ABSTRACT This paper investigates the influence of entrepreneurs' characteristics on innovation in regions with different levels of development. By doing so, this work seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the role of entrepreneurs in the functioning and performance of regional innovation systems. The influence of entrepreneurs' personal characteristics and their perceptions of the business environment on firm innovation are investigated via a survey of companies carried out in six Spanish regions. The results allow the identifying of significant differences in the main determinants of innovation in the high-income regions and low-income regions studied. Entrepreneurs' generalized trust stimulates innovation only in high-income regions, where necessity motivation has also a negative effect on innovation. Growth ambition seems to play a highly positive role only in the case of low-income regions. Human capital and infrastructure are perceived by the entrepreneurs as the main bottlenecks for innovation in low-income regions, whereas in the case of high-income regions the legal, fiscal and financial systems are considered the key institutional barriers. These differences in the entrepreneurial factor should be taken into account in order to design and implement policies to stimulate and foster innovation in different regional contexts.


One of the current trends in molecular material science concerns the preparation and the study of materials combining several physical properties in a synergistic way. Organic/inorganic hybrids, in which organicor organometallicmoieties having a special physicochemical property are incorporated into a transition-metal cluster, may exhibit certain coupling phenomena between the d-electrons of inorganic transition-metal networks and the mobile πelectrons of the organic conjugated networks. Such coupling effects should provide us with rich opportunities to design and study molecular systems exhibiting special material characteristics, such as superconductivity, magnetism, electrical conductivity, optical properties, electrochromism, and catalytic activity. On the other hand, there is a considerable interest in the chemistry of multi-metallocenyl assemblies, particularly multi-ferrocenyl assemblies. Such compounds can be viewed as excellent candidates for multielectron reservoir systems, electron-transfer mediators, redox active materials for the modification of electrodes, ion sensors and/or materials for electronic devices. In this respect, if one hybridizes the multi-ferrocenyl moieties onto a transitionmetal cluster, the electrical and magnetic properties of both components will be probably combined in a synergistic way, leading to new properties applicable to the material science. However, the chemistry of the transition-metal clusters into which organic and/or organometallic moieties are incorporated, would be difficult to achieve a true advance mainly due to the poorly settled synthetic methods for such molecular assemblies. It is nearly impossible to prepare inorganic clusters having special functionalities in a bondby-bond fashion. One of the most plausible strategies for constructing such systems with their unique architecture will involve one-pot spontaneous self-assembly of components with required functionalities already in place. Such a strategy has been popularly utilized in organic chemistry and supramolecular inorganic chemistry. As an example of the related synthetic efforts, [Ni6(μ3Se)2(μ4-Se)3(dppf)3]Br2·3/2CHCl3 (1) was obtained by the self-assembly reaction of Ni(dppf)Br2 with Li2Se in the presence of Li[PhNC(O)Me] in THF. The first example of the [Ni6(μ3-Se)2(μ4-Se)3] cluster was prepared by the reaction of (NBu3)[NiCl3(PPh3)] with Se(SiMe3)2 and the similar reaction of [NiCl2(PPh3)2] with Se(SiMe3)2 produced [Ni12Se11Cl][NiCl3(PPh3)]2. 13 The structure of the cluster 1 is shown in Figure 1. The production of 1 from the present reaction is ascribed to the directional-bonding influence of the dppf ligand. During the course of the reaction, the fixed distance between the two phosphine atom of the ferrocene bridge may force the selective construction of the present prismatic structure. The existence of Li[PhNC(O)Me] was essential for an effective reaction. Without this anion it takes more than 14 days for the production of 1 to be detected by TLC. It is known that the addition of the [PhNC(O)Me]− ion suppresses the formation of an intractable polymer by complexing to the metal center and the more reactive anion temporarily displaces the less reactive bromide of the nickel before the attack of selenide, leading to the easy production of the cluster. 1 is soluble in THF and CHCl3, moderately soluble in hexane and sparingly soluble in polar solvents. It appears to be stable on exposure to moisture and air. X-ray


We present high pressure–high temperature diffraction data in the 0–10 GPa and 300–1000 K range of all three main iron phases. The refinements of the diffraction patterns give molar volumes to high precision and show that the α−γ−e triple point is located at 8.2±0.1 GPa and 678 K. These values are significantly lower than currently admitted (10.4 GPa/740 K), but are consistent with reported in situ x-ray diffraction data obtained in multianvil presses. These measurements have been made possible by the use of a high P/T cell which uses metallic toroidal gaskets and which suffers from less absorption, gives clean diffraction patterns, and shows better pressure performance than other setups.


Results of fracture and cavernous reservoirs forecasting using scattered waves extracted from multichannel seismic data are presented. The forecast is based on an original prestack migration method – the Common Scattering Point (CSP) method, which enables constructing two independent seismic cubes: a conventional cube with reflectors and a new cube with diffractors – the image of space distribution of acoustic impedance inhomogeneities. The last are joined with fracture or cavernous zones – strong sources of scattered waves. The method was tested on synthetic data and in areas with oil deposits in carbonate and shale rocks.


The purpose of this study is to prevent the occurrence of falls by defining the symptoms of falls and detecting them in advance. The focus of the study is on the specific definition of "Falling Symptoms". In this regard, we conducted a questionnaire survey on people of different ages to obtain the state of themselves and their surroundings when they fell down. In addition, we used the elderly simulated experience kit to achieve the purpose of using young people to replace the elderly. Young people were asked to walk on different roads in different shoes with and without elderly simulated experience kit and photographed them with a high-speed camera to observe the changes of their muscles and joints. We also simulated the movement of center of gravity of the people with and without elderly simulated experience kit by a pressure distribution sensor mat.


For finding out the regulation of the impact of ground inversion to the atmospheric pollution in Urumqi City,the characteristics of parallelism between ground inversion and air pollution were analyzed by means of the monitoring data of air pollution and weather factors in Urumqi City from Jun.,2000 to Apr.,2006.The results showed that the emergence frequency of the ground inversion and the air pollution index take on similar temporal distribution characteristics in Urumqi City.The higher the heating period air pollution index API value,the bigger the proportion of inversion occurence with the ground inversion being prior.Under the condition of pollution source emission to be definite,the statistical relations between the concentration of atmospheric pollution and the low altitude inversion thickness,the inversion base height and the temperature-difference of inversion from top to bottom were apparent,while the relation between the concentration of the atmospheric pollution and the inversion intensity was insignificant.When the inversion base lowered,the average ceiling-height,the thickness,the temperature-difference of the inversion from top to bottom augmented and mean daily temperature,daily minimum temperature,daily maximum temperature declined,the pollution scale displayed an aggravating trend.Under the condition of the same pollution emission quantum,the polluting degree was depended on the base-height and thickness of the suspended inversion,and its persistence days.The results could provide scientific gist for the management and prediction of the atmospheric pollution.


The electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectrum in irradiated single crystals of succinic acid is shown with the magnetic field along the b axis. At 14.2 Mc the intense line obscuring the CH proton is due to depolarization.


To an increasing extent policy makers in government and business are making effective use of economists, who in turn, increasingly write and talk about their role, its extension, and its limits. In the fourth series of Brookings Lectures "for professional specialists and public officials" eight economists consider aspects of "the task of applying economic analysis to the problems of business and government." Four of the lecturers chiefly analyze and give policy advice on specific issues, three chiefly examine the role of economic analysis and the economist in the policy making process, and one divides his efforts more or less evenly between the two kinds of tasks. Five devote some attention to the persistent problem of achieving economic growth without sacrificing price stability, without, however, arriving at any uniform conclusion. All lectures but one relate to the United States; and only one relates to business policy. Only a few high points in the lectures can be touched on here. Everett E. Hagen in "Economics and Economic Development" illustrates and elaborates the view that economic theory, with its static assumptions and its focus on Western industrialism, has little relevance for underdeveloped countries, either in explaining why a country has or has not developed or in guiding policies for promoting economic development. Neil H. Jacoby attributes "The Problem of Creeping Inflation" to structural rigidities in the economy and proposes corrective policies in a half dozen sectors. The lecture on "Economics in Collective Bargaining," by Sumner H. Slichter develops the thesis that the wage-raising activities of trade unions generate incomes and thereby lead to fewer and milder recessions and a faster growth of physical production, although at the cost of a "slightly faster rise" in the price level. Robert V. Roosa describes the objectives and methods of "Monetary and Credit Policy" in promoting stability and growth in "our kind" of market economy, and shows why monetary theorists and practitioners have faith in such policy, not to the exclusion of but along with other appropriate policies. In "Taxation Policy," Louis Shere calls attention to limits on the economist's right to speak with authority on policy, and points out that although our economic tools are deficient, we are not making full use of those we have. He then passes under policy review virtually the whole range of tax issues.


On basis of reviewing the practice of widening the field of work and practice by Jiangxi meteorological department in recent years, the author presented the principles applied in widening the work field, and set the sight on how to further strengthen it in the future.


The paper explores the contradictions in judicial practice arising in the consideration of disputes between insurers and citizens — participants of share building. The objective of the paper is to identify the essence of the emerging disagreements between the subjects and determine their nature. The analysis takes into account changes in legislation affecting the field of share building. The author relies on the data of current jurisprudence. The author considers as the most common disagreements the applicability of consumer protection legislation to the relationships between the insurer and the beneficiary — the construction participant -- and the validity of payment of insurance compensation provided that the construction participant demands to transfer dwelling premises rather than monetary compensation. In both cases, the author has determined deficiencies in law. The former lacks the necessary legal rule, allowing courts to make decisions by applying different analogies of the law in resolving identical disputes. The second deficiency of the legal rule is not fully formulated, which makes the insurer's position uncertain when replacing the lender.


