Every year, 20%–40% of harvests are lost because of plant nuisances and pathogens. Existing plant sickness the executives depends prevalently on poisonous pesticides that are possibly unsafe to people and nature. Nanotechnology can offer points of interest to pesticides, such as decreasing poisonousness, improving the timeframe of realistic usability, and expanding the solvency of ineffectively water-dissolvable pesticides, all of which could have positive ecological effects. This survey investigates the two headings wherein nanoparticles can be used for plant malady the executives: either as nanoparticles alone, going about as protectants; or as nanocarriers for bug sprays, fungicides, herbicides, and RNA-impedance particles. Regardless of the few potential favorable circumstances related with the utilization of nanoparticles, very few nanoparticle-based items have been marketed for agrarian application. The shortage of business applications could be clarified by a few variables, for example, a deficient number of field preliminaries and underutilization of vermin crop have frameworks. In different ventures, nanotechnology has advanced quickly, and the best way to stay aware of this headway for horticultural applications is by understanding the key inquiries of the exploration and tending to the logical holes to give an objective and encourage the improvement of business nanoproducts.


Abstract : The report presents two methods of prediction on the hovering performance of single-rotor helicopters. A generalized equation was formulated by the use of numerical and empirical techniques from flight test data for the prediction of hovering performance. This generalized equation leads to two methods of prediction: the Generalized Method and the Two-Point Method. Both of these methods of prediction are simple and easy to apply, and require only limited flight data information to predict the entire range of hovering performance. The accuracy of these methods falls within 5% of the flight data. Specific working examples and procedures are given.


Abstract : The report concerns the technical and economic aspects of proposed ECM susceptibility measurement system (SMS) equipment for multifunction array radar systems. It presents the study results and equipment design details of a radar target simulator that delays and reproduces a radar signal on a pulse-by-pulse basis. Unlike the usual simulator design, this equipment is to be independent and external to the victim radar. Signals will be introduced from the far field. Laboratory investigations indicate the equipment will create realistic target returns with predetermined ballistic coefficients, flight times, and trajectories. Delay times are variable from one input signal width to infinity. Signal reproduction distortion for stationary or moving targets is predictable and constant.


The polysilicate polyaluminium chloride compound flocculant(PSAC) was prepared by using waste acid and calcium powder as raw material.Through the orthogonal experiment methods,the effects of aluminum content in polyaluminium chloride(PAC),polysilicate content,polysilicate pH value,the ratio of n(Al) to n(Si),composite aging time on PSAC floccutation performance were investigated.The experiment results showed that when the ratio of n(Al) to n(Si) is 13,the content of Al3+ in PAC(measure with w(Al2O3)) is 9%,the composite time is 1 h,the researched PSAC has optimum treatment results on industrial waste water and has wide pH value application range.


The thesis addresses three questions related to the main goals of elections, preference aggregation and politicians' accountability. In the first chapter, we explore the effect of adopting a closed or open list proportional representation system on the representation of minorities in Parliaments. The two systems differ in the possibility for the electorate to express preferential votes for candidates within party-lists. We show that minorities are proportionally represented only under open list, if voters can vote for a limited number of candidates. In all other cases, minorities are poorly represented, or not represented at all. The second chapter provides an explanation for sub-optimal policy making decisions by incumbents. We show that the possibility to stand for re-election can induce them to address less relevant issues, when more relevant ones are too difficult to solve. As failing to solve an issue constitutes a bad signal about their quality, politicians prefer to address easier ones, even if they are less important for the electorate. The goal of the third chapter is to axiomatically characterize a measure of ethnic voting, defined as the extent to which voting decisions are affected by ethnic motivations. The main property we impose on the measure is neutrality with respect to size of ethnic groups and total support of parties. We identify the class of size neutral measures of ethnic voting and investigate monotonicity axioms that are compatible with this property.


Radio frequency identification (RFID) has been widely used for contactless payment. However, modifying sensitive data such as balance stored in an RFID tag over an air interface requires high stability and reliability, particularly when the tag is being moved away from the RFID reader (such phenomenon is called card tear). Previous countermeasures of card tear operation are mainly based on contact smart card; however, when the tag is contactless, the variation of magnetic field should be also taken into account. To solve card tear problem, this paper presents a fully integrated 13.56-MHz RFID tag IC with reliable power supply and antitearing mechanism. Proposed are the following solutions: 1) to provide a 4-kV multifunction electrostatic discharge protection circuit with rectifier and limiter; 2) to develop a low dropout circuit and a low voltage detection circuit; 3) to design a well-run antitearing mechanism, which can protect the tag from being incorrectly written; and 4) to design a digital circuit with several functions, including 3DES, micro control unit, and electrically erasable programmable read-only memory. The proposed RFID tag IC was fabricated using a 0.18-μm process with an area of 3 mm2. The measured results indicate that the tag operates in a stable and reliable mode without any problem caused by card tear.


Experiments were conducted to test the impact of a cloud diagnosis scheme in place of prescribed zonalaverage cloud on medium and long range integrations with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology ResearchCentre(BMRC)global atmosphere model.The cloud scheme was shown to improve the temperature bias inthe lower troposphere but there was deterioration in the upper troposphere,especially in the tropics,asso-ciated with underestimation of high cloud amount.Thirty day mean fields in a January integration showed greater amplitude in the Northern Hemisphereplanetary waves and a deeper Antarctic circumpolar trough than the control experiment or a simulation withno cloud.The results for the diagnosed cloud case agree more closely with corresponding observed fields.There was also some reduction in the zonal average zonal wind component reflecting the additional zonalasymmetry introduced by the diagnostic cloud scheme.Similar trends were also noted in medium and longrange forecasts for January and July conditions,although the impact on predictive skill was slight and insome cases detrimental.Areas for improving the diagnostic cloud scheme are noted.


Improvisation is and has been a distinguished feature of many music practices. Yet existing international literature shows that improvisation tend to be an overlooked activity in music classrooms. ...


The present invention provides, as a material superior in heat resistance in a hot environment where the maximum temperature of the exhaust gas becomes 750 to 900°C, ferritic stainless steel sheet superior in heat resistance in a broad temperature region of 750 to 900°C with long term stability by a smaller amount of addition of Mo than SUS444 containing about 2% of expensive Mo, that is, ferritic stainless steel sheet superior in heat resistance characterized by containing, by mass%, C: 0.01% or less, N: 0.02% or less, Si: 0.05 to 1%, Mn: 0.1 to 2%, Cr: 10 to 30%, Mo: 0.1 to 1%, Cu: 1 to 2%, Nb: 0.2 to 0.7%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.3%, and B: 0.0002 to 0.0050%, having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and having a 0.2% yield strength at 750°C of 70 MPa or more.


myelination is complete is fully in line with the findings in the earlier experiments with cholesterol. It seems that these two lipid constituents of myelin undergo little if any turnover in normal animals. In a structure so intrinsically elaborate as the laminated myelin sheath it is difficult to suppose that some of its molecules could ordinarily be abstracted and replaced at frequent intervals without some dislocation of its architecture. It seems justifiable, therefore, to infer that in health the myelin sheath in its entirety is a stable tissue element with little or no evidence of metabolic turnover. One of the main purposes of a symposium is lost if its participants confine themselves wholly to established findings and pay no regard to such conjectures as the work may suggest. If the myelin sheaths are such stable tissue elements, then their dissolution in multiple sclerosis would seem to suggest that some attack has been made upon them from their immediate surroundings. If this speculation is justifiable, two considerations at once attract attention: (1) What could be the nature of any such potentially myelinolytic agent, whether a foreign or a natural product? (2) What sort of material immediately surrounds the sheaths which could provide access for such an agent? The former will be discussed by Professor Thompson. I shall confine myself to a discussion of the second point. Of the many questions that are awaiting answer for progress in neuropathology few are more urgent than whether or not the central nervous system possesses, as do all other organs, a tissue fluid in which all its elements are immersed. On this fundamental matter, which has regrettably failed to attract as much interest from physiologists as its nature demands, opinions derived from two invaluable technical methods are diametrically at variance. The electron microscopists have almost unanimously rejected the idea of such a fluid, though recently one or two have made some very limited, almost grudging, concessions. Pharmiacologists, studying the distribution of such substances as thiocyanate and sodium, have supposed the existence of a tissue space that occupies from a quarter to a third of the brain. If the latter view is correct it would be possible for any myelinolytic agent, irrespective of whether it was produced locally or escaped from nearby blood vessels, to approach the sheaths through the fluid that presumably surrounds them. On the other hand, if the picture presented by electron microscopy is the correct one, it seems that the injurious agent must be formed in the cytoplasm of the enveloping glial cells that are believed to be in contact with them. This doubt whether there is a tissue fluid in the brain exemplifies the drawbacks that are inescapably associated with our present fragmentary attacks on the complex problems of diseases of the central nervous system. Progress in neuropathogenesis will inevitably be retarded unless answers to some of these questions can be provided by investigators in other conventional fields of medical science. This is unlikely to happen unless the proponents of one method compare their findings and conclusions with those obtained by other procedures.


