This chapter discusses the state of intraparty democracy in Tanzania. It traces the functioning and management of political parties since the country restored plural politics in 1992 by looking at both the ruling party and the opposition. Intraparty democracy is conceived of in this chapter as a key ingredient in ensuring social stability and harmony as well as the development of political parties. The chapter shows that intraparty democracy across all political parties is limited but that the situation is more disappointing in the case of the opposition. Using the two yardsticks of elections and decision-making, it maintains that limited internal party democracy can be attributed to several factors, including the undue influence of party founders, the dysfunctional nature of party structures, and the limited voice that ordinary members have as a result of their persistent disempowerment by senior leadership. Other factors include the influence of clientelistic networks and the weaknesses of oversight bodies and the legal framework. Against this backdrop, the chapter argues that making progress in promoting intraparty democracy would require a number of interventions. Among them are building the capacity of political parties and reviewing the legal framework so as to increase the rights and protection of members. The chapter also recommends actions to ensure greater representation of special groups—such as women and persons with disabilities—in decision-making, and suggests that civic education be provided to ordinary members of political parties to improve their ability to hold leadership to account.


We read with great interest the paper by Cesari et al.,(1) a study of 115 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) who were followed up for at least 6 years for fatal outcome and investigated by standard and tissue Doppler echocardiography to establish the prognostic value of different echocardiographic parameters. The strengths of the study are its prospective design, the large number of patients, the long follow-up, and the comprehensive clinical and echocardiographic assessment focused mainly on diastolic dysfunction (DD). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The process of solvent extraction and purification of capsaicin from leaching solution of hot pepper powder was studied using commercial dry hot pepper as raw material, 95%(ω) ethanol as leaching solvent, and n-hexane and n-butyl acetate as extractants. The effects of pH value and phase ratio on the yield of capsaicin both in simulation system and real system were investigated. The results showed that acidification extraction was the control step. Yield of capsaicin in simulation system could reach above 90% at pH 11 and phase ratio 7:1 when the n-butyl acetate was used. When n-butyl acetate was used as extractant, concentration ratio of capsaicin could be increased. The trend of extraction yield in real system was similar to that in simulation system, but nearly 20% capsaicin could not be extracted. When amount of hot pepper powder was 50 g, yield of capsaicin with 250 mL 95% ethanol twice leaching could be 97.0%. Leaching solution was concentrated, dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution, and extracted by n-butyl acetate at pH value 13 and phase ratio O/W 1:1, then pH value of aqueous phase was adjusted to less than 11 with hydrochloride, the yield of capsaicin with n-butyl acetate extraction at phase ratio 1:5 could achieve 80% of leached amount.


When New Zealand's first Political Science Department was established at Victoria University of Wellington in 1939, the systematic study of the relationship between the media and politics was in its infancy. Indeed, 'mass' media as we know them now were yet to come. Early impetus for the establishment of a field dedicated to the study of the media came when the sophisticated propaganda techniques developed during the Second World War alerted many scholars to the mass media's potentially awesome power to shape public opinion. Following a number of decades in which this early theory and methodology was developed and refined, with contributions in the New Zealand context by political scientists such as Robert Chapman and Antony Wood, study of the role of the media in political life has come now to be a major focus of the discipline of Political Science. Courses about the media are taught in Politics programmes in every major university in New Zealand, special streams devoted to scholarly analysis of the media-politics relationship are now common at Political Science conferences, and the number ofjournals on the political aspects of media is expanding both nationally and internationally. This is a highly dynamic field. Technological developments are constantly altering and adding further complexities to the media landscape, contributing new players, formats, levels of inter-activity, and methods of dissemination. Political actors are forced to adapt their communication strategies to meet the stylistic and technological requirements of the evolving media. Yet despite, or perhaps because of, the rapid changes that have occurred in the media environment, many of the questions posed by the early researchers remain central: what power do the media have to influence public opinion, and thus politics; and how does this power work? Who has power over the media? Everyone has an interest in the answers to these questions. In this special issue of Political Science the relationship between the media and politics in New Zealand is examined, with contributions from leading and emerging scholars in the field. While the topics traversed here are diverse, covering television, radio, print, the 'new' media, and journalistic practice, all the articles are, at heart, concerned with one or both of two issues: freedom of the press, and the need in a democracy for'citizens and residents to be well informed about their public affairs. The first two articles examine the current balance of power between media and political actors in New Zealand. Chris Rudd and Janine Hayward explore the theory that politics has now become 'dependent in its central functions on mass media'. Tracing the effects that processes of modernisation have had on politics and the media in New Zealand, they examine evidence supporting the thesis that 'media logic' now dominates political communication. In this somewhat dystopic vision, politicians have become so reliant on the media to communicate their political messages that the messages themselves have become subordinate and subject to the requirements of the medium through which they are communicated. Thus, politics can be said to have lost its 'autonomy'. Rudd and Hayward assess whether this is as true in the New Zealand context as some observers have argued it is elsewhere. Joe Atkinson's article also questions whether this interpenetration of the media and political worlds works in quite the way it is sometimes assumed to do. Atkinson looks at what he sees as the now prevalent assumption among journalists that politicians have become so media-savvy, so practised in the deceptive art of 'spin', that only journalists with heroic anti'spin' powers can drag the truth out of them. He identifies a range of effects that this assumption has had on journalistic practice and efficacy, as well as on the distribution of power between journalists and politicians. The next two articles focus on the mechanisms through which New Zealand's public broadcasting services are delivered. Following a year in which a loss of ratings in crucial demographics and public outcry over the salaries of its newsreaders put it under the spotlight, New Zealand's public television broadcaster faced renewed questioning about its performance under the public service charter introduced in 2003. The article by Margie Comrie and Susan Fountaine, tracing the impact of the Charter on the quality of TVNZ's political coverage, is thus


The invention relates to the technical field of anti-explosion membrane production, and especially relates to a display screen anti-explosion membrane filling apparatus. The apparatus comprises a filling roller group, the filling roller group comprises a first filling roller group and a second filling roller group, the stretching driving roller of the second filling roller group and the filling driving roller of the filling roller group have a same linear velocity, the apparatus also comprises a material feeding device arranged at the feeding side of the first filling roller group, and the material feeding device allows an anti-explosion membrane to be filled to enter a gap between the filing driving roller and the filling driven roller at a downward inclined angle. The apparatus allows the anti-explosion membrane to be filled to be always closely applied to the filling driving roller in the anti-explosion membrane filling process, and the anti-explosion membrane still has a tightening state between the stretching driving roller and the filling driving roller, so the error caused by the fluctuation of the anti-explosion membrane is effectively avoided, and the filling precision, the production efficiency and the product yield are effectively improved.


The second High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO-2, Einstein) is revolutionizing x-ray astronomy just as its namesake revolutionized physics. Earlier x-ray observatories, including HEAO-1, were designed to scan the sky for x-ray emitters. With Einstein, the challenge has shifted from discovering x-ray sources to understanding the processes producing the x-rays. But having 500 times the sensitivity of previous detectors, Einstein makes more than its share of discoveries, too. For example, it sees distant quasars and clusters of galaxies that can barely be detected by the largest optical telescopes.


Information on the sensory innervation of the visceral pleura is sparse and conflicting, and the limited physiological studies have not provided conclusive data. The present investigation was designed to provide a comprehensive neurochemical characterization of the innervation of the visceral pleura. Multiple Immunostaining and confocal microscopy of whole mount preparations of rat visceral pleura revealed laminar receptor‐like nerve endings that regularly occurred in a widespread network of nerve fibers. The receptor end organs were invariably intermingled with elastic connective tissue fibers of the visceral pleura. The 'pleura receptors' could specifically be visualized by immunostaining for PGP9.5, vesicular glutamate transporters, calcium‐binding proteins, Na+/K+‐ATPase α3‐ir, and partly for P2X3 ATP‐receptors. The nerve fibers that give rise to pleura receptors were shown to be myelinated, are non‐vagal and most likely spinal in origin.


This study was aimed to identify the forests and agro-forestry systems (AFS) that provide important ecosystems services (ES) for vulnerability reduction to climate change in the potable water sector in Nicaragua. Forests areas and AFS important for the potable water sector were deter-mined from data about and uses, their capacity to provide ES, benefits obtained by ES users, location of the users, and vulnerability indices in the context of climatic change. Data were processed by a mathematical model and a geographical information system. Results show that important forests and AFS are mainly located in the Pacific and Central regions and that only 20% of the important to very important forests are protected by the protected areas system. These results provide insights on the adaptive management measures for forests and AFS that would reduce the vulnerability of the potable water sector facing climate change. (Resume d'auteur)


The technical problems during the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are becoming more and more difficult to handle with conventional drilling and production methods. Supercritical carbon dioxide has so many good properties such as high rock-breaking drilling efficiency, strong dissolved displacement performance and unharmful effect on the reservoir that it can be used as a drilling, completion and production medium to effectively exploit the unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. The global distribution of unconventional oil and gas resources is introduced, application status of carbon dioxide in oil and gas development is discussed, and development prospects of supercritical carbon dioxide in the unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are systematically analyzed. Using supercritical carbon dioxide as a medium in the whole development process is an important trend of unconventional oil and gas development technologies.


Reports on the reemergence of a concern with planning city centers as focal points in the 1980s. De-industrialization of older industrial areas; Revalorization of city center sites; Emergence of city-to-city competitiveness at a national and supranational level.