The tritium and deuterium content of 24 samples of atmospheric hydrogen collected at ground level near Buffalo. N.Y. (U.S.A.). Hamburg (Germany), and Nürnberg (Germany) during 1954 to 1956 was measured. At the beginning of 1954 the T/H-ratio was found to have been 9.18 · 10-14 i.e. about a factor of 10 higher than 1949 (FALTINGS and HARTECK) and 1951 (v. GROSSE et al.), probably due to the first explosion of a thermonuclear device in November 1952. In spite of a major test series of thermonuclear weapons in spring of 1954 (Operation CASTLE) no further increase in the tritium content was found during 1954 and 1955. It shows instead a seasonal variation with low tritium content in summer and about a threefold higher one in winter. Simultaneously, there is a good correlation between the tritium and deuterium concentrations. From 1956 on a noticeable increase in the tritium content due to more man-made HT produced or released by thermonuclear devices into the atmosphere was found, in agreement with measurements by GONSIOR. A possible explanation of the experimental results as well as a mode to test the validity of the model suggested is given. The deuterium concentrations of the samples analysed vary between about +7 percent and –17 percent, compared to Standard Lake Michigan Water with a ratio D/H = 0.0148 ± 0.0002 mol percent. Although from these results only a correlation factor between the tritium and deuterium content of "mean atmospheric hydrogen" and not their absolute values can be derived it is obvious that atmospheric hydrogen and the water vapour of the atmosphere are not in thermodynamic equilibrium, as has been pointed out before by HARTECK and SUESS.


This paper describes the development and testing of the General Motors Infant Safety Carrier for children weighing up to 20 pounds. The author comments upon the advantages of front-seat placement to allow the mother-driver to easily observe the child while driving.


The result of field experiments in 2008 showed that the propiconazol 25% EW was diluted 600 times,1000 times,2000 times to spraying,respectively.And the propiconazol 25% EC diluted 1000 times was used as control treatment and the control effect was calculated by investigating disease index.The result showed that when dilution was 600~2000 times,the propiconazol 25% EW provided 54.83%~77.16%protection,among them the control effect of 1000 times dilution was 61.94%~70.41%,this control levels approximately equal to the control efficacy provided by propiconazol 25% EC at the same consistency.


As development of the Constellation Space Suit Element progresses, designing the most effective and efficient life support systems is critical. The baseline schematic analysis for the Portable Life Support System (PLSS) indicates that the ventilation loop will need some method of heat exchange and humidification prior to entering the helmet. A trade study was initiated to identify the challenges associated with conditioning the spacesuit breathing gas stream for temperature and water vapor control, to survey technological literature and resources on heat exchanger and humidifiers to provide solutions to the problems of conditioning the spacesuit breathing gas stream, and to propose potential candidate technologies to perform the heat exchanger and humidifier functions. This paper summarizes the results of this trade study and also describes the conceptual designs that NASA developed to address these issues.


The standard free relative pronoun what is known to be a singular in number and a noun in grammatical category. In case of transparent free relatives, however, what can be treated as plural and realized as a non-nominal grammatical category. In an attempt to explain the two different types of free relatives in a unified theory based on the minimalist approach, this paper claims that what has underspecified features in number and grammatical category, and if those underspecified features can find their goals, they are valuated via a probe-goal relation; otherwise, they are assigned the default values[-plural, noun] as a last resort. This proposal is based on Chomsky"s (2008) claim that what can project its label in the landing site. Given that what can be the head in the dislocated position, it comes to be assigned two thematic roles and two Cases. We provide a principled account for this seemingly problematic consequence.


IT is hardly necessary for me to inform this audience that we live in a time of controversy about ecology, about the balance of the natural environment in which man lives. The subject has sprung into increasing prominence in the last decade or so, and now hardly a day passes without revelations of the danger threatened to our natural resources and our future life by toxic wastes, by ill-used pesticides, by all kinds of pollution of land, sea and air. This phenomenon is not entirely new; the industrial landscape of much of the north of England is an instance close to us at this moment, and much of it goes back to the older industrial revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. But in recent years the problem has become much more acute, because our technology can upset the balance of nature more profoundly than the older forms of waste or exploitation did. At the same time scientific knowledge makes us more aware of the danger. Politicians are becoming more conscious of the matter, and it is likely that the control of pollution and the protection of the environment will be a main centre of social and ethical discussion in the next decades. This present lecture, however, is not concerned primarily with the political, social and technical possibilities, though it may have some connection with them. What interests me specifically is the relation between the ecological controversy on the one hand and on the other the Jewish-Christian religious tradition, with its foundation in the Bible and particularly in the Old Testament. 2 It has been argued that religious currents of


Cultural expenses: production, consumption or private investments? In the current post-fordist age, characterized by new strategies on both sides of workers and firms, cultural expenses are increasing significantly. Beside production and consumption, the category of cultural investments appears: such
category includes all those human activities whose main objective is to build and develop social and professional identities. This is particularly evident if you consider either knowledge workers or boundaryless careers. As a consequence, people themselves decide on their career opportunities and company investments tend to coincide with those made by individuals.


This research analyzed the influence of monitoring and evaluation practices on project of Nyandungu Ecotourism Wetland Park project. Specifically, the study focused on the effect of community involvement, technical expertise, and management involvement on project performance of Nyandungu Ecotourism Wetland Park Renewable Energy Project. The study will be of significance to Government Projects, Researcher, Mount Kenya University, Nyandungu Ecotourism Wetland Park Renewable Energy to enhance project performance. The study used program and results based management theories. The study used descriptive research diagram in answering investigational questions. Target populace was 132 and pattern of 100 respondents of Nyandungu Ecotourism Wetland Park renewable energy project was sampled. The study further adopted probability sampling technique with the adoption of easy random sampling. A questionnaire was used to generate required statistics for analysis. Drop and pick out up later method was further used to accumulate facts. A Pre-test was carried out to decide reliable and valid research instruments. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0


The characteristic fingerprints of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra in well-debris and soil samples are described. Determination of well debris and near-surface soil show that the fingerprints not only indicate migration and accumulation of oil and gas, but also efficiently identify existence of oil and bas formation, and what is more, it can distinguish oil from gas. Therefore, the technology of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra fingerprints is a kind of effective means in the re-checking of oil wells and the geochemical exploration of oil and gas.


I read with great interest both the article by Humbert et al reporting the efficacy of a 5% vitamin C cream in the treatment of Bateman purpura1 and the commentary by Kaya et al2 about dermatoporosis. Several years ago, we reported the case of an 85 year-old woman who presented with extensive blistering purpura and spontaneous hematomas of the lower limbs in relation to dermatoporosis3 (Figure 1). The patient did not take any antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy, nor corticosteroids. However, vitamin C blood level were found to below normal ranges (ascorbemia < 5 mg/l but > 2 mg/l). Our patient did not present any other signs of scurvv. With rest, our patient was discharged home with oral vitamin C. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Recently, a growing literature in accounting history has provided sociological interpretations of historical facts in which accounting was involved. Foucault's governmentality concept has contributed to such analysis, specifically in 19th and 20th century's cases. However, the analysis of 18th century and, specially, colonial organizations has not been made yet. Thus, this work is devoted to analyse how accounting is implicated in the control of a Spanish colonial project. The relationships between accounting and the enlightened discourses that improved the colonies are clear. Conversely, the role of the resistance in this case allows questioning the refereed accounting literature in governmentality.


In the last few years the interest in reflection has grown and many modern programming languages/environments (e.g., Java and .NET) have provided the programmer with reflective mechanisms, i.e., with the ability of dynamically looking into (introspect) the structure of the code from the code itself. In spite of its evident usefulness, reflection has many detractors, who claim that it is too inecient to be used with real profit. In this work, we have investigated about the performance issue in the context of the Java reflection library and presented a dierent approach to the introspection in Java that improves its performances. The basic idea of the proposed approach consists of moving most of the overhead due to the dynamic introspection from run-time to compiletime. The eciency improvement has been proved by providing a new reflection library compliant ‐ that is, it provides exactly the same services ‐, with the standard Java reflection library based on the proposed approach. This paper is focused on speeding up the reification and the invocation of methods, i.e., on the class SmartMethod that replaces the class Method of the standard reflection library.


Payload oscillation of bridge cranes caused by accelerating or decelerating motion reduces working efficiency,safety and stability.Based on the distribution law of bridge cranes' dynamic parameters,the amplitude of payload oscillation in the varying range of the parameters was taken as an objective function.To suppress payload oscillation of bridge cranes with varying parameters,an optimal input-shaper was presented based on the ideas of minimizing the magnitude of the payload oscillation and optimizing the time delay induced by input-shaping.Simulation showed that the payload oscillation of bridge cranes was suppressed to 0.01rad under the control of the optimizing input-shaper.Comparing with the classical ZVD input-shaper,the system response time reduced by 0.6774s.


