We analyze the property of locality with respect to the framework for quantum mechanics based on the path integral formalism. As is well known, this framework makes the same experimental predictions as does the one based on a separable Hilbert space and the Schr\"odinger equation.


Abstract Multiple binding of some sulfonic dyes with trypsin in acidic media was investigated by equilibrium gel filtration. The apparent dissociation constants for the binding of flavianate, orange II, and orange G were, respectively, 46, 6, and 61 µM, reflecting differences in the organic moieties of the dyes. The elution profiles displayed a negative correlation of the eluted volumes between the monophasic trough and the peak with saturation ratios. This correlation was attributed to the outcome of distinct tautomeric forms of trypsin induced by ligand, together with the role of the dextran polymer and self‐association of dye molecules. Protein transconformation was achieved after a lag time‐depending on the ligand structure and concentration inside the column.


The aim of the article is to discuss the main problems in land-development activity. Land assembly process is crucial for successful investment and the aggregated results of land assembly projects are fundamental for real estate market dynamics. In the article we describe possible explanations of significant differences between land market values and actual prices paid for single plots during assembly operations, as well as we discuss converging development yields. In our study we focus on real estate market in Poland, and we examine land assembly operations in Krakow – one of most rapidly growing land markets in the region. The empirical part of the study is based on real estate transaction data, gathered by Cracow Real Estate Institute (KIN). The paper exploits the structure of transactions micro-data from Krakow to identify the potential large volatility of prices paid for adjacent plots, assembled during development projects.


THIS PAPER DESCRIBES A HIGH-CAPACITY ROLLING LOAD TESTING MACHINE AND THE RESULTS OF TESTS PERFORMED WITH IT OVER THE LAST THREE YEARS AT WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY. THE TESTING MACHINE IS BEING USED FOR THE EVALUATION OF BASECOURSE MATERIALS IN A SIMULATED HIGHWAY. CONSIDERABLE ECONOMY IN ROAD AND HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COULD BE REALIZED IN WEST VIRGINIA IF SOME CONSTRUCTION METHOD WERE DEVISED THAT WOULD UTILIZE THE STATE'S ABUNDANT AND WELL-DISTRIBUTED SUPPLY OF SANDSTONE. THE BEST EVALUATION WOULD COME FROM HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTED OF SUCH MATERIALS, AN EVALUATION EXPENSIVE IN BOTH TIME AND MONEY. A PROPERLY DESIGNED ROLLING LOAD TESTING MACHINE, ALONG WITH A CAREFULLY PLANNED TESTING PROGRAM, MIGHT REDUCE THE COST IN BOTH ASPECTS. OPINION AS TO THE USEFULNESS OF ROLLING LOAD MACHINES OR TEST TRACKS OVER THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS HAS BEEN DIVIDED. ONE MACHINE HAS BEEN ABANDONED WHILE ANOTHER VERY LARGE MACHINE HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED RECENTLY AT WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY. CIRCULAR TRACKS ARE IN USE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AND AT THE AMERICAN OIL COMPANY IN WHITING, INDIANA. /AUTHOR/


External resorption and open apex are pathological conditions which can occur due to chronic inflammation after a dental trauma. In order to stop the pathological conditions, surgical correction and apexification is performed. New calcium silicate-based materials are used as new variety of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) to increase the setting time and easier manipulation. This report presents external root resorption arrest and formation of an apical barrier by surgical perforation repair due to external resorption and apexification of post-traumatic necrosis tooth. A 22-yearold male patient was presented to Conservative Dentistry Department based on referral of Prosthodontics for upper left lateral incisor examination. The patient had a history of trauma 10 years ago and no symptoms had been noted since then. Percussion test was positive. Palpation, thermal and electrical test were negative. Periapical radiograph and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) examination revealed radiolucency lesions in central and lateral middle third of root with blunt apex and periapical lesion. Surgical correction of external resorption and apexification was done using new calcium silicate-based materials. Tooth was restored using resin composite with prefabricated fiber post as intracanal reinforcement. Radiographs of treatment after 1 month and 6 months showed well-covered resorption area, less periapical lesions and good result for apical barrier formation. The new calcium silicate-based materials can be used in perforation repair due to external resorption and apexification treatments. Keywords–apexification, CBCT, endodontic surgery, external resorption, new calcium silicate-based materials


This article presents a case study of scaling up the T-STEM initiative in Texas. Data come from the four-year longitudinal evaluation of the Texas High School Project (THSP). The evaluation studied the implementation and impact of T-STEM and the other THSP reforms using a mixed-methods design, including qualitative case studies; principal, teacher, and student surveys; and a quasi-experimental approach to examining the effects of the programs on student achievement and achievement-related behaviors. The article presents a brief description of T-STEM characteristics and early outcomes on math and science achievement. It then examines variation in the local interpretation and enactment of the blueprint designed to guide T-STEM academy development. A multidimensional infrastructure supported T-STEM implementation and provided needed technical assistance. Yet T-STEM academies' primary affiliations through their district or external support network provided the strongest context for implementation, shaping priorities and affording resources and know-how. The article offers key lessons for policymakers and practitioners engaged in supporting STEM efforts in particular and new school models in general.


Some organoboron compounds as flame-retardants for fiber materials were prepared.Flame-retarding properties of these compounds determined by the Oxygen-Index Method weregood.These new compounds were characterized by IR,~1H NMR spectrum and elementalanalysis.


The purpose of this article is to explore possible analytic approaches to estimate value aspects implied by an acquisition. Most often premium control paid in acquisition is difficult to explain by theoretical analysis, even considering revenue and cost synergies. The general practice tends to relate the premium paid to "intangible aspects" that cannot be explained with a "financial formula." In the article is shown how, on the contrary, most of the effects of an acquisition can be evaluated by financial analysis, even if it implies a deeper analysis than a simple Net Present Value of the synergies cash flow. In particular, the following approaches were considered: 1. Real Options, to evaluate the effect of the option embedded in an acquisition; 2. Discount rate rectifications, to evaluate the impact, on the value of the acquiring company, consequent to the enterprise risk profile variation; Considering that there is plenty of literature about Real Options, it was given more emphasis to the second approach, with the indication of a possible path for the mentioned issue. Then the proposed approach was applied to a simple case study, to estimate how much the risk profile variation could represent in term of value. For the examined case study, it was found that the risk profile variation represented about 10% of the overall Enterprise Value.


We investigate the effects of(N,N'-diphenyl)-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine(NPB) buffer layers on charge collection in inverted ZnO/MEH-PPV hybrid devices. The insertion of a 3-nm NPB thin layer enhances the efficiency of charge collection by improving charge transport and reducing the interface energy barrier, resulting in better device performances. S-shaped light J–V curve appears when the thickness of the NPB layer reaches 25 nm, which is induced by the inefficient charge extraction from MEH-PPV to Ag. Capacitance–voltage measurements are performed to further investigate the influence of the NPB layer on charge collection from both simulations and experiments.


An approach to the estimation of the electrical conductivity of filled polymers based on a complex of texture parameters of the macrostructure image is suggested using image transformation into a binary form based on models of color space analysis. Suitability of the suggested complex of texture parameters for estimation of filled polymer properties has been experimentally proved. Possibility of individual matching of the texture parameters to a specific electrophysical characteristic for prognostic estimation is shown. Texture parameters that change monotonously along with the increase of filler concentration are revealed. It is found out that the "contrast" parameter is the most sensitive to changes of filler concentration. The characteristics of the texture pattern close in values to the electrophysical characteristics considered in the paper are revealed.An approach to the estimation of the electrical conductivity of filled polymers based on a complex of texture parameters of the macrostructure image is suggested using image transformation into a binary form based on models of color space analysis. Suitability of the suggested complex of texture parameters for estimation of filled polymer properties has been experimentally proved. Possibility of individual matching of the texture parameters to a specific electrophysical characteristic for prognostic estimation is shown. Texture parameters that change monotonously along with the increase of filler concentration are revealed. It is found out that the "contrast" parameter is the most sensitive to changes of filler concentration. The characteristics of the texture pattern close in values to the electrophysical characteristics considered in the paper are revealed.