AIM: To identify whether hemoglobin (Hb) level is a predictor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Japanese women. METHODS: The subjects were 1673 Japanese women (mean age: 52.1±8.7 years, age range: 30-82 years) who underwent a physical checkup during 2009. Women with hepatitis B or C virus infection, other hepatobiliary disease or alcohol consumption>20 g/day were excluded from the study. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >30 U/L was defined as elevated ALT. Ferritin level was measured in 100 selected subjects to examine the relationship between Hb and ferritin levels. RESULTS: NAFLD was diagnosed in 245 subjects and NAFLD with elevated ALT were detected in 73 subjects. Hb level was significantly higher in subjects with NAFLD than those without NAFLD. BMI, menopausal status and Hb, triglycerides and glucose levels were independently associated with ALT level. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI (odds ratios (OR) =1.54, 95% CI 1.45-1.63), menopausal status (OR=1.98, 95% CI 1.34-2.74) and Q4 (top 25th percentile) Hb level (OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.36-3.50) were associated with NAFLD. Q3 (51st-75th percentiles) Hb level (OR=2.71, 95% CI 1.07-6.87) and Q4 Hb level (OR=2.69, 95% CI 1.07-6.76) were associated with NAFLD with elevated ALT. Multivariate analysis showed that Hb level was independently associated with ferritin level and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: High Hb level is a predictor of NAFLD. Hb level is associated with iron stores and insulin resistance in Japanese women.


This paper aims to explore those yet relatively unexplored dimensions of Frantz Fanons (1925-1961) authorship. Fanon, known to the world as a theorist of violence and revolution, was one of the fir ...


The Humanities Networked Infrastructure (HuNI) is one of the national Virtual Laboratories that are being developed as part of the Australian government's National e-Research Collaboration Tools and Resources (NeCTAR) programme. This paper examines the methodologies and technical architecture being deployed by HuNI to link and share Australian data in the humanities and creative arts.


In situ ellipsometry has been combined with electrochemical measurements to gain insight into the mechanism of passivation of chromium in pH 1.7 solution. At −410 mV vs. NHE a region of active dissolution at an apparently oxide‐free surface was observed. With an anodic potential step to −360 mV, passivation occurs with growth of less than 1Aa of oxide film. This film is thicker at more anodic potentials and probably consists of .The mechanism of passivation most consistent with the experimental observations is that of simultaneous oxide formation and metal dissolution, with passivation resulting from formation of a monolayer of film.


We have used a previously determined sample of 278 dwarf galaxies for most of which B magnitudes, optical colours, HI fluxes and IRAS flux-densities are known, in order to derive luminosities, colours and surface brightnesses. Dwarf galaxy properties are compared to those of a control sample of 228 larger spiral galaxies. The dwarf galaxies have on average higher 60/100 μm flux ratios and lower 12/25 μm flux ratios than the spiral galaxies, indicating that the contribution of'cirrus'to the infrared emission from dwarf galaxies is relatively insignificant. In the dwarf galaxies, the 60/100 μm flux ratio increases with increasing optical blueness; spiral galaxies show the opposite. Dwarf galaxies with a low optical surface brightness have low 100 μm/H I ratios, but the converse is not true


The ferrichrome analogues mainly have the same function as natural ones. In this work, the relaxation times of the ferrichrome analogue B2 at different Fe(Ⅲ) concentrations have been measured, and the relative distances from Fe(Ⅲ) ion to all the protons have been also worked out by using a simplified solomon-Bloembergen equation. The conformation of this complex in CDC13 solution can be imagined out.


The analytical Framework of the social relation which is based by the interests is proposed in this paper.The theoretical construction is a following. The structure of domination is one dimension of social structure. It consists of a dominator, relation of domination, and process of domination. The core of relation of domination is a power, that is to say, exercise of power resources. The power is classified four types, and these form the foundation of hierarchical domination.We use the intermediate concept to analyze the relation of domination. It is named the "decision", which is the key concept to declare a phenomenon of domination. The nature of domination differs either the existing the decision area or not.The relation of domination does not exist independently, but is situated the network of many factors. We say it the situation of domination. The two pattern of domination that considered the situation of domination is derived. Those are the Dependence-power relation and the Delegation-power relation, which consist of one part of the structure of domination.


In this paper, we consider the vanishing viscosity limit problem for a system arising from the Keller‐Segel equations in three space dimensions. First, we construct an accurate approximate solution that incorporates the effects of boundary layers. Then, we prove the structural stability of the approximate solution as the chemical diffusion coefficient tends to zero. Our approach is based on the method of matched asymptotic expansions of singular perturbation theory and the classical energy estimates.


Originally described by Robinson in 19 7, piriformis syndrome (PS) is a constellation of symptoms that include low back or buttock pain referred to the leg[1]. It is estimated that at least 6% of patients who are diagnosed as having low back pain actually have piriformis syndrome[ ]. Some authors have reported that the peripheral nerve is compressed at two sites, known as double crushed neuropathy. The most common sites were the cervical spine, the cubital tunnel at the elbow joint, and the carpal tunnel at the wrist joint [ -7]. However, there has been no reported case of sciatica, which is caused by compression from both a lumbar disorder and from the piriformis muscle. Here we report a rare case of sciatica in a 60-year-old man, which is caused by compression 〔千葉医学 86:1~ , 010〕


Although a physician's CV will include all of the required information for the hiring process, a well-written cover letter can provide the opportunity for them to distinguish themselves from other candidates.


As blockchain technology makes rapid progress, attempts to use it in various environments are also increasing. Especially home networks and smart factories consisting of a small network of Internet of Things (IoT) devices with singlehop or a few hops are trying to adopt blockchain systems to guarantee the integrity of data and to protect privacy. However, in such low-bandwidth network environments, they encounter challenges because of the network cost for block consensus. This study proposes a lightweight blockchain consensus protocol suitable for these environments. The proposed protocol improves the existing PBFT protocol to reduce the network cost required for consensus. The main innovation is to reduce the number of phases for consensus from three phases to two phases while preserving Byzantine failure tolerance. These two phases guarantee the total order of clients' transactions in the same view. And the simple viewchange process in the proposed protocol enables the change of the primary node for new block generation. The experimental result shows a significant performance improvement of block consensus over the PBFT. Using the proposed protocol can contribute to operating blockchain systems in various lowbandwidth network environments. Keywords—blockchain, consensus protocol, lightweight protocol, low bandwidth network, PBFT


Local autonomy policy encourages municipal and regencial government develop these areas, and enhancing their creativity in collecting Local Revenue. Therefore, inter regional cooperation is a cumpolsory as each area is geographically and psychologically connected. Due to this the goverrnment has formulated a number of policies for the realization of inter area and inter regional cooperation. Efficient and effective cooperation between each area will be beneficial for the development of these areas in particular, and for each province in general.


A solar-energy unit was developed to incorporate computer assisted instruction (CAI), hands-on science and technology education activities, and student collaboration. The solar power curriculum (SPC) and accompanying solar energy software (SES) were designed for implementation in an exploring technology education (ETE) laboratory. Current literature wa:s examihed and adapted for the SPC from the fields of: CAl, technology education, and environluental education (EE). This curriculimi supports educational reform, reinforces theXacademic cbre, and develops prdblem solving skills. These instructional goals can be met through: CAI, designing and building a model solar-powered vehicle, histdrical and career investigations, and student presentationsv In addition, construetivist learning theory and student authentic assessmeh-t are discussed as pedagogical


The role of inelastic collisions in Hall thruster operation is studied through simulation of the electronenergy distribution function (EEDF) inside the thruster channel. The electron Boltzmann equation is solvedusing the Lorentz approximation (two-term expansion) and the "local-field" approximation. The resultantzero-dimensional Boltzmann equation takes into account inelastic losses due to ionizing collisions andwall-collisions. Secondary electrons from ionization and wall-collisions are also included in the model.Electron continuity is used to calculate the sheath potential at the insulator walls. Results show an EEDFcut off at high energy due to electron loss to the walls. Secondary and scattered electrons from ionizationprovide a large population of low-energy electrons. The calculated EEDFs agree well with experimentalelectron temperature data when an experimentally-determined effective collision frequency is used forelectron momentum transport. Predicted values for the wall-sheath potential agree with results from acharge-balance model, except where said model predicts sheath collapse.I. INTRODUCTIONHall discharges (Hall thrusters) are presently underdevelopment for use in space propulsion applications. TheHall thruster is essentially a shaped-field accelerator, usingapplied potentials and magnetic fields to produce a highspecific impulse, low-density plasma flow. The shape of theelectric field, the Ohmic losses, and the locations of theionization zone and acceleration zone inside the thruster arecoupled to the applied fields through the plasmaconductivity. The electrons in Hall discharges exhibitcharacteristic cross-field transport, which is believed to beenhanced by fluctuations in the electric field and plasmadensity [1]. Collisions with the thruster channel walls alsoplay an important role in discharge operation.Several researchers have had success modeling theplasma inside the Hall discharge (and similar discharges)with hybrid fluid-particle codes [2-5] and full particle codes[6]. With the hybrid fluid-particle in cell (PIC) codes, someinvestigators have used an anomalous Bohm conductivity inorder to accurately reproduce discharge operation [5], whileothers have relied on a model for electron-wall scattering[3,4]. Many of these efforts have had difficulty reproducingthe location of the ionization zone inside the thrusterchannel. We believe that this may be due to a non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution function (EEDF) inthe discharge plasma. Electrostatic probe measurements ofthe EEDF have shown significant departures fromMaxwellian behavior [7-10.]. We [11] and others [10] havealso observed behavior that may be attributable to a non-Maxwellian EEDF in optical emission experiments.


Energy reduction, water conservation, hazmat reduction, and other initiatives for making health care more environmentally friendly can also contribute positively to the bottom line.


With the NHS set to be a key battleground in the looming election, Andy Burnham speaks exclusively to the Bulletin to outline the Labour Party vision for the NHS.


