IGT has developed a microbial culture Rhodococcus rhodochrous, designated as IGTS8, that is of specifically cleaving carbon-sulfur bonds in a range of organosulfur model compounds and is capable of removing organic sulfur from coal and petroleum without significantly sacrificing the calorific value of the fuel. Although IGTS8 possesses the ability to specifically remove organic sulfur from coal, a major research need is to develop improved strains of microorganisms that possess higher levels of desulfurization activity and therefore permit favorable biodesulfurization process conditions. During the past quarter, promoter probe vectors thought to possess promoter inserts were isolated. Two new promoter probe vectors were constructed: pRCAT2; which is pRAT1 (second quarterly report) with the BamHI site removed, and pRCAT3; which is pRCAT2 with a synthetic oligonucleotide inserted at the HindIII site that will allow a wider range of restriction fragments to be examined for promoter activity including the fragments from the twenty mutants isolated from the Rhodococcus strains exhibiting increased resistance to chloramphenicol. Sequence analysis of six of these mutants has been initiated, computer comparisons made, and base change confirmation is in progress. As research to isolate strong Rhodococcus promoters is the goal, the promoter for the 16S ribosomal RNA structural genemore » is a good candidate for a strong promoter based on analyses of the 16S RNA gene in other species. Since the sequence of the 16S RNA gene is well conserved among species, straightforward techniques are available to isolate the promoter and such efforts are in progress.« less


Napier grass can be used as feed for livestock and possibly for bioenergy production. However, the stimulation of the growth of Napier grass by plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) has been rarely found. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the ability of Streptomyces spp. PB5, SRF1, St8, STRM104, and STRM302 to support the growth of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum cultivar Pak Chong 1) under a low water system. Among the five bacterial isolates, Streptomyces sp. St8 was the most suitable bacterial inoculant to stimulate the growth of plants grown under a low water system. Napier grass grew under a low water system and inoculated with Streptomyces sp. St8 had the highest shoot and root weight compared to the other inoculated isolates. The shoot and root fresh weights of plants grown under a low water system were 21.3 ± 1.53 g and 4.29 ± 0.77 g when inoculated with Streptomyces sp. St8. Moreover, Streptomyces sp. St8 also stimulated the growth of plants grown under a normal water system: the highest shoot length (61.3 ± 5.67 cm), shoot fresh weight (26.9 ± 4.07 g), and root fresh weight (4.84 ± 0.54 g) were found in plants inoculated with this bacterial isolate. Furthermore, the plant's root-to-shoot ratios grown under a low water system were inoculated with each isolate of Streptomyces sp. (PB5, SRF1, St8, STRM104, and STRM302) were lower than for plants grown in the control pots. It means that bacterial inoculation under a low water system could protect the efficiency of roots from producing shoot biomass in the plants. Based on the results found in this study, Streptomyces sp. St8, a microbial inoculant, can be used with Napier grass cropping to produce feed for livestock or bioenergy production.

http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/resources/files/Pertanika PAPERS/JTAS Vol. 45 (2) May. 2022/10 JTAS-2411-2022.pdf


We report the synthesis of a novel derivative of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin, modified at the N-terminus. This incorporates a fourth amide NH into the antibiotic, at the position which was formerly the N-terminus of the antibiotic-binding pocket. Although this modification gives the potential to form an extra hydrogen bond to the carboxylate anion of the bacterial cell-wall precursor analogue (N,N)-diacetyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine, the modified antibiotic does not show enhanced binding to this precursor. This lack of enhanced binding is associated with an unfavourable conformational change (relative to the desired conformation) in the antibiotic.


Adoption of rituals within a society results in the reinforcement or the inculcation of shared beliefs and values. Following Schelling (1960), when persons are confronted with coordination problems often seem to do surprisingly well when focal points provide to them a point of convergence for individual expectations. I argue in the present paper that Emperor Justinian I (482 CE - 565 CE) in Byzantium followed a set of carefully chosen strategic decisions essential to promote social coordination, and with the aim to convert the city of Constantinople into a strong focal point of religious rituals. Emperor Justinian I in the spirit taken initially by the founder of the City of Constantinople Emperor Constantine?s I (272 CE - 337 CE), and more or less by all of Justinian I predecessors, had to solve a coordination problem among rational players throughout the empire. The rebuilding of the third Church of St Sophia (?Hagia Sophia?) in 562 CE following the Nika revolt in 532 CE, the protection of the property rights of the Christian church including its clergy and its monasteries, alongside the exploitation of the administrative organizational structure of the Christian church that existed within the empire, and the emperor?s stance that unity of faith is a precondition for the unity of the empire, created a strong focal point of religious rituals away from the Holy Land.


The production of erythrocytes from human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is considered one of the solutions to the deficiency of donor blood in transfusion medicine. The disadvantage of using HSC is the difficulty in multiplying in the required amount for use in transfusion. In this regard, pluripotent stem cells that can be multiplied in sufficient quantity may become a source of functional erythrocytes. The aim of this work was to study the effects of hypoxia on the formation of erythrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in ex vivo conditions. For the obtaining the erythroid bodies (EB), human iPSCs were cultured in induction medium containing human plasma and SCF, VEGF, BMP-4, TPO, EPO, interleukins IL-3 and IL-6 (20 days). EB treated with collagenase and cultured in a 96-well suspension culture plate under normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (2% O2) conditions in IMDM medium containing 20% human plasma, SCF, IL-3, Epo, insulin and heparin. Erythroid maturation was evaluated by Giemsastaining and flow cytometry analysis ofCD235α. As a result of PSC differentiation, EBs with spherical morphology and sizes from 120 to 300 µm were obtained. Analysis for erythroid maturation showed that the number of mature erythrocytes with expression of CD235α after hypoxia averaged 56%, and after normoxia 19.3% of the total number of analyzed cells. The size of erythrocytes formed from iPSCs averaged 7 μm, which corresponds to the mature form of this type of cells. Thus, the obtained results of the study indicate that hypoxia plays a significant role in erythropoiesis, increasing the level of erythrocyte formation from human iPSCs.


Pajares (1992) concluded that beliefs about teaching are well formed by the time a student begins college. These behavior-impacting beliefs were proposed to be self-perpetuating and persevering, even in the face of contradictions caused by reason, time, schooling, or experience. Because students have experienced thousands of hours of their teachers' classroom behavior before entering preservice teacher training programs (Tabachnick & Zeichner, 1984), preservice teachers enter teacher preparation programs with well established filters for what constitutes effective teaching based on an " apprenticeship of observation " (Lortie, 1975, p. 65). Weinstein (1989) asked prospective elementary teachers to describe their perceptions of " a really good teacher " before and after an introductory education course. Preservice teachers did not change their perceptions of what constitutes a good teacher Minden received her doctorate in educational psychology from West Virginia University; Nancy Hoffman is an associate professor of teacher education at Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut. The authors express appreciation to Jerrald Shive for assistance in data collection and to Lori Britton, Terra Hulvey, and Cynthia Bolyard for manuscript preparation.


The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant difference between Years 4 to 6 and Years 7 to 9 non-Thai students' level of motivation toward learning Thai, and to determine if there was a significant association between Years 4 to 6 and Years 7 to 9 non-Thai students' orientation of motivation toward learning Thai at an international school in Bangkok, Thailand. An adapted version of Gardner's Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) was used to collect data from 29 non-Thai students in Years 4 to 6 and 44 non-Thai students in Years 7 to 9 during the second semester of academic Years 2017 – 2018. Descriptive statistics – means, standard deviations, as well as a t-Test, and Pearson's chisquared test were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that both Years 4 to 6 and Years 7 to 9 non-Thai students at the target school had slightly low levels of motivation toward learning Thai and both Years 4 to 6 and Years 7 to 9 non-Thai students' orientation of motivation was instrumental. Motivation for learning Thai between Years 4 to 6 and Years 7 to 9 non-Thai students was not significantly different, while Years 4 to 6 and Years 7 to 9 non-Thai students' orientation of motivation was found to be significantly associated. Recommendations for school administrators, teachers, and future researchers are provided.


The article contains a description of the methodology for geodetic monitoring of offshore structures, on the example of the PA-B oil and gas platform located on the northeast shelf of Sakha-lin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk. Monitoring of dangerous industrial assets is crucial for the safe op-eration of the facility, labor protection and environmental. The assessment of the possibility of GNSS monitoring of the stationary marine platform with respect to IGS stations without the use of the coastal network of reference points, while maintaining the accuracy of the coordinates at the centimeter level is performed in the article. The results of experiments on processing GNSS meas-urements with respect to the network of IGS stations using the AUSPOS service are presented. It is shown that this method provides a centimeter level of accuracy and concluded that it can be used for monitoring of marine stationary platforms.


