2005). C. albicans is uniquely adapted to mammalian com-mensalism, yet has the ability to filament and cause viru-lence as an opportunistic pathogen (Dujon 2010). While C. albicans and the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae share a large number of predicted genes overall, there are significant differences in their genomes, including differences in size, ploidy, codon translation, and gene family expansions (Dujon 2010). Notably, it has become evident that nonhomologous genes in these yeasts have convergent functions, and similar orthologs have divergent functions with a remarkable degree of transcriptional rewiring evident (Whiteway et al. 1992). Even minor differences, such as in yeast secretion, which is highly conserved in eukary-otic cells, lead to distinctly different phenotypes (Delic et al. 2013). The exocyst complex, which has been extensively studied in S. cerevisiae, is an evolutionarily well-conserved octameric complex involved in the final stages of secretion. Exocyst subunits and related proteins involved in exocytosis are well conserved among filamentous fungi; however, there is increasing evidence of distinct functional roles of exocyst subunits in C. albicans that are related to virulence, unveiling the complex nature of this fungal pathogen. Polarized secretion is the key cellular process by which secretory cargo is transported in vesicles and directed to specific sites in the plasma membrane to facilitate fundamental cellular functions such as cell growth, morphogen-esis, and cytokinesis (Heider and Munson 2012). Processes such as the asymmetric formation of a yeast bud prior to mitosis and cytokinesis to produce a daughter cell, formation of hyphae in response to environmental stimuli, and delivery of basolateral and apical proteins in a mamma-lian intestinal epithelial cell are all dependent on polarized secretion (Heider and Munson 2012; TerBush et al. 1996). The final stages of secretion that lead to exocytosis, depend Abstract The exocyst is an octameric complex that orchestrates the docking and tethering of vesicles to the plasma membrane during exocytosis and is fundamental for key biological processes including growth and establishment of cell polarity. Although components of the exocyst are well conserved among fungi, the specific functions of each component of the exocyst complex unique to Candida albicans biology and pathogenesis are not fully understood. This commentary describes recent findings regarding the role of exocyst subunits Sec6 and Sec15 in C. albicans fila-mentation and virulence. Commentary Candida albicans is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen , and is the fourth most common cause of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients in the U.S. …


Objective: To explore the correlation between adult personality and alexithymia.Methods: The investigation was carried out in four villages with a total of 1,440 households in Xinxiang,Henan.From them 310 were randomly selected to be subjects,and administered Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale assessment,and then made descriptive statistics,Pearson correlation were conducted to the 288 valid questionnaires.Results: The psychoticism of personality had significant positive association with extroverted thinking(r=0.246,P0.01),but had no association with the ability of description affection(r=0.053,P0.05) and fantasy(r=0.026,P0.05).Extroversion and introversion dimension had signification negative association with fantasy(r=-0.162,P0.01),and had signification negative association with the ability of distinguishing affection from physical feeling(r=-0.181,P0.05) and extroverted thinking(r=-0.151,P0.05).Neurotism dimension had signification positive association with the ability of description affection(r=0.433,P0.01) and the ability of distinguishing affection from physical feeling(r=-0.154,P0.01),while had negative association with fantasy(r=-0.154,P0.01).Conclusion: The personality of adult had significant association with alexithymia.


We have designed, fabricated and optimized an all-optical nanosensor that utilizes surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) combined with a molecular interface to selectively probe local, in vivo environments.


A buried‐heterostructure laser has been developed whose output is deflected to a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface by a monolithically integrated 45° (parabolic) mirror. The latter is fabricated by smoothing a chemically etched multistep structure using a mass‐transport phenomenon. The present devices show threshold current as low as 12 mA, differential quantum efficiency as high as 47% and a surface‐emitting far‐field pattern with a main lobe as narrow as 12°.


Canst thou not minister to a mind diseas'd, Pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow, Raze out the written troubles of the brain, And with some sweet oblivious antidote Cleanse the stuff'd bosom of that perilous stuff Which weighs upon the heart?


In this study we have developed an improved model of net migration that encompasses both equilibrium and disequilibrium components. Instrumental-variables fixed-effects estimates of the model with time-series data for 51 areas [in the United States] over the period 1971-1988 support the importance of both equilibrium and disequilibrium factors in migration. (EXCERPT)


Digitalization of Information is information resources computer based. The application provide a variety of summary information on the ASEAN member countries include information on the location of the region, profiles, culture, economics, geography, national anthem, images and video art culture of each country. Digitalization ASEAN was created as a learning tool for users among elementary school students grade 4 and grade 5 or especially among the public. This application program that is designed to provide an attraction to the user to search information about the ASEAN member countries which are presented interactively with the buttons and features images and animations are dynamic so that the view information can be more interesting and easily understood. This application was


Height profiles of atmospheric water vapor obtained using a multiple-wavelength Raman lidar are examined. The water vapor profiles exhibit vertical structure with scales on the order of the resolution of the lidar (75 m). To determine whether such structure is atmospheric in origin, measurements obtained simultaneously in a common volume at two independent wavelengths were compared. Correlation of the gradients of the water vapor profiles obtained from these two wavelengths yielded an average correlation factor of 0.88. It was also observed that for the given meteorological conditions, the vertical structure decorrelated with a time constant of approximately three hours.


