The essays to be noted briefly are the following: Systemwandel und Theoriendynamik im Volkerrecht, by Professor Konrad Ginther; An International Lawyer Looks at the E.E.C., by Joyce A. C. Gutteridge; Sur la notion de contrat international, by Professor Pierre Lalive; and Of Treaties, by Professor Clive Parry. Ginther's rigorous essay will be of particular interest to political scientists, for he examines the concepts of order and world order, traces contextual changes since World War I, and develops a paradigm for analyzing the process of system change. He relies heavily on Thomas S. Kuhn's influential model of growth in science. Gutteridge convincingly demonstrates how Article 189 is central to the Treaty of Rome as a "peculiar phenomenon . . . which does not fit into any regular pattern of international law o'r federal law" (p. 57, quoting Lipstein), and determines that the delegation of sovereignty under this article makes the EEC's Council and Commission "autonomous legislative organs" (p. 60). Perhaps taking the same cue from Lipstein, Lalive argues that contracts between states and transnational enterprises are a matter of international law in degree determined by context. This refreshing departure from a particularly sterile debate over a priori notions unmasks subtly observed political considerations. Parry also makes a bow to legal indeterminancy. The centerpiece of his essay is an absorbing "historiography of treaties," in the course of which he notes that "though States have regarded treaties as important, and at least initially in some degree binding, they have not regarded them as constituting any particularly distinct category of acts in interstate relations"(p. 232).


This paper describes an analysis and of a turn-off snubber suitable for application in power IGBT circuits. The optimisation procedure limits the transistor temperature rise to an acceptable value (rather than minimising it) and minimises the reset time of the snubber. A simple design procedure is presented for snubber component calculation. The analytical results are verified by simulations and experiments.


Ensembles of parallel nanowires (NWs) consist of the parts from different ferromagnetic metals (for example, FeNi/Co/FeNi) that are obtained by the method of template synthesis. It was shown that such samples could be the sources of electromagnetic emission–irradiation of the terahertz (THz) range. It could be detected when the current passed through the contacts at the sample with these wires. The method of obtaining NWs was proposed (two-bath galvanic technique), and formation of contact layers at the surface (parallel narrow strips of metal) was proposed. The features of these radiation were investigated—its threshold characteristic, its nonthermal origin, and spatial distribution. The calculation was also presented, which demonstrated the possibility of detecting of THz irradiation, using a ensemble of such NWs, included ferromagnetic metal and antiferromagnetic metal.


The attention of this article is focused on the impact that expanding of the usage of information and communication technologies (ICT) has on the economic development of Russian regions. As shown by various authors, the use of ICT ultimately leads to an increase in the factor productivity. Here, we assess to what extent the use of ICT contributes to the growth of economic development efficiency at the regional level, which is interpreted here as labor productivity in certain economic sectors, and measured as output per worker. Panel data analysis for Russian regions covers 2015–2018. The analysis shows that the spread of ICT has a positive effect on labor productivity in both mining and manufacturing, with dividing regions into two groups – 'resource' and 'non-resource' depending on role of the extractive industry in regional economy – when considering labor productivity in mining. It was found that there is a relationship between ICT development indicators and labor productivity, with significant factors being industry and regionally specific. The widespread adoption of ICT has a positive effect on the economic development effectiveness, with a stronger link in the manufacturing, while for the mining the discovered relation was not so clear. Among the factors affecting labor productivity in the mining in 'resource' regions are access to the Internet, the use of 'cloud' services, as well as involvement in research and development; for 'non-resource' regions significant factors are the use of local computer networks, regional ICT subsidies, and the purchase of computing equipment. For the manufacturing, the key factors are access to the Internet, the share of high-tech businesses in the regional economy, the purchase of computing equipment, and the use of the services of third-party organizations and ICT specialists


The present article covers from a qualitative research strategy the trajectories of young students at the moment of graduating from secondary school, their entrance to higher education and the moment of professional insertion as subjective expressions of a new social sector emerging from working classes and made up from the opportunities opened by the market-based education in a new middle class. The objectives are, on the one hand, to characterize the way in which education has served as a guide for the intergenerational transition of these sectors; on the other hand, to get a closer look into the subjective dimension that links the education trajectory of young people with class formation, as a proposal for the understanding of this social sector.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, and concerns a method for stimulating the regenerative processes in ischemic tissues involving administering a culture medium of human fat stromal cells containing VEGF, HGF growth factors, angiopoietin and angiogenin into the patient's body. EFFECT: invention provides stimulating the regenerative processes in ischemic tissues effectively. 1 cl, 10 ex, 11 dwg, 1 tbl


Strand space model is a new cryptographic protocol analysis tool,certification test method which is based on strand space model is a more commonly used method.This article provides an overview of the strand space model theory,and certification testing theory based on strand space model.And we use this theory to formally analyze the CCITT X.509 protocol.We find that this protocol has flaws,and we improve it.


Healthy lifestyle behaviors are important for thalassemic children and adolescents to prevent disease-relatedcomplications and improve quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lifestyle modificationmodule on adherence of children and adolescent suffering from beta-thalassemia major. Design: A quasiexperimental design was utilized to conduct the study. Sampling: A purposive sample comprised of 80children & adolescents with beta thalassemia major. Tools: I-Interviewing questionnaire, II-Childrenadherence tools: It was used to assess children and adolescents' adherence with: (a) Medication (Morisky),(b) Therapeutic regimen (diet, physical exercise, and follow up). (c) Levels of perceived stress, (d) Sleepquality domains and developed intervention lifestyle modifications module.Results: This study revealed that more than three quarter had satisfactory knowledge about s-TM postlifestyle modification module implementation and the majority of children and adolescents with s-TM wereadherent to taking medicines yesterday post module implementation.Conclusion: There were significant improvements of knowledge and adherence of the studied children andadolescents with s-TM to therapeutic regimen post the lifestyle modification module application and therewere positive correlations between all variables of the studied children and adolescents with s-TM.


When the Age of Discovery was coming,Zhangzhou was developed as an international trade port.The foreign trade of chinaware in Zhangzhou also developed prosperously.Kilnmen wrote down the boat image on inland river and shallow water,the image of Chinese style shipping carrack and western carrack,and the historical facts of world fashionable Clark porcelain by Zhangzhou kiln,Thus the collision and exchange of east and west marine cultural was expounded with the same time historical events.


The principle of nuclear magnetic resonance, well known in physics, physical chemistry as well as in medicine, has now successfully adapted to measurements at the Earth's surface to assess the existence of groundwater and aquifer parameters. This new geophysical technique of Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SNMR) in the last 10 years or so has already passed the experimental stage to become a valuable tool in hydrogeophysical investigations. Function, results, interpretation, advantages and drawbacks of the method are reviewed in this paper, showing the current state of art and developments. Basically, in SNMR the response of excited hydrogen protons is measured in terms of relaxation strength and time yielding the water content and pore sizes of the subsurface. The hydrogen protons of water, being magnetic dipoles of spinning charges, are excited with magnetic fields at Larmor frequency using large loops and different pulse moments. Subsequently, the protons relax their precession around the Earth's field and their magnetic field is measured with the same loop. A comprehensive example of SNMR is presented with measurements conducted at the site of Nauen near Berlin. The site has Quaternary aquifers with differing layering of sand and till. The results are very satisfying as aquifers down to 50 m depth can be identified quite reliably, the water content is estimated with a high degree of accuracy and relaxation times allowed us to derive hydraulic conductivities. Supplementary measurements with geoelectrics and radar are made possible to confirm the information achieved with SNMR as well as a joint multimethod approach to aquifer assessment.


The invention relates to a method of communicating a terminal (10) with a server (14), the terminal comprising an application and a computer program capable of communicating with the server (14). This method comprises: - a step of sending (42) a request (RLoc) by the application (26) to the program (34), and- a obtaining step (44), by the program (34) from the application (26) data (DAutor) necessary for the program (34) communicates with the server (14), so as to allow the execution of the request.


Background  In white blood cells (WBC), the increase in glucose utilization is a prominent feature during immune response and this depends on the function of specific glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms. The objective was to examine the effects of activation by Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and insulin on the expression of GLUT isoforms in all subpopulations of WBC.


This paper presents experimental results about the relationship between the Footprint Of Uncertainty (FOU) and the centroid of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Numbers (IT2FN) which are a subclass of Type-2 fuzzy numbers. Four types of IT2FNs are analyzed: singleton-core triangular, interval-core triangular, singleton-core Gaussian and interval-core Gaussian IT2FNs. A quadratic relationship was detected, characterized, and their results are presented and discussed using numerical experiments.


Today, battery-life is a major design concern for all portable devices ranging from cell phones to PDAs and portable game consoles. The purpose of this tutorial will be to give an overview of power management techniques that are applicable to multimedia applications running on such battery-operated portable devices. In particular, we will discuss a host of techniques, some of which are applicable to audio processing applications, some to video processing, and the others to interactive 3D game applications. The tutorial will be helpful to students, researchers, application developers and engineers who have a background in traditional real-time multimedia applications and would like to get an overview of the important issues and solutions pertaining to using and developing power management techniques for the multimedia domain.


Primary Examiner-Paul F. Shaver 57 ABSTRACT What is disclosed is a process for converting polydior ganosiloxanes to cyclopolydiorganosiloxanes with re duced cleavage of organic groups from silicon atoms. The process comprises (A) feeding a mixture of the polydiorganosiloxanes, a catalyst, and an organic sol vent to a device in which water is formed as the polydi organosiloxanes react in the presence of the catalyst and the organic solvent, the water formed being driven out of said device as a two-phase organic solvent/water azeotrope; (B) reacting the polydiorganosiloxane/catalyst/organic solvent mixture from (A), essentially free of water, to convert the polydiorganosiloxanes to the desired product cyclopolydiorganosiloxanes; and (C) recovery of the desired product cyclopolydior ganosiloxanes.