Objective To determine the presence and predictors of depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting A veterinary medical centre specialised in oncology for dogs and cats and two primary veterinary clinics in Japan. Participants The participants for analysis were 99 owners of a pet with cancer diagnosis received in the past 1–3 weeks and 94 owners of a healthy pet. Main outcome measures Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess depression and anxiety. Depression was assessed using the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and anxiety was measured by using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ. Results Depression scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders (p<0.001). Within the owners of a pet with cancer, depression was significantly more common in those who were employed than those who were unemployed (p=0.048). State anxiety scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders, including trait–anxiety scores (p<0.001). Furthermore, in owners of a pet with cancer, state anxiety was higher in owners with high trait anxiety (p<0.001) and in owners whose pets had a poor prognosis (p=0.027). Conclusion The results indicate that some owners tended to become depressed and anxious after their pets had received a diagnosis of cancer. Employment may be a predictor of depression. High trait anxiety and a pet with a poor prognosis may increase owners' state anxiety. Including the pet in a family genogram and attention to the pet's health condition may be important considerations for family practice.


This study aims to improve teacher teaching skills based on team game tournament learning models through group guidance. This research was conducted in September - October 2019 at SDN 016 Banjar Lopak with 14 subjects as teachers. The study design uses school action research that has stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research instrument used observation sheets. The results showed an increase in teacher teaching skills based on team game tournament learning models in the first cycle by 71% which is enough to be 87% which is included in the excellent category. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui bimbingan berkelompok dapat meningkatkan keterampilan mengajar guru berbasis model pembelajaran team game tournament.


Many benthologists find it difficult to stay abreast of research progress in tropical streams and rivers. First, research papers are relatively rare. Second, the literature is widely scattered, not only in the standard journals for stream research, but also in journals specializing in tropical research and in unpublished reports and grey literature with only local or regional distributions. We organized this group of papers in an effort to provide readers with a variety of articles on tropical stream research in a single issue of J-NABS. The first paper (Jackson and Sweeney 1995a) presents the results of a survey that assessed the current status of tropical stream and river research (based on the opinions of colleagues working in the tropics) and presents the recommendations of the survey respondents for future research directions. These recommendations were used to organize the subsequent 13 papers. The most common recommendation given was that future studies of tropical streams and rivers should incorporate large spatial-scale perspectives (i.e., catchments or drainage basins including estuaries and oceanic connections) so that preservation, conservation, and management are more successful. The need for this perspective is pragmatic and reflects the spatial scale of human activities in tropical drainage basins. Three papers in this issue present research that incorporates this large spatial scale. McDowell et al. (1995) and Newbold et al. (1995) provide analyses of spatial and seasonal variation in chemical composition (i.e., nutrient dynamics and solute transport) from several tropical catchments that range from having primary forest to having substantial human usage. Examination of such a range of conditions is required if present and future impacts of upland development are to be assessed. Interpretations of these results may change as we begin to better understand that even isolated locations in the tropics may have a history of direct human impact, and are therefore not "pristine". Standley and Sweeney (1995) add a modern dimension to this issue by presenting evidence of aerial transport of pesticides into isolated areas. The past and present impact of these toxins on aquatic or terrestrial environments remains to be examined. The importance of a large spatialscale perspective is also apparent in other papers in this issue (e.g., species distributions, geographic variation in life history traits, and population structure within and among drainage basins). The second most common recommendation was that future studies of tropical streams and rivers should involve studies of biodiversity (Jackson and Sweeney 1995a). This topic includes taxonomic descriptions and distributions of new or poorly defined species as well as the examination of factors responsible for maintaining biodiversity. Four taxonomic papers in this issue provide descriptions of new species of aquatic insects (Chironomidae: Epler and de la Rosa 1995; Leptoceridae: Holzenthal 1995; Hydropsychidae: Blahnik 1995; Corydalidae: Contreras-Ramos 1995) and, where possible, each paper begins to clarify relationships among congeneric species through the initiation of subgeneric revisions and/ or the presentation of a taxonomic key. These initial taxonomic descriptions provide the basis for subsequent studies needed to understand the ecological aspects of biodiversity. Such studies will initially be autecological, quantifying life history traits such as growth and development rates, habitat and dietary requirements, and various adult and larval behaviors. Two papers in this volume detail life histories of tropical stream insects. Jackson and Sweeney (1995b) present egg and larval development times for 35 species of tropical stream insects that strongly support earlier suggestions that many tropical stream insects have aseasonal, multivoltine life histories. In contrast, Sweeney et al. (1995) describe the life history of a seasonal, semivoltine mayfly that


The phenomenon of interaction of particles with solid-liquid interfaces (SLI) has been studied since the mid 1960's. While the original interest stemmed from geology applications (frost heaving in soil), researchers soon realized that fundamental understanding of particles behavior at solidifying interfaces might yield practical benefits in other fields, including metallurgy. In materials engineering the main issue is the location of particles with respect to grain boundaries at the end of solidification. Considerable experimental and theoretical research was lately focused on applications to metal matrix composites produced by casting or spray forming techniques, and on inclusion management in steel. Another application of particle SLI interaction is in the growing of Y1Ba2Cu3O(7-delta) (123) superconductor crystals from an undercooled liquid. The oxide melt contains Y2Ba1Cu1O5 (211) precipitates, which act as flux pinning sites. The experimental evidence on transparent organic materials, as well as the recent in situ observations on steel demonstrates that there exist a critical velocity of the planar SLI below which particles are pushed ahead of the interface, and above which particles are engulfment. The engulfment of a SiC particle in succinonitrile is exemplified. However, in most commercial alloys dendritic interfaces must be considered. Indeed, most data available on metallic alloys are on dendritic structures. The term engulfment is used to describe incorporation of a particle by a planar or cellular interface as a result of local interface perturbation, as opposed to entrapment that implies particle incorporation at cells or dendrites boundaries. During entrapment the particles are pushed in the intercellular or interdendritic regions and then captured when local solidification occurs. The physics of these two phenomena is fundamentally different.


. this paper describes the self-evaluation maintenance Model (SEM) which sucjgests that much 'social behavior can be , understood by assuming that persons are motivated to maintain a positive seIf-evaluation:.The two processes by which one's.soci'al circumstances may affect self-evaluation, i.e., reflection and coMparison-, are-described. The relationShip between self-evaluation and self-egteem is explored. Studies in which self-esteem was measured arejeviewed, and results are discussed, in terms of.the SEM model. A hypothesis which explains the weak relationship between measured self-esteem and the SEM model is'suggested. (JAC) .-


Some selected antimicrobial agents were screened and evaluate their susceptibility on some uropathgenic bacterial isolates from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. 300 patients participated in the study. Samples of urine were collected from male and female patients of different age groups with symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Five types of uropathogens were identified namely Escherichia coli (E. coli), Proteus species, Pseudomonas species, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus. Urine samples of 181 females examined showed that 51 (28.2%) were infected and from 119 males, 31 (26.1%) were infected. E. coli had the highest occurrence seen in 42 (51%) of 82 (27.3%) infected cases. Out of this 42 samples with E. coli, 25 (59.5%) were from females. E. coli was highly sensitive to Nitrofurantoin (97.6%), and highly resistant to clotrimazole (76.1%). This study shows that the commonest microorganism causing UTI in this community is E. coli and drug of choice is Nitrofurantoin.


A patient underwent at his birth, an ureterosigmoidostomy for exstrophic bladder. Fifty-six years later, she presented a carcinoma on the right ureterosigmoidostomy associated with chronic urinary infection. She underwent a right ureteronephrectomy and sigmoidectomy. Chronic alterations of the colic mucin by urines lead to carcinoma.


We performed experimental investigations of deuteration and uniaxial p = (cid:0)(cid:27) 0 i pressure in(cid:13)uen e on temperature dependen e of the birefringen es and transition temperature of K(H1(cid:0)xDx)2PO4 rystals. On the basis of the previously proposed model for a strained KD2PO4 rystal, we study the e(cid:11)e ts of uniaxial p = (cid:0)(cid:27)3 pressure on the phase transition and stati diele tri properties of highly deuterated K(H1(cid:0)xDx)2PO4 rystals. The obtained theoreti al results are ompared with the available experimental data and earlier theoreti al al ulations, on erning the hydrostati pressure e(cid:11)e ts. The role of D{site distan e in the phase transition and diele tri response of the rystals is dis ussed.


Learners in videoconference-mediated classrooms are expected to interact regardless of their varied demographic and behavioral characteristics, including susceptibility to foreign language (FL) anxiety. With a focus on apprehension, the present study aimed to better understand the influence students' FL anxiety has on the relationship between learner interactions and academic self-efficacy beliefs. To this end, questionnaire data was collected from 647 South Korean university students attending emergency remote online classes through Zoom's videoconference platform. Structural equation modeling was carried out to identify the mediating effect of FL classroom anxiety on the relationship between academic self-efficacy beliefs and interactions. Findings revealed full mediation on the path coefficient from learner-learner interaction to learning expectations, while no mediation effect was observed between learner-instructor interactions and learning expectations. Increasing levels of learner-learner interactions were associated with increasing FL anxiety, partly explaining the positive path between learner-learner interactions and expected academic performance. Unlike learner-instructor interactions, learner-learner interactions increase communication anxiety, consequently decreasing expected learning outcomes.