Smart agriculture or smart farming is the application of Internet of Things to growing crops with the potential of saving labor and resources, more fine-grained control in watering and fertilization, and more accurate gathering of information about planting environment. In this research, we developed a Smart Hydroponic farm using Internet of Things technology to investigate its benefits comparing with regular hydroponics farm. Lettuce was chosen as the testing crop. Our smart farm can monitor the growing environment and adjusts nutrient solution, air temperature, and air humidity according to the situation automatically. The results show that lettuces from smart farm has on the average around 36.59% higher weight, 17.2% more leaf, and 13.9% larger stem diameter than ones from a regular farm. The nitrate content of Smart farm lettuces is also 8.24% better.


To the Editor: Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes account for approximately 40% of families with evidence of inherited susceptibility to breast cancer but for only 2–3% of all breast cancer cases. However, these genes are highly penetrant, and mutations in either of these genes confer a 60–85% lifetime risk of breast cancer and a 15–40% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer (1). Mutation analysis in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is cumbersome and expensive, because both genes are extremely large, with a total cDNA of 16.7 kb, and mutations are scattered throughout the entire coding region. It is therefore imperative for genetic counselors to be able to efficiently identify those patients in real need of the complete genetic analysis of both genes. An overrepresentation of the rare subtype of medullary breast carcinoma among patients with mutations in the BRCA1 gene has recently been reported, while this is not occurring for the BRCA2 gene (2–4). The inclusion of the histology of medullary breast cancer as an independent selection criterion for referral to BRCA1 mutation analysis, besides family history and age, has been proposed as a possibility for genetic counseling (2–4). However, in a recent investigation of 42 cases of typical and atypical medullary breast cancer, only three BRCA1 mutations (7%) were detected, and these were among young patients with a significant family history (5). It has also been proposed that besides family history, other morphological and biological features of breast cancer could improve the efficacy of BRCA1 mutation screening (6, 7). It is now realized that the tumor phenotype of BRCA1 mutation carriers differs significantly from the phenotype of sporadic breast cancer, while the phenotype of BRCA2 tumors lies somewhere in between. BRCA1 tumors tend to be of a higher grade and higher mitotic index than the sporadic cases (8). They are often negative for both estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PgR) and are associated with aneuploidy, high S-phase, and presence of p53 somatic mutations that confer a far more aggressive pattern in the BRCA1 tumor compared with a sporadic one (8). In the most recent and largest of all cohorts of cases with a BRCA1 germline mutation (n1⁄4 165), these observations were substantiated and three immunohistochemical markers emerged as the ones showing significant difference compared to sporadic breast cancer: 90% and 79% of the BRCA1 tumors were negative for the presence of the hormone receptors ER and PgR, respectively, and 97% of them were negative for the overexpression of the c-erbB-2 oncogene (9). Our data agree with the above remarks and we also suggest to include a fourth parameter: an estimate of the tumor proliferation with either the Ki-67 proliferation marker assessed immunohistochemically or the proliferation profile obtained from cytometry which in our BRCA1 tumors is always extensive (10, 11). The goal of our study was to test for the above two proposals and examine their validity alone or in combination in a group of medullary carcinoma patients. Medullary carcinoma of the breast is rather scarce (<3% of breast cancer cases in most populations), but we managed to collect phenotypic and genetic data from 17 Greek patients suffering from this rare subtype. Patients were asked about their family history in counseling sessions. After informed consent, mutation analysis was performed on genomic DNA isolated from blood leukocytes employing a combination of the Protein Truncation Test (PTT) for the large exon 11 of the BRCA1 gene and DNA sequencing on an ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer (Perkin-Elmer, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) of the other small exons and all exon/intron boundaries of the BRCA1 gene (including exon 11) (10). Complex rearrangements constituting about 10% of BRCA1 mutations were not covered by our mutation detection methods. Histological diagnosis and classification in the corresponding tumor specimens on hematoxylin and eosin slides were based on criteria previously described (12, 13). We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the LSAB methodology by using the following monoclonal antibodies for the four phenotypic parameters mentioned above: 1D5 (ER), 10A9 (PgR), MIB-1 (Ki-67), and 3B5 (c-erbB-2), all purchased from Clin Genet 2004: 65: 343–344 Copyright # Blackwell Munksgaard 2004 Printed inDenmark. All rights reserved CLINICALGENETICS doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2003.00231.x


The rapid rise in hacking and computer network assaults throughout the world has highlighted the need for more effective intrusion detection and prevention solutions. The intrusion detection system (IDS) is critical in identifying abnormalities and assaults on the network, which have grown in size and scope. IDS prevents intruders from gaining access to information in the field of network security as a result. The use of IDS is critical for detecting various types of attacks. Because the network traffic dataset contains a large number of features, the process of selecting and removing irrelevant features improves the accuracy of the classification algorithms. For the fact that a large dimension allows us to include more data, the feature vector can be built by combining different types of features. Contains a lot of redundant or irrelevant data can cause confusion. Over-fitting issues and a decrease in the generalization capacity of the model. Solving such a problem necessitates a sequence of feature selection methods the boosted maximum relevance maximum distance (BMRMD) method can report on the contribution of each feature as well as the predictive accuracy based on the best feature set. As a result, the best features in this study were chosen using the BMRMD assesses feature redundancy to determine feature relevance to the target class based on optimum ensemble feature classification