In spring 1994 we were amazed by the unexpected passing of Professor Paul L. Garvin (University of Buffalo) shortly after he suddenly had to Interrupt bis teaching äs Visiting Professor at Charles University, Prague, for a serious health complaint. His passing appears even more lamentable, since the death found him in füll vigor and with many working plans. Paul Garvin was born in 1919. He grew up in Karlovy Vary (Karlsbad), Czechoslovakia, in 1937 graduated here from Czech Secondary school and began to study at Charles University. But in 1938 he had to leave the country before the Nazi invasion and finally found refuge in the USA. There he studied linguistics, esp. at Bloomington under the direction of C. F. Voegelin (whose views deeply influenced Garvin in bis methodological approach). We could state that the Student years appeared (äs with many other scholars) decisive for bis future orientation. He was hired to work at Army Language Section and also had the possibility to examine less well-known languages, esp. the language of the Pacific island of Ponape. In bis wonderful conversation with Lynette Baker Spencer "Audience with five decades of linguistics" (1991) Garvin appreciates this experience äs follows: "On the basis of my fieldwork I developed a discovery procedure and an empiricist epistemology — more specifically my notions of functional empiricism. The functionalism of the Prague School was included in my empiricist method and also in the studies I subsequently did regarding questions in language planning and the cultivation of language. In addition to Jakobson I was here inspired by the ideas of Bühler, Havränek, and Mathesius, and I have applied these principles of a world-wide scale both in my own work and in the work ofstudents"(129). He began bis Professional career in 1948 in Oklahoma (Anthropological Department) and in 1951 moved to Georgetown (Institute of Languages and Linguistics). It is here that he also became involved with machine translation. "For more than ten years", teils us Garvin in the interview, "I was up to my ears in machine translation


Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a powerful paradigm to mitigate the reliance on large labeled data by leveraging unlabeled data during model training. However, for time series data, few SSL models focus on the underlying temporal structure of time series, which results in a suboptimal representation learning quality on unlabeled time series. In this article, we propose a framework of semisupervised time series classification by investigating irregular time sampling (iTimes), which learns the underlying temporal structure of unlabeled time series in a self-supervised manner to benefit semisupervised time series classification. Specifically, we propose four different irregular time sampling functions to transform the original time series into different transformations. Then, iTimes employs a supervised module to classify labeled time series directly and employs a self-supervised module on unlabeled time series by predicting the transformation type of irregular time sampling. Finally, the underlying temporal structure pattern of unlabeled time series can be captured in the self-supervised module. The feature spaces between labeled data and unlabeled data can be aligned by jointly training the supervised and self-supervised modules which boost the ability of model learning and the representation quality. Extensive experimental results on multiple real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of iTimes compared with the state-of-the-art baselines.


The current moment in schooling and socio-political contexts has prompted many educators to pause and reflect on what it might take to create a "new normal" for educating young people, particularly in underserved, urban communities. This article centers an interview with Dr. Arnetha F. Ball given her expertise in the field of teacher education, specifically with students in urban schools. We draw connections from the dialogue to existing literature related to urban education, Black students, and community engaged teaching and learning with an emphasis on centering Dr. Ball's contributions to this literature. Based on our insights, this article proposes action-based recommendations for a community-centered approach to teacher preparation for urban schools that synthesize our hopes for more liberatory and transformative practices therein.


The necessity of coatings for endoprosthetic implants is discussed controversially. Thereby hydroxyapatite coatings are objects of the debate [1, 2]. Therefore, we investigated four different coatings (calcium-phosphate (CaP), titanium-calcium-phosphate (TiCaP), titanium-plasma-spray (TPS) and bilayer-composite calcium-phosphate (CaP-bc)) in comparison with rough uncoated test specimens to evaluate the impact of the osteoconductive coatings on the initial implant stability which is the key factor for its secondary stability. Dimensions of the test specimens were defined according to a conventional total hip stem and their geometry was simplified to a conical one for comparison of the surface-related parameters. The specimens were force-controlled pressed in artificial bone counterparts made of foam material while the displacement was monitored by the test machine to determine the subsidence behavior. Consecutively a displacement-controlled axial extraction of the test specimens was performed and the pull-out force was recorded. Roughness and geometry of the test specimens before testing were measured and correlated to type of coating and initial stability. The uncoated specimens showed highest extraction forces (3.9 kN) with moderate surface roughness compared to the coated specimens. In contrary to our assumption no correlation between surface roughness and the measured subsidence as well as pull-out force was found and a reduced subsidence or increased pull-out force for the different titanium and calcium-phosphate coatings could not be derived from the experimental tests.


Various ideas of data have emerged, expressed in practice through distinct vocabularies of data-related terms. This article develops a six-category taxonomy of these vocabularies, and illustrates how their terms are utilized in texts which relate to geographic information systems (GIS) in general, and to the HYDRA5 water catchment modeling system developed for the Sydney Water Corporation in particular. Revealed is complex cross-referencing between inter-related vocabularies. Terms from different vocabularies are juxtaposed in such a way as to produce a cascade of meaningful reference which invites the reader to accept the transitions from understanding 'data' in one way to understanding it in another. Several implications are drawn out briefly: problems with viewing data as 'object'; the need to explore further how the complexity of data is negotiated in practice; and the defining role that ideas of data have in relation to communities of practice, professional education and technical training.


There have been significant amounts of research investigating growth mindset in entrepreneurship with various variables. This research describes tenants' growth mindset and its implication in running the set-up business. The participants of the research were 27 tenants Entrepreneurship Development Program in Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 of the program. An adopted questionnaire of growth mindset (Dweck, C. S, 2006) was used to obtain the data of the tenants' mindset category. For triangulation, another open questionnaire consists of 7 items elaborating growth mindset were administered to obtain more comprehensive data. The team's notes were also utilized to capture the students' mindset, motivation, and teamwork. Based on the questionnaire, it was found that 70 % of the students possess growth mindset, and the rest has growth mindset with some fixed ideas. The data from open questionnaire showed that 93% of the tenants believed in their self-capacity, and other features to be labelled as having growth mindset such as seriousness, hardworking, and passion to be entrepreneurs. Similarly, notes of the team in Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 confirmed that the participants with strong growth mindset are the tenants who are still running the business today. They were recognized as highly motivated and committed tenants from the beginning to the end of the entrepreneurship program. The reason why they remain stay in the business was because of the passion to be entrepreneurs. The implication of having growth mindset is that the tenants are persistent in facing challenges during the business set up. Growth mindset keeps them survive in the business.


The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the phytochemical screening of Sargassum sp and also to investigate the effect of its crude extracts on seed germination and seedling development of Capsicum annum. The samples were dried and made to coarse powder and stored at -20°C for further analysis. Crude extracts were prepared using three different solvents (DCM, methanol and hexane).   Different concentrations of crude extracts were prepared in solid medium using MS basal media and germination tests were carried out in vitro. High concentration (50ul/mL) of hexane extract exhibited most promoting effect on seed germination and seedling development of Capsicum annum followed by methanol (50ul/mL) and DCM (50ul/mL). The presence of micro and macro nutrients, vitamins, growth hormones and other constituents in the seaweed extract might be very much useful to the crop but their concentration should be appropriate to enhance growth and productivity. It may be concluded that Sargassum extracts could serve as cost effective and eco-friendly product for sustainable agriculture.


The cost of early childhood education and care is a highly visible issue in Australia and many other parts of the world. The Australian media discusses it regularly and government policy and inquiries often seek to address it. Despite the attention on the financial details, the issue itself is not restricted to cost alone but rather a combination of cost, quality and availability of services. After all price could arguably be reduced significantly at the expense of quality by abolition of regulations, child to educator ratios and fair work laws. It is unlikely however that many would find this an adequate solution. Some explanations for this reduced availability of affordable, quality education and care include high educator pay and increased regulation through the National Quality Framework. This paper argues that much of this issue of affordability of quality early childhood education and care stems from the marketisation and the growth of for-profit services.


In order to improve the operational level of safety, reliability, economy and environmental protection of thermal power units, the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) method were combined and proposed to assess the operating condition of fossil-fired power plants comprehensively, which can resolve the problem on the evaluation of multiple indicators. This method utilizes principal component analysis to perform the standardization, dimension-reduction and de-correlation of multiple evaluation indicators system for thermal power unit and abstracts the principal components. Moreover, the principal components were extracted as a new data matrix by cluster analysis. Finally the principal component scores and cluster classification were combined for comprehensive evaluation. It can provide the high reference value for the power generation group on how to implement energy saving, optimal operation, index evaluation and competition in thermal power units. The practical example shows that the proposed method is effective.


This paper studies the competition situation of product differentiation based on.SaloP circular city model and analyzes market equilibrium according to Bertrand competition theory.Using a four-phase dynamic game as research process,this paper assumes that four enterprises exist in the market,evenly distributed in circumference,an enterprise of which has initiative merger power.This paper firstly analyzes that the enterprise tries to separately acquire the neighboring enterprise and the symmetrical enterprise in the circumference, then separately studies whether the remaining enterprises carry out merger counterattack in two different choice of target merger,which affects the initial expected benefits of the initiative merger enterprise,thirdly investigates that the enterprises may adjust the initial decision-making,and finally shows that the enterprise can make the best choice of merger target through the comparison of the highest interest under two different merger situations.The research shows that the enterprises will choose a different merger target under different intensity of network externality.In the end this paper analyzes social welfare's change for the best decision-making.


Abstract This study investigates the feasibility of enhancing steam‐driven ejector performance. Initially, a one‐dimensional ejector theory is used to examine the effects on ejector performance of three isentropic efficiencies: nozzle efficiency ηm , mixing efficiency ηm, and diffuser efficiency ηm . Theoretical analysis demonstrates that mixing efficiency profoundly affects ejector performance, but that the other two efficiencies have slightly influenced ejector performance. This finding suggests that efficient mixing can promote ejector performance. This study also attempts to improve mixing efficiency using a petal nozzle. The behavior and characteristics of a petal nozzle are investigated by testing the nozzle under various operating conditions, i.e. primary pressure, secondary pressure, and back pressure. In addition, the study compares the experimental and theoretical results. These results prove that using a petal nozzle can improve ejector performance. The shadowgraph method was used to visualize the inner flow field of an ejector. The flow patterns observed should help to further improve ejector performance.


Viscosity is an important mechanical property of liquid materials referred to in various industrial processes, such as transportation, mixing and coating. Measurement techniques are thus essential for various environments, however, less progress in mythology has been made in recent years, though the conventional method hardly satisfies the variety of user's demands: Requirement arises, for example, to the rapid observation, small quantity of samples, and completely closed system for the viscosity measurement. We introduce in this paper the Electro-Magnetically Spinning (EMS) method, which can settle these problems of the conventional methods. This method has unique features such as, non-contact and rapid measurement, small sample volume, disposable usage, measurement under hermetically sealed condition, which are demonstrated in actual rheology measurement of various materials.