During and after the First World War, authors in several of the main belligerent nations presented the war as a young man's war. The young man's war proved to be a powerful trope, and a myth emerged about the typical trench soldier as handsome, white, and eighteen. In this article, I examine literature about the Great War across several nations – primarily Germany, Great Britain, and France – to demonstrate how and why youth became embedded in the collective memory and representation of the war. I argue, in part, that notions of youth in the early twentieth century allowed participating nations to emphasise innocence and tragedy, claiming the moral high ground in the process. As a result, it is now difficult to accurately depict the First World War soldiers as fathers as well as sons, husbands as well as fiancés, men with careers as well as boys fresh from school. The generation of 1914 must be conceived more broadly, which would disallow easy teleologies to later tragic events in the 1930s.


This study aims to analyze the condition of Indonesian economic and post-covid nastional economic recovery program through micro, small, medium enterprises (MSMEs) development during covid-19 in 2020-2021. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. This data collection method is obtained from secondary data by the relevan studies and literatures. From the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that MSMEs are able to encourage economic growth in Indonesia, by the shift from traditional marketing to digital marketing and assisted by government policy efforts.


Learning from imbalanced data is a challenge that machine learning community is facing over last decades, due to its ever-growing presence in real-life problems. While there is a significant number of works addressing the issue of handling binary and skewed datasets, its multi-class counterpart have not received as much attention. This problem is much more difficult, as presence of multiple imbalanced classes can significantly deteriorate the predictive power of any classifier. The relationship among classes are no longer clearly established and there are many difficulties embedded in the nature of such data that needs to be properly addressed. In this work, we discuss the issue of forming effective ensembles for multi-class imbalanced data based on static classifier selection approach. We propose a fully adaptive learning scheme that splits the original feature space into a number of competence areas and modifies their size and location in order to most effectively exploit the supplied pool of base classifiers. Additionally, for each established cluster we perform a weighted classifier combination, where weights are set individually for each cluster and each considered class. This allows for exploiting local competencies of each base learner in given part of feature space, as well as for each of considered classes. These two tasks are combined together in a single hybrid training scheme guided by an evolutionary algorithm. The optimization criterion is formulated in order to achieve skew-insensitive ensemble of local ensembles able to tackle highly imbalanced and multi-class problems. Experimental study proves the high efficacy of the proposed method and its superiority to other ensemble selection methods.


An experimental randomized controlled trial were used to assess in vitro and in vivo acaricidal effect of Diazinon against sheep lice Damalinia ovis on sheep kept under semi-intensive production system, in sheep farm of Adama University School of Agriculture, Asella campus, from November, 2011 to January, 2012. Thirty naturally infested sheep with D. ovis were purposely selected for the in-vivo test according to the inclusion criteria for the study and were randomly allocated in to treatment and control group. Each selected animal were visually examined for lice infestation and lice from individual animal were counted in 24 hrs before Diazinon was applied. One hundred twenty live and motile D. ovis were manually collected for the in vitro test from the sheep that had been selected for the in vivo test and were immediately taken to the laboratory. The lice were then allocated to treatment and control group (60 lice for each group). The result of the present study showed that the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of diazinon to be 100%. There was a significant variation in percentage mortality of lice between diazinon treated and untreated group throughout the study period (P 0.05) on the effectiveness of the tested acaricide. However, there was statistically significant variation in mean lice burden between animals with short and animals with long wool (P<0.05) post exposure up to the second round insecticide spray on day 14. Finally, Diazinon was demonstrated to be highly effective against sheep lice D.ovis. Thus, sheep producers could use it at recommended dose to treat their sheep infested with this parasite.


1.3 Rationale GlideinMonitor will help greatly troubleshooting operations of GlideinWMS  operators and developers. This includes Factory and VO Frontend operators, VO  managers, the software development team. GlideinMonitor simplifies the  distribution of the log files and the access to the correct logs needed to  understand and fix problems with the GlideinWMS system. The access to this  information is currently very labor intensive:


Civilian GNSS signals are highly vulnerable to structural interference due to publicly known signal structure and lack of encryption. This type of interference includes counterfeit GNSS like signals that are designed to deceive target GNSS receivers without being detected. A synchronized structural interference signal can mislead the tracking process of a receiver which may lead to the generation of a fake position solution. This paper focuses on analyzing the effect of this category of interference on correlator outputs of a Galileo receiver. Several signal quality monitoring (SQM) metrics are then designed to detect an abnormally shaped or asymmetric Galileo correlation peaks that are distorted due to the interaction between authentic and counterfeit signals. The statistical properties of the proposed metrics are then analyzed and proper interference detection thresholds are calculated based on these properties. Results show the effectiveness of these metrics in various scenarios of overlapped structural interference added to authentic Galileo signals.


With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and big data, informatization has become an irresistible trend of the times, so how to acquire and process geographic information has become one of the most important strategic resources. Named entity recognition is also the task of sequence labeling. Aiming at the problem of accurate identification of place names and addresses in geographic information, this paper proposes a method to first classify and segment place names and addresses, and then label them through a bidirectional cyclic long-short-term neural network and a conditional random field model. It solves the problem of classification and recognition of place names and addresses, and realizes the accurate identification of Chinese place names. The research results based on word segmentation and labeling and recognition through deep learning neural network model show that not only accurate word segmentation can be completed, but also place-name addresses can be accurately identified. The research results can be applied to the semantic measurement of placename addresses and the placename address labeling database. construction has great practical significance.


Background:
 Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death worldwide, associated with cardiac and systemic inflammation. However, no anti-inflammatory therapies have shown success thus far. Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released in the heart can activate myeloid cells to promote antigen presentation to T-cells, which infiltrate the heart and participate in adverse cardiac remodeling. DAMP signaling converges onto the adaptor protein "Myeloid differentiation primary response 88" (MyD88). DAMP receptors and MyD88 are also expressed in T-cells, but their role in T-cell activation is unclear, and is unknown in the context of HF. We
 hypothesized
 that T-cell recognition of DAMPs through MyD88 causes "bystander activation" of T-cells and contributes to cardiac pathology in HF.

 Methods and Results:
 We reconstituted
 Tcra
 -/-
 mice, normally protected from HF, with WT or

 Myd88
 -/-

 Type 1 helper T-cells (Th1) in the onset of transaortic constriction (TAC), a well-established model of HF. Surprisingly, we found that mice given

 Myd88
 -/-

 Th1 cells exhibited significantly higher levels of cardiac T-cell infiltration, more severe fibrosis, and lower fractional shortening than mice given WT Th1 cells. We found that WT and

 Myd88
 -/-

 Th1 cells had similar levels of IFNγ and Tbx21 by intracellular staining and RT-qPCR, indicating that MyD88 does not alter Th1 differentiation. However,

 Myd88
 -/-

 Th1 cells secreted higher levels of IL-2 and TNFα, suggesting enhanced proliferative and pro-inflammatory effector function. We performed viability studies using live cell microscopy and measuring propidium iodide incorporation in real time, as well as by flow cytometry, and found that

 Myd88
 -/-

 Th1 cells have a survival advantage compared to WT Th1 cells. Moreover, we found that

 Myd88
 -/-

 Th1 cells exhibited higher levels of adhesion to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, protein ligands involved in T-cell recruitment, compared to WT Th1 cells when perfused under conditions of shear flow.

 Conclusion:
 Together, these data demonstrate that T-cell MyD88 limits T-cell mediated pathology in HF by modulating Th1 effector function, survival, and adhesion ability. We identify novel role for T-cell MyD88 in cardiac inflammation that may be modulated in HF.


Based on our clinical and epidemiological data, we have sustained for a long time the unitary character of the various phenotypes of the diabetic syndrome. In this paper, we add several arguments sustaining that the unitary character of diabetes is related to a common primary defect in the function of the beta cell endoplasmic reticulum, leading to an inadequate processing of the two main secretory molecules: pre-proinsulin and pre-proamylin. The post-translational changes of these molecules might explain the main proapoptotic and anti-regenerative pathogenic mechanisms leading to a progressive decrease in the β cell mass/function. In our view, the increased proinsulin levels encountered in various diabetes phenotypes could be not only a marker of beta cell dysfunction but also could indicate the main β cell defect, suggesting also its location.


Tropical rivers often transport a heavy bed load and have a high silt content, and their surface waters carry leaves, twigs, and an occasional tree or branch. Extracting reasonably clean water for a high head power plant usually requires the installation of sand traps, sediment sluices, and leaf skimmers. This paper describes the work associated with the development and hydraulic model testing of a unique gathering tube intake built into the diversion dam of the 112 MW, 702 ft (214 m) head hydropower development at Andekaleka on the island of Madagascar. River water is extracted from the relatively clean mid‐flow level, above the bed load and below the contaminated surface waters. Results from an inspection after two years of operation are presented, along with a comparison of model and prototype performance.


This study dealt with the fabrication and analysis of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) mediated chitosan nanocomposite. Such a novel nanobiocomposite may get future applications in drug delivery, and nanofinising of textile and polymer surfaces. Herein, this nanocomposite has been considered as an antibacterial finishing agent for a hydrophobic textile fabric like polyester. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized for zeta size and morphology, and subsequently applied on a woven polyester fabric though a coross linker. The treated polyester fabric was analyzed for textile functional characteristics as well asantibacterial activity. The spectral and optical properties demonstrated that the nanocomposite developed exhibited spherical morphologies with a mean nano particle size of ca. 88 nm. The treated fabric projected satisfactory antibacterial and fair fabric attributes. Hence, the nanofinished polyester fabric is a potential biocompatible candidate as medical and antibacterial textiles in addition to be used in antibacterial water filtration and materials packing.