Article history: Received: February 16, 2020 Received in revised format: March 27 2020 Accepted: March 29, 2020 Available online: March 30, 2020 This paper aims to investigate the relationship between managerial opportunistic behavior and the value of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, using two different indicators of company value. The first indicator looks at the value of the company from a less than ideal size and other indicators view the value of the company from the ideal size. By using 320 observations, the results of this study found evidence that managerial opportunistic behavior that is proxied by free cash flow plays a role in influencing the overvalued equity proxied by market books. Likewise, free cash flow plays an important role on influencing Tobin q. This study also establishes an indirect relationship of free cash flow to overvalued equity and Tobin q which is mediated by dividend policy. Empirical results show that dividend policy mediates the effect of free cash flow on overvalued equity and also Tobin q partially. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada


followed by a corresponding shift to the right. These injections also produced a slight liver damage. Although the time required to produce death varied with each animal, a daily dose of �.o mg. of estrogen ultimately killed the dog. Except for the work of Arnold and his co-workers, little attention has been given changes in the bone marrow as a result of estrogen injections. Accordingly, this experiment was performed to describe the changes produced by estrogens in the bone marrow of adult female dogs. METHODS Adult female dogs of 8-u kilograms body weight were used in this study. Each dog was trained to stay on the dog board and blood was removed from femoral vessels without anesthesia. Erythrocyte and white cell counts were made with U. S. certified pipets and the improved Neubauer counting chamber. Smears were made with the two-coverglass technic and differential counts were made on 2.00 cells. Hemoglobin determinations were made with a Hellige hemometer. Bone marrows were studied in the following manner. The whole femur was re. .


We suggest two methods for the detection of the formation of disoriented chiral condensates (D{chi}C) in heavy ion collisions. We show that the variance in the number of charged pions (in a suitable range of momentum space) provides a signature for the observation of a disoriented chiral condensate. The signal should be observable even if multiple domains of D{chi}C form provided the average number of pions per domain is significantly larger than unity. The variance of the number of charged pions alone provides a signal which can be used even if the number of neutral pions cannot be measured in a given detector. On the other hand, the probability distribution in {ital R}, the proportion of neutral pions to all pions emitted in heavy ion collisions in certain kinematic regions, has been suggested as a signal of a disoriented chiral condensate. Here we note that the signature can be greatly enhanced by making suitable cuts in the data. In particular, we consider reducing the data set such that the {ital k} pions with lowest p{sub T} are all neutral. We find that, given such cuts, {l_angle}R{r_angle} can be substantially different from 1/3. For example, for a single D{chi}C domain withoutmore » contamination due to incoherently emitted pions, {l_angle}R{r_angle} is 3/5 given the pion with lowest p{sub T} is neutral, and 5/7 given the two pions with lowest p{sub T} are both neutral, etc. The effects of multidomain D{chi}C formation and noise due to incoherent pion emission can be systematically incorporated. Potential applications to experiments and their limitations are briefly discussed. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}« less


Bacground :The adult obesity is associated with endocrine, metabolic and mecanical complications but in children obesity the endocrine disturbances are not well know. Matherial and Method: Between 2004-2009 we study the child atmetted in the Ist Padiatric Clinical Children Hospital "Louis Turcanu" Timisoara from the south west of the country, by anamnesis, clinical examinations and antropomeric parameters (body weith, heigth, abdominal folder), BMI. The pubery stages were registered according to Tanner criterias. We follow-up of the, metabolic and endocrine complicatios (hyperinsuinemia, dislipidemia, hypercolesterolemia, HOMA index- insulinoresistance, hypercotisolism, early adrenarche, hyperprolactinemia, Sex hormon binding protein -SHBG level). Results: During the study, we found 7135 obeses child (56,69%), mostly boys 3722. A 422 of them were infants. The majority of child got obesity by high calories intake only 16 had genetic obesity (Prader Willy, Laurence- Bardet- Bield). We found insulinoresistence in 46% of the teenagre obeses and 32% of the children. We found a good corelations between the insulinoresitence and low level of SHBG. In 27 girls we found early adrenarche; 15 PCOS, in 4 cases diabetis mellitus type 2; the mecanical complications were present in all children. All tenaager patients have depression, isolations and low performance in school. We found a hight percentage of uniparental family. Conclusions:


Core decomposition is a fundamental graph problem with a large number of applications. Most existing approaches for core decomposition assume that the graph is kept in memory of a machine. Nevertheless, many real-world graphs are too big to reside in memory. In this paper, we study I/O efficient core decomposition following a semi-external model, which only allows node information to be loaded in memory. We propose a semi-external algorithm and an optimized algorithm for I/O efficient core decomposition. To handle dynamic graph updates, we firstly show that our algorithm can be naturally extended to handle edge deletion. Then, we propose an I/O efficient core maintenance algorithm to handle edge insertion, and an improved algorithm to further reduce I/O and CPU cost. In addition, based on our core decomposition algorithms, we further propose an I/O efficient semi-external algorithm for degeneracy ordering, which is an important graph problem that is highly related to core decomposition. We also consider how to maintain the degeneracy order. We conduct extensive experiments on 12 real large graphs. Our optimal core decomposition algorithm significantly outperforms the existing I/O efficient algorithm in terms of both processing time and memory consumption. They are very scalable to handle web-scale graphs. As an example, we are the first to handle a web graph with 978.5 million nodes and 42.6 billion edges using less than 4.2 GB memory. We also show that our proposed algorithms for degeneracy order computation and maintenance can handle big graphs efficiently with small memory overhead.


Widiyati, Agustina. Of 2011. Thesis, Educational Studies Program Language and Literature Indonesia, Muhammadiyah University Graduate Program in Purwokerto. Supervisor: (I) Prof. Dr. H. Kosadi Hidayat, M. Pd., (II) Dr. Maman Suryaman, M. Pd. The study, entitled "Contribution to the Effectiveness of Reading Reading Interest Junior High School Students in Purbalingga odd Semester Academic Year 2011/2012", aims to determine the contribution of the effectiveness of reading and reading to find out meaning factors influence the effectiveness of the reading interest in reading. Types of methods used in this study is expost facto research method is a method of research that aims to uncover the facts that exist and the study was conducted in a relatively fast.
The results obtained in this study is a contribution to the effectiveness of the reading interest in reading, the keberartian factors influence the effectiveness of the reading interest in reading. It is proved the existence of the facts on the ground through multiple-choice test data (objective), non-test (questionnaire) and documentation. By dividing into three strata according to location, namely (1) Urban, (2) Sub-Urban (3) Rural.
Calculations using the product moment correlation formula to determine the contribution of reading to the effectiveness of reading, the acquisition value is 0.6 for urban, 0.7 for sub-urban, and 0.8 for rural. While the calculation using the formula to determine the coefficient determinant meaning factors influence the effectiveness of reading to reading, the acquisition value is 36% for the rural poor in the category mean, 49% for sub urban means in the category of being, and 64% for urban areas means that the category strong.
Key words: effectiveness of reading and reading.


The possibility of obtaining subregional estimates of different crops on the basis of a regional sample currently employed in a survey on the characteristics of Italian farms is explored. Four linear models are rested, which employ the auxiliary information coming from the individual data of the Census of Agriculture at different extents. In general, a reduction of variability, expressed by the coefficient of variation, is obtained, but the strategy to adopt is not unique: there is to consider jointly the detail of modelization, i.e. the quantity of auxiliary information to employ, the size of the subareas together with the diffusion and incidence of the particular crop.


High incidence of breast cancer is unchanged; therefore, it is relevant to study the possibilities of modern radiological methods for the diagnostics of breast cancer at an early stage. The purpose of the study was to analyze current trends of breast cancer diagnostics at early stages by modern imaging methods according to the literature. The systematic search was performed for reviews and meta-analyses in RSCI, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases, published from 2012 to 2022, on breast cancer diagnostics using the keywords: breast cancer, mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography, positron emission computed tomography, computed tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, ultrasound, ultrasound tomosynthesis, magnetic resonance imaging. Out of 100 publications published over the past 10 years, 48 were included in the presented review. The existing methods of diagnosing breast cancer have certain advantages and disadvantages relative to each other, the consideration of which is necessary when drawing up a plan of clarifying diagnostic measures, including women with high breast density. Promising methods of diagnosing breast cancer at an early stage — digital tomosynthesis, ultrasound tomosynthesis, dual-energy spectral contrast mammography, short MRI protocol are new and could be optimize the approach to the diagnosis of breast lesions in women with high breast density. This poorly studied methods require further research to optimize the breast cancer-screening algorithm, improve the indicators of early detection of breast cancer and increase economic efficiency.


The National Curriculum in England and Wales has recognised the importance of Information and Communication Technology for learners with Special Educational Needs. The setting up of training courses for teachers who work with these learners has become a national priority. The Tools For Inclusion (TFI) partnership has been created to support the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) training needs of teachers who work with Special Educational Needs (SEN) learners in primary and secondary education. The training course is part of a government-funded initiative to raise the standards in the effective use of ICT at schools around the UK and Ireland. The paper is set out to discuss the rationale behind the design and dissemination of the TFI project. The theoretical model adopted for the construction of the course, the design of the modules, the preparation of the training materials as well as the preliminary findings of the approach advocate the necessity for the organisation of ICT training courses in the field of SEN with emphasis to a curricular basis rather than the adoption of a medical approach to the learners' needs. Πeρίληψη


This paper describes the relevance of texture analysis on leather images. The aim is to improve the prediction accuracy by quantifying the morphological and statistical behavior of the leather images. Hence, the present work proposed to combine the multi-resolution discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and local binary pattern (LBP) texture operators. The hybrid texture features (DWT + LBP) offer better species-specific feature discrimination. This work adopts a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model to evaluate the discriminatory behavior of the texture features. The proposed work extract, analyze and learn the species' distinct texture features of the novel digital microscopic leather image data. The experimental results noted a significant improvement in species prediction with 99.58% accuracy. Therefore, texture analysis elevates the ability to interpret the leather images per species. It is thus a necessary key to learn the permissible leather species' behavior so as to prevent the trade of non-permissible leather and its products.