In this study the author tried to examine the trends in vegetable markets and brokers in the producing districts and to clarify how these trends affected the formation of the vegetable growing areas during the agricultural depression. Comprehensive descriptions are made about (A) nature of market places at the villages on the right bank of the Tone River, and on the alluvial fan of the Arakawa River and that of the Kanna River and (B) formation of the vegetable producing areas on the right bank of the Tone River. A-1. During the agricultural depression, production of vegetables and fruits for cash income was promoted actively in the rural communities in the northern part of Saitama Prefecture to compensate the loss of cash income due to the low market prices of silk. A-2. As a result, the following two areas were formed, reflecting physical and chemical characteristics of the soil e (a) a winter-spring vegetable area on the right bank of the Tone River and (b) a fruit and summer-fall vegetable area on diluvial tablelands. A-3. As these two vegetable areas developed, their situations in the outer fringe of suburban farming region around the Tokyo metropolitan area promoted the formation of unique distribution systems, which were characterized by dense occurrence of market places and accumulation of brokers in the producing areas. These systems caused to increase the vegetable production of individual farms and to expand the producing areas. A-4. The development of the distribution systems reflected the geographical characteristics of these vegetable-producing areas. On the right bank of the Tone River, this system developed markets which resembled a cooperative association. On the diluvial tablelands, it markets which were a market-oriented type were developed even though they were located in the producing areas. B-l. In the rural areas on the right bank of the Tone River, the intensive growing areas were resulted from the general management type (sericulture and winter-spring vegetables) which was based on the establishment of sericulture and fertile soil as well as the simple composition of vegetables. B-2. Shipping of welsh onions under the guidance of village agricultural associations contributed to expand the markets and to increase the production at the end of the Taisho period. Later increase in the production stimulated the establishment of market places run by the agricultural associations. As a result, the joint shipment system of the village agricultural associations was converted to the systems of market-at-producing-area, which would be open to brokers. B 3. Seasonality of local market places (held in the off-seasons of sericulture in this case) and the participation of peasants that were produced by the Tone River improvement works in brokerage caused an interdependent relationship between the brokers and the farms that needed multiple utilization of limited land. They worked together to develop the production of vegetables. B-4. The establishment of the system of market-at-producing-area and the activities of the brokers became a rather effective factor in increasing the vegetable production of farms in the early Showa period, when shipping and traffic means was not developed and the markets in urban places in the vicinities were immature. At the same time, the increase in the production of winter-spring vegetable combined with mulberry farming contributed to the increase in the number of brokers and the areal expansion of their activities. B-5. The vegetable farming on the right bank of the Tone River established indispensable distribution systems which included organizations of market at producing-area accumulation of local brokers. Supported by the development of munition industry in Ohta, Koizumi, Ojima, Isesaki, and the expansion of agricultural markets in rapidly expanding Tokyo, this area was cropped throughout the year and diversified its production items.


Generator control system for a vehicle having a battery, comprising: an AC generator (2) which is driven by an internal combustion engine; a field current control means (20) for controlling the duty ratio of the field current of the alternator; a field current detecting means (16) for detecting the field current; a load current detecting means (5) for detecting the fed from the battery to an electrical load (13) of a vehicle of the current; a rotational speed detecting means (17) for detecting the rotational speed of the AC generator; a calculation means (6) for calculating a predicted increase in the driving torque of the alternator on the basis of increase of the current which is supplied to the electrical load; wherein said calculating means comprises: a first output current-calculating means for calculating the available output current of the alternator as a first output current based on the rotational speed of the generator and the field current; and a second output current-calculating means for calculating the predicted output current of the alternator as a second output current from the first output current and the increase of the current that the electrical load ...


The theory of neoclassical transport near the magnetic axis in a tokamak is discussed. It is shown that the ordinary treatment of transport in the plateau regime holds in most of the region within a trapped orbit width of the magnetic axis, and is not modified by "potato" orbits. It is also demonstrated that transport at low collisionality is not diffusive in nature and cannot be described independently of the sources of particles and heat in the region near the magnetic axis. A variational principle is formulated for the near-axis transport problem.


The Nazis inherited a weak economy, withered by the Great Depression and periods of hyperinflation, when they took power in 1933. Over the next six years, primarily through a military buildup, the Nazi economy grew like none other in the world. This paper traces the methods the Nazis used to finance this economic rebound. Through an analysis of secret government documents, Nuremburg witness statements, and the latest scholarly research, this paper posits that the methods used to finance the economy were unsustainable. Further, it finds that by September 1939, the economy was in a state of dangerous disarray.


Cocoli Lake was formed by the construction of the west toe of the Cocoli dam across the course of the Cocoli River. The water was diverted to the northward around the site of the Miraflores locks. A shortage of water in the Rio Grande reservoir made it necessary to use these impounded waters of the Cocoli as an auxiliary to the water supply of the towns on the Pacific side of the divide, including Corozal, Ancon, Balboa and the native city of Panama. When the pumping of silt from the sea level portion of the canal into core of the dam was begun, some uneasiness was felt by the sanitary department as to the effect of possible seepage of the salt water into the drinking water supply. At the direction of the chief sanitary officer the writer, then in charge of the sanitation of the zone water supplies, kept a careful watch for any indication of the salt in the lake. In spite of the fact that water from the lake had found its way through the toe of the dam into the core pit before hydraulic filling was begun, there was no corresponding flow in the opposite direction when the salt water was pumped into the core. The average chlorine content of the lake water was 3 p.p.m. in October, 1910, 3.5 in November, 4.5 in December, 6 in January, 1911, the fill having been begun in September, 1910. On November 1, 1910, fourteen samples were taken from the surface of the lake at intervals along the toe of the dam and eight samples from other parts of the lake. None showed more than 3.5 p.p.m. of chlorine.


The study has indicated that the most effective factors of the supply and demand of the Egyptian agricultural workersas shown in the studyare represented in the demand of the agricultural workers; agricultural investments in the case of demand on the workers. However, the agricultural production value existed in the case of the supply of agricultural workers. Finally the study of the market balance of the agricultural workers shows the wage balance is less than the actual wage by about L.E. 304.9 monthly. This indicates that the agricultural working market lacks the required agricultural workers. That is, the agricultural workers are characterized by scarcity. The most important recommendations of the study are the necessity to develop the Egyptian agricultural sector through changing some of the agricultural policies which contribute to attract several Arab and foreign investments that leads in turn to lessen the size of agricultural unemployment.


Quantifiers are typical of Sino-Tibetan Languages.There are no quantifiers in English but structures to represent quantity instead,thus making it difficult to translate them into Chinese.The Chinese translation of "—quantifier-noun structure" is always impacted by the English language itself and is used excessively and Europeanized.Translation is an effective way to complete and perfect one's mother tongue,but there were problems of Europeanization.Recently,the Chinese translation of "—quantifier-noun structure" has a tendency of a vicious Europeanization,specifically represented by "excessive use" and "incorrect function".The study in this paper helps translate this structure specifically,use the benign Europeanization,avoid the vicious Europeanization,find the problem in translation and guide the practice.


Introduction The West Africa economic space has become more integrated with the work of the West Africa Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Livestock rearing and trade have benefited from increased regional integration and countries are working in concert to tackle tradelimiting issues such as road harassments, trans-boundary animal diseases, and misaligned livestock policies. This brief identifies and recommends political and legal components that could guide a regional framework for the conservation and sustainable use of endemic ruminant livestock (ERL) in West Africa.


Mangrove forests have a very important role for people's lives, especially for people who live in coastal areas, both from environmental, economic and social aspects. However, the economic potential of the ecosystem services provided by mangrove forests has not been comprehensively calculated. As a result, the economic potential of mangrove forests in an area is often calculated to be lower than the actual economic potential. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the total economic potential of mangrove forest ecosystem services. The economic valuation method of ecosystem services used in this study is the Total Economic Value method, including the economic value of providing services, regulatory services, cultural services, and supporting services. The location of this research is on Untung Jawa Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta Province, while the research time is from July to September 2022. The data used in determining the economic value in this study are primary data and secondary data. The results of the analysis show that the total economic value of the provision of services is around IDR 607 million per year, support services around IDR 15 million per year, cultural services around IDR 1.3 billion per year, and regulatory services around IDR 34 billion per year. The findings of this study have implications that the government and related stakeholders are required to provide more intensive education to the public about the importance of sustainable management of mangrove forests for the development of a blue economy on the island.


This workbook teaches writing and how to pronounce hiragana with the aid of animated characters. "Gambatte", meaning "hang in there", is an illustrated, interactive series of learning materials for mastering the Japanese language.


Academic Lecture Growing points in the psychiatry of old age. Part I: Specialty and body of clinical knowledge. B. Pitt I Part II: Organization of services. B. Pitt 15 Access following marital separation. G.A. Awad, R. Parry 357 Acculturation and mental disorder in the Inuit Review A. Seltzer 173 Acquired transient CNS hypersensitivity to lithium therapy. A.M. Ghadirian, H.E. Lehmann 662 Adamson, J. Tears of joy. 264 Addendum to a case of traumatic neurosis: Consideration of family dynamics. G. MacLean 506 Adolescent development and its relationship to young adulthood. Vicissitudes of, M.R. Friend 377 Adolescents in a general hospital psychiatric unit. K. Elliott, B.A. Stein, M. McKeough 545 Adults: Self-esteem and social skills. Hyperactives as young, L. Hechtman, G. Weiss, T. Perlman 478 Aftercare settings. Effective functioning of chronic psychiatric patients in, E.M. Mullen, LA. Taylor 651 Aggressive preschoolers: A pilot study. D.H. Kligman, J. Szmuilowicz, E. Choptiany, T. Sameshima 247 Ainsworth, K.D. see Hartman, L.M., Jt. Auth. 38 Albert, J.M. see Elie, R., Jt. Auth. 484 Alcoholic hallucinosis A missed diagnosis: Differential diagnosis and management. F.G. Surawicz 57 Alcohol-related problems and their treatment. Surveyof, R.G. Smart, M. Gillies, G. Brown, N.L. Blair 220


On the basis of analyzing the actuality of the low accuracy in the traditional statistical pattern recognition classification,the principle and application of support vector machine(SVM) is introduced with a real case of OMIS-I data.Using the OMIS-I data of ZaoYuan,an experiment is conducted and an excellent result is gained.Compared with the traditional Maximum Likelihood Classification(MLC) method,the result shows that the precision of this method reaches 90.50%,kappa coefficient exceeds 0.87.Thus,this method has more superiority and practicability in Hyperspectral remote sensing image classification.


