INTRODUCTION Resting-state functional MRI analysis techniques that determine the similarity between time varying signals of seed and target regions (e.g., by crosscorrelation in the time domain [1,2] and coherence in the frequency domain [3,4]) assume the signals are stationary. However, the resting-state is neither a static phenomenon nor is reproducible [5]; it varies greatly within and between subjects, and can be disrupted by inadvertent body movements and cognitive processes. In this study, we introduce an analysis approach based on the Stockwell transform [6] to temporally resolve coherence between resting-state signals. We demonstrate how Stockwell coherence (S-Coherence) can be used to reduce the contribution of unwanted hand movements in the determination of the resting-state connectivity within the motor network of the human brain. We hypothesize that S-Coherence exhibits lesser within-subject variability in comparison with existing techniques (temporal cross-correlation and coherence) that assume stationary signals. METHODS Four healthy, right-handed volunteers participated in the study, which was approved by the research ethics board governing the institution. For each subject, four series of resting-state T2*-weighted images were collected to encompass the motor cortex (GRE-EPI: TR = 2000 ms, TE = 30 ms, 24cm FOV; fifteen 5-mm thick slices, 64x64 matrix size). The first two series were collected while the subject was at rest with eyes open. During the other two series, subjects were asked to perform 2-second visually cued bilateral (series 3) or unilateral (series 4) finger flexions at three different times. An additional series was collected during the performance of a bilateral finger movement task (five visually-cued blocks of 20 seconds of selfpaced finger movements alternating with 20 seconds of rest) to be used as a motor cortex localizer, in order to select 300 voxels within the left (seed) and right (target) hemispheres. After low-pass filtering (0.1 Hz cut off frequency), temporal cross-correlation was performed between the average signal from the seed region and each of the voxels within the target region. The average Pearson's correlation coefficient of these 300 correlations was taken as the value of resting-state connectivity. For coherence, connectivity was taken as the average of the coherences calculated between the average signal of the seed region and each of the voxels of the target region, up to a frequency of 0.1 Hz. To compute S-Coherence for each voxel in the target region, the Stockwell transforms (i.e., temporally resolved frequency spectra) for both the average seed signal and the target voxel time course are first computed. Similar to the computation of coherence [3], the Stockwell auto-spectra for the seed region and target voxel as well as their cross-spectrum are calculated, and the ratio of the square of the cross-spectrum to the product of the auto-spectra is defined as S-Coherence. The result is a time-frequency spectrum of coherence. The mean S-Coherence across time and for frequencies up to 0.1Hz was recorded as S-Coherence connectivity for that voxel. The average for all voxels was taken as the final measurement of connectivity. To compute and compare within-subject coefficients of variation (CVs) for each of cross-correlation, coherence, and S-Coherence, all values underwent a Fisher transformation. For each subject, the within-subject CV was computed for (a) all four resting-state series, (b) the two runs with hand movements, and (c) for the two runs with no movement. RESULTS For all four subjects, S-Coherence successfully resolved the presence of hand movements within the seed and target regions in time and frequency. The within-subject CVs for each of cross-correlation, coherence, and S-Coherence are shown in the figure. An ANOVA demonstrated that when considering the two series with no movement, there was no significant difference between connectivity analysis methods. When considering the two runs with movement, the within-subject CV of cross-correlation was significantly greater than both coherence (p = 0.025) and S-Coherence (p = 0.013). For all four series, the within-subject CV of S-Coherence was significantly less than both crosscorrelation (p = 0.005) and coherence (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that S-Coherence possesses significantly less within-subject variability in the presence of inadvertent movements during a resting-state session. The fact that the within-subject CV for the two runs with no movement did not differ between cross-correlation, coherence, and S-Coherence, suggests that this significantly reduced within-subject CV for S-Coherence is indeed the result of the ability of S-Coherence to overcome signal variation associated with hand movements. The human brain is never fully at rest. Consequently, brain activity that negatively impacts the estimation of the resting-state is inevitable. Approaches like S-Coherence that resolve the similarity between time varying signals from spatially distinct brain regions in both time and frequency domains have the potential to reduce the effect of unwanted signals during resting-state analysis. References [1] Biswal B, et al. Magn Reson Med 34:537-541 (1995). [4] Sun FT, et al. Neuroimage 28:227-237 (2005). [2] Rogers B, et al. Magn Reson Imag 25:1347-1357 (2007). [5] Goncalves SI, et al. Neuroimage 30:203-213 (2005). [3] Sun FT, et al. Neuroimage 21:647-658 (2004). [6] Stockwell RG, et al. IEEE trans signal process 44:998-1001 (1996).


The presence of time delay in a conventional starting system of a marine large diesel engine makes it difficult to open and close the starting valve at most suitable timing for starting and braking in different engine speed. The time delay occurs mainly in pressure transmission in the pipe of pilot starting air between the starting air distributor and the starting valve.In a new starting system, ECSS, the time delay is calculated and compensated by electronic controlled circuit so that it can drive the starting valve at most suitable timing for starting and braking respectively, even if the engine speed may change rapidly. The ECSS adapts magnetic valves to the starting air distributor. They are controlled by a micro computer where the engine speed and the crank angle are sampled by using an encoder fitted at the end of cam shaft.From the result obtained through the test engine (NKK-SEMT 3PC2-5L) experiments, it is proved that the starting performance is improved remarkably compared with the conventional, mechanical starting system. As for braking performance, it is found that the starting valve can be controlled beyond the limitation of conventional effective braking speed.


The invention relates to a cleaning flocking method of a solar battery, which comprises the following steps of: precleaning a silicon wafer; removing an affected layer with an alkaline solution; etching a surface oxidation layer; carrying out a drying procedure; precleaning; flocking to form a pyramid flocked surface structure; cleaning to remove organics; carrying out surface finishing for smoothing the flocked surface; cleaning to remove metal impurities; etching the surface oxidation layer; and carrying out the drying procedure. The cleaning flocking method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of easiness in operation, low cost and suitability for batch production of large-area solar batteries and can be used for more cleanly cleaning the surface of the silicon wafer; moreover, the top of the formed pyramid flocked surface is provided with a certain smooth surface, thereby being conductive to solving the problem of nonuniform deposition of an amorphous silicon membrane, which is caused by adverse factors such as point discharge in subsequent plasma deposition.


The rheology of suspensions of fibers in polymer solutions is strongly dependent on fiber–fiber and fiber–polymer interactions. To model these interactions and their dependence on the flow and suspension properties, the steady shear viscosity of glass fibers in a polyethylene oxide polymer solution are measured for different fiber volume fractions and aspect-ratios. The measurements are conducted for well characterized fiber samples that have a uniform and well defined aspect-ratio and for moderate volume fractions. The results of the experimental study are used to correlate the polymer–fiber coupling factor and the fiber–fiber interaction coefficient using a mathematical model based on a modified FENE-P (finitely extensible nonlinear elastic) constitutive equation. It was found that both parameters are strongly dependent on the characteristics of the suspension, but also depend on the flow shear rate that determines the degree of fiber orientation. In general, fiber–fiber and polymer–fiber interactions increase with both the aspect-ratio and the volume fraction and are more important when the fibers are not fully oriented. POLYM. COMPOS., 27:82–91, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers


To evaluate a real accessory failure, a reproducible surface discharge arrangement is created by omitting a field control tube at one end of an MV cable and stressing the arrangement with two different voltages (AC and DAC). Since these arrangements correspond to a real failure type and may occur, e.g. in the case of bad workmanship, it is of considerable interest to prove the detectability of this failure type by ACand DAC-Test Voltage. The focus of this investigation is laid on the reproducibility and the partial discharge characteristics under AC and DAC stress.


The role of derivatives in the banking industry. Banking and the classification of banks. Derivatives and the financial crisis. The role of derivatives in the financial crisis development. Some empirical evidence.


Yes, DDT is back. In September, The World Health Organization held a press conference to promote the wide-spread use of DDT in Africa. Dr. Arata Kochi, head of the WHO malaria program, assured the world that DDT is not only the most effective insecticide against malaria but also posed no health risk when properly used. "Expanding its use is essential to reviving the flagging international campaign to control the disease," he said (3). The WHO announcement marked the end of a tough campaign by public health officials and malaria experts who had argued for years that DDT was a necessary public-health weapon in poor tropical countries. The arguments were formulated in 1996 by Amir Attaran of Harvard University's Center for International Development (4). After hundreds of physicians the world over had signed a petition urging resumption of DDT spraying, Attaran concluded that indoor residual house-spraying with DDT was "an inexpensive, highly effective, practice against malaria. . .the quantities involved are minimal (2g/m) unlike agricultural uses which inject tons of DDT into the outdoors." For the amount of DDT used on a cotton field (levels referred to by Rachel Carson in Silent Spring) "all the high risk residents of a small country can be protected from malaria (4)." And DDT is not only effective against the mosquito vectors of malaria, it is equally robust at stopping other arthropod-borne killers such as dengue, yellow fever, sleeping sickness, and typhus. It has played a major role in 20th century history. DDT was first introduced to the world by Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Müller (1899–1965) of Geigy AG. Müller passed its secret to the Allies towards the end of World War II and wherever they employed the pesticide, arthropod-borne diseases were eradicated. Lacking the pesticide, German soldiers died of typhus by the thousands, their prisoners in flea-ridden concentration camps by the hundreds of thousands: typhus was the second leading cause of death in the camps (5). Müller was awarded the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1948 for his "discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods." The full citation gives him proper credit: "DDT has been used in large quantities in the evacuation of concentration camps, of prisoners and deportees. Without any doubt, the material has already preserved the life and health of hundreds of thousands (6)." Shortly thereafter, DDT became available worldwide and was successfully employed against other arthropod-borne diseases, most notably, malaria. DDT helped to eradicate malaria from the developed regions of the world (the United States, Europe) and to lower its incidence by over 99% in others (Sri Lanka, India). In South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal province, malaria epidemics before DDT killed more than 22,000. By 1973 after DDT, South Africa recorded only 331 malaria cases in the entire country; in 1977, only a single death was reported (7). Malaria was on its way out in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rudolph Leuckart, "Arthropoda" (1880) from Wandtafeln, circa 1880. Courtesy of the MBLWHOI Library.