A theoretical study on the radical cyclization reaction mechanism of 6-yl-hex-1-ene was performed theoretically.By predicting the changes of several key parameters along reaction coordinate,the regioselectivity of the radical cyclization reaction was investigated while the changes of thermochemistry and kinetic barriers of 6-endo-trig and 5-exo-trig reaction pathways were analyzed.Also,the effect of ring strain of six-and five-membered ring products were investigated on the thermodynamic and kinetic processes.The computed results indicate that the 5-exo-trig channel leading to a five-membered ring product with larger ring strain energy dominates the reaction process,and therefore,it is a kinetic product.Furthermore,the computation results also indicate that the dominant reaction channel can be judged by the attack angle of reaction pathways,and also,it can be used to explain the conclusion of the Baldwin rules.


In all cases, the paraclinical investigations exclu-ded all potential differential diagnoses. All patients had extensive metabolic, infectious and immunological screening which was unremarkable. Neuro-myelitis optica (NMO) antibodies were negative for all patients. Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) and Electromyography (EMG) were normal for all patients, as well as thoracic-abdominal pelvis computed tomography scan.


Seasonal fluctuations of the numbers of leaf beetles of the subfamily Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in lowland steppe of Tigirekskiy reserve in 2012 was studied in stipa and in meadow steppe. The maximal species diversity was noted in the beginning - in the middle of summer. The dominant species is Longitarsus luridus (Scopoli, 1763) with the peak of activity in the end of summer.


From the Publisher:
This book is a master reference for Microsoft s Exchange Server. It contains all the information an administrator needs to properly install, configure and maintain an Exchange Server system whether a new installation or an upgrade. It includes extensive coverage on integrating multiple e-mail subsystems, and discusses specific tailoring techniques for the different client workstations. Co-authored by members of Microsoft s Exchange Development team, it contains advanced troubleshooting and optimization techniques, and gives insider tips on many advanced functions and features. Specifically tailored to cover server administration issues, it does so in a deep and professional format. Its extensive index allows fast and easy access to troubleshooting and problem solving information.
Contains previously undocumented information provided by members of the Microsoft Exchange Product Group who helped to co-author this title.
Everything an administrator will want to know about Exchange Server, including advanced information like dynamic messaging with Active Server Pages, IMAP4 support, improved scalability, support for JavaBeans, and integration of Outlook and IE4
Detailed configuration, diagnosis, troubleshooting and optimization sections solve complex administration problems quickly and easily


This study describes the context for the development of a tool to formatively assess information technology skills of students. The tool provides a reliable and valid assessment of word processing competency, utilizing automation to apply the test instrument via the Microsoft Office package. Tests can be designed directly by tutors, and delivered via a network. Evaluation of the tests suggests that immediate automated testing is preferred by students compared to a traditional written test. There is evidence that the tool improves the IT skills of its users, whereas a traditional written test has no such beneficial effect.


This study was conducted in November 2013 in the Village of Nipah Panjang 1, District Nipah Panjang, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, Province of Jambi. The method used in the research study construction gillnet fishing gear is a method of survey. The purpose of this study was to compile information about the specifications of gillnet fishing gear operating in the village of Nipah Panjang 1 . After doing research on the net to know that gillnet operated in the village most of the Nipah Panjang 1 has a construction similar to that of the gill nets are generally composed of ris top rope buoy rope , net weight , lower ris rope , buoys , big bouys and sinker . It's just shortening value less than 30 % , while there is a difference in vertices of the mesh gillnet use this is caused from the characteristics of the material . If the materials used PA multifilament englis knot used for the passage of knots and knot using monofilament double englis knot because the danger of a more slippery surface. Keywords: Contruction, Gillnet, Jambi


PURPOSE: To make a piping system harmless and to improve its strength by preparing a solder base with a specific weight % of tin or tin/antimony, adding to it a prescribed weight % of copper or, as necessary, nickel and silver and thereby forming a solder. CONSTITUTION: Nonleaded metal solder composition is formed that contains, in weight %, 92.5-96.9% tin, 3-5% copper, 0.1-2% nickel, and 0-0.5% silver. Otherwise, it is composed of 86.5-92.9% tin, 4-6% antimony, 3-5% copper, 0-2% nickel, and 0-0.5% silver; in using it, it is heated at a specific temperature slightly higher than the solidus line temperature. No lead is contained in the composition at all, but a proper quantity of nickel, copper and silver are contained; therefore, it can deal with a large and small gaps of a weld zone. Consequently, a piping system is made harmless, with the strength improved. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


The article discusses the issues related to the assessment of complexity, dynamism, interdependence, and uncertainty of the environment in which a business is functioning. The factors of internal environment influencing the operation of the management system are also discussed. The authors have found the cause-andeffect relationships that change the characteristics of the management system and the company in general under the influence of unstable business environment.


The nonlinear ponderomotive (PM) force due to high-power rf waves is studied as a drive for plasma rotation. It is shown that poloidal rotation may be driven by a radial PM force, in addition to the usual mechanism of direct angular momentum transfer from a poloidal PM force. Here, the effect of a radial PM force producing a radial plasma flow in the presence of viscous damping and neutral collisions is considered. The PM force is produced around an electron cyclotron resonant surface at a specific poloidal location, which naturally creates a poloidally asymmetric steady radial flow, when friction is present. The flow can also arise as a result of poloidal or toroidal PM force components, even in the absence of friction. In toroidal geometry this situation is unstable due to the Stringer spin-up mechanism, for a high enough power of the rf waves. This process is most important near the outer regions of the plasma, where it can then give rise to a high confinement mode (H mode), once a sheared poloidal flo...


For some defects that the traditional latent semantic retrieval model is big cost,slow retrieval speed,and not conducive to the field in large-scale agriculture information retrieval,present an improved Agriculture Latent Semantic Indexing( ALSI) model. The model uses full-text search to generate full-text inverted index of agricultural information,and then utilizes agricultural high-frequency vocabulary and latent semantic to analyze generated semantic indexing databases,completing semantic retrieval. By analyzing multiple sets of experiments,determine calculation methods of term weight and semantic space dimension. Finally,analyze and juxtapose search results of ALSI and the traditional LSI through experiment,the results show that retrieval results of ALSI is significantly better than LSI,and ALSI is suitable for the large-scale agricultural information retrieval.


Anyone glancing into a bookshop window in the Federal Republic of Germany today might get the impression that urban history is currently one of the most important and widely published historical disciplines. Such an impression would mislead, however. Most of these richly illustrated and expensively produced volumes have almost no academic significance. They are the product of a wave of nostalgia which certain astute publishers have managed to catch thanks to their unerring appreciation of market demand. For instance, a whole generation over the age of fifty wants to be reminded of the undamaged towns of its pre-war childhood. Post-war redevelopment, too, has had its effect, and the insecure citizens of our often featureless towns require a means of self-representation and identification. Demand for such publications has also been generated by the growing consciousness of the environment, which has made the expression 'Heimat' (heritage) respectable again, and strengthened the call for the conservation of a world rooted in the past. However, modern urban history is only just beginning to function as an independent specialism in the Federal Republic (and the same applies to its eastern neighbour). It has made gradual progress in the last few years, but even so, in comparison with the sustained and varied urban history research pursued in countries such as Britain and the United States of America, Germany is an underdeveloped country. In fact, the Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik (DIFU) acknowledged as much when, as recently as April 1980, it organized a review of the field. The Federal Republic's handful of specialists were invited to Berlin for a colloquium on 'Problems in the writing of urban history'. The aim of the conference was just as much to examine the current difficulties of urban history as to stimulate further research.


Let G be a finite group generated by conjugate involutions, and let i(G) = min{|X|}, where X runs over the sets of conjugate involutions generating G. Of course i(G) ≤ 2 implies G is cyclic or dihedral. However, the problem of determining those G for which i(G) > 2 is much more intricate. In this note, we prove that i(G) ≤ 4, where G is one of the Conway's sporadic simple group. The computations were carried out using the computer algebra system GAP [15]. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 20D08, 20F05.


Key Points Question Is tele-delivered behavioral activation (tele-BA) treatment by bachelor's-level lay counselors for older adults who are depressed and homebound with low income clinically effective? Findings In this randomized clinical trial with 277 participants, tele-BA by lay counselors and tele-delivered problem-solving therapy by licensed clinicians were significantly more effective than telephone support calls in improving depressive symptoms, disability, social engagement and activities, and satisfaction with participation in social roles. Tele-BA was significantly less effective than tele-delivered problem-solving therapy in reducing depressive symptoms, but there were no differences in other outcomes. Meaning These findings suggest that tele-BA by lay counselors for older adults with low income who are homebound was an effective depression treatment.


One of the problems in elaborating an ex-post interbranch balance of production and output distribution is that of arriving at direct and full expenditures of some products on the production of others and of calculating corresponding cost coefficients.


