As surfactants dissolve in water, a melange of dynamical microstructures form. They are non-equilibrium phases consisting of myelins, which are microstructurally complex, snake-like, multi-lamellar tubules. They are of particular interest in biological systems as they are manifest in surfactants of natural origin like phosphatidylcholine (PC). Other surfactants of limited solubility like Aerosol-OT (AOT) also exhibit myelin formation. Dynamic phases like myelins are interesting media for use as micro reactors for chemical reactions, especially for precipitation of inorganic nanoparticles and microparticulates like calcium carbonate and metallic sliver. An interesting observation in these systems is the reactive organization of the particles at macroscopic length scales. A microscopic study of this phenomenon together with the dynamics of myelins, indicates that the mechanism of water transport in these phases during their dynamical growth may be responsible for this effect, and may be useful to exploit in nanoparticle self assembly.


A method of accelerating learning in recurrent neural networks is described. To activate and use connections, a complexity term defined by an equation was added to a standard quadratic error function. In experiments, a method was used in which a derivative of the complexity term was normally effective for positive connections, while negative connections were pushed toward smaller values. Thus, some connections were expected to be activated and were large enough to speed up learning. It was confirmed that the complexity term was effective in increasing the variance of the connections, especially the hidden connections. It was also confirmed that eventually some connections, especially some hidden connections, were activated and were large enough to be used in speeding up learning.<<ETX>>


Objective: To explore the levels of serum and ascitic fluid soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-p55 (sTNFR-p55) and understand their clinical implication in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the levels of sTNFR-p55 in the serum and ascitic fluid in 25 HCC patients and 25 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). The test was also performed on the serum of 30 healthy subjects who served as control group. To assess the clinical effects of increased serum concentrations of sTNFR-p55, four parameters were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Serum and ascitic fluid levels of sTNFR-p55 in HCC patients were significantly higher than those in LC patients and controls (P=0. 001). No significant difference was found between serum sTNFR-p55 levels in the latter 2 groups (P = 0. 19), and positive correlation between serum levels of sTNFR-p55 and that in ascitic fluid was noted in the 2 patient groups (r=1. 000, P0. 001). Levels of the sTNFR-p55 positively correlated with TBIL and AFP in the peripheral blood of HCC patients (r=0. 524, P = 0. 01 and r=0. 234, P = 0. 03, respectively). Conclusion: Increased levels of sTNFRs-p55 in the serum and ascitic fluid could reflect the abnormal immune status of the HCC patients and may help predict the development of the tumor.


The preparation and synthesis in recent years of a variety of chenlically pure crystalline substances, having the properties of the naturally occurring sex hormones, has provided a more direct method of attack on the problems of sex differentiation than has been available hitherto. The administration of exact dosages of standard preparations is replacing the use of' cruder extracts standardized in units which have different values according l o the manner of preparation, the form investigated, and the particular structure used as a test object. Since these substances (and their various compounds) represent sex hormones in the forms in which they have been recovered from tlie tissues or body fluids of mammals, it is naturally of interest to try out their specific effects and relative potencies 011 the various parts of the developing reproductive systems of lower vertebradcs. This program has ahead? been nndertalren extensively in the incubating chick. The first experiments of this type were carried out by Kozelka and Gallagher ( '341, but subsequently t'he most complete analyses of the field and the problems raised are those of TVillier, Gallagher and Roch ( '35, ' 37 )? Wolff and Ginglinger ( '37), and Willier ( '37). The findings with respect to several liormones, indicate on the ivholc a specific action


Sometime in 2006 we embarked on a journey to establish a focused, accurate and well-respected scientific publication to reflect the excitement, opportunities as well as the scepticism and potential risks surrounding the newly fledged sub-field of nanomedicine. Almost 3 years later both the Editors and the Publishers of this journal are all delighted to see Nanomedicine at the publishing forefront of the field, with very rapid acceptances in most bibliographic search engines including PubMed and the ISI Science Citation Index and a very respectable first Impact Factor of 2.818. That numerically places our journal in the top-10 tier of journals with highest impact factors (number 9 out of 47) in the ISI Subject Category 'NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY' and on number 38 out of 138 journals listed in the ISI Subject Category 'BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY'.


Police and judiciary officials are repeatedly being confronted with individuals exhibiting more or less the behavior reactions that are evidently the stigmata of paranoia. These reactions may be accompanied by a peculiar "paranoid personality" on the one hand, in which an individual becomes a pest of the community and police by chronically causing complaints with little or no foundation, and the individual with systematic delusions with which may be present other types of mental aberration. Here belongs the killing type with intermediate threatening types and those due to traumatic and toxic factors. The problem is a grave one since the causative factors are often latent. That the situation is serious can be seen from the frequency of the occurrence of these types among habitual offenders. Glueck estimated that the percentage of the middle-of-the-road or psychopathic inferiors belonging to the habitual anti-social group was 18.9 per cent. The paranoid type forms a large percentage of this group. The recognition and differentiation of these various types will not only stop a great deal of unnecessary work but may save property and life, since the chronic kicker, if unchecked, may develop into the killing type. The reason that so many of these individuals advance to the threatening of life and to murder is to be sought in the failure to recognize and differentiate. This failure arises from the faulty training of all those officials who may come in contact with the individual. Since complainants themselves, defendants, witnesses, jurors and others involved are not exempt from paranoid tendencies it is only natural that the true factors underlying the case remain hidden. If the police officer has been well trained in the handling of this type of case he at once recognizes the chronic kicker and knows how much importance to attach to his activities. Again he will be able to detect the delusional syndrome and, recognizing the menace to society, will either have him committed to an institution or will watch him carefully. Even if the officer possesses the necessary qualifications he is at once confronted by three important obstacles. The first is the usual opposition of the district attorney's office (the members of


This diploma thesis deals with communication and relations with customers of the company as means for rising competitiveness. From the view of CRM, the term customer contains suppliers as well as purchasers of the company. For more detailed analysis and instantiation of the project the thesis is aimed mainly at company's purchasers and end customers. The aim of this thesis is the analysis of communication with customers existing in the company Scoutdoor CZ, s.r.o. by now, its influence on competitiveness of this company. Another goal is to work out a concept for improvement of competitiveness and the position on the market. The analysis concerns means of communication with customers, especially web pages and electronic trading, competition on the market and the customer structure. By the help of the analysis I will evaluate the level of communication with customers and company's care of them. Further, I will identify the processes related to the customers, and by the analysis of these processes I will find out the options for increase in their effectiveness. In the conclusion I suggest the means convenient to more effective communication with customers and creating of valuable relations with them.


By writing a mixed formulation for a model of junctions of beams with a rigid hinge, we can calculate the derivative of costs, which are regular functions of the displacement. The design variable is the angle between the two beams. With a finite element code, used as a black box, we calculate an approximation of the derivative of the cost, called discretized continuous gradient, which, for a particular code in common use, is equal to the discreste gradient, used by ingeneers. Numerical results are good approximations of the analytical solution, calculated in a particular case. En utilisant une formulation mixte, on peut calculer la derivee exacte d'une fonctionnelle cout, j, dependant regulierement du deplacement d'un assemblage de deux poutres minces, reliees par une charniere rigide, la variable de conception etant l'angle φ entre les deux poutres. A l'aide d'un code elements finis considere comme une boite noire, on calcule une approximation, dite gradient continu discretise, de la derivee de j. On demontre l'egalite du gradient continu discretise avec le gradient discret, c'est-a-dire le gradient de la fonctionnelle approchee, calcule par les ingenieurs, pour un schema elements finis particulier mais tres usuel. Les resultats numeriques sont proches de la solution analytique, calculee dans un cas particulier


MEHA 2014 was organized by depar tment of Kayachikitsa, KLE University, (KLEU) Shri BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Belgaum on 14 March 2014. The conference was organized in the fond memory of Shri Basappanna Mallappanna Kankanawadi, founder of KLEU BMK Ayurved Mahavidyalaya. It was dedicated on the theme of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which was attended by post graduate scholars, researchers, practitioners, and teaching faculty from different institutes. More than 250 delegates from all over the country participated in this program.


Parents often make dosing errors when giving their children liquid medication, but switching to metric measurements, rather than teaspoons or tablespoons, can help prevent mistakes, according to a recent study.