Abstract : The crystal structure of (+)-N-((2-benzylmethylamino)propyl)propionanilide hydrobromide, C20H27N2OBr, has been determined by the heavy atom method and refined by block-diagonal least-squares to an R index of 0.049 for the 1569 observed reflexions. The unit cell is monoclinic, space group P2(1), with a=9.487, b=12.071, c=9.247 A, beta=107 deg 32 min, Z=2. Ths six atoms of the amide group are slightly nonplanar with a maximum deviation of 0.07 A occurring at N, but the four atoms identified with letters are planar. The s-methyl is well removed from the phenyl rings and is not shielded by either of them. There is strong evidence in support of a hydrogen bond between N(+) and Br(-), which are 3.23 A apart. The absolute configuration of the molecule in this hydrobromide derivative is found to be R in terms of the sequence rule nomenclature, thus confirming the absolute configuration determined chemically for the free base. (Author)


For the Oxford Aerial Tracking System (OATS) we are developing a robot helicopter that can track moving ground objects. Here we describe algorithms for the device to perform path planning and trajectory prediction. The path planner uses superquadratic potential fields and incorporates a height change mechanism that is triggered where necessary and in order to avoid local minima traps. The goal of the trajectory prediction system is to reliably predict the target trajectory during occlusion caused by ground obstacles. For this we use two artificial neural networks in parallel whose retraining is automatically triggered if major changes in the target behaviour pattern are detected. Simulation results for both systems are presented.


Introduction: Parasympathetic effects (PE) on cardiac electrophysiology during exercise (Ex) and post-exercise recovery (Rec), a time of heightened risk for sudden death, have not been studied in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We hypothesized that PE are suppressed in subjects with low LVEF. Methods: Non-invasive programmed stimulation (NIPS) was performed during multiple bicycle exercise sessions in 10 subjects (9 men, age 60 ± 9 yr, LVEF 29 ± 8%) with ICDs during rest, Ex, and Rec at baseline and after parasympathetic blockade with atropine. PE was calculated as the difference in the value of the parameter of interest in the absence of atropine minus its value in the presence of atropine. Results: PE (figure; *p Conclusions: Surprisingly, PE is preserved in patients with depressed LVEF, though there may be a longer lag to restoration of PE in the recovery period. These data underscore that understanding the pathophysiologic role of PE in sudden death cannot be achieved with surrogate measures of sinus node effects.


The present study was conducted to optimize the mouth piece diameter and suction pressure of plug tray seeding mechanism of pneumatic seeder for cabbage seeding. The seeding mechanism consisted of a seeding pipe with hypodermic needles as seed picking units, a cut-off device for supplying/cutting suction, a pressure regulating assembly consisting of a vacuum gauge and pressure control valve, and a suction unit. The seeding unit was connected to the pressure regulating assembly by a flexible pipe for easy operation. The responses namely, per cent miss, per cent multiple, per cent single, output, and seed damage were determined in the laboratory for different levels of mouthpiece diameter and suction pressure. Mouthpiece diameter of 0.84 mm and suction pressure of 5.9 kPa were found suitable for cabbage seeding with 92.88% singles and 69 cell.min-1 output capacity. As germination percentage was not affected by the mouthpiece diameter and suction pressure, the quality of the seeds could be expected to remain unaltered.


Abstract : Acoustic energy transfer from a tapered fluid layer into a fast bottom was investigated experimentally using fresh water and a saline solution separated by a sheet of 0.5 mil mylar. A 150 kHz pulsed signal was excited in the upper layer and a receiver in the lower fluid layer was used to determine the acoustic field. Measurements were made for taper angles of 1.52, 2.51, and 4.41 deg and for (rho)c ratios of 0.745 and 0.836. Beams were observed in the lower layer, beginning at points where the depth of the tapered layer equals a cutoff depth for a normal mode. The experimental beam patterns agree well with the theoretical predictions for angles from grazing to the angle where the maximum pressure amplitude is reached. For greater angles, experiment and theory significantly diverge. (Author)


Early resumption of ovarian activity has been reported to be an important factor for the reproductive success of dairy cows because of improved uterine health and fertility. However, early lactation is characterized by a period of negative energy balance (NEB) and mobilization of fat reserves, which is highly associated with a longer postpartum anovulatory period. Moreover, the initiation of milk production and excessive utilization of calcium may lead to a subclinical hypocalcemic status that has been linked to deficient fatty acid metabolism in early lactation. Additionally, subclinical hypocalcemia (SCHP) can result in decreased progesterone (P4) and corpus luteum (CL) functionality, which further decreases reproductive performance in high-producing dairy cows. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of SCHP and NEB during the first 2 weeks in milk on the ovarian activity during the voluntary waiting period of dairy cows in herds with automatic milking systems (AMS).


Abstract : The military retirement system is designed to allow the services to encourage the right amount of skilled professional service members to serve in the military. The U.S. Army's early retirement program is a temporary one designed to allow some soldiers to leave the service prior to 20 years of service, to reduce the Army's operating budget without destroying morale. No widespread tool is available for an officer to decide if he should retire between 15 to 20 years of service. It is suspected that many soldiers make this important decision based on instinct. This thesis provides an analysis of whether it makes financial sense for an officer to select early retirement. A spreadsheet formulation is developed and used to indicate if and when an officer should select early retirement. The program investigates the decision that various civilian salary levels and various assumed discount rates.


The existence of fixed assets in a company are very important, so did the calculation of depreciation. Differences on the method of depreciation expense based on fiscal and commercial methods can cause its own problems for taxpayers and for tax officers. The purpose of Scientific Writing is to know the amount of depreciation expense of fixed assets CV. Two Main Technica, compare the depreciation method used is the straight-line method based on the commercial methods with fiscal methods, and analyze the differences of both methods against the income statement. After the authors perform calculations with both methods, it is known the amount of depreciation expense resulting from the calculation of the above two methods are different, so the statement of income for each method is also different. This is because the greater the smaller the depreciation cost of revenue generated and the lesser means of tax payable must be paid.


Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks, is known to cause significant yield losses in wheat. Durum wheat genotype Trinakria showed high level and broad spectrum seedling resistance to 18 leaf rust races. The F1 from cross between A-9-30-1/Trinakria tested at seedling stage showed resistance to leaf rust races, 77-5 and 104-2. A total of 220 F2 plants derived from the cross A-9-30-1/Trinakria were evaluated against leaf rust race 77-5. Of these 220 F2 plants, 156 plants were resistant while 54 showed susceptible reaction. A total of 86 plants in BC1 population derived from cross A-9-30-1/Trinakria // A-9-30-1 were also screened against leaf rust race 77-5. Out of these, 41 plants were resistant and remaining 45 showed susceptible reactions. The present investigations showed that Trinakria carries broad spectrum and a high degree of resistance to leaf rust pathotypes. Genetic analysis at seedling stage against pathotype 77-5 in F2 and BC1 generations confirmed the presence of a single dominant gene. 4.2.


Janne up den Bosch, prioress of the convent of Saint-Agnes in Ghent, died in 1486. Thanks to a vivid description in the convent's chronicles, we are well informed about the last days of her life. This gives us the opportunity to catch a glimpse of Janne's last few days and of the impact her death had on the other sisters. This fragment illustrates how Janne up den Bosch lived on in the collective memory of the community. Her exemplary life and death served as a mirror for future generations. In this way continuity was created and at the same time guaranteed, between the present and the past, and between the past and the future. This article discusses three historiographical texts from different convents of the Modern Devotion in the Southern Low Countries. By looking at the process of the transition of a lived, embodied memory into symbolic and written forms of cultural memory more insight can be gained into the formation of different group cultures within the Modern Devotion. The memory of the deceased members of the different groups not only cultivated a collective memory, but the exemplary lives of brothers and sisters were also used to transfer a specific cultural behavior.


(54) FABRICATION METHOD OF SINTERED (30) Foreign Application Priority Data DUPLEX NUCLEAR FUEL PELLET May 19, 2004 (KR)............................ 10-2004-0O35571 (75) Inventors: Young Woo Rhee, Daejeon (KR); Keon Sik Kim, Daejeon (KR); Jong Publication Classification Hun Kim, Daejeon (KR); Ki Won 7 Kang, Daejeon (KR); Jae Ho Yang, (51) Int. Cl." ....................................................... C23C 2700 Daejeon (KR); Kun Woo Song, (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 505/.445 Daejeon (KR); Youn Ho Jung, Daejeon (KR) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: THE WEBB LAW FIRM, P.C. 700 KOPPERS BUILDING A method for fabricating a sintered duplex nuclear fuel 436 SEVENTHAVENUE pellet includes the Steps of preparing a first powder com PITTSBURGH, PA 15219 (US) posed of a material Selected from the group consisting of 9 UO, and UO-Er-Os, and a second powder composed of (73) Assignees: Korea Atomic Energy Research InstiUO-Gd,O, and a sintering additive; producing a duplex tute; Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power compact consisting of an annular outer portion composed of Co., Ltd. the first powder and a cylindrical inner portion composed of the Second powder; and Sintering the duplex compact under (21) Appl. No.: 11/049,452 a reducing gas atmosphere, wherein the Sintering additive contains manganese of 0.001% to 2% by weight based on (22) Filed: Feb. 2, 2005 the total weight of the cylindrical inner portion.