This study made use of a correlational mixed-method design. It aimed to determine the level of barriers to science learning experienced by learners and its relationship to their science academic performance. The learners under study are those residing abroad or outside the city where the school is located and chose to remain in the online learning modality despite the implementation of limited-onsite and full-onsite learning modalities. A quantitative and a qualitative phase make up the study. The quantitative phase utilized data from 16 respondents that met the criteria set by the researcher. It reports that the level of barriers to learning science experienced by the learners ranges from a mean score of 1.50 (very low) to 2.88 (moderate) with an average of 2.08 (low). It is also apparent that the most significant barrier the learners experience is linked to time and support for studies (TSS) and academic skills (AS). Additionally, based on the results, the Pearson correlation coefficient is -.517, and the p-value is .040 with alpha 0.05. This data shows there is a significant relationship between the barriers to science learning experienced by learners online and their science academic performance. Hence, as the barriers to science learning experienced by learners online increase, their science academic performance decreases and vice versa. The qualitative phase utilized FGD and revealed the same results, supporting the quantitative results.


This paper presents a coplanar waveguide fed microstrip antenna developed with the aim of providing multiband resonance with compact & simple structure. The CPW fed antenna is of size $18.2\times 20\text{mm}^{2}$ which is printed on the substrate (FR4- Epoxy) which has relative permittivity 4.4 and thickness of 1.6mm. The proposed antenna has a meander line structure and a rectangular slot along with L-shaped slots on the ground plane. The meander line structure is responsible for resonance at 2.62 GHz, the rectangular slot gives resonance at 5.37 GHz and the L-shaped slots are responsible for resonance at 4.43 GHz & 7.3 GHz. The proposed antenna has return loss greater than −10dB and shows good bandwidth characteristics at all four resonant frequencies. The proposed antenna has peak gain of 0.133dB/2.7dB/3.4dB/4.33dB at 2.622/4.43/5.37/7.3GHz frequencies respectively. The proposed antenna can be used for WLAN, WIFI, Narrowband & X-band applications.


Currently,there are legal defects on the concept、function and quality of Rural Collective Economic Organization.Low law-making level and technology、effect of executive powers′own department and contradiction of peasant′s collective proprietary rights are causes of coming to defects.Legal defects have made serious impact on function of Rural Collective Economic Organization.Therefore,it is necessary to define concept reasonably、set independent economic function and settle market subjects′position.


Objective To explore the nursing effect of high quality of nursing care in children with bronchial pneumonia. Methods 100 children with bronchial pneumonia were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group.The control group was given conventional nursing,the observation group was given the high quality of nursing care.The pulmonary function of two groups before and after nursing intervention was observed,the therapeutic effect in two groups was evaluated. Results The level of FVC,FEV1 and PEF in the observation group after intervention compared with those in control group after intervention,there was significant difference(P0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with statistical difference(P0.05). Conclusion The high quality of nursing care can helpful to improve lung function in children with bronchial pneumonia,and improve the clinical treatment effect,it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.


Comment on "Safety and Tolerance Evaluation of Milk Fat Globule Membrane-Enriched Infant Formulas : A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Non-Inferiority Trial in Healthy Term Infants"


Summary: Antibodies specific for human hemoglobins F, A, S, and C were isolated by affinity chromatography from antisera produced in rabbits and goats. These reagents were shown to possess adequate sensitivity for identifying and quantifying hemoglobins A, S, and C in cord blood by radial immunodiffusion (RID). Furthermore, single immunodiffusion plates combining up to three of the antibodies at differing concentrations produced up to three nonover-lapping immunoprecipitin rings, retaining the capability for identifying multiple hemoglobins by a single application of hemolyzed whole blood to the RID plate.Isolated antibodies were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and incubated with red blood cells which were obtained from placental cord blood or from amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis and maternal venous blood at 16–20 weeks of gestation, and suspended in a thin layer of agar. Using antibodies against hemoglobins F, A, and S this method proved to possess sufficient sensitivity for detecting each of the respective hemoglobins in individual cells in all of the above classes of specimens.Since the red blood cells obtained by amniocentesis are potentially a mixture of fetal and maternal cells the proportion of F cells to A cells in amniotic fluid and in maternal venous blood were estimated. In 33 such sequential specimen pairs, 29 contained a higher F cell to A cell ratio in amniotic fluid than in maternal blood.Red blood cells from maternal blood and from amniotic fluid were incubated in vitro with L-[14C]serine. Incorporation of the serine into cells was identified by autoradiography. Since a substantial proportion of fetal red blood cells are synthetically active this provides a method for identifying hemoglobin phenotype in fetal-origin cells in a fetal-maternal mixture. Initial experience with a short series of specimens examined in this manner indicates that in amniotic fluid the proportion of cells which contain both hemoglobin and L-[14C]serine is typically higher than in maternal venous blood. Diagnostic accuracy for hemoglobin phenotypes of the fetus by the combination of autoradiography and fluorescent cytoimmunodiffusion is being tested currently in a substantial unselected sample of amniotic fluid specimens. Criteria for definitive diagnosis of SS phenotype in the fetus are fluorescent anti-S pattern in synthetically active cells, absence or rare occurrence of fluorescent anti-A pattern in such active cells, and a higher relative frequency of synthetically active F cells in amniotic fluid than in maternal blood.Speculation: The specificity and sensitivity of antibodies to hemoglobin variants combined with the simplicity of the method of radial immunodiffusion offers promise for universally available screening for hemoglobinopathies in cord blood.The sensitivity of these same antibodies when conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate appears to provide a diagnostic approach to hemoglobinopathies in the fetus which circumvents the need to expose the fetus and mother to risks of amnioscopy and venipuncture of the fetal system.


An approximate analysis is given for the likely fractional lateral density variations (δρ/ρ) in the outer core, caused by large scale-length fluid dynamical processes. It is first shown that fractional density and fractional seismic velocity variations are probably comparable, so that fluid dynamic arguments have relevance to seismic data. In regions of nearly neutral stability in the outer core, an analysis of convective vigour indicates an upper bound of δρ/ρ≲10^(−8). If the outer core possesses one or more layers of strong static stability then stationary contributions to δρ can be larger, if they are associated with axisymmetric (m = 0) harmonics, because of stabilizing zonal winds. Baroclinic instabilities nevertheless limit δρ/ρ≲ 10^(−6) but may not exist if the static stability is sufficiently large. Shear instabilities always limit δρ/ρ≲ 10^(−4). Magnetic field effects suggest comparable or more stringent upper bounds. It is concluded that scientists undertaking analysis of the Earth's geoid or seismic travel times or normal modes can safely assume that there are negligible lateral variations in the outer core.


An improvement program started in 1970 has produced four Metroliner cars rebuilt to assure greater reliability and more economical maintenance. Dynamic braking resistors have been moved to the roof and air intakes for cooling air for underbody electrical equipment are also located there. Major modifications were made to power conditioning, propulsion, trainlines, cooling, suspension, environmental control and wiring, and a new diagnostic and monitoring system has been incorporated. The remaining 57 Metroliners may be retrofitted with this same equipment; Amtrak has not yet made a decision.


A functionalized pentacenequinone derivative, ZR1, as a highly selective sensor for methanol has been prepared. Based on the methanol-induced keto-enol tautomerization of the pentacene-quinone moiety, ZR1 shows specific selectivity toward methanol, which leads to dual-modal detection of methanol with a very low detection limit of 0.038% in ethanol.


In data fusion, first track data generated for an airport ground sensing object from a plot extraction and tracking system, second track data generated for an airport peripheral aircraft from an auxiliary surveillance radar, and a plurality of air traffic control systems. Receive at least one of the flight plan data generated for the aircraft, and merge the first track data, the second track data and the flight plan data to generate fusion track data, the first track data, the second track data, Provides flight planning data and fusion track data in the form of a graphical user interface.


The microstructure change of CLAM steel during creep testing process was investigated at the temperature of 923K with different stress. The results show that the fragmentation and polygonization of martensite lath, as well as the degeneration of dislocation structure are the main factors to deteriorate the creep performance. The stability of MX precipitates in CLAM steel during high temperature creep is good, but the amount and size of M23C6 precipitates are increased. The Laves phase was not found in all samples, which may be due to the experimental temperature is close to the dissolution temperature of Laves phase. The higher temperature accelerates the microstructure evolution of CLAM steel, which results in the degradation of creep properties.


Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is widely used in clinics for diagnosing heart diseases and assessing functionality of the heart. It is therefore desirable to achieve fully automatic whole heart segmentation for the clinical applications, since manual work can be labor-intensive and subject to bias. However, automating this segmentation is challenging due to the large shape variability of the heart and the poor contrast between sub- structures such as those in the right ventricle and right atrium region in CT angiography images. In this work, we develop a fully automatic whole heart segmentation framework for CT volumes. This framework is based on image registration and atlas propagation techniques. Also, we investigate and compare the segmentation performance using single and multiple atlas propagation and segmentation strategies. In multiple atlas segmentation, a ranking-and-selection scheme is used to identify the best atlas(es) from an atlas pool for an unseen image. The segmentation methods are evaluated using fifteen clinical data. The results show that the proposed multiple atlas segmentation method can achieve a mean Dice score of 0:889±0:023 and a mean surface distance error of 1:17±1:39 mm for the automatic whole heart segmentation of seven substructures.


With the rapid development of hydropower in China, in just a few years installed capacity has leapt to the world's first, in addition to thermal power outside the development of the second largest electricity supply. However, the equivalent availability level of hydropower units in China is lower than that of conventional fossil energy thermal power units, and the cost of unit engineering is higher, especially the unplanned shutdown coefficient of pumped storage units in China is much higher than the world level. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the research on the operation reliability of generator sets. Based on the analysis and summary of the basic situation, operation situation, planned outage and unplanned shutdown of hydropower units in China, this paper puts forward the main problems of reliability of hydropower units and hydroelectric power plants, which are used for reference and exchange by professional and technical personnel engaged in hydropower industry.


We present semisimp, a tool for semiautomatic simplification of three dimensional polygonal models. Existing automatic simplification technology is quite mature, but is not sensitive to the heightened importance of distinct semantic model regions such as faces and limbs, nor to simplification constraints imposed by model usage such as animation. semisimp allows users to preserve such regions by intervening in the simplification process. Users can manipulate the order in which basic simplifications are applied to redistribute model detail, improve the simplified models themselves by repositioning vertices with propagation to neighboring levels of detail, and adjust the hierarchical partitioning of the model surface to segment simplification and improve control of reordering and position propagation. ACM Category and Subject Descriptor: I.3.5 [Computer Graphics] Computational Geometry and Object Modeling hierarchy and geometric transformations Additional


: The human gastrointestinal tract contains a highly complex ecosystem that harbors various microorganisms, which together create a unique environment within each individual. There is growing awareness that dietary habits are one of the essential factors contributing to the microbial diversity and community con fi guration that ultimately a ff ects human health. From an evolutionary perspective, human dietary history can be viewed as a central factor in the selection of the gut microbial community and stabilization of the mutualistic host − microbial interaction, that together drive host phenotype. Herein, current knowledge concerning the in fl uence of major dietary macrostructure and individual food ingredients is presented. This knowledge will provide perspectives for personalized gut microbiota management and, ultimately, movement toward an era of personalized nutrition and medicine. bifidobacteria butyrate-producing explains bifdobacterial com-Journal


This thesis deals with the dialectic of the voluntary and the involuntary of evil. In The Symbolism of Evil, the mediations of the dialectic are tragic theology and tragic anthropology. They are related to the consciousness of suffering. It means awareness of the source of evil that who judges the justice is one violating its own. 'Tragic theology' concerns god; for 'tragic anthropology', it means the possibility of evil which hides in the conscience of human. One can see that tragic theology and anthropology are mutually-dependent conceptions. Even if Ricoeur's symbolical series associate much to the relation of god and man, we stress much more the conception of 'tragic theology'. Chapter two discusses how Ricoeur analyzes these two conceptions of tragic theology and anthropology in ways of plot and aesthetic influences. Chapter three explains the symbolical series of stain, sin, and guilt. It also deals with how tragic theology and anthropology are subject to the meaning and the role of the symbolical series. Moreover, the concept of the servile will can be clarified by means of the symbolical series, which expresses that the will of freedom results in the evil of self-enclosure. Chapter four puts the concept of tragedy in the structure of mythically gravitational space and in the context of Christology to express the unique place of tragedy. Ricoeur regards tragic theology and anthropology as the negative conceptions which is critical and limiting. Moreover, he tries to exhibit the possibility of surpassing tragic theology and anthropology which, noticeably, have the power of deconstructing other symbols (the elements of servile will within) to some extent that Ricoeur regards them as critical conceptions. But in contrast to Christology, they are conceptions which wait for being surpassed and are limited. Thus, we can manifest the hierarchical levels: the servile will-a initial freedom(tragedy)-a freedom of participation(Christology). As to the conclusion, in The Symbolism of Evil, we have seen that Ricoeur tries to divide belief and knowledge into different fields of truth and that he needs the field of meaning which regards belief or symbolical language as the fundamental of pre-understanding. But, how do we assert its transcendence and keep the openness and the ambiguity at the same time that we interpret the Christology as the sphere of transcendental meaning? Even much more, we keep the possibility of truth of different religions and symbolical languages? These are issues waiting for further investigating.


An XML schema for scientific metadata is described. It is used for the CostGlue archival program, developed in the framework of the European Union COST Action 285: "Mode lling and simulation tools for research in emerging multi-service telecommunications". The schema i s freely available under the GNU LGPL license at http://wnet.isti.cnr.it/software/costglue/schema/20 07/CostGlue.xsd, or at its official repository, at http://l t.fe.uni-lj. si/costglue/schema/2007/costglue.xsd.


Let k be a field, and let a, b, c be three elements in k ◊ . The nonsingular projective plane curve X defined over k with equation ax 3 y + by 3 z + cz 3 x = 0 has genus 3 and is reduced to the familiar Klein quartic when a = b = c = 1. The Jacobian JX of X is a three-dimensional abelian variety, defined over k as well. The aim of this article is to give some formulas for the number of points of the group JX(k) of rational points of JX if k = Fq is a finite field. We assume that the full group of seventh roots of unity is contained in k; this amounts to saying that q 1 (mod 7). If q is a prime number and the coecients a, b, c are appropriately chosen, we noticed that the number of points of the group JX(k) is prime in a significant number of occurences. This provides cyclic groups which seem to be accurate for cryptographic applications. 2000 Math. Subj. Class. 11G25.


brilliant career to demonstrate the importance of the relentless pursuit of perfection, regardless of previous successes. Clearly, any argument against this philosophy would contradict the ethos of the plastic surgery community and medicine in general. The dichotomy to be made is not between the actions of tireless dedication and basking in glory; it is between the underlying motivations driving those actions. Despite his unprecedented success, Michelangelo Buonarroti prayed, "Lord, grant that I may always desire more than I can accomplish."1 He relentlessly pursued groundbreaking projects never before fathomed, but he was not chasing personal greatness, glorification, or wealth. Michelangelo lived his life as a recluse and viewed his work as an act of service to God and his country,2 claiming, "However rich I may have been, I have always lived as a poor man."3 Thus, if we allow personal glorification to become our primary motive and define our self-worth, we will find ourselves chasing the ever-evasive greatness and finding no deep, lasting satisfaction in our careers. However, Michelangelo demonstrates that we can find a deep satisfaction in desiring more than we can accomplish and relentlessly pursuing perfection, but it must be internalized as an act of service: a service to our patients, to our biomedical community, to any purpose greater than our own self-centered greatness. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001598


his digestion impaired. Meantime, a seton had been inserted over the hepatic region, through the openings of which the contents of the abscess, in due time, escaped, part finding its way into the intestinal canal. In this stage, it did not appear that the mercury had been intermitted. The mercury and the seton, as far as I gathered, comprised the sole treatment. On May31st, I867, the man arrived in England as an invalid, and was admitted into Netley Hospital, where he was a fourth time salivated, apparently from the use of an ointment of iodide of mercury rubbed over his side. After about a month's detention there, he was discharged the service, and finally found himself under the care of Dr. Bennett. As may readily be imagined, he was reduced to a very low ebb from his grave diseases and their alleged remedies. His liver was much enlarged; the spleen also. There was a thick crop of rupire, with numerous ulcerations, especially on his back. He had an affection of one testicle, and was affected with rheumatism. The physical symptoms of phthisis were also present, indicated by dulness under one clavicle, cough, resonance of voice, and muco-purulent expectoration. He denied having had syphilis; although admitting that, when fifteen years old, he had contracted a gonorrhcea. Dr. Rutherford goes on to state that, in his paper read before the Medico-Chirurgical Society on January i8th, he asserted that there was not the slightest pretext for this statement, for the following reasons. I. The man stated that, while ill in India, he had " poultices and tincture of iodine to the side ;" " medicine with a bitter taste from a bottle;" "taraxacum in pills ;" but he did not say anything about mercury. He said that the only occasion on which his mouth had been made sore in India or anywhere else was once in Jhansi, when he had a sudden attack of vomiting and purging, for which he had two pills from a native compounder, and afterwards a draught; he became better, and next morning his mouth was very sore. He was not salivated. He did not know that the pills were ordered by a medical man. The man stated to Dr. Rutherford that he had a sore on the penis in Jhansi ; and his " medical history sheet" states that he was in hospital thirteen days, and was treated without mercury. 2. Dr. Ccrbett, under whose care the man was at Kussowlie from April I865 to November i866, states emphatically that during that period he never had any mercury whatever. 3. Certified copies of the official reports of the man's case written at the time, contain no mention of mercury having been administered to him. 4. It is utterly improbable that any medical man would be so inhuman as to give mercury to a man, suffering from a complication of serious diseases, who -had been sent as an invalid from the plains of India to a convalescent station. During the man's voyage home, he had, he said, " bitter medicine," "acid drops," a blister to the side, good diet, wine, etc. ; but not one word was said about mercury. This is fully borne out by the medical record of his treatment on board ship. The statement that he was again salivated after his admission into Netley Hospital, is distinctly denied by Dr. Maclean. Dr. Rutherford then comments on and repudiates the statement of Dr. Bennett, that " thousands of our soldiers have been so treated, and have had their health irretrievably shattered." A similar statement, he says, was made a few years ago, and was pronounced by a most competent and impartial tribunal to be wholly unfounded.