Sl. No. Title Page No. 3.1. Pictorial representation of sample school 179 3.2 Major facets of structured interview schedule for dropout children 181 3.3. Major facets of structured interview schedule for school teachers 181 3.4 Major facets of structured interview schedule for SDMC member 182 3.5 Major facets of structured interview schedule for parents 182 4.1 Percentage distribution of Sample school by rural and urban 195 4.2 Percentage distribution of Stage wise sample school 196 4.3 Percentage distribution of type of school building 202 4.4 Graphical representation of sample schools by the year of establishment 203


1. Introduction We are representing academic project named mappinG_Ray which is XML [1] based scripting language for broad usage developed on Java 2 [2] language. First of all it is important to notice that mappinG_Ray is not an independent standalone script language. It is heavy specification and implementation of Interpreter [3] design pattern[4] for your Java code as a whole. It is a mean for controlling your classes in some way. The specific of this control type is that it is scripted. Your mappinG_Ray code is not an ordinary source code, because it is not compiled, but interpreted. You can change the behavior of your system without recompilation, just by changing script sources. mappinG_Ray doesn't pretend to replace Java – it is just another way to work with its objects. mappinG_Ray is based on Java reflection [5] . The idea of creating mappinG_Ray was founded while developing one serious external protocols communication system. Let's imagine a big Java -based system (A), which needs to "communicate" with other systems using specific protocols (B). A wants to send request to B and get response on it (work sample of synchronous protocol). That request can be in the form of XML, specific text format recognized by external system or it can even use Java objects to hold data to be carried as request. How should we form a request? Well, we can hardcode request logic in Java sources and put an end to it. Our Java code will take A system objects and will form request in appropriate type. But if mapping will change we will need to change Java code heavily and make recompilation. It is rather slow and inconvenient, especially when system is rather big/complicated and developers are split. There is another, more flexible way of resolving this issue. By adding one more tier we can delimit request mapping from other request details. Let Java code know, how to send request and how to get answer but mapping itself is rather fluid and it is better to move this piece of work somewhere else. This "somewhere else" is mappinG_Ray code. While developing A system, mentioned before, we did use approach of scripted tier, but it was too dumb and inconvenient. The word mapping here shows the general task we had while developing A system: mapping data from native system to protocol-specific format or vice versa. Originally, mappinG_Ray was developed as XML specification and sequence of operators corresponded to tags with attributes. Why not in ordinary text form? Using of XML give some advantages.


The following research was carried out in the Unit Cap. Edmundo Chiriboga Educational Unit. with the participation of the baccalaureate students of the third year, room "A" of the Riobamba city, province of Chimborazo during the academic period 2016-2017. Its purpose is to determine the Interpersonal Inteligence, the competences are described that develop this of intelligence. The research was justified because it has a social relevance and the benefits that generate to improve the reality of education in this institution. The study was based on the theory of Multiple Intelligences of Howard Gardner and conceptualizations provided by different authors. The research is approached according to the type of descriptive study, with a non-experimental design, the population was 40 students of Third Year of Baccalaureate Cap. Edmundo Chiriboga Educational Unit, the research doesn`t requiere a sample since it has been worked with a small population. The Social Skills Scale test was used, consisting of 33 questions and 4 items. After analysis and the interpretation of the results, it is possible to determine interpersonal intelligence. Student Constitute the social skills improvement System-Rating Social that have different profiles in which some of them develop certain specific contexts and possess difficulty in other similar situations.


Vehicle seat, in particular motor vehicle seat, having a seat part (103) as a first module and a back (104) and a second assembly, wherein at least one of these assemblies laterally disposed side walls (106) which (in each case by an electro-mechanically driven, pivotable side cheeks carrier 108 ) can be set as a setting means (108) in its shape and / or orientation, wherein a control of the provided side walls carrier (108) according to an evaluation of the lateral acceleration, and according to at least one sensor constructed as a pressure-measuring sensor (130, 134, 136) is made of at least a part (130) at each side beam carrier (108), characterized in that arranged of the side beam carrier (108) part of the sensor (130, 134, 136) as Mesblase (130) is formed, and that the in a protected area assembly (104) one of the Mesblase (130) resembling comparison bladder (136) is arranged, wherein the Mesbl ase (130) and the comparison bladder (136) via tubes (132, 138) with a pressure difference sensor (134) are connected.


Data recorded by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, frequency deviations derived from a CW-HF Doppler sounding system, and geomagnetic field strength variations obtained from ground-based magnetometers were analyzed to study the ionospheric and geomagnetic solar flare effects. A model of flare radiation was constructed from synthetic flux intensities and satellite X ray observations, and corresponding ionospheric frequency deviation and electron density at various altitudes were calculated. The evolution of solar EUV and X ray radiation and associated maximum values responsible for frequency deviation and geomagnetic field strength for various flux intensities of the excess solar radiation were studied in detail. It was found that during a solar flare, not only the magnitude of solar radiation, but also the rate of its change dramatically affects the maximum ionospheric frequency deviation. However, the results confirmed that only the intensity of solar radiation determines the magnitude of geomagnetic field strength.


In order to evaluate the forage productivity and the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Megathyrsus maximus cultivars (Massai, Mombasa, Kenya, Tamani, Tanzania and Zuri), an experiment was conduct under natural environmental conditions in the savannahs of Roraima. The highest yields of green dry matter (GDM) were found with cultivars Zuri (4,317 kg ha) and Mombasa (4,115 kg ha), followed by Kenya (3,868 kg ha) and Tamani (3,755 kg ha), while Massai (3,341 kg ha) and Tanzania (3,225 kg ha) were the least productive. GDM yield was directly correlated with leaf area index and inversely proportional to tiller population density (TPD). The cultivars Tanzania and Kenya had the highest number of tiller leaves and leaf appearance rates, while the highest leaf expansion rates were estimate in cultivars Zuri and Kenya. The highest average length of tiller leaves was estimate in the cultivars Zuri and Mombasa. Leaf senescence rates were inversely proportional to TPD and Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 8, e652986054. 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6054 3 the highest recorded with the cultivars Mombasa and Tamani. The six cultivars of M. maximus showed satisfactory forage yields and can be recommend for cultivation in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the of Roraima's savannas. The determination of morphogenic and structural characteristics can contribute to the establishment of appropriate and specific management practices for each cultivar, aiming to optimize its productivity and reduce losses due to leaf senescence.


The staff of the enterprise communities has both strong will to improve their credentials and job abilities,and learning desire to enhance their personal quality in culture.But they are commonly weak in self-learning,especially not adapted to the long-distance learning modes under the digital learning environment.Recently,the education of the enterprise communities still cannot satisfy the requirement of the staff's life-long learning.The education for the enterprise communities must grasp the principles of practicability as well as these of teaching setup and teaching practice according to their requirements.Thus,it is possible to increase the effect of their life-long education by improving the staff's ability in digital learning,setting up a perfect incentive mechanism for digital learning,enhancing the database construction in internet,and deepening the reform in test.


Theism has unparalleled explanatory power and atheism is irrational. The discernment of the nature of God, however, requires that our eyes be opened in and through the perception of Jesus Christ as God made flesh. The God of the Bible, God with us as Jesus Christ, is a covenant God and not a contract God. The imperatives of law always flow from the indicatives of grace-God's grace is not conditional, therefore, upon our fulfilling requirements. In Christ we are given to share in the one true, lived response to God's grace. By the Spirit we are given to repose in his worship, righteousness, intercessions and communion with the Father. This witnesses to the filial, as opposed to the legal, nature of God's relationship to humanity. Repentance (metanoia) requires to be seen as 'evangelical' not 'legal.' It is a response to 'good news' rather than law and divine condemnation. The gift of sharing, by grace, in the one true Amen of the sole Mediator gives rise to the all-transforming recognition that we all belong to God by right of creation and by right of redemption. This unconditional belonging reflects the heart of the Father and the fact that our relation to God is filial not legal. Reflecting this, prayer is the gift of sharing, by the Spirit, in the ongoing intercessions of our sole High Priest offered in our place and on our behalf.


Corinth. As to which prince should rule Greece, Metternich studiously avoided suggesting anyone. When the British sent him a list that included the names of two Austrian archdukes, he asked that their names be removed. Sedivy also explores Metternich's views on religion, especially Islam. He regarded it as a faith that did not proselytize and whose laws had little to do with nonMuslims. Real religious intolerance he found to be among Christians. The Armenian Orthodox (as Sedivy labels them) were intolerant of Armenian Catholics and the Greek Orthodox intolerant of Greek Catholics. He opposed any Christian protectorate over the Holy Land, because Christian groups were more likely to persecute other Christians than Muslims would persecute anyone. Besides, the Holy Land was sacred to all three Abrahamic faiths, and the least likely to be intolerant toward others were the Muslims. In the 1820s Metternich regarded the greatest threat to the existence of the Ottoman empire as coming from Russia. In the 1830s, as the Greek question faded and France invaded Algeria and supported Muhammed Ali of Egypt, he viewed France as the empire's most serious threat. As in the case of Russia, he believed that the French threat could be neutralized by effective diplomacy, and in the end it was. Metternich comes across as a progressive. He was as interested in the economic development of the Austrian monarchy and the Ottoman empire as he was in political stability. He favored improved commerce on the Danube, and his agents lobbied in Constantinople for the Ottomans to clean up the portion of that river below the Iron Gates, although with little success. He, like other European statesmen, was interested in Ottoman reform, especially since most agreed that it was best for the Concert of Europe if the Ottoman empire were not only preserved but strengthened. Metternich encouraged reform in Turkey, much like Alan Reinerman has portrayed his interest in reform in Italy. If the empire would pursue improvements and especially fairness in administrative, judicial, economic, and humanitarian matters, the public would not be inclined toward revolution or to demand participation in government. Metternich argued that Mahmud II, the most important reformist sultan of this period, had to institute reforms that conformed to Ottoman custom and tradition rather than merely plunk down western institutions and ideas in a society that did not understand them. And Metternich insisted that the one institution that underlay Ottoman custom and tradition was Islam. Reform had to conform to Islam, which was the only unifying ideology in the empire. Such thoughts might have benefitted American and NATO policies in the 2000s.