The bamboo-slip-manuscript of Zhouyi differs much in characters from the received version of Zhouyi. Taking ten items of variants in the bamboo slips manuscript version, this paper sets forth some new points of view concerning the variants of Chinese characters.


In brittle solids, stress concentration at the tip of cracks acts as a magnifying glass of the microstructural disorder of materials. As a result, macroscopic failure properties are extremely sensible to microscale heterogeneities. For example, fracturing systems often display a jerky dynamics characterized by sudden jumps of the front position spanning over a broad range of length scales and fracture surfaces exhibit roughness at length scales much larger than that of the microstructure. In addition, microscopic toughness fluctuations can modify qualitatively the macroscopic effective resistance of materials. To bridge those length scales, tools issued from statistical physics have been proved to be very helpful. Combined with more classical approaches in fracture mechanics, they lead to statistical models that can capture quantitatively the role of microstructural disorder on the failure properties of brittle solids.


Higher vocational college is an important component of constructing a harmonious socialist society.Based on reading of the meaning of harmonious campus construction in vocational college,this paper gives a new value of constructing a harmonious campus in higher vocational college,mainly analyzing the selective path of harmonious campus construction in higher vocational college.


In order to determine the optimal conditions for the process of acetic acid fermentation, the kinetics of Acetobacter aceti fermentation in submerged batch cultures were studied at different agitation speeds and air flow rates. The maximum cell concentration was noted after about 48 hr fermentation and the time course of Acetobactey aceti fermentation showed a distinct feature of growth-associated product formation. At agitation speeds 700, 500, and 300 rpm fixed on air flow rate 1 v/v/M, specific grow rates were , saturation constants were 61.4, 64.6, and 69.4mg/ml. and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficients were 0.9337, 0.4468, and 0.1701 respectively. At air flow rates 1.25, 1.00, and 0.75 v/v/M fixed on agitation speed 500 rpm, specific growth rates were , saturation constants were 63.4, 64.6, and 64.9 mg/ml, and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient were 0.4923, 0.4468, and 0.3509 respectively.


This review discusses both tools and strategies that may be employed as approaches towards the pursuit of orally active compounds from peptidergic molecules. Besides providing a review of these subjects, this paper provides an example of how these were utilized in a research programme at SmithKline Beecham involving the development of orally active GPIIb/IIIa antagonists. The tools for studying oral drug absorption in‐vitro include variants of the Ussing chamber which utilize either intestinal tissues or cultured epithelial cells that permit the measurement of intestinal permeability. Example absorption studies that are described are mannitol, cephalexin, the growth hormone‐releasing peptide SK&F 110679 and two GPIIb/ IIIa antagonist peptides SK&F 106760 and SK&F 107260. With the exception of cephalexin, these compounds cross the intestine by passive paracellular diffusion. Cephalexin, on the other hand, crosses the intestine via the oligopeptide transporter. Structure‐transport studies are reviewed for this transporter. The tools for studying oral drug absorption in‐vivo involve animals bearing in‐dwelling intestinal or portal vein catheters. A study of the segmental absorption of SK&F 106760 is provided.


THz spectroscopy is a useful tool for identification of materials. However, for its reliable use, the effects of surface roughness must be taken into account. Scattering, diffraction and interference can hinder reliable detection. In our experiments, we measure samples with defined roughness parameters at varying angles of incidence and reflection. To determine the effect on material classification, we train a machine learning algorithm with samples of low roughness and test it with samples of higher surface roughness.


The French author Joffre Dumazedier identified four characteristics of leisure: liberated, disinterested, hedonistic and personal. Together, these seem to be at variance with his wider perspective of ''cultural development,'' in which questions of values and education are invoked in the belief that leisure serves the multiple, mixed functions of relaxation, entertainment, and development. More recently, Dumazedier stressed the role of leisure as an autonomous sphere of production of new social values. What then is entertainment all about? Focus group members from Taiwan told McLennan-Dodd and Tomaselli that films rarely concern themselves with questions of ideology, truth and reality; rather, in the interest of profit and material benefits, they are made to exploit consumers' desires and fantasies, which are crude commercialism, materialism, and capitalism, pure and simple. Focus group members in Africa were just slightly more inclined to make comments on stereotypes, prejudice, and exploitation. Indeed, the genealogical analysis of the social history of Chinese entertainment in Singapore that is offered by Chan and Yung suggests a movement over time from entertainment embedded in religious and ethnic festivities to a contemporary moment when entertainment is about consumption; thus the terms consumptive recreation and recreational consumption, wherein personal pleasure and hedonism are commodified. De Kloet's analysis of Chinese rock shows a similar attempt on the part of rock in northern China to differentiate itself from pop in the south—Hong Kong and Taiwan—which is about commercialism, assembly-line production, and popular taste. Yet rock is not pop: the former has a soul which has an identity-building project to authenticate itself. Another example of entertainment that has gone banal can be found in Luk's analysis of the degenerative poverty of tourism in China under mobilizational developmentalism; here the New Year Festival has been packaged to anticipate, imagine, and satisfy the fantasies of tourists, of outsiders. Western notions of break-dancing and short skirts have been inserted into public parades to announce


The Gaussian Mixture Probability Hypothesis Density (GM-PHD) filter can effectively track multiple targets in a single scenario. However, for GM-PHD, unknown target behavior, e.g., target birth or target intersection, produces difficulties in terms of accurate estimation. First of all, GM-PHD assumes the model parameters about the birth target are prior information, which results in the inability to detect the birth target that occurs at random in complex scenarios. Then, since the measurements generated by the intersected targets overlap each other, GM-PHD cannot distinguish these targets, resulting in a biased estimation of the state and number of targets. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an improved GM-PHD filter with a birth intensity and spawned intensity updating method based on the trajectory situation feedback. In the filtering process, the trajectory initiation feedback formed by the rule-based correlation of Gaussian components is introduced to GM-PHD to adjust the birth intensity in real time, which is used to improve the detection of birth targets. Simultaneously, the analysis of trajectory situation is designed to determine the relative motion trend between targets. On this basis, the filter improves the recognition of the intersected targets by enhancing the spawned intensity. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance on the state and number of targets in complex scenarios, and shows superiority to other GM-PHD filters.


The landscape of organic synthesis has changed in the last two decades, especially in areas such as pharmaceutical synthesis and large-scale industrial synthesis. The progress and development of synthetic methodologies...


Clinicians are reluctant to seek mental health services. They fear loss of livelihood and disciplinary action. The Oregon Wellness Program (OWP) is a state-wide consolidated mental health initiative formally established in 2018 as a physician, physician assistant, acupuncturist, and podiatrist program. OWP is self-referral, not-mandated, strictly confidential, and free. Reporting to oversight bodies is forbidden. Utilization increased from 228 clients to 349 clients (a 53% increase) and 405 visits to 625 visits (a 54% increase) from 2019 to 2020 respectively, coinciding with the first COVID-19 pandemic surge. Between April 2019 and the end of August 2020, 41 of 433 (9.5%) individuals who were provided mental health services returned 77 program evaluation surveys, indicating satisfaction with the program (96%), its helpfulness to them personally (99%), and changes made in their personal lives (80%). The burnout response rate fell with increased visits and reallocation of activities within their practices increased (39%). A survey of mental health professionals corroborated positive results of their clients. The OWP can serve as a model for healthcare professional support programs. Collaboration among healthcare organizations, professional, and oversight bodies is essential. Increasing sustainable funding to pay for expanding services for dentists and nurses, assuring access for rural clinicians, and developing research tools to capture a more robust sample of responses remain priorities.


Context. Cloud computing (CC) is developed as a Human-centered computing model to facilitate its users to access resources anywhere on the globe. The resources can be shared among any cloud user wh ...


Does expected partner or task related criteria affect how trust and loyalty is developed between tourism firms? This paper poses a model, which is developed on the assumption that well defined partner and task related partner expectations and experienced trust, should build loyalty between tourism firms. The model provides a more precise assessment for scholars, which believes that trust is related to the risk that is associated with personal relationships between two or more firms, and that risk depends on expectations that are derived from personal relationships. The model also integrates the role of experienced trust in transforming different partner selection criteria into loyalty. The contribution of the model is that it provides insights into cooperative relationships by examining the role of trust between small tourism firms when cooperation is established. Data from a sample of 96 tourism firms in the Northern U.S. is used to test the model. The findings provide implications for tourism scholars and policy-makers who are interested in developing managerial strategies that are based on personal relationships.


Combined with the conditions of field practice of array work,the problems of array selection,construction and equipment maintenance in the process are analyzed,and the corresponding processing methods are given out in the paper.


Objective To evaluate the ability and accuracy in detection of atherosclerotic plaque with 64-multidetector row spiral computed tomography(64-MSCT),and compare the findings of intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) on the basis of coronary segments.Methods From November 2009 to January 2010,50 patients with suspected or confirmed coronary artery disease were enrolled,male 38,female 12,aged 42-74 years old,mean age 55 years old.The 64-MSCT images were performed,and the coronary IVUS performed within 2-week.The images of 186 coronary artery plaque with 64-MSCT and IVUS were control studied,plaques in IVUS were calcified plaque,fibrous plaque and soft plaque accorded to the echo characteristics.64-MSCT were measured the patch density,and indicated the CT value.Results A total of 186 coronary artery segments were imaged and analyzed,the sensitivity of 65-MSCT in atherosclerotic plaque segment was 93.2 % and specificity was 91.6 %,which compared with IVUS results.The plaque of non-calcified plaque group contained more fiber and fiber lipid than calcified plaque group,it was statistically significant difference.Compared with non-calcified plaque group,the mixed plaque group and calcified plaque group contained more necrotic core.Conclusion It is demonstrated that 64-MSCT have a great potential to detect coronary atherosclerotic plaque in patients,the results of 64-MSCT and IVUS are relevant.