In the last decades, concern for environmental conservation, especially desertification, has taken on an unprecedented significance. The advance of desertification has provoked the disappearance of tree cover, followed by the proliferation of scrub as an intermediate step in the final disappearance of vegetation cover. Scrub is found throughout the world, particularly in the Mediterranean Region, which includes such disparate regions as Chile, California, South Africa, Southern Europe, North Africa, the Near East and Southwestern Australia. This concern has led to a great number of studies of scrub. Of all the world's scrublands, perhaps the Mediterranean type has been traditionally the most exploited. The wide range of uses include gastronomy, chemicals, fauna, protection of the soil, and so forth. Since the time of antiquity, scrub has been cut and converted into a low caloric content charcoal (known in Spanish as cisco or picOn) for purely household use. The wood has been used as kindling for traditional baker's ovens, and roasting with labdanum (Cistus ladanife,) and brezos (Erica) as fuel etc. gives the meat a very particular smoked flavour. Other scrub species are used as kitchen spices (thyme, rosemary, oregano, ...), nuts (pistachios), and berries for fresh consumption or for jams (blackberry, redcurrant, . . Chemically, products from scrub have been used as mordants and essences in perfumery, and there are presently investigations of uses as biocides against certain pests and/or weeds whose development they impede via mechanisms of incompatibility or allelopathy. Also the genus Cytisus is currently under study for making high quality paper pulp, and scrub in general for electricity generation from its biomass. The existence of scrub in a given area protects the soil naturally against rain erosion. It reduces the flushing away of surface material and screens the soil from the direct impact of heavy rainfall. For this reason, labdanum has been introduced into the western United States to minimize erosion damage. The litterfall also provides a layer which favours soil creation, recycling nutrients which otherwise would be washed away. In addition to this, there is the protection that scrub affords to fauna, providing nesting cover for small birds (Fringillidae, Paridae, Silviidae, Turdidae,. . and micromammals, and refuge against predators for a wide range of small game (rabbit, hare, partridge, . . Traditionally, both trees and shrubs are usually cleared, decreasing the density of individuals (by controlled burning and cutting) and cutting back branches. The result is a population of trees that are well formed, upright, and at a medi


Objective: the purpose of the research was to study of different types of spinal inhibition when performing voluntary movements in persons doing increasing intensity graded physical exercises sports. Materials and methods: 45 male took part in the research. Presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents of soleus was evaluated using the technique of Y. Mizuno et al., nonreciprocal inhibition of α-motoneurons - by E. Pierrot-Deseilligny et al, and reciprocal inhibition of α-motoneurons - by C. Crone et al., in the state of relative muscular rest and during a 30-second isometric contraction with a force of 25% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) using the multijoint medical-diagnostic complex «Biodex». Results: it was established that weakening of inhibitory processes occurred in comparison with the state of relative muscular rest in the course of a 30-second isometric contraction; this pattern is related to the specificity of supraspinal excitatory and inhibitory effects on Ia and Ib interneurons in the spinal cord when performing a voluntary movement. The voluntary movement performed for 30 seconds was accompanied by an increased activity of the presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents of foot flexor, unlike reciprocal and nonreciprocal inhibition. Conclusions: the voluntary movement presynaptic inhibition must be actively regulating the excess afferent input to α-motoneurons of agonist and antagonist lower leg muscles, accelerating nonreciprocal and reciprocal inhibitory effects rendered on them, providing normal motor activity in man. New data derived from such research can be a theoretical basis for the study of physiological patterns of involvement of cortical and spinal neuronal inhibition networks underlying motor tasks of different complexity in athletes.


When we think of video games, we usually think of a combination of hardware and software: first we buy a system, and that system is used to play a number of different games. Everything we buy as end users is the result of a five-stage process: development, publishing, manufacturing, distribution, and retail (Williams 2002, 46). Software developers and publishers work together with hardware manufacturers to create a sustainable product ecosystem and market, if not without some disturbances.


Basing on the theories of random vibration and the two-dimensional wave equation analysis method and the dynamic element method,by using the impulse function method of structural stochastic earthquake responses analysis,and regarding the earthquake motion of ground as a Gauss stationary stochastic process,the stochastic earthquake responses of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway piers for various foundations and various frozen soils in the permafrost regions were analyzed,the mean values and standard deviations of the maximum responses were calculated,and the effects of the type of foundations and the frozen earth thickness on the stochastic characteristics of the pier earthquake responses were studied by comparing the stochastic earthquake responses under the various conditions.The results of an example show that the type of foundations and the frozen soils produce some obvious effects on the bridge piers earthquake responses,and the frozen soils have some positive roles on reducing the bridge piers earthquake responses.


Green resource allocation for relay-assisted DS/CDMA interference channels is considered in this paper. A non-cooperative game-theoretic approach is taken, according to which each user is selfishly interested in maximizing his own energy efficiency, measured in bit/Joule and denoting the number of error-free delivered bits for each energy-unit used for transmission. Several non-cooperative games are proposed and theoretically analyzed, and simulation results are provided to confirm the theoretical findings and show that the use of advanced data detection strategies can bring huge performance gains to the energy efficiency of relay-assisted interference channels.


DA-MLAR is an extension of multi-path location aided routing (MLAR) with directional antenna capability. DA-MLAR minimizes the protocol overhead of reactive routing protocols. The extension not only further reduces MLAR's protocol overhead, but also improves the packet delivery ratio and the end-to-end delay. This is because the long radio transmission range obtained using directional antenna can avoid network partitions so as to reduce the number of rebroadcasts and cut down on the number of routing hops. Through simulations, we demonstrate that MLAR with directional antenna reduces protocol overhead by up to 87%, data overhead by up to 40%, end- to-end delay by up to 33%, and improves packet delivery ratio by up to 15%. In most of the topologies, directionalities with beam width ranging from 9 to 15 degrees are found to be optimal most of the time


The design of government quality management institution has decided the effectiveness of the risk management of quality and safety fundamentally.Based on the general and regular study of the United States government quality management institution,this thesis proposes that risk-driven is the core feature of the United States government quality management institution's evolution and development;that independent oversight is the main mode of the United States government quality management institution's establishment and operation;that shared governance is the principal means of American government to carry out the risk management of quality and safety by taking advantage of market and social resources.Apart from that,this thesis also uses the United States' general experience for reference and proposes the basic train of thought、arrangement of system and model of management for the revolution and innovation of China government quality management institution from China's current national condition of quality.


The invention discloses a granulation and dehydration technology for dredged sludge. The technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, regulating the pH of sludge to be processed to 8-10 by an alkaline reagent; if the moisture content of the sludge is above 85%, adding an anionic polymeric flocculant; if the moisture content of the sludge is below 85%, adding a dispersing agent, and evenly stirring to quickly form a large floccule; crushing the large floccule mechanically into small floccules, discharging moisture covered in soil particles; adding the anionic polymeric flocculant into the small floccules to quickly form a big floccule; adding an inorganic flocculant into the floccule for hydrophobizing the floccules; and delivering the sludge modified and processed with the chemical agents to a dehydrator for mechanically dehydration. The dehydration technology disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high solid-liquid separation speed; the floccule is compact and has high strength, good particle stripping performance, good hydrophobicity and high water permeable speed; the diameter of the sludge particle is controlled within 3-5mm, and a natural arching structure is easy to form.


Pollution due to natural radioactivity is still a poorly known topic among young people. This paper describes the contents for an introductive university course or lecture conceived in a multitask program. Along with a so-called "flipped" configuration, where students are able to receive didactic materials prior to face-to-face lessons, multimedia contents should be shown to the students, who are at first faced with known anthropogenic accidents. Moreover, field and laboratory experimental activities can provide further insight regarding the radiological assessment strategies. Here, the most important principles and effects concerning the radioactive decay of naturally occurring radionuclides are described. The greatest part of natural radioactivity derives from terrestrial radionuclides occurring in soil and rocks. The radionuclides are atoms characterized by an excess of nuclear energy, which makes them unstable giving rise to decay. The radionuclides emit gamma rays, as well as alpha and/or beta particles. People are constantly subjected to indoor and outdoor exposure due to natural radioactivity. The possible sources can be considered as external due to natural sources located outside the human body, and internal provoked by ingestion or inhalation of radionuclides. The indoor exposure from natural sources is mainly related to radiation from building materials and to radon entering buildings from soils and rocks though cracks in walls and floor. The outdoor exposure mainly accounts for the terrestrial gamma radiation that crosses the soil air interface, and for the radon emitted from soils in seismic and volcanic areas. In this regard, there is a strong relationship between health diseases (e.g. cancer, necrosis and DNA and RNA modifications) and high-levels of natural radioactivity. For this reason, the radiological assessment of the most vulnerable areas represents a key point in order to mitigate hazard and risk connected to the human exposure to natural radioactivity.


SummaryGroups of male birds (Quelea quelea) have been subjected to a single whole-body exposure of 15-mev x-rays at doses of 50 r, 210 r, 420 r, 630 r, 840 r and 1040 r respectively. In all dose groups, irradiation resulted in a premature testis metamorphosis involving a sudden decrease in size and the genesis of large quantities of cholesterol-positive lipid within the seminiferous tubules. This phenomenon is apparently identical with that occurring annually in wild birds at the end of the breeding season. The possibility that this has been induced as a result of pituitary stimulation is discussed.No apparent testicular damage was sustained by the 50 r and 210 r groups, and specimens underwent a normal revival of spermatogenesis during the succeeding breeding season. In the higher radiation groups, however, many birds were unable to produce germ cells more mature than primary spermatocytes, and the testis displayed an abnormal histological condition.The LD50 at 30 days was found to be 1060 ± 100 r, and t...


This contribution examines the process of appointing the President of the European Commission in the aftermath of the European elections 2019. It analyses the interests of the players involved and mirrors these against the backdrop of patterns of earlier nominations. In addition, the article reflects on consequences for the political system of the European Union as a whole, especially with regard to the role of European political parties. The contribution finally develops possible scenarios for future appointments: In general, these could take cooperative or competing formats. In case of furthering supranational elements transnational lists could be used in combination with the "Spitzenkandidaten process". This would still require a "saut qualitatif" by the European party families.


Permanent magnet linear synchronous motor has the advantage of small loss,high-power index and fast response,etc. According to the accuracy of position control,proposed the disturbance rejection control method of L2 gain based on the port-controlled Hamiltonian system,the design of the control system had good reliability and stability. Firstly,from the perspective of the original model of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor and energy balance,established the PCH system model of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor. Secondly,the maximum output power control principle and disturbance rejection control method of L2 gain was combined,designing the servo control system. The experimental results show that the system can inhibit the load disturbance effectively,reduce the error of stable state and improve accuracy of the control.