Here we study the space of real hyperbolic plane curves that are invariant under actions of the cyclic and dihedral groups and show they have determinantal representations that certify this invariance. We show an analogue of Nuij's theorem for the set of invariant hyperbolic polynomials of a given degree. The main theorem is that every invariant hyperbolic plane curve has a determinantal representation using a block cyclic weighted shift matrix. This generalizes previous work by Lentzos and the first author, as well as by Chien and Nakazato. One consequence is that if the numerical range of a matrix is invariant under rotation, then it is the numerical range of a block cyclic weighted shift matrix.


In several areas of medicine, including HIV/AIDS, rapid development of new drugs and increasing healthcare costs have led to the issuance of numerous treatment guidelines — and updates — which are derived using a variety of approaches. Relatively few studies have evaluated the effects of compliance with HIV/AIDS guidelines on outcomes, particularly survival.

In a recent prospective cohort study involving antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV-infected individuals who received treatment at any of 28 centers across Spain between 2004 and 2010, researchers investigated whether guideline adherence is associated with …


This article examines the effectiveness of sexual orientation discrimination laws prescribed by the European Union. In particular, the article critiques Article 13 of the Treaty Establishing the European Community, and the Framework Directive which was established under the powers conferred by it. It is argued that the Framework Directive is too restrictive in its scope, in terms of the areas of life it covers (i.e. employment only), and that the exceptions to its provisions are unjustly broad. Analysis is also made of recent case law from both the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights in an attempt to demonstrate the progressive but limited nature of this area of law. As a main theme, the article examines the important role that the European Parliament has had, and continues to have, on the evolution of sexual orientation discrimination law and more broadly, gay and lesbian rights within the European Union.


The use of music for relaxing and relieving anxiety has become increasing popular in recent years; a lot of relevant research has shown that music has both a mental and physiological effect which is quantifiable. However, some research makes use of EEG to verify the influence that music has on human brain activity. This research measures the brain wave and heart rate variability (HRV) change during the course of experiments in listening to music. Furthermore, I have attempted to distinguish the relation between the music、EEG and HRV. The following points have been discovered: We find that has the biggest alpha power under the situation not listening to the music (baseline), and then listening to relieved the music (soft) is in order, after that alpha power is minimum while listening to the rock music. In gamma band, we find no matter which kind of music is listened to, gamma powers are greater than not to listen to the music .This point and research of the past are duplicated . The influence on gamma band of the music is quite apparent. Whatever the experimenters listen to the music , their gamma band powers are rising. According to relevant research, stimulus to the perception and selective attention caused individual's gamma power to rise. My experiment also verifies such a statement. Moreover, the music probably makes the change on experimenter''s mood to cause gamma power to rise. We also find that there are greater alpha power on the people who like rock music than people who don't like when listening to rock music. Finally, positive and negative correlations were found between alpha power and heart rate variability. It was concluded that the result of EEG and HRV are identically.


THE PAPER PRESENTED BELOW is an unusual and quite remarkable ethnography. It was written by Mr. Ying-jen Chang, currently an Instructor in Sociology at Hunter College, and a graduate student completing his Ph.D. in Sociology at the New School for Social Research. At the time this paper was written, Mr. Chang was a recently arrived immigrant from Taiwan, new to New York City, and enrolled in a graduate course in urban communities taught by Professor Arthur J. Vidich. Mr. Chang produced this study as a field report of his


Objective To explore the effect on growth and development and jaundice and sleep by neonate's hydrotherapy and touching.Methods Regular newborn 100 babys who would deliver after vagina eutocia were divided natural labor into the observation group(swimming group)and the contrast group(showering group),50 neonates each group(checking).①To observe the weight and length and upper arm circumference at the 10th day and the 28th day.② To note the time of meconium turn yellow,To note the serum bilirubin.③To note the time of newborn's sleep.Results There was significant difference in weight and length and upper arm circumference between two groups at 10th day and the 28th day(P0.05).There was significant difference in the time of meconium turn yellow and serum bilirubin between two groups at and the 5th day(P0.05).There was significant difference in the time of newborn's sleep between two groups(P0.05).There was not significant difference in the complication between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Neonate's hydrotherapy and touching could promote the growth and development.The morning being able to accelerate a meconium is discharged,it could decrease the jaundice degree,reduce high bilirubin of newborn baby effectively blood disease morbidity.It could improve the quality of sleep.


The expression of tissue dose for quantum radiation at the various energies now available is usually based on ionization measurements of x-ray exposure dose. Among the many dose meters that might be employed, the Victoreen condenser r-meter is most often used. An excellent calibration service for these meters has been offered by the National Bureau of Standards for a range of radiation qualities over a period of years. Not all Victoreen chambers, however, are referred to NBS for calibration, nor is calibration offered for all the radiation qualities now in use. Consequently, many installations may use Victoreen instruments as secondary standards without the advantage of calibration at a common reliable source. Furthermore, a variety of different calibration technics may be in use for the same quantum energy, the differences between which may be unknown. The present paper describes an intercomparison between five institutions: namely, Memorial Hospital (New York), Presbyterian Hospital (New York), The Edwa...


The introduction of en face silver staining to microsurgery has provided useful, detailed information about endothelial cells with regard to their size, shape, and number. With this staining method, endothelial cells of rat vein grafts have been morphologically investigated following division of the site of observation into three areas: the recipient artery, the proximal part of the vein graft, and the midportion of the vein graft. The results show that the arterial endothelial cells are small and spindle‐shaped, whereas the cells in the proximal vein graft location are larger. Finally, large, rounded endothelial cells are seen in the midportion of the graft. These results are quantitated through a computerized graphic analysis system, which provides estimations of the cell size, Feret's diameters, and irregularities in the cell borders. The combination of en face silver staining and computerized graphic analysis has been especially useful for comparing minute changes that occur in recovering/regenerating endothelial cells.


Commentary Typical epileptic seizures are recorded as large rhythmic electrical activity in the neocortex, hippocampus, and other brain structures. This activity is usually thought to be some form of abnormally synchronized synaptic activity, with or without excessive synchronized local neuronal firing (1). Synaptic models have dominated ideas of the basic mechanisms of epileptic discharges for many decades. Zhang and colleagues revisit the idea that neurons can be synchronized through nonsynaptic mechanisms, in particular by the electric fields their activity generates. The idea that mammalian neurons can be modulated by weak (a few mV/mm) extracellular electric fields is not new (2, 3), nor is the idea that such modulation can synchronize abnormal activity reminiscent of epilepsy under some experimental conditions (4). The challenge that Zhang and colleagues set themselves was to test whether these kinds of mechanisms play important roles in a conventional acute model of epilepsy induced in hippocampal slices by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). To test their hypotheses, Zhang and colleagues used an interesting unfolded hippocampal slice prepared from 10to 20-day-old mice. Such young tissue provides thinner and more viable slices, although the effects of evolving developmental features of newborn brain physiology, such as cation-chloride cotransporters, must be taken into acount (5). With the dentate gyrus removed, this leaves a flat sheet of tissue containing a layer of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells with their apical and basal dendrites and associated local circuitry. This slice is laid on an innovative specially built electrode array designed to penetrate stratum oriens and record from close to the pyramidal layer. The array has electrodes on a 300 × 400 μm grid. Interpolation of local field potentials generated 2D maps of propagating epileptic activity. The raw recordings required normalization of the peak voltages recorded at each electrode because amplitudes varied between electrodes. Epileptiform activity was induced by 100 μM 4-AP and took the form of repetitive brief "interictal"—but not seizure-like—activity. The waveforms differ from some others published for the 4-AP model, mainly in lacking high-frequency population spikes, probably related to the precise recording locations or to the nature of the electrodes. Propagation speeds in 4-AP were ~0.1 m/s under all conditions tested here: normal Ca, low-Ca to block synaptic transmission, and mefloquine to block gap junctions. As the authors reported, similar speeds occur in the low-Ca model without 4-AP (4). Similar propagation speeds are found for physiological phenomena in the presence of intact synaptic transmission: Two examples are given in the paper, for theta waves both in vivo and in vitro. The authors reasonably conclude that propagation is not mediated by synaptic transmission under lowor zero-Ca. One important question is whether the mechanism of propagation of 4-AP bursts is the same in the presence and absence of Ca. This may well be the case, but similar propagation speeds could conceivably result from different mechanisms (here, electric fields but synaptic networks e.g. in the case of experiments and simulations of disinhibited hippocampal slices (6).). The waveforms of the 4-AP induced epileptic activity differ between low and normal Ca, which is not surprising with the absence and presence of synaptic Propagation of Epileptiform Activity Can Be Independent of Synaptic Transmission, Gap Junctions, or Diffusion and Is Consistent with Electrical Field Transmission.


We have measured the critical velocity {upsilon}{sub c} at which {sup 3}He{minus}A in a rotating cylinder becomes unstable against the formation of quantized vortex lines with continuous (singularity-free) core structure. We find that {upsilon}{sub c} is distributed between a maximum and a minimum limit, which we ascribe to a dependence on the texture of the orbital angular momentun axis {bold {cflx l}}({bold r}) in the cylinder. Slow cooldown through T{sub c} in rotation yields {bold {cflx l}}({bold r}) textures for which the measured {upsilon}{sub c} {close_quote}s are in good agreement with the calculated instability of the expected {bold {cflx l}} texture. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Whether they realize it or not, trainees in virtual simulations and game-based simulation environments are exposed to computer-based intelligent tutors, virtual characters and other "intelligent agents" more and more. Today's intelligent tutors focus primarily on student progress relative to training objectives and performance outcomes. They generally provide every trainee the same instruction regardless of experience, competency level or state (e.g. cognitive, physical, affective state). Adaptive tutoring technologies are generally found in academic settings and have not made the leap to military training environments. Future military training systems (and likely operational systems) will evolve to include truly intelligent tutors and coaches. These intelligent tutors will oversee one-to-one tutoring experiences; assess the trainee's "readiness to learn" and other underlying influencers of performance; update and maintain complex trainee models in real-time; and use the trainee model to select appropriate instructional content and interventions specific to each trainee's needs and capabilities. This paper discusses some of the challenges in developing adaptive tutoring capabilities and the influences of machine perception in developing adaptive computer-based tutors.