Abstract Selective placement is the process of matching adoptive parents to adopted children with respect to particular characteristics. Previous studies of selective placement have been limited with respect to the variables examined as well as sources of information. The present study examined both physical and behavioral data on 206 "first" adoptions, including information on birth fathers and birth mothers, their parents, infant adoptees, and adoptive parents. Results indicate that physical as well as behavioral characteristics are used in selective placement, although the absolute level of selective placement is low. Selective placement based on education and occupation of the birth parents' parents is not greater than selective placement based on education and occupation of the birth parents themselves. Characteristics of infant adoptees are not important factors in selective placement. To the extent that selective placement occurs for behavioral and physical characteristics, our data suggest that it...


Of course, simply because the new contraceptive appeared to work in lower animals, doesn't mean that it will necessarily work in men. There may be subtle health changes in men that were not apparent in mice. There may be epigenetic consequences for their children that, likewise, were not evident in mice. There may be long-term consequences for the men themselves that would only become apparent over years or even decades, far beyond the duration of this study. Finally, even damaged sperm may lead to the conception of children so genetically compromised that they are not capable of surviving more than a few days or weeks in the womb. That would make the new drug not a contraceptive at all, but an abortifacient.


The residual oil film after water flooding is a near-wall fluid layer which is adhered to pore's wall and enclosed by three phase interfaces.The oil film is shown to be changeable in components and mechanical properties away from the pore's wall.In chemical flooding,the oil displacement agent is to mobilize the oil film,whereas the oil displacement agent/oil,oil/solid and oil displacement agent/solid interfacial tensions prevent the oil film from moving.Taking into consideration the complexity of composition and mechanical properties of the oil film and of the actions between phase interfaces,the previous investigations focused on the phenomena observation and the qualitative speculation of micro experiments of displacing oil film.In this study,a simplified pore model for displacing oil film is put forward according to the main feature of remained oil film after water flooding. Furthermore,based on the experimental results,the displacement efficiency for viscoelastic fluid is quantitatively calculated by a numerical method at different interfacial tensions.The effects of rheological properties of oil displacement agent,oil displacement agent/oil interfacial tension,and displacing velocity on oil film of different thickness are discussed.Synthetic effects of viscoelasticity and interfacial property on residual oil are further investigated.The results show that the displacement of an oil film starts from the oil displacement agent/oil interface,and the restriction of interface and the yield stress of the oil film are needed to overcome.Decreasing interfacial tension or enhancing the viscoelasticity or displacement velocity is favorable to increasing the displacement efficiency of oil film.With increasing viscoelasticity appropriately,the requirement to ultra-low interfacial tension can be loosened for a thin oil film to be displaced.


The late Max Robinson's career in television news began behind the television screen, literally, instead of in front of it. In 1958, at the age of 19, Robinson answered an ad in Portsmouth, Virginia, for the position of television announcer, and, to the surprise of many, got the job. He was, in that year, one of the first African American newsmen in the country to appear on television, or "be heard" on the tube. Robinson described the experience.


In this paper, the concepts of primary fuzzy term sets and basis fuzzy sets are introduced. In order to remedy the problem of context in fuzzy reasoning environments, it is shown that a base logic, such as the main fuzzy logic paradigm proposed by Zadeh, could be employed in conjunction with three proposed primary fuzzy term sets, to model new logical operations and primitives. The proposed flexible structure introduced for fuzzy reasoning paradigms, called "soft fuzzy reasoning paradigm", provides the methodology for the implementation of all the known parameterized fuzzy reasoning paradigms. Canonical and base canonical fuzzy rule-based expert systems are introduced and employed to address the definition of analogous fuzzy systems. Three types of analogous fuzzy systems are discussed. As a problem case, two physically different systems such as a flexible robot and a heating slab which fall under type one of analogous systems, are discussed. Conditions for the transfer of knowledge across two analogous fuzzy systems are mentioned.


Premise of research. Rhynchospora, one of the biggest genera of sedges, displays several spikelet and flower modifications and is one of a few genera where the pollination strategy changes from wind to insect pollination; however, the mechanisms that have promoted such diversity in the genus are unknown. We have performed a comparative study of spikelet and flower development of Rhynchospora from an evolutionary perspective to get insight into the bases of spikelet and flower evolution. Particularly, we investigate correlations between the change from wind to insect pollination that occur in the genus and the spikelet and flower traits. Methodology. The spikelet and flower development of nine species of Rhynchospora were studied using SEM images. Parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian reconstruction analyses were conducted to evaluate the evolutionary history of flower and spikelet developmental programs. Pivotal results. We identified seven morphological and developmental traits that vary among Rhynchospora species; ancestral character reconstructions show that the spikelet and flower morphology and their developmental pathways support the diversification of Rhynchospora lineages. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the evolution of spikelet and flower developmental programs in Rhynchospora may be related to the evolution of its pollination type and mating system. The evolution toward a bisexual spikelet and flowers in which the androecium develops faster than the gynoecium may represent important steps for the transition from a wind- to insect-pollination system. In addition, we found new traits of spikelets and flowers that may help to distinguish natural groups within Rhynchospora.


A federal court should approach the presence of foreigners in a global class action for monetary relief with an open mind. It should keep them in so long as it can conclude, upon a reflective comparative law analysis, that the judiciary in their nation of origin would uphold the ultimate ruling. For example, Latin American absent class members should normally stay on board inasmuch as virtually every jurisdiction in their region would allow a U.S. adjudicator to arrive at this conclusion. Accordingly, they would fail, on grounds of res judicata, if they ever tried to re-litigate the matter back home upon a defeat on the merits in the United States. In particular, a tribunal from any one of seven representative regional countries (Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Peru, and Ecuador) would most probably find such a U.S. judgment consistent with local due process, as well as with the remaining requirements for recognition. In other words, it would hold that absentees stemming from its jurisdictional territory could not legitimately complain about the preclusive effect since they would have free ridden on the efforts of their representatives with a chance at compensation, would have benefited from numerous fairness controls, and could have similarly faced preclusion in their homeland based on a suit prosecuted by someone else without their authorization. Judges in the United States should engage in a similar in-depth deliberation to decide whether to welcome citizens from anywhere else in the world to the litigation.  George J. and Helen M. England Professor of Law, University of Connecticut; CAPES Visiting Professor from Abroad, Federal & State Universities of Rio de Janeiro; Ph.D., M.A. (Philosophy), A.B. (Economics and Philosophy), Harvard University; J.D., Yale Law School. The author himself has translated the quoted non-English texts and vouches for the accuracy of the translation. He would like to thank Ben Haldeman and Claudia Schubert for their invaluable contribution to the development of the ideas of this Article. Washington University Open Scholarship 72 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY GLOBAL STUDIES LAW REVIEW [VOL. 16:71


In this paper, we present self-paced Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) based interaction with a computer game. The BCI is able to detect three different motor imagery related brain patterns (imagination of left hand, right hand, foot or tongue movements) in the ongoing brain activity by using three bipolar electroencephalogram (EEG) channels only. To ensure that brain activity was used for control, on-line reduction and detection of eye movements and other muscle artifacts were used. The task of the game was to navigate through a virtual environment and collect scattered coins within a limited time. Results of three subjects are reported. All three subjects managed to control the BCI by using the self-paced operation mode and collect coins. Two out of the three succeeded to collect all of them.


A complete analysis of the consequences of introducing a set of holonomic gauge-fixing constraints (to fix the dynamics) into a singular Lagrangian is performed. It is shown that in general the dynamical system originating from the reduced Lagrangian erases all the information regarding the first class constraints of the original theory, but retains the second class ones. It is proved that even though the reduced Lagrangian can be singular, it never possesses any gauge freedom. As an application, the example of n·A=0 gauges in electromagnetism is treated in full detail.


Video playback system development has always been a challenging task in digital world problems such as education, sports event coverage, news and media domains. This work introduces a novel approach to summarize videos, primarily video lectures by varying the video playback frame rate without removing any frames from the video. This is accomplished by using Self organizing feature maps so as to learn from previous users' data and give the optimized playback frame rate as the output. A video player is modified to record the key strokes and create a database of previous users' playback preferences. Being a self-learning system, the accuracy of results is better when training is done using a vast set of data. Finally, a comparison of the original video and the final output video is made by analyzing the experience of volunteers.


Archeology is a science that tries to interpret the thoughts and behaviours of the society living in the past by documenting, researching, and analysing the physical residuals left behind by human behaviour. By doing this, it is benefitting from many branches of science. One of the branches of science that archeology benefits from is "ichnology", which is derived from the Greek words "ἴχνος (ikhnos)=track" and "λόγος (logos)=science", which studies fossil traces and residuals. From the joint work of ichnology and archeology, a new discipline, ichnoarcheolgy, has emerged. In this study, the animal footprints on the terracotta tiles found in the port settlement of Myra of Andriake were tried to be interpreted from an ichnoarcheological point of view. From the interpretation made, conclusions were reached regarding the formation processes of the traces, to whom and/or what they belong, and the environmental conditions of the production workshop. The results have revealed that the tile-producing workshop was located in a rural area close to the forest area and the workshop was visited by savage and wild animals.