We consider the problem of online keyword advertising auctions among multiple bidders with limited budgets, and propose a bidding heuristic to optimize the utility for bidders by equalizing the return-on-investment for each bidder across all keywords. We show that natural auction mechanisms combined with this heuristic can experience chaotic cycling (as is the case with many current advertisement auction systems), and therefore propose a modified class of mechanisms with small random perturbations. This perturbation is reminiscent of the small time-dependent perturbations employed in the dynamical systems literature to convert many types of chaos into attracting motions. We show that our perturbed mechanism provably converges in the case of first-price auctions and experimentally converges in the case of second-price auctions. Moreover, we show that our bidder-optimal system does not decrease the revenue of the auctioneer in the sense that it converges to the unique market equilibrium in the case of first-price auctions. In the case of second-price auctions, we conjecture that it converges to the non-unique "supplyaware" market equilibrium. We also observe that our perturbed auction scheme is useful in a broader context: In general, it can allow bidders to "share" a particular item, leading to stable allocations and pricing for the bidders, and improved revenue for the auctioneer.


In the current era, COVID-19 emerges as a pandemic which is caused by a coronavirus Every corner of this world has now witnessed "COVID-19" cases and the positive cases have crossed almost 50 mn till now Patients who are suffering from novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had experienced lots of abnormalities in multiple internal organs such as abnormal pulmonary func-tion, liver injury, kidney damage Liver dysfunction requires dedicated works-up and surveillance should be done in a continuous manner It depends upon multiple factors and is heterogeneous in nature In the theme of COVID-19, physicians now have to decide that, the damages in the liver is relatable to any previous liver disorder or medications used to treat COVID-19 or maybe the virology effect Further studies suggest various hypothesis on the potential mechanisms of liver damage in such kind of patients The literature summa-rizes recent theory based on the evidence in relation to the liver complications in novel coronavirus disease 2019, allocates a gross scenario of the available case series and proposes recommendations for clinicians


The description of details plays a very important role in essay writing. It is the description of details that makes the essay moving, not the empty tag struck to it.


Objective: Toona sureni (Indonesian mahogany) is a member of Meliaceae family and locally known as suren. Previous study reported that T. sureni leaves extract exhibited antiviral activity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 13.9 ± 1.6 I¼g/ml against hepatitis C virus (HCV) J6/JFH1. Cytotoxicity analysis of T. sureni leaves extract did not reveal any cytotoxicity effect; therefore, further study was taken to investigate the active substances from the extract.Methods: Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-HCV was conducted using Huh-7.5 cells infected with HCV J6/JFH1 in the presence of extracts, fractions, or compounds from the plant.Results: Ethyl acetate fraction (Fr E) exhibited high anti-HCV activity with IC50 value of 1.7 I¼g/ml. Further, separation of Fr E by open column chromatography resulted in nine sub-fractions (sub-Fr E1-E9). Sub-Fr E3 and E4 have IC50 value of 29.90 I¼g/ml and 7.68 I¼g/ml, respectively. Polyphenols compounds have been isolated from sub-Fr E3 and E4. The structures have been determined to be ethyl gallate (1), methyl gallate (2), catechin (3), gallic acid (4), and quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (5). Among the isolated compounds, gallic acid showed to possess strong anti-HCV activity with IC50 value of 15.9 I¼g/ml.Conclusion: T. sureni and its isolated compound, gallic acid, may be good candidates to develop for alternative and/or complementary agents of anti-HCV infection.


This research is motivated by the performance of Perumda Water Drinking South Service Area that has not been implemented optimally, so that the services provided are not optimal for the community. This study aims to determine the effect of work ability, workload, and communication on the performance of the Padang Air Perumda Water Supply employees. The research population is all 45 employees of the Padang Air Perumda Water Company. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The number of samples that can be used for analysis purposes is 45 people. Testing the research hypotheses was carried out using the statistical analysis technique of multiple regression analysis. The results of the study found that: (1) work ability had a significant influence on the performance of the Padang Air Perumda Water Company employees, (2) the workload had a significant influence on the Padang Air Drinking Water Company employee performance, (3) Communication had a significant effect on performance of Padang Water Perumda employees. (4) Work ability, workload and communication together have a significant influence on the performance of the Padang Air Perumda Water Supply employees


This case study is based on work from 1972 to 1979 in three areas of Tanzania: Bukoba to the southwest of Lake Victoria, Moshi and Pare near Mount Kilimanjaro and the coastal area around Dar es Salaam from Bagamoyo to Rufiji. Much of the work was done in a context of national development priorities. The author was a research fellow in the Bureau of Resource Assessment and Land Use Planning, an agency closely linked with the government and the University of Dar es Salaam. The choice of research areas highlights both comparisons and similarities. There is some ideology of matrilineal descent in the coastal area, giving women some advantages that women in areas of patrilineality lack. However, whatever traditional cultural advantage coastal women may have had now seems to be affected by increasing wage employment for men. Men have cash and labour-controlling positions, while women have become relatively impoverished as they provide mostly unrenumerated subsistence production and services. But this growing powerlessness and dependence is somewhat counterbalanced by men's prolonged absence for wage employment. Swantz optimistically concludes that women thus gain independence and leadership positions. Colin Murray's work among migrant labour families in Losoth is not so optimistic. There women struggle as best they can within the canons of the traditional sexual division of labour, but husbands/fathers resume decision-making roles on their return. For Bokoba, Swantz describes a more distinct social class structure, with commercial coffee growing exacerbating class inequality. Coffee became a man's crop and women fell under double jeopardy of unrenumerated production and divorce. Haya women were not allowed to inherit wealth, have a permanent share in the wealth they accrued through work or even buy land if the Haya council thought they earned the money for it through prostitution. Nevertheless, against those odds some women ended up with wealth and headed their own household. They hired migrant labourers and even tractors to make the full complement of the sexual division of labour. The book is rich in detail and sound in its analysis. It provides one of the best case studies supporting the increasing diplomatic pressure being exerted on the United Nations system by some countries (Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden) to bring women into the mainstream of development projects. That means giving them access to credit, land and real skills training. Perhaps this is the turning point, and 'development' will no longer strand women on the economic and political periphery with gardening clubs, handcraft classes and other useless 'women's' programmes.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a modulation apparatus of visible spectrum (including ultraviolet rays and infrared rays). SOLUTION: Light in the visible spectrum is modulated by using an array of modulation elements 501, and control circuit connected to the array for controlling each of the modulation elements independently, each of the modulation elements has a surface 506 which is caused to exhibit a predetermined impedance characteristic with respect to particular frequencies of light. The amplitude of light, delivered by each of the modulation elements, is controlled independently by pulse code modulation. Each modulation element has a deformable portion 508 held under tensile stress, and the control circuit controls the deformation of the deformed portion. Each deformable element has a deformation mechanism and an optical portion, the deformation mechanism and the optical portion independently impart to the element, respectively a controlled deformation characteristic and a controlled modulation characteristic. The deformable modulation elements are non-metallic. The elements are formed, by forming two layers sandwiching a sacrificial layer between them, the sacrificial layer having a thickness related to the final resonator dimensions, and using chemical (e.g., water) or a process based on plasma to remove the sacrificial layer. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT


Search of methods of intensification of the heat exchange process at boiling in air coolers of ship refrigerating units is made to decrease mass parameters of heat exchange equipment. The process of heat exchange at boiling with application of four-channel belt turbulator, made as a four-ray star is examined. The results of model experiment for research of hydrodynamics and heat exchange of two-phase flow are presented.


Abstract  : Violence to the woment involve every violence based on different of sex which   in cause lost or injury physical, sexual or phychological of woment, involve threat or robbery of independent in privat or public aspect. Cause of violence to the woment are poverty which cause violence as a cannal of frustration and aggression, instability of society cause of  increase of sadism culture. Brutality is the part of society weapon which flaming because of war.Protection to the woment from brutality  are give same role  of woment  and man  at all aspect and empowering of woment Key word  : Protection, woment, violence .


To establish a harmonious society is a process of constructing citizen's morality.Under the terms of marketing economics,to establish a harmonious society needs to reinforce the construction of morality and makes it become the supporting of morality and justice and the link of spirit.We should regard that the construction of citizen's morality can accelerate the establishment of harmonious society,meanwhile,we should optimize the method in the process of construction.


Apparatus and method for performing forming and filling a plastic container at the same time is provided. Mold cavity defines an interior surface adapted to receive a preform. The pressure source comprises an inlet and a piston-like device. Piston-like device is movable in a second direction to direct liquid through the inlet of the first direction and the liquid drawn into the pressure source to the preform. Blow nozzle receives fluid from the pressure source, the feed liquid to the preform body at high pressure, thereby a preform to expand toward the interior surface of the mold cavity, so as make the container resulting there. The liquid remains as a final product in the container.


Abstract We describe and illustrate two highly distinctive new species of Zoopsis from New Zealand. To assess their relationships to other species we performed parsimony and splits-based analysis of morphological data. Our analysis resolves Zoopsis bicruris as a member of subgenus Zoopsis, but is inconclusive with respect to the affinities of Z. matawaia. Our analysis groups Zoopsis matawaia with Z. ceratophylla and Zoopsidella caledonica, on the basis of their shared possession of caducous leaf lobes. The interpretation of this character as a defining apomorphy is at odds with currently accepted hypotheses of character evolution, which regard it as symplesiomorphic, and regard reduced seta anatomy as an apomorphy defining Zoopsidella. However, trees constrained to retain Zoopsidella as a monophyletic unit were two steps longer than unconstrained trees, and had slightly poorer measures of support. Our analysis resolves Monodactylopsis nested within Zoopsidella, which is in turn nested within Zoopsis, and identifies Hyalolepidozia as sister to a clade corresponding to the Zoopsidoideae with moderate bootstrap support.