Introduction Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is one of the most common congenital cardiac diseases in dogs (8,10). Base on the location of stenosis, the PS is classified as supravalvular, valvular and subvalvular PS (9). It is also classified base on the severity as mild, moderate and severe type according to pulmonary pressure gradient (3). The good choice of treatment is performing balloon valvuloplasty (BV) which is proved to extend the longevity (4, 6). An aberrant coronary artery with left coronary arising from the single right one can cause stenosis by circling around pulmonic valve. Although the fatal correction using balloon valvuloplasty were reported (7), the procedure is still necessary in some cases.


The Hui people in Hosi in the Yuan Dynasty broke through the past single cross-border trade mode and engaged in various activities such as agriculture,trade,husbandry and handicraft,which formed the combined economic structure characterized by putting agriculture in the first place and being good at trade.All these benefited from the unique geographical location of Hosi,the special policy and epochal background of the Yuan Dynasty,the rulers' putting emphasis on the development of agriculture and convenient transportation.The religious policy which gave preferential treatment to the Hui people,the Hui people's being not good at managing money matter and the regional advantage provided an unprecedented economic stage for the Hui people.


This study presents an innovative fuzzy estimator that efficiently and robustly estimates the vibratory forces of a beam–machine system. The proposed estimator includes fuzzy Kalman filter technology, which is accelerated by the fuzzy accelerating factor and the fuzzy weighting recursive least-square method, weighted by the fuzzy weighting factor based on the fuzzy logic inference system. The excellent performance of this estimator is demonstrated by comparing it with different weighting functions, distinct levels of noise covariance measurement and the initial process noise covariance. The simulation results show that the proposed method is efficient in estimating input vibration forces, giving this method great stability and precision.


Societies are faced with the problems which are of many and various, but nowadays there are increasing evidences on the close links that exist between environmental problems and social injustice. Various studies tend to place their focus on solving environmental problems through integrated and multi-dimensional social policies. This study considers social injustice through environmental lens by analyzing environmental issues more clearly in terms of social justice. New effective ways for dealing these problems should be considered coherently, rather than each issue should be tackled separately.


This paper presents the principal requirements of the broadband local communications cables, focusing on the key manufacturing techniques, which include the homogeneity of the insulation, the smallest possible lay length and layer stranded unit/cable core. It indicates that the use of single die wire drawing machine enables the size control of the conductor when the insulated conductors are made by the tandem extrusion line with non continuous wire drawing and annealing.


This paper views evaluation criteria in the transportation planning process from the operator's perspective. It is concluded that evaluation criteria for goals objectives, and responsibilities must be designed to permit innovation in organization structure, facilities, operating procedures and practices, and service promotion, merchandising, and marketing. A table is presented showing evaluation criteria from the operator's perspective. It is organized according to the following three major areas of concern: organization, facilities, and operations.


In April of this year, the UK government came out with its Bioenergy Strategy. Department for Transport, DECC, DEFRA (2012), UK Bioenergy Strategy (London). Perhaps the most critical bioenergy issue facing the UK government right now is the extent of support for the use of biomass for electricity. In actual operation, that mostly means the use of wood pellets generated from the harvest of whole trees, which will come primarily from the United States and Canada. The Bioenergy Strategy included a call for properly subjecting this biomass to sound greenhouse gas accounting and to support only the uses of biomass that would reduce emissions between now and 2050 substantially. On pages 29-31, it also showed how the use of whole trees for electricity would violate these principles and concluded "The use of the entire tree for bioenergy is undesirable as it is generally associated with sub-optimal carbon scenarios and can result in increased greenhouse gas emissions." Such findings are consistent with a broad range of peer-reviewed papers as referenced at the end of this paper.


A few months ago, Minerva mentioned a systematic review that found married people had a slightly lower risk of dementia than people who were single or widowed (BMJ doi:10.1136/bmj. k28). Another systematic review now reports that very much the same thing is true of cardiovascular disease (Heart doi:10. 1136/heartjnl-2018-313005). It's not clear how far this gets us. Perhaps the practical and emotional support provided by a long term partner is good for health. Or is it that people with poorer health are less likely to find partners?


The study of mathematics in origamic architecture (OA) has not been widely practised. In this present study, we attempt to reveal the spatial geometrical elements in OA. We concentrate on the coordinate conversion for points between OA pattern in two-dimensional (2D) plane and OA model in three-dimensional (3D) space using the Cartesian coordinate system. Our result generalized the results previously proposed by Mitani J. and Suzuki H 1 . Based on the basic coordinate conversion formulae for a single pop-up layer, we further developed the equations which can easily identify the coordinates of every individual point for up to multiple (n-th) pop-up layers. This is applicable for points located either on surfaces or at edges of folding, be it a mountain fold or a valley fold, with angle ranging 0o<θ≤180o when being folded and unfolded. We will illustrate and discuss the fundamental mathematical ideas underlying the coordinate conversion from 2D to 3D and vice versa based on the assumptions made. 1 Mitani, J. and Suzuki, H., 2004. Computer aided design for Origamic Architecture models with polygonal representation. Computer Graphics International 2004, Crete, Greece, June 16-19, pp. 93-99.


The Mediation Act 2016 was recently passed by the Singapore Parliament and is soon to come into operation. This legislative comment compares the Act's key provisions to the common law principles concerning confidentiality and admissibility, enforcement of mediated settlement agreements and stay of proceedings pending mediation. It argues that the Act has refined the common law in certain areas, but has brought about greater uncertainty in other aspects. It also discusses how the major provisions are likely to be applied by the court in light of similar developments in other jurisdictions.


Silicon photodiodes which operate satisfactorily in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) have been commercially available for the past few years. These photodiodes also inherently respond to radiation extending from the x-ray region to the near infrared, a property which is undesirable in many EUV applications. The addition of a thin film of a suitable filtering material to the surface of such a photodiode can accomplish the restriction of the sensitivity of the silicon to a much narrower band, or bands, in the EUV. This results in a rugged, yet sensitive photometer for applications in which dominant out-of-band radiation is present. Applications include plasma diagnostics, solar physics, x-ray lithography, x-ray microscopy, and materials science. Previous attempts to produce such devices have resulted in degraded shunt resistance with a corresponding increase in background noise. Prototype detectors have now been fabricated using directly deposited films of aluminum, aluminum/carbon, aluminum/carbon/scandium, silver, tin, and titanium, without degradation of the noise characteristics of the uncoated photodiodes. Measured and theoretical sensitivity data are presented, as well as a discussion of relatively simple methods to reduce the x-ray response of such filtered detectors.


Multiple authors have argued that moral cosmopolitanism, the thesis that every human has a global stature as an ultimate unit of moral concern, is compatible with domestic egalitarianism. This is because they believe that from equal concern does not follow equal treatment, and it might be possible to impartially justify partial treatment. Some such attempts at justifying restricting the scope of egalitarian demands of distrib‑ utive justice to the state proceed by application of Rawls's principle of fair‑ ness to the provision of basic goods. But such relational approaches have been criticized by institutionalists who believe there is a global basic struc‑ ture for the provision of basic goods. Institutional approaches, however, have themselves been criticized for relying on less than global institutions, such that the egalitarianism that they may justify is not truly global either. We argue that beyond institutionally provided goods there are nonetheless some goods whose provision is truly global, such that we can find a rela‑ tional foundation for global egalitarianism, from which we can argue for cosmopolitan institutionalization.


A field experiment was conducted under the super-high-yielding conditions to evaluate the effects of application of phosphorus fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of wheat cultivar,Jimai 22.The RVA,alveograph,consistograph and extensograph were used to determine the milling quality,pasting indices,dough rheological properties and baking quality indices of wheat.The results indicate that the grain bulk weight and percentage of flour both had a significant positive correlation with milling quality,peak viscosity and peak time have significant effects on the pasting indices,and the wet gluten content and SDS sedimentation have significant positive correlations with baking quality indices at the 0.05 or 0.01 levels.The yield and most of the quality indices are significant changed with the increase of N and P fertilizer applications.There are significant interaction effects between the N and P fertilizers on the yield and quality.The super high yield of the Jimai 22 is achieved under the applications of nitrogen at 300 kg/ha and phosphorus at 150 kg/ha,and as well as the high values of grain bulk weight,flour milling rate,wet gluten content,SDS sedimentation and dough stability time.These results indicate the amounts of the applied fertilizers are the best fertilization model for high quality and super high yield.