This paper describes an analytical method for the computation of magnetic flux lines in three-dimensional (3-D) space from hexahedral edge finite element results and its visualization. Using the results obtained from the edge finite element analysis by hexahedral mesh and the magnetic flux line equation in 3-D space, the sequence of line segments that construct the magnetic flux line is computed as faithfully as possible. The features of the proposed method are short computation time and high accuracy, providing cheap and efficient computation. The procedure and three examples to present the usefulness of the proposed method are described.


Fluid shifts were followed in acutely splenectomized dogs by recording changes in hematocrit, plasma specific gravity, total cell volume (Cr51), and plasma volume (T-1824). The dogs were subjected ...


This is a descriptive research study aimed to investigate the relationship between health promoting behaviors, and some factors such as family function, health perception, and self efficacy of nursing college students and identify the factors affecting health promoting behaviors. Results showed that family function, health perception, and self efficacy were correlated with health promoting behaviors. Regression analysis showed that family function, health perception, and self efficacy seemed to explain 37.7% of health promoting behaviors. Thus, as family function, health perception, and self-efficacy are important factors that affect health promoting behaviors of nursing college students, it is necessary to develop a health education program considering family function, health perception, and self-efficacy to promote desirable health promoting behaviors. In the follow-up study, it is necessary to expand the study subjects and the results of such studies should be applied to the development of programs aimed at promoting the health of nursing college students, and further studies should be conducted to verify the effectiveness of those programs. ■ keyword :∣Nursing Students∣Family Function∣Health Perception∣Self-efficacy∣Health Promoting Behaviors∣ 접수일자 : 2017년 04월 27일 수정일자 : 2017년 05월 22일 심사완료일 : 2017년 06월 10일 교신저자 : 박동영, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '17 Vol. 17 No. 6 562


Today's system requirement is higher bandwidth for wireless communications. To meet the requirements new systems are being implemented. These systems are specified by multi carrier frequencies, high data transmission rate and mobility and are implemented with MIMO OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). Integration of STBC to MIMO OFDM over frequency selective channel is adopted to improve further performance which convert frequency selective channel to several flat fading channels thereby eliminating ISI. But the multicarrier technique STBC MIMO-OFDM has high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). To achieve better performance this PAPR has to be reduced. In this paper, the effect on PAPR by variation of different parameters like number of subcarriers, OFDM symbols has been presented. Simulation Results show that PAPR performance is improved with increase in number of transmitting antennas. But there is only small difference in PAPR reduction for different subcarriers and when OFDM symbols are varied, there is recognizable reduction in PAPR. Thus, different subcarriers have minimum influence on PAPR performance compared to OFDM symbol variation.


In this case report we describe a case of pulmonary histoplasmosis in a healthy adult female living in Kentucky. The patient presented with two months history of poly-arthralgia and myalgia, intermittent dry cough, chest tightness, exertional dyspnea, malaise, fatigue and one week history of skin rash. She did not respond to broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and she also had extensive endocrine and rheumatologic work up that was negative. A diagnosis of histoplasmosis was established based on radiological findings as well as endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration cytology (EBUS-TBNA) of mediastinal lymph nodes demonstrating necrotizing granuloma with fungal stains positive for Histoplasma. Patient showed significant clinical improvement on antifungal treatment. Since symptoms of histoplasmosis are often similar to the symptoms of community acquired pneumonia, other lung infections or malignancy, our case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion and appropriate radiological, microbiology, and histologic evaluation especially in patients who live in or have traveled to areas endemic for histoplasmosis and are not responding to antibiotic therapy. Early diagnosis coupled with prompt initiation of antifungal treatment may lead to favorable outcomes. DOI: 10.18297/jri/vol2/iss2/8 Received Date: July 2, 2018 Accepted Date: August 1, 2018 Website: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/jri Copyright: ©2018 the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Affiliations: 1St. Elizabeth Physicians, Infectious Disease, Crestview Hills, KY, USA *Correspondence To: Johnson Britto, MD, MPH Work Address: St. Elizabeth Physicians, Infectious Disease, Crestview Hills, KY, USA Work Email: email@example.com 45 ULJRI Vol 2, (2) 2018 REVIEW ARTICLE and oxygen saturation 98% on room air. On physical exam, she had a skin rash with description as noted above, otherwise she had no respiratory distress, no lymphadenopathy, no joint swelling or tenderness. Examination of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, abdomen, central nervous system was noted to be unremarkable. Initial diagnostic laboratory work up showed leucocyte count of 9,100 cells/mm3 (no eosinophilia), hemoglobin 14.3 g/dl, hematocrit 44.3% and platelet count 295,000/mm3. Serum electrolytes, renal function, liver function tests, and lipid screen were normal. Urinalysis was negative for protein or blood. Rapid Streptococcus group A antigen test and Influenza test for A & B antigens were negative. Chest X-ray (CXR) showed new linear opacity best seen on the lateral view in the region of the lingula with differential of fluid or fat within the major fissure versus small infiltrate in the lingula (Figure 2). High resolution chest computed tomographic (CT) scan was obtained revealing a linear density seen on the initial chest x-ray corresponding to a small amount of fat seen extending into the right major fissure, otherwise no residual infiltrate was noted. In the right lower lobe, posteriorly, there was a nonspecific sub-pleural nodule measuring about 8 mm in size. It was new since the prior chest computed tomographic (CT) scan obtained seven years ago. Remaining lungs were clear with no evidence of interstitial lung disease, ground-glass infiltrate, bronchiectasis, honeycombing or air trapping. Right para-tracheal node was present. No other mediastinal, hilar, or axillary nodes were seen. (Figure 3). PET/CT skull base to mid-thigh was obtained that showed minimal level of metabolic activity at the site of the right lung pulmonary nodule, and hypermetabolic sub-carinal and right para-tracheal lymph nodes (Figure 4). An infectious process, including possible fungal disease, or malignancy were suspected. 46 ULJRI Vol 2, (2) 2018 Fig. 1 Skin rash consisting of multiple scattered targetoid appearing erythematous papules of size 0.5-1.0 cm on bilateral lower extremities. Fig. 2 Initial Chest X-ray (CXR) PA and Lateral showing linear opacity best seen on the lateral view in the region of the lingula with differential of fluid or fat within the major fissure versus small infiltrate in the lingula. Fig. 3 Chest computed tomographic (CT) scan showing sub-pleural nodule measuring about 8 mm in size in the posterior aspect of right lower lobe. A referral to dermatology was made and a punch biopsy of the skin rash from her right dorsal thigh was performed. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H &E) stained section of the specimen showed histiocytes in the dermis arranged in rings, and distributed in discrete foci throughout the dermis. Granular and fibrillary mucinous material was present in the foci of a histiocytic aggregation. In addition, there was superficial and deep perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, with likely diagnosis of granuloma annulare. She was placed on five week course of a low dose oral prednisone taper with some improvement noted in her skin rash and joint symptoms. During the subsequent weeks, due to non-resolution and persisting nature of her symptoms, she had several follow up visits with her primary care physician. She received several rounds of different oral antibiotics without significant improvement in her symptoms. In an effort to establish a diagnosis, extensive laboratory work up including rheumatologic/autoimmune and endocrine work up was performed which included CPK, aldolase, lactic acid, complement fixation tests, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody screen (MPO & PR3), SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La, ENA antibodies, Sm/RNP, dsDNA, CCP antibody, anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody, monoclonal protein, thyroid function panel, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin antibody, parathyroid hormone (PTH intact), Insulin-Like Growth I (IGF1), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serum cortisol, serum ferritin, iron/UIBC/transferrin saturation, vitamin B1, B6, B12 and Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy) levels and ACE level. All of the above laboratory work up was unremarkable. C-reactive protein (CRP) was mildly elevated at 6.44 (<5.0 mg/L is considered normal), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was normal. Additional laboratory work up including human immunodeficiency virus serology, syphilis screen, acute hepatitis panel, urine Histoplasma antigen, serum (1→3)-β-Dglucan, serum fungal serology by immunodiffusion, fungal blood cultures, serum interferon gamma release assay, were also negative. A bronchoscopy was performed and it did not reveal any endobronchial lesions. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) scope was introduced and a systematic survey of the mediastinal lymph nodes was conducted. This revealed enlarged lymph nodes in stations 7 and 11R. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) of mediastinal lymph nodes was performed. The adequacy of the specimens was confirmed with rapid onsite pathology. Following this, endobronchial specimens, endobronchial brushing and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were obtained from right lower lobe, right and left upper lobes. Biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes, bronchial brushing & BAL cytology were negative for malignancy. Stains for acidfast bacilli were negative. Stained section of mediastinal lymph node showed numerous lymphocytes, histiocytes, many multinucleated giant cells, forming necrotizing granuloma. Grocott's Methenamine Silver (GMS) stain also revealed the presence of small uniform black yeast forms of approximately 2 to 4 μm in size (Figure 5). Some of these yeast forms showed narrow-based budding, overall morphology was consistent with Histoplasma. Gram's stain of BAL and biopsy specimens showed rare while blood cells, no organisms. Aerobic, anaerobic, acid fast bacilli and fungal cultures were negative. BAL viral respiratory panel was negative. The patient was started on oral itraconazole for twelve weeks. She tolerated the treatment well and successfully completed her 12-week course of itraconazole for histoplasmosis with significant improvement in her symptoms. 47 ULJRI Vol 2, (2) 2018 Fig. 4 PET/CT skull base to mid-thigh showing hypermetabolic subcarinal and right para-tracheal lymph nodes. Fig. 5 Photomicrograph: Grocott's Methenamine Silver (GMS) stained section of mediastinal lymph node showing necrotizing granuloma containing small uniform black yeast forms of approximately 2 to 4 μm size with narrow based budding consistent with Histoplasma (GMS stain, 60X).