This reviews investigate to compare acid precipitation that caused by air pollutant. The ecosystem investigated the effect of acid precipitation. The study of foreign acid precipitation and acid precipitation of Korea investigated and injury of acid precipitation is prevented and consider a plan that it is presented.


Calf blood flow (CBF), calf skin temperature, incubator wall and ambient temperature, and respiratory rate, were measured in 8 newborn infants 10 to 127 hours of age, who were treated by phototherapy because of jaundice. During phototherapy (within 30 min) the CBF increased to a range of 30 to 80% above the control values of 8.8 ± 0.9 ml/min/100 g. The CBF is correlated directly with the leg skin temperature (γ= 0.724 and 0.588 at 15 and 30 min after phototherapy respectively). The increase in CBF was associated with a fall in incubator ambient temperature, the latter is a result of the use of servo control unit in monitoring incubator temperature by epigastric skin temperature. The increase in CBF is probably evidence of peripheral vasodilatation to facilitate evaporative heat loss. An increase in respiratory rate was also observed during phototherapy. The observed increase in heat loss (and water loss) from vasodilatation and increased respiratory rate serve as a basis for the increase in insensible water loss as previously reported.


The ASTER scanner on NASA's Terra (EOS-AM1) satellite will collect five channels of TIR data with an NE ∆T of ≤0.3K to estimate surface kinetic temperatures and emissivity spectra, especially over land, where emissivities are not known in advance. Temperature/emissivity separation (TES) is difficult because there are five measurements but six unknowns. Various approaches have been used to constrain the extra degree of freedom. ASTER's TES algorithm hybridizes two established algorithms, first estimating the temperature and band emissivities by the Normalized Emissivity Method, and then normalizing the emissivities by their average value. Next, an empirical relationship adapted from the Alpha Residual method is used to predict the minimum emissivity from the spectral contrast (min-max difference or MMD) of the normalized values, permitting recovery of the emissivity spectrum with improved accuracy. TES uses an iterative approach to remove reflected sky irradiance. Input to TES consists of land-leaving radiances (compensated for atmospheric absorption and path radiance) and downwelling sky irradiance. Based on numerical simulation, TES can recover temperatures within about ±1.5 K, and emissivities within about ±0.015. Limitations arise from the empirical relationship between emissivity values and spectral contrast, compensation for reflected sky irradiance, and ASTER's precision, calibration, and atmospheric correction.


With more and more oil is produced from downhole, pressure of lower formation is obviously less than that of upper formation in oilfield,and this leads to difficulty in injection production well cementing operation, specially in long cementing segment well. Based on experiments, separable setting cement slurry which is composed of differently proportioned cements, loss filtrate reducer, dispersing agent, retarder, expanding agent and antifoaming agent was developed to adapt to long segment cementing operation. Comparing with conventional cement slurries, the cement slurry has much better characteristics in fluid property and stone strength which lead to improved cementing quality and formation damage controll. The slurry has been used in field and the results showed that operating pressure was reduced and formation breakdown was prevented; oil/gas channeling occurring in cementing in long segment caused by loss weight was effectively avoided. For it can rapidly plug complex formations in which leak and collapseare liable to occur,damage to formation can be controlled to the least. In addition, turbulent flow replacing of cement slurry in long segment can be achieved and cementing quality can be improved.


A new adaptive approach for simultaneously selecting the order and identifying the parameters of an AutoRegressive model (AR) is presented. The proposed algorithm is based on the reformulation of the problem in the standard state space form and the subsequent implementation of a bank of fast a posteriori error sequential technique (FAEST) filters, each fitting a different order model. The problem is reduced then to selecting the true model, using the Multi-Model Partitioning (MMP) theory. Simulations illustrate that the proposed method is selecting the correct model order and identifies the model parameters, even in the case that the true model order does not belong to the bank of FAEST filters. The use of FAEST filters, reduce the computational effort, especially in the case of large order AR models. Finally, the algorithm is parallel by nature and thus suitable for VLSI implementation.


Torpedo maculopathy is a congenital abnormality of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE), clinically manifesting as an asymptomatic well-circumscribed oval-shaped region of chorioretinal hypopigmentation located temporal to the macula with a torpedo-like tip directed toward the foveola [1,2]. Torpedo lesions are typically unilateral, and may be associated with varying degrees of hyperpigmentation. We describe a case of torpedo maculopathy in an 8-year-old Japanese boy.


Sir Warren Fisher, Permanent Secretary of the Treasury from 1919 to 1939, tried to make the Treasury a 'general staff', for all of Whitehall. He was official head of the civil service, and his Department co-ordinated policy by persuading ministers to decide priorities within a balanced budget. Treasury advice on what policy should be was influential, partly because of the absence of a fully developed Cabinet Office or Prime Minister's Office. Treasury control of expenditure was also necessary to ensure that spending departments conformed to Cabinet decisions on priorities. The Treasury exercised a powerful influence, however, only so long as the Cabinet accepted the financial orthodoxy of balanced budgets.


In recent years, enhanced cross-border cooperation and regional economic integration have gained global focus. Economic integration results in increased cross-border activities and networks, facilitating local and regional value chains and inter-linkages with national and global markets. An important way to


The persistence of chemotherapy-induced senescent cancer cells is a barrier to achieving complete response. Tonnessen-Murray et al. reveal that these senescent cells acquire a phagocytic gene expression program and completely engulf and degrade whole cells in the lysosome, enhancing their survival.


Ads are becoming more and more importent with the develepment of market economy . In this essay ,the author emphasizes the four characters of ads propageting of Shen Daily in order to give some hints to the develepment of today's ads.


Communication and signal processing courses are the cornerstone of electrical engineering studies and other related fields. Due to the nature of the subjects, most of the concepts are modeled with mathematical equations. Experimentation is one of the important components that helps students gain more understanding in the practical applications of those concepts and get motivated. Software defined radio makes it possible to experiment and demonstrate concepts in communication and signal processing with real radio signals. However, software defined radio systems are usually expensive; providing software defined radio experimental sets that are accessible to every student can cost a considerable amount of budget. Therefore this work proposes a way to minimize the cost of using software defined radio as an educational tool by combining an ordinary digital TV tuner with a special software framework written in Python into an affordable software defined radio experimental kit. The way this experimental kit works is, a radio signal will be received into the computer via the digital TV tuner that operated with the custom driver called RTL-SDR, and then the received signal will be processed with a Python signal processing script. With the aid of the created software framework, writing a signal processing script can be much easier than using only the Python standard libraries. With this combination of inexpensive hardware and the provided software framework, the kit enables many possibilities for utilizing real world signals in classroom demonstrations and experiments. An example of using the kit for demonstrating the concept of narrowband FM demodulation is presented in this paper to show the overall workflow and how this work might be integrated into a curriculum.


Sphinx is the new name of the facility developed for soft X-ray production at Centre d'Etudes de Gramat (CEG), France. This facility is based on the ECF2 generator which was designed as a 1-3 MJ, 1 μs rise time, 5-10 MA current driver. In this paper, we present a detailed view of the technology used for the capacitor bank, for the central vacuum part and for the Z-pinch loads. The capacitor bank is based on the I microsecond LTD technology; it now stores 1 MJ with 12 parallel coaxial lines and 8 LTD stages per line (charged under 50 kV). We plan to have within the next 2 years, 3 MJ stored energy with 16 lines, 10 LTD stages per line (charged under 70 kV). Improvements made on the LTD stages (8 μF, 16 nH, 7.5 mOhm) and on the trigger system will be presented. The modularity of this driver and the design of central vacuum part allow to test different schemes: flux compression as power amplification stage and direct drive Z-pinches are now the main experimental setups under tests. We give details on the mechanical arrangements and some examples of experimental results, including aluminum K-shell radiation produced from 800 ns implosion time nested wire arrays.


ABSTRACT Here we introduce an order version of the alternative zero-inflated logarithmic series distribution of Kumar and Riyaz [14] and investigate some of its important properties by deriving an expression for its probability mass function, recurrence relations for its probabilities, raw moments and factorial moments. We discuss the estimation of the parameters of the distribution by the method of maximum likelihood. Certain test procedures are developed for testing the significance of the additional parameters of the model. All these procedures discussed in the paper are illustrated with the help of real life data sets. A simulation study is also considered for assessing the performance of the estimators.


This paper contains some results related to a holomorphic extension of integrable functions f , defined on the boundary of D ⊂ C, n > 1, into this area. It's about integrable functions with one-dimensional holomorphic extension property along the complex lines. In the complex plane C results about functions with one-dimensional holomorphic extension property is trivial. Therefore, our results are significantly multidimensional. In papers [1–3] considered sufficient conditions for families of holomorphic extension of integrable functions of complex lines, passing through an open set, belonging to the field D, through the germ generating manifolds in the complex hypersurface. For instance, Globevnik [4] shows that for continuous functions on the boundary of n points is not sufficient for holomorphic continuation. The paper [5] consider, a family of complex lines passing through the final (n+ 1) the number of points lying in the n-circular field D in C and f continuous on the boundary. In this paper we generalize this result for integrable functions. Let D be a complete strictly convex bounded region in C with smooth boundary and with center at zero, ie, together with each point z = (z 1 , . . . , z n) ∈ D, it contains polydisc


In this paper, we consider the 2D tomography problem for a finite number of point sources, where the line integral projections are taken at unknown angles. We address the problem of recovering the point sources and estimating the projection angles. Using the property of the Radon transform of a point source, which is a signal with Finite Rate of Innovation, we retrieve the projections using the annihilating filter method. The reconstruction method we propose is then able to unveil the 2D geometric information of the projection angles, as well as the locations of the point sources. Finally, we extend the approach to planar polygons.


The microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics prepared by the high-energy ball milling were studied. The varistor ceramics samples were characterized by XRD and SEM analysis, as well as by dc electrical measurements, such as the nonlinearity coefficients, leakage current and threshold voltage. The best electrical characteristics were found in sample by the high-energy ball milling 1 h and sintered at 1000 °C for 2 h, which exhibited the threshold voltage was 457 V/mm, the nonlinear coefficient was 59.3 and the leakage current was 1.18 μA.


In this paper, the performance of a prototypical IEEE 802.16e network is analyzed via link and system simulations. The exponential effective SIR mapping (EESM) is used to map the instantaneous SINR of received signals to a service-specific packet erasure rate (PER), which is in turn used to assess the downlink and uplink network and user data throughput. A variety of data traffic models are considered, including web browsing (HTTP) and full buffer sessions, operating in flat-fading and frequency-selective multipath channels such as the ITU Pedestrian-B model. The downlink network performance of the prototypical IEEE 802.16e network is compared to a 3GPP UMTS high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) system of similar physical dimensions. System simulation results for the prototypical IEEE 802.16e network considered show-when frequency-selective scheduling is not applied-that the IEEE 802.16e downlink has similar throughput performance as HSDPA for a 70/30 TDD DL/UL frame split but approximately 40%-50% higher spectral efficiency, although control channel overhead and uplink capacity limitation remain significant open issues for further study


Catalytic CO2 reduction mediated by Ru-PNP pincer complexes has been
studied using density functional theory (DFT). Calculations clearly
reveal that modification of the PNP pincer framework by introducing
planar conjugation in the backbone improves the catalytic efficiency.
Activation strain model reveals that reduction of strain in the
transition states with modified PNP framework associated with the
insertion of CO2 molecule is responsible for lowering the activation
barrier. Calculations also reveal that electron withdrawing substituents
at the PNP ligand improves the catalytic performance.


A.G. Bailey talks about: whether sociocultural environment or the individual is responsible for innovation; New Brunswick as a crossroads of mental interaction; his interest in history; his early life in Quebec; what first stirred his interest in poetry; his time at the University of Toronto; writers that have influenced and excited him over the years; his time as a journalist; doing his PhD in History and Anthropology; the Nameless Society; working at the New Brunswick Museum in Saint John; the founding of the History department at the University of New Brunswick; his work improving the UNB library and establishing its archives collection; and initiating the Bliss Carman society and The Fiddlehead.


The new smart high-voltage gate drivers, the IXBD4410 and the IXBD4411, were designed to drive and protect power MOS and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices and modules in a phase leg or a totem pole inverter output configuration. These gate drivers function reliably under extreme d nu /dt and di/dt noise environments, with the half bridge inverter output voltages limited only by the breakdown of the external discrete devices. The IXBD4410 provides a diagnostic fault output flag, reflecting the condition of not only the low side but the high side device in a half bridge application. The IXBD4410 family devices can be configured to detect operating overcurrents using a resistor in series with the power device source, or by using one of several desaturation sense circuits presented. If the drive current output of the IXBD4410 is not adequate, a simple circuit consisting of a pair of complementary bipolar transistors can be placed between the IXBD4410 family device and the power MOS, IGBT, or module.<<ETX>>


With the data of A-share listed in 2004,the key firm operating performance indexes were gotten by means of the method of Main Factor Analysis without the influence of industry factor.On the basis of the combination of many share holders and the related shares,the research showed that the operating performance of the check-and-balance ownership structure firms was much lower than that of the single-large-shareholder structure firms significantly compared with the operating performance of the two kinds of differently structured firms,which was considered to be related to the unique institutional background in China.


The location-based services for Internet of Things (IoTs) have attracted extensive research effort during the last decades. Wi-Fi fingerprinting with received signal strength indicator (RSSI) has been widely adopted in vast indoor localization systems due to its relatively low cost and the potency for high accuracy. However, the fluctuation of wireless signal resulting from environment uncertainties leads to considerable variations on RSSIs, which poses grand challenges to the fingerprint-based indoor localization regarding positioning accuracy. In this paper, we propose a top-down searching method using a deep reinforcement learning agent to tackle environment dynamics in indoor positioning with Wi-Fi fingerprints. Our model learns an action policy that is capable to localize 75% of the targets in an area of 25000m2 within 0.55m.


Resumen en: We present preliminary results from an XMM-Newton observation of the bright, nearby (18 Mpc) Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 6300. We observe difuse soft (0.1-2 keV...


Wolgast, M., Elinder, G. and Källskog, Ö. (Department of Physiology and Medical Biophysics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the neonate kidney. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 305: 66–69, 1983.—In the neonate kidney the glomerular filtration rate is generally depressed both in absolute terms and when calculated per gram kidney weight. Micropuncture studies have revealed that this phenomenon is due, not to changes in the driving pressures or the hydraulic conductivity of the glomerular capillary membrane, but to a retarded glomerular blood flow. A retarded flow will thus mean a steep rise in the protein concentration in parallel to the filtration of the protein‐free filtrate. The corresponding steep rise of the colloid osmotic pressure will then induce cessation of the filtration in the distal parts of the glomerular capillary. In dehydrated states this phenomenon will be even more aggravated. An extracellular volume expansion with saline induces relaxation of the two arterioies with subsequent rise in the glomerular blood flow. The rise in the colloid osmotic pressure along the capillary is then less and the filtration can proceed along the whole of the glomerulus. Accordingly the glomerular filtration rate will be increased, reaching figures typical of the mature kidney.


This paper will present a brief overview of the recent shifts within English and EAL/D (English as an additional language/dialect) curriculum documents and their focus on critical literacy, using the Queensland context as a case in point. The English syllabus landscape in Queensland has continued to morph in recent years. From 2002 to 2009, teachers of senior English and English as an Additional Language (EAL/D) have witnessed no less than four separate syllabus documents that impact on their daily work. The Australian Curriculum, when finally implemented, will also require teachers to navigate through and grapple with its particular obligations and affordances. The combined effect of the shifts and tensions between recent policy documents has led to confusion about exactly how to cater for EAL/D learners in mainstream English. We discuss the possible effects of this on teachers as the agents of policy implementation and argue that in spite of such contradictions, EAL/D teachers can productively use syllabus frameworks to craft pedagogy to cater for their EAL/D learners' language and literacy needs. Following this, we present aspects of the teaching practice of four teachers of senior EAL/D, who provide intellectually-engaging, critical literacy pedagogy that takes into account the language proficiency level of their learners, within the required curriculum. Such practice provides teachers with valuable pedagogic possibilities to meet EAL/D learners' needs within continually varying policy terrain.


Studying the spatial-temporal differences and dynamic changes of balance degrees on land use in Hubei Province has important significance for the optimal allocation of regional land resources and the coordinated development of economy, society and ecology. This study is based on relevant data on economic, social and ecological aspects of Hubei Province from 2008 to 2016, using GIS spatial analysis, exponential calculation models, and cluster analysis methods, to analyze spatial-temporal differences of balance degrees on land use in Hubei Province. The results show that: during the above period, the overall spatial-temporal balance of land use in Hubei Province has its own characteristics. 1) In time, there is a tendency for fluctuations to rise. The cities in the province showed a trend of narrowing the gap, which mainly characterized by the change of non-equilibrium and basic equilibrium into general equilibrium and significant equilibrium. 2) In space, Hubei Province presents obvious regional differences, which has undergone an evolutionary process from discrete to multipolar distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the rational use of regional land in Hubei Province according to the actual situation of the land use space balance of cities.


Aim: We are interested in whether the LKM intervention has the potential to decrease depression and increase self-compassion. Self-compassionate coping was examined as a mediating variable. Methods: A sample of 57 university students underwent a pretest-posttest design. Self-compassion was measured with the Self-Compassion Scale, depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9, and self-compassionate coping was assessed using the Self-Compassionate Coping Measure. Participants completed all measures at both pre and posttest. Between both measurement moments there were 12 days in which participants followed either the LKM or a control exercise daily. Repeated measures ANOVAs and a simple mediation analysis were performed. Results: Over time, both groups decreased in their depression and increased in their self-compassion scores. Assignment to the LKM condition did not result in significantly higher self-compassion scores compared to control. We found a significant effect of LKM for depressive symptoms only when controlling for successfully completed homework exercises. Self-Compassionate coping did not emerge as significant mediator in our statistical analysis. Conclusion: The results indicate a mixed picture regarding the efficacy of LKM in reducing depression and increasing self-compassion. Both conditions were possibly too similar and involved helpful elements. Further research into the antidepressant utility of LKM is warranted to understand the exact mechanisms of action.


There is no doubt that Americans are not physically active enough. Only 45% of adults get the recommended 30 minutes of physical activity on five or more days per week, and adolescents are similarly inactive. 1,2 Regular physical activity improves aerobic capacity, muscular strength, body agility and coordination , and metabolic functioning. 3 Those who are physically active have a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, 4 – 9 ischemic stroke, 10,11 type 2 (non-80 *Insufficient evidence means that we were not able to determine whether or not the intervention works.