Two different kinds of nuclear power plants produce a substantial amount of spent fuel annually in Korea. According to the current projection, it is expected that around 60,000 MtU of spent fuel will be produced from 36 PWR and APR reactors and 4 CANDU reactors by the end of 2089. In 2006, KAERI proposed a conceptual design of a geological disposal system (called KRS, Korean Reference disposal System for spent fuel) for PWR and CANDU spent fuel, as a product of a 4-year research project from 2003 to 2006. The major result of the research was that it was feasible to construct a direct disposal system for 20,000 MtU of PWR spent fuels and 16,000 MtU of CANDU spent fuel in the Korean peninsula. Recently, KAERI and MEST launched a project to develop an advanced fuel cycle based on the pyroprocessing of PWR spent fuel to reduce the amount of HLW and reuse the valuable fissile material in PWR spent fuel. Thus, KAERI has developed a geological disposal system for high-level waste from the pyroprocessing of PWR spent fuel since 2007. However, since no decision was made for the CANDU spent fuel, KAERI improved the disposal density of KRS by introducing several improved concepts for the disposal canister. In this paper, the geological disposal systems developed so far are briefly outlined. The amount and characteristics of spent fuel and HLW, 4 kinds of disposal canisters, the characteristics of a buffer with domestic Ca-bentonite, and the results of a thermal design of deposition holes and disposal tunnels are described. The different disposal systems are compared in terms of their disposal density.


Abstract Congenital microcephaly with simplified gyral pattern has been well documented in the literature. It is characterized by a head circumference of less than two standard deviations for age associated with abnormal sulcation. In its mild presentation, this entity is usually described as an isolated anomaly. It presumably results from a brain insult associated with hypoxic–ischemic damage, intracranial infection, or metabolic disease. Rhombencephalosynapsis is a rare condition usually consisting of vermian agenesis or severe hypogenesis, fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, and apposition or fusion of the dentate nuclei. There are several recent studies focusing on each one of those entities individually, but they do not show any correlation/association between the two of them. This is a case report of an 8-year-old child with neurodevelopmental delay who had episodes of seizures up to 3 years of age. An MRI scan showed marked craniofacial disproportion with dominance of the face over the skull, simplified gyral pattern associated with hypogenesis of the cerebellar vermis, and communication of the folia in the posterior segments of the cerebellar hemispheres. In this case report, we will briefly discuss cerebellar embryology and the process of cortical differentiation, as well as possible associations between rhombencephalosynapsis and other brain abnormalities.


Objective To develop a backup battery automatic maintenance device for first-aid and life-support medical equipment,which can keep the equipment working while interruption of power supply.Methods The device consists of backup battery automatic maintenance unit,battery discharge voltage sampling unit,AC and battery auto switch unit,AC power failure alarm unit and battery limited low voltage alarm unit.Adopted AT89S51 single chip machine to automatic maintain backup battery.Results According to the control procedure,the device can automatic charge and discharge.Besides,it can monitor the voltage of the battery.Conclusion The device can be used in sundry first-aid and life-support medical equipment and other equipment which need to use backup battery.


The genetic variation analysis of 45 isolates of Verticillium wilt pathogen was conducted through ITS(internal transcribed spacer) sequences and ISSR(internal simple sequence repeat) markers.One hundred and seventy-eight polymorphism bands were obtained from ISSR markers.Based on the clustering result of ISSR marker data,pathogenicity and ITS sequence of the strains,forty five isolates were divided into three groups: V.dahliea with weak virulence,V.dahliea with strong virulence,and V.nigrescens.The polymorphism of ISSR has some kind of correlation with pathogenicity,but no obvious relationship with the preserved years of the strains.All the isolates present the typical molecular marker pattern,except that the strain 394 appeares single site mutation.


Tobacco industry is a pillar industry or important industry in some western provinces.But now it faces a technical pressure fromabroad because of the perfectly improved processing technology of western counˉtries,and the emergence of numerous creative and scientific achievements.At present,the cigarette types change quietly,the requests for reducing harm increase continuously,the tobacco industry in Western China shows an unsatisfactory trend in competing with its foreign competitors.The overseas enterprises attach imporˉtance to brand strategy and price tactics,but the Chinese western firms lag far behind.When Chinese western firms realize the importance of marketing,their competitors have already consolidated their established market by providing good services.Therefore,there exists a big discrepancy at management level.


textabstractUsing the concept map method, this study revealed patient characteristics that are important for treatment selection decisions in patients with personality disorders. Concept mapping is a specific type of structured conceptualization process and describes the underlying structure of specific phenomena. The method uses qualitative and quantitative methods. In this study, we integrated a literature investigation with the opinions of 29 experts in the field of treatment allocation and/or personality disorders. Our goal was to reduce and describe the number of patient characteristics that are important for treatment allocation in personality disorders. The concept map procedure resulted in eight patient characteristics: (1) severity of symptoms, (2) severity of personality pathology, (3) ego-adaptive capacity, (4) motivation and capacity for a therapeutic alliance, (5) patient's social system, (6) social demographic variables, (7) traumata, (8) treatment history and physical examination. This report describes in detail the concept mapping procedure and the outcomes are discussed.


Gradient-index rod lenses (SELFOC® micro lens)1) have been widely used in medical optics devices, such as an endoscope which is an optical device for visualization in body cavities.2) The basic structure of the gradient-index rod lens of the endoscope is shown in Fig. 1. It consists of two types of gradient-index rod lenses which are called the objective lens and the relay lens. The object is imaged onto the rear face of the objective lens and this image is transfered to the back of the relay lens.


This list includes results of measurements made during 1974-1978. When requested, MASCA corrected dates (Ralph et al, 1973) are reported.


The papper views the issues of cooperation with social partners of a pedagogical college, their participation in the experimental activity on the development of innovative models of training future elementary school teachers.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the presence of a dose–response relationship between work hours and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a representative sample of U.S. workers. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 1926 individuals from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1986 to 2011) employed for at least 10 years. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to estimate the dose–response relationship of work hours with CVD. Results: A dose–response relationship was observed in which an average workweek of 46 hours or more for at least 10 years was associated with an increased risk of CVD. Compared with working 45 hours per week, working an additional 10 hours per week or more for at least 10 years increased CVD risk by at least 16%. Conclusion: Working more than 45 work hours per week for at least 10 years may be an independent risk factor for CVD.


[Purpose]To study the effect of drinking green tea on the incidence of gastric cancer.[Methods]A population based study was conducted in Dafeng,Jiangsu province,including 641 cases with stomach cancer and 1 847 normal controls.The role of green tea consumption on stomach cancer was investigated.Interaction between green tea drinking and potential risk factors of stomach cancer was also investigated.[Results]Inverse association was observed between green tea drinking and stomach cancer risk(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.35~0.58).After adjusting for potential confounding factors,OR of green tea drinking was 0.42(95%CI:0.32~0.55)for stomach cancer.Protective effect of green tea drinking on gastric cancer was increasing with the increasing of drinking duration,concentration and quantity of green tea drinking,with dose-effect relationship.Certain interaction was observed between green tea and other risk factors of stomach cancer.[Conclusion]Green tea drinking might be a protective factor on the risk of stomach cancer.


Through an analysis of city ruins in Dynasty,a new method different others on ruins protect has proposed considering: Firstly start with the exploding,protects of famous person's residence garden in Tang and Song Dynasty,relying mainly on garden virescences based theoretically on the tactics of landscape design in Tang and Song Dynasty.Then combine modern social living needs,spread over a whole area from one point,from one to the district,protect and develop by stages,form different function areas progressively,build the rational and intact ruins protection zone in city ruins of Luoyang in dynasty finally.


Blood gas analyses of cutaneous samples obtained from premature infants have been carried out. The results obtained on 10 infants suffering from recurrent attacks of apnea are reported. The classification of the material falls into three groups:


.............................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Aims ......................................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................................ 15 1.4 Theoretical Frameworks ......................................................................................... 16 1.5 Research Questions ................................................................................................ 17 1.6 Importance of Study ................................................................................................ 17 1.7 Overview .................................................................................................................. 18 Reflexive Interlude 1 – Epiphany in a Milkfloat ............................................................... 20 Chapter 2: Literature Review ............................................................................................ 23 2.1 Expertise .................................................................................................................. 23 2.11 An Introduction to Expertise ............................................................................. 23 2.12 Components of Expertise .................................................................................. 26 2.13 Definitions of Expertise ..................................................................................... 29 2.14 Broad Research Traditions and Theories of Expertise ................................... 30 2.15 Recent Developments in Expertise Literature.................................................. 35 2.2 Sports Coaching ...................................................................................................... 42 2.21 Sports Coaching Research Related to Expertise ............................................. 42 2.22 Common Characteristics of Expert Sports Coaches ....................................... 43 2.23 Implications for Coach Learning and Education ............................................. 46 2.24 Conceptualisations of Expertise Development in Sports Coaching .............. 48 2.25 Implications for Coach Development ............................................................... 50 2.3 Learning ................................................................................................................... 57 2.31 Learning as Becoming ....................................................................................... 57 2.32 Learning as Dwelling ......................................................................................... 65 2.4 Bourdieu's Theory of Practice – A Feel for the Game ........................................... 70 2.41 The Hysteresis Effect – Lacking a Feel for the Game ...................................... 78 2.5 Phronesis ................................................................................................................. 80 2.51 Phronesis and Sports Coaching ....................................................................... 88 Reflexive Interlude 2 Postcards From the Journey ...................................................... 93


Sword koro (Canavalia ensiformis) is one of the local beans commonly used by the community as raw material for making tempeh. Sword M. pruriens have the advantage of being easily cultivated because they are acid-resistant and dry-resistant (Gozal, 2015). In its processing, the M. pruriens contain cyanogen glucoside (HCN) so that when consumed directly it will have a negative effect on the body. The content can be removed by heating, soaking and fermenting. Besides the processing of beans, the other most important part is the stripping process. The epidermis of the koro sword is thick enough so that if it is done traditionally it will result in fatigue for workers and requires a long time. In previous studies that have been carried out there are deficiencies in previous tools that need to be repaired, and therefore will be redesigned on these tools. Some of these parts include the dimensions of the tool, stripping space, and the position of the lever that is not right. As the main media for peeling the koro sword. By considering using anthropometric data and the TRIZ method as a medium for designing the koro sword paring tool, a solution has been obtained. The dimensions and position of the parts used are in accordance with the average height of the human body in Indonesia and the stripping space is changed from vertical to horizontal with a rotary disc.