Scholars and practitioners often assume that the public sector mirrors the private sector and that it is possible to merely port strategies between domains. However, we highlight the substantial differences between the domains and explore how IT-enabled innovation shapes and is shaped within state government. Analyzing state-level IT governance data using crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, we uncover that low state attainment is a catalyst for IT-enabled innovation. We uncover and differentiate several types of innovations and also find that successful innovation requires the collaboration of the legislature, governor and CIO.


Finite element method is adopted to analyze the force situation of TGN30A type SIV in impact.Meanwhile,it researches the effect of structure dynamic characteristic to the stress curve in the process of impact.For the purpose of making the simulation analysis close to the reality and improving the accuracy of analysis,dynamics analysis method is used to simulate the change of stress values in shock test.


Physicians write for many different reasons. While the impetus for writing is frequently utilitarian, it is also sometimes selfish. Not surprisingly, doctors write to educate, inform, and entertain but, along the way, may discover new meaning to their own lives. Writing offers physicians a mechanism whereby the responsibility and emotional burden of caring for thousands of patients can be reduced and resynthesized into a product of healing for the selfsame doctor. The average practice of medicine provides inspiration and material enough for countless tales of tragedy, love, heroism, and even miracles. Although such high drama is often limited to rough drafts known as histories and physicals, consultations, and office notes, once in a while, talented physician-authors can turn an examination of the throat into a raging battle of life and death or transform a drunken brute into a maharajah.Soundings FromBMJColumnists, however, suggests perhaps the most common reason


From the exploration for the connotation of the urban landscapes,the paper researches the ideas and methods for the promotion planning for the urban landscapes based on the factual demands for the urban landscapes promotion,and analyzes the establishment of the easily-operated planning framework for the urban landscape with clear aims,outstanding points about the implementation and significance for the planning.


As advanced composite structures become larger and more complex, there is a corresponding need to improve methods of joining and assembly. Current methods of joining composite materials for aerospace applications, that is, adhesive bonding and mechanical fastening, present some design and manufacturing limitations. The mechanical fastening method cannot be effectively applied to composite structures because of stress concentration, the effects of drilling on the structural integrity, and localized delamination. Poor bonding properties between adhesives and polymers make the adhesive bonding methods less desirable for most structural applications. The fact that thermoplastic materials can be remelted provides the opportunity of welding (or fusion bonding) of thermoplastic composite parts as an alternative to joining and assembly. Fusion bonding, in principle, consists of surface preparation, heating the polymer at the weld interface to a viscous state, physically causing polymer chains to interdiffuse across the interface, and cooling the polymer for consolidation. The polymer chains are intertwined across the interface during the welding process, resulting in disappearance of the bonded surface and improving the ability of transferring loads through the welded area. The quality of the welded parts is usually compared to that of autoclave consolidated or compression molded parts.

Keywords:

joining;
fusion bonding;
thermoplastic composites;
thermal welding;
friction welding;
electromagnetic welding


In order to improve the clustering accuracy of big data alliance users, this paper studies users' dynamic clustering based on their multi-dimensional attributes. First of all, the user profile of big data alliance is constructed from five dimensions of user basic attribute, domain attribute, preference attribute, social attribute and value attribute. And the K-means algorithm is used to cluster user profiles to complete the initial clustering. Then, based on the group user profile, combined with the user's recent dynamic behavior data, the FCM algorithm is used to achieve secondary clustering. Finally, the proposed user clustering method is tested by recommending data resources to the clustered user groups. The experimental results show that the user clustering method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and lower error rate.


Five natural dyes were extracted from roselle, myosotis, madder, matcha and purple potato with ethanol.UV-vis absorption spectra of these natural dyes were tested. Ti O2 films were prepared using hydrothermal method.Five natural dyes were used as sensitizers to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). The photoelectric performances of these DSSCs were tested. The result shows Roselle has the best photoelectric performance.Infrared spectroscopy of roselle was tested and the influence of functional group on performance was analyzed.


In this paper, we provide the notions of connection $1$-forms and curvature $2$-forms on graphs. We prove a Weitzenb\"ock formula for connection Laplacians in this setting. We also define a discrete Yang-Mills functional and study its Euler-Lagrange equations.


A detailed account is given of an absorption method, using the β-radiation of radium E as a standard of comparison, by which the maximum energy and some indication of the form of the energy spectrum of the β-particles from any other radioelement may be obtained. The method is applicable alike to weak sources and to sources of finite thickness and is designed to yield the largest amount of information under such limitations. Experimental results with sources of UX2, Na24, Ag106 and P32 are treated by the method described. A modified empirical range-energy relation is given.


Contribution from the National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, and Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Chemical Analysis Center, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, U.S.A.


Explores the possible root causes of failure in systems engineering and suggests a model of the development process that takes full account of these. The model is intended to be a first step, in the form of a theoretical framework, towards achieving better quality in systems engineering. >


National libraries are responsible for acquiring and conserving copies of all significant publications and digital information published or produced in the country. To accomplish this, the library director should perform these duties based on professionalism in the library and information system. Nevertheless, the former directors of the National Library of Korea did not have professional knowledge nor management careers in the library and information system field. This paper suggests various ways to strengthen and ensure the professionalism of the national library director in terms of an open position system, executive agency system, political appointees, and special incorporation.


A computer-implemented method for automatically generating learning exercises, including determining a target learning item in response to an event, obtaining a knowledge level of a learner in relation to the target learning item based on a model of the learner as produced by an automated learner model, associating a level of difficulty with the obtained knowledge level of the learner, retrieving a learning exercise pattern from an exercise pattern database, automatically generating a learning exercise relating to the retrieved learning exercise pattern based on the model of the learner and the associated level of difficulty; and presenting the learning exercise to the learner via an exercise interface.


According to the present invention, a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) device for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection comprises: a p-type semiconductor substrate; a p-type epitaxial layer arranged on the semiconductor substrate; device separation films which are arranged on the epitaxial layer, and divide the epitaxial layer into an anode region and a cathode region; an n-type first well arranged at a prescribed depth in the epitaxial layer of the anode region; a high-concentration p-type first impurity region arranged on a surface of the first well and connected to an anode terminal; a high-concentration n-type second impurity region arranged on the surface of the first well to enclose both sides of the first impurity region; a p-type second well arranged at a prescribed depth in the epitaxial layer of the cathode region; a high-concentration n-type third impurity region arranged on a surface of the second well and connected to a cathode terminal; a high-concentration p-type fourth impurity region arranged on the surface of the second well, separated from the third impurity region, and connected to the cathode; and a high-concentration p-type fifth impurity region arranged on the surface of the second well to enclose a side adjacent to the anode region in the third impurity region. Therefore, the SCR device for ESD protection can have a trigger voltage lower than a second trigger voltage.


Sunlight simulator for development of education and research in
photovoltaic systems has been made of iron plate with a size (90 x 60 x 100) cm
3
are connecting it with an electronic circuit and test materials in the form of silicon
photovoltaic modules mono crystal with size (35.5 x 25) cm2, and equipped with
light sources of halogen lamps with specifications of 1000 W/220 V.
In the field of education, the simulator has demonstrated a model of solar
power plants, the concept of energy, energy conversion, temperature and heat, and
electricity clearly, so that future simulator can be used as a medium of learning in
high school and college level. While in the field of research, has been carried out
measurements of silicon photovoltaic monokristal characteristic parameters in a
state without irradiated and irradiated. In a state without irradiated, obtained
parameters that RSH and Rs 16,667 respectively valued � and 32.26 �. This
parameter is largely determined by the quality of photovoltaic material. While in a
state of halogen lamps illuminated perpendicularly with irradisi 993 W/m2,
obtained parameters Isc and Voc-value 0.41 A and 18.92 V, the point of
maximum power of 5.92 W, IMPP and VMPP respectively for 0, 39 A and 15.18
V. Based on these parameter values, the resulting value and efficiency of PV
fiiling factor of 0.76 and 6.72. Of the three different measurements with
irradiation, the resulting average value fiiling factor and efficiency silicon
photovoltaic modules monokristal of 0.70 and 7.88%.
Photovoltaic efficiency of this size are not good for monokristal silicon
material. This shows the photovoltaic characteristics simulator gauges produced
has not been good measurement accuracy caused by the temperature in the
simulator exceeds the STC, but the future simulators can still be used for practical
activities and student research related to the development of photovoltaic devices
by taking into account the correction factor, ie by 1 , 6.


This study particularly focused on the human papillomavirus (HPV) that causes cervical cancer. The objective was to study the profile and genotypic prevalence of HPV among HIV infected and HIV uninfected women.
Method: The study was conducted in Ouagadougou, from February 2009 to January 2013 and involved 421 women: 183 HIV positive women (HIV+) and 238 HIV-negative women (HIV-). PCR/hybridization and real-time PCR were performed for the detection of high and low-risk HPV genotypes.
Results: The two populations of women differed in socio-economic, behavioral and sexual characteristics. HPV prevalence was 24.8% and 63.9%, respectively, among HIV- and HIV+ women. Except for HPV16, HPV52, HPV58 and HPV6, which were higher in HIV- women compared to HIV+ women, it's the opposite effect that was found for the other genotypes. We found many more cases of co-infection with three or more genotypes in HIV- women compared to HIV+ women. Contraceptive use and low CD4 count were associated with HPV infection in HIV+ women (p < 0.05). Parameters such as age group, marital status, occupation, level of education, history of gynecological infection, and condom use differed according to HIV status (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Through this study, we found that HPV are highly prevalent among HIV positive women in Burkina Faso. However, given the high prevalence of other HPV types than 16 and 18, in our study, another type of vaccine should be considered to cover them. In the meantime, the results of this study could be a springboard for the introduction of vaccines against HPV already existing in Burkina Faso.