T h e w a r i n the Pers ian G u l f marks a critical juncture for the environmental movement. We can either remain silent w h i l e a mass ive social a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l t ragedy u n f o l d s , or w e c a n q u e s t i o n the p r e m i s e s a n d consequences of that " w a y of l ife" for which more than 400,000 young A m e r i c a n s have been sent overseas to k i l l and die. We can either define ourselves as a single issue movement or w e can recognize that environmental questions i n the G u l f and here at home are intertwined w i t h those of peace, social justice, and human survival . A s US war planes fly 2,000 bombing raids a night on Iraq and Kuwai t , and as oil spills into the G u l f waters , w e are w i t n e s s i n g the u n f o l d i n g of a major human and environmental tragedy. The bombing of nuclear weapons plants , chemical weapons facilities, oil dril l ing platforms, refineries, and nuclear powered ships bearing nuclear arms al l present horrifying scenarios of social and ecological catastrophe. The use of chemica l , nuclear and biological weapons w o u l d h a v e ser ious i m m e d i a t e a n d long-term impacts on the environment and human health. Scientists are warning that the environmental effects of


We cannot use non-local features with current major methods of sequence labeling such as CRFs due to concerns about complexity. We propose a new perceptron algorithm that can use non-local features. Our algorithm allows the use of all types of non-local features whose values are determined from the sequence and the labels. The weights of local and non-local features are learned together in the training process with guaranteed convergence. We present experimental results from the CoNLL 2003 named entity recognition (NER) task to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.


Abstract : In simultaneous learning two verbal lists are interlaced for study, with each tested separately. In the present experiments simultaneous learning was used as a means of determining the conditions under which study time or learning resources might be reallocated between lists. One of the lists was called the standard list and it remained constant across the conditions of each experiment. The other list, the variable list, was manipulated to produce differences in its difficulty. If performance on the standard task varied as a function of the difficulty of the variable list, we inferred a shift in study time. In a more general sense, the purpose of the experiments was to determine the strategies that a subject might use to maximize the learning when the instructions are to learn as many items from both lists as possible. In addition, one of the studies suggested the possibility that when the processes underlying the two tasks are uncorrelated, performance on both tasks is enhanced. Another study indicated support for the theory which asserts that the spacing effect is due to an attenuation-of-attention for massed items. Our general conclusion is that subjects reallocate study time between two tasks being learned simultaneously only when there are obvious differences in difficulty.


Abstract: The project evaluated a compact digital holocamera concept for measuring cloud droplets in the range of 10 to 1,000 µm from unmanned airborne vehicles in the Arctic and Antarctic regions.


From its early days, the academic debate on public goods has focused on discrepancies or trade-offs regarding the provision of public goods on the one hand and private goods on the other. However, both the extension of the public domain and an increasing interdependence in international relations clearly drive the expansion of an agenda in which there are a growing number of cases where public goods collide with each other. This trend is mirrored by an increase in conflicts among international regimes, since regimes either act as the legal providers of such goods or can be considered public goods themselves.The working paper first outlines the logical nature of the connection between both kinds of conflicts and illustrates this relation by presenting examples of incompatibilities among free trade regimes and environmental regimes. Second, moving from description to analytical reflection, the article introduces and discusses an assumption about the outcome of regime conflicts. Based on the distinction of different types of public goods, this assumption predicts that those regimes providing designed public goods tend to prevail over regimes regulating pure public goods. This hypothesis will be applied to the conflict about the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), showing that complementary explanatory factors such as power constellations or regime design have to be taken into account. (Less)


During a course of experiments with fixatives we observed an apparent differential staining of nuclei in liver cells. This was obtained after fixation of the tissue in a solution consisting of: Potassium bichromate 2 gm. Sulphuric acid (conc.) 1.75 cc. Sodium sulphate 0.75″ Acetic acid (cone.) 5″ Mercuric sulphate 3.5″ Distilled water 87″ Liver tissue from the rabbit, cat, and dog was fixed for about 20 hours, after which it was dehydrated, imbedded in paraffin, and cut into 10μ and 5μ sections. Some sections were stained with Mallory's triple connective tissue stain while others were stained in hematoxylin and eosin.∗ Observations. 1. Some nuclei of mononuclear liver cells appear blue, while others appear red. 2. Both nuclei in some binucleate liver cells appear blue, while in other cells both appear red. 3. In some binucleate liver cells one nucleus appears blue, the other red. 4. In the blue staining nuclei the nucleoli, which may be two in number, stain blue. 5. In the red staining nuclei, the nucleoli are as a rule red, but additional blue nucleoli may be present. 6. The nuclear ground-substance (enchylema) and the nuclear sponge-work stain red in the red nuclei and blue in the blue ones. 7. No apparent difference in the staining affinity of the cytoplasm of the cell body proper has been observed. Schäfer, 1 Jordan, 2 and Bloom 3 do not describe any differences in the staining of nuclei in liver cells. The latter author comments that in view of the numerous functions which the liver cells perform it is quite striking that there should be such a marked similarity in appearance in all the liver cells. Wilson 4 states regarding nuclei in general: "The nuclear framework undergoes great changes of staining-capacity in different phases of the cell-cycle and may even completely lose its affinity for the basic dyes, becoming purely oxyphilic like linin or general cytoplasm."


An underlying experimental design algorithm for obtaining optimal batch profiles in a sequential fashion is addressed. The proposed design technique, composed of the hybrid function approximation a...


The research objective was to analyze the relationship between motivation and the ability to master the material together with the performance of teachers in subjects Aqidah Morals. Correlational study was conducted at the junior secondary school teachers Rangkasbitung Affairs, which consists of 35 people and hypothesis testing performed with using correlation analysis. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship motivation and ability to master the material together with teacher performance.


IN Northern Ireland each year there are probably about 75 new cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri and of this number about 90 per cent are referred with a view to treatment by radiotherapy, alone, or occasionally in combination with surgery. One presumes that the remaining patients not referred are either very early when surgery is carried out, or very late and advanced where the gynaecologist feels that radiation has little or nothing to offer. With the introduction of cervical cytology it may be that the number of new cases occurring annually will decrease, and this is probably an appropriate time to review the treatment of patients referred from 1953, when the Centre opened, to 1960, when cobalt units were installed, and treatment policy and techniques were altered or modified.


Arbitrators have very important role in the process of dispute settlement through arbitral institusion. Therefore, Act number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration  and Alternative Dispute Resolution regulates the procedure of the appointment of an arbitrators in case of dispute among the parties. The Chairman of District Court is given the authority by the act to resolve the disputes on the appointment of arbitrators, both disputes in as ad hoc arbitration and institusional arbitration. Nonetheles, it is qustionable and the aothority on the settlement of disputes concerning the appointment aof the arbitrators given by the act to the Chairman of district court. Its is also because the spirit which is expented to be built from the disputes settlement is the late process as a result of the procedural and administrative factors can be avoided. Besides, is the authority in accordance with the principle of simple, quick and inexpensie trial. It wil not become simple because the forum must be moved. It will not become quick because it still take time to settle it and it will requires costs for the trial at the court. In addition to, the Chairman of  District Court should have the certain criteria in appointing arbitrators because the requirements stipulated in Article 2 or Act Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution is not clear on what kind of persons are considered as experts in their field and who has the authority to evaluate that someone is expert in his/her field.


An instrument, consisting of a stepping motor, an electronic switch and a pulse oscillator, for lowering the mould in order to grow single crystals of desired orientation is described. Speeds are continuously variable, with a ratio of minimum to maximum rate of 1: 100. The device, employed by the authors in a modified Bridgman method, facilitates acceleration of the growth of the crystals of specific orientations.


In today's telecommunication, people demand more but at the time they want it should be cost effective and also compact in size. For that new concept of fractal antenna introduced which is useful to make multiband antenna and also compact in size. In this paper the basics of fractal geometry has been described. Due to the rapid development in the field of wireless communications there is an increasing demand for higher data rate and large bandwidth. The Ultra Wideband (UWB) is a promising technology for satisfying these demands. This paper also described the range and some of its application.


SU-8 micro-cantilever arrays consisting of V- and M-shaped structures fabricated using a simplified single hard mask step. Bending tests were performed under similar peak loads (ranging 2–10 µN), with thickness ranging between micron (3.5 µm) and sub-micron (0.2 µm) scales. Various mechanical properties such as stiffness and hysteresis are determined from the load versus deflection curves. When the thickness of the V-shaped beam is decreased from 2 µm to 0.2 µm, the stiffness increases by a factor of 2.7, which is in contradiction with the classical beam theory according to which the stiffness for 0.2 µm beam should be three orders of magnitude less than that of 2 µm beam. Micropolar elasticity theory with a variable-intrinsic length scale (thickness dependant) is used to explain such an anomalous response. Experimentally obtained stiffness of two M-shaped beams of thickness 2 µm and 0.2 µm are almost identical. Reason behind this contradictory result is that the thicker beam has a residual strain with a large plastic deformation which usually increases the cross-linking network density, leading to increase in elastic modulus, hardness and thus stiffness of polymers. But the thinner beam has undergone an elastic deformation. The size effect of V- and M-shaped cantilever beams is discussed.


In this study, taking Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill as raw materials, microwave-assisted hydro-distillation was applied to extract of the volatile oil. The main chemical components were analyzed by GC-MS. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of S. chinensis volatile oil was analyzed by DPPH, ABTS and NIR. The results showed that the volatile composition mainly consisted of olefins, including α-ylangene (RA% = 30.463%), β-himachalene (RA% = 12.368%), and (E)-α-bergamotene (RA% = 10.296%). Furthermore, the free radicals scavenging capacity of volatile oil was analyzed using the characteristic spectrum of functional groups in NIRS. It is helpful to study the volatile oil of S. chinensis volatile oil in the future.