Mutations alter the nucleotide sequence of the DNA. They may affect the organism's phenotype, which can play a key role in bacterial adaptation and transformation to changing environments. Some of these mutations even appear to be beneficial to the organism. However, creationists have tended to offer an inconsistent or incomplete perspective of "beneficial mutations" within a creation framework. This includes the frequent denial that mutations can ever provide a beneficial phenotype, and the concept that "beneficial mutations" are merely an evolutionist exaggeration. In bacteria, a wide range of mutations can be shown to provide a beneficial phenotype to the cell. These benefits are often of sufficient phenotypic affect that they can undergo strong positive selection. But, the benefits are generally temporary and limited. Some common examples of beneficial mutations are those involved in bacterial antibiotic resistance. These mutations potentially enable the bacterium to survive exposure to various antibiotics, but the resistance results from loss or reduction of pre-existing activities such as enzymatic, regulatory, or transport systems. Bacteria also can undergo adaptive mutation; a phenomenon used by bacteria to survive very specific stressful conditions. The exact mechanism is controversial because some results suggest a directed mutation specifically enabling adaptation to the environment, but at a mutation rate higher than random mutations would produce. Various mutations have also been found that enable bacteria to survive temporary exposure to high temperatures or starvation. Such mutations usually involve loss of certain sigma factors, reduction of DNA repair, or loss of specific regulatory controls. Other examples include several subpopulations of mutant strains of bacteria obtained over a period of up to 20,000 generations. These mutants have a greater "fitness" than the wild-type strain. However, analysis showed that most contained deletion mutations in various genes. Each of these examples, as well as numerous others, involves certain environmental conditions that make these mutations phenotypically beneficial. However, these mutations frequently eliminate or reduce pre-existing cellular systems and functions. This has been referred to as antagonistic pleiotropy; meaning the cell experiences a trade-off where a temporary benefit for surviving one environmental condition is provided at the expense of systems used for other environments. If the environmental conditions change, the mutation usually becomes less beneficial and perhaps even detrimental. Hence, these mutations do not provide a genetic mechanism that accounts for the origin of biological systems or functions. Rather, they require the prior existence of the targeted cellular systems. As such, beneficial mutations of bacteria fit concisely within a creation model where (a) biological systems and functions were fully formed at creation, (b) subsequent mutations can provide conditional benefits that enable the organism to survive harsh post-Fall conditions even though the mutation is generally degenerative, and (c) most bacteria need the ability to rapidly adapt to ever changing environments and food sources.


This paper relies on a systematic review of literature concerning competence-based education  (CBE) approaches, specifically focusing on curriculum implementation and assessment of key competences. ...


There frequently a violation happened on fresher entry in different environment and in post marital relationship where person's desire (subconscious concept on individual practice), expectation and emotion about fundamental behaviour and extreme pleasure and satisfaction become questing on insecurity of trans-survival environment or TSE. Where non-cooperation or refusal on the partner's request for work coordination or safe sex on using non-consensual force or roughness or unwanted sadistic behavioural or sexual acts, disregard for the counterpart's feelings, aimed exerting control over the partner become a substance abuse that experienced an overwhelming amount of stress. Such an event or unforced situation that causes disruption on relationship and make great distress on personality adjustment or unpleasant experience that causes early traumatic disorder (ETD).


Objective: To explore the structure-function relation of the temporal lobe in newly diagnosed West syndrome of unknown cause (uWS). / Methods: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (3D structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging, DTI) was analysed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tractbased spatial statistics (TBSS) in 22 patients and healthy age-matched controls. The electrophysiological responsiveness of the temporal lobe was measured using the N100 auditory event-related potential (ERP) to a repeated 1000Hz tone. Neurocognitive function was assessed using the Bayley scales of infant development II (BSID-II). Tests followed first-line treatment with Vigabatrin (17) or high dose oral prednisolone (5). / Results: Total temporal lobe volume was similar in patients and controls. Patients had a smaller temporal stem (TS) [p < 0.0001] and planum temporale (PT) [p = 0.029] bilaterally. TS width asymmetry with a larger right-sided width in controls, was absent in patients [p = 0.033]. PT asymmetry was present in both groups, being larger on the right [p = 0.048]. VBM grey matter volume was increased at the left temporal lobe (superior and middle temporal gyri, the perirhinal cortex and medial temporal lobe) [p<0.005, family wise error-corrected]. VBM grey matter volume correlated with the duration of infantile spasms. [Pearson's R = - 0.630, p = 0.009] DTI metrics did not differ between patients and controls on TBSS. Patients' mean BSID-II scores were lower [p<0.001] and their auditory N100 ERP attenuated less than controls' [p = 0.002]. / Significance: The functional networking and white matter development of the temporal lobe are impaired following infantile spasms. Treatment may promote structural plasticity within the temporal lobe following infantile spasms, manifest as increased grey matter volume on VBM. It remains to be investigated further whether this predicts patients' longterm cognitive difficulties.


Gellidium zolingeri is a red alga of the Rhodophyta. Content of Gellidium zolingeri is Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), proteins (amino acids), pigments (phycobiliproteins and carotenoids), phenolic compounds, fucoidan etc. Gellidium zolingeri has several benefits. From the drug content, Gellidium zolingeri can be used as a natural product. Different content in a plant is influenced by several factors, one of which is the climate and harvest time. It is known that in this study using three different harvest times, different harvest times will affect the percentage or content of the plant. Therefore, to ensure its quality, this research is carried out. Result analysis using Infrared Spectrophotometry, five functional groups were obtained, OH carboxylic acid, N-H (cyclic alkene), C=C (aromatic), C-O (ether) and =C-H (alkene) with their respective wave numbers. Result from spectra that these compounds are MAAs. Next step analyzed by PCA (Principal Component Analysis) minitab19, the data obtained are Score plots, Loading plots and Biplots. The results of the three samples with different collection times have three different spectra results. Harvest time of November the dry season and harvest time of December and January the rainy season is grouped separately. November is also a transitional climate where results of these spectra are in between the rainy season spectra (December and January).


We compared steady-state theophylline pharmacokinetics in10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) before andimmediately after erythromycin therapy. Theophylline (3mg/kg) was givenof four separate study stage: (1) All subjects received a three-day courseof oral aminophylline to steady-state at prior to staring erythromycin. (2)On the fifth day of erythromycin adminstration (1g daily). (3) On the tenth day of erythromycin administration. and (4) the fifth day after thecourse of erythromycin was completed. After the last dose of aminophy-lline during each study stage plasma was analyzed for theophylline, usingHigh Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Mean theophylline pharmacokineticparameter values on each of the 4 study stages were: Steady-state peakplasma concentration (C_(TPK)~(SS)), 9. 84, 12. 14, 13. 37 and 11 .66μg/ml; Steady-state clearance (CL~(SS)), 0 .053, 0 .043, 0.039 and 0 .047 l/h/kg; Eliminationhalf-life (t1/2), 8.45, 10. 90, 12.23 and 9.70h; and steady-state volume ofdistribution (V_d~(SS), 0. 642, 0 .685, 0 .695 and 0 .628 l/kg. Each subject actedas his own control. Mean peak theophylline levels increased by 23. 37,35.87% at the second and third study stage (p0.001), Mean theophy-lline clearance decreased by 18.87, 26.42% at the second and third studystage (p0.05). Erythromycin did not significantly affect theophyllinevolume of distribution (p0.05).


the third quarter of the 20th century, Eliezer Berkovits was one of the most articulate and wide-ranging stars in the firmament of modern Orthodox thought. By the time I discovered his work, he had written on most of the perennial questions of Jewish philosophy and many of the problems of the day: God's hand in history, biblical theology, the Holocaust, Jewish ethics, prayer and the anti-Semitism and anti-Orthodoxy of various recent authors. Lectures throughout the United States made him accessible to those who wished to encounter him in the flesh. I did not know then, nor would it have mattered, that he was somewhat isolated at the Hebrew Theological College in Chicago ("Skokie") where he taught Jewish philosophy. One of my first articles was a review essay on his Major Themes in Modern Philosophies of Judaism, Berkovits's hard-hitting Orthodox assault on Jewish thinkers ranging from Cohen, Buber and Rosenzweig to Kaplan and Heschel.1 Berkovits was also a serious talmid hakham who published on halakhic topics. Here his most notable work was a substantial treatise on condi-


C has been reported to be biocompatible and biodegradable, and has been applied in many different drug formulations ranging from gels to tablets, capsules and microand nanoparticles. In this study, chitosan microand nanoparticles have been made by using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent. TPP can possess up to five negative charges, which can interact with the positively charged chitosan. When utilizing microand nanoparticles for drug delivery applications, it is important to have control over factors that will affect the drug release rate such as the size and compactness of the particles. In addition, it is essential that the microand nanoparticle suspensions remain stable over a reasonable amount of time. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles are prepared at different conditions, and characterized with respect to size, compactness and stability. A novel method of estimating the compactness of the nanoparticles is employed, and it was found that the stability of the nanoparticle suspensions is influenced both by the size and the compactness of the particles.