Factors associated with mortality and disease progression in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are poorly understood.


Cosensitization of two dyes with different molecular sizes and photovoltaic characteristics is demonstrated to successfully prevent the "trade-off" effect, leading to an excellent power-conversion efficiency of 10.09% under one-sun and 11.12% under 0.3 sun 4 irradiation.


This text discusses McDowell's position with regard to particular problems of
 Wittgenstein's philosophy, primarily through his criticism of Saul Kripke's
 and Crispin Wright's interpretation of Wittgenstein's understanding of rules.
 What these interpretations have in common are certain perspectives of the
 possibility of grasping rules, when the solution differs both from the
 explanation through interpretation and from the platonism of rules. According
 to McDowell, Kripke's and Wright's interpretation state that congruence of
 individuals and their behavior, that is, their use of language, comes before
 language norms and meanings. Normativity of linguistic rules is eliminated in
 this way, that is, it is compensated with description of current public use
 of language which basically does not follow Wittgenstein's initial intention.
 Contrary to this, McDowell speaks about Wittgenstein's emphasis placed on the
 autonomy of rules, as well as on the implicit normative basis of forms of
 life. The last part of the text considers justifiability of McDowell's
 criticism of these two interpretations. It is also emphasized that beside the
 fact that particular objections referring to the importance of practice and
 interpretation are not sufficiently founded in writings of Kripke and Wright,
 there still is a significant criticism, which has substantially contributed
 to understanding Wittgenstein's positions regarding rules and their practical
 basis. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179049]


Automotive electronics components industry is an important factor to restrict the development of automobile industry.We can manufacture inexpensive and high-quality components only after mastering some core technologies and establishing some strict administration systems.This paper presents some characteristics of automotive electronics technology,and proposes some suggestions to solve problems by the analysis of international and domestic status quo of automotive electronics components industry.


Shimomura, Y. et al., "Purification and Partial Characteriza tion of 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-coenzyme A Hydrolase of Rat Liver", J. Biol. Chem., 269: 14248-14253 (1994). Corkey, B.E. et al., "Regulation of the Branched Chain C-Ketoacid Pathway in Liver", J. Biol. Chem., 257: 9668–9676 (1982). Brown, G.K. et al., "B-Hydroxyisbutyryl Coenzyme A Deacylase Deficiency: A Defect in Valine Metabolism Asso ciated with Physical Malformations", Pediatrics, 70: 532–538 (1982). Hawes, J.W. et al., "Primary Structure and Tissue-specific Expression of Human B-Hydroxyisobutyryl-coenzyme A Hydrolase", J. Biol. Chem., 271: 26430–26434 (1996).


Review(s) of: When Cooperation Fails: The International Law and Politics of Genetically Modified Organisms, by Mark A Pollack and Gregory C Shaffer (New York, US: Oxford University Press, 2009) 464 Pages. Price 50 (Hardback) ISBN 9780199237289. Includes footnotes.


The children's press during Israel's War of Independence sheds light on the way the home front dealt with a prolonged war in which there was no clear distinction between front and rear. The article surveys five newspapers, representing the gamut of political and ideological views in Israeli society at the time. Viewing themselves as nurturing the new generation of Hebrew readers in terms of loyalty toward homeland and the Zionist vision, these newspapers sought to instruct children in how they could take part in the heroic struggle. They provided little refuge from the wartime atmosphere, filling their pages with descriptions, information, and stories centering on the events of the war and the bravery of the fighters. The children's own contributions, their reports of their efforts to participate in the war effort and their expressions of sympathy and admiration for the fighting forces, reveal that the message of obedience, self-discipline, and patriotic commitment was, for the most part, well internalized.


All the countries in the world depend mostly on exhaustible hydrocarbon energy sources for power generation. Limited reserves of these resources and associated environmental problems have emphasized the need for sustainable and clean alternatives. Wind energy is one of the most environment friendly, clean and safe energy resources. This paper presents the policies and an initiative adopted for growth of wind power generation in India and also explains the challenges in its development.


The invention discloses a subway station capable of effectively relieving crowd congestion in a subway. The subway station mainly comprises a main station arranged at the middle part and two subway tunnels arranged at two sides of the main station, wherein, two auxiliary stations and a plurality of auxiliary channels through which passengers exit from the station are additionally arranged at the subway station; the auxiliary stations are respectively and symmetrically arranged at sides close to tunnel walls, of the subway tunnels; and the plurality of the auxiliary channels are arranged in the auxiliary stations. The subway station has a simple structure, and the congestion phenomenon of the passengers who enter into and exit from the subway station during rush hours can be effectively solved by means of the subway station, thus enhancing positive operation of the whole subway system; and during the implementation process, the invested reconstruction fund is less, the reconstruction construction period is short, and the subway system can completely run as usual in the construction period, thus being very convenient for the whole reconstruction process.


Key discipline is an important sign of university teaching,scientific research level and the overall strength,is the core content of connotation construction to schools.This paper analysis the actuality and major problem of Human Geography key discipline(Anhui province) of West Anhui University,propose development pathway and major contents of key discipline for place appliance college,emphasize discussion of three aspects about the key discipline.


An FPGA-based handwriting recognition system is proposed in this paper, which uses convolutional neural network algorithm to realize the recognition of MNIST digital sets. Hardware design techniques including image cropping, convolution, activation functions, pooling, pipeline processing, and parallel processing of multiple convolution kernels are described. Using the characteristics of parallel computing of hardware circuits, the processing speed of the MNIST digital set detection system is accelerated. The proposed MNIST detection architecture is designed using the Verilog HDL and implemented in the Altera DE2 FPGA development board.


The Auld Lang Syne Group incorporates the most westerly lower Mesozoic rocks in northern Nevada whose deposition can be related to the continent. Chinle and Auld Lang Syne strata are interpreted as remnants of related alluvial and marine deposition that represent a Late Triassic overlap of the Golconda allochthon in central Nevada and thus place an upper age limit on accretion of this allochthon to North America. Three successive major influxes of fine-grained terrigenous clastic sediment from an eastern source are recorded in the marine Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic rocks of the Auld Lang Syne Group in northwest Nevada. These events may correspond to major cycles of fluvial deposition observed in the nearest significant outcrops of Upper Triassic rocks to the east, those of the Chinle Formation 500 km (310 mi) away in eastcentral Utah. A genetic relationship between these widely separated sedimentary sequences, suggested by the possibility of equating cycles of fluvial delivery of sediment to cycles of deposition in the marine environment, is also supported by similarities in their compositions and by the nature of a single, isolated exposure of the Chinle in the intervening region of northeastern Nevada. By extrapolation from the relatively well-dated marine rocks in northwestern Nevada, deposition of the Monitor Butte Member and higher parts of the Chinle Formation in Utah may not have begun until Norian (mid Late Triassic) time and may have continued into earliest Jurassic time with important consequences for dating nonmarine fossils and paleomagnetic poles from the red beds of the Colorado Plateau.


Backpropagation is one method of artificial neural network that can make a prediction for a new data with learning by supervised of the past data. The learning process of backpropagation method will become slow if we give too much data for backpropagation method to learn the data. Multithreading with a separate data inside of each thread are being used in order to improve the performance of backpropagtion method . Base on the research for 39 data and also 5 times experiment with separate data into 2 thread, the result showed that the average epoch become 6490 when using 2 thread and 453049 epoch when using only 1 thread. The most lowest epoch for 2 thread is 1295 and 1 thread is 356116. The process of improvement is caused by the minimum error from 2 thread that has been compared to take the weight and bias value. This process will be repeat as long as the backpropagation do learning.


Hydrogen-like dark atoms interact with standard matter because of two mixings, a kinetic mixing between standard photons and dark massless photons and a mass mixing of σ mesons and dark scalars. After having thermalized in terrestrial matter, they reach underground detectors with thermal energies and form bound states with atoms in the active media, which causes the emission of photons that produce the observed signals. The model explains well the positive results from DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT without any contradiction with the null results from XENON100, LUX, CDMS-II/Ge and superCDMS.


In this paper,GPS technology is applied to navigation of an amphibious robot.On the basis of Embedded Operating System,a GPS based navigation system of amphibious robots is designed and implemented.A GPS hardware system is con- structed.Besides,a software implementing method is discussedthat collects and processes the output data from GPS receiver based on ARM.The motion track of an amphibious robot is monitoured continuously using guess projection that translates WGS- 84 into guess plane coordinates.


Statement of problem: For a successful clinical outcome, luting agents should have a high bond strength. Bond failure is still one of the main reasons of restoration failures. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate tensile bond strength of PEEK with two different resin cements. Materials and methodology: Two self-adhesive cements (RelyX Unicem, G-CEM LinkAce), twenty permanent human premolars were used. In the present experimental study, teeth were prepared to receive copings with a chamfer bur at high speed cooled with an air/water spray. PEEK copings were fabricated and specimens were divided into two groups based on the type of cement used. The tensile load required to de-bond the crowns was measured using universal testing machine with a cross speed of 1mm/min. The data was analysed by paired t test. Results: The maximum and minimum amounts of bond strength were seen in RelyX Unicem and G-CEM LinkAce cements respectively. Despite this different bond values in cements, paired t test disclosed significant difference between groups in the mean amount of bond strength (p-value=0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the results of the study, it was concluded that G-CEM LinkAce presented higher bond strength.