Curcumin, a compound derived from Curcuma Longa, commonly known as turmeric, is widely used as an antiinflammatory. It targets a number of pathways that are central to osteoarthritis pathogenesis. The bioavailability of curcumin is low, but new formulations are being developed. Curcumin has an excellent safety profile but consideration should be given to the possible interactions and side effects when assessing patients who are supplemented with curcumin. There is a pressing need for large-scale clinical trials in dogs and horses, along with clinical veterinary studies to identify ways to increase the bioavailability and the clinical efficacy of supplementary curcumin in the management of osteoarthritis.


Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intervention, and analyze exercise intervention strategies for adolescent depression through a meta-analysis of RCTs. Methods Accordance to PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and CNKI were searched for eligible records. Peer-reviewed studies were included if they met the following criteria: population (mean age of 10–18 years), intervention (physical activity, sport, or exercise), and outcomes (depression, adherence, ITT, dropout, adverse events, follow-up report). The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022321683). Effect sizes calculations and methodological quality of exercise intervention (TESTEX scale) were carried out. The certainty of evidence was assessed by GRADE framework. Results Thirteen randomized controlled trials were eligible for this review, which comprised a total of 433 adolescents. Compared with the control treatment, the effect of exercise on adolescent depression was moderate (SMD = −0.65, 95%CI: −1.03 to −0.27, p < 0.01). Heterogeneity was substantial (T2 = 0.30, I2 = 67%, p < 0.01). The moderating effect analysis showed that exercise intervention characteristics (organization form, exercise frequency, exercise intensity, exercise type, and single exercise session duration) of included studies varied greatly revealing multiple factors that may impact the antidepressant effect of exercise on adolescent depression (I2 > 50%, p < 0.05). Three studies show that the positive effect of exercise on reducing depression in adolescents remained 40 weeks after the intervention. Moreover, owing to the included studies contained methodological limitations, the certainty of evidence was reduced to moderate level. Conclusion This study shows that exercise intervention has a moderate and sustained positive effect on adolescent depression. Our results recommended that adolescents with depression undertake moderate to high intensity group mixed exercise for more than 12 weeks, 20 to 60 min/time, more than 3 times/week. Additionally, our study also shows that the antidepressant effects remained for a long time after the end of exercise interventions. However, following the GRADE framework, we rated the certainty of evidence the primary meta-analysis as moderate evidence due to some limitations of included studies. Therefore, rigorous studies are still needed to verify the results. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=321683], identifier [CRD42022321683].


Shaykh Nawawi al-Banteni is a famous scholar who has produced many scientific works in the archipelago. Among his works is the book Nasa'ih al-'Ibad which is exegesis from the book al-Munabbahat 'Ala al-'Isti'dad Li Yaum al-Ma'ad by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and the book Tanqih al-Qaul which is exeges from the book Lubab al-Hadith by Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti. Both of these works are a reference in several pesantrens in Indonesia and are also widely taught in certain suraus, halakah and mosques. However, the in -depth study of the method of syarh the hadith of the book is rarely noticed by the users of the book. Therefore, it is important to explain the method of syarh hadith found in these two books in order to know its status and also to measure the extent of the author's knowledge in the knowledge of hadith. This study intends to explore the method of syarh hadith by Shaykh Nawawi in the book Nasa'ih al - 'Ibad and Tanqih al-Qaul . The purpose of this study is to analyze the method of syarh hadith used by Shaykh Nawawi and reveal the extent of his knowledge and status as a scholar of hadith through the books of Nasa'ih al-'Ibad and Tanqih al-Qaul . The methodology of this study is qualitative through the method of content analysis by focusing on the books of Nasa'ih al - 'Ibad and Tanqih al-Qaul . This study found that there are similarities and differences in the methodology of exegesis hadith in the books of Nasa'ih al - 'Ibad and Tanqih al-Qaul by Shaykh Nawawi al-Banteni. In addition, he also has good ability and knowledge in the knowledge of hadith.


This paper presents an overview of the results of NavTech, an architectural framework to support the development of reliable large-scale applications. Several concrete protocols designed under the NavTech framework were published along the years, but most of the architectural innovations together with the skeleton protocols had remained unpublished. We identify the fundamental building blocks and the relevant connections among them that make it possible to support a wide range of applications. The architecture explicitly addresses the issues of scale by admitting clustering, and relying on a hierarchical network model (a WAN-of-LANs). Besides, it features a novel membership structure, based on the site-participant hierarchy. This membership skeleton supports in turn a hierarchy of protocol building blocks. Inside each block, different algorithms can be constructed by microprotocol composition, achieving different specializations of the architecture. NavTech protocols further enjoy the topology awareness property, which enhances their scalability.