Micro-cantilever-based infrared focal plane array is the key technology to be reckoned with in uncooled infrared imaging system based on MEMS.Thermo-mechanical response of the cantilever as a function of thickness ratio between Al and SiNx films for thickness of SiNx film is 0.5 μm.In this paper,the author analyzes thermo-mechanical performance on micro-cantilever,and discusses selection of micro-cantilever's materials.


India's high profile animal rights activist and former minister for welfare Ms Maneka Gandhi has been removed from her position as chairwoman of the government's Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals.

The committee had earned the wrath of Indian scientific researchers over recent years for its approach to animals in scientific research and for its "raids" on both government and private laboratories ( BMJ 2002;325:1192).

The committee—which gives permission to registered institutions to carry out animal …


In this article, a practicing planner looks back instead of forward. This five‐year "postcast" of General Electric's strategic planning process from 1971 to 1976 focuses on the results of strategic leadership and corporate resource allocation in a large diversified enterprise.


The world economic crisis is causing a crisis in democratic values on Northern societies dealing with the migratory phenomenon. States in Europe and the United States increasingly perceive migration as something to get rid off when it is no longer useful or profitable. The migrants' human rights are sacrificed in the altar of national security, public order and economic recession. In the name of sovereignty, States apply migratory policies that go against the rights of migrant populations who are subjected to deportation and denied the basic right of being heard by an independent and impartial judge. This article's main goal is to show that when a State fails to respect and guarantee human rights, people can resort to international protection systems that try to revert state decisions that were based on discriminatory migratory policies and go against human dignity. Keywords: Migration; Deportations; Inter-American Human Rights System; Migratory PolicyDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/encuentro.v43i88.455 Encuentro 2011/ Ano XLIII, N° 88, 72-85


Abstract : Investigation was undertaken to measure heat exchange between man and his environment.. The radiant temperatures of both man and his surroundings and of any incident solar radiation were observed. The most recent instruments developed specifically to meet these needs are the wide range Thermistor Radiometer and the Panradiometer. The Thermistor Radiometer measures a wide range of environmental radiant temperature in extremes of normal occurring ambient temperature as well as skin temperature. The instrument is capable of an accuracy of + or - 0.05 C and has been used in ambients of -50 C to +30 C for the measurement of radiant temperatures within + or - 135 C of the ambient. The Panradiometer is constructed to measure the net heat exchange between man and his environment together with a description of the environment in terms of solar radiation, average radiant temperature of the surroundings in sun and in shade, and wind temperature and velocity, all in absolute physical units suitable for computations of the heat load on the individual. The design of this instrument is advantageous in that about 99% of the solar radiation lies at wavelengths less than 3 microns and about the same proportion of the radiation from man to his surroundings at wave-lengths longer than 4 microns.


It is well known that the resolution of Maxwell equations may provide large dense matrices, being thus a computer intensive problem. Even small problems require a huge amount of memory to manipulate matrices during the O(N3) involved operations.


In article devouted the basic problems of development and introduction strategy formation mechanism, mechanism of enterprise management, enterprise development mechanism. Need proved introduction to the enterprise the management mechanism of the strategy development. Scientifically proven mechanism of management of the strategic development of the company allocated its main parts, which can exist and function independently or be used in a single control system. Determined that the mechanism of strategic development management company should be considered in the complex relationship of structural subsystems mechanism as a mechanism for strategy formation mechanism and management mechanism of pidpryyemstva.Dlya partial implementation mechanisms necessary to apply such controls as principles are divided into universal and special ; levers, organizational, economic, organizational and legal, social and psychological; Instruments: technical, legal, financial, information and analysis.


The current study aimed to identify the relationship of statistical research to the effect of concentration and attention and their relation to the accuracy of the performance of the spike and rotation of the volleyball of the sample of the research, which was subjected to the test of the impact of concentration and attention to volleyball and the skill test dealt with the study. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research, where the study was conducted on a sample of students of the second stage in the Faculty of Physical Education / Karbala University for the academic year 2017 (2018) and represent the age group (20 - 22) years, the number of (60) students, (80%) of the original research community were selected by random method. The researcher used the following statistical means (Percentage, mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient - Pearson). The researchers concluded that the concentration and attention test showed a significant correlation in the spike test and the volleyball deception. Keywords: Focus and attention, He spike of rotation, The spike of deceit and volleyball.


Fenoprofen calcium (2,400 mg/day) or aspirin (3,900 mg/day) was administered in double‐blind fashion to 20 rheumatoid patients during 6 months of gold induction therapy, and to 20 rheumatoid patiellts not receiving gold. Among both the gold‐treated and nongold‐treated patients, the fenoprofen and aspirin groups improved equally in all but one parameter of disease activity. Fenoprofen and aspirin did not differ significantly in the observed prevalences of abdominal discomfort, guaiac‐positive stools, or peptic ulcers. Aspirin was associated with significantly higher mean serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels than fenoprofen, but only among patients undergoing gold induction. Comparison of efficacy parameters between patients treated with gold and patients treated with oral drugs alone revealed significant differences famring gold.


Real estate is becoming an increasingly frequent object of active management activities, and one of the developing trends is property management in accordance with the Facility Management (FM) guidelines. The aim of this article is to present the guidelines, potential benefits and the barriers for integrating the FM concept with the method of construction management based on digital building information modelling (BIM). Modern property management needs coordinating a complicated flow of information and managing a large set of data, also those created at the stage of designing and construction of a structure. A model developed in accordance with the BIM principles, properly adapted, may be a very valuable support for the use of a building and for the practice of property management in accordance with the FM concept.


The utility model provides a closed cycle water cultivating pond based on environmental protection, in particular to an intensive and healthy cultivating production facility for cultivating seawater and freshwater fish and shrimps in a closed cycle water pond, belonging to the technical fields of aquaculture and environmental protection. The utility model provides an on-line cycle pure water miniflow pond cultivating system formed among a pond, a helical-flow-cap shape central pollution absorption port, a short-distance precipitation elongated slot and an overflow inclined plane by taking the flow as the carrier. The shallow layer precipitation principle, an activated sludge adsorption regeneration principle and a photochemistry catalytic oxidation principle are used to purify sewage; after on-line cycle purification and updating, cultivating water naturally reflows and is closed for cycle use. The closed cycle water cultivating pond has the advantages of simple and compact structure, less occupation, less energy consumption, simple and feasible operation management, no fishing medicine, no water draining and no pond washing, therefore, the water source is saved, and the economic benefit and environmental protection benefit are obvious.


This study aimed to identify the relationship between Metacognitive thinking and tactical performance of fencing players. The researchers employed a descriptive method by using survey method in a sample of (29) fencers chosen according to the selectively intended and classified method from high standard players who participated in Egypt Cup 1 for epee public stage during the 2017/2018 season. (7) For survey, (22) for basic study. The basic sample was comprised of (12) males and (10) females, the researchers used the Arabic version of Metacognitive thinking scale presented by Jarrah and Obaidat (2011), which consists of (3) component (regulation of cognition, knowledge about cognition and knowledge processing), the most important results was that male and female fencers achieved a high level in Metacognitive thinking and its component (Regulation of cognition, Cognition processing), while they achieved a moderate level in (Knowledge about cognition), there are no statistically significant differences between male and female fencers in Metacognitive thinking and Tactical performance, the correlation coefficient is a statistically significant between the offensive tactical performance and the (Regulation of cognition, Cognition processing, the total degree of Metacognitive thinking), the Defensive tactical performance and the (Knowledge about cognition, the total degree of Metacognitive thinking), the overall degree of Tactical performance and all components of Metacognitive thinking.


Objective To study the effects of dexamethasone and growth hormone releasing hormone on fetal rat pituitary somatotroph differentiation. Methods Us ing immunocytochemical and radioimmunological techniques, the optimal concentra tion and time course of glucocorticoid induction of growth hormone(GH) cells in primary cultures of rat embryonic pituitary cells, the regulation of somatotroph differentiation and growth hormone secretion by corticosterone and GH-releasing hormone during embryonic development were experimentally studied. Results In primary culture of rat fetal somatotroph, the amount of somatotroph and GH secr etion depended on dexamethasone concentration reached an optimal value of 50 nmo l/L(P 0.01). Dexamethasone increased the number of GH cells and GH secretion w ithin 16 h; at 48 h, dexamethasone further increased somatotrophs and GH secreti on. The combination of corticosterone and growth hormone releasing hormone(GHRH) was significantly more effective than corticosterone alone in inducing somatotr oph differentiation, but only the highest concentration (10-7 mol/L) of GHRH was tested (P 0.01). Conclusions Glucocorticoids may function as a requisite sig nal for induction of the final stages of somatotroph differentiation from cells that are already committed to this lineage. Dexamethasone and GHRH can interact at specific stages of embryonic development to regulate somatotroph differentiat ion and GH secretion.


The RT-32 radio telescope at Irbene has been used in the VLBI experiments for studying the ionosphere by its transradiation with the signals from Navstar GPS and GLONASS satellites. The VLBI station at Irbene is equipped with a modular receiver system operating on 1.6 GHz and consisting of off-the-shelf RF components (Mini Circuits Ltd.). In the secondary focus of RT-32 a four-helix antenna array is installed. The implemented receiver system has successfully been employed in the experiments as a part of multi-element radiointerferometer, with interferometric echoes registered from all the observed satellites.