Intestinal obstruction in the newborn might be due to atresia, stenosis, annular pancreas, malrotations, duplication cysts, meconium ileus, meconium plug syndromes, neonatal small left colon syndrome, Hirschsprung's disease, neoplasias, trauma, and some other rare causes. Mesenteric cysts are rare intraabdominal benign tumors without any characteristic clinical findings with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 up to 1 per 250,000 hospital admission. They have an identical pathogenesis, but may have different histopathological derivation and structures.Treatment of mesenteric cyst is indicated if it becomes symptomatic as a result of the enlargement of the cyst or complications.We outline the presentation, management and histological findings of 10 neonates who presented to this hospital from 2016–2017.Out of the 10, 3 were diagnosed antenatally and 7 postnatally. Abdominal distension and intestinal obstruction were the presenting features. All underwent surgical resection and the post operative period was uneventful. Out of these 4 were duplication cysts, 3 were mesenteric cysts, 2 ovarian cysts and one chylolymphatic cyst.A successful management of a newborn suffering from bowel obstruction depends largely on making a prompt diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis usually could be based on the history, physical examination and simple radiographic studies. Lack of specific symptoms makes mesenteric cysts a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge , undoubtedly awareness of the circumstance would direct to earlier diagnosis with proper treatment.


Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, on rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) pretreated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. Methods: PASMCs were pretreated with PDGF-BB (60 ng/ml) or PF (20 μmol/L) under normal conditions. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Western Blot was used to measure the expression of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and phospho-JNK (p-JNK). The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results: CCK-8 analysis indicated that PDGF-BB induced the proliferation of PASMCs, and this effect was significantly inhibited by PF treatment (PF treatment = 0.63 ± 0.02, PDGF-BB = 0.71 ± 0.01, n = 3, P < 0.01). Under PDGF-BB pretreatment conditions, PF significantly decreased the proportion of S-phase (PF treatment = 24.63 ± 0.13, PDGF-BB =51.35 ± 0.40, n = 3, P < 0.01) increased the proportion of G0/G1 and G2/M, and inhibited the phosphorylations of p38 MAPK and JNK, but not ERK1/2. In addition, PF markedly down-regulated the expression of PDGF-BB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β1, in PASMCs. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that PF inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs induced by PDGF-BB. The underlying mechanism is in part mediated by the down-regulation of the activation of p38 MAPK/JNK pathways. Moreover, PF alleviated inflammation.


Vertical and horizontal etching of resist was investigated in order to propose modifications to the existing models of plasma etching of resist with oxygen plasmas. Ion bombardment proved to influence dramatically the vertical etch rate, while it also influenced the horizontal etch rate. The horizontal etch rate of a thin resist layer was higher than that of a thick resist layer. These observations are compatible with the model that free oxygen atoms may travel over relatively long distances over inorganic surfaces before binding themselves to the constituents of the resist. The model of adsorption-desorption, however, is not adequate.


William Bedell STANFORD : Aeschylus in his Style. A Study in Language and Personality. Pp. iv+147. Dublin: University Press (Oxford: Blackwell), 1942. Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. THIS is a detailed analysis of the elements composing the style of Aeschylus, combined with an attempt to explain them, where possible, as illustrative of the poet's temperament. Such an attempt, if not carried too far, may be interesting and illuminating, and in the case of Aeschylus the task is not more difficult than in that of other authors in whom certain personal characteristics appear to have been strongly marked—Carlyle, Byron, and many others. Professor Stanford's attitude in the matter is judicious and his conclusions in this regard are not likely to be disputed; they are in the main based on Aristophanes, whom he rightly regards as the foundation of all later criticism of Aeschylus. His analysis of stylistic elements is also in the main very sound, though in some points there is room for difference of opinion, and, where it threatens to become 'dryas-dust', it is nearly always relieved by touches of human interest or by comparison with modern writers. The book should certainly be useful to students of Aeschylus and to systematic students of language.


This paper investigates how store environment variables (ambient, design, sales promotion) and positive emotion drive impulsive buying behavior and thus regret of consumer's local gift stores in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire is used to collect data from 90 respondents in a store of local gift surveys conducted in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Research limitations/implications – In the structural model tested with PLS (Partial Least Square), the authors found that store environment drove impulse buying through positive emotion. The result shows that positive emotion did not influence impulse buying behavior. This paper also did not find support for the relationship between impulsive buying and regret. Practical implications – The authors suggest that shopkeepers of local gift store must improve the store environment to increase level of impulse buying. Specifically, they need to focus on enhancing of ambient factors, design, sales promotion to encourage impulse buying. Originality/value – This study tested the impact of the antecedents and consequences of impulsive buying.


We study the problem of rationing a divisible good among a group of people. Each person's preferences are characterized by an ideal amount that he would prefer to receive and a minimum quantity that he will accept: any amount less than this threshold is just as good as receiving nothing at all. Any amount beyond his ideal quantity has no effect on his welfare.


To the editor, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the worst prognosis among all common malignant solid tumors, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of less than 10% [1]. Few effective targets for anticancer therapy have been confirmed in pancreatic cancer. Recently, it was substantiated that pancreatic cancer patients carrying deleterious mutations of the DNA damage response (DDR) genes are more likely to benefit from platinumbased chemotherapy [2] and poly(adenosine diphosphateribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor [3]. The DDR genes are involved in the activation of cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair pathways that maintain genomic integrity and prevent the generation of potentially deleteriousmutations which have been identified as potential novel therapeutic targets in a variety of tumors [4]. The classical DDR pathways are divided into eight categories: direct repair (DR), mismatch repair (MMR), base excision repair (BER), and nucleotide excision repair (NER), representing pathways involved in DNA single-strand break repair, Fanconi anemia (FA), translesion synthesis (TLS), nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), and homologous recombination (HR), representing pathways involved in DNA double-strand break repair [4]. Some DNA damage sen-


The discussion on this subject at the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society continues to elicit from surgeons of wide experience confirmatory evidence of the fact that a very considerable number of cases of cancer are far more permanently cured of their disease than used to be thought possible some years ago. Another point also seems clear, namely, that it is not altogether by a rigid selection of cases that these successful results have been obtained. No doubt all modern knowledge tends to emphasise the advantages of early operation in cancer ; nevertheless, the cases in which long intervals of immunity, or even cure, have resulted from operation have not been exclusivley those in which early operation has been done. Some of them, indeed, have been


A country house, mysterious sightings and unscrupulous mine owners provide the ingredients for a very English adventure. The author also wrote "Young Indiana Jones and the Tomb of Terror" and "Young Indiana Jones and the Princess of Peril".


Thunder and lightning monitoring and location system in Shenyang was introduced,including four thunder and lightning stations,one data processing center,many display terminals and communication network.Some thunder and lightning parameters such as time,position,intensity,polarity of thunder strike could be obtained quickly by this system.Aimed at some technology problems in practice,the solutions were pointed out.Some system installation problems such as network layout,monitoring network information transmission and various terminal accesses ways were also indicated.And work principles,system functions and applied conditions of thunder and lightning monitoring and location system were expounded.


We study how adverse economic shocks influence political outcomes in authoritarian regimes in strong states, by examining the 2013-2015 export slowdown in China. We exploit detailed customs data and the variation they reveal about Chinese prefectures' underlying exposure to the global trade slowdown, in order to implement a shift-share instrumental variables strategy. Prefectures that experienced a more severe export slowdown witnessed a significant increase in incidents of labor strikes. This was accompanied by a heightened emphasis in such prefectures on upholding domestic stability, as evidenced from:(i) textual analysis measures we constructed from official annual work reports using machine-learning algorithms; and (ii) data we gathered on local fiscal expenditures channelled towards public security uses and social spending. The central government was subsequently more likely to replace the party secretary in prefectures that saw a high level of "excess strikes", above what could be predicted from the observed export slowdown, suggesting that local leaders were held to account on yardsticks related to political stability. Filipe R. Campante School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and Department of Economics Johns Hopkins University 1740 Massachusetts Ave NW Washington, DC 20036 and NBER firstname.lastname@example.com Davin Chor Tuck School of Business Dartmouth College 100 Tuck Mall Hanover, NH 03755 and NBER email@example.com Bingjing Li National University of Singapore Department of Economics Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences AS2 #04-41, 1 Arts Link, Singapore 117570 Singapore firstname.lastname@example.com


The least squares method (LSM) is used to optimize the coefficients of a closed-form correlation that predicts the annual energy use of buildings based on key envelope design and thermal parameters. Specifically, annual energy use is related to a number parameters like the overall heat transfer coefficients of the wall, roof and glazing, glazing percentage, and building surface area. The building used as a case study is a previously energy-audited mosque in a suburb of Kuwait City, Kuwait. Energy audit results are used to fine-tune the base case mosque model in the VisualDOE{trade mark, serif} software. Subsequently, 1625 different cases of mosques with varying parameters were developed and simulated in order to provide the training data sets for the LSM optimizer. Coefficients of the proposed correlation are then optimized using multivariate least squares analysis. The objective is to minimize the difference between the correlation-predicted results and the VisualDOE-simulation results. It was found that...