Summary: The work presents the balance disorder of proteolysis (the increase of asolo albumin, aso casein, aso collagen content) and inhibitory system (the decrease of the content of alpha-2 macroglobulin and alpha-1 inhibitor of proteases in blood), especially on the 26th day of the experiment. Key words: bacterial keratitis, bronchial asthma, pneumonia.


The studies were carried out on the floristic, geobotanical and resource assessment in Zardab and Ujar districts in 2020-2021 and 87 species belonging to 12 families were registered in the composition of coenosis. 12 species (Poa bulbosa L., Poa pratensisL., Artemisia lerchiana Weber, Chenopodium album L., Bromus scoparius L., Alhagi maurorum Medik., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Climacoptera crassa (M. Bieb.), Stipa capillata L., Brassica napus L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Alyssum tortuosum Willd. (= Odontarrhena tortuosa (Waldst. et Kit. ex Will.) C. A. Mey.)) distinguished for their long-term participation in the composition of the groupings were determined. The dynamics of productivity in coenoses were assessed by seasons and it was found that they changed in the range of 1.44-1.91 hwt/ha (in spring), 0.65-1.55 hwt/ha (in summer), 1.02-1.76 hwt/ha (in autumn). The dominance of forbs on botanical groupings was revealed.


High-quality information is emerging as a competitive weapon in this information age. We recount one cross-functional team's effort to improve information quality through understanding interdependencies between information and organizational processes in practice. The team traced membership cancellation data and its process in a HMO. The team's root-cause analysis crystallized and operationalized their inquiry into the interdependencies. Their analysis also revealed major contributing factors of the interdependencies. We highlight the team's preliminary work as groundwork for further study.


(A Critical Political Economy of Private Protection) Market reforms of the 1990s in Russia were thought as a way to overcome a shortage of goods and services. Author argues that the reforms gave rise to another type of shortage, the deficit of universal and acceptable for all economic actors norms - the Law. Two periods of the reforms, teleological and genetic (W. Andreff), are considered. During the genetic period of the reforms (the second half of the 1980s) the deficit of the Law resulted from a lack of official justice. The teleological reforms lead to a situation where the costs of the Law start playing a key role. The author shows that reducing the costs of the Law abiding behavior is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition of successful market reforms. Issues of the justice should be taken into consideration as well. Economic actors will refer to the Law only if it is not prohibitively expensive and if they believe in justice of legal decision. Last condition could be attained only in the framework of a democratic state.


Coal shortages, straw soup, an iron cross against the black-white-red-raftered sky.1 City nights with stagnant air. Demonic passion—as in Wedekind—in sweatsoaked sheets, in which stressful marriages of infantrymen are endured. Even now sleep is leaded by the nightmarish district sergeant. Blood-bloated imperial birds with pens and induction rosters stagger across the roofs of the workers' district. And during this night Krause was reinducted.2 Gasping with asthma, he opens the window, as watery red trickles down the .42-caliber chimney. Trenches make Krause cold and fearful. Neighbor Meier crumples the flowered curtains. Under his black-and-blue gut a little ribbon from Frau Meier's blouse blossoms: "red, red, red." The shattered Krause, no longer fit for induction, tosses his wife's scarlet slip over his breast. "Liberty, it is thee I call."3


In the paper, a procedure for low-cost multi-objective optimization of antenna structures is presented. Our approach is based on exploration of the Pareto front representing the best possible trade-offs between conflicting objectives, here, the structure size and its electrical performance. Starting from the design representing the best in-band reflection level, subsequent Pareto-optimal designs are identified through local constrained optimization aimed at reducing the structure size while maintaining the prescribed thresholds concerning the reflection response. For the sake of computational efficiency, variable-fidelity EM simulation models and feature-based optimization algorithm is utilized. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a compact UWB monopole antenna.


Purpose:Effects of respiratory and circulatory functional changes between laparascopic and open surgery were compared in order to provide scientific basis for laparoscopic resection of pheochromocytoma. Method:From Feb. 1996 to Dec. 1999. 12 cases were divided into two groups .intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal approch(Group A.6 cases) and open approch(Group B,6 cases )undergoing resection of pheochromocytoma, we established 5 patients to observe the respiratory and circulatory functional changes; 10 minutes of each in the beginning of operation, immediatedly after insufflation(exploration in group B), just the time for tumour separation,post tumour resection and the operation termination. Result: PaCO2 in blood gas reveals signifficant difference( P 0. 05),But there are no obvious difference of PH,PaO2,Paw, VE and HR,MAP,CVP( P 0. 05) between 2 groups . Conclusion; Laparoscopic technique for removal of pheochromocytoma are feasible under careful selection of patient.


A recent study (Perez-Vargas, 2019) showed that HCV could help disseminate HDV. To test this finding, 2123 anti-HCV+ plasma were screened for anti-HDV antibodies and HDV-RNA was searched for in anti-HDV+ samples. 41 samples (1.9%) tested positive for anti-HDV: 27 (65.9%) anti-HBc+ and 14 (34.1%) anti-HBc-. Anti-HDV antibodies were statistically more present in anti-HBc+ samples (6.21 vs. 0.8%, p<10-4), and in HCV RNA- samples (2.9 vs. 1.5%, p=0.03). Serological ratios were significantly higher in anti-HBc+ samples (p<0.01). No anti-HDV+ sample was HDV-RNA positive. In conclusion, this study found no evidence suggesting a role of HCV in HDV dissemination in humans.


Created for an Ocean Spray video news release, this animation demonstrates how condensed tannins, a component of cranberry juice, prevent urinary tract infections. Most urinary tract infections are caused by the bacteria e. Coli and their toxins. Fimbria on the bacteria attach to receptors on the bladder wall, facilitating sustained, close exposure to toxins. Condensed tannins attach to the bacterial fimbria, preventing engagement of receptors. With the bacteria unattached, the bladder wall's exposure to toxins is insufficient to cause inflammation.
 The animation was created with Maya and After Effects on Intergraph systems.


This paper describes the design of a system to facilitate the adjustment of grain transport vanes in Axial-Flow® combine harvesters produced by Case New Holland (CNH). The goal was to develop a mechanism that allowed quick and convenient setup and was at the same time simple, effective and inexpensive. The systematic approach to product planning and design was used. The results of market and patents researches conducted are reported, as well as task clarification, conceptual design, embodiment and detailed design of the system. The conceived system allowed a 80% reduction of time spent in grain transport vane adjustment. Its implementation is planned to be conducted by CNH.


Economic growth is a condition where there is an increase in income caused by an increase in the amount of production of goods and services. Inflation is an economic condition that shows a general trend of price increases. This study aims to examine the causal relationship between inflation and economic growth in Kabupaten Magelang for the period 2003 - 2017. The analytical tool used in this study is Granger causality test. The results of the Granger causality test for inflation and economic growth in Kabupaten Magelang did not have a causal relationship. There is a possibility that the Economic Growth in Magelang Regency is more influenced by various other variables such as investment, consumption, unemployment rate, regional government expenditure and so forth. On the other hand, there is a possibility that inflation is still a monetary phenomenon, so inflation in Magelang is not caused by the real sector such as economic growth, but is more caused by the monetary effect such as the amount of money in circulation and interest rates


Bit error rate performance of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(MQAM) signals with generalized selection combining scheme based on signal-to-noise ratio(SNR-GSC)or bit log-likelihood ratio(BLLR-GSC) on correlated Nakagamim fading channels has been investigated.The average bit error rate of MQAM with maximum ratio combining(MRC) on correlated Nakagami-m fading channels is also derived.Simulation results show that the bit error rate with MRC is identical to that with BLLR-GSC of L/2 branches.


Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of date of sowing on groundnut cultivars against late leaf spot disease severity, defoliation, frequency and size of the leaf spot which revealed that all these aspects were significantly influenced by the date of sowing and crop varieties which directly affect the pod yield and test weight. The crop sown early on 25th June exhibited maximum mean late leaf spot disease severity (range 43.63 to 54.05%), defoliation (range, 17.22 to 22.30%), frequency (range, 1.32 to 1.78 / mm2) and size (range, 1.49 to 1.56 / mm2) and thereby gave reduced pod yield (range, 1225 to 1720 kg/ha) and test weight (28.66 to 32.97 g) followed by 10th July and 25th July. Among the groundnut cultivars, susceptible cv. JL 24 exhibited maximum mean disease severity (range, 35.94 to 54.05 %), defoliation (range, 11.61 to 22.30 %), frequency (range, 1.23 to 1.78 / mm2) and size (range, 1.26 to 1.56 / mm2), followed by TAG 24 and TG 26. However, LGN 1 exhibited least mean disease severity, defoliation, frequency and size with the highest pod yield (ranges, 1720 to 2332 kg/ha) and test weight (ranges, 32.97 to 38.59 g).


Photo-oxygenation of vinyl sulphides sensitized either by dyes or by 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) gave products arising from oxidative cleavage of the double bond in closely similar ratios in each case; similarly, dye-photosensitized oxygenation of fluorenyl ethyl sulphide gave fluorenone, 1-hydroxy-9-fluorenone, 9-fluorenyl ethyl sulphoxide, and 9-fluorenyl ethyl sulphone as major products, while DCA-sensitized oxygenation gave the first three products in similar relative yields.