In this work the sorption of the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA+Br-) on a natural zeolite clinoptilolite was studied. Clarification of artificial wastewater (AWW) by the surfactant-modified zeolite samples was examined too. Artificial wastewater was prepared with ink-jet dye with addition of organic solvent. The results indicated that the examined surfactant can be significantly sorbed by zeolite. Zeta-potential measurements showed that the surfactant uptake resulted in a reversal of the charge on the zeolite from negative to positive. This is acchieved when surfactant loading on zeolite is approximately equal 0, 145 mmol/g and in this point the zeolite charge is about zero. Untreated zeolite showed little affinity for wastewater clarification. For the wastewater clarification the most efficient are zeolite samples in which surfactant loading was from 0, 022 to 0, 125 mmol/g. With 0, 5 % (w/w) of these surfactant-modified zeolite samples, from the solution with dye concentration of 20 mg/l efficency of clarification is more than 95%.


In handling crises in hospitals caused by natural disasters like earthquake, systemati cpractical measures of crisis management are needed, which include: early contact with top managements for support in counter disaster supplies, immediate organization of temporary first aid stations by hospital staff, logistic support by full time personnel to solve problems such as drugs and medical equipments as well as food and drinking water, and psychological consultation to patients and staff members.

Key words:
Medical care in hospitals;  Response management;  Earthquake


Lossless data compression has been studied for many NASA missions to achieve the benefit of increased science return; reduced onboard memory requirement, station contact time and communication bandwidth. This paper first addresses the requirement for onboard applications and provides a rationale for the selection of the Rice algorithm among other available techniques. A top-level description of the Rice algorithm will be given, along with some new capabilities already implemented in both software and hardware VLSI forms. The status of the technology will be presented with its performance in several applications including remote sensing, medical imaging and seismology.


The DIII-D tokamak has 4 neutral beams (NB) for plasma heating, rotation control and current drive. These NBs are all horizontal injection at 19° offset from radial. Three NBs inject in the co-current direction and one NB injects in the counter current direction. The physics program requires two of the co-current NBs to be converted to allow injection at angles between 0° and 16.5° from horizontal by 2013 in order to investigate enhanced off-axis current drive. Each NB will be fully disassembled and it is planned during this task to upgrade thermal performance of internal components to allow for increased pulse length. The positioning system will incorporate 3 hydraulic cylinders to elevate the front and rear of the 35 ton NB. Hydraulic cylinder displacements will be supplied by hydraulic spool valves controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC). The paper will present the following information for this mechanical positioning system: • Design requirements • Linkage arrangement • Loads evaluation including vacuum and seismic loads • Hydraulic circuit including instrumentation


The investigation of tire-road friction and its improvement particularly on wet roads requires testing methods and equipment designed to record individually the characteristics of the road on the one hand and of the tire on the other. Additional methods are needed to measure and evaluate the interaction of the tree partners: road, tire, and motor vehicle. Aim and purpose of the planned investigation determine the choice of measuring equipment and methods. Road construction concerns need characteristic values for evaluating the skid resistance of road surfaces when new and its changes through use, brought about by traffic, wear and weather. The automobile industry is more interested in the effect of tire-road friction on the directional control properties of the vehicle and therefore prefers road tests with vehicles where car handling can be examined. Tests conducted by tire engineers seek to establish the extent of tire-road friction as well as the interaction of tire and vehicle on a given road surface. A number of basic investigations are conducted on drum test machines. As a result, different measuring methods are used in road construction, and in the automobile and tire industries, because of the different purposes that the measurements are to serve. The paper will describe the principles fundamental to the measuring methods and techniques used in Europe, discussing their possibilities and limitations, and pointing cut the requirements that have proved indispensable to ensure the reproducibility and comparability of the results of the measurements. /Author/


Amyloidosis, a serious and widespread disease with a genetic background, manifests itself through the formation of dangerous fibrils in various organs. Apart from the polluted environment and an unhealthy lifestyle, genetic factors may accelerate this process leading in some cases to lethal damages to the body. Recently, a growing interest in amyloidogenic protein research has been observed. Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein that transports thyroid hormone thyroxine and retinol binding protein in plasma and the cerebral fluid. Sometimes TTR breaks apart and forms fibrils. Several single point mutations, having destabilizing impact on the TTR complex, are involved in the amyloidogenic TTR cascade. Problems with the TTR tetramer stability and conformational space characteristics of the protein have not been addressed computationally before. We present selected results of our molecular dynamics (MD, ∼ 2000ns) and steered MD simulations (SMD) of three variants of TTR: Wild Type (WT), V30M and L55P. SMD has been used to enforce the dissociation of TTR. Conformational spaces of WT TTR and its amyloidogenic variants have been investigated using a novel "One Place One Conformation" (OPOC) algorithm based on a graph technique called Petri net (PN) formalism. While the PN approach alone does not permit a direct identification of protein regions with reduced stability, it gives quite a useful tool for an effective comparison of complex protein energy landscapes explored during classical and/or SMD steered molecular dynamics simulations.


The computation of the answer sets in Answer Set Programming (ASP) ASP systems is performed on simple ground (i.e., variable free) programs, first computed by a pre-processing phase, called instantiation. This phase may be computationally expensive, and in fact it has been recognized to be a key issue for solving real-world problems by using Answer Set Programming. Given a program P , a good instantiation for P is a ground program P ′ having precisely the same answer sets as P and such that: (i) P ′ can be computed efficiently from P , and (ii) P ′ does not contain "useless" rules, (P ′ is as small as possible) and can be thus evaluated efficiently. In this paper, we present a structure-based backjumping algorithm for the instantiation of logic programs, that meets the above requirements. In particular, given a rule r to be grounded, our algorithm exploits both the semantical and the structural information about r for computing efficiently the ground instances of r, avoiding the generation of "useless" rules. That is, from each general rule r, we are able to compute only a relevant subset of all its possible ground instances. We have implemented this algorithm in the ASP system DLV, and we have carried out an experimentation activity on a collection of benchmark problems. The results are very positive, as the new technique improves sensibly the efficiency of the DLV system on many kind of programs.


The effect of positioning prematurely born infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was investigated by critically appraising 31 studies conducted from 1975-1993. The studies were divided in two groups. The direct positioning group consisted of studies in which the effects of prone lying, sidelying, supine lying, hemitra and head up tilting were examined. The indirect positioning group included studies in which the effects of equipment such as waterbeds, water pillows, rocking beds and air mattresses were assessed. The studies were evaluated using Sackett's theoretical framework. Sackett's five levels of evidence and three grades of recommendation weight the evidence with regard to the methodological design of the study. The review indicates that the evidence is stronger for the use of indirect positioning than for direct positioning as a treatment strategy for infants born prematurely in the NICU. Physical therapists and occupational therapists are able critically to support or refute their tre...


The RISING fast beam campaign aims at high resolution γ-ray spectroscopy experiments with relativistic radioactive beams at GSI. The secondary beams produced by fragmentation or fission are used for Coulomb excitation or secondary fragmentation experiments to perform studies of nuclei far off stability. The physics phenomena studied with this method include nuclear structure experiments targeting at the evolution of shell structure toward the drip lines, mirror symmetry, collectivity and electromagnetic transition strengths. Example results of this fast beam campaign are presented and compared to various shell model calculations and nuclear structure models.


UNLABELLED
To investigate the relationship between Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection and semen quality.

METHODS
From 2001 to 2003, 346 eligible patients aged 20-45 years were invited from two hospitals in Shanghai, China, to participate in an investigation which included questionnaires about general and reproductive health, an external genital tract examination, UU culture and semen analysis. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine whether UU had a significant effect on semen quality after adjustment for confounding factors.

RESULTS
Findings suggested that UU infection was associated with higher semen viscosity and lower semen pH value. Sperm concentration was lower in UU positive subjects than that in UU negative subjects (54.04 X 10(6)/mL vs.70.58 X 10(6)/mL). However, UU did not significantly affect other semen quality indexes.

CONCLUSION
UU infection of the male genital tract could negatively influence semen quality.


and correlation of biomarkers with lung function and histology in lung fibrosis. date, phenotyping and disease course prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) primarily relies on lung function measures. Blood biomarkers were recently proposed for diagnostic and outcome prediction in IPF, yet their correlation with lung function and histology remains unclear. Here, we comprehensively assessed biomarkers in liquid biopsies and correlated their abundance with lung function and histology during the onset, progression, and resolution of lung fibrosis, with the aim to more precisely evaluate disease progression in the preclinical model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Importantly, the strongest correlation of lung function with histological extent of fibrosis was observed at day 14 , whereas lung function was unchanged at days 28 and 56 , even when histological assessment showed marked fibrotic lesions. Although matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), MMP-9, and PAI-1 were significantly elevated in broncheoalveolar lavage of fibrotic mice, only soluble ICAM-1 (sI-CAM-1) was elevated in the peripheral blood of fibrotic mice and was strongly correlated with the extent of fibrosis. Importantly, tissue-bound ICAM-1 was also elevated in lung homogenates, with promi-nent staining in hyperplastic type II alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells. In summary, we show that lung function decline is not a prerequisite for histologically evident fibrosis, particularly during the onset or resolution thereof. Plasma levels of sICAM-1 strongly correlate with the extent of lung fibrosis, and may thus be considered for the assessment of intraindividual therapeutic studies in preclinical studies of pulmonary fibrosis. Reidy's categorization (9). Here, r values of (cid:4) 1, (cid:4) 0.7 to (cid:4) 0.99, (cid:4) 0.4 to (cid:4) 0.69, (cid:4) 0.1 to (cid:4) 0.39, and 0 were interpreted as perfect, strong, moderate, weak, or no correlation, respectively. The statistical significance of the correlations was assessed by P value. A linear regression analysis between two variables was performed and the best fit curve drawn from data points.