The ability of graphene to resist the chemical transformations caused by chemisorption of several environmental and technological chemical agents (H2, O2, H2O, H2O2) was studied using DFT ab initio calculations of potential energy surfaces of adsorption on perfect and defect (single vacancy and Stone–Wales defect) graphene with zero and finite curvature. Beside the evident result that structural imperfections such as curvature and atomic defects make graphene chemically vulnerable, it was found that the two kinds of impact of vacancies and Stone–Wales defects on the chemical stability of a sp2‐hybridized carbon lattice are essentially different. In the latter case, chemisorption barriers for any kind of chemical agents decrease with increasing curvature but, in the case of single vacancies the finite curvature lowers the adsorption probability for oxygen‐based molecules. In general, it was shown that single‐layered graphene could be used as an effective protecting coating against environmental and technological chemical agents.


Precision adaptive subband coding is an audio coding method that allows a high-quality audio signal to be coded at a low bit rate. Basic design considerations, subjective testing for system improvement, a performance comparison, and the final implementation in integrated electronics are described. >


DURING the last thirty years, numerous experiments in connection with dental caries have been conducted in different countries in the world with the white rat, the cotton rat, and the golden hamster. Only the white rat, bred from imported stock, has been used in South Africa, because the cotton rat and the hamster are not indigenous to the country and they are difficult to obtain. For this reason the question of using other South African indigenous rats, in which the coarse, hard particle is not necessary to initiate caries, was investigated. The research officer in charge of the plague research laboratory attached to the Union Health Department suggested that the white-tailed rat, Mystromys albicaudatus (Smith), might answer the purpose. A number -of these rats were accordingly made available by this laboratory for experimental dental caries research. Mystromys albicaudatus is a gray, white-tailed rat, about the size of the golden hamster (Fig. 1). It is a nocturnal, solitary, burrowing rodent, which is widely but sparsely distributed throughout the high veld of the Transvaal, Orange Free State, Natal, and along the coastal belt of the Cape in South Africa. It is the only known representative of the subfamily Cricetinae in Africa; its nearest allies appear to be the hamster of Europe and Asia, but it may be more closely related to certain South American cricetines (Ellerman,2 1941). It breeds slowly, but steadily in-captivity. Females bear their first litters between the ages of 5 and 8 months; the number in each litter averages 3, most of which survive to weaning. Litters are born to mated pairs every five to six weeks; some individual females have produced as many as 27 litters in a lifetime. Unlike the golden hamster, it has no cheek pouches. Its dental formula is the same as that of the white rat, but the molars differ from those of the latter, in that there are no deep grooves running across the ocelusal surface buccolingually. The grooves are short and deep and are situated on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the crown (Figs. 2 and 3).


The problem of the civil enterprises'tax evasion is getting more and more serious.In our paper,in accordance with the risk preference of individuals,3 models are set up within binate relations,i.e.,between the enterprise,between enterprises and the taxation department,and between officials of taxation department as well as legal system of the government and society at large.The following conclusion,are drawn:the optimal policy choices of the private enterprises,which are in the same position yet with different preferences;investigation probability strategy options of the taxation authorities,which inspect the private enterprises of different preferences of the operators,response strategies of taxation authorities in the face of the law enforcement agencies of the authorities and the community's supervision and penalization.


Modified Kramers-Kronig relations and corresponding sum rules are shown to hold for the total refractive index that can be presented as a sum of complex linear and nonlinear refractive indices, respectively. It is suggested that a self-action process, involving the degenerate third-order nonlinear susceptibility, can yield a negative total refractive index at some spectral range.


A class of spacetimes with the mildest true classical singularities is shown to be quantum mechanically singular as well. These static quasiregular spacetimes with dislocations and disclinations are quantum-mechanically singular since the spatial portion of the wave operator is not essentially self-adjoint and thus the evolution of a test quantum wave packet is not uniquely determined by the initial wave function.


It is considered application of gas ejectors in output unit of aircrafts. Analysis of gas ejectors designs is carried out.


This paper reports on an innovative scheme involving the placement of spot treatments within a local traffic area. The aims of the scheme are to reduce traffic speeds and through traffic volumes and to provide a much safer and more pleasant living environment. The treatments placed are conventional ones such as roundabouts and new types such as angled single lane, angled double lane, driveway link, driveway entry, entry divider, road humps and intersection remodel. Thirty four treatments were installed in two stages along ten streets in the area spaced so as to keep vehicle speeds to the 40 km/h speed limit. All types of treatments are effective as regards traffic speed reductions and traffic speeds have decreased significantly in all streets especially Goldsworthy Road. Travel times in all treated streets have increased by over 50 per cent. Traffic flows have decreased by 40 per cent in Goldsworthy Road and 24 per cent in Goulburn Avenue but the changes in other streets have not been so significant. The amount of through traffic using Goldsworthy road and Vermont Avenue has decreased significantly. The majority of residents are in favour of the various types of treatments and favour their retention. Non-resident drivers are in favour of roundabouts and road humps but not of other treatments to the same extent. (Author/TRRL)


This study aims to measure the level of efficiency and productivity of the amil zakat institution in Indonesia.  This research is a quantitative research using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) methods. There are six institutions of amil zakat (LAZ in Indonesia, namely Yayasan Dana Sosial Al-Falah (YDSF), Al-Azhar Peduli Ummat, Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT), Yayasan Rumah Yatim Arrohman Indonesia , Pos Kemanusiaan Peduli Ummat (PKPU), and Rumah Zakat Indonesia with 2014 - 2016 annual data as the number of DMUs (desicion making units). This study uses an intermediation approach in determining the variables. The input variables of this research are Collected Funds (X1), Total Costs (X2), and Amil Receipts (X3), while the output variables are Funds Disbursed (Y1), and Total Assets (Y2).  There were two LAZ s that experienced inefficiencies in 2014 and 2015, namely LAZ YDSF and ACT. Meanwhile, in 2016, all LAZ have achieved optimal levels of efficiency. The results of the MPI analysis show that in the first year there were two LAZs that experienced a decline in productivity, namely LAZ Al-Azhar and PKPU. The other four LAZ s experienced increased productivity, namely LAZ YDSF, ACT, Rumah Yatim, and Rumah Zakat. In the second year, there were three LAZ s who experienced increased productivity, namely LAZ Al-Azhar, PKPU, and Rumah Zakat. Meanwhile, three other LAZ experienced a decrease in productivity, namely LAZ YDSF, ACT, and Rumah Yatim. Keywords: Efficiency, Productivity, LAZ, DEA, MPI


Motivated by the advent of new information and communication technologies, many changes are taking place in higher education. These changes require teachers to play new roles and, in so doing, acquire new skills and knowledge. The Ž rst four papers in this issue explore some of the possibilitie s that new technologies are bringing about. The opening paper discusses some of the issues involved in being an online tutor supporting students who are following electronic courses that are delivered using the Internet. It describes the basic principles involved in online tutoring and identiŽ es some of the important technical skills that tutors need to have. The following paper, by Shirley Bennett and Debra Marsh continues this theme. They describe their experiences in preparing 'new' online tutors for the roles they will play within an online electronic learning community. Their case study outlines the nature of the training given to potential online tutors and how the effectiveness of this was evaluated. The results of their evaluation suggest that the 'online teaching practice may be the single most important element of the training and development process'.


515 Background: Our aim was to define the role of complete excision and the value of minimal margin on the local control in breast conserving surgery (BCT). Methods: Between 1973 and 2002, 4,832 pa...


This paper re-examines Ricardo's argument on machinery in the light of Samuelson's recent attempt to add new force to the long stream of its interpretations. This attempt is partly criticised and partly re-utilised to produce a new reconstruction of that argument. This reconstruction is carried out by disentangling the long-run effects of inventions from the short-run effects of the conversion of circulating into fixed capital; and by arguing that both Ricardo II (the author of the machinery chapter) and Ricardo I (the author of the 'previous opinion') are right. The paper also argues that the phenomena of technological unemployment and of changes in technical coefficients, however implicit, do not constitute the core of Ricardo's argument. These conclusions are reached on the basis of the theoretical implications of the classical distinctions between value and wealth, and between free capital (wages fund) and invested capital.


JETIR2103327 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 2605 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CUTTING FORCES IN FACE MILLING OF EN-31 STEEL BY USING TAGUCHI MECHOD Mr. MD ANWAR BASHA, Mr. Tota Giri Kesava 1 M.Tech (Advanced Manufacturing Systems), 2 M.Tech, M.I.E, M.I.S.T.E 1,2 Mechanical Engineering Department, 1,2 SKD Engineering College, Gooty, India. Abstract :


Automated algorithm selection and hyperparameter tuning facilitates the application of machine learning. Traditional multi-armed bandit strategies look to the history of observed rewards to identify the most promising arms for optimizing expected total reward in the long run. When considering limited time budgets and computational resources, this backward view of rewards is inappropriate as the bandit should look into the future for anticipating the highest final reward at the end of a specified time budget. This work addresses that insight by introducing HAMLET, which extends the bandit approach with learning curve extrapolation and computation time-awareness for selecting among a set of machine learning algorithms. Results show that the HAMLET Variants 1-3 exhibit equal or better performance than other bandit-based algorithm selection strategies in experiments with recorded hyperparameter tuning traces for the majority of considered time budgets. The best performing HAMLET Variant 3 combines learning curve extrapolation with the well-known upper confidence bound exploration bonus. That variant performs better than all non-HAMLET policies with statistical significance at the 95% level for 1,485 runs.