Sustained virologic response (SVR) to the antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection before liver transplantation (LT) can prevent graft infection. Pegylated (PEG)- interferon (IFN) may ameliorate the SVR, improving the risk-to-benefit ratio of antiviral therapy in cirrhotics awaiting LT. From January 2001 to March 2009, 21 HCV- infected cirrhotics eligible for LT were treated with PEG-IFN alpha-2b (1.5 µg/kg weight/week) and ribavirin (800-1200 mg/day). Mean age was 53.7±7.9 years. There were 11 men. Eleven had genotype 1b. Child-Pugh score was 9.5±1.2, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score 16.6±1.8. Besides virologic failure, full dosage and planned length of therapy were tolerated in 5 patients (23.8%). Adverse events occurred in all patients, life-threatening in 9 (42.9%). No patient died during treatment. Adverse events caused treatment withdrawal in 11 patients (52.4%), ribavirin and/or PEG-IFN reduction in 7 (33.3%). On an intention-to-treat basis, SVR was obtained in 4 patients (19.0%). None of the genotype 1 or 3 patients obtained SVR; 50.0% of genotype 2 patients obtained SVR. All patients with SVR experienced rapid virological response (RVR). Six patients (three nonresponders, two relapsers, one sustained responder) were transplanted; six died; four are awaiting LT; two are under evaluation for listening; three refused LT. The risk-to-benefit ratio is against treatment with PEG-IFN and ribavirin of severely decompensated genotype 1 cirrhotics. In contrast, antiviral therapy is probably beneficial in genotype 2 subjects, due to an expected SVR rate of 50%. However, one must carefully consider the high risk for severe adverse events.


The paper presents principal methodological approaches to studying party policy positions under the conditions of competitive political regime. It aims to identify the advantages and shortcomings of these approaches. Much attention was given to the theoretical and empirical studies of party policy positions carried out by foreign political scientists. The conclusion was drawn that the analysis of party programs and manifestos is the most appropriate approach to identifying party policy positions. In particular, it helps to set up comprehensive databases of party policy positions, which could be used during further investigations of party positioning and political competition.


Rain, Fog and Runoff water pollution has increased by urbanization and industrialization. Rural areas are being converted to urban areas continuously and unplanned industrialization is taking place. Fumes and gases from factories pollute the air. Acidic gaseous oxides liberated by the chimneys of the factories cause acid rain. Acid rain causes soil and water pollution and damages historical monument. Hot water liberated by many factories affects life under water and cause water pollution. Thus, urbanization and industrialization have leads to various types of pollution. This pollution can be checked by enforcing strict laws against the polluters. In this book focus on the Physico-chemical analysis of Rain, Fog and Runoff water samples collected from the various sites. It is useful for B.Tech, M.Tech and Ph.D. students in the field of Environmental pollution and sustainable studies. Hope this book can give better understand regarding the worldwide Rain, Fog, and Runoff water pollution.


In the field of solid waste management, key concepts such as risk, impact and hazards have been used interchangeably and have had imprecise meanings and scopes; this can lead to a partial or biased vision, for example in relation to municipal solid waste management policies. This paper analyzes the use and diverse meanings of the concept of risk and its components in the scientific literature that addresses the issue of urban solid waste, from 1970 to 2020. It shows that the concept has been approached from various perspectives and interpretations. Economic and health crises can surprisingly increase risks and waste as in 2020. Waste composition has changed, since protective equipment against the coronavirus has been mixed with household waste. Of all risk components, vulnerability has been the least addressed in the literature, because technical aspects such as hazard modelling predominate in this field. Most of the publications have studied the final disposal stage, given that open dumpsites and landfills are still the most common methods for disposing of solid waste. Finally, a reference framework is proposed.


Madame Legros was a Parisian woman of the middling class who successfully campaigned for the liberation in 1784 of Latude, a man who had spent more than thirty years in various French jails, under the system of ??lettres de cachet?? (permitting imprisonment without trial). ?This paper sets out her personal and family history before locating her action in the collective context of women's engagement in public affairs. It suggests a new perspective on the underlying reasons for her campaign, in the light of the way it was interpreted by contemporaries, as well as in later years after the Revolution.


For a transaction to require notification to the Competition Commission two elements must be satisfied. First, the proposed transaction must fall within the definition of a "merger" as defined in s12 of the Competition Act (89 of 1998, as amended). Second, the relevant financial thresholds, as prescribed by Government Notice No. 254 of 2001, must be met.


More and more healthcare data are becoming readily available nowadays. These data can help the healthcare professionals and patient themselves to better understand the patient status and potentially lead to improved care quality. However, the analysis of these data are challenging because they are large-scale and heterogeneous, high-dimensional and sparse, temporal but irregularly sampled. In this paper, we propose a method called Double Core Memory Networks (DCMN) to integrate information from different modalities of the longitudinal patient data and learn a joint patient representation effective for downstream analytical tasks such as risk prediction. DCMN is designed not only to disentangle the temporal and non-linear intra-modal dependencies for the data within each modality but also to capture the long-term inter-modal interactions. DCMN models are the end-to-end memory networks with two external memory cores where each modality of data is compressed and stored. Each memory core has an information-flow controller named query to interact with an external memory module. In addition, we incorporate a gating mechanism into basic DCMN model to perform dynamic regulation of memory interaction. DCMN models have multiple computational layers (hops) allowing data of different modalities interacting with each other recurrently along with a mechanism of alternating access of external memory for each memory core hop-by-hop. We evaluate DCMN models on two outcome prediction tasks, including a mortality prediction on the public Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database and a cost prediction on the Hospital Quality Monitoring System (HQMS) dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our DCMN models are more competitive over the baseline methods in the multimodal prediction setting.


Time-encoding of continuous-time signals is an alternative sampling paradigm to conventional methods such as Shannon's sampling. In time-encoding, the signal is encoded using a sequence of time instants where an event occurs, and hence fall under event-driven sampling methods. Time-encoding can be designed agnostic to the global clock of the sampling hardware, which makes sampling asynchronous. Moreover, the encoding is sparse. This makes time-encoding energy efficient. However, the signal representation is nonstandard and in general, nonuniform. In this paper, we consider time-encoding of finite-rate-of-innovation signals, and in particular, periodic signals composed of weighted and time-shifted versions of a known pulse. We consider encoding using both crossing-time-encoding machine (C-TEM) and integrate-and-fire time-encoding machine (IF-TEM). We analyze how time-encoding manifests in the Fourier domain and arrive at the familiar sum-of-sinusoids structure of the Fourier coefficients that can be obtained starting from the time-encoded measurements via a suitable linear transformation. Thereafter, standard FRI techniques become applicable. Further, we extend the theory to multichannel time-encoding such that each channel operates with a lower sampling requirement. We also study the effect of measurement noise, where the temporal measurements are perturbed by additive noise. To combat the effect of noise, we propose a robust optimization framework to simultaneously denoise the Fourier coefficients and estimate the annihilating filter accurately. We provide sufficient conditions for time-encoding and perfect reconstruction using C-TEM and IF-TEM, and furnish extensive simulations to substantiate our findings.


: The addition of Pt (0.1 wt%Pt) to the 2 wt%Ag / Al 2 O 3 -WOx catalyst improved the C 3 H 8 – Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO assisted by H 2 and widened the range of the operation window. During H 2 –C 3 H 8 –SCR of NO, the bimetallic Pt–Ag catalyst showed two maxima in conversion: 80% (at 130 ◦ C) and 91% (between 260 and 350 ◦ C). This PtAg bimetallic catalyst showed that it could combine the catalytic properties of Pt at low temperature, with the properties of Ag / Al 2 O 3 at high temperature. These PtAg catalysts were composed of Ag + , Ag n δ + clusters, and PtAg nanoparticles. The catalysts were characterized by Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) / Energy Dispersed X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and N 2 physisorption. The PtAg bimetallic catalysts were able to chemisorb H 2 . The dispersion of Pt in the bimetallic catalysts was the largest for the catalyst with the lowest Pt / Ag atomic ratio. Through SEM, mainly spherical clusters smaller than 10 nm were observed in the PtAg catalyst. There were about 32% of particles with size equal or below 10 nm. The PtAg bimetallic catalysts produced NO 2 in the intermediate temperature range as well as some N 2 O. The yield to N 2 O was proportional to the Pt / Ag atomic ratio and reached 8.5% N 2 O. WOx stabilizes Al 2 O 3 at temperatures ≥ 650 ◦ C, and also stabilizes Pt when it is reduced in H 2 at high temperature (800 ◦ C).


Riding and Habitus, a Short Bourdieusian Analysis: Social Class, Consumer and Sport Market. The horseback riding, nearly 120 years after the first edition of the seminal "The Theory of Leisure Class", continues to be a sport, perhaps the only one left, full of references to relevant symbolic forms of social stratification no longer so obvious, like in past time, but still very present in contemporary societies. In this paper, starting from veblenian study, we try first a possible actualization through a brief bourdieusian rereading, and then we focus on the field of the sport in terms of impact on the perception of the model socially related to this sport and, above all, of the characteristics of integrative models of underlying consumption styles. The purpose of the work is to suggest – confirming the bourdieusiana well known argument – that rebuilding the space of objective relations in which the agent is acting defines its position in the social space. Consumption patterns, even sporty, return this field reflexively contributing to the system's definition of underlying relationships.