The P300 speller is being considered as an independent brain-computer interface. That means it measures the user's intent, and does not require the user to move any muscles. In particular it should not require eye fixation of the desired character. However, it has been shown that posterior electrodes provide significant discriminative information, which is likely related to visual processing. These findings imply the need for studies controlling the effect of eye movements. In experiments with a 3x3 character matrix, attention and eye fixation was directed to different characters. In the event-related potentials, a P300 occurred for the attended character, and N200 was seen for the trials showing the focussed character. It occurred at posterior sites, reaching its peak at 200ms after stimulus onset. The results suggest that gaze direction plays an important role in P300 speller paradigm. By controlling gaze direction it is possible to separate voluntary and involuntary EEG responses to the highlighting of characters.


Preface Part 1: Principles of Economics 1. Introduction 2. Demand 3. Supply 4. Markets 5. Regulation 6. Mergers and Acquisitions 7. For-profit and Nonprofit Organizations Part 2: Health Care 8. Essential Concepts in Health Economics 9. Demand for Health and Health Care 10. Insurance 11. Contracts and Asymmetric Information Part 3: IO in Health Care 12. Competition in Health Care Markets 13. Public and Private Provision 14. Bargaining 15. Waiting Lists 16. Referrals, Gatekeeping and Levels of Care 17. Pharmaceutical Market


The implementation of new Enterprise Accounting System and Enterprise Accounting Criterion No.18——Income Tax is a great event in the course of reform and development of accounting system in China.This paper analyzes the new differences between enterprise accounting profit and enterprise income after tax brought about by the new accounting system and enterprise accounting criterion.


Regionalism as the focus for systematic study has been temporarily submerged by global or area-related issues.1 Regional organizations in Europe, Latin America and Africa, that were once the pride of scholarly enterprise, have become mere symbols of original promise. Instead, political ambitions and institutionalized bureaucracies vie for the continued prominence of supra-national structures which, in reality, have become a struggle for organizational survival. The pursu ance of national goals has relegated regional co-operation to a secondary function, making it a useful by-product rather than the design for progress. A similar observation regarding Southeast Asia is gaining credence abroad. The impression is one of feverish activity where, in the name of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), hundreds of government officials, business men and academics attend hundreds of regional meetings of committees and com missions, where thousands of pages are produced, printed, co-ordinated and dis seminated, where reciprocal visits abound among political leaders, cultural groups and animal breeders, and where thousands of working hours are spent to evolve ideas for potential future activities. Hyper-activism does not fail to impress Western societies. While devotion and performance receive high marks, there is a prevailing uncertainty about the end product of this regional assiduousness: are they building a pyramid or a mere mole-hill? High praise for diligence cannot assuage the concern for the ultimate motif. Have the multitudinous activities on behalf of ASEAN become just self-serving projects rather than being regarded as building blocks for the implementation of a concept of regionalism in all its manifestations? Has ASEAN itself become a mere project? The absence of a plan for institutional progression, linked to an evolu tionary time-table, fosters doubts in the minds of foreign observers.


Abstract. This paper describes a semantic approach for matching export schemas of geographical database Web services, based on the use of a small set of typical instances. The paper also contains an extensive experiment, in the context of two gazetteers, Geonames and the ADL gazetteer, to illustrate the approach. 1. Introduction A database Web service consists of a Web service interface with operations that provide access to a backend database. When a client sends a query to a database Web service, the backend engine submits the query to the backend database, collects the results and delivers them to the client. The export schema describes the subset of the backend database schema that the database Web service makes visible to the clients [Sheth and Larson, 1990]. Usually, the export schema consists of a flat table, which does not have complex dependencies with other elements of the backend database schema. In addition, a Web service typically announces its interfaces using Web Service Definition language – WSDL, a W3C standard. The goal of this paper is to present a semantic approach for matching export schemas of geographical database Web services, based on the use of a small set of typical instances. The paper illustrates the approach with an extensive experiment that uses two gazetteers, Geonames and the ADL gazetteer, an ISO-complaint, pre-defined geographical global schema, and a set of typical geographical locations. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses related work. Section 3 introduces the proposed semantic schema matching approach. Section 4 describes the experiment and discusses open issues. Finally, Section 5 contains the final considerations and suggestions for future work.


OF THE THESIS CURRENT LIMITATIONS OF THE EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION: THE NEED TO STRENGTHEN ALL-HAZARDS PREPAREDNESS FOR MEDICAL PRODUCTS TO SUPPORT US MILITARY FORCES by Terry Michael Rauch American Public University System January 25, 2015 Charles Town, West Virginia Professor Samer Koutoubi, Thesis Professor The purpose of this study is to present an argument for the expansion of the Emergency Use Authorization beyond the current scope of threats that cover chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear agents and to include instruments of war or terrorism (explosive devices or agents), or hazards which cause or threaten to cause massive physical trauma. A literature search using PubMed, the Defense Technical Information Center, and Google Scholar identified 26 articles from January 1982 to December 2014 that examined the effects of blast as an instrument of war on combat casualty care. An assessment was made of each article that included a medical product in either pre-clinical or clinical trial status, a medical product that the Food and Drug Administration approved for another indication other than a particular trauma indication, or a product approved by a foreign regulatory entity. The results show a major gap in the Emergency Use Authorization that requires expansion to allow the Food and Drug Administration to grant authorization for an unapproved medical product (or unapproved use of an approved product) that is the best available medical countermeasure for trauma care. EXPANDING THE EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION


U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Energy Commission staff (hereinafter jointly referred to as "staff") find that with the adoption of the attached conditions of certification the proposed Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System (ISEGS) project would comply with all applicable laws, ordinances, regulations, and standards (LORS) and would not result in any significant air quality-related CEQA impacts. Conditions of Certification referred to herein serve the purpose of both the Energy Commission's Conditions of Certification for purposes of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and BLM's Mitigation Measures for purposes of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Staff have concluded that the project would not have the potential to exceed PSD emission levels during direct source operation and the facility is not considered a major stationary source with potential to cause significant NEPA air quality impacts. However, without adequate fugitive dust mitigation, the project would have the potential to exceed the General Conformity PM10 applicability threshold during construction and operation, and could cause potential localized exceedances of the PM10 NAAQS during construction and operation. This potential exceedance of federal air quality standards would be considered a direct, adverse significant impact under NEPA. This impact would be less than significant with the proposed construction and operation mitigation measures controlling fugitive dust. The ISEGS project would emit substantially reduced greenhouse gas (GHG)


Despite increasing interest in visual and hearing impairment in the older population, little attention has been paid to concurrent hearing and vision loss, also known as dual sensory loss. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of comorbid hearing disability and hearing aid ownership in visually impaired older adults.


Two-way relay network (TWRN) was introduced to realize high-data rate transmission and to improve spatial diversity over the frequency-selective fading channel. However, channel state information (CSI) is needed due to the requirement from coherent data detection and the self-data removal at terminals. Traditional training-based linear probing techniques are able to achieve the accurate CSI by using enough training sequence. However, these methods may lead to a low efficiency on the bandwidth due to that based on the implicit assumption of a rich underlying multipath, while neglected inherent channel sparsity in the TWRN. Unlike the previous methods, we propose a compressed channel sensing method (sometimes be called compressed sensing–based sparse channel estimation method) which exploits the sparse structure, and hence provide significant improvements in MSE performance when compared with conventional LS-based linear channel probing strategies in the TWRN. Simulation results confirm performance of the proposed method. Keyword Compressed channel sensing (CCS), two-way relay network (TWRN), sparse channel estimation, Restricted Isometry Property (RIP).


With China's national economy development by leaps and bounds,city high-rise buildings lining,in line with green,environmental protection,low carbon concept,hundreds of buildings design USES wall paint finishes,and exterior coating the phenomenon such as cracking and industry for many years the common quality problems.In order to research the problem,for many years,our company in exterior coating in construction,on the one hand,in the material aspects further improvement and perfection,on the other hand in finishing process method optimized,and achieved good results.


SYSTEM OF MOTIVATION OF PERSONNEL OF VETERINARY PHARMACY M. Zhukovskyi Overcoming Ukraine's economic crisis is possible only if the efficiency of social labor is increased. The current financial and economic crisis is a factor in the persistent negative tendencies in the economy, and the situation on the market of veterinary medicines is no exception. In this regard, the leading experts in the field of veterinary pharmacy are facing important tasks to find fundamentally new constructive approaches to address the objectives of pharmacy strategic and tactical nature. It is quite understandable that in order to achieve success in the market competition of veterinary medicines, feed and feed additives it is necessary to attract highly skilled personnel, because it is known that the effectiveness of any activity depends directly on the team of professionals. In turn, this allows us to consider the motivation of the veterinary pharmacy staff as one of the key factors for effective activity and customer satisfaction. The aspects of labor productivity management, various motivation types of veterinary pharmacy personnel are considered. Motivational aspects of labor management have become widespread in countries with a developed market economy. In our country, the labor motivation concept with economic content has appeared relatively recently, in connection with the production democratization. But it should be noted that in our country a big value has the first group of incentives - wages, bonuses, various rewards. Thanks to the material stimulation, the workers take part in the technology improvement, labor organization, etc. To improve the performance we suggest making a double bonus system, individual and collective. Collective encouragement involves the mandatory implementation of the established plan of trade turnover on a monthly basis. In the case of a plan, each farmer receives to wages from 5 to 20% of the salary set. Individual incentives include a coding system for each pharmacy employee. Under this code, every pharmacist gains an invoice for the product he sold. In this regard, each pharmacist will be interested in selling more expensive and high quality goods. Individual motivating measures will not be effective; a positive outcome can be only through the introduction of the incentive system for veterinary pharmacists. The system of motivation of the veterinary pharmacy staff and the sequence of its introduction are offered. Key words: motivation, labor productivity, material stimulation, bonus


A number of studies have aimed to find those factors affecting the drag coefficient at the ocean surface. The direction of swell relative to the local wind has been proposed as a contributing factor. Different approaches have been used, but the results have been inconclusive. Here observed and modelled 2D wave spectra are compared. The data is obtained by the microwave MIROS-radar and the WAM-model (cycle-4) at different locations in the North Sea and Norwegian Sea. Based on the fact that the WAM source functions are not accounting for swell effects, a difference between the observed and simulated wind-sea growth is expected in situations where wind is opposing swell and wind is blowing in the same direction as swell if this effect should be considered significant. In this study no clear evidence is found that swell have a significant impact on integrated wave parameters, but may affect the shape of the wave spectrum. However, this type of analysis is highly sensitive to the accuracy of the modeled wind forcing, demanding both a high spatial resolution and a small integration time step, and preferably stationary wind conditions.