The primary aim of this project was to assess vegetation changes in the Sabah Al‐Ahmad Nature Reserve, Kuwait, which is a war‐affected area following the Iraqi invasion in 1990. After the liberation in 1991, several portions of the reserve were under a restoration program. Remote sensing has been used as a tool to assess vegetation and land cover changes. We studied the feasibility of three common methods—the Mahalanobis distance (MD), maximum likelihood (ML), and support vector machine (SVM)—for classification of the multispectral imagery (Landsat) and hyperspectral (Hyperion). The reserve was also compared to the demilitarized zone (DMZ) located at Umm Nigga at the northern border of Kuwait, as it had recovered naturally, to distinguish between an autogenic recovery and a restored area. We discovered that the location was damaged during the military occupation, but a rapid recovery of the vegetation was then recorded in the reserve after the war from less than 1% measured in 1991 to 42% in 1998. Then, the vegetation cover significantly decreased in 2002 (26%) and slightly increased in 2013 (28%). We found that similar rapid increase in vegetation cover occurred in most parts of the reserve that was under the restoration program, and in the DMZ, which was naturally recovered. We concluded that remote sensing technologies are helpful tools in understanding the process of vegetation recovery as it provides information on location and timing of recovery, particularly where optimal condition exists.


Abstract : In 1950 an experimental relief well system was installed along the land-side toe of the Mississippi River main-line levee at Trotters (Levee Mile 54), Miss., by the U. S. Army Engineer District, Memphis, to provide a facility for investigating (a) control of underseepage by means of relief wells, and (b) performance of relief wells over an extended period of time. This report (Appendix J) presents a description of well cleaning operations and pumping tests conducted in 1965. The well pumping test data are analyzed to compare the yields of the pump-tested wells with the yields obtained after installation. Photographs of well screens obtained in 1967 with the borehole TV camera are included to show the condition of the interiors of several selected wells.


The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between prosocial behaviors, empathy, and positive psychological change in women who have experienced pregnancy loss. Women who had experienced miscarriage or stillbirth (n = 291) were recruited via social media and completed an online survey that assessed their engagement in in-person or online prosocial behavior, empathy, and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Loss context factors and demographics were also collected. The results indicated that women who engage in in-person prosocial behavior, such as volunteering, report higher levels of PTG compared to those who do not volunteer at all or only volunteer online. A weak positive relationship was found between PTG and empathy. Findings suggest that encouraging clients to engage in in-person volunteering may foster their experience of growth. Future research is needed to further explore the timing of the volunteering in relation to PTG as well as empathy and PTG.


Using the framework of Acker's (1990, 2012) theory of gendered organizations, this study constructs and then deconstructs the notion of the ideal scientist. This is done by identifying the discourses and practices that guide the process of becoming a scientist or mathematician. Data collected from 15 participants via semi-structured interviews focused on identifying and describing the work involved in choosing to become a scientist or mathematician by exploring participant experiences in K-12 education and then day-to-day higher education studies. The findings suggest that the notion of an ideal scientist is defined according to masculine discourses such as independence and ability as fixed. Notions of an ideal scientist created expectations that were described as challenging by women student participants who reported being reluctant to speak up in class and feared confirming stereotypes.


This paper presents some lessons learned and experience gained in Requirements Management (RM) utilizing a computer-based tool in conjunction with a Configuration Management process and with the oversight of a Project Configuration Control Board. Computer-based RM tools should help facilitate systems engineering on large complex system development projects. But, sometimes, the drive to either develop tools or purchase Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) RM tools early in the life of a project is often done without a thorough understanding of the process, environment, or culture in which the tools will be used. The individual or group responsible for tool procurement are often not the same as those that will have to manage the tools as part of an overall systems engineering process. Those who are responsible for procuring the tool sometimes get caught up in the flexibility and number of features the tool provides (i.e., typical vendor selection criteria checklists), only to find out later that the flexibility which the final tool choice has must be severely constrained, in order to manage and report the requirements and their dependencies to the Project Configuration Control Board. Even though taken from actual experience, the specifics of the actual projects used as a model and the computer-based tool names have been deliberately removed from this paper to better focus on the issues addressed in the paper.


As depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer continues, the biosphere will most likely be exposed to higher levels of ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) irradiation (290–320nm). For plants, damage from UV‐B can occur at several molecular targets with the photosynthetic apparatus being especially vulnerable. We are interested both in the mechanisms of UV‐B‐induced damage and identifying adaptation processes that can confer protection from UV‐B. Toward this end, Brassica napus (oil seed rape) plants grown under visible light plus a low level of UV‐B radiation (adapted plants) were compared to plants grown under visible light alone (control plants). Relative to the control plants, the adapted plants showed little evidence of damage at the levels of morphology or photosynthesis, indicating that B. napus has some tolerance of UV‐B and that the plants may have protection mechanisms. Consistent with this, a strong UV‐B adaptation process was observed in the plants‐accumulation of flavonoids in the epidermis. These pigments seemed to screen a molecular target in the mesophyll. Namely, the D1 photosystem II reaction center protein, which is rapidly degraded in UV‐B, was partially protected from degradation in UV‐B in the adapted plants. Moreover, the extent that the half‐life of the D1 protein increased in the adapted plants was on par with the elevation in total flavonoid concentrations. These experiments demonstrate that degradation of the D1 protein can be used as an in vivo assay of penetration of UV‐B photons to the mesophyll.


A golf ball including a core and a cover layer, wherein the golf ball has a lift to weight ratio greater than about 1.7 at a Reynolds number of about 207,000 and a non-dimensional spin ratio of about 0.095, a COR of 0.790 or less, and a weight of about 1.39 to 1.62 oz; and wherein the cover layer has an outer surface including dimples covering 55% to 75% of the outer surface.


i * While the potential for scouring of a river bed during an ice jam event has often been cited as a cause for concern in association with pipeline crossings, bridge piers and other hydraulic structures, almost nothing is known about the subject. Significant changes in the river bed might also influence the formation of the jam itself and the water levels that result. This paper describes preliminary flume experiments to examine the effects of a floating accumulation of ice on a movable bed channel. The experiments consisted of establishing a uniform free-surface open; channel flow just below the threshold of bed motion, and then installing artificial ice jams of assumed geometries and monitoring the resulting scour patterns.


A bulk liquid dispensing system includes a plurality of dispensing devices for each dispensing a respective type of bulk liquid. Each device includes a primary tank of bulk liquid communicating with a nozzle for dispensing into a reusable container which may be provided by a customer. A secondary portable tank is interchangeably connected above the primary tank to ensure continued dispensing of liquid even as the secondary tank is interchanged. A payment system associates a debit amount with a dispensed fluid from each device resulting from a user selection and a cumulative total of the debit amounts is collected from the customer in a single transaction. The devices can be operated to dispense liquid in response to input of an identification code which is generated when the user prepays, for example through a web interface, a mobile application, a point of sale tool, or a tablet application.


Originality/value: This chapter for the first time examines how the association between education and premarital cohabitation changes over time across different marriage cohorts and whether the diffusion process has happened like what has been observed in Western countries. The findings suggest that China is developing different patterns and trends of demographic changes because of its unique institutional and cultural context.


In the matter of the fact-finding between the Bemus Point Central School District, employer, and the Bemus Point Faculty Association, union. PERB case no. M2014-142. Before: Donna R. Beal, fact finder.


Aeronautical engineering never stopped decreasing the number of technical crewmembers in commercial aircraft since the 1950s. Today, a new challenge has to be taken: single pilot operations (SPO). SPO consist of flying a commercial aircraft with only one technical crewmember in the cockpit, assisted by advanced onboard systems and ground operators providing flying support services. This next move is motivated by cost reduction, and must satisfy the same or better level of safety currently guaranteed with two-crewmen cockpit. This is a human-centered design (HCD) problem where decision-makers have to take risks. This paper presents an approach to risk taking in systems engineering. This approach is illustrated by the presentation of the difficult problem of SPO HCD, and the underlying function allocation problem. 1 Human-Centered Design Institute, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, FL 32901, U.S.A email@example.com


4-(4-Iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine,a key intermediate in the synthesis of Crizotinib,was synthesized from 4-chloropyridine hydrochloride in overall yield of 67.2%.The process includes a nucleophilic substitution of 4-chloropyridine hydrochloride with 1H-pyrazole,followed by hydrogenation of the pyridine moiety in the presence of Rh/C-20A and subsequent iodination of the pyrazole in the presence of iodine/hydrogen peroxide(I2/H2O2).


We present an exploratory study for identification of sex differences in imaging biomarkers that could further refine selection of patients for acute reperfusion therapy and trials based on sex and imaging targets.


POEGMA-b-PAA comb-like polymer is synthesized through RAFT polymerization, and it is employed as an efficient dispersant for Al2O3 suspensions. The POEGMA-b-PAA polymer consists of PAA chains and POEGMA comb-like chains. The former provide electrostatic attraction between Al2O3 particles and polymer, while the latter extend to solution and maintain the stability of suspension due to strong steric hindrance. The adsorption is proven and the rheology behaviors of Al2O3 suspensions are strongly improved. Different POEGMA-b-PAA polymers with different length of side chains have similar but not identical rheological properties. The polymer with the appropriate length of side chain provides the biggest improvement to rheological properties of Al2O3 suspensions, such as apparent viscosity and granularity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43352.


Using selfdesigned measuring facility of mercury formation in flue gas from fuel coal, an experimental study on mercury emission and control has been carried out on a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler firing stone coal. Results of experiment show that the electric precipitator (EP)has certain control effect for mercury emission, the mercury content in flue gas after EP is obviously lower than that before EP, the variation of mercury formation distribution in flue gas after EP being comparatively large. The mercury discharged into atmosphere is mainly mercury in single substance state. After adding limestone into fuel coal, transformation of gaseous state mercury into solid state meicury in the flue gas has occurred, being helpful for alleviating mercury.