We describe how a finite-state automorphism of a regular rooted tree changes
the Bernoulli measure on the boundary of the tree. It turns out that a
finite-state automorphism of polynomial growth, as defined by S. Sidki,
preserves a measure class of a Bernoulli measure, and we write down the
explicit formula for its Radon-Nikodym derivative. On the other hand, the
image of the Bernoulli measure under the action of a strongly connected
finite-state automorphism is singular to the measure itself.


and MERMITHIDAE. Gmelin (1788) divided the genus Gordius into Gordius and Filaria. Dujardin (1842) named the genus Mermis and considered it belonged among the nematodes. Creplin (1847) separated the genus Chordodes from Gordius. Villot in his monograph (1874) referred all 34 of the then known species of GORDIACEA to Gordius, but Chordodes was accepted and clearly defined by Janda (1893). Camerano (1897) added the genera Paragordius and Parachordodes. Camerano's (1915) revision listed 113 species which he considered valid. Most of the taxonomic studies of GORDIACEA in America have been made by Montgomery (1898-1907). May (1919) described the families GORDIIDAE and CHORDODIDAE and studied the life cycles of Gordius robustus Leidy and Paragordius varius (Leidy). G. W. Muller (1927) split the genus Parachordodes into Parachordodes and Gordionus. Heinze (1933-1937) erected the genera Beatogordius (1934), Paragordionus (1935), Chordodiolus (1935) and Euchordodes (1937), and four subfamilies (1935) of CHORDODIDAE. Heinze (1937) also developed new techniques in preparing specimens (especially the cuticula) for study. Dorier (1930) showed that larvae of GORDIACEA may encyst on vegetation and infect their host by mouth. Many species of GORDIACEA have been named without sufficient description to distinguish them. Identification must be based on details of the extremities and especially on the minute structure of the cuticula: its areolae, pore canals, furrows, tubercles, bristles.


FIGURE 1. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of our patient demonstrating a subependymal nodule along the right ventricular margin. P mation of lymphatic vessels in the small intestine, which results in poor lymphatic drainage and ultimately loss of lymphatic fluid into the small bowel lumen (1). Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition that is characterized by benign hamartomatous growths, which can affect any organ system. A mutation in either the TSC1 (hamartin) or TSC2 (tuberin) genes can be identified in 75% to 90% of individuals who fulfill the criteria for the clinical diagnosis of TSC (2). Individuals with a pathogenic TSC2 variant present with a more severe phenotype than those with TSC1 mutations (3). TSC has been reported in association with PIL in only 1 previous individual (4), a child with a TSC2 mutation. This child developed PIL symptoms during the first year of life, after a formal diagnosis of TSC at 2 months of age. To our knowledge we report only the second case of concurrent TSC and PIL, in particular this is the first where the TSC diagnosis was made subsequent to that of PIL. Our patient was a 5-week-old boy who presented with right lower limb swelling secondary to lymphoedema, abdominal distension, and hypoalbuminemia in the setting of poor feeding and slow weight gain. He was born via a normal delivery at term gestation following an uncomplicated pregnancy. There was no significant family history. PIL was confirmed at 8 weeks of age via an intestinal biopsy that revealed dilated lymphatic vessels within the lamina propria. The patient was managed with low long-chain triglyceride and high medium-chain triglyceride formula and regular albumin infusions, with improvement in clinical symptomatology and serum albumin. Our patient developed seizures at 16 months of age. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a moderate tuber load throughout multiple cerebral lobes and scattered subependymal nodules, consistent with TSC (see Fig. 1). Genetic testing identified a variant in the TSC1 gene (c.1498C>T;p.Arg500Ter), which has been previously reported as pathogenic (5).


Cd-1′, Cd-2, Cd-3, and Cd-4 have been synthesized in DMF–H2O systems. SCSC transformation products Cd-5, Cd-6, and Cd-7 were obtained through solvent-induced strategy and reversible phase transitions were observed, as was a turn-on–off Fe3+ ion fluorescence sensor.


There is increasing interest in replacing carpeted flooring with hard-surfaced flooring. Changing from soft-surfaced to hard-surfaced floors always results in an increase in the liveness of hard-flooring rooms and increased impact noise in lower rooms due to reduced impact isolation performance of the revised floor/ceiling assembly. An effective underlayment between the subfloor and the hard-surfaced flooring must be carefully selected and evaluated for ultimate compliance with floor/ceiling assembly performance requirements. In addition, any overall increase in flooring thickness is a major concern. This paper presents optimized field performance testing of several condominiums in a luxury multi-family residential complex for which the homeowner's association had set strict performance and testing requirements. Failure meant restoring the flooring to its original condition. A series of in situ and special field tests were undertaken to assist in the selection of qualifying underlayment systems for the desired hard-surfaced flooring. In situ, client-preferred, flooring samples were installed by the respective flooring contractors. Special field tests that involved the preferred systems and other flooring/underlayment combinations were conducted in a vacant two-story residence. In the in situ and vacant testing locations, the respective variables at each location were the different flooring and multiple underlayment systems.


Revealing and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is one of the most actively investigated field of oncology. It was established by the past time studies that some of these cells were in condition of apoptosis and so couldn't initiate formation of a clinically significant metastasis. The novel opportunities associated with development of computer technologies and interferential microscopes facilitate the solution of many medico-biological problems. One of them is a method of determination of CTCs functional condition based on the phase-interferential characteristics of their nuclear structures which reflect cellular metabolic and proliferative activity and are the markers of their malignant transformation. The analysis was carried out of the morphodensitometric biomarkers of the metastatic activity of circulating tumorous cells including conformational alterations of their nuclear structures. The reference collection of phase images of metastatic cells was created as well as the data of the morphodensitometric parameters of their metabolic activity was received. A new information was received about heterogeneity of the circulating tumorous cells with different metastatic activity which allows the broadening of fundamental scientific knowledge concerning cancerogenesis, individualization of the observation and treatment of patients, improvement of the quality of treatment, and optimization of its cost.


Murray's scholarly and timely target article does much to put things back into perspective and reinstates nineteenth-century contributions later either lost or misattributed. He is to be warmly thanked. There are two ways of looking at psychophysics, however; either as the roots of experimental psychology, which Murray does meticulously, or as applied mathematics. From the latter viewpoint, Murray's account is like an artist trying to draw a still life of a fish from which, unfortunately, his cat has already chewed off the head and the tail. No matter how accurately he delineates what remains (which admittedly are the guts of the fish) essential fish qualities are lost. The mathematics of Fechner are not sophisticated, even by the standards of his time. Precursors had used linear differential equations on psychological topics before him, and he knew of some. Setting aside some sensation ratio model equations written in the mid 1700s from Tartu (Dorpat) in Estonia, the best starting point is still Herbart's (1812) paper on the strength of a given impression as a function of its observed duration; this was obviously well ahead of his contemporaries, both in the detailed consideration of sensory processes and the use of differential equations in model construction. The radical step in the argument, which was apparently dropped from psychophysics for some time, or rather partialled out to become the separate study .of reaction times, comes when Herbart states "Both the absolute, and the relative strengths are Functions of Time. The word 'function' is here taken in the mathematical sense, as it means a changing magnitude which itself depends on another thing changing." The great interest for the modern mathematical psychologist is that Herbart used no stochastic theory; the equations antedate the partition into deterministic and probabilistic parts which Gauss introduced a bit later in his theory of errors. At the same time, many technical devices used by Herbart are familiar, and the emphasis on conceptualising processes as extending in real time, and converging on stability, is a precursor to aspects of dynamical systems theory that surface again with Lyapunov's habilitation thesis in 1892 (Goldner 1983). Contemporary mathematical developments in nonlinear systems theory (Wiggins 1990) make it possible to reexamine the fundamental questions which Herbart insightfully addressed; the computational difficulties that blocked him, and perhaps dissuaded his successors from exploring the same algebraic structures, no longer impede or intimidate us. Obviously Fechner's mathematics were not unique in his own day. Sprung and Sprung (1987) note that a tradition of "Physik der inneren Erfahrung" tracing from Euler and Herbart to Drobisch was alive; indeed Drobisch (who is misspelt as Frobisch in Adler's translation of Fechner's Elemente) had published two texts before Fechner. They were Empirische Psychologie in 1842 and Grundlehren der mathematischen Psychologie in 1850. Fechner was aware of both, and cites Drobisch. Sometime professor of mathematics at Leipzig, Drobisch (1861) promptly amended the derivation of Fechner's formulae. Kiilpe (1893) refers explicitly to this tradition; it is in opposition to the Kantian stance denying the possibility of psychological measurement which Murray properly associates with von Kries. It is not even the case that Fechner's extensive treatment of the Method of Limits is original; the method goes back at least to 1827 with Delezenne, and the early evidence for Weber's Law rests on data obtained by that method; indeed the two stand or fall together. Weber used the method in 1831 in Anotationes Commentary /Murray: History of psychophysics


This paper discusses colorants found in Tumulus MM, the tomb of King Midas or his father, at Gordion, the capital of the Phrygian kingdom. Chromophores, colorants, and auxiliaries are preserved largely independent of the textiles they once colored. The Tumulus MM textiles are now fragmentary due to the degradation processes that occurred inside the tomb chamber. For DHA 26 (Vienna, Austria, 2007), we discussed a group of golden-yellow fragments from Tumulus MM that appeared to be tabby cloth but were skeletal lattices of goethite, αFeOOH (yellow ochre), as identified by FTIR, with SEM/EDS, XRD with molybdenum Kα radiation, NIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The "dyeing" has been replicated using a patented method; originally it may have involved a controlled redox reaction, based on our preliminary experiments. Amidst the goethite lattices, some skeletal fragments were green, with near-black lines within the yarn spiral, identified as indigo by FTIR at the time. Other masses with colorations of red, orange/brown, and purple with deep red veins did not yield identifiable inorganic coloration profiles with SEM/EDS. A purple fragment (2003-Tx-6 Front) was assayed by ICP-MS for mordants and for bromine, but neither could be found. Recently, direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) enabled us to successfully detect organic colorants. For one fragment, indoxyl, isatin, indigo, and leuco-indigo were identified. One striated red-to-brown mass (2003-Tx-3) contained alizarin, purpurin, xanthopurpurin, lucidin, and other madder substituents; it also contained indigo/isatin but neither indoxyl nor leuco-indigo. Other beige-brown masses like 2003-Tx-5 sometimes contained alizarin, xanthopurpurin, rubiadin, and lucidin but rarely purpurin or indigo-related compounds. The purple (2003-Tx-6) shared the madder analogues with browner hues. The versatility appears related to that found in Anatolian pile carpets and flat weaves. Our new analyses confirm that the Phrygian textile colorists were indeed superb, versatile dyers.