The molecular basis of the systemic induced resistance (SIR) phenotype known to occur in Austrian pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) in response to the tip blight and canker pathogen Diplodia sapinea remains unclear. Specialized metabolites like phenolics are considered to be an important component of plant defense, including SIR, but the antimicrobial activity of many of these putative defensive chemicals remains untested at realistic concentrations and in conjunction with each other. Here, we examined the antiDiplodia activity of several previously identified Austrian pine phenolics associated with SIR by comparing the diameters of fungal colonies grown on media amended with ferulic acid, coumaric acid, taxifolin, pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, and lignin. All compounds were tested both individually and as clusters (combinations) previously determined to occur in planta in a co-regulated fashion. Both the individual compounds and clusters were tested at constitutive concentrations and pathogen-induced concentrations linked to a SIR phenotype. Lignin possessed the strongest antifungal


3D echocardiography offers the ability to perform cardiac functional analysis by visualizing the full 3D geometry of the heart. The full potential of 3D echocardiography has still not been achieved due to problems with image quality and automated quantitative analysis. Native single-view images often lack sufficient anatomical information and are low in contrast and noisy in nature due to poor acoustic window and ultrasound physics limitations. In this work, we explore various ways of fusing the multiple single-view 3D echocardiography images in order to obtain a complete 3D view of the heart by preserving maximum salient information from individual images. Three fusion techniques have been explored for image fusion that include: maximum, averaging, and wavelet image fusion. A novel method of 3D echocardiography fusion utilizing principal component analysis is proposed and a comparative analysis of all discussed techniques is conducted Results obtained from 10 subjects demonstrate that 3D echocardiography image fusion helps in improving quantitative evaluation measures SNR, CNR and contrast while extending FOV and thus filling the missing information in the individual source images. It is hoped that this improved image quality leads to an improved cardiac functional analysis as the multi-view fused image shows the whole picture of the heart.


In the past few years, several security algorithms such as encryption and watermarking algorithms have been put forward in order to ensure the security of the digital image from attackers. Most of the encryption algorithm make use of relatively small key spaces and hence it provides less security to attackers.The proposed system make use of an image encryption algorithm that is working on the principle of Rubik's cube. Watermarking techniques are added to the image before applying Rubik's cube algorithm so as to provide more security for the digital image. The above algorithm is applied on both RGB images and ARGB images and a comparison evaluation is done between the two image types using various performance metrics.


Redevelopment at Musi riverside in Palembang is needed in order to establish the identity of Palembang as a river city, as well as the opportunity of exploiting the potential of the riverside for developing various urban activities. This development is also needed in order to rehabilitate the decreasing natural hydrological function and ecological value of the waterfront as a result of unplanned physical growth in this low-lying area, one of the most rapid growing areas of the city. This paper aimed to present an appropriate strategy for urban development at the Musi river waterfront. Urban morphological approach is used in this study to understand the form and character of the built area in its geographical setting. The most appropriate engineering principle and scenario is introduced to support livability and sustainability of the lowland Musi river waterfront area through applying the appropr iate technology needed, using different parameters such as environmental and engineering factors. The results revealed that the model
with recognition of the ecological and engineering significance of lowland areas is important to achieve good quality development in generating the desired Musi river waterfront structural characteristics in the future, and at the same time can maintain the natural configuration of the environment.


The cosmological constant presents one of the most fascinating and confounding problems in physics. A straightforward, seemingly robust prediction of quantum mechanics and general relativity is that the vacuum energy gravitates. Therefore, the cosmological constant should be enormous. It is minuscule. Since there is no understanding of why the cosmological constant is so small, it is important to test this idea in many different situations. In particular, given the span of distances in astronomy and particle physics, it is vital to test the gravitation of vacuum energy on as many distance scales as we can. Rydberg atoms open up a new set of distances for exploration. It is satisfying to measure the cosmological constant with an atom, but its main significance is extending measurements to microscopic distances. Here, too, there is no evidence of the gravitation of the vacuum. At scales of a micron and less, we place a limit of $7$ GeV on the scale of gravitating vacuum energy, well below the scale of $100$ GeV of the SM of particle physics.


As'one of the most important writers in modern English literary history',Pat Barker,in her latest three novels,depicts several juvenile killers who suffer from'Borderline Personality Disorder'and are greatly traumatized after the murders.Barker,with her sharp feminine observation and fine writing style,delineates how these juvenile murderers try to get rid of the shadows lingering in their minds on their long and difficult way to spiritual recovery and regeneration,and how they forget the unspeakable past at last.Her latest works have become popular among the British public for their description of trauma and concern about juvenile delinquents,which has enabled her to become one of the most important novelists in contemporary Britain.


Tactons (tactile icons) are structured vibrotactile messages which can be used for non-visual information presentation. Information can be encoded in a set of Tactons by manipulating parameters available in the tactile domain. One limitation is the number of available usable parameters and research is ongoing to find further effective ones. This paper reports an experiment investigating different techniques (amplitude modulation, frequency, and waveform) for creating texture as a parameter for use in Tacton design. The results of this experiment show recognition rates of 94% for waveform, 81% for frequency, and 61% for amplitude modulation, indicating that a more effective way to create Tactons using the texture parameter is to employ different waveforms to represent roughness. These results will aid designers in creating more effective and usable Tactons.


The critical conditions for the reaction of particles of the transition metals titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr) dispersed during the detonation of long cylindrical explosive charges have been investigated experimentally. The charges consisted of packed beds of either spherical Ti particles or irregularly shaped Zr particles saturated with sensitized liquid nitromethane. For the Ti particles, a threshold particle diameter exists of 65±25 μm, above which self‐sustained particle reaction is not observed for charge diameters up to 49 mm, although some particle reaction occurs immediately behind the detonation front then rapidly quenches. For the smallest particles (40 μm), the proportion of the conical particle cloud that reacts increases with charge diameter, suggesting that the reaction is a competition between particle heating and expansion cooling of the products. For 375 and 550 μm Zr particles, particle ignition was observed for 19 and 41 mm dia charges. In this case, interaction of the detonation wave ...


This paper briefly introduces the functions of the library in National Cultural Information Resources Sharing Project,and connecting with the present situation of and the problems existing in the construction of Liuzhou's sharing project, probes into some countermeasures for the sustainable development of the sharing project.


Intermittent compressive underload and tensile overload tests were carried out on smooth specimens to determine the effect of large stress cycles on the fatigue damage of subsequent small cycles. A load interaction damage model, using a power-law relationship based on crack closure and damage concepts, accurately predicted the test results. The interaction damage was described by assuming that small fatigue cracks in smooth specimens have similar behavior to long cracks. The results indicate that small cycles below the constant amplitude fatigue limit can contribute significantly to damage accumulation, and that conservative damage summations can be made using a modified reference curve based on constant amplitude tests with a minimum stress on the order of the monotonic yield stress.


ABSTRACT
 Laboratory and field studies are reported that assess navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella (Walker)) development and damage on 11 almond varieties that represent both expected and outlying hull split and shell seal A. transitella damage. Twenty neonate larvae were introduced to almonds of three treatments for each variety: scratched (1 mm scratch through the pellicle), shelled (shell removed but pellicle intact), and unshelled (shell intact and exhibiting the tightest shell seal for the variety). Success was evaluated as moth emergence and degree-days (DD) to emergence. In 2010–2011 and 2011–2012, 10 replicate rows containing randomized strands of 20 unshelled, uninfested almonds from each variety were placed in the field for both the fall and spring A. transitella flight. The almonds were returned to the lab before the initiation of the second spring A. transitella flight and categorized by presumed cause of damage (bird damage, A. transitella damage, or both types of damage). Damage, variety, and their interaction significantly impacted A. transitella survival and DDs to emergence in male moths. Female moth DDs to emergence were significantly impacted by damage alone. Damage from birds and A. transitella damage were positively correlated, and A. transitella damage associated with bird damage was more common than A. transitella damage alone. Nonconspecific damage may have a significant impact on A. transitella populations in the field, and bird damage may have repercussions beyond its direct impact on marketable yield.


Public opinion is the aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs held by the adult population. Public opinion can also be defined as the complex collection of opinions of many different people and the sum of all their views. The Paper also shows importance of public opinion in the light of the holy Qur'an and Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah . صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم)۔


It is offered to consider the index of element importance for multi-element soft-hardware objects with complex structure physical, information links. Elements evaluation is carried out in the planning of implementation of diagnostic tests. The methodological basis is based on the use of formal objects "network of uniformity soft-hardware devices", "processes operating environment", the diagnostic model of inter-process communication tract.


This paper deals with the control of micro-hydro driven self-excited induction generator (SEIG)-based off-grid power generation system. For terminal voltage control, a four-leg voltage source inverter (VSI) is employed. The VSI system also provides harmonic and neutral currents compensation while the SEIG system is feeding 1-ϕ and 3-ϕ loads. For generation frequency control, the SEIG system uses an adjustable speed induction motor drive (ASIMD) system coupled to a water pumping mechanism. The ASIMD system acts like an auxiliary load and consumes the power in excess of the actual loads in order to regulate the system frequency. The power absorbed by the ASIMD system is utilized in water pumping applications. A third order pre-filter (TOPF)-based control algorithm is proposed for the control of the VSI system. The ASIMD system uses direct torque control (DTC) to achieve adjustable speed control. The performance of the SEIG-based autonomous power system with the proposed control is demonstrated using experimental results.