Network communications, despite being encrypted, leak crucial information via side channels. WiFi networks are more prone to such side-channel attacks since any attacker within the network's range can passively eavesdrop the channel. With the increasing number of smart home devices and sensors connecting to private WiFi networks, it is essential to understand the inadvertent information leakage through WiFi side-channels. Our work demonstrates how fine-granular information on the activities happening inside a house can be inferred by passively monitoring WiFi network traffic. In particular, we were able to correctly classify various user interactions with simple IoT devices such as smart bulbs or power sockets as well as advanced voice-based intelligent assistants.


462 ©2014 Society for Biomaterials strength, respectively. Therefore, we expect that the dual enzymatic crosslinking system can be very useful for the development of tissue adhesive hydrogels. References: [1] Teixeira M, et al. Biomaterials. 2012;33:1281-1290. [2] Lee Y, et al. J Mater Chem B. 2013;1:2407-2414. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the NRF funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2005-2000113). Abstract #462 ©2014 Society for Biomaterials462 ©2014 Society for Biomaterials


Haverholme was always a local treasure to me as a child so it was lovely to have the opportunity to take some photos of Sarah & Neal there. Perfect Add to the day some fantastic friends & family, add beautiful bridal wear from Love & Lace...


A single-step sonochemical procedure to synthesize hybrid vanadium oxide/polyaniline nanowires starting from crystalline V 2 O 5 and aniline in aqueous medium is presented. The synthesis explores the effect of high power ultrasounds on heterogeneous solid-aqueous phases, which leads to 30 nm width wires of 5 to 10 μm in length. Monomer intercalation and oxidative polymerization within the inorganic matrix proceed simultaneously with morphological changes. The electronic conductivity of hybrid nanowires reaches 0.8 S·cm -1 at room temperature.


The level of soil pollution and deterioration was investigated in two auto-mechanic villages (Bukan Sidi and New Garage) within Lafia metropolis of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Physicochemical parameters were analysed based on standard protocols. Total organic carbon in the mechanic villages was higher than in the control site; the highest was 1.58% at 0-10 cm depths of the two mechanic sites. Available phosphorus was 5.27±0.085 on the average ranging from 4.57 ppm to 6.02 ppm with significant differences across locations (F=14541.65, P=0.000). Magnesium was the lowest among all inorganic elements (0.05±0.008) with its maximum value at New garage. Phosphorus, potassium, sodium and calcium recorded highest mean values at Bukan sidi. The mean sodium at 0-10 cm depth of Bukan Sidi (0.32±0.003) was the highest recorded in three locations. The concentrations of all elements in soils of the two mechanic sites are significantly higher than those in the control site. Soil exchangeable acidity (EA) values in the mechanic villages are very low compared to the control sit; it ranged from 0.3 to 0.83 Meq/100 g. Bukan Sidi had the highest mean C.E.C of 2.85±0.003 at 20-30 cm depth. Significant differences exist in the distribution of soil particles across locations (P


Principles of Islam advocate risk distribution and prohibit speculative activities. Therefore, financial derivatives under Islamic Sharia would achieve hedging in the true sense and could be applied more effectively to reduce risks and speculation. With the increased complexities of financial capital markets, effective financial instruments are required and Islamic financial derivatives may be the answer to averting a similar global financial crisis in the future. Based on various schools of thought and fiqh in Islam, we provide a critique of Islamic Sharia tenets in relation to conventional derivative instruments. We also illustrate how conventional financial derivatives may be integrated into Islamic finance an existing model. The key challenge for Islamic finance is agreement on a universal set of Islamic laws, regulations and principles that are acceptable across all the sects of Islam. As it is there is a non-consolidation of fatwas and a lack of a common Islamic jurisprudence.Our review highlights that the problem lies in the non-acceptance of a universally acceptable Islamic conceptual framework and not in the lack of financial engineering capability.


The combination of the flow injection method with chemiluminescence (CL) detection is becoming increasingly important in various fields because of its high sensitivity,rapidity and feasibility.A review with 18 references is given on the development of the flow injection chemiluminescence analysis,and the application and research advance of the method is discussed.


This article introduced a new kind polarizer applied in the field of laser high efficiency polarizers' transmission light. Using the principle that when light pass through the parallel, homogenous media, it will move parallel, the relationship between the prism's parameters and the ratio of scaling to blooming the beam is deduced, as well as the design formula of the prism. The Brewster angle of incidence enables the prism has the best transmittance. The shear difference will be adjusted by changing the length of the prism, so that we can achieve the purpose of scaling or blooming the beam.


Landslides are a major hazard in mountainous regions, represent a threat to human life, and cause substantial economic costs. While some landslide hazard assessments, including hazards maps, are available for Germany, their spatial coverage is not uniform. In the Black Forest, several landslides have recently attracted public attention, but the landslide hazard in this region has received limited consideration in literature to date. This study focuses on the spatial pattern and size distribution of soil‐borne landslides in the submountainous valley of Menzenschwand. A combination of remote sensing, geophysical surveying, and geotechnical testing was used to map and characterize the landslide inventory of two selected hillslopes. In the statistical analyses, we observe a larger proportion of small‐scale landslides with size below 100 m2 than usually reported in similar studies. This effect may be related to the low cohesion of the soil (glacial deposits). As a major result, a cutoff in the distribution at large landslide sizes compared with the expected power‐law tail of the distribution was found. While the maximum landslide size found in this study was about 1100 m2, the largest landslide should theoretically be at least 2500 m2 at 95% probability. The cutoff at large sizes is probably due to the limited soil thickness, where about 50% of the considered area has a depth to bedrock of 1 m or less. For the considered location, this result suggests that an increase in frequency and intensity of rainstorms should predominantly result in an increase of landslide frequency, but without increasing the size of the largest landslides. As a more general implication, the contribution of large landslides to the total hazard may be overestimated if soil thickness is not considered, in particular if the present‐day hazard is projected to future scenarios.


On the background of revitalizing the old industrial bases,this paper puts forward that government should rationally choose own behavior from the surface of local government functions.In details,its exerting fully government's important functions on layout and policy guidance,choice of economical development pattern,supply of good economy environment,offering of employment opportunity's and so on.


Stephen J. O'Connor and Richard Shewchuk Over the past decade, consumer-oriented health care has emerged as the preeminent model for service delivery. This model requires an effective blend of clinical, managerial, and consumer input.1 The emerging model should reflect a melding of professional provider and consumer perspectives. At the union of these perspectives is a demand for quality health care services. However, while health care providers are in a position to judge the biomedical and technical aspects of care, it has been argued that consumers do not have the capacity to do so.2 The consumer, for the most part, has not been involved in defining health services quality. This is true primarily because the core of the quality definition in health care has been thought of as a balance of health benefits and health harms and therefore judgments regarding the essential elements of care are best left to the providers.1 Attempts to rectify this evaluative imbalance in judging health care quality no doubt have contributed to the growth of a vast and burgeoning patient satisfaction measurement industry that purports to give patients a voice in expressing their views about the care they received. An examination of the patient satisfaction literature produced over the past decade reflects work that, unlike the consumer satisfaction studies found in the general marketing literature, generally consists of substantively shallow, empirical reports that address circumscribed, idiosyncratic, or context-specific questions. Much of the work comprising this literature is based on simple descriptive and correlational analyses that appear devoid of any theoretically or substantively compelling framework. Examples of notable exceptions to this criticism are the works of Ware and Davies,3 Bowers, Swan, and Koehler,4 Cleary and McNeil,2 and Taylor and Cronin.5 The Otani, Kurz, Burroughs, and Waterman article included in this issue is a paper that also represents the type of research that can move us in a direction toward understanding where patient satisfaction fits within health care. The authors employ well-reasoned 21


THERE are well-known tests to deter mine when a positive integer fc written in decimal notation is divisible by such num bers as 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, or II.1 These tests substitute for fc some testing expression that can be checked more easily than fc itself. For example, the testing expression for divisibility by 2 is the last digit of fc, while the testing expression for 9 is the sum of the digits of fc. In this paper we shall show how concise proofs of these tests can be obtained using the remainder function from the integers to the integers modulo ft, obtain testing expressions for divisibility by other numbers such as 7 and 13, and examine how the integers modulo ft can be used to determine divisi bility in the absence of testing expressions. The following notational conventions will be adopted for this paper:


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, the association of CKD with phenotype referred as metabolically healthy obese or overweight is unclear. In this this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we investigate the relationships between obesity and CKD independent of metabolic syndrome by appraising published evidence in studies focusing on metabolically healthy obese people.


Cancer can impact the psychological well‐being of both patients and their informal caregivers. We investigated the joint trajectories of psychological distress among Singaporean advanced cancer patients–caregiver dyads. We also examined predictors of trajectory group membership.