As states increasingly use algorithms to improve the legibility of society, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is common for concerns about the expanding power of the algorithm or the state to be raised in a deterministic manner. However, how are the algorithms for states' legibility projects enacted, contested, and reconfigured? Drawing on interviews and media data, this study fills this gap by examining Health Code (jiankangma), the Chinese contact tracing and risk assessment algorithmic system that serves as the COVID-19 health passport. I first explore the intensive and invisible work and infrastructures that enact and stabilize Health Code's sociotechnical assemblage. I then show how this assemblage is frequently challenged and destabilized by errors, breakdowns, and exclusions. Facing unintended engagements from heterogeneous social actors, local interests, and power hierarchies, Health Code reassembles into multiple and contradictory assemblages at different periods and social localities. Finally, I examine how people game and bypass the algorithm's surveillance with their agencies. Recognizing this messiness and heterogeneity contributes to a more nuanced and realistic understanding of states' use of algorithms, including the risks. Doing so also urges us to rethink the politics of citizenship and inequality in the digital age beyond inclusion.


Presently,college ideological education falls into trouble because of its higher objective,old contents and tedious mechanism.To overcome this,innovation is of vital importance.The view of developing by science,as the guideline of all current work,is of course adaptable to college ideological education.tbhe practice proves that ideological education could follow the times only if it is under the guidence of the view of developing by science.


As the energy and environmental crisis intensifies, controlling total carbon emission in electric power industry has been an important way to achieve the goals of energy conservation and emission reduction. Beijing and Tianjin have lanched carbon trading pilot successively. As a part of the co-ordination, it's imperative for Jibei to join carbon trading. Controlling the total carbon emission can't be separated with making carbon initial quota, which will certainly influence generating capacity of generating enterprises in Jibei. Consequently, Jibei grid should purchase more clean electricity in outside province. Firstly, common methods of carbon quota distribution have been introduced in this paper and three scenes of carbon emission reduction have been set. Then, generating capacity in Jibei has been calculated in three scenes, and the influence of purchasing power in outside province on Jibei grid has been analyzed. Result shows that Benchmarking and target constraint are both feasible and allocation scheme can be chosen reasonably based on the actual situation.


It is a joy as well as an honour to speak to you today about a subject that has been at the heart of my service on the Supreme Court. The American Bill of Rights, guaranteeing freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and the press, along with other important protections against arbitrary or oppressive government action, provides a noble expression and shield of human dignity. Together with the Civil War Amendments, outlawing slavery and involuntary servitude and ensuring all citizens equal protection of the laws and due process of law, the Bill of Rights stands as a constant guardian of individual liberty. My object this afternoon is not to argue that one or another right should be included in a catalogue of legal entitlements-that the American Bill of Rights is superior, for example, to the European Convention on Human Rights. Nor do I wish to join issue with Professor Hart, whose work has so enlightened us all, on the relation between law and morality or the extent to which legal rights, such as those enshrined in the American Constitution, have a conventional or naturalistic ground. My question is rather: why have a bill of rights, that is, some fairly general codification of civil liberties, at all? This is a large and difficult question. Part of the problem is its woolliness. The utility of a bill of rights cannot easily be gauged before its contents are specified. And even once the rights it protects have been defined, its efficacy depends upon whether those rights are subject to elimination or amendment or suspension by the executive or the legislature; it depends upon who is charged with enforcing them; and it depends upon the speed and nature of the mechanism through which they may be vindicated. Another part of the problem is that the need for a bill of rights varies with a community's culture, history, and political structure, as well as with the problems confronting it at any given time. Needless to say, I cannot consider all the permutations to which these considerations give rise. To make some headway, I shall therefore resort to some simplifying assumptions. First, I take as paradigmatic of a bill of rights the European Convention and the American Bill of Rights as supplemented by the Civil War Amendments. Among the liberties protected are freedom of speech, religion, publication, and association; freedom from compulsory self-incrimination, from arbitrary searches, arrest or detention, and from cruel or unusual


Highway agencies traditionally have used simple methods to estimate missing values in their data sets since traffic data programs were established in the 1930s. A literature review shows that current practices for imputing traffic data are varied and intuitive. No research has been conducted to assess imputation accuracy. Typical traditional imputation methods used by highway agencies were identified in a study and used to estimate missing hourly volumes for sample traffic counts from Alberta, Canada, to examine their accuracy. It was found that such models usually resulted in large imputation errors. For example, for imputing missing data of a traffic count located on a commuter site, the 95th percentile errors for the traditional methods are usually between 10% and 20%. Advanced models based on genetic algorithms, a time-delay neural network, and locally weighted regression developed in the study show higher accuracy than traditional imputation models. Most of the 95th percentile errors for genetically designed neural network models tested on the same count are below 6%. For genetically designed regression models, the 95th percentile errors are less than 2%. Study results based on the sample traffic counts from different trip pattern groups and functional classes show that underlying traffic patterns have some influence on imputation accuracy. However, genetically designed regression models still can limit the 95th percentile errors to less than 5% in most cases. It is believed that such accurate imputations should be able to supply satisfactory data for decision making at both planning and operation levels.