This thesis presents the simulation analysis of hysteresis-based, Proportional
Integral (PI)-based and fuzzy PI-based torque controller for Direct Torque Control
(DTC) of Induction Machine drives. It was well established that the implementation of
conventional DTC drive which consist of hysteresis-based torque controller suffers from
the varying switching frequency and high torque ripple. One of the many approaches to
tackle these problems is by replacing this hysteresis controller with the Proportional
Integral (PI)-based torque controller. By comparing its generated control signal with the
triangular carrier waveforms, the torque controller manages to produce a constant
switching frequency and reduce the torque ripple. However, to determine the parameters
of the PI controller, the torque loop of the drive need to be modelled and rotor
parameters need to be determined. To simplify this designing process, a new torque
controller called fuzzy PI-based torque controller is proposed. Similar strategy as the PIbased
torque controller is used, but with the proposed controller, the function of PI
controller is replaced by the fuzzy PI controller. In this thesis, the topology of the
hysteresis-based and PI-based torque controller is reviewed, while the design of the
fuzzy PI-based torque controller is discussed. The simulation of each torque controller
scheme is performed, and then the comparison study of their performance is presented.
With the proposed controller, the fixed switching frequency is obtained while the torque
ripple, especially at low speed is significantly reduced. Compared to the PI-based
controller, the performance of the proposed controller is maintained, if not better.


Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) which is one of the most common arrhythmias is responsible for a high percentage of strokes. Recently simplified ablation procedures became more relevant in the surgical treatment of AF. One advantage of microwave ablation (MW) is, that it can be used epicardially. We report our first clinical results of the use of epicardial MW as a concomitant procedure during cardiac surgery where opening of the left atrium was not required. Methods: Patients who were scheduled for aortic valve replacement and/or coronary artery bypass grafting suffering from permanent AF, were included into the registry. They received epicardial MW as a concomitant procedure during their operation and were followed over a period of one year. The results were compared to the outcome of a historical patient group with equivalent operations without ablation therapy. Epicardial MW was done on extracorporeal circulation on the beating heart creating box lesions around the pulmonary veins with a connection line on the roof of the left atrium and an additional line to the left atrial appendage. Results: 40 patients were treated with epicardial MW in combination with aortic valve replacement and/or coronary artery bypass grafting. Their preoperative data were as follows: age: 69.6±7.8 years, ejection fraction: 55.7±14.2%, left atrial diameter: 46.2±6.0 mm, duration of AF 6.8±9.8 years. The control group comprised 145 patients (age: 72.6±6.9 years, ejection fraction: 49.7±14.8%, left atrial diameter: 47.4±6.6 mm, AF history: 3.7±5.7 years). One year survival rate was 92.5 % in the ablation group and 86.9 % in the control group. We observed no device-related complications. During the follow-up the sinus rhythm rate ranged between 71.4 and 65.7% in the ablated patients in contrast to 7.4 to 9.6% in the control group (p=0.00001). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that epicardial ablation, in this study with a microwave ablation device, is an effective treatment option for patients with permanent AF. The procedure is less invasive then the endocardial approach and prolongs concomitant heart surgery only minimally without lengthening ischemic time. Epicardial ablation has become part of the daily routine in our institution for the treatment of AF in patients scheduled for bypass grafting and/or aortic valve replacement. Epicardial microwave ablation for the treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation 285 heart disease is markedly higher. For example, 30% to 60% of the patients who require mitral valve surgery suffer from atrial fibrillation [1]. Especially in the left atrial appendage blood stasis occurs in case of atrial fibrillation when the atrium is no longer capable to actively eject blood into the ventricle by contraction. This results in the formation of thrombi that may embolize. Atrial fibrillation is made responsible for about 15% of all cases of strokes [5, 6]; these patients thus have significantly higher mortality rates than patients without atrial fibrillation [7, 8]. Both in surgical and interventional ablation procedures, the endocardial approach is the method of choice. It can be performed using different energy sources. However, several cardiac surgery procedures do not require opening of the atria (patients with coronary artery bypass grafting and/or aortic valve surgery). An additional opening of the left atrium to perform the endocardial ablation would necessitate additional bicaval cannulation and prolong the entire operation. In order to avoid this and still be able to treat atrial fibrillation, ablation strategies have been developed for epicardially ablation in recent years. Not all endocardially utilized energy sources are suitable for the epicardial approach, the microwave technique, however, has proved to be usable in the endocardial and epicardial approach. In this study we investigated the efficacy of epicardial microwave ablation during one year of follow-up in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation who were scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting and/or aortic valve surgery. 2. Materials and methods This registry study was conducted following the rules of the Declaration of Helsinki, Somerset West 1996 and the guidelines of the European Forum for Good Clinical Practice [9]. The Ethics Committee of the Dresden University gave approval for the study. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of epicardial microwave ablation. The obtained data were compared to the outcomes of patients with permanent atrial fibrillation who had undergone comparable operations without an ablation procedure (Dresden registry). Primary endpoints of the study were restoration of sinus rhythm and death. The general inclusion criteria to the study for both groups were: permanent atrial fibrillation with duration of at least one month, patients older than 18 years, and indication for coronary bypass graft and/or aortic valve surgery. Patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation were excluded. The preoperative medication regimen was continued until the day of surgery (including aspirin and clopidogrel). Only patients on oral anticoagulation therapy were switched to low molecular weight heparin at the appropriate time. 2.1 Peri-operative protocol Left atrial dimensions were measured by transthoracic or transoesophageal echocardiography prior to the operation. Furthermore, thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage was excluded by an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram. 2.2 Ablation procedure All patients were operated using extracorporeal circulation. The ablation treatment was performed on-pump on the beating heart before aortic cross-clamping. The pericardial reflections at the pulmonary veins, superior and inferior vena cavae and the fibro-fatty tissue of the interatrial groove were bluntly dissected. Then the transverse pericardial sinus was exposed. Epicardial microwave ablation was performed using a FLEX 4® probe. A continuous box lesion was created around each pulmonary vein pair. These two box lesions were connected by an ablation line along the left atrial roof through the transverse pericardial sinus. The ablation procedure was completed by a lesion line from the left-sided box lesion to the apex of the left atrial appendage (see Figure 1). 2.3 Microwave ablation system The FLEX 4TM microwave surgical ablation device (Guidant Corp.; Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used to produce linear lesions on the epicardial surface. Ablations were performed for 90 s each with an output of 65 W. Details of the endocardial method have been described previously [10]. 2.4 Postoperative protocol Starting from the first postoperative day, patients received metoprolol to stabilize rhythm and, after re286 M. Knaut, S. Brose, R. Forker, F. Jung, K. Matschke moval of the chest tubes, anticoagulation therapy was switched from heparin to phenprocoumon aiming at a target INR of 2.0 to 2.5 for at least 6 months. Heart rhythm was monitored daily up to postoperative day 10. Follow-up examinations were carried out at day 30, 90, 180 and 360 after surgery. Cardiac rhythm was evaluated with a 12-channel ECG and a continuous 24-hour Holter ECG at day 180 and 360. Early recurrences of atrial fibrillation up to postoperative day 90 were treated with up to two cardioversions. 2.5 Statistical analysis Mean values and standard deviations were given for all continuous data, and classified variables are presented in percentage frequency. Probability of survival over time and overall survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared with the (Mantel-Cox) log-rank test. Chi-square and two-tailed, unpaired Student's t-test (exact Fisher's test) were used for two sample analysis. Probability values less than 0.05 indicate a statistically significant difference (at the 5% level) between the ablation and the control group outcome.


Heating [Os-3(CO)(10)(mu-dppm)] (1) with two equivalents of PhSSPh in toluene under reflux provided three new triosmium compounds [(mu-H)Os-3(CO)(7)(mu-SPh){mu(3)-eta(4)-Ph2PCHP(Ph)C6H4}] (2), [Os-3(CO)(8)(mu-SPh)(2)(mu-dppm)] (3) and [(mu-H)Os-3(CO)(7)(mu-eta(2)-SC6H4)(mu-SPh)(mu-dppm)] (4) in 20%, 21% and 26% yields, respectively. In contrast, a similar reaction of 1 with two equivalents of PhTeTePh in refluxing toluene gave the binuclear compound [Os-2(CO)(4)(mu-TePh)(2)(mu-dppm)] (6) in 15% yield, and two 50 electron isomeric compounds 5 and 7 with the formula [Os-3(CO)(8)(mu-TePh)(2)(mu-dppm)] in 20% and 23% yields, respectively. Thermolysis of 3 at 110 C afforded 4 in 53% yield which on further thermolysis in refluxing octane at 128 C gave 2 in 45% yield. Thermolysis of 3 in refluxing octane also gave 2 in 50% yield. The new compounds, 2-7, were all spectroscopically characterized, and the X-ray structures of 2, 3 and 7 have been determined. Compound 2 contains a bridging SPh ligand and a mu(3),eta(4)-Ph2PCHP(Ph)C6H4 ligand, formed by two kinds of C-H activation, including orthometallation of a phenyl group as well as an unusual activation of the methylene group of the dppm ligand. The molecular structure of 3 reveals that two SPh groups span the open Os-Os edge of the Os3 triangle, while the dppm ligand bridges one of the closed Os-Os edges. In compound 7, one TePh group spans the open Os-Os edge, while the other spans one of the two closed Os-Os edges and the dppm ligand bridges the third Os-Os vector. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The ecological footprint of Chengdu City in the past ten years was calculated and analyzed from the spatial and temporal dimensions based on statistical data from 1998 to 2008,by the way of the ecological footprint method,ecological carrying capacity and the GIS spatial analysis method,regression analysis method.The ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity values from 2009 to 2019 in Chengdu City was predicted through calculation results in the past ten years.The results showed that the ecological footprint and ecological deficit of land use from 1998 to 2008 increased in Chengdu City.The ecological deficit of land use within the city center had always maintained at a high level in the past ten years,and the increase of ecological deficit was especially significant in Shuangliu County,Chongzhou City and Qingyang District,and the areas with high ecological deficit presented a fan-like distribution.In conclusion,the economy,society and natural ecosystem of Chengdu City are in an unsustainable state,and the value of ecological footprint is unevenly distributed in space.