Through Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations (HPP Law), the Value Added Tax (VAT) has increased which has resulted in polemics in the community. The increase in VAT coincides with the rise of the country after the COVID-19 pandemic and conflicts between developed countries. This is a normative research type using secondary data consisting of primary legal materials in the form of legislation and secondary legal materials, namely literature. The collection of legal materials is carried out by library research. The data processing technique is carried out by the syllogism method using deductive thinking patterns. The results of the study stated that the increase in VAT through the HPP Law was in accordance with Pancasila Justice. The US-China conflict for Indonesia has significant implications for the Indonesian economy, especially in the export sector and stock investment. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict for Indonesia has implications for trade performance and a severe impact is the increase in global energy prices. This increase put pressure on fiscal conditions. With the increase in VAT, this is a social engineering carried out by the government to change lives for the better. The formulation of Pancasila justice is that the state has a dual role to protect the obligations and rights of its people. Due to limited power, the dual role cannot be carried out by the state so that it requires mutual cooperation with the people so that justice can be achieved. The fact that is not realized through the increase in VAT is that economic democracy: from the people by the people and for the people; then social welfare will be achieved.
Keywords: Justice, Pancasila, Tax, VAT


The formalized axiomlogy construct the new foundation for research of an existential conditions of the possible worlds.Therefore the possible worlds can overcome the obstruction of the intuition and it is only restricted by logic.Son an object's describe has not the meaning of the material axiomlogy, and its existential situations are restricted by the axioms and forms the possible worlds with translator, valuation, interpreter, realization and so on.


Route security is vital to MANET operation and reliability. If a malicious host can inject itself into the routing path or alter the routing path, route security has failed. In this paper we focus on the invisible node attack (INA), an important, unsolved wireless network attack. We provide an INA formal definition and show why proposed solutions throughout the literature have not eliminated this critical attack. Since there is no existing INA solution, we provide a discussion on its potential impacts on ad hoc routing protocols.


Verticillium dahliae isolates assigned to subgroups A and B of vegetative compatibility group 4 (VCG 4A and 4B) were tested for virulence to potato and ability to interact with the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans in field microplot and greenhouse experiments. Microsclerotial inocula and the Verticillium-susceptible potato cultivar Superior were used. No differences in virulence were found between isolates from VCG 4A and 4B when plants were grown in soil infested with V. dahliae only. In contrast, plants grown in soil infested with V. dahliae isolates from VCG 4A plus P. penetrans exhibited higher disease severity and had lower tuber yields than plants grown in soil infested with V. dahliae isolates from VCG 4B plus P. penetrans [...]


A duty cycle correction device comprises a first controllable delay configured to delay a first signal to provide a second signal, a second controllable delay configured to delay the second signal to provide a third signal, first fixed delay, which is configured to delay the second signal to provide a fourth signal, a second fixed delay configured to delay the first signal to provide a fifth signal, and a circuit that is configured to adjust the first controllable delay and the second controllable delay to phase lock said third signal with said fifth signal.


Objective: The aim of this systematic review to evaluate the effects and possible therapeutic relevance of interleukin-7, a novel immunoadjuvant agent, against sepsis. Data Sources: We have searched PubMed, Scopus, LILACS and SciELO for any study which had IL-7 as intervention for sepsis. Study Selection: For each source, a single author was chosen to select all studies based on title and abstract. The remaining two authors then proceeded to read the complete text for relevance assessment. Results: Eleven sources were retrieved, consisting of six studies performed on animals, four on ex vivo human cells, and a single clinical trial. Several parameters were evaluated and reported, such as improved animal survival (3 trials; n= 264); improved cell count, activation, cytokine secretion, proliferation and survival; and higher patient CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte count (1 trial; n= 27). Major limitations were the heterogeneity of studies and the complexity of sepsis presentation. Data Extraction: Any data related to IL-7 intervention in septic patients was extracted. Animal and in vitro data was chosen according to outcomes in either overall survival or immune response markers. The data extraction from each study was conducted by a single author and then revised by the other two. Bias was assessed by all three authors together, without any specific methodology. Conclusions: Although IL-7 as a potential therapy option for sepsis still requires further investigation and clinical evaluation, current studies show promising results of how the interleukin could act against the disorder.


This essay seeks to understand the significance of Jean-Baptiste Greuze's unusual hairdo, which was a topic of discussion in several accounts as well as obsessively illustrated in several images of the artist, by himself as well as others. By surveying the visual and verbal evidence of Greuze's coiffure, the author seeks to understand the construction of identities made possible by his unusual hairstyle. The article posits Greuze's apparent desire to use the coiffure to refer to a classical persona who exists outside of normal time, as well as an inspired creator. The most extensive account of the artist's coiffure, a reference to it in Charles Dufresne's Cahiers, refers to the origin of the hairstyle in terms of its significance to the artist's creative and social identities. Further, the art of hairstyling holds special significance as a symbol of artistic creativity in a larger sense.


By measuring the change of indexes such as VO2max,LT,VT,HR and VE of female cyclists in Guangdong before and after 4-week intensified aerobic training,the authors observed the change of aerobic stamina,and revealed the following findings: 1)there were no significant changes in VO2max and VT(P0.05);2)before and after training,VO2max,LT and VT were significantly correlative with HR(P0.05);3)at VT and LT,the correlation with HR was significant;the coefficient of correlation was-0.592(P0.05);the regression equation is Y(HR at LT)=218.120-0.343 x(HR at VT).Conclusions: 1)4-week aerobic stamina intensified training(LT strength) failed to significantly improve the levels of VO2max and VT of the female cyclists;2)controlling training intensity by means of HR is scientific and rational;3)HR at VT measured in a laboratory needs to be calibrated before it is used in actual training.


At least a part of an outer edge of a surface where a circuit forming region, for example, of a semiconductor substrate that forms a semiconductor chip is arranged (a region surrounded by a scribe line around the circuit forming region) is cut or polished, so as to form a smooth slope is chamfered non-parallel and non-vertical to the circuit forming region. Then, a code indicating management information is assigned to the slope. Further, a plurality of semiconductor chips are stacked to manufacture a semiconductor device.


The paper describes design issues of a mobile service robot for health care applications and domestic automation. Key components required for achieving semi-autonomous operation are surveyed, including: 1. a highly maneuverable locomotion platform, 2. an anthropomorphous manipulator, 3. a reliable multisensor system, and a 4. multimodal human-robot-interface. In addition, related information processing and control methodologies are presented. Special emphasis is put on a system architecture for integration of the individual components into a full-size service robot. Performance and usefulness of the proposed approaches are demonstrated through experiments in various real-world service scenarios.


The authenticity and traceability of meat products are issues of primary importance to ensure food safety. Unfortunately, food adulteration (e.g. the addition of inexpensive cuts to minced meat products) and mislabelling (e.g. the inclusion of meat from species other than those declared) happens frequently worldwide. The aim of this study was to apply a droplet digital PCR assay for the detection and quantification (copies μL⁻¹) of the beef, pork, horse, sheep, chicken and turkey in meat products. The analysis conducted on commercial meat showed the presence of traces of DNA from other animal species than those declared. We show that the method is highly sensitive, specific and accurate (accuracy = 100%). This method could be adopted by competent food safety authorities to verify compliance with the labelling of meat products and to ensure quality and safety throughout the meat supply chain, from primary production to consumption.


Although Japan and Russia have economic and security incentives to agree to a compromise settling the sixty-nine-year-old Northern Territories dispute, domestic political concerns pertaining to nationalism remain the key impediment to resolution.


This article explores the concept of family language policy in relation to child agency and parents' discourse strategies in the context of the Latvian diaspora. Research is based on four interviews with parents from three countries: the United Kingdom, Norway and Greece. Respondents were recruited through Saturday/Sunday schools in the diaspora, addressing Latvian speakers who work there or whose children attend these schools. Both parents of all four families analysed in this study use Latvian at home. Data were collected using the Zoom platform during spring 2023 and are part of a larger study about family language policies in the diaspora. Currently, data are also gathered using methods such as audio recordings of interactions between parents and children and online classroom observations in Latvian (Saturday) schools. The main research questions for this article are: which language ideologies underlie language practices (language choices) at home involving parents and children, and which parental discourse strategies are used in families with regard to the multilingual language practices of their children.