Objective To explore the effects of Tangxinle(TXL) on myocardial enzyme and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in experimental rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods Diabetes model was established with streptozotocin by intraperitoneal injection in Sprague-Dawley rats, after 8 weeks diabetes cardiomyopathy model was formed, then diabetic cardiomyopathy rats were randomly divided into four groups: model control group, the Diamicron control group,TXL high-dose group, TXL small-dose group, 12 rats in each group, 10 normal rats were as the normal control group.Diamicron control group, TXL high-dose group, TXL small-dose group were given 3 mg/mL of Diamicron suspension,2 g/mL TXL, 1 g/mL TXL lavage treatment respectively, the model control group was given normal saline lavage. Rats of five groups were killed after 4 weeks treatment. Blood glucose, creatine kinase(CK) and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)were detected, and the expression of TGF-β1in five groups were detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results Compared with model control group, TXL high-dose group fasting blood glucose decreased obviously [(10.54 ±2.06)mmol/L vs(23.16±5.74) mmol/L]; CK and LDH increased remarkably [(120.57±18.83) U/mg vs(78.26±12.01) U/mg;(5052.06±418.64) U/mg vs(3784.15±349.62) U/mg]; the average absorbance value of staining positive particles TGF-β1in myocardial cell reduced [(0.148±0.006) vs(0.262±0.008)], the differences were statistically significant(all P 0.01).Conclusion TXL has a certain hypoglycemic effect on diabetic rats, it can reduce the myocardial enzyme leakage to improve the metabolic disorder of energy, meanwhile it can reduce the expression of TGF-β1to slow down fibrous degeneration in myocardial tissue and delay development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.


Optical processors for neural networks are based on vector-matrix multiplication machines that can, potentially, compete with serial computers, because of their parallelism and ability to facilitate densely connected networks. However, in most systems proposed, the multiplication supports only two quadrants, disallowing the possibility of using both positive and negative neuron outputs to increase network capacity and learning rate. We propose and demonstrate a fast four quadrant optoelectronic multiplying machine, for a bipolar vector and a continuous matrix containing both positive and negative values, which can be used during both the recall and learning sessions of feedforward neural networks. The machine is based on two adjacent liquid crystal television displays (LCTVs), which enable it to perform an exclusive-OR (XOR) operation between the patterns presented on the displays, thus implementing a complete signed multiplication. The absolute values of the matrix elements are presented on a monitor while the sign is applied to a LCTV to achieve the said four quadrant multiplication. The summation of the vector-matrix multiplication is done either by cylindrical optics or by lenslet arrays. Experimental results, obtained by using common commercial components, present a novel useful and reliable approach for a four quadant electro-oprical matrix-vector multiplication in general and for feedforward neural network training and recall stages in particular.


Concrete practices of bid pourchasing of instruments and equipments for teaching and researching in universities were introduced. The economic and social effects of bid purchasing were also introduced in the paper.


Design and working principle of a flash x‐ray system is described. A two‐stage Marx generator is used, the charging voltage is 150 kV, the stored energy 1125 J. Anode and cathode are arranged coaxially. The anode consists of a tungsten coated aluminium tube of 20 mm i.d. into which the substances to be irradiated are placed. Measurements of electrical and radiation parameters are described. The x‐ray dose per pulse is 400 rad, the half‐width of the pulse is 0.2 μsec and the mean quantum energy 44 keV. An example for the application of the system in microsecond pulse radiolysis is presented.


This clinical text provides a portable, quick reference guide examining all aspects of critical care. It provides concise, yet thorough coverage of common problems of critically ill adult patients. Every topic is reviewed systematically, using reference citations only to complement the subject. It covers basics and generally accepted standards of intensive care medicine, including the author's personal points of view in each chapter.


The predictions for the effective Majorana mass | | in neutrinoless double-beta decay in the case of 3-neutrino mixing and massive Majorana neutrinos are reviewed. The physics potential of the experiments, searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay and having sensitivity to $| | \gtap 0.01$ eV, for providing information on the type of the neutrino mass spectrum, on the absolute scale of neutrino masses and on the Majorana CP-violation phases in the PMNS neutrino mixing matrix is also discussed.


The authors have lifted-off and transferred graphene nanosheets, which were grown by chemical vapor deposition on copper foil substrates, to flat, nanostructured, and microscale-patterned substrates. Black-wax, instead of the conventional polymethyl methacrylate, was used as the protective layer in the lift-off and transfer process. Quartz wafers, with and without coating of gold nanoparticle thin films, and surface grooved Si wafers were used as the target substrates. Structural, electrical, and optical characterizations revealed that the lift-off and transfer process, protected by the black-wax, is repeatable, even for graphene stacking, and the transferred graphene nanosheets are uniform and free of damage on flat substrates. Their electrical and optical properties are greatly affected by the target substrates; on quartz coated with gold nanoparticle thin film, coupling between graphene and the plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles has been observed. The authors also demonstrated that the transferred...


Claim a method and apparatus for updating the vocabulary of a speech translation system for translating first language into a second language including written and spoken language is provided. The method comprises the step of associating the given description, including the steps and the pronunciation and word class information added to a first recognition lexicon of the first language with a new word in the first language to the new word. Said new words and the description is updated Then the first machine translation module associated with the first language. Wherein the first machine translation module is configured to translate a first tagging module, a first translation model and a first language module, including a response to the second language word to the new translated word. Alternatively, the invention may be used for one-way or multi-directional translation.


HD video processing system has high requirement in real-time. Hence,there is large amount of data after decoding to be moved to the display buffer with different arrangement according to the display demands. The correspondence is presented between the macro block address after decoding and the display buffer address according to four kinds of circumstances in this paper. And several solutions have been provided to solve the problem which is computing the high complexity of moving one frame of image in the first and third cases. The result of the experiment shows that if DSP's coprocessor EDMA( Enhanced Direct Memory Access) is fully taken advantage of,it can move data quickly and does not take up CPU resources. Besides,the requirement of real-time video decoding can be realized by using the PING_PONG structure in the data buffer.


Rainwater utilization is always paid attention by the government and research institutes in Beijing, as its lack of water resources. Lots of rainwater utilization projects were built in the urban and rural areas. More than 80 rainwater utilization projects were completed in Fangshan District, which located in the suburbs. They effectively saving water resources and improving the rural water environment. Combined with the characteristics of rainwater resources in Beijing, a new rainwater utilization mode about sewage purification and reclaimed water reuse appeared during the construction process, providing reference for promote rainwater utilization projects in Fangshan District.


Link Prediction is the task of predicting miss- 001 ing relations between knowledge graph entities 002 (KG). Recent work in link prediction mainly 003 attempted to adapt a model for increasing link 004 prediction accuracy by using more layers in 005 neural network architecture, which heavily rely 006 on computational resources and are not scal- 007 able on big KGs. This paper proposes a method 008 of refining knowledge graphs to perform link 009 prediction operations more accurately using rel- 010 atively fast translational models. Translational 011 link prediction models, such as TransE, TransH, 012 TransD, RotatE, and HAKE, have significantly 013 less complexity than deep learning approaches. 014 Our method uses the ontologies of knowledge 015 graphs to add information as auxiliary nodes 016 to the graph. Then, these auxiliary nodes are 017 connected to ordinary nodes of the KG that 018 contain auxiliary information in their hierarchy. 019 Our experiments show that our method can sig- 020 nificantly increase the performance of trans- 021 lational link prediction methods in Hit@10, 022 Mean Rank, Mean Reciprocal Rank. 023


Silicon samples containing narrow boron markers were depth profiled using normally incident 0.25–1 keV O2+ ion beams in combination with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The profiles revealed significant deviations from ideal delta distributions, either as tails or shoulders. All tracer profiles exhibited the well‐known apparent shift towards the surface, which is due to the initial decrease in erosion rate. The peak positions, $\catcode`@=11\def\curvedhat#1{\vbox{\offinterlineskip\ialign{##\crcr\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle\frown$\hfil\crcr\hfil{#1}\hfil\crcr}}}\curvedhat{z}$, showed a much more pronounced non‐linear energy‐dependent shift than the centroids, 〈z〉, up to a factor of 2 stronger. To evaluate the form of measured profiles, a reduced shape parameter is defined as Δ = 〈z〉 − $\catcode`@=11\def\curvedhat#1{\vbox{\offinterlineskip\ialign{##\crcr\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle\frown$\hfil\crcr\hfil{#1}\hfil\crcr}}}\curvedhat{z}$. For ideal deltas, this parameter can be calculated using the analytical resolution function (rf) after Dowsett et al. Depending on the orientation and magnitude of the tracer distortions, the measured values of Δ differed from Δrf by up to 0.8 nm. This difference is attributed to the fact that the 'weight' of the distortions gives rise to a corresponding change of 〈z〉. The results imply that (relative) marker locations are determined more safely from $\catcode`@=11\def\curvedhat#1{\vbox{\offinterlineskip\ialign{##\crcr\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle\frown$\hfil\crcr\hfil{#1}\hfil\crcr}}}\curvedhat{z}$ than from 〈z〉. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Getting the books human reproductive behaviour a darwinian perspective now is not type of inspiring means. You could not unaided going past books buildup or library or borrowing from your friends to admission them. This is an categorically easy means to specifically get guide by on-line. This online pronouncement human reproductive behaviour a darwinian perspective can be one of the options to accompany you afterward having further time.


Since convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were used in image fusion field, they have showed state-of-the-art quality beyond traditional methods. However, the existing CNN fusion models have a high computational cost and require high memory capacity, which is impractical for embedded applications or mobile platforms. Inspired by the efficiency of the lightweight network architecture of SqueezeNet, MobileNet, and ShuffleNet, we propose a tiny fusion method for image fusion, which significantly decreasing the number of operations and memory needed while retaining the same fusion quality. Extensive experimental results indicate that tiny deep neural network architectures can be designed for real-time image fusion that are well suited for embedded scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first lightweight network architecture for image fusion.


Abstract The edge restricted detour distance D*0(f, g) between two edges f and g of a connected graph G is equal to the restricted detour distance D*(f, g)* between vertices f and g in the line graph of G.