Significance We report a long-sought& in vivo& physiological role for& α-synuclein (α-syn) in dopamine signaling. The results indicate that& α-syn is critical for activity-dependent dopamine plasticity, and that short repeated burst activity produces rapid presynaptic facilitation, while prolonged burst activity slowly depresses evoked dopamine release. We propose that the rapid facilitation is due to an enhanced fusion of synaptic vesicles at active zones during exocytosis while the depression is due to synaptic exhaustion. These results identify a& dynamic role of& α-syn, and are critical for defining& molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for various neurological disorders, where the firing properties of neurons are severely altered.


Ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore radio links empowered by WiFi, WiMAX etc have been recently exploited to build maritime multi-hop mesh networks to provide internet services to on-ship users. However, because of the mobility of the vessels/ships and the large inter-ship distances, nodes in the maritime network are frequently disconnected, forcing data communication in the maritime mesh networks to be opportunistic and delay-tolerant. In this paper, we present LanePost, an optimization approach for maritime delay-tolerant routing protocol. We exploit the shipping lane information to predict the rendezvous opportunities of the ships to optimize the route selection in delay-tolerant routing. In particular, we show that when the shipping lane information is available, an opportunistic routing graph (ORG) for each ship can be constructed to predict its multi-hop data routing opportunities to the other ships or to the shore. Based on the ORG, we develop an optimal route protocol (i.e., LanePost) for each ship to minimize its delay of multi-hop packet delivery via dynamic programming. We discussed the ways of collecting shipping lane information by centralized method or distributed method. The proposed LanePost protocol was evaluated by ONE, an open-source delay-tolerant network simulator, which shows its dramatic performance improvement in terms of delay reduction compared to the state-of-the-art opportunistic routing protocols.


Two summers ago as a student I made a trip to Star Island to take part in the Religion and Science conference of that year. Of all the fine things that happened here in 1958, I remember the chapel talks of Dr. Edwin Prince Booth as a high point for me. For those of youwho don't know Dr. Booth, he has been the guiding spirit of this conference since its beginning: a man who has moved us by his inner genuineness, as well as by his lightning mind. On one morning of that conference, Dr. Booth spoke of a particular experience he had had while sitting on the porch of this very hotel. He had been striving in his chapel talks to define a humanism for us that touched the heart of reality as well as the heart of man. He had been trying with all his might to come up with a vision of religion which would heal the divisions among us without causing any more. As he sat alone on the hotel porch early one evening, he looked out on a sunset the likes of which can only be seen at Star Island. The waters were calm and the setting sun had come to rest on their edge, its gold melting into the blue-green beauty of the sea. It couldn't be seen where the sun actually met the water, but just above there the gold turned into a reddened haze that faded into the stillness of a perfect blue sky. A sunset rich in beauty and deep in meaning. Dr. Booth said to us, "As I gazed over the waters I felt myself becoming one with the beauty around me. The glory of life opened its heart to mine in that moment, and I knew that all was well. Without thinking, I knew in the core of my being that the things that divide us are not of the essence. I knew that man's strife and pain were but flaws in a garment that covered the deep, universal oneness of us all. I learned not another fact, to be added to those before, but I learned


A company's nancial performance can be used for consideration in policy-making in all aspects to foster public con dence in the company. Company's nancial performance can be determined by an- alyzing the nancial statements. Results of analysis of nan- cial statements will be able to help interpret the various ten- dencies that can provide basic considerations regarding the potential success of the company in the future. To the au- thors will try to discuss these problems by doing research at PT Srijaya Pusaka Nusantara by analyzing nancial state- ments of the Company in 2007, 2008, and 2009 using the analysis of liquidity ratios, solvency, and pro tability. Anal- ysis of the results obtained from the study, when viewed from the Liquidity Ratio illiquid company's nancial per- formance due to current ratio is still below 2 times, and the quick ratio is still below 1.5 times, meaning that compa- nies lack the cash to pay its short term debt. Judging from the Solvency Ratio in the performance of the company that has not been healthy enough to remember the total debt to equity ratio is above 80


Functionalization of spin crossover (SCO) porous coordination polymers (PCPs) with hydrogen-bonding active groups is an efficient strategy for the research of multifunctional materials. Indeed, the interaction of guests with the...


Gynaecomastia is unior bilateral breast enlargement in males associated with benign hyperplasia of the glandular, fibrous and adipose tissue resulting from oestrogen-androgen imbalance. Asymptomatic gynaecomastia is a common finding in healthy male adults and does not have to be treated, while symptomatic gynaecomastia might be the symptoma of many pathological conditions and requires meticulous diagnosis and therapeutic management. The commonest causes of gynaecomastia in the Polish population include liver cirrhosis and drugs used to treat its complications. The current study presents the case of severe painless gynaecomastia in a patient with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis, treated with spironolactone because of ascites. Breast enlargement assessed a IIb according to the Simon's Scale or III according to the Cordova-Moschella classification, developed slowly over the two-year period of low-dose spironolactone therapy The course and dynamics of disease are described and the main mechanisms leading to its development discussed. The importance of effective treatment of patients with severe gynecomastia is emphasized as the disease may result in significant psychosocial problems.


SUMMARY Two methods for analysing oscillatory pressure distributions are compared. I" one, a Digital Transfer Function Analyser is used on-line to measure the in-phase and in-quadrature components of oscillatory pressure signals with respect to a given reference signal. In the other method the pressure signals are recorded on magnetic tape, then the recorded signals are analysed on a digital computer at a later time. Oscillatory pressures were produced by oscillating a model wing in a wind tunnel. Pressure transducers were mounted in the model at six chordwise stations and the responses from the transducers ware measured by both of the above methods for a range of frequency and Mach number. A comparison of the results shows that for the conditions achieved in the tests, there is no significant loss of accuracy in magnitude when the oscillatory pressure signals are recorded on magnetic tape for later analysis, and that the measurement of phase angle is accurate to within lo.


The emergence of Covid-19 is very influential in all sectors of the world, one of which is the economic aspects and the welfare of workers began to weaken and freelance workers were vacated so that it affected the development of the creative industry that occurred in Sidoarjo City went bankrupt. Therefore the purpose of this study (1) Determine what methods can improve the development of creative industries in the midst of a pandemic in order to increase the income for the City of Sidoarjo, (2). Knowing the forms of welfare implementation of casual daily laborers in Sidoarjo City, (3). Knowing the difference in the welfare improvement of freelance workers before the pandemic and after the pandemic in Sidoarjo City. This study uses a Mix Method with a sample of 10 creative industries and 146 casual workers in the city of  Sidoarjo. The first finding, this study explains that there are four methods it can be used, namely welfare, (2) competition, (3) growth and (4) innovation. Second, the welfare of casual daily workers 60% has not been implemented properly as seen from the fate of casual daily workers who do not have the strength and the means to fight for their fate when a pandemic is affected so that companies in the city of Sidoarjo that are engaged in the creative industry sector are allowed to continue to operate using protocols and SOPs that must be obeyed to reduce the unemployment rate in the city of Sidoarjo because the company is unable to provide wages when workers leave the Work Form Home. Third, a significant difference in which to improve the welfare of freelancers is realized by increasing the climate of high cooperation to be able to increase wages, working conditions, employment relationships, work safety and social security


Abenggi Village, Landono District, Southeast Sulawesi is an agricultural area bordering a forest area with great potential for developing honey bee cultivation. Several farmer groups have cultivated stingless bees, such as Trigona sp. However, this effort is still not optimal because the only product that has been used and can be sold is honey, while other products such as bee bread and propolis are still wasted and unused. The purpose of this activity is raise awareness of farmer group members about the importance of proper harvesting and processing techniques for each bee product and improve community skills in harvesting and processing bee products, especially processing propolis into propolis blocks as a source of health and increasing their income. The method used is a participatory method with the formation of target groups, lectures/discussions, and technical guidance on harvesting and making propolis blocks. Monitoring and evaluating the success of activities using pre-test and post-test methods. The results of the activity: (1) 100% bee farmer group participation, (2) knowledge and skills of group members in harvesting techniques and post-harvest processing of propolis into propolis blocks increased (3) people became aware of propolis processing techniques that are more hygienic, can be stored and sold.


Group-cooperative learning method in computer teaching, based on traditional class teaching style and absorbing its advantages,strengthens objective joining of students.In this style,teaching in class is still a collective activity practiced by both teachers and students,but it should be finished in the process of communicating between teacher-students and students-students.