The invention discloses a portable device for analyzing the components of the respiratory gas of an object, which comprises at least one air flow conduit, wherein the object can inhale or exhale the air through the body part of the device through passing through the at least one air flow conduit; at least one sampling port; an oxygen sensor; and at least one flow sensor. The invention also discloses a method for analyzing the components of the respiratory gas of the object.


Data are presented which show the effect of dilute addition of polymer on the ribbing instability in coating flows. A qualitative model which treats the growth of a disturbance as an extensional fl...


The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) can be induced by synchronous brushing of a seen rubber hand and the subject's real hidden hand. We sought to determine whether the RHI could be induced using one somatosensory modality and maintained using another. In 75 subjects, one of three modalities was used to induce the RHI: touch (brush), vibration (128Hz), or temperature (cooling). We then tested whether the illusion was maintained when only the rubber hand received stimuli from all modalities including kinesthesia (passive movement of arm). The RHI was successfully induced with touch, vibration and cooling modalities in 35 of 75 subjects. When only the seen rubber hand received a stimulus and not the hidden real hand, ownership persisted in 24 of 35 subjects who were successfully induced before. Our results may contribute to the understanding of the RHI and to the development of somatosensory neuroprosthetics. iii Acknowledgements


To present a category's genealogy invites mainly to reconstruct the path that we, as researchers, have walked in this intellectual process. And, as it always happens, not every path leads to an enlightenment of the horizon of intellection, but also to obstacles and blind alleys. This paper discusses both experiences, understanding them as part of the same process of theoretical production. The field work that we carried out at the CIAM factory brought us together in 2002 in order to begin to debate the transmission of knowledge in production contexts, in this case, a recovered factory. Starting from the voices of workers and other subjects linked to the old SIAM-Di Tella, we intended to recover their pedagogical paths related to their work. The theoretical and methodological discussions that took place around this research project at the seminar of Appeal not only resulted in the publishing of the book "The Knowledge Factory" [La Fabrica del Conocimiento], but also in the construction of an alternative conceptual framework to think the multiple articulations between education and work. SPK was defined in correspondence with historically situated social, community, group and individual needs of every subject. This was an indicator that said knowledge could not be defined a priori according to its theoretical nature, as their specific value necessarily resided outside of itself, more precisely in the ideological-political articulation that it establishes with the social demands and needs, which grant it a particular singularity and inscription. Key words: education and work, construction of a theoretical and methodological framework, socially productive knowledge.


Significant losses of grain crops at various stages of cultivation, harvesting, post-harvest processing and storage dictate the need to technologies and equipment for these processes. Currently, one of the most promising directions in the field of heat treatment of grain is the use of combined influence methods with the use of electrophysical effects. The purpose of this work is to develop and test a method for measuring the dielectric loss factor by an indirect method, which makes it possible to control the humidity of grain material exposed to microwave. The paper presents the equipment and the design of the experimental installation. The results of the experiment were subjected to regression analysis. The results of experimental studies and dependencies can be used for modelling microwave effects on agricultural bulk materials in electromagnetic modelling software, such as CST Studio.


Abstract 9-(4-Hydroxybutyl)guanine is an analogue of acyclovir in which the ether oxygen is replaced by a methylene group. Crystals of the monohydrate belong to the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 4.350 (1), b = 10.859 (1), c = 23.684 (4) A, β = 90.65 (1)°. X-ray intensity data were measured with a diffractometer and the structure was determined by direct methods. Least-squares refinement converged at R = 0.055 for 1982 reflections. The side chain is fully extended and almost perpendicular to the guanine base.


In this paper, the three conventional GMM estimators First-difference, Level and System GMM estimators with respective efficient initial weight matrices are considered to estimate the autoregressive panel data model. It is observed that the bias of first-difference GMM estimator is heigher and the bias of system GMM estimator is lesser among the above mentioned estimators but as variance ratio increases and as autoregressive parameter approaches to one the bias of all the aforementioned estimators increase. Hence to reduce such bias, second order bias correction method is considered. Through Monte-Carlo simulation it is observed that the considered second order bias correction method works well for first-difference and system GMM estimators, specially when the variance ratio is greater than one. Mathematics Subject Classification: 62Fxx, 91Bxx.


Tapered roller bearings are used widely in vans, trucks, and trains because they can support the vehicle in a stable manner even under a heavy load. The cage of a tapered roller bearing maintains the gap between the rollers, which prevents friction wear and suppresses heating. If the cage is severely deformed due to resonance, the roller may not be able to roll smoothly and even leave the cage. Consequently, it is very important to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the cage for reliable performance of a bearing. The cage essentially has geometrical tolerance in the manufacturing process. In this paper, the effects of those geometrical imperfections on the dynamic characteristics of the cage were investigated. As a result, natural frequency separation occurred near the natural frequency of the ideal cage due to geometrical imperfections. In addition, the interval was proportional to the magnitude of the geometric error, and the interval increased with increasing mode number.


This application relates to a packaging and application (1) a composition for making up and / or care, especially the eyelashes or eyebrows, comprising: a) a reservoir; b) a composition for making up and / or care composition disposed within the reservoir, said composition having a thermal profile having a melting peak whose half-value width Lf is less than or equal to 10 ° C; c) means (10) for the application of the composition; and d) heating means (53) for holding said composition, before, simultaneously with, or after its application, to a temperature greater than or equal to its melting point.


This research was aimed to find out the effects of using interactive multimedia at the eighth grade students of SMPN 2 Jambi City in the academic year of 2019. The subject research was class VIIIB and VIIID. The instrument used in this thesis was test. In collecting the data, the researcher used pre-test. Before conducting post-test, the researcher gave treatment. After getting enough data, the researcher calculated the data using t-test. The result of this research was found the mean score of pre-test of Experiment class is 45.02 and the mean of post-test 80.48. To see whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected, the significance value in the table above was .306, which means that the significance value is greater than 0.05, based on decision in the statistical correlation test, there is no relationship between pre-test and post-test. Paired sample t-test is used to determine whether there are difference can be seen from the sig value (2-tailed), the value in the table above is 0.000, so it can be concluded that the results of the effects of using Interactive Multimedia to increase students' vocabulary are real significant on the pre-test and post-test data. Based on the result finding, it can be concluded that the data presented is there is an effects of using interactive multimedia towards students' vocabulary mastery.


Neuronal activity sculpts brain development by inducing the transcription of genes such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) that modulate the function of synapses. Sensory experience is transduced into changes in gene transcription via the activation of calcium signaling pathways downstream of both L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels (L‐VGCCs) and NMDA‐type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). These signaling pathways converge on the regulation of transcription factors including calcium‐response factor (CaRF). Although CaRF is dispensable for the transcriptional induction of Bdnf following the activation of L‐VGCCs, here we show that the loss of CaRF leads to enhanced NMDAR‐dependent transcription of Bdnf as well as Arc. We identify the NMDAR subunit‐encoding gene Grin3a as a regulatory target of CaRF, and we show that expression of both Carf and Grin3a is depressed by the elevation of intracellular calcium, linking the function of this transcriptional regulatory pathway to neuronal activity. We find that light‐dependent activation of Bdnf and Arc transcription is enhanced in the visual cortex of young CaRF knockout mice, suggesting a role for CaRF‐dependent dampening of NMDAR‐dependent transcription in the developing brain. Finally, we demonstrate that enhanced Bdnf expression in CaRF‐lacking neurons increases inhibitory synapse formation. Taken together, these data reveal a novel role for CaRF as an upstream regulator of NMDAR‐dependent gene transcription and synapse formation in the developing brain.


AIMS
We assessed the impact of intravenous fentanyl and lignocaine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ticagrelor in patients with unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and their procedural analgesic efficacy and safety.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Seventy patients undergoing coronary angiography with ticagrelor loading were included in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of this randomized trial. Plasma ticagrelor levels 2 h post-loading dose were significantly lower in the fentanyl arm than in the lignocaine treatment arm (598 vs. 1008 ng/mL, P = 0.014). The area under the plasma-time curves for ticagrelor (1228 vs. 2753 ng h/mL, P < 0.001) and its active metabolite (201 vs. 447 ng h/mL, P = 0.001) were both significantly lower in the fentanyl arm. Expression of activated platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (2829 vs. 1426 mean fluorescence intensity, P = 0.006) and P-selectin (439 vs. 211 mean fluorescence intensity, P = 0.001) was significantly higher at 60 min in the fentanyl arm. A higher proportion of patients had high on-treatment platelet reactivity in the fentanyl arm at 60 min using the Multiplate Analyzer (41% vs. 9%, P = 0.002) and 120 min using the VerifyNow (30% vs. 3%, P = 0.003) and VASP (37% vs. 6%, P = 0.002) assays. Both drugs were well tolerated with a high level of patient satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS
Unlike fentanyl, lignocaine does not impair the bioavailability or delay the antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor. Both drugs were well tolerated and effective with a high level of patient satisfaction for procedural analgesia. Routine procedural analgesia during percutaneous coronary intervention should be reconsidered and if performed, lignocaine is a beneficial alternative to fentanyl.