The invention relates to a gyro north-finder, and a power supplying method for a motor of the gyro north-finder. The gyro north-finder comprises a housing, a gyropendulum, an outer casing, an ocular lens system, and an object lens system. The gyropendulum comprises a gyro housing and a motor. The gyro north-finder also comprises a power supplying apparatus for supplying power for the motor. The power supplying apparatus comprises an external power source, a plurality of conductive wires connected to the external power source, and a power supplying contact connected in parallel with the conductive wires. Especially, the power supplying apparatus comprises relays correspondingly connected to the conductive wires, wherein the relays are used for protecting the conductive wires. The gyro north-finder with a structure provided by the invention has a good reliability. With the gyro north-finder power supplying method provided by the invention, the reliability of the gyro north-finder is good, and the misoperations of operators can be prevented.


Genetically determined features of the xenobiotic biotransformation system play an important role in the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) and its complications. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of 3 SNPs (CYP1A1 -462 T>C rs1048943, CYP2E1 -1293 G>C rs3813867 and ABCB1 -3435 G>A rs1045642) to the development of AP and its complications. DNA samples were collected from 547 unrelated patients with AP (154 women and 393 men; mean age 48.9 ± 13.1 years) undergoing therapy at surgery departments of Kursk and 573 unrelated individuals without gastrointestinal diseases (161 women and 412 men; mean age 47.8 ± 12.1 years). The polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR using TaqMan probes for allele discrimination. Infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) was observed in 97 patients; 101 patients developed a pseudocyst (PC); 111 patients had a peripancreatic necrosis (PN). AP was the most common in the carriers of the А allele in ABCB1 G>A (rs1045642) (p = 0.0008). The carriers of the G/G genotype rarely developed both AP (p = 5·10–4) and its complications: IPN (p = 0.03R), PN (p = 0.036R), PC (p = 0.04R). The carriers of the G/C–C/C CYP2E1 G>C (rs3813867) genotypes who had no long-term history of alcohol abuse rarely developed AP (p = 0.03). The carriers of the G/C CYP2E1 (rs3813867) genotype tended to develop pseudocysts (p = 0.05OD). AP was more frequently complicated by IPN (p = 0.009R), PN (p = 0.003R) and PC (p = 0.003D) in the carriers of the C/C CYP1A1 T>C (rs1048943) genotype. A milder course of AP was typical for the carriers of the G/G ABCB1 G>A (rs1045642) genotype; a more severe course was characteristic of the carriers of the C/C CYP1A1 T>C (rs1048943) genotype.


The results of the studies showing the significant influence of hydrological and hydrochemical regime on the normal functioning of cage farms, especially in the regions with unstable water level, are represented. As a rule, oscillations of the water layer in such regions are of a chronic nature. In such conditions, farmed fish reduces the protective properties of the organism, which entails the development of pathological processes. To prevent the development of similar processes in fish, a set of activities aimed at preventing and reducing the adverse effects of the hydrological regime as a limiting factor in the cage breeding of sturgeon in the running run-of-river water bodies of the Astrakhan region was developed and tested. To evaluate the effect in hydrological regime of the reservoir on the activities of cage lines, a comprehensive study of sturgeon as well as the conditions of their habitat in the cage complex on peasant farming located in the Astrakhan region on the river Hoordun was conducted. One of the most significant factors that notably influenced the work of the investigated cage complex is the water layer and the flow rate associated with it. During spring flood the water level in the river rose slowly. Nevertheless, boom times of water rising provoking a short, but significant increase in the flow rate were registered. Due to increasing the flow velocity the farmed fish was strongly pressed against the wall of the cage and its strong disturbance was noticed. The feed was washed away by the water flow from the bottom forage. To eliminate the above mentioned negative impact, there have been developed and implemented such measures as the replacement of floating modules by means of fastening the ropes and the use of booms and webs of non-woven materials.


Proteins encoded by homeobox containing genes are sequence‐specific DNA binding proteins implicated in the control of gene expression in both developing and adult tissues. Two recently characterized human homeobox genes, HB9 and HB24, are highly expressed in CD34‐positive marrow cells but not in CD34‐depleted marrow cells, Their expression is readily down‐regulated during the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to specific cell lineages. In this study, genomic DNA fragments isolated with HB9 (3 kb) and HB24 (6 kb) cDNAs were used to map their chromosomal location by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Both HB9 and HB24 DNA probes gave specific hybridization signals on chromosome 1. The hybridization loci were identified by combining fluorescence images of the probe signals with fluorescence banding patterns generated by cohybridization in situ with an Alu probe (R‐like banding) and by DAPI staining (G‐like). The results demonstrate that the loci of the HB24 and HB9 genes are within bands 1q41–q42.1. A cohybridization experiment utilizing both probes with two‐color fluorescence imaging could not resolve separate loci for the two genes. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Sound speed estimation in medical pulse-echo ultrasound imaging is a critical area of research with profound implications for disease diagnosis. However, traditional methods, such as tomographic reconstruction and layered media modeling, either involve substantial computational complexity or fail to account for lateral sound speed variations. This study introduces a new, efficient method for sound of speed (SoS) estimation, rooted in local event slope analysis of common middle point (CMP) gathers within synthetic aperture ultrasound channel data. This method facilitates direct estimation of tissue sound speed distribution, thus providing valuable quantitative parameters for clinical evaluations. Distinctly, our method yields a higher resolution velocity spectrum compared to conventional stacking velocity spectra, and effectively manages lateral velocity variations, catering to clinical scenarios with lateral sound speed heterogeneities. Ultimately, our proposed technique holds significant potential for enhancing ultrasound imaging quality and diagnostic precision.


A sound weld from spot welding is what most of the manufacturers desired and preferred for mechanical assemblies in their systems. The robustness is mainly relied on the joining mechanism of mechanical parts. This paper focuses on the effect of parametric changes for dissimilar joints using 304 austenitic stainless steel and carbon steel with two different thicknesses. The pneumatic based spot welder was used to accomplish the entire welding process. The parameters varied throughout the experiments are the welding current and welding time while the electrode pressing force and electrode tips size are kept constant. The welding process was started from poor weld and move on to better weldment by increasing the process parameters. However, this study is limited to the basic parametric variation to find optimum parametric set up for 1 mm and 2 mm base metals. The welded specimens are later undergone the tensile test, hardness test and metallurgical test to characterize the spot weld growth for both thicknesses.


Objective: Evidence indicates that when elevated scores are detected by depression screening, few antepartum women make the linkage to mental health care. We developed a study to reveal barriers and preferences for care. Methods: This study was conducted in a multi-clinic, multispecialty medical organization with 15 obstetric care clinics. We recruited women who had elevated depressive symptoms, detected by routine screening, and who did not follow through, after three weeks, with a mental health referral. Semi-structured interviews, assessing barriers to care and preferences for treatment, were analyzed by Framework Analysis. Participants then completed questionnaires assessing depression treatment preferences. Results: Recruitment was sought with 150 eligible women, twelve responded, and ten were able to complete. Results indicate that ample attention and support may be needed to broach this subject. Only some believed they had "depression". Preferences were for counseling, and against psycho pharmacotherapy. Desire for more dialogue was revealed. Women prefer strong involvement in the decision-making process, and prefer more education regarding depression, and treatment choices. Conclusions: Unaddressed preferences and barriers may account for low linkage with mental health care. Overcoming these challenges at both the clinic level and healthcare system level should be the focus of future research.


Background. Urolithiasis can be considered as a socially significant disease not only because it affects mostly people of working age, but also because it often turns into a chronic form, leading to an increase in the level of disability. This dictates the need to search for effective methods of treatment and prevention of disease recurrence, among which an important role is given to the use of non-pharmacological treatment methods balneological therapeutic factors.
Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the natural low-mineralized mineral water Tarkhanskaya-3 use in the rehabilitation therapy of urolithiasis in working-age patients.
Material and methods. The study program involved 33 patients with urolithiasis. The patients of the main group (22 people), who did not have concomitant somatic acute or chronic pathology, took mineral water for 28 days 6 times a day, at home under the supervision of a polyclinic doctor and a nurse , at the rate of 4 ml/kg, degassed, heated to 2226 C. The control group (11 people) did not receive mineral water as a non-pharmacological therapy. The history of the disease, changes in the general analysis of urine and well-being (quality of life according to the Wisconsin questionnaire) were studied. The significance of differences was considered according to the generally accepted values of the Student's criterion and 2.
Results. Comparative assessment of complaints and quality of life showed an improvement in the condition of patients who took mineral water: discomfort during urination disappeared, the number of patients with a positive costovertebral angle tenderness decreased, while no changes were recorded in the control group. In patients of the main group, a tendency towards a decrease in the level of uric acid from 326 to 256 mol/L (t=0.96; p 0.05) was revealed. Reliable data were obtained on the effect of mineral water intake on inorganic urinary sediment a decrease in the level of crystalluria (oxalaturia) in 70% of cases (2=3.9, p=0.048). Spontaneous discharge of salt crystals was registered in 2/3 of patients, an increase in daily urine output in all patients who took mineral water. The assessment of the quality of life of the main group patients showed a significant improvement in the state of health according to the scale impact on health (t=2.13; p 0.05). Evaluation of clinical and laboratory parameters did not reveal a significant effect on the electrolyte metabolism and concentration function of the kidneys.
Conclusion. The intake of Tarkhanskaya-3 mineral water for the purpose of secondary prevention in the rehabilitation therapy of urolithiasis has a positive effect on the course of the disease.