Seismic survey methods are becoming popular field techniques in various shallow geotechnical, environmental, and hydrogeological investigations. Design of seismic surveys and interpretation of resultant data can be greatly enhanced by the use of synthetic seismograms produced from user‐defined subsurface characteristics. SYNSEIS is an interactive computer program that produces a simple synthetic seismogram of direct, refracted, and reflected compressional waves based on a user‐defined layered‐earth model of up to 10 layers and spread geometry comprised of up to 24 geophones. Seismic interference, in the form of ground roll and ground‐coupled air waves, can be added to the analysis if desired.


The treatment of thin insulating layers between conducting regions is studied in the frame of dual three-dimensional (3-D) magnetodynamic finite element formulations, using either the magnetic field or the magnetic vector potential as the main unknowns. The layers, of which the thickness is assumed to tend to zero, are represented by surface elements on which scalar potentials are defined and coupled with the main field of each formulation. At the discrete level, this coupling is rigorously done through a nodal and edge-elements coupling. Both passive and active conducting regions are considered, i.e., without or with applied voltage or current.


Introduction: Sexual disorders are practically not addressed in community and primary care settings in India. Understanding the profile of patients visiting tertiary care centers' psychosexual clinics (PSC) may be of value, to map some critical gaps in the service utilization. Aim: To understand the demographic profile and presenting complaints of patients with psychosexual disorders visiting a PSC. Methods: An audit of patients' case records, diagnosis based on ICD-10 classification system, in a PSC over last 1 month was done, noting demographic factors and their frequency distributions. Results: Out of 55 patients visiting the clinic, most common age group was 21 to 30 years (49.09%) and only 2 were females. Maximum patients had education up to higher-secondary level (69.09%), were married (65.4%), and had a sexual partner during past 3 months (70.09%). Premature ejaculation (occurring singly or along with other sexual disorders) was diagnosed in 45.28% patients. Conclusion: Further exploration is needed into the services provided by the PSC. There is scope for sensitizing female patients, customizing psychoeducation suitable to the educational status and work holistically in the PSC.


The mission of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) Program is to develop, apply, deploy, and support state-of-the-art predictive modeling and simulation tools for the design and analysis of current and future nuclear energy systems. This is accomplished using computing architectures that range from laptops to leadership class facilities. The NEAMS Workbench [1,2,3] initiative will facilitate the transition from conventional computer codes to high-fidelity ones by providing a common analysis environment and interface for model creation, review, execution, output review, and visualization for integrated codes. The BISON fuel performance code [4] is a finite element method (FEM)-based software being developed by multiple organizations led by the Idaho National Laboratory for the US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy. BISON can simulate a variety of fuel and cladding compositions and geometries in varying dimensionalities, depending upon the problem type and complexity, including one-dimensional (1D), 1.5D, 2D axially symmetric (2D-rz), 2D radial-azimuthal (2D-rθ), or 3D models. The NEAMS Workbench allows execution of the BISON fuel performance code on local and remote compute resources. In this report, the detailed instructions of configuring the NEAMS Workbench for remote execution of the BISON fuel performance code on a portable batch system (PBS)-scheduled compute resource, as well the transfer of associated Bison files, is illustrated.


Childhood is one of human life experience's phase. At this phase, the individual is more innocent, pure and more sympathetic. Human's curiosity at this moment, allows him to ask different questions. There may be sometimes similarities between these and the questions of philosophy/ philosopher. However, there are differences between the questions of the philosopher and the child. One of the main differences of the questions is the difference of consciousness. Despite this, the ability of children asking questions can be converted to be continuous and conscious by thinking training. After a certain age, a person cannot ask childhood questions. With philosophy, however, it is possible to turn these questions into a critical thinking skill. In this paper, the relationship between child and philosophy and the possibility and continuity of this relationship with the thinking training are emphasized.


1. A method for providing feedback for power control in a wireless communication system, comprising the steps of: receiving one or more indications of other sector interference (OSI) from one or more neighboring access points; ! supporting one or more delta values based on the received one or more indications of OSI; and! controlled resource used for transmission to the serving access point based at least in part, delta values. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving step includes the step of receiving the slow OSI indication once per superframe. ! 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving step includes the step of receiving a fast OSI indication once per frame. ! 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting step includes the step of adjusting a bandwidth used for transmissions to the serving access point. ! 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of transmitting one or more delta values to the serving access point. ! 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting step includes the step of adjusting the power used for transmissions on the serving access point. ! 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of adjusting the power used for transmissions on the serving access point, includes the step of adjusting power by adding one or more delta values to the reference power level. ! 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the delta value comprises at least one slow delta value and at least one fast delta value. ! 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of before


We report measurements of depolarized Rayleigh spectra IVH(ω) of polyphenylmethyl siloxane (polymer A) in bulk and in carbon tetrachloride, of polydimethylphenylmethyl siloxane (copolymer B) in bulk, and of depolarized Rayleigh intensity IVH of polydiphenyl siloxane in carbon tetrachloride. From the temperature dependence and the concentration dependence of IVH, we were able to determine positive intermolecular and intramolecular static pair correlations of polymer A and of copolymer B, and negative intermolecular and intramolecular static pair correlation of polydiphenyl siloxane solutions. The results are explained in terms of the most preferred orientation of phenyl groups attached to the polymer backbone. The linewidths of depolarized Rayleigh spectra of polymer A and of copolymer B can be attributed as due to the crankshaft type of motion of the polymer backbone which orients the polarizability anisotropy of the phenyl groups. The local reorientation time is virtually independent of the macroscopic v...


Vehicles sold in the US and Europe have to be equipped with a Diagnostics, called OnBoard Diagnostics (OBD), which monitor the performance of various elements of the emission control system. The driver is informed as to any failures by the use of a Check Engine Light on the dashboard of the vehicle and then should return the vehicle to the dealership for rectification. The vehicle manufacturer's aim is to ensure that the Check Engine Light is only illuminated for legitimate failures. For the calibration of an On Board Diagnostics there needs to be sufficient separation between the response of a good sensor and that of a failed sensor the setting of this threshold should be based upon a statistical model of the data so that the predicted failures rate can then be determined. In practice generating a statistical model which is appropriate for the setting of fault thresholds can prove difficult. In this paper this issue is resolved by making use of an extreme statistics method, Generalised Pareto Distribution model to allow a threshold for an Airflow Sensor diagnostic to be set.


A critical analysis of the dominant quantitative methodologies used to analyze international terrorism reveals serious flaws in the conceptualization of key terms, the measurement of key variables and the statistical estimation of key relationships, all of which lead to unsubstantiated results. I deconstruct these issues, and extend the literature on the relationship of regime type and acts of terrorism in the following ways: I add to the quantitative literature on the subject; I use an updated database on global terrorist events (START--Global Terrorism Database) which includes domestic and international events; and I analyze rates of terrorism by a variety of categories of system types across both space and time (all countries, 1970-2012). I demonstrate that democracies are not the primary targets of terrorists, and that much more work needs to be done to understand the causes of extreme political violence, given its non-random, yet highly stochastic nature. Brief Biography Dr. Bryan Brophy-Baermann is an assistant professor of political science, and Chair of the Social Sciences Division at Lesley University in Cambridge, MA. His training and experience are largely within the sub-fields of international relations and comparative politics, with emphases on political violence and terrorism, U.S. foreign policy, and environmental politics. 86 Journal of Pedagogy, Pluralism and Practice, Vol. 6, Iss. 1 [2014], Art. 8 https://digitalcommons.lesley.edu/jppp/vol6/iss1/8


.  Participants in a Wabash Center consultation on vocation discussed the variety of expectations, opportunities, and challenges that create contexts for teaching as they move through careers. These essays emerge from the experiences and reflections of four participants about different stages of careers in diverse contexts. Tom Massaro writes from the perspective of one who recently navigated the challenges leading up to the tenure review in a Jesuit theological school and notes common patterns amidst the diversity of challenges. Phyllis Airhart ponders vocational fidelity in the transitions to new roles and responsibilities at mid-career in a Canadian university. Barbara Brown Zikmund deals with what she calls the 'mature years' and traces a major shift in her career from administration in an American school to teaching in Japan. Raymond Williams reflects on vocation during the process of preparing for retirement from teaching in a liberal arts college, attempting to respond faithfully to the inevitable question, 'What are you going to do when you retire?' Vocation is a thread that runs through each essay as reflection on the integrity and continuity of careers. The authors raise issues and make suggestions that may help others reflect on their vocation as teacher.