Carboxylated polypyrrole-silica colloids are synthesized in aqueous media by the oxidative copolymenzation of molar equivalents of pyrrole and 1-(2-carboxyethyl) pyrrole in the presence of ultrafine (20 nm) silica particles [see Maeda et al., Macromolecules 28, 2901 (1995)]. The resulting nanoparticles have a diameter of ∼100 nm as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and disk centrifuge photosedimentometry and obtain 24–43 wt. % of silica. The conducting polymer component imparts intense coloration to the nanoparticle and the silica component ensures good colloidal stability. The surface carboxylic groups allow the covalent attachment of biological ligands of interest, such as antibodies. Thus these functional nanoparticles can be used as colored "markers" for immunodiagnostic assays.


Activity peaks characteristic of the chloroplastic Calvin cycle enzymes triose-phosphate isomerase, ribose 5-phosphate isomerase, and fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase are found in isoelectric focusing patterns of dark-grown pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings and seeds. Apparently, in this higher plant these three chloroplastic isoenzymes can be formed in the absence of light and of chloroplast formation.


Article abstract More and more women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime and most of them will survive (Canadian Cancer Society, 2019). However, their return to work following the care trajectory is often accompanied by multiple challenges (Caron, 2020). This article presents the results of a support group aimed at fostering the return-to-work process (RTWP) of women who had been afflicted by breast cancer. The group program was based on the


With the fact that our country enters to WTO,the industrial technology is develops quickly.Development of industrial design has already entered a frontier.The talented person culture has also brought forward a series of new requests to industrial design at the same time.The article has set forth the new ideas of improving the pattern about the industrial design personnel form three aspects,if want to achieve this single-step,must renew education concept,Deepen an education reform.


Fake data,missing data,redundancy data have very important influence on data quality when dealing with the report.This essay uses a method(AHP) to analyze the data report for customers,then order Data for quality.It will help the costumers to make decisions on the base of data quality analyses.


Cloud computing is a new style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as service over internet. Resource procurement of cloud resources is an interesting and yet unexplored area in cloud computing, to automates the selection of resources for cloud vendor becomes a challenging issue in recent years. This problem is solve by using three novel mechanism for cloud vendor with resource procurement: cloud-dominant strategy incentive compatible (C-DSIC), cloud-Bayesian incentive compatible (C-BIC), and cloud optimal (C-OPT). In C-OPT modules, where the resource allocation is performed based host winner value, the major issue of the work is that authentication is performed for each cloud user. To solve security issue problem in the cloud resource procurement approach, in this work introduce a novel expectation maximization (EM) algorithm for cloud optimal modules resources. The proposed EM methods are used for finding maximum likelihood depends on unobserved latent cloud resource variables for virtual cost and quality of service constraints. To authenticate the cloud user data, cryptography method is introduced in this proposed work. The proposed cryptographic method follows the procedure of Elliptic curve cryptography for authenticating users and cloud vendors. Key values between the cloud user and cloud vendors are exchanged. Each and every key is verified by both cloud user and cloud vendor. If the key value anyone becomes wrong the resource Procurement is not allocated to cloud user, since these users becomes unauthenticated user, there are not allowed to performed resource Procurement process. A cloud broker with such a procurement module enables users to automate the choice of a cloud vendor. Our experiments indicate that the resource procurement cost decrease by calculation of the expectation maximization algorithm and more security than the existing COPT methods by using the elliptic curve cryptography with increase in number of cloud vendors irrespective of the mechanisms.


1. Physical performance capacity was assessed before and after injection of cyanocobalamin and a placebo for thirty-one Burmese male subjects whose age ranged from 18.7 to 20.8 years. 2. The subjects chosen were free from anaemia and were paired on a 'weight-age' basis and divided into two groups. 3. One group received an injection of 1 mg cyanocobalamin and the other was given a placebo injection three times weekly for 6 weeks. This was done on a 'double-blind' basis. 4. There was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the criteria measured, before and after administration of either 1 mg cyanocobalamin or placebo injection. So also there was no significant increase in any of the measurements in the subjects after receiving cyanocobalamin injections compared with those receiving the placebo.


A wall-stabilized arc in a polytetrafluoroethylene nozzle was investigated. Very similar arc properties as in the ablation dominated high-current phase of SF6 circuit breakers were expected. Spectroscopic measurements of arc temperature profiles were performed. Spectral lines of fluorine and ionized carbon were observed. The side-on intensities of optically thin spectral lines were measured. Abel inversion was applied and the emission coefficient was determined. Temperatures of 16 000 to 18 000 K in the arc centre were obtained at various times of the current pulse. The pressure values were in the range 10–30 bar and arc currents varied from 10 to 20 kA. In the framework of the model, radial temperature profiles were determined with an accuracy of ±4%.


Policies on financial assistance to students of impoverished families and qualification standards have been implemented.In order to understand how well the policies have been put into effect,the author makes a cluster sampling survey.The results show that the financial aid system adopted at present has fairly satisfied most of the students of impoverished families in that it can meet their requirements.There are still,however,some deficiencies,such as deviations from the existing qualification standard,the lack of integration of financial aid resources,and ignornace of dynamic changes.Based on the problems concerned,the article advances such suggestions as more serious considerations on the qualification standard,integration of resources,and emphasis laid on factors associated with students' satisfaction and dynamic changes of these stuedents.


FIELD: biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biotechnology, particularly to recombinant production of coagulation factors, and can be used for expression of human coagulation factor IX (hFIX). Method comprises constructing plasmid for expression of hFIX in CHO cells, consisting of field of replication start OF plasmid pUC, open reading frame of beta-lactamase (bla) and procariotic gene promoter bla; section of a terminal repetition EBVTR, functional promoter and first of elongation factor 1 alpha Chinese hamster, flanked 5' untranslated region of said gene; open reading frame gene coding hFIX; internal site IRES EMCV; open reading frame DHFR expressed in bicystronic mRNA together with gene coding hFIX; and functional terminator gene elongation factor 1 alpha Chinese hamster, flanked 3' untranslated region of said gene. EFFECT: higher efficiency of product hFIX. 15 cl, 3 dwg, 3 tbl, 7 ex


ALEKSI LEHTOVIITA: Asset Management and Asset Tracking in Finnish Healthcare Tampere University of Technology Master of Science Thesis, 80 pages, 4 Appendix pages April 2016 Master's Degree Programme in Materials Engineering Major: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Examiners: Professor Minna Kellomäki, Professor Saku Mäkinen


Skeletal muscle (SKM) is an energetic organ with a high degree of plasticity. Different environmental stimuli as exercise or cold, but also physical inactivity, lead to complex molecular regulations that result in metabolic adaptations of the SKM and the whole body. Key factors in SKM plasticity and whole body energy homeostasis are the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family including three members, PGC-1α, PGC-1β and PGC-related coactivator (PRC). The PGC-1s are coactivators and hence use transcription factor binding partners (TFBP) in order to regulate their target genes. The complexity of transcriptional control might even be increased by epigenetic alterations, mainly DNA methylation.
The aim of my thesis was to study the regulation of global molecular mechanisms by SKM PGC-1α and PGC-1β leading to muscle plasticity in various environmental contexts. We combined diverse experimental, computational and multi-omics approaches such as chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIPseq), RNA sequencing (RNAseq), reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated proteins) genome editing technology in skeletal muscle systems in vitro and in vivo and investigated the effect of external stimuli as cold or exercise in different PGC-1α/β genotypes.
Our data show that various interventions like acute and chronic exercise have different methylation profiles or combined with cold-induced muscle shivering, individual transcript profiles in wild type (WT) mice. A time-dependent correlation of DNA methylation with gene expression was observed, however dissimilar in acute and chronic exercise. Furthermore, we dissected potential memory marks on the DNA by methylation following chronic training in mice. In addition, we could show for the first time a role of PGC-1α, not only in exercise performance but as well in altered transcriptome and methylome profiles subsequent to exercise and changed transcription profile to cold stimulation, by using muscle-specific PGC-1α knockout (MKO) mice. Thus, PGC-1α is a major contributor in global metabolic control by the regulation of a transcriptional network through multiple TF interactions and its involvement in epigenetic alterations. To further investigate the PGC-1α network, the Ppargc1a locus multiplex epitope tag knock-in mouse, which we generated by the CRISPR/Cas technology, will serve as a platform for future studies. This genetic mouse model allows now detailed evaluation of PGC-1α isoforms as well as the identification of new TFBPs under diverse contexts and in different tissues, due to non-tissue-specific epitope tags at the proximal PGC-1α promoter. However, in C2C12 myotubes we could show that PGC-1α regulates its target genes either by direct TF binding or indirectly. Even more, the genomic context of guanine-cytosine (GC) and cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) amount affects PGC-1α recruitment and allows the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), a known TFBP of PGC-1α in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, to regulate PGC-1α target genes without coactivation by PGC-1α but by interaction with the TF specificity protein 1 (SP1). Contrarily, we observed that PGC-1β acts mostly indirect on its target genes and only to a very small extent direct on the DNA by TF binding.
Taken together, our data provide new knowledge of the functional role of PGC-1α and PGC-1β in SKM metabolism. The involvement of transcriptional regulation and epigenetic control under basal, acute and chronic exercise conditions as well as in cold-induced muscle shivering, adds a next piece of puzzle to the complex network regulated by these coactivators. Our findings help to understand the mechanism of SKM plasticity and open new signaling pathways and targets, which will, complemented with further studies, support the development of novel therapeutic strategies to cure myopathies and fight against metabolic disorders and other pathophysiological conditions.


The article reveals the structure and basic components of adaptive model of college students to their future vocational activity, it represents the principles and conditions of forming vocational and adaptive competences of specialists-to-be, it determines the criteria and students' adaptive levels.