The Relational Algebra is composed of several operators to assist queries and data manipulation on Relational Databases. The Relational Division operator, particularly, allows simple representations of several queries involving the concept of "for all", however, the SQL does not have an explicit implementation for it. In this paper, we compare the performance of the best implementation known for the division operator in SQL, considering different cases of use. We also present a new algorithm for the division, which we implemented through stored procedures. We performed a case study using the relational division to select genetic data. The results showed that our implementation for the relational division is potentially faster than the best implementation in SQL.


The authors have developed an articulated medical instrument which assists with the movement of and maintenance of the position of such as a lung during surgery to assist providing improved viewability and providing the necessary space required to work efficiently and effectively. Conventionally holding such as, a lung in a given position is achieved by arranging gauze in an appropriate configuration with the aid of a simple shaft like surgical instrument, however for various reasons the gauze requires constant replacement and rearrangement resulting in significant surgical inefficiency. By using an articulated mechanism that mimics the functionality of fingers, we have developed a surgical device that inherently provides greater mechanical stability and does not require the use of gauze, thus enabling more efficient surgery. The prototyping process was assisted with the use of 3D-CAD to simulate static and dynamic conditions and a 3D-printer to confirm the concept and then a working prototype was created. In order to validate the dynamic functionality of this surgical instrument, it was tested on a porcine lung which closely approximates human lungs by a clinical doctor of thoracic surgery. The result was that the developed prototype articulated mechanism was able to stably move and hold the lung in position during surgery thus confirming the dynamic efficacy of the mechanism.


The inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution by Solanum scabrum and Cloeme gynandra leaf extracts has been investigated via weight loss measurements and potentio-dynamic polarization studies at 308, 318 and 328K. The inhibition efficiencies (%) increase with concentration of inhibitors and decrease with increasing temperature while activation energy of corrosion increases with increasing concentration. The average value of Ea (6.57 kJmol and 4.18 kJmol) for the two extracts respectively is lower than 40.0kJmol implying that the inhibitors are physically adsorbed on the mild steel surface. The mean values of Qads, were found to be -12.22 and 4.57 kJmol for the inhibitors respectively indicating that the adsorption process is exergonic. Inhibition of mild steel corrosion by Solanum scabrum and Cloeme gynandra follows first order kinetics. Physical adsorption mechanism is proposed for the inhibitors.


We carried out the adaptability test of thirteen thick-skinned melon cultivars under sand culture condition in desert solar greenhouse in Zhongwei city. The results showed that, the ten cultivars, four white-skinned cultivars Yinling,Jingyu No.1, Jingyu No.3 and Yumeiren, three yellow-skinned cultivars Yilishabai, Huangjinmi and Jinxiangyu, three netted melon cultivars Ketian No.1, Xinshiji and Kangbing F-3800, had better quality, and their yields were 1.2%-18.9%higher than that of the control cultivar Mixuehua, thus they were suitable to be promoted in spring cultivation in desert solar greenhouse. In addition, Micheng and Jingyuhuangliuxing had special flavor, so they could be promoted as well.


Operational researchers and decision modelers have aspired to optimization technologies with a self-adaptive mechanism to cope with new problem formulations. Self-adaptive mechanisms not only free users from low-level and complex development tasks to enhance optimization efficiency but also allow them to focus on addressing high-level real-world operational requirements. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in applying machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques to improve self-adaptive mechanisms. However, learning to optimize hard combinatorial optimization problems remains a challenging task. This article proposes a new genetic programming approach to evolve efficient variable selectors to enhance the search mechanism in constraint programming. Starting with a set of training instances for a specific combinatorial optimization problem, the proposed approach evaluates variable selectors and evolves them to be more efficient over a number of generations. The novelties of our proposed approach are threefold: 1) a new representation of variable selectors; 2) a new mechanism for fitness evaluations; and 3) a preselection technique. We examine performance of the proposed approach on different job-shop scheduling problems, and the results show that variable selectors can be evolved efficiently. In particular, there are substantial reductions in the computational effort required for the search component of the constraint solver as well as increased chances of finding the optimal solutions. Further analyses also confirm the efficacy of our approach in respect to scalability, generalization, and interpretability of the evolved variable selectors.


ions are absolutely necessary. A people couldn't have a name for every single tree or "every Crow that flies overhead," for example, but nature itself did not dictate where the boundaries between species would be fixed. Much less did the external world offer a pattern for terms such as "justice," "adultery," "fratricide," "corporeity," and so forth. These names stand for bundles of ideas that seem worth differentiating to one people but not, perhaps, to another. Implicit in this set of theories, we find a provocative basis for links between language and national character. Language recorded, especially in its abstract and general terms, the unique bundles of ideas and associations that a people saw as necessary to discourse about themselves individually, their society, and the external world they inhabited. Locke did not foresee, however, how his theories could be used to show that language in turn exerted an influence on the way a people thought about themselves and the external world. Locke devoted most of his analysis at word level and did not suggest how the syntactical relations of language arose. However, his principle of association of ideas suggested to Condillac a way in which a people's character would be reflected in their language at both word and syntactical levels. Condillac confronted the question: what caused a person, and, by extension, a society, to associate ideas in a particular way? The answer, finally, was "interest"--that is, an implicit understanding of the way particular clusters of ideas will serve the individual who associates them in a characteristic manner. This principle may be used to explain not only why words differ, but how even word orders and grammatical relationships--assumed by the principles of universal grammar to reflect distinctions and operations of the mind--may preserve the interests of a language group. In The Art of Writing, Condillac acknowledged the difficulty of defining literary qualities such as "elegance" and "the poetic style" because of the ways these differed not only from great writer to great writer and genre to genre, but from nation to nation. The explanation for the differences is the association of ideas. These differ "with the spirit of the nations who, having different usages, customs, and 33


The density of morphology dependent resonances (MDRs) of microspheres is much larger than the density observed in typical resonance spectra. It is large enough to be consistent with observations1 of multiorder Stokes emission in the stimulated Raman scattering from microspheres. The question of whether MDRs having extremely large cavity Q (> 1010 if the spheres are lossless) contribute to the optical feedback in real spheres is discussed. Only the low-order very narrow linewidth MDRs have angle-averaged intensities that are consistent with photographs2 of the light emission from lasing spheres. Although the integrated area under the scattered field coefficients tends to zero as the cavity Q increases, the area under the internal field coefficients (which are proportional to the intensities of stimulated processes) gradually increases as the cavity Q increases. Hence it would appear that the very high Q MDRs provide the optical feedback for stimulated processes in microspheres. When a sphere is illuminated with a high intensity laser beam a nonuniform refractive index may be induced which may so perturb or couple the low-order MDRs that it may not be appropriate to ascribe the optical feedback to the MDRs of homogeneous spheres.


To model the wave propagation more accurately in moderate water area,a numerical model was established under the non-staggered grids based on the hyperbolic mild slope equations derived by Copeland.A composite 4th-order Adam-Bashforth-Moulton scheme was used to solve the model.Terms involving the first order spatial derivatives were differenced to(Δx)4 accuracy utilizing a five-point formula.Numerical simulations were done upon wave propagating over two typical shoals,and the phenomena such as shoaling,refraction,diffraction and reflection were presented numerically.After the wave was stable,the values of mean wave height in the computed domain were obtained by statistical treatment to the surface elevation in successive two periods.Comparisons were conducted between the experimental wave heights in the selected sections and the corresponding computed wave heights.The good agreement between the numerical results and experimental results shows that the high-scheme can be accurately used to solve hyperbolic mild-slope equations,and the numerical effect is reasonable,thus the model can be used for wave computing in moderate water area.


Abstract It is argued that, as a result of recent restructuring, the state in New Zealand has paradoxically become minimalized as well as more powerful and pervasive. This paper presents public sector restructuring as the policy context of the reforms and neo‐liberalism as the critique of state reason that has been used to explain the reduction of the state in terms of the numbers of people it employs and the scope of its direct control. Reforms to tertiary education are seen to follow the restructuring of the core public sector. Michel Foucault's (1991a) notion of governmentality, it is argued, is a powerful critique of neo‐liberalism through focusing on practices rather than theories of state. One element of the reforms to tertiary education ‐ the practices of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA) ‐ is presented as a counter instance of neo‐liberalism. The account of the governmental practices of NZQA illustrate that neo‐liberalism is an inadequate account of state reason because it cannot exp...


As we have said in class, the two major theories we have used are due to Hopf and Alexandroff and we have followed mostly the books of Han-Lin [20] and GilbargTrudinger [19] (see the relevant references there). For maximum principles for strong solutions, one might consult the papers of Bony [7]. [8] for W 2,p solutions with p > n, Lions [28] for W 2,n solutions (as well as [19]). General maximum principles and refinements of the Hopf Lemma can be found in Berestycki-Nirenberg-Varadhan [5] and Birindelli [6].


According to the Web of science databases in U.S.Institute for Scientific Information(ISI),access to 4219 research papers of Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport during 1930-2009,draw scientific knowledge mapping by using documents co-citation analysis and information visualization software Citespace,the result shows: Sports pedagogy,anthropometry,sports psychology,exercise physiology,motor skill learning,athletic training,sports biomechanics,epidemiology,sports medicine,sports sociology constitute the main elements of the modern Western sports science;the elements contained in sports science discipline structure is dynamic at different times,and it always in imbalance,the leading sports science subject are sports pedagogy and anthropometry before1950s,and exercise physiology,motor skill learning and sports training in 1950s to 1980s,and sports psychology,epidemiology and motor skill learning after 1990s.The birth of new disciplines and theoretical development is the direct power of structure's deepening and social needs provides the external power of academic structure's evolution.