Taxonomy of Isoetes L. largely rests on megaspore and microspore wall ornamentation and spore size. These characters have been reevaluated and the range of their variability is described (SEM photographs). Eight species of Isoetes are recognized for northeastern North America: I. macrospora, I. hieroglyphica, I. tuckermanii, I. riparia, I. acadiensis, I. echinospora, I. eatonii, and I. engelmannii. Each species is provided with a revised list of synonyms, description, ecological notes, representative specimens, and distribution maps. A key to species is provided.


Photo-excited precession of magnetization in (Ga,Mn)As is investigated by measuring time-resolved magneto-optical response and transient differential reflectivity with pump-and-probe technique. In the time region less than 1 ps, rapidly oscillating and spike-like signals are observed, respectively, with excitation of below and above the GaAs band gap. Analysis with gyromagnetic model and autocorrelation function concludes that those signals are not attributed to ultrafast demagnetization but due to interference between pump and probe pulses incorporating sub-ps carrier dynamics characteristic of low-temperature grown semiconductors. Photo-ionization of Mn ions (Mn2+ -> Mn3+) is proposed as a mechanism which dynamically induces orbital angular momentum and affects hole-mediated magnetic anisotropy in (Ga,Mn)As.


In this paper, the L-probe patch antenna is studied using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method because of its flexibility and efficiency in solving complex heterogeneous geometries. The Berenger's perfectly matched layer (PML) is used as the absorbing boundary condition (ABC). Extensive numerical results of the parametric study are presented. Characteristics including input impedance, and far-field radiation patterns are considered. The simulation results confirm the broadband characteristic of the antenna. In order to provide some design information, the variation of input impedance at resonance with different parameters is plotted on a Smith chart.


Discrepancy theory investigates how uniform nonrandom structures can be. For example, given n points in the plane, how should we color them red and blue so as to minimize the difference between the number of red points and the number of blue ones within any disk? Or, how should we place n points in the unit square so that the number of points that lie within any given triangle in the square is as close as possible to n times the area of the triangle? Questions of this nature have direct relevance to computational geometry for two reasons. One of them is their close association with the problem of derandomizing probabilistic algorithms. Such algorithms are often based on random sampling and discrepancy theory provides tools for carrying out the sampling deterministically. This has led to the intriguing fact that virtually all of the important problems in low-dimensional computational geometry can be solved as efficiently deterministically as probabilistically. The second application of discrepancy theory to computational geometry is in the area of lower bounds for multidimensional searching. The complexity of these problems is often tied to spectral properties of geometric set systems, which themselves lie at the heart of geometric discrepancy theory.


A family of the Maclaren–Marsaglia cryptographic generators for pseudorandom sequences is considered. A probabilistic model of the memory dynamics for the Maclaren–Marsaglia generators is proposed and analyzed. The results of computer experiments are presented.


The web has a short history, but has grown at an exponential pace since its introduction six years ago. Web-based simulation represents the connection between the web and the field of simulation. Web based simulation is not an existing field but rather an idea which represents an interest on the part of simulationists to exploit web technology. To further this cause, I present some issues and concepts in web based simulation to serve as a back drop for a more formal discussion, and potentially the formation of a new simulation sub-area.


This article analyses the varying contemporary and later responses to Robert Southey's Life of Wesley (1820). Acclaimed for its literary qualities, its appearance in the shadow of the Evangelical Revival and the growing Methodist movement meant that its biographical perspective was long obscured by the nineteenth-century 'Wesley legend'. Methodist reviewers such as Henry Moore and Richard Watson, repelled by his critique of 'enthusiasm' as well as his claim that Wesley was motivated by power and 'ambition', questioned Southey's theological credentials and religious orthodoxy. A more nuanced view of Southey's biography was provided by Anglican commentators such as Reginald Heber and Alexander Knox who, while sympathetic to Wesley and the Evangelical Revival, supported many of Southey's judgements from a High Church Anglican standpoint. This article sets Southey's biography within the context of his own theological and political evolution, exploring the issues of authorial motivation and the longer-term literary and historical impact and legacy of his biography.


Field conservation efforts on archaeological sites in the United States have still not been mandated by many local, state, and federal agencies. For terrestrial sites, this may not always be necessary, but for underwater sites conservators are included much more frequently. But what about archaeological sites in between, such as waterlogged wells and privies? And what happens when the archaeologists suddenly run into a feature yielding large quantities of waterlogged materials in a good state of preservation? On a recent excavation in Alexandria, Virginia, artifacts were recovered from a Civil War period privy which yielded organics, inorganics, and synthetic materials. Due to funding, time constraints, and lack of knowledge, a conservator was not included in the original scope of work for the project. This type of situation occurs far too frequently. However, by working with a conservator early on in the initial stages of an excavation, priorities and guidelines can be established for dealing with waterlogged finds.


The article reveals the results of the conducted diagnostic research, checking the level of formation of the prospective elementary school teachers' media literacy. Single cases of introduction of media education technologies into the educational process as well as prospective elementary school teachers' insufficient ability to critically analyze and verify information received from different media have been revealed. It has been found out that the curricula of higher pedagogical educational institutions do not envisage disciplines of media education, unlike higher educational institutions in Poland, where students study the course «Media in Education». The low level of prospective elementary school teachers' media literacy as well as their inability and unwillingness to check the information received from different media in order to form their own critical thinking have been revealed. The essence of the concepts of «media education technologies» and «prospective teachers' media literacy» have been disclosed. The pedagogical conditions of forming the prospective elementary school teachers' media literacy have been determined. The components of media education technologies based on: media knowledge, media skills, media habits and media values have been schematically presented. The criteria of formation of prospective elementary school teachers' media literacy have been determined: value-motivational, informative-cognitive, activity-practical and creative. The content of educational disciplines on «Pedagogical creativity», «Pedagogical ethics», «Technologies of social and pedagogical work», «Psychological and pedagogical training» have been supplemented with the content of media educational issues. Student surveys have been organized through the social network Facebook. Our own blog «Media Literacy» to raise the level of knowledge of young people in the field of media education has been created. Teaching aids «Media Literacy in Primary School» and «Media Literacy and Critical Thinking in Primary School» for elementary school teachers have been emphasized. The work with students has been aimed at developing materials of social networks, modern information and cognitive sites, on the basis of which the quests and trainings of current media education issues have been developed and implemented.


Genome duplication occurs once and only once in each cell cycle. During G1 phase, pre‐replicative complexes (pre‐RC), composed of ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1 and Mcm2–7, are assembled at replication origins. Mcm2–7 is the replicative helicase in eukaryotic cells; however, it does not unwind DNA in the pre‐RC. It is only in S‐phase, after activation of Mcm2–7, that DNA unwinding is detected. Cdt1 co‐purifies from yeast cells in a complex with Mcm2–7. Beyond being an escort for entry of Mcm2–7 into the nucleus and into the pre‐RC, the role of Cdt1 in DNA replication is not known. Using purified components from bacterial expression systems, we assembled Mcm2–7•Cdt1 complexes and compared its activity to that of Mcm2–7 alone. We show that Mcm2–7•Cdt1 has lower ATPase activity than Mcm2–7. In addition, DNA unwinding by Mcm2–7•Cdt1 is significantly lower than by Mcm2–7 alone. Furthermore and consistent with published reports, in vitro pre‐RC reconstitution experiments showed loading of Mcm2–7 to origins was dependent on ORC, Cdc6 and Cdt1. Together, the effects of Cdt1 on Mcm2–7 suggest mechanisms by which Cdt1 may carry out its essential role in the initiation of DNA replication.


For centuries the karesansui garden had mainly been a symbolic representation of the natural landscape. Then the Kyoto artist and scholar Shigemori Mirei (1896-1975) set out to explore ways to transform this traditional Japanese Garden type. His background as a painter allowed him to see several new ways to do so. Shigemori introduced lines, shapes and colors to the karesansui garden. Also he departed from the usual reference to a historical or natural landscape and based some of his new gardens on a story or the images a place's name evokes. The result is a new type of karesansui garden.


The development of a sub-surface layer of porosity during heat treatment has been studied in a variety of Al-Li alloys. Pure binary Al-Li alloys and three commercial materials were heat treated in air, vacuum and hydrogen for various lengths of time. Subsequent metallographic sectioning and polishing revealed the presence of a band of pores in the near-surface region extending approximately 300 µm into the sample after a 16 h heat treatment. This band of porosity is thought to arise from a Kirkendall effect due to the loss of lithium during heat treatment of the sample. The evolution of the spatial distribution of these pores was characterized with a quantitative image analyzer. The effects of prior surface preparation were also determined. The results showed that structural defects influenced pore nucleation and that environmental factors were also significant. A simultaneous pore healing process also occurred immediately adjacent to the external surface.