neuraxial block: report on the Third National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102: 179–90 2 Kou J, Fischgrund J, Biddinger A, Herkowitz H. Risk factors for spinal epidural hematoma after spinal surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002; 27: 1670–3 3 Ishihara H, Kanamori M, Kawaguchi Y, Osada R, Ohmori K, Matsui H. Prediction of neurologic outcome in patients with spinal cord injury by using hyperbaric oxygen therapy. J Orthop Sci 2001; 6: 385–9 4 Murakami N, Horinouchi T, Sakurai M, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy given 30 minutes after spinal cord ischemia attenuates selective motor neuron death in rabbits. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 814–8 5 Marton LS, Wang X, Kowalczuk A, Zhang ZD, Windmeyer E, Macdonald RL. Effects of hemoglobin on heme oxygenase gene expression and viability of cultured smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000; 279: H2405–13 6 Regan RF, Panter SS. Neurotoxicity of hemoglobin in cortical cell culture. Neurosci Lett 1993; 153: 219–22 7 Matz P, Weinstein P, States B, Honkaniemi J, Sharp FR. Subarachnoid injections of lysed blood induce the hsp70 stress gene and produce DNA fragmentation in focal areas of the rat brain. Stroke 1996; 27: 504–12, discussion 513 8 Ganjoo P, Singh AK, Mishra VK, Singh PK, Bannerjee D. Postblock epidural hematoma causing paraplegia. Case report. Reg Anesth 1994; 19: 62–5


To effectively solve the problems faced by modern electrical engineering, the design of an electrical automation control system based on artificial intelligence technology is realized. A model of electrical automation control system based on an artificial intelligence algorithm is presented. The control parameters are optimized by using the artificial intelligence algorithm control strategy. The research results show that when there is 20% load interference and 2.1 Hz frequency interference, the maximum failure rate of the turbine under system control is 0.02, indicating that the system has high anti-interference. Therefore, in the automatic control of electrification, the application of the artificial intelligence algorithm can greatly improve the control response time of the automatic control of electrification, save cost, and achieve efficient production.


Objective To evaluate the application and the value of high-frequency ultrasound to CDFI-guided Mammotome minimally invasive operation.Methods Seven hundred and eighty women with breast lesions received high-frequency ultrasound and CDFI to label and localize the lesions.The whole operation was guided and observed under high-frequency ultrasound and CDFI.Results The lesions with the diameter under 3.0 cm were removed successfully.Conclusion The high-freguency ultrasound and CDFI-guided Mammotome minimally invasive operation is effective in the treatment of breast lesion with small trauma.


Address for Correspondence: Dr Archana Goel, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, MMIMSR Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. E-Mail: email@example.com Background: Sexual dimorphism and estimation of stature from various measurements of the body is of value in anthropology as well as for forensic sciences for personal identification or medico legal purposes. The present study dealt to find out sexual dimorphism, correlation between stature, foot length and foot breadth and developing a regression equation for stature estimation from foot length and foot breadth. Materials and Methods: Study was done on 150 males and 150 females of hilly areas of Himachal Pradesh. Age group ranged between 21-35 years. Foot length and Foot breadth of both the feet were measured by osteometric board and height was measured by flexible measuring tape. Results: In males mean and S.D. of right foot length and right foot breadth are 24.80 ± 2.10 and 8.57 ± 0.68 respectively while mean and S.D. of left foot length and left foot breadth are 24.71 ± 2.08 and 8.55 ± 0.67. In females mean and S.D. of right foot length and breadth are 22.98 ± 2.03 and 8.03 ± 0.67. While mean and S.D. of left foot length and breadth are 22.86 ± 1.98 and 7.99 ± 0.63. Mean height in males is 168.83 ± 6.20 while in females it is 163.54 ± 5.17. All the measurements were measured in cm. Foot index obtained showed higher value for females than males. Conclusion: It is concluded that foot dimensions and height were significantly more in males. Significant correlation was found between foot dimensions and stature in both the sexes. Present study provided the regression equations to estimate stature from the foot dimensions among the Hilly area population of Himachal Pradesh. It would be unwise to use the same equations for stature estimation for different Indian populations.


Background: Incretin is a gut-derived peptide and one of the enhancers of insulin secretion. Previous studies have reported that a major incretin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is decreased in p...


Jackson Lears is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University and Editor in Chief of Raritan: A Quarterly Review. He is the author of No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880–1920, which was nominated for a National Book Critics Circle Award, and Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America, which won the Los Angeles Times Book Award. He is also the author of Something for Nothing: Luck in America and of Rebirth of a Nation: The Making of Modern America, 1877–1920. Among other topics, he has written on cultural hegemony in the American Historical Review, on modern art and advertising in American Quarterly, and on memory and power in the Journal of American History; he has also co-edited two collections of essays, The Culture of Consumption and The Power of Culture. Lears has held fellowships from the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, the Guggenheim Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Winterthur Museum, the Smithsonian Institution, the Shelby Cullom Davis Center at Princeton University, and the Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture at the University of Virginia. He received the Public Humanities Award (for "making ideas current") from the New Jersey Council for the Humanities, and in 2009 was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has been a regular contributor to The New Republic, The Nation, The Los Angeles Times, The London Review of Books and The New York Review of Books, among other publications. He is now at work on a book to be published by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, with the working title The Wild Card: Animal Spirits and American Modernity.


LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Singh et al and Singh and Shalimar papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15633 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16011


The structure of the complete bornological vector space has beenstudied and related concepts, such as quotient, product and direct sum ofcompletion of bornological vector spaces. The study also implied conceptsof Cauchy net in the basis of converge net in convex bornological vectorspace.


PURPOSE: A device and a method for performing neutralization titration using LED color sensor are provided to easily obtain a measurement value by displaying a titrating solution used amount of the color change holding time as a digital record. CONSTITUTION: A device for performing neutralization titration using LED color sensor comprises a biuret(110), a mixer(120) and a sensor(130). The biuret discharges the sample accepted to inside to beaker. The fixed amount of reaction agent puts into in the beaker. The mixture of the reaction agent and the sample put in beaker is mixed. The sensor detects the color change in the inside of beaker mixture.


Method for transmitting data via data networks (1) with at least two participants (3, 4), wherein the data networks have at least one non-real topological real-time domain (6) and a topological domain time ( 7), and data messages (11) sent over data networks (1) have an identifier which is different for real-time messages and messages non real time, where the data messages from the domain to time not real (7), coming within the portion of data in real time (13) is temporarily delayed by a switching unit (10) and transmitted to the data portion of non-real time (14), characterized in that the switching unit (10) performs data transmission via the data network (1) with a combination of repeat function and switching function.


Maliciously delayed tuition has become a common problem that has already negatively impacted upon the future of higher education.Shortcomings in the tuition collection system and outdated registration information are causing tuition collection to be out of harmony with the entire college enrollment system.This article suggests three methods of coping with these problems.First,improve the rigor and the discipline of the collection system and standardize the charge system.Secondly,set up a reasonable and efficient system of charging tuition.Thirdly,further promote people's morality and credibility.


 Abstract— Gulf States characterized by its strategic geographical location and huge reserves of oil and natural gas. It is also characterized by a high potential for the production of power from renewable energies such as wind, solar and wave energy. However, these capabilities were untapped in previous decades due to the cheap oil and gas energy production for the region because these countries are the oil and gas producers. In recent years, because of the high rise in oil prices in world markets, and its coincided with the plight of the deterioration of the financial markets in 2008 and its consequences with the Arab Spring incidents and ended up regionally and globally. Each of these variables has made the attention of decision-makers heading to the Gulf renewable energy, especially after the Gulf environment began to suffer from pollutants emitted from the exploration, production and transportation of oil and gas field as well as burning it in power stations. The steps taken by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a shy at regional and global levels but nonetheless it is the first step of a thousand miles. This study shows the steps undertaken by the GCC countries to improve the environment and reduce the damage that has beset them, and the plans to move to the stage of optimal use of renewable energy. The biggest and most important obstacle in the face of the spread of renewable energy is to the high government support for electricity and fuel prices. As the citizens of the region need to educate the evils of environment pollution and the pros of using renewable energy.


A rapid, sensitive, and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method is developed for simultaneous quantitation of mangiferin and isoquercetin from dried leaf powder extract of Bombax ceiba Linn. The chromatographic separation was carried out using a Shim-pack XR ODS (75 mm L x 3 mm ID; 2.2 μm) column. The mobile phase used was 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min in a gradient elution mode. Nexera UHPLC system coupled with LCMS-8040 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with Electro Spray Ionization (ESI) source was used as a detector in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. The method was found to be simple, precise, accurate, fast, specific, and sensitive that can be used for routine quality control of dried leaf powder extract of Bombax ceiba Linn.


This paper describes work with student collaboration in a distance education teacher-training program at Vaxjo. A previous study on collaborative strategies was presented new students in order to t ...


Cryo-cellUV-LA-ICPMS is a new technique for direct chemical analysis of frozen ice cores at high spatial resolution (<300 μm). It was tested in a pilot study on NGRIP ice and reveals sea ice/dust records and annual layer signatures at unprecedented spatial/time resolution. Uniquely, the location of cation impurities relative to grain boundaries in recrystallized ice can be assessed.


A non-magnetic and high cube textured Ni-12%V(Ni12V,mole fraction) alloy substrate was developed by melting method.The fabrication processes of this tape and its essential characterizations were presented.The influence of hot rolling process before the large deformation on deformation texture of initial ingots was investigated by rolling technology.The results show that,after the optimized recrystallization annealing method,the cube texture content(10°) as high as 97.2% and the fraction of small angle(10°) grain boundaries as high as 80.8% are obtained in the Ni12V tape.The hot rolling before cold rolling is effective to improve the cube texture content,which is expected to provide a theoretical basis for fabricating other nickel-based alloy substrates.


The definition of the total momentum, position, and spin for Galilean- or Lorentz-invariant two-free-particle systems is discussed by using the requirement that the generators of the respective invariance groups should have the same form expressed in terms of them as for a single particle. Internal c.m. dynamical variables are introduced by applying the singular transformation due to Gartenhaus and Schwartz on the basic single-particle dynamical variables, the transformation mapping the whole Hilbert space onto the c.m. subspace spanned by states of zero total momentum. The form of the internal c.m. position operator is given for particles with spin, for what appears to be the first time. Using these dynamical variables, it is shown how an interaction can be introduced while maintaining Galilean or Lorentz invariance and satisfying the asymptotic condition of freely propagating particles for large separations.