2-{3-(4-Substitutedbenzyl)-4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl}-N ′ -(arylmethylene)acetohydrazides (5a-g), 4-amino-2-{3-(4-substitutedbenzyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1yl}-N ′ -(arylmethylene)acetohydrazides (6a,b), and 4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-5-(4-substitutedbenzyl)-2-{[5(phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones (8a,b) were synthesized starting from 4-alkyl-5-(4-substitutedbenzyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones (2a-c) by several steps and their structures were well characterized by elemental analyses, IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, and mass spectral studies. They were also screened for their microbial activities. The obtained antimicrobial activity results revealed that 12 among the 24 compounds tested displayed variable growth inhibition effects on the tested grampositive and gram-negative bacterial strains. None of the compounds showed antifungal activity against yeast-like fungi.


This Threats to information resources require information security management policies in every agency. The Information Security Index (KAMI Index) is one of the methods developed by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, used to evaluate the maturity level, completeness of ISO/IEC 27001:2013 implementation and information security readyness. As a national zakat institution, XYZ Organization has utilized information technology in several systems, including the budgeting system. However, the information security index has never been measured. This condition may result in the risk of threats to information security, so it is necessary to measure. The Budgeting System needs to be measured using KAMI Index 4.1. The assessment criteria are carried out on seven categories to know how the quality of the information security policy is. The results of this assessment, XYZ organization gets an electronic system score is 17, governance 75, risk management 30, framework 31, asset management 37, ICT 38, securing third party involvement 40%, service security 20%, personal data protection 27% so the total score of 5 categories is 211 or at level I+ to II. This organization has started implement the framework at early stage and has not met the initial requirements for ISO/IEC 27001:2013 certification.


The article is devoted to framing in pedagogical research. The frame is viewed as a hierarchy, which combines all the aspects of the phenomenon in question. Author compares the frame and supporting outline and shows the advantages of the former due to its semantic capacity and stereotype. The mechanism of frame alignment is reviewed as a combination of bridging, amplification, extension, transformation.


Automatic disease inference is of significance to overcome any issues between what online health seekers with strange side effects need and what occupied human doctor with one-sided aptitude can offer. In any case, precisely and productively surmising infections is non-trivial, particularly for group based health administrations because of the vocabulary crevice, fragmented information, related medicinal ideas, and constrained brilliant preparing tests. In this paper, we first report a client study on the information needs of health seekers as far as inquiries and afterward select those that request conceivable illnesses of their showed side effects for further explanatory. We next propose a novel profound learning plan to deduce the conceivable maladies given the inquiries of health seekers. The proposed plan involves two key parts. The principal all around mines the separate restorative marks from crude components. The second esteems the crude elements and their marks as information nodes in one layer and hidden nodes in the ensuing layer, individually. Then, it takes in the between relations between these two layers by means of preparing with pseudo labeled data. Taking after that, the shrouded hubs serve as crude elements for the more theoretical mark mining. With incremental and option rehashing of these two parts, our plan fabricates an inadequately joined deep architecture with three hidden layers. By and large, it well fits particular errands with calibrating. Broad trials on a certifiable dataset named by online specialists demonstrate the noteworthy execution additions of our plan.


Categorical combinators form a formal system similar to Curry's combinatory logic. The original system was developed by Curien, inspired by the equivalence of the theories of typed λ‐calculus and Cartesian closed categories, as shown by Lambek and Scott. A new system for categorical combinators was introduced by the author. This system uses a more compact notation for the code and needs a smaller set of rewriting rules.


In wind power generation, the power curve can reflect the overall power generation performance of a wind turbine. How to make the power curve have high precision and be easy to interpret is a hot research topic.

Because the current power curve modeling method is not comprehensive in feature selection, the simplified model and state curve of a wind turbine are introduced to avoid feature selection and make the model interpret easily.

A power modeling method based on different working conditions is proposed. The wind turbine system is simplified into three physical models of blades, mechanical transmission and generator, and the energy transfer is expressed by mathematical expressions. The operation process of the wind turbine is divided into three phases: constant power (CP), constant speed (CS), and maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and the power expression of each phase is given after the analysis of state curves.

The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data of a 2MW wind turbine. The experimental results show that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) index of the proposed power modeling method based on state curve analysis is 11.56%, which indicates that the power prediction result of this method is better than that of the sixth-order polynomial regression method, whose MAPE is 13.88%.

The results show that the proposed method is feasible with high transparency and is interpreted easily.


This paper expounds some new requirements of university's positioning on the works of the library of Shanxi University, introduces the formation and development of the general/branch library system, analyzes the significance of the general/branch library system in library's innovative services, and from the aspects of the construction of personalized customization, the construction of subject system, the construction of platform and the construction of terminal route, probes into the measures for the construction of the general/branch library system.


e18681 Background: In 2022, there will be approximately 224,080 new cancer cases and 73,680 cancer deaths among Black individuals in the United States. Black people are disproportionately burdened by cancer due to higher incidence and mortality levels across multiple cancer types. Yet, their stories are underrepresented in media and the top podcasts for cancer education do not feature Black experts. We formed our podcast, The Onc Docs, to highlight the (under-told) stories of Black individuals with cancer and to provide education about cancer from Black patient survivors, patient advocates and oncologists.We sought to understand the current landscape of podcasts focused on the Black cancer experience & to assess public engagement with The Onc Docs across social media platforms. Methods: We conducted a search of "Black cancer" in Google, Spotify and Apple podcasts. Search engines were also utilized to identify podcasts with a focus on the Black cancer experience. Finally, we reviewed our publicly available listener and follower statistics. Results: At least 12 podcasts on the Black cancer experience were identified with the majority available on Google Podcasts. Seven of the twelve podcasts focused on breast cancer in Black women while two podcasts discussed prostate cancer and one featured brain tumors. Two podcasts (17%) published episodes for one or more years. The remaining podcasts (n = 10) were in existence for an average of 3 months. Three podcasts had published an episode in 2022. Since starting our podcast in September 2020, we have 958 Twitter followers and 400 followers on Instagram. According to Spotify, from 2021-2022, our podcast was heard in 4 countries, increased 87% in streams, 40% in listeners and 235% in hours spent listening to our episodes. On Google Podcasts, we have 4 subscribers. Each month, about 100 unique visitors navigate to our website. Conclusions: Podcasts on the Black cancer experience are needed especially those with a focus apart from breast cancer. Prior podcasts may lack longevity due to a lack of financial and infrastructural support needed to sustain a podcast. In the past year, our work has garnered attention from the general public and gained traction with patient advocacy and scientific associations like Black in Cancer, Cancer Research UK, and Touch Breast Cancer. However, additional efforts & support are needed to ensure consistent creation and delivery of episodes. For instance, we can utilize Facebook, the largest social media platform, to expand our reach. With future growth, we will be able to access data analytic tools to determine the demographic breakdown of our audience and if we are reaching Black listeners.


Signal exchange among the ground control equipment of certain navigation computer and other equipments is analyzed in this paper.Based on virtual instrument,a new control system for certain type navigation computer is de- signed and realized.The system has all functions of the ground control equipment.


A survey of the capital cost needed to comply with air pollution regulations in California is given. Steam generation is considered as heavy oil production requires steam stimulation in oil production. Capital and annual costs are estimated for applicable control systems. 5 refs.


CONTEXT
Current guidelines do not include an upper age cutoff for colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy. Although the prevalence of colonic neoplasia increases with age, life expectancy decreases. Thus, the benefit of screening colonoscopy in very elderly patients may be limited.

OBJECTIVE
To compare estimated life-years saved with screening colonoscopy in very elderly vs younger persons.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Cross-sectional study conducted among 1244 asymptomatic individuals in 3 age groups (50-54 years [n = 1034], 75-79 years [n = 147], and > or =80 years [n = 63]) who underwent screening colonoscopy at a US teaching hospital and clinic.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Prevalence of various types of colon neoplasia; estimated gain in life expectancy, calculated as life expectancy--(life expectancy during polyp lag time + life expectancy after colorectal cancer diagnosis); and comparison of mean gain in life expectancy across the 3 groups. Life expectancy and mortality data were derived from life tables, previous studies, and national databases.

RESULTS
The prevalence of neoplasia was 13.8% in the 50- to 54-year-old group, 26.5% in the 75- to 79-year-old group, and 28.6% in the group aged 80 years or older. Despite higher prevalence of neoplasia in elderly patients, mean extension in life expectancy was much lower in the group aged 80 years or older than in the 50- to 54-year-old group (0.13 vs 0.85 years). In sensitivity analysis, with longer polyp lag times the mean extension in life expectancy decreased more in the elderly than in the younger patients; alternatively, if it was assumed that a smaller proportion of adenomas progress to colorectal cancer, the mean extension in life expectancy decreased less in the elderly than in the younger patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Even though prevalence of neoplasia increases with age, screening colonoscopy in very elderly persons (aged > or =80 years) results in only 15% of the expected gain in life expectancy in younger patients. Screening colonoscopy in very elderly patients should be performed only after careful consideration of potential benefits, risks, and patient preferences.


A particular concern in Danish higher education policy is how much time students spend studying, often addressed as 'study intensity' (defined as number of hours per week spent studying). This article discusses this concept and explores how students perceive the time they spend studying. We draw on ethnographic fieldwork, interviews and workshops among second-year students at four study programmes at a Danish research-intensive university: two in natural sciences, one in humanities, and one in social sciences. We found that students live their lives across different realms where only some relate to their university studies. The students continuously balanced their time between different activities and requirements. While students studied following time schedules, they also expressed a qualitative perception of time, for example, distinguishing between the work effort and the mental effort they put into studying. Spending time on study activities therefore does not necessarily mean investing mental, qualitative time. The emphasis on 'study intensity', and time as quantity in higher education policy and in student-engagement surveys fails to capture what drives students' study practices, and policy measures run the risk of being detrimental to the study quality.