The astronomic sensation of 1877, Schiaparelli's Canali, were a main research topic for 80years (in a way they are it now again). Up to Mariner 4 (1965) many institutes believed in melted ice and periodic vegetation along the gray or green linear structures. Mars mapping reached a 2 summit by Antoniadi, whose map 1936 was the basis of the US Mariner program. But ∼1915 the shift from linear to area drawing caused some quality losses in planetography. In the fifties the Canali were mostly interpreted as optical illusions or contrast effects. The rivers and tectonics seen by Orbiters encouraged me to special studies: 60% of Schiaparelli Channels correlate with: Albedo patterns, terrace-shadow structures, broad valley systems (e.g. Valles Marineris) and rows of craters or clouds. Experienced observers know that linear structures can be "seen" even if their elements are below the resolution. Feedback of this fact to space-born Remote Sensing is recommended – for maximal use of the modern planet Orbiters and special studies of geology, dust storms and clouds. 1. VISUAL MARS OBSERVATIONS AND THE CANALI (CHANNELS) Visual terrestrial observations were the basis of Mars research up to 1965 (Mariner 4), and are still of some interest in the present, as I'll show below. After many space probes and in a year of new 'robotic earthlings' the situation is curious: Our actual interest in the Red Planet was founded on telescope sightings of "Canali" 125 years ago – and on their misinterpretation by Science-fiction authors: the idea of Martian Life. Since 1965 the detection of craters and deserts undermined this idea, and "channels" were explained as optical illusions. Nevertheless – Astronomy, Geology & SpaceTech are busy to find paleo-water, and many old Canali observations prove to have a real physical basis. Seen through a large telescope or CCD, Mars is earth-like with its polar caps, seasons, and changing coloration. But Orbiters, altimeters and probes form another model: extreme heights and giant canyons, invisible huge volcanoes, strange sediments, ice floods and planetwide dust storms (Fig.1). First Mars drawings were made by Huygens 1659; a periodic dark structure (Syrtis major) led him to a rotation ∼24. Cassini detected the polar caps 1666. Precise rotation period and axis (24.0 ) was derived by W. Herschel 1777-83; he also guessed a very thin atmosphere by a star occultation.


A carbon-coated Li3V2(PO4)3/C (LVP/C) cathode material was directly fabricated in this work using a modified sol-gel combustion method. The LVP/C composite exhibited excellent rate capacity and cycle performance. Initial discharge capacities of LIBs with cathode containing this composite as active material were 122.2, 112.3, 107.7, 104.4 and 97.3 mAh g−1 at 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 C, respectively, in the 3–4.3 V voltage range. At 10 C discharge rate, initial discharge capacity equal to 90.5 mAh g−1 and 91.8% capacity retention after 200 cycles were obtained. Such outstanding performance was attributed to good crystallinity of LVP/C composite as well as its complex morphology of porous particles and needle-like crystals with uniform carbon coating. Carbon-coated porous LVP/C composite with a complex morphology is a promising cathode material. Synthesis of this composite based on this modified sol-gel combustion provides a facile and effective way to fabricate high-performance materials.


The amorphous to crystalline transformations of Ge in Al/Ge thin film couples has been studied using glancing angle EXAFS, x-ray reflectivity and diffraction. It was found that crystallization occurs at a much lower temperature (118--150{degrees}C) than for bulk Ge, and initiates at the Al/Ge interface. X-ray diffraction studies were made at 152{degrees}C to study the kinetics of the reaction. After an initial period we find good agreement with a square root dependence of the time, characteristic of a diffusion limited reaction.


Introduction Cognitive changes due to human aging process represent important conditions as they directly affect functionality and predispose subjects to falls. Objective To investigate the association between cognitive ability and falls in an elderly population and to characterize their profile. Methodology Cross-sectional study from the Health Survey project at Juiz de Fora, MG. The analyzed variables were calculated by applying the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a semi-structured questionnaire containing questions on sociodemographic and falls occurence. We estimated the absolute and relative frequencies and used the chi-square (c2) to investigate the association between cognitive ability indicated by MMSE and falls, the significance level was 5%. Results 462 elderly, mean age 71.03 (SD = 7.79) and 3.64 years of schooling (SD = 3.26), 64.8% female and 28.14% showed cognitive decline; frequency of falls in the group with cognitive impairment was 42% and there was an association between cognitive ability and falls (p = 0.043). Conclusion Elderly patients with cognitive impairment had a higher frequency of falls compared with general elderly population. This finding together with the association between cognitive impairment and falls, reinforce the need for preventive measures and new health practices with an emphasis on healthy aging.


The summary report presents an overview of the organizational structure and construction management function of several, largely transportation oriented, construction projects. The nine organizations surveyed were: (1) Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, (2) Bay Area Rapid Transit District, (3) Chicago Transit Authority/Chicago Urban Transportation District, (4) Dallas-Fort Worth Regional Airport, (5) Federal Highway Administration/New York State Department of Transportation, (6) Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, (7) Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (8) Naval Facilities Engineering Command/Trident Project, and (9) Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. The data reported focuses on six major topics for each organization. They are: (1) project and organization background and overview, (2) funding and budgeting considerations, (3) project management and project monitoring, (4) construction project management, including cost and schedule controls, (5) management information systems, and (6) institutional considerations.


Abstract Here we report a desaturative approach for oxindole synthesis. This method uses simple ethyl 2-(2-oxocyclohexyl)acetates and primary amine building blocks as coupling partners. A dual photoredox–cobalt manifold is used to generate a secondary aniline that, upon heating, cyclizes with the pendent ester functionality. The process operates under mild conditions and was applied to the modification of several amino acids, the blockbuster drug mexiletine, as well as the formation of dihydroquinolinones.


We evaluated the use of Fenton reactions induced by solar radiation in the treatment of effluent from a factory of paints for buildings, after prior removal of the suspended solids. The increase of H2O2 concentration from 100 to 2500 mg L−1 for a [Fe2


Abstract Compounds with high fluorinating capacity are obtained when rubidium and cesium chlorides are fluorinated in a stream of elemental fluorine. Best results are obtained when the, temperature is kept in the range of 140–170°C. These products were first assumed to be polyfluorides, MF3, of Rb and Cs 1. It was later assumed by various researchers 2 that the products are really tetrafluorohalates of Rb and Cs, formulated as MC1F4. One of the authors was himself involved in the problem of trying to establish the structure of these products. It is, however, a very difficult problem since pure products giving constant analytical results were not obtained. During the fluorination process, which is an exothermic one, enough heat is evolved to melt the reaction medium and the temperature rises above that needed to decompose the products. It is therefore impossible to obtain reliable analytical data, the products being a mixture of regular fluorides, MF, and the active, fluorinating, ones. No final proof has ...


The vascular stenosis induced by injury is the common pathological changes of many cardiovascular diseases,which remains the major barrier to the advancement of medical treatment.Recent studies show that the adventitial fibroblasts play an important role in vascular stenosis.This review summarizes the functional and structural behaviors of the cells in the progress,including cell proliferation,migration,matrix protein production,generation of cytokines and enzymes.


Objective:To develop TLC and HPLC methods for simultaneous detection of 4 amion acids(L-hydroxyproline,glycine,alanine,L-proline) in deerhorn glue.Methods: The sample hydrolyzed for 1 hour was detected by TLC with phenol-0.5% borax solution(4∶1) as mobile phase,silica gel G as stationary phase,triketohydrindene as colour reagents.The sample hydrolyzed for 1 hour at 150 ℃,derived with phenyl siothiocyanate(PITC) was determined by HPLC.This HPLC determination was performed on a Phenomenex C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),with gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.1 mol·L-1 sodium acetate(7∶93)(A) and acetonitrile-water(4∶1)(B) at flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,detected at 254 nm.Results: L-hydroxyproline,glycine,alanine,L-proline had good linearity in the ranges of 0.02-0.34 μg(r=1.000),0.04-0.71 μg(r=1.000),0.02-0.30 μg(r=0.9998),0.02-0.37 μg(r=1.000),respectively.The average recoveries(n=6) were 99.5%(RSD=2.3%),97.8%(RSD=1.6%),100.8%(RSD=1.6%),97.9%(RSD=2.4%),respectively.Conclusion: The developed method is accurate with high repeatability,which is helpful for the determination of L-hydroxyproline,glycine,alanine,L-proline,4 amino acids in deerhorn glue.


The secondary battery includes a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing a nonaqueous solvent and a salt which is liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution and a flame retardant material which is substantially immiscible. Salt in a non-aqueous solvent, preferably, forms a non-aqueous electrolyte by dissolving an alkali metal salt. The non-aqueous solvent, preferably include cyclic carbonate and / or linear carbonates. Cyclic carbonate preferably contains an alkylene group having 2-5 carbon atoms, straight-chain carbonic ester preferably contain a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Preferred salts contain Flame-retardant material, preferably a halogen-containing compound in an amount ranging from about 1 to about 99 wt% based on the weight of non-aqueous solvents, preferred halogen-containing compound, a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroalkyl ether group including.


Marine micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) contamination has evolved into a serious threat to ecosystems. Worse, MNPs can act as vectors for heavy metals (e.g., Pb(II)) and exacerbate their ecotoxicological hazards. The development...


The invention discloses a method for preparing nitro-thiazol benzamide compound. It comprises following steps: adding acetylsalicylic acid and 2- amino- 5- nitro-thiazole into acetone with their molar ratio being 2:1, stirring at -2-3 Deg. C, adding condensating agent DCC (N, N- ) dicyclo hexylcar bodiimide, adding triethylamine, stirring at -2-3 Deg. C for 3 to 6 hours, filtering, extracting filtering solution with acetic ester and water, drying acetic ester layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate, decolouring with active carbon., vacuum distilling and condensing at 100- 300 Pa, stirring condensing liquid with petrohol at -2-3 Deg. C, crystallizing and getting coarse product, re-crystallizing with carrene and getting pure product. The invention is characterized by temperate reaction condition, easy operation, convenient control, fast reaction speed, high reaction conversion rate of 75.3- 90.5%, high productivity of 60.5- 78.2%, high ;product purity of 98-99% after re-crystallization, low or non- toxicity of used solution and sound industry prospect.