Genetics is one of the various approaches adopted to understand and control mammalian sleep. Reverse genetics, which is usually applied to analyze sleep in gene-deficient mice, has been the mainstream field of genetic studies on sleep for the past three decades and has revealed that various molecules, including orexin, are involved in sleep regulation. Recently, forward genetic studies in humans and mice have identified gene mutations responsible for heritable sleep abnormalities, such as SIK3, NALCN, DEC2, the neuropeptide S receptor, and β1 adrenergic receptor. Furthermore, the protein kinase A-SIK3 pathway was shown to represent the intracellular neural signaling for sleep need. Large-scale genome-wide analyses of human sleep have been conducted, and many gene loci associated with individual differences in sleep have been found. The development of genome-editing technology and gene transfer by an adeno-associated virus has updated and expanded the genetic studies on mammals. These efforts are expected to elucidate the mechanisms of sleep–wake regulation and develop new therapeutic interventions for sleep disorders.


One of the main aims of indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems is to deliver a high data rate service. A key obstacle is the ability of the indoor VLC channel to support high data rates. Here, we assess the potential of a multi-branch transmitter (MBT) and its use to achieve higher data rates in indoor VLC systems. The performance of the MBT is examined with a wide field of view (W-FOV) receiver and an angle diversity receiver (ADR). The effect of diffuse reflections, mobility and lighting constraints are considered while using on-off-keying (OOK). The results show that the proposed VLC systems offer a data rate of 4 Gb/s and 10 G b/s when using W-FOV receiver and ADR, respectively.


In dryland cropping, no-tillage can increase small grain crop growth compared with conventional tillage. Because root systems develop ahead of aboveground growth and are affected by soil environment, observation of root growth will show the mechanisms by which no-till enhances crop growth. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown in a spring wheat-winter wheat-sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.) rotation begun in 1984 on Temvik-Wilton silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic and Pachic Haploborolls) under conventional till (CT : spring disking), minimal till (MT : spring undercutting) and no-till (NT). Root length growth (RLG) was measured by microvideo camera in pressurized-wall minirhizotrons, and soil water was measured by neutron moisture meter. Relative to CT, NT generally enhanced RLG more than aboveground growth ; RLG averaged 65, 130, and 145 km/cm 2 in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. In 1988, RLG was 37% greater than MT (P < 0.1), with CT intermediate. In 1989, RLG was 40% greater in NT than in CT, with MT intermediate, and RLG in 1990 was 112% greater in NT than CT (no MT). Final biomass averaged 380, 1730, and 3090 kg/ha in 1988 through 1990, and was 36% greater, not significantly different, and 44% greater in NT than CT, respectively. Root penetration was shallow (1.1 m or less) in dry subsoil, but in each year roots penetrated to greater soil depths under NT than under MT or CT. Amounts of stored soil water were generally not significantly different among tillages, but more water was depleted in 1990 under NT than CT. Cooler soil under NT (measured in 1989) and superior soil water conservation in the near-surface zone appear to confer a root growth advantage to the NT treatment.


This study objectively looks at the implementation of the 2020 PILKADA during the Covid19 pandemic, which has an impact on voter participation. Doubts about the level of voter participation were denied with the participation rate which tends to increase with a percentage increase of 76.09%. Voter participation in PILKADA is a concept of public interest in policies to participate in a political policy. This research was conducted in West Java because it saw West Java participants with high DPT by comparing voter participation in 8 regencies/cities that held simultaneous elections in 2015 and 2020.


Abstract PREVIOUS studies on duck nutrition conducted in this laboratory (Scott and Heuser, 1951, 1952; Scott et al., 1957; Heuser and Scott, 1952) have shown that Pekin ducklings are capable of maintaining normal growth and satisfactory efficiency of feed utilization when fed simple, high-energy rations. When these rations were supplemented with adequate levels of known vitamins, especially niacin, no significant improvement was obtained upon further supplementation of the rations with fish meal, fish solubles, whey, distillers solubles or other sources of unidentified chick growth factors. Furthermore, supplemental methionine in these simplified rations produced no improvement in growth or efficiency of feed utilization. Although growth and efficiency of feed utilization were satisfactory, it was noted that the market quality of the ducklings produced on these high-energy rations was unsatisfactory because of the excessively high fat content of the eviscerated duck carcasses. In view of this, studies were undertaken to determine whether alterations …


Widya Ningrum, Vicka. 2014. Improving Students' Writing Skill at the Tenth Grade of MA Darul Fikri Ponorogo by Using Card Sort Method in the Academic Year of 2013/2014. Thesis. English Department Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo. Advisor: (1) Siti Asiyah, M.Pd. (2) Diyah Atiek Mustikawati, M.Hum.
Key Words: Card Sort Method, Writing skill
Writing is important skill, because one of the keys in English communication is writing ability. The students of MA Darul Fikri Ponorogo had difficulties in learning writing, especially in making the sentence or paragraph. These problems were caused by the lack of vocabularies. Besides, the students did not have strong motivation in learning. Students felt bored and tired when they study English. Researcher used card sort method to solve this cases.
The problem of this research is how does Card Sort method in order to improve the ability in writing descriptive text of the tenth grade students of MA Darul Fikri Ponorogo in the academic year of 2013/2014. The purpose of this research is to know of the improvement of Card Sort method in order to improve the ability in writing descriptive text of the tenth grade students of MA Darul Fikri Ponorogo in the academic year of 2013/2014.
The subject of this research was the students XA grade of MA Darul Fikri Ponorogo started on November 27th – December 03rd 2013, which consisted of 25 students. The study was conducted in two cycles. The writer used three research instruments, they were: observation check list, questionnaire, and test.
From the data, it could be seen that the questionnaire result increased from 55,08% in cycle 1 to 87,33% in cycle 2, it means that the students enjoyed teaching learning process and the observation checklist showed that students' activeness increased from 58,75% in cycle 1 to 89,00% in cycle 2, it means that the students active in this lesson. The test showed that there were 11 students who got low score under basic minimum standard score 70 in cycle 1. Then in cycle 2, all of the students had improved the score and they also reached the minimum score was 70. It means that the study had been succesfull using card sort method because all of the students got ≥ 70.
Finally, the researcher suggests for English teachers to encourage students to write, the students should be active in the class and do not feel shy or confuse to express their ideas in English, the school should support the teachers in developing their quality in teaching English, and the next researcher develops this method by using various kinds of media to get better result of teaching and learning process.


An analysis of dynamic roughening and smoothening mechanisms of thin films grown with pulsed-dc magnetron sputtering is presented. The roughness evolution has been described by a linear stochastic equation, which contains the second- and fourth-order gradient terms. Dynamic smoothening of the growing interface is explained by ballistic effects resulting from impingements of ions to the growing thin film. These ballistic effects are sensitive to the flux and energy of impinging ions. The predictions of the model are compared with experimental data, and it is concluded that the thin film roughness can be further controlled by adjusting waveform, frequency, and width of dc pulses.


This article reviewed the advance of agricultural expert system for breeding,summarized the basic structure and priciple of it,and also put forword some existing problems and research propects for the expert system for breeding.


The North American Rayon Corporation (NARC) precursor was developed, qualified, and characterized for Space Shuttle nozzle carbon-cloth phenolic ablative materials in three distinct phases. The characterization phase includes thermal and structural material property analysis and comparisons. This report documents the thermal and structural material property characterization performed by Southern Research Institute (SRI) on the two NARC baseline and two crossover materials.


Gel electrophoresis, the purpose extension, and / or accelerated or decomposition amelioration or transfer efficiency for blotting applications, or acceleration and degradation improvement or acceleration and the transfer efficiency of the storage period, also tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TRIS), electrolyte is provided comprising at least one zwitterionic, and water. Electrolyte, such as a Western blot, may be employed in the buffer system for gel electrophoresis, and the preparation of a gel for gel electrophoresis. .BACKGROUND


I will show how Generative Lexicon Theory, which is one of the leading frameworks for event-based semantics, can be syntactically augmented by using a version of HPSG proposed by Sag & Wasow (1999). The augmented theory, called SGLT, can deal with both syntactic and morphological issues more perspicuously by allowing us to formulate syntactic and morphological (lexical) rules of lexical composition. I will illustrate how the added expressibility can lead to a very concise analysis of Japanese honorification constructions.


Milestones in the learning process during development of spaceflight capability for different NASA missions are traced from the initial launch of the Mercury escape rocket to the advent of the Shuttle. A detached heat shield on the first manned Mercury orbital flight led to a decision for reentry with retrorockets attached, a situation which demonstrated a need for on-line communications with the spacecraft construction engineers. The Gemini program served to develop EVA techniques and docking procedures essential for the Apollo missions. Apollo 8 circled the moon after only one manned test flight of the equipment due to the success of the first flight. Lunar landing simulation training exposed the astronauts to situations beyond the human ability to respond. The training was justified when computer overload required the pilot to retake manual control of some spacecraft functions during the successful first lunar landing. All lessons previously learned were used to safely return the damaged Apollo 13 to earth. The Skylab missions provided an opportunity to maintain rotating teams of flight controllers on a 24-hr/day basis for periods of months. Finally, the six-year hiatus of U.S. manned space activities between the end of the Skylab missions and the first Shuttle flight provided time for incorporating previous lessons into new procedures, training strategies, and data resources.


Corrosion behavior of Fe-(16~19)Cr-(0.1~0.6)Ti-(0.1~0.6)Nb stainless steels were examined in 0.05 M H2SO4 solution and 0.2 M NaCl solution. Cr improved general corrosion and localized corrosion resistance. The increase in the contents of Ti and Nb caused a linear increase in the general corrosion resistance, while the pitting potential was maximized for the alloy with 0.4 wt.% of these elements.