INTRODUCTION: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is neurotoxic in animals but few studies have investigated its effects on the human brain. Related dioxin-like compounds have been linked to...


The theory of the frequency-domain optical flicker spectroscopy of erythrocytes is considered. The modified plane bending model of the flicker is developed. It takes into account the discrete spectrum of membrane bending modes; the influence of cell shape on the flicker spectrum; the viscosity of surrounding medium; and the distortion of the intrinsic shape of the flicker spectrum by the instrumental function of the measuring optical set-up. The results of two other (spherical) flicker models also are analyzed. The theory is compared with the flicker spectra measured from single human erythrocytes using two microphotometric techniques: the phase contrast and the backward laser light scattering.


An automated rapid chemistry system has been used to isolate enriched sources of 12.4-min /sup 133/Te /sup g/ from mixed fission products via the sequence /sup 133/Sb(..beta..)/sup 133/ Te /sup g/. In addition, pure sources of /sup 133/ Te/sup g/ were obtained by using the reduction of Te/sup VI/ to Te/sup IV/ during the isomeric decay of /sup 133/Te/sup m/. Singles, Compton suppression singles, and ..gamma..-..gamma.. coincidence Ge(Li) spectra were used to identify approximately 210 ..gamma.. rays from the decay of /sup 133/Te/sup g/. This information was used to establish 38 levels below 3000 keV in /sup 133/I. Cluster-vibration model calculations have been carried out for the Z = 53 nucleus /sup 133/I. The calculated level structure and transition probabilities are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.


Acute ammonia toxicity was investigated in four developmental stages of the juvenile ide, Leuciscus idus: 1, 10, 20 and 30 days after the first feeding. Mean (±SD) total length of the larvae was 8.5 ± 0.3, 15.7 ± 0.7, 23.0 ± 2.0 and 29.7 ± 2.0 mm, and standard weight was 1.6 ± 0.3, 9.2 ± 5.5, 94.9 ± 31.0 and 196.0 ± 31.7 mg, respec- tively. The larvae used for toxicity tests were reared in the experimental, closed recircu- lating system. Groups of fishes (n from 7 to 10; in respect of fish size) were exposed to the ammonium chloride solutions in 1-L glass units. Water temperature was 25 ± 0.1 C for both the rearing and the toxicity tests. pH was not adjusted and ranged between 8.4 and 8.7. The ammonium chloride solutions were renewed every 12 h. At the same time, dead larvae were counted and removed, and the pH and temperature measurements were taken. Each acute toxicity test duration was 96 h, and lethal concentration LC1 ,L C 50 and LC99 values were calculated for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The susceptibility of the ide larvae to ammonia decreased linearly with age up to 20th day and surprisingly increased during the next 10 days. The LC50 (48 h) values ranged from 0.27 mg L -1 of unionized ammonia nitrogen for 1 day after the first feeding (AFF) larvae to 1.42 mg L -1 at day 20 after first feeding. The LC50 (48 h) for 30 days AFF was as high as 0.67 mg L -1 . The critical level of the unionized ammonia nitrogen for ide larvae was suggested as 0.21 mg L -1 .


What are the strategies used by federal inspectors general to facilitate improvedgovernmentperformance? Kathryn E. Newcomer surveyed IG officials about their efforts to assess governmentperformance. While uncovering variations in individual agency strategies, Newcomerfound similarities among IG officials regarding what they think they do and why they think they do it. Both auditors and evaluators, says Newcomer, believe they play an important role in improving their agenciesperformance, and they take advantage of opportunities available to them whenever they arise. The evolution of the Office of Inspector General (OIG) in the federal agencies has attracted much attention during the last ten years. Recent observers have pointed to the increased use of performance audits by IG offices, and the highly visible use of inspections by the OIG at the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as signals that the programmatic focus of the auditing community is merging with that of the program evaluation community (Light, 1993; Thompson and Yessian, 1991; Hendricks, Mangano, and Moran, 1990). Some observers have applauded this, while others have highlighted the crucial differences in the approaches and perspectives taken by the two, previously quite separate, communities.


The hydrodynamic properties of convective motions in a stratified atmosphere suggest that the supergranules in the solar photosphere extend to depths in excess of their horizontal diameters. The calculations presented here show that the weak fields which appear at the photosphere are as strong as, or stronger than, the horizontal fields anywhere in the supergranules below the surface. Hence the general 10 to 100 gauss azimuthal field of the sun, whose presence is indicated by the emerging bipolar magnetic regions, must lie below the base of the supergranules, i.e., below a depth probably of the order of 20,000 to 50,000 km. Presumably then the azimuthal field is generated by nonuniform rotation below the supergranule convection and does not appear in the supergranule layer because of the high rate of turbulent diffusion loss from that layer.


Abstract : This paper briefly examines de Gaulle's practice of statecraft in restoring some of France's influence in world politics and national prestige to his compatriots. It also speculates on what his long-term impact on France was by asking the question: "Where would France be today without de Gaulle?" Section I, France before 1958, focuses on the following: Fourth Republic Failures: Chaos in Government, Loss of Prestige and Pride; Diminished Role in World Affairs; and Nostalgic Remnants: Empire, Colonies, European Power. Section II, France under de Gaulle, examines the Refusal of Atlantic Assumptions, Reassertion of European Primacy, and Reaction of Allies. Sections III through VI are as follows: Impact of de Gaulle's Policies, France without de Gaulle, Could the de Gaulle Model Help the United States?, and Conclusion.


Abstract In media-centered democracies, political TV interviews can reveal a lot about the relationship between journalists and politicians. However, knowledge about these formats during non-election times is lacking. Against this background, this study aims to generate insights about specific conversation strategies, the staging of politics, and agenda control in a long-term comparison, and to link them with media logic, which has been identified as a factor that shapes agenda-setting strategies in related contexts. Following a static-dynamic approach, a quantitative content analysis was conducted for all statements (N=19,108) from 125 episodes of a specific Austrian interview format in a one-on-one setting broadcast between 1981 and 2016. Regarding the number of statements in which a newly introduced topic is discussed as a measure for agenda control, specific conversation strategies were identified that contribute to a stronger position for journalists. Moreover, specific aspects of media logic help to introduce and anchor a new topic, although their success varies over the decades.


Techniques for marking or tagging explosives, propellants, and precursor chemicals–chemicals which can be used to manufacture explosives and propellants–are discussed. The history of taggant technology and the effectiveness of various techniques are discussed. Several detection and identification taggant concepts are identified including electromagnetic radiation, immunochemical assays, DNA, rare-earth elements, and isotopic labeling. Detection technologies for detecting tagged and untagged explosives, propellants, and precursor chemicals pre-blast and post-blast are identified. Technical and management issues associated with implementing a taggant program are reviewed. Potential "stakeholder" groups are identified and their positions are discussed in terms of the present direction of taggant work. Projections of the deterrent effect of taggants on the ability of terrorists to inflict their will through the use of lethal force are also postulated. Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.


Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported (notifiable) bacterial enteric disease in Alberta, Canada. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Campylobacter species in retail ground beef based on a survey of 60 stores (four supermarket chains, three cities) in southern Alberta. None of the 1,200 retail lean and regular ground beef packages were culture positive. Direct PCR results from a subset of samples (n = 142) indicated that 46% of packages tested were positive for Campylobacter DNA. By species, 14.8% (21/142), 26.8% (38/142) and 1.4% (2/142) of packages were PCR positive for C. jejuni, C. coli and C. hyointestinalis DNA, respectively. The presence of campylobacters varied depending on the dates of collection. However, type of package (regular or lean), whether the store cut/packaged poultry in the meat department, type of meat used as the beef source (market trim, coarse grind tubes or a combination of these), whether meat portions were previously frozen, and package weight were not associated with the odds of finding Campylobacter spp. DNA by use of PCR. The high levels of Campylobacter DNA in the beef suggest that breaks in food safety protocols within slaughter plants, processors or grocery stores could have potentially important public health repercussions.


Practical test items were analyzed to extend the existing scoring method for boat operator licenses to an electronic scoring method. We have attempted to digitize the method within the current practical test system scope and have developed an electronic scoring system using LiDAR sensors and WAVE communication. The results of the study are as follows; the first, the scoring data entered into the LiDAR and examiner score device on the boat were transferred from an integrated processing unit to a land control center through WAVE communication. The system was constructed and verified to store and manage examinee data. Second, when testing the meandering task, accurate distance measurement was achieved by using LiDAR instead of visually observing the stick (3 m), and an accurate distance was displayed through the examiner score device quickly. Finally, we confirmed that it is possible to smoothly transmit and process the WAVE communication used to transfer the score data acquired from the boat to the monitoring center at a high speed without loss.