To make full use of coal combustion heat energy, and for the purposes of energy savings and pollutant reductions, more than two different coal needs to optimize the preparation of coal. This article describes design and application of coal blending control system based on OLLiAS-LK large-scale PLC. It has realized the functions of automatic start and stop, interlock control, material level adjustment, speed control and others in the production process, improved the speed of the blending, realized the automation of the blending process, and reached the effects of the accurate ratio and homogeneous optimization.


With the rapid development of international cross-boarder e-commerce, the training of compound and applied talent for Business English faces new requirements and challenges. Currently, there exist many problems in training business English talent of application-oriented colleges and universities, such as the unscientific cultivating programs for business English talents, infeasible course arrangement, emphasizing on theoretical teaching while ignoring practical teaching, and the lack of "double-professionally-titled" teachers. Under the "internet + " basis background, business English teaching should focus on cultivating application-oriented business English talent by the way of building new curriculum system and teaching modes, and strengthening practical training and teacher's team-building.


AIM: To investigate the decline features of ankle muscle strength in healthy middle-aged and old sports women..METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Physical Fitness Testing Center of Shanghai Institute of Physical Education from March to May 2005.150 healthy sports women were selected from Yangpu community,Shanghai,and divided into 40-49,50-59 and 60-69 years groups with 50 people in each group.All subjects performed a task that their ankle muscle strength was tested by a computerized dynamometer named Contrex(made by CONTREX,Sweden) under isokinetic 60(°)/s.The decline features of ankle muscle strength were analyzed.RESULTS: 150 subjects were all involved in the result analysis.①The maximal torque per kg and power of ankle flexor were negatively correlated with age(r=-0.449,-0.451,p=0.002),and the correlation was significant at the 0.01 level.②The ratio of maximal torque of ankle extensor and flexor were positively correlated with age(r=0.516,p=0.00);③The maximal torque of ankle extensor and flexor declined rapidly with age in 50-59 years women,there was a significant imbalance between ankle extensor decline and flexor,that is,the flexor declined faster than extensor.CONCLUSION: ①The decline of ankle flexor and extensor strength in sports middle-aged and old women shows a correlation with age and muscle place;②That 60-69 years women participate in some appropriate sports,may stay the decline of ankle flexsor strength more effectively;③To intensify ankle flexor strength training in 60-69years women for reducing difference between ankle flexor decline and extensor,will be an effective way to prevent accidental fall..


It is difficult to measure the voltage, current and power for induction motor under non-sinusoidal power supply, and this results in distortion of the wave of voltage and current which includes many harmonics. It is not easy to accurately measure it because these harmonics interfere with the non-electrical rotation speed and cause serious fluctuations. The common method involves high cost and needs maintenance, but the voltage and current of induction motor are so easy to gain through PT and CT that the rotation speed can be estimated and measured on-line. The paper presents the modified backpropagation neural network to train the complex mapping connection between the voltage, current, power factor and rotation speed for induction motor under non-sinusoidal power supply, and introduces the modified backpropagation algorithm. Results of simulation and experiments show that it is feasible to use the soft measurement technology of the neural network to gain higher accuracy.


Aim: Surgical face masks are worn by theatre staff to protect the surgical site from airborne contamination and the wearer from bodily fluid splash. This observational/audit aimed to assess whether theatre staff wear masks in accordance with manufacturers'/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines of use. Methods: A total of 1034 surgically scrubbed staff were assessed on their technique of applying surgical face masks, compared to the CDC guidelines as manufacturers' guidelines were not available as per Health and Safety Executive guidelines. Results: Only 18% of surgically scrubbed staff fully complied with the CDC guidelines on the application of a face mask. Compliance was worst in urology, ophthalmology and vascular surgeons, whereas orthopaedic and plastic surgeons were the most compliant. Discussion: Compliance with CDC face mask guidelines may have an impact on surgical site infections (SSI) and protection of staff from body fluid splash, but most staff do not comply with these guidelines. Conclusions: Most operating theatre staff do not apply a face mask using correct technique, outlined in CDC guidance, which may increase SSI rates. Staff are not aware of existing guidelines for donning a mask.


A key is provided for the recognition of previously described Encarsia species which are known to attack the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genna-dius). 28 nominal species are included, of which type material has been examined for 22. Eight new synonymies are proposed: Encarsia aleyrodis (Mercet) and E. partenopea Masi are both synonymized with E. inaron (Walker); E. bemi-siae (Ishii) is synonymized with E. transvena (Timberlake); E. citri (Ishii) is synonymized with E. strenua (Silvestri), E. angelica Howard and E. deserti Rivnay & Gerling are both synonymized with E. luteola Howard; E. perspicuipennis (Girault) is synonymized with E. quaintancei (Howard); E. tabacivora Viggiani is synonymized with E. pergandiella Howard. E. hispida De Santis is removed from synonymy with E. meritoria Gahan. A lectotype is designated for E. porteri (Mercet). The known distributions and alternative hosts of Encarsia species attacking B. tabaci are provided as well as references to biology and notes on their use in biological control.