The article is dedicated to new aspects of the EU innovation policy to state aid for R&D aimed at stimulating SME innovation activity and introduction of tax-based R&D tax incentives. The UK tax incentives program is also presented


The Atlantic mangin west of Ireland contains a set of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins which have undergone multiphase rifting and thermal subsidence.


Gallstone associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension is not uncommon in clinic, and its incidence rate increased year by year, presenting 2-3 times of the incidence rate of non-cirrhotic patients. Cirrhotic portal hypertension can lead to a variety of local and systemic physiological changes, and it can promote the incidence of gallstones. Due to the dysfunction of the liver and the blood coagulation which are caused by cirrhotic portal hypertension, the surgical difficulty and risk increases significantly. Currently, scholars still have certain controversy in the options of surgical methods and surgical staging. Now let me review and summarize the pathogenesis and surgical treatment of gallstone associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Key words:
Cholecystolithiasis; Liver cirrhosis; Portal hypertension; Pathogenesis; Surgical treatment; Review


The purpose of this study is to conflict mapping, explain conflict style of stakeholder and choices of conflict resolution. This study was conducted in February 2017 in Cisantana Village, Kuningan Regency. Data were collected through participatory rural appraisal; interviews, field observation, documentation and focus group discussions. The study method was used Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA) and Dispute Style Analysis (AGATA). The results showed that the dominant conflict in TNGC was the change of forest status which affected the economic activities of the community around TNGC, that involved eight dominant actor. In a conflict, the stakeholder has a different style of dispute. The stakeholders was facilitated and mediated to propose a permit to manage Patulungan (parking management), and a permit to manage Ipukan (tourism guide). In this case, the role of outsiders who do not have a conflict relationship is needed in order to realize conflict resolution.


Objective – This paper aimed to understand the elements in cooperative arrangements of agribusiness that facilitate and hinder cooperation.Design/methodology/approach -A descriptive research was carried out based on the 50 questionnaires applied to farmers´ members of cooperatives in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Results - Results indicated that farmers are increasingly expanding their role in making productive activities possible through cooperation promoted by cooperatives. Better access to information, sales opportunities, technical assistance, and, mostly, a favorable environment for the exchange of knowledge are the main responsible facts. As for cooperation, the relationship of trust established between cooperative members and cooperatives stands out, as well as the fidelity of membership that sustains the system, which can be weakened by opportunistic actions that may affect the continuity and fulfillment of the cooperatives' objectives over time. Cooperative relationship face to competition is a good alternative for promoting the achievement of objectives by farmers that would be challenging or impossible in isolation.Originality - The cooperation promoted by cooperative organizations, broadens the understanding that by joining forces they can enter restricted markets. This occurs especially when it comes to the studied farmers – different sizes and patterns of production and activities that are constantly under economic and financial pressure.


The local brittle zone (LBZ), which has lower tensile properties as well as lower fracture toughness than base metal and weldment, can occur on the heat affected zone (HAZ) of some nuclear components made of low alloy steels due to the carbide coarsening by multi-pass welding and post-weld heat treatment. These variations of material strengths across the welds due to the LBZ can produce strain concentrations when the stress amplitude is large enough to cause cyclic plastic flow. But, it is difficult to find the previous researches about a relation between the fatigue life of LBZ on real nuclear components and plasticity. So, in this study, the microstructures and tensile properties of HAZ on nuclear components are predicted by using the semi-analytical method, and the fatigue lifetimes of welds on nuclear components with the LBZ are evaluated by the finite element method considering the local plasticity and the variations of tensile properties, and the fatigue analysis procedure of ASME B&PV Code Sec.III. Finally, the effect of LBZ on nuclear components on fatigue lifetime is reviewed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Air pollution, an influencing factor for decision-making behavior, is closely related to company risk-taking, which affects high-quality economic development. Based on a fixed effect model, using the panel data of non-financial listed companies from China's A-share markets from 2011 to 2019, this study empirically analyzes the influence of air pollution on company risk-taking and the moderating role of digital finance. The benchmark regression results reveal that air pollution has a significantly negative impact on company risk-taking. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital finance that is not "green development-oriented" can strengthen such relationship. The results of the heterogeneity analysis demonstrate that the negative impact of air pollution on risk-taking is more significant within private companies and those located in the eastern and central regions. Digital finance impacts companies with strict financing constraints more significantly. This study provides a reference for reducing the negative impact of air pollution on high-quality economic development.


Two completely randomized block design experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation processing of canola meal on performance parameters of broiler chicks (Ross 308) and protein quality of canola meal. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) were measured as indices of canola meal protein quality. Samples of canola meal were tested for nutritional value after being irradiated at dose levels 10, 20 and 30 kGy. Glucosinolate content was reduced 40, 70 and 89 percent at irradiation dose levels of 10, 20 and 30 kGy respectively (p 0.05). Liver weight was decreased by irradiation dose (p 0.05). Gamma irradiation processing of canola meal had no significant effect on T3 level in blood of chickens that consumed canola meal, but T4 level of chicken blood at the 30 kGy dose decreased significantly (p 0.05). Gamma irradiation seems to be a good procedure to improve the nutritional quality of canola meal. (Key Words : Canola Meal, Gamma Irradiation, Performance, Glucosinolate, Erucic Acid, Chickens)


This paper deals with the fault tolerant control of a four-legged inverter/rectifier included in a full-stand alone generator dedicated to aircraft power supply. The controller proposed here is based on a predictive strategy allowing to keep an invariable architecture supervised by a fault detection subsystem. Finally, it is validated by simulations.


Abstract - A variational approach is presented for numerical identification of the boundary conditions in solution of the Cauchy problem governed by the Navier equations in two-dimensional elasticity. The Cauchy problem in elastostatics is featured by simultaneously prescribed displacement and traction on a part of the boundary of an elastic body. The boundary data may contain some noise. The problem can be reformulated as a minimization problem of a functional with constraints, then the minimization problem is recast into successive primary and adjoint boundary value problems with no constraints in the corresponding plane elasticity problem. Two variational formulations, i. e., displacement approach and traction approach, are described. For an approximate solution of the elasticity problems, the conventional direct boundary element method is applied. Through simple examples, it is shown that our variational approaches are convergent and the proposed numerical process is stable.


A user-friendly SAS statistical and graphical application to classify genotypes evaluated under multiple sites is presented. First, the test sites are classified into three environments, LOW [(Y .j ) Q3] yielding environments, using the first (Q1) and third (Q3) quartile of the site mean yield (Y. j ) as the cutoff value. Then, in each environment, the genotypes are classified as low [L: (Y. i ) (Y .. )] yielding under each of the three environments, by comparing each genotype mean (Y i. ) with the overall genotypic mean (Y .. ) based on LSD 0.01 statistic computed from a separate two-way ANOVA models for LOW, MED, and HIGH yielding environments. Using the user-friendly SAS MACRO, EXPLORGE horticulturists can effectively and quickly perform genotype classification under multi-site evaluation. The steps involved in downloading the necessary MACROCALL file from the author's home page [http://www.ag.unr.edu/gf] and the instructions for running the SAS MACRO are presented. The features of this graphical method and the graphics produced by the EXPLORGE MACRO are demonstrated and validated by published data.


"Keep your goals reachable." That is often the advice nurses and therapists give their patients as they face the challenges of rehabilitation after a serious injury or illness. Ironically, it is probably the same mantra healthcare professionals told themselves after experiencing the debilitating effects of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA). With the exception of the advent of managed care, few other actions have had such a sweeping impact on the industry.


Based on introducing digital certificate related concepts,the paper compares the similarities and differences of digital signature soft and hard certificates from the aspects of implementation process,implementation condition,convenience,security,law validity,maintainability,etc.Combining with the actual status of information system,it analyzes the selection of digital signature.


Sixty-nine previously unknown stations of more interesting species of vascular plants were described, which were discovered in the habitats of railway sites in the western part of the Lublin Upland. Altogether, these plants belong to five ecological apophyte groups (31 species) and four geographical-historical groups of anthropophytes (38 species). This plant group also comprises one species with indeterminate membership of the above plant elements. Among the described species, two principal groups merit attention. One consists of 14 species with previously unpublished stations from the studied area of the Lublin Upland and from neighbouring regions. The other group is composed of 55 species with stations not published so far from the investigated area, but which were described from habitats outside railway sites, mostly from indeterminate stations. This applies to plants published both from few (31 species) and from numerous stations (21 species). Out of the species described, the most interesting on the regional and national scale include: Aegilops cylindrica, Artemisia dracunculus, Avena strigosa, Brassica nigra, Bromus japonicus, Eragrostis pilosa, Erysimum marschalianum, Euphorbia virgultosa, Geranium sibiricum, Lactuca tatarica, Lathyrus nissolia, Lepidium latifolium, L. virginicum, Rapistrum perenne, Rubus laciniatus, Rumex patientia, Sisymbrium wolgense, Vicia lathyroides.