Delafossites, with a unique combination of electrical conductivity and optical transparency constitute an important class of materials with their wide range of applications in different fields. In this article, we review the high pressure studies on copper based semiconducting delafossites with special emphasis on their structural and vibrational properties by synchrotron based powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements. Though all the investigated compounds undergo pressure induced structural phase transition, the structure of high pressure phase has been reported only for CuFeO2. Based on X-ray diffraction data, one of the common features observed in all the studied compounds is the anisotropic compression of cell parameters in ambient rhombohedral structure. Ambient pressure bulk modulus obtained by fitting the pressure volume data lies between 135 to 200 GPa. Two allowed Raman mode frequencies Eg and A1g are observed in all the compounds in ambient phase with splitting of Eg mode at the transition except for CuCrO2 where along with splitting of Eg mode, A1g mode disappears and a strong mode appears which softens with pressure. Observed transition pressure scales exponentially with radii of trivalent cation being lowest for CuLaO2 and highest for CuAlO2. The present review will help materials researchers to have an overview of the subject and reviewed results are relevant for fundamental science as well as possessing potential technological applications in synthesis of new materials with tailored physical properties.


............................................................................................................................ III CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the Study ............................................................................... 1 1.2. Research Justification .................................................................................... 5 1.3. Purpose of the Research .............................................................................. 10 1.4. Research Questions: .................................................................................... 10 1.5. Research Methodology ................................................................................ 11 1.6. Thesis Structure ........................................................................................... 13 1.7. Summary ..................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................... 17 2.


Progesterone receptor (PR) signalling is involved in the secretory transformation of the endometrial lining of the uterus. Antagonising this process may prove to be a beneficial treatment for gynaecological disorders. Here, we describe the pharmacological properties of both a steroidal and non-steroidal PR antagonist, RU-486 and PF-2413873 (4-{[3-Cyclopropyl-1-(mesylmethyl)-5-methyl1H-pyrazol-4-yl]oxy}-2,6-dimethylbenzonitrile respectively, in in vitro and in vivo assays.


Abstract:Voice pedagogy literature often draws a parallel between a doctor's ability to diagnose illness and prescribe treatment and a voice teacher's ability to identify vocal obstacles and design solutions. The core of these parallel procedures is an ability to utilize critical reasoning skills within highly specific contexts. Medical literature describes this as "clinical reasoning," and students of medicine study it as a learned and systematic process. In contrast, voice pedagogy literature has traditionally described it as an innate process that is developed through studio experience. This article broadly examines the ways in which medical literature has broken down clinical reasoning into specific cognitive processes and proposes a model through which these processes can be adapted to the needs of developing voice teachers. An emphasis is given to the development of intuition and empathy from teacher to singer, as well as a reexamination of how voice teachers interact with voice literature and research.


OTFS technology is attracting much attention due to its strong adaptability to high-speed mobility and high spectrum efficiency. Studies show that applying deep learning (DL) to traditional communication systems significantly improves their performance. To this end, this paper proposes an AI-aid OTFS receiver to enhance the performance of OTFS systems in high-speed mobile communication scenarios. The proposed receiver employs two networks - a channel estimation network called TFNet and a decoding network called RecovNet. In the channel estimation module, TFNet performs more accurate channel estimation based on the results of traditional channel estimation methods. In the decoding module, RecovNet decodes the signal based on the equalized signals. To validate the superiority of our proposed receiver, we conduct comparative testing with a traditional receiver under the integer Doppler channel. The experimental results demonstrate that integrating DL technology in OTFS systems effectively enhances their performance.


All natural-parity states of /sup 18/O have been studied with high accuracy with the /sup 14/C(/sup 7/Li, t..gamma..)/sup 18/O coincidence and /sup 14/C(..cap alpha..,..gamma..)/sup 18/O radiative-capture reactions. The four-particle, two-hole 0/sub 2//sup +/, 1/sup -/, 2/sub 3//sup +/, and 3/sub 3//sup -/ states deexcite with consecutive enhanced E1 and E2 crossover transitions having B(E1)approx. =10/sup -2/ Weisskopf units (W.u.) and B(E2)approx. =20 W.u. These data suggest the existence of an ..cap alpha..+ /sup 14/C dipole band in /sup 18/O similar to those discussed recently by Iachello and Jackson.


The female condom received criticisms and ridicule in the US when it debuted in 1994. However in the developing world the UN AIDS Program has recently turned to the female condom with utmost seriousness because it not only prevents pregnancy but can also prevent transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Under a new UNAIDS initiative to promote the female condom the cost has been lowered and African nations this year have bought millions of devices in the hope of slowing the spread of the AIDS virus that has devastated their population. Public officials find that when the female condom is offered as an option along with the male condom more people act to protect themselves. Moreover in promoting the female condom internationally the Female Health Company and international family planning organizations have found differences in cultural attitudes toward sexuality and male-female relations. In Bolivia for instance women alone are the target and the goal is "empowerment" showing women that they have options and choices within the context of their sexual relations with men.


It was evening when we arrived at the front yard of the house. Some older women were seating there, others were cooking nearby. We were asked to sit on a carpet on the ground and a basket was given to us; it contained leaves of betel and slices of areca nuts. I took one leaf and a piece of a nut and rolled it inside the leaf as I saw others doing before. At the end, I put a bit of lime that was given to me by an old smiling lady. I put it in my mouth and a striking feeling of bitter and warm seized my mouth. At this moment, a House member, a young man in his thirties, gently nodded and said: this is the beginning of the relationship... and briefly explained the role of betel and areca chewing on any social occasion, to strengthen relationships, either between single encounters or, as on that occasion, at House 24 rituals, to salute family, friends or newcomers. After some time of resting and talking, we were invited to enter the sacred house.


('sto'rases constitute a family of enzymes vith (overlapping substrate specificity. It is interesting that the l)articular ester substrate selected! for usc' ill a histochemical ('nzVme procedure has relatively little effect upon the observed distribution oof this group of enzymes in tissues arid organs. In a few' instances, however, differences have been ol)served wilich relate to the particular substrate used! (2, 3, 5). The application of histochemical enzymo' methods to proteins following their dcctrophoretic separation in paper (7) or starch gel (4, 6) provides us 'ith a method which can be used t(I investigate the substrate specificity of in(lividual esterases. The purpose of this investigation is to compare tile substrate specificity of 30 esterase substrates using mouse liver as the source of esterases. In addition, kidney, epididymis, and skin of the mouse are demonstrated with certain esterase substrates. The phosphatase activity in kidney afl(l liver using tw'o phosphate esters as sui)strates is dlemonstrated. Two phosphatases are shown to he present in the prostate gland!.


In this short communication, we describe a state of the art accuracy detection (polygraph) method, available at Converus.com. It is estimated to detect truthfulness (falseness) with 88% (86%) probability respectfully. While lie detection methods are not admissible in adjudicating guilt in criminal cases, this technology can be used to provide important ancillary information to those trying to fairly resolve disputes. We shall provide three examples: i. Helping Human Resources Departments resolve sexual harassment complaints in the MeToo# era; ii. Screening jailhouse informants in criminal procedures; and iii. Assessing unanimous guilty verdicts in capital murder cases, where jury deliberations took a very long time to achieve. These three applications should be viewed as examples of collaborations amongst those involved in important adjudication, experts in accuracy detection, and applied statisticians and biostatisticians, Other applications are encouraged.


Importance: The accuracy of novel devices enabling remote physical examination (PE) of patients has not been clinically established. Objective: In this study we sought to evaluate the performance of a remote-based diagnostic tool enabling PE as compared to the standard PE. Design: A prospective study of a convenience sample. Setting: The emergency department (ED) of a university affiliated, tertiary, pediatric facility between July 2016 and January 2017. Participants: Children aged 2-18 years referred to the ED. Intervention: Eligible patients underwent PE of the heart, lungs, ears and throat by a single physician using a remote device (RD), and data captured got stored on a cloud-based server and later interpreted by a single EDA physician. Upon completion of the RD examination, a standard PE was held by an ED attending (EDA) physician and results were documented in the hospital electronic medical records. All physicians were blinded to each other PEs. The quality of the data retrieved, user satisfaction and RD adverse events were also recorded. Outcome measures: The agreement between the RD and standard PE results served as the main outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were the quality of the data retrieved and user satisfaction of the RD. Results: The cohort included 138 children (59% male) of mean age 8.1±5 years. Analysis of the agreement between the remote device and conventional examinations yielded the following kappa values: heart, 0.674; right lung, 1.000; left lung 1.000; right ear, 0.467; left ear, 0.725; and throat 0.796. The average scores for quality of the data were as follows: heart, 4.94; right lung, 4.35; left lung, 4.31; right ear, 3.93; left ear, 4.00; and throat, 4.93. The corresponding average scores for user satisfaction with the remote device experience were 4.95, 3.92, 4.10, 4.64, 4.76 and 4.77. No adverse events were recorded. Conclusions and Relevance: Remote device assisted PE of children presenting to the ED appears to be efficient and safe, with overall good agreement of the results with the standard PE. Further research is required to establish its role as part of a routine telehealth visit and its performance when used by non-professional persons. Citation: Sharabi A, Somekh I, Waisman Y (2020) Advances in Telemedicine: Remote Vs. Conventional Physical Examination. Emerg Med Inves 5: 10102. DOI: 10.29011/2475-5605.010102 2 Volume 5; Issue 01 Emerg Med Inves, an open access journal ISSN: 2475-5605


Performance represents the degree of accomplishment of the tasks that define the position occupied by an employee. It refers to the contribution that employees make to meeting the goals of the organization. Work performance is the direct result of the employee's effort, influenced by his abilities and by the perception (understanding) of his tasks. Therefore, the performance can be seen as being closely related to the effort made by the employee, his abilities, the perception of the place and role of the position or within the organization.