This work presents an evaluation of the influence of channel length on the performance of graded-channel (GC) SOI nMOSFETs operating as source-follower buffers. Experimental data is used to compare the buffer gain and linearity of GC and standard SOI nMOS transistors for different mask channel lengths and similar effective channel length. Two-dimensional numerical simulations were also performed, showing that the gain of buffers implemented with GC devices remains close to the theoretical limit even when short-channel devices are used. The simulated results indicate that the length of a source-follower buffer using GC devices can be reduced by a factor of 5, in comparison with the standard counterpart, without gain degradation or linearity worsening.


the reception of (respectively) Western mathematics and medicine in China. Such a collection cannot reasonably be expected to produce any overall conclusion—the final ' round table ' is one of the least satisfactory parts of the book—but there is much material here that is well worth the careful work the editors have clearly put into producing this volume. It provides a useful point of entry into an important problem area.


Graphite oxide(GO)intercalating composites are novel nano-composite materials.This paper in- troduces the structure,preparation methods and properties of the graphite oxide at first,and then it focuses on the re- search progress in the preparation of the polymers/GO intercalating nano composites and inorganic materials/GO in- tercalating nano composites,especially focusing on the semiconductor oxide/GO nano composites.


Abstract : Mine clearance teams have always tried to adapt available armor clothing to their operations with varying degrees of success. The report is concerned with the history of the development of a full body coverage armor for mine clearance personnel to satisfy military requirements. Discussions are concerned with the hazards of mine clearance vulnerable body areas, operational concepts, design, protective characteristics and fabrication of the ensemble, and its evaluation. A summary of recent armor material developments and typical applications is included. These materials may be applied to any future concepts for full body armor.


This paper mainly studies the pyrolysis of micron-sized wood chips, and analyzes the effects of different conditions on the pyrolysis result. The results show that the pyrolysis process of wood chips is mainly divided into three stages: drying stage ( 388.7°C). For micron-sized materials, the change of particle size has little effect on the pyrolysis rate and activation energy. The humidity of the pyrolysis materials has no obvious rule for the effect on the pyrolysis result, but the accuracy of measurement can be improved by reducing the water content of pyrolysis materials, and pyrolysis materials with higher humidity have lower activation energy. The higher heating rate reduces the weight loss rate, but the overall pyrolysis rate will increase. The pyrolysis with a heating rate of 45K/min can reach a peak pyrolysis rate of 25.41%/min at 372°C. The activation energy shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The higher the final pyrolysis temperature is, the higher the peak value of pyrolysis rate will be. In this experiment, the maximum pyrolysis rate corresponding to the final pyrolysis temperature of 800°C is 22.79%/min. The increase of the final pyrolysis temperature improves the integrity of the pyrolysis process, and it is also conducive to the pyrolysis reaction because of the reduction of activation energy. The influence of different pyrolysis atmosphere on the overall trend of pyrolysis mainly occurs after rapid degradation.


The invention relates to a production method of a seasoning bamboo shoot and belongs to the field of the food processing technology. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1), precooking; (2), natural fermentation treatment; (3), sterilization process; (4), blanching; (5), squeezing; and (6) preparation. The production method of the seasoning bamboo shoot has the advantages of reasonable design and suitability for realization of industrialization production of the seasoning bamboo shoot. According to the method provided by the invention, by virtue of reasonable parameter and step design, shredded bamboo shoots are processed before seasoning, so that the freshness and taste frangibility of the bamboo shoots are ensured, and the processed shredded bamboo shoots have original flavor; when seasoning is carried out, by virtue of a reasonable formula, the freshness and frangibility of the shredded bamboo shoot are ensured, so that the shredded bamboo shoots with unexpected delicious flavor can be obtained. The obtained seasoning bamboo shoot in the invention is not added with any preservative and has a quality guarantee period of 1.5-2 years by virtue of reasonable processing steps.


Hemodialysis patients show an approximately threefold higher prevalence of cognitive impairment compared to the age‐matched general population. Impaired microcirculatory function is one of the assumed causes. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis is a quantitative method for measuring neurovascular coupling and microvascular endothelial function. We hypothesize that cognitive impairment is associated with altered microcirculation of retinal vessels.


The relevance of the article lies in the analysis and development of proposals for optimizing the costs of an organization in a pandemic. In the context of the 2020 pandemic many businesses have suffered and action needs to be taken to continue operating. This problem can be solved in several ways, namely by increasing sales and reducing costs.


The utility model discloses a box taking mechanism for a production line of a box packing machine, which is arranged between a paper box warehouse and a paper box conveying chain and is characterized in that the box taking mechanism comprises a turnplate device and an auxiliary box suction device, wherein the turnplate device comprises a turnplate and suction nozzles; a planet transmission mechanism is arranged in the turnplate; two symmetrical sets of suction nozzles are arranged on the front surface of the turnplate; the two sets of suction nozzles are respectively connected onto two planet wheels of the planet transmission mechanism; and when the turnplate rotates for a circle, the two planet wheels connected with the suction nozzles respectively rotate for a circle. The box taking mechanism for the production line of the box packing machine is capable of increasing the box taking speed of the box packing machine, improving the box packing efficiency and also improving the box opening yield of a paper box.


Leadframe some of a conductive material with a central portion (14) for receiving a chip, a plurality of terminal fingers (12) extending from at least one side in the direction of the central region (14), adjacent to the central region (14) on at least a contact region (34) is provided, the terminal fingers (12), wherein at least some of the lead fingers (12) comprise material reinforcements (24), so that the material reinforcements at least one of the cut surfaces (36) at an imaginary cross-section perpendicular to the main surface of the lead frame (10) traverse, so that the sectional area lead frame material, said alternating finger terminals (12) are arranged with material reinforcements (24) and lead fingers (12) without material reinforcements.


The evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxic properties of two pyrazole compounds: 1-(4-nitrophényl)-3,5-diméthylpyrazole (1) and 1,1′-di(4-nitrophényl)-5,5′-diisopropyl-3,3′-bipyrazole (2) was investigated against Hep cell line (Human laryngeal carcinoma). These two compounds showed an important cytotoxic activity on the Hep cell line, with IC50: 8.25 µg mL−1 for the compound 1; IC50: 10.20 µg mL−1 for the compound 2 while the IC50 for adriamycine used as positive control was 3.62 µg mL−1.


The article deals with issues related to the study of the connection forms of moisture removed during the drying process of thermolabile heterogeneous products. The difficulties, emerging while developing drying process controlling methods, optimizing energy, material costs, and temperature regimes, necessitate further research. It is shown that the existing methods of studying the forms of moisture connection with the material have significant drawbacks and generally give a qualitative assessment of the state of moisture in the material or are very time-consuming and require long-term laboratory studies. An approach to determining the forms of moisture bond in the material based on graph-analytical analysis of the drying kinetics is proposed, which allows qualitative and quantitative assessment of the state of moisture in the product. With the help of a graphical editor, typical drying kinetics curves were processed and the dependences of the value that characterizes the speed of change in the drying rate on the moisture content of the product were obtained. It is proposed to introduce a new value in the drying theory - drying acceleration. The analysis of the obtained curves testifies to the presence of extremes and inflection points corresponding to the critical moisture content, as well as the presence of areas with slowing or accelerating changes in the drying rate, allowing setting intervals for removing moisture with different binding energy. The approach considered in the article to determining the forms of moisture communication in the material will not only give a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the state of moisture in products, but also reduce the time for analysis and improve the accuracy of the results.


This paper raises the question of whether the secondary user can attain a nonzero achievable rate without causing capacity loss at the primary user, even when it is utilizing the channel in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). It is assumed that secondary nodes are aware of the channel state information (CSI) of primary nodes and of how the primary nodes operate, whereas the primary nodes operate with no prior knowledge about the secondary nodes. We first propose a full-duplex relaying protocol for the cognitive radio (CR) network with a single relay node shared by both the primary and the secondary networks. In this case, the shared relay is assumed to have full CSI of the primary nodes and to know how the primary and secondary nodes operate. The proposed relaying protocol enables the secondary network to achieve nonzero rates without causing capacity loss at the primary network in a certain channel condition. Then, we also propose three half-duplex relaying protocols for the CR network with two relays, each of which is dedicated to the primary or the secondary network, respectively. It is shown that appropriate combinations of the proposed three half-duplex relaying protocols make it always possible for the secondary network to achieve nonzero rates without causing capacity loss at the primary network. Achievable rates of the proposed full- and half-duplex relaying protocols are evaluated through extensive computer simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed relaying protocols provide nonzero achievable rates of the secondary network over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).


It is common wisdom that selecting a suitable presiding arbitrator is vital to securing efficient proceedings and a high-quality award. As a corollary of party autonomy, the parties' right to choose their arbitrators is subject only to few limitations, yet relatively little guidance exists for parties attempting to jointly choose the arbitral president in a structured and efficient way. This article seeks to expand on the limited guidance available. It begins by briefly examining the underlying legal framework and setting out various objectives that can serve as a yardstick in fashioning a procedure for selecting presiding arbitrators. This general analysis is followed by a proposal of a concrete, standard 'list' procedure which is easily adaptable to different arbitration settings and case configurations.