The present study investigated the occurrence of 13 parent and conjugated estrogens and progestagens in surface water of the Santa Ana River. With the exception of the synthetic hormones 17α‐ethynylestradiol and mestranol, other compounds were detected at least twice at 10 representative sites, with the ubiquitous estrone (E1) and 17β‐estradiol‐3‐sulfate as the dominant compounds quantified (0.24–6.37 ng/L and 0.49–9.25 ng/L, respectively). Sites near dairy farms exhibited high levels of conjugates, whereas those close to a sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent outlet displayed relatively high concentrations of E1. Principle component analysis coupled with multiple linear regression revealed dairy farms and the STP as the 2 significant contamination sources, accounting for 69.9% and 31.1% of the total hormone burden, respectively. Risk assessment results suggested E1 and 17β‐estradiol (E2) as the 2 hormones with the largest risks to aquatic organisms, and which combined, contributed >90% of the total estrogenicity. Most of the sites investigated showed that E1 and E2 posed a medium risk (0.1 < risk quotient < 1), whereas each induced a high risk (risk quotient >1) at sites severely impacted by the STP and dairy farms. These results suggest that river health would benefit from effective treatment of waste at the STP and dairy farms prior to discharge. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2657–2664. © 2016 SETAC


Well, here's a thing. The first Latin author to be honoured with an Oxford Handbook all to himself is . . . Quintilian. It is a suitably hefty tome, with 22 substantial chapters by a good range of betterand less-well-known Quintilianians from around Europe and the USA. Editors van der Poel, Edwards and Murphy have laudably preferred not 'to impose a standardized view of Quintilian' (p. 3), though some standardisation on other points might have been a good idea: some chapters cite him in Latin with translations, others only in English; one chapter introduces 'the doctrine of status' (pp. 108–11), the next 'the theory of issues' (pp. 121–2), without any hint that these are the same thing, still less a cross-reference. The editors' introduction is brief and to the point, even if it is hard to imagine Quintilian giving high marks for logic or style to a line like 'Undoubtedly thanks to its comprehensiveness and its eminently practical focus, the Institutio probably received soon after its publication the status of a key work on rhetoric' (p. 1); their hardest graft lurks in the end matter, three long and useful indexes. Hardest graft qua editors, that is: two of them also serve as contributors, supplying four chapters in all. Van der Poel launches the vessel with a chapter on Quintilian's life, reporting on the reconstructions of H. Dodwell (Annales Quintilianei [1698]) and others before giving his own solutions to the various uncertainties. That evidently involved plenty of reading in the Rare Books Room and the digital archives, homework also put to use in Chapter 2, a history of the Institutio in print notable for its diligence and critical neutrality (the Bipontine edition gets no more or less acclaim than Winterbottom's OCT). Those two chapters constitute Part 1 ('Life of Quintilian, and Quintilian Editions and Translations'); Murphy then opens Part 2 ('Quintilian's Rhetoric: The Institutio Oratoria in Detail') with a lively introduction to Quintilian's work featuring full precis and winning enthusiasm, to the point of claiming that it runs to 700,000 words (p. 59), about four times what I make it. It is apt that the opening Epistle to Trypho features at this early juncture, surprising that Murphy considers it 'merely a transmission letter' (p. 68) not intended for inclusion, and more surprising still that he maintains (p. 69) that the Institutio was written to help Quintilian's friend Marcellus with educating his son and published only as an afterthought: some more reflection on Roman paratexts and didactic conventions might be worthwhile. Van der Poel returns to present Quintilian's 'educational programme', attending primarily to Books 1–2, before four chapters on technical matters – definitions of rhetoric (G. Manuwald); inventio and dispositio (L. Calboli Montefusco); style (J. Fahnestock); memory and delivery (D.S. Levene) – escort us through Books 3–9 and 11. (Book 10, we later find, is held over for a later chapter, leaving Book 12 a poor relative, despite its importance as ethical, and in parts technical, climax.) Most of the seven chapters in Part 3, 'Quintilian in Context', range more widely in the Institutio: R.L. Enos on Quintilian in the rhetorical tradition, tuned especially to the Greek heritage and with apt and interesting focus on Isocrates; T. Zinsmaier on Quintilian's style (a welcome inclusion that left me wanting more by way of close reading and of syncrisis with other early imperial prose); F. Chico Rico on 'Quintilian as a Literary Critic', essentially, as you might guess, a reading of Inst. 10.1; B. Breij on declamation, a superb introduction to the phenomenon and Quintilian's nuanced response to it, and to scholarly THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 145


Prof. Emel Canbay ( Figure 1 ) is a general surgeon with expertise in breast and gastrointestinal surgery, minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery and cytoreductive surgery with peritonectomy procedures for peritoneal metastases of gastrointestinal cancers as gastric cancer, appendiceal neoplasms and colorectal cancers and gynecologic cancers. She also performs intraperitoneal chemotherapy applications, such as neoadjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy, laparascopic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy applications. Prof. Canbay has been educated and underwent advanced fellowships in Italy, United Kingdom, Japan, Korea and United States to improve her technical and scientific skills. Prof. Canbay has published numerous articles, such as "Multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of gastric cancer" published in book " Gastric Cancer " in Chinese and English.


In the present study, an aqueous extract was prepared using calli from the in vitro-derived leaves of Pyrus pyrifolia cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium containing picloram for a plant growth regulator. The major biological components in the callus extract were identified as uridine (1), adenosine (2), and guanosine (3). In terms of the antioxidant activity, at 300 µg/mL, the extract exhibited free radical scavenging activity of 76.9% ± 2.88% in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, comparable to that of 44 µg/mL ascorbic acid (82.5% ± 3.63%). In addition, the IC50 values for inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation from collagen and elastin were 602 ± 2.72 and 3037 ± 102.5 µg/mL, respectively. The extract significantly promoted keratinocyte and fibroblast cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, fibroblasts treated with 1.36 µg/mL extract exhibited a 1.60-fold increase in procollagen type I C-peptide level compared to controls. The in vitro wound recovery rates of keratinocytes and fibroblasts were also 75% and 38% greater, respectively, than those of serum-free controls at 9 and 36 h after extract treatment (1.36 µg/mL). Additionally, the extract flux across the human epidermis increased by 1598% after its incorporation into elastic nanoliposomes (NLs). Therefore, elastic NLs loaded with Pyrus pyrifolia callus extract have potential use as skin rejuvenators and antiaging ingredients in cosmetic formulations.


We formulate a comprehensive theoretical description of excitation harvesting in molecular aggregates that mimics photosynthetic light harvesting under natural conditions. An efficient numerical scheme that respects the continuity equation for excitation fluxes is developed to compute the nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) arising from the interplay between excitation generation by weak incoherent radiation, excitation relaxation, dephasing, trapping at the load, and recombination. We conclude that the non-zero values of nonequilibrium stationary coherences do not influence the light-harvesting efficiency, which is ultimately determined solely by the diagonal elements (populations) in the so-called preferred basis of the NESS. In the limit of long trapping time, we find that the NESS is quite similar to the excited-state equilibrium, in which the stationary coherences originate from the excitation--environment entanglement. For shorter trapping times, we demonstrate how the properties of the NESS can be extracted from the time-dependent description of an incoherently driven, but unloaded aggregate. This relation between stationary and time-dependent pictures is valid provided that the trapping time is longer than the decay time of dynamic coherences accessible in femtosecond spectroscopy experiments. While neither the dynamic nor the stationary coherences are directly relevant for natural light harvesting, their imprints on the NESS may be identified.


This review focus on the use of Mornga oleifera seed extract and it application in the environment. It is usually referred to as the miracle tree because of its
vast usefulness of its various parts. It is a source of protein, calcium, iron, carotenoids and phytochemicals utilized for several usage in developing countries. The plant parts have been used in various application such as
medicine, cosmetics, food supplements and water purification. This review presents the various application of Moringa oleifera seed extract as an adsorbent, coagulant, dewatering agent and as a disinfectant. This review also highlight the various methods used in processing the seed extracts, different
phytochemical and chemical constituents present in the seed extract. Other aspects that require further investigation were also highlighted in this review.


In 2018, the historiography on Fascism was enriched with an important book concerning the structure and the working of the Italian State under Mussolini's regime: "La macchina imperfetta. Immagine e realta dello Stato fascistaµ, by Guido Melis. This review article tries to focus on the main issues of the volume, framing it in the historiographic debate and evaluating its contribution to the knowledge of the significance of Fascist experience in the Italian institutional history. To this aim, the analysis deals with some themes in particular: the composition of the state apparatus and its mixture with the Fascist party; the running of the decision-making system and the role of Mussolini; the elements of continuity and rupture between Liberal and Fascist Italy; the relationships between the centre and the periphery of the institutional framework, between public and private spheres, between political power and socio-economic interests.


Abstract The first centenarian study in Hong Kong was conducted in 2011 and examined the multidimensional health of adults aged 95 or older. The 2011 study found that, among a population of about 3,000 centenarians, a significant proportion enjoyed a high degree of autonomy in their daily functions in relatively good health. The study has been repeated in 2021/22 (i.e., born in 1926 or before) when the city had more than 11,000 centenarians. Comparison of the two samples (2011: Nf77; 2021/22: Nf120) who lived with their family shows a significant difference in functional health, but not as much for physical health, favouring the 2011 cohort. More than 75% of the 2011 cohort demonstrated autonomy in activities of daily living (Bathing: 77.9%, dressing: 85.7%, toileting: 90.9%, indoor transfer: 89.6%; continence:75.3% and feeding: 94.8%). Only about half of the 2021/22 cohort were autonomous in these areas (40.0%, 44.3%, 54.7%, 42.5%, 63.2%, 46.7%, respectively). The number of chronic illnesses between the two cohorts were comparable (Mean(SD): 2011: 2.7 (1.6); 2021: 3.26 (1.60), yet dementia and frailty were more prevalent in the 2021 cohort (dementia: 44%; frailty: 9.1%) then the 2011 cohort (41.0%; 23.4%). Our findings alert metropolitans worldwide to the fast-increasing population of adults of advanced age with significant personal care and health needs in the community. Existing care for older adults has to be reframed and overhauled to provide comprehensive home- and personal-care support which will be essential for realizing ageing-in-place for adults in advanced age, especially after social distancing policies in COVID-19.


New criteria based on climate, soil and terrain parameters have been developed for the future delimitation of the Intermediate Less Favored Areas (LFAs) support, a measure of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. The criteria are extensively based on soil parameters like soil drainage, texture and stoniness, rooting depth and chemical properties currently available within the European Soil Information System (EUSIS) of the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC). Additional parameters related to climate (temperature, heat stress) and terrain (slope) can be easily combined within a fully interoperable geographic information system (GIS) to provide derived criteria, like soil moisture balance, as well as the ultimate delimitation of the areas with natural constraints to be eventually adopted as Intermediate Less Favored Areas by EU Member States. The application of integrated information systems providing the necessary data at the various scales in a common assessment framework will be demonstrated in some test cases, highlighting the potential benefits of fully interoperable geographic information systems complying with the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) directive.


The present paper continues the exploration of the physicochemical and catalytic properties of vanadia-mayenite composites. The samples were prepared by an impregnation of calcium aluminate Ca12Al14O33 (mayenite, C12A7) with a solution of vanadium precursor. Pure mayenite and V/C12A7 nanocomposites were characterized by Raman and diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopies. The reducibility of the samples was examined in temperature-programmed reduction experiments performed in a hydrogen atmosphere. The catalytic performance of vanadium-containing systems was studied in the non-oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. As found, the low-loaded sample (5%V/C12A7 sample) contains vanadium predominantly in the form of Ca3(VO4)2, while for the 10%V/C12A7 sample, two types of calcium vanadates (Ca2V2O7 and Ca3(VO4)2) are registered. The presence of these phases defines the spectroscopic characteristics and the redox properties of nanocomposites. Both the samples, 5%V/C12A7 and 10%V/C12A7, exhibit comparable catalytic activity, which is mainly connected with the amount of the Ca3(VO4)2 phase. The uniqueness of the studied catalysts is their excellent tolerance toward coke formation under the reaction conditions.


An Atlas of Interpretative Radiographic Anatomy of the Dog and Cat Arlene Coulson with Noreen Lewis Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008, 2nd Edition, hardback, 651 pages, Price £115.00, ISBN-13: 9781405138994


Logistics is an area where practice is particularly important and appreciated. In the their studies, students shall, in accordance with the programme of study, carry out internships which are to give them appropriate practice and experience. The article is the first part of two parts of the study, which aims to identify how logistic students perceive student internships and apprenticeships in a broad sense as work in the company. In this section, an attempt will be made to answer the question how students perceive and evaluate student internships and what should change in the attitudes and relations of the three stakeholder groups involved in internships: students themselves, companies and universities. The materials for the research were provided by two surveys conducted among students of the logistics faculty of one of the Polish universities.


>Tests of previously suggested methods of determining uranium in solution by x-ray absorption indicated that daily calibration of the photometer is necessary because of changes in response. It was found that by using machined aluminum plates as standards rather than uranium solutions, the time necessary for daily calibration can be reduced to about 15 minutes. The method was found to have a limit of error of plus or minus 0.25% at the 95% confidence level for a single determination of uranium in a solution equivalent to about 30 milligrams uranium dioxide per gram of solution. It was found difficult to obtain cells matched for x-ray absorption work, a point that has been insufficiently stressed in the past. (auth)


Cover crops have been reported as one of the most effective practices to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) for agroecosystems. Impacts of cover crops on SOC change vary depending on soil properties, climate, and management practices, but it remains unclear how these control factors affect SOC benefits from cover crops, as well as which management practices can maximize SOC benefits. To address these questions, we used an advanced process‐based agroecosystem model, ecosys, to assess the impacts of winter cover cropping on SOC accumulation under different environmental and management conditions. We aimed to answer the following questions: (1) To what extent do cover crops benefit SOC accumulation, and how do SOC benefits from cover crops vary with different factors (i.e., initial soil properties, cover crop types, climate during the cover crop growth period, and cover crop planting and terminating time)? (2) How can we enhance SOC benefits from cover crops under different cover crop management options? Specifically, we first calibrated and validated the ecosys model at two long‐term field experiment sites with SOC measurements in Illinois. We then applied the ecosys model to six cover crop field experiment sites spanning across Illinois to assess the impacts of different factors on SOC accumulation. Our modeling results revealed the following findings: (1) Growing cover crops can bring SOC benefits by 0.33 ± 0.06 MgC ha−1 year−1 in six cover crop field experiment sites across Illinois, and the SOC benefits are species specific to legume and non‐legume cover crops. (2) Initial SOC stocks and clay contents had overall small influences on SOC benefits from cover crops. During the cover crop growth period (i.e., winter and spring in the US Midwest), high temperature increased SOC benefits from cover crops, while the impacts from larger precipitation on SOC benefits varied field by field. (3) The SOC benefits from cover crops can be maximized by optimizing cover crop management practices (e.g., selecting cover crop types and controlling cover crop growth period) for the US Midwestern maize–soybean rotation system. Finally, we discussed the economic and policy implications of adopting cover crops in the US Midwest, including that current economic incentives to grow cover crops may not be sufficient to cover costs. This study systematically assessed cover crop impacts for SOC change in the US Midwest context, while also demonstrating that the ecosys model, with rigorous validation using field experiment data, can be an effective tool to guide the adaptive management of cover crops and quantify SOC benefits from cover crops. The study thus provides practical tools and insights for practitioners and policy‐makers to design cover crop related government agricultural policies and incentive programs for farmers and agri‐food related industries.


Hasofer-Lind(HL)method can not better solve the problem of the structural reliability of highly non-linear performance function.Wang and Grandhi's high-efficient reliability index calculation method makes up the shortcoming of HL method,however,this method takes the non-linear index for all the variables in the performance function.It also needs to ascertain the non-linear index by solving an invisible non-linear formula regarding non-linear index in the iterative process,thus,it results in a large amount and difficult calculation.The proposed method bases on Fadel's two point exponential approximation method when dealing with the structural optimization problems,modifies Wangs' method,not only gets rid of the shortcoming of HL method but also points out the explicit non-linear index formulation through taking the different non-linear index from the performance function and utilize the previous data gradient in the iteration history,simplify the calculation process meanwhile reduce calculation amounts.


The information revolution has generated a tremendous arousing of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) that have completely transformed its approach towards the global development. In recent years, access to these technologies is spreading fast. It was estimated that, by the end of 2005 the number of Internet users in developing countries may cross the 500 million mark, surpassing industrial nations for the first time, 1 though ITU estimates that some 800,000 villages—representing around one billion people worldwide—still lack connection to any kind of ICT (ITU, 2006). By some other estimates, more than 75% of the world's population now lives within range of a mobile network. Yet the long-heralded promise of ICT remains out of reach for most of the developing world, and in reality for the information poor, economic and social gaps are widening both within and among countries. 2 At the same time, the significance of information management in the developing nations needs no introduction; it is a well-established phenomenon in the development arena. Consequently , there is an urgent need to understand the technology perspective along with the pragmatic applications of it and to explore the potential of different types of knowledge that it may yield. In this context, synthesis on contents from computer science and theoretical physics to information science, communication studies and entomology need to be revisited with nascent eyes, focusing development of common people; the majority of the global community. Concrete plan of action through streamlined activities can assist any country to build a people-centred, inclusive and development-oriented information society. One of the most important prerequisite in this aspect is to build a development community among the stake-holders, forming global, regional, national, and local partnership and networking. However, successful and dynamic development of any nation in this globalize information driven society depend on highly varied and diversified parameters that are intermingled over the network, to attain common goals and objectives.


The driving technique of power switching devices used in DSTATCOM(Distribution STATic synchronous COMpensator)is discussed.In order to improve the reliability of DSTATCOM,a driving and protection strategy for IGBT used in medium- low-voltage DSTATCOM is proposed,in which,the driving circuit based on the intelligent integrated driving model 2SD315A realizes driving,insulation and protection,ensuring the reliability and stability of DSTATCOM.The circuit connection is described and some technical issues in the use of 2SD315A are pointed out.The designed driving circuit is tested on the DSTATCOM in lab,and results prove its correctness and feasibility.


We report some recent results on analytic pseudodifferential operators, also known as Wick operators. An important tool in our study is the Bargmann transform which provides a coupling between the classical (real) and analytic pseudodifferential calculus. Since the Bargmann transform of Hermite functions gives rise to formal power series in the complex domain, the results are formulated in terms of the Bargmann images of Pilipović spaces. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification p2010q: 35S05, 46F05


The problem of the relationship between formal logic and philosophy, which arose when formal logic arose, continues to concern both Soviet and foreign philosophers and logicians. Interest in this problem is traceable to a number of factors, among which, it should be noted at the outset, is the appearance of dialectical, logic. With the emergence of dialectical logic, the question of the relationship of formal logic to philosophy is posed anew. No matter how we approach the question of the subject matter of dialectical logic, there is no doubt of the fact that, being logic, it is concerned with the investigation of philosophical problems. It follows that logic (or part of logic, some form of logic) is at the same time philosophy or, at least, a portion of philosophy.