Yeast cells harboring a MAL2‐8c gene accumulate trehalose during the transition phase of growth on glucose due to the presence of the ADPG‐dependent trehalose 6‐phosphate synthase. Under these conditions, glueokinase appeared not to provide G‐6‐P for trehalose synthesis and the two hexokinases seemed to act synergistically. After incubation in d‐xylose, trehalose levels in these cells dropped almost in 90%, confirming the involvement of both hexokinases in the accumulation of this carbohydrate. Nevertheless, G‐6‐P levels appeared to be similar in all strains. Some explanations for this paradox are discussed. In stationary phase, neither of the three isoenzymes were involved in trehalose synthesis. Possibly, gluconeogenesis provides the substrate for trehalose synthesis at that stage.


Introduction To discover the underlying principles that translate genomic information to observed phenotypes (e.g., diseases) the study of global properties of cellular networks is essential. Any perturbation to the network, originated by a virus or drug, impacts not just the locally targeted subnetwork but spreads through out the network. This global cascading damage spreading in cellular networks is largely not understood. We have developed a method that provides a new approach to study virus-human interactions and its correlations with diseases. Our method is not specific to the virus reported here, and it involves the utilization of protein-protein interaction data obtained from various experimental methods with gene-disease correlations and patient medical history data.


The dynamic model of integrated active steering and semi-active suspension system is set up. The coupling relationship between the two subsystems of the chassis was analysed, and the evaluation indexes and quantisation formulas of the integrated system are proposed. According to the characteristics of multi-target and high-dimensional functions of constrained optimisation for the chassis system, an improved Memetic algorithm which combines with the artificial bee colony algorithm is designed on the basis of the Memetic bionic intelligent algorithm. The parameters of the chassis system are optimised, taking steering road feel, steering sensitivity and ride performance as optimisation objectives, and steering stability and steering sensitivity as optimisation constraints. The simulation results show that the integrated optimisation method can balance the relationship between the vehicle handling stability and the ride performance, thus improving the vehicle comprehensive performance effectively.


Intrusive behaviors of attackers always imply their objects and intentions,hereby a hierarchical model of intrusion intention recognition was proposed.In order to handle the uncertain message in the circumstance of computer networks,intrusion intention recognition algorithm based on probabilistic inference was presented.On this basis the future plans and goals of the attackers can be predicted in order to take actions in advance.Bayesian networks were constructed to cope with the concurrent intention recognition problems according to the relationship of network security events,goals and intentions.Feasibility and validity of this method were proved from the experiments.


A novel method for hidden-surface removal is suggested in computer-generated holograms (CGHs) with full parallax. In this method, the Babinet's principle and wave optical calculation of diffraction simplifies the hiddensurface removal processing, and prevents its computation time from remarkably increasing. Optical reconstruction of holograms fabricated by using the method is demonstrated. Kyewords : CGH, Digital hologram, Hidden surface removal, Babinet's principle 1 はじめに 計算機合成ホログラム(以下 CGH)では,3次 元仮想物体からの光波の数値合成法として点光源モ デルの光線追跡法 [1, 2]が現在最もよく用いられて いる.その理由は断層ホログラム等の他の手法に比 べて単純で立体物のレンダリングに適しているため であり,特に縦方向視差を放棄した CGHでは大き な成果をあげている.一方,全方向視差CGHでは, その演算時間 Tcはホログラムのピクセル数をMp, 仮想物体表面上に配置された点光源数をNsとして,


The mosaic of Christ crowning Roger II of Sicily in the church of Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio, Palermo has long been recognized for its Byzantine influence. While acknowledging this debt, this article calls attention to a little-discussed western influence - the fleurs-de-lis on the king's robe - and argues that although the mosaic borrowed heavily from Byzantine imperial iconography, the inclusion of lilies was meant to emphasize Roger's French connections. This study discusses the growing significance of the flower among the Capetian kings (particularly Louis VII) and investigates the broader historical context that includes the rise of the French monarchy, the development of the French state, and the nature of French identity in the twelfth century to explain why Roger would have been interested in cultivating his connections to France. In so doing, the article attempts to realign Roger with his western roots, which at times have been overlooked in favor of the exotic elements of his kingdom.


Vibronic intensities in intraconfigurational spin-forbidden luminescence spectra of Mn(V) in apatite and spodiosite lattices provide a rigorous test for a time-dependent theoretical model. The intensities are induced by spin-orbit coupling between the state corresponding to the spin-forbidden transition and a nearby state corresponding to a spin-allowed transition. Short progressions are observed in totally symmetric Mn-0 modes even though no changes in the orbital populations, bond properties, or force constants are expected. The vibronic intensities are calculated by using the numerical integration of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation and the time-dependent theory of electronic spectroscopy. The experimental emission and excitation spectra of Gudel and coauthors provide a rigorous test of the theory because the input parameters are precisely measured or constrained within a narrow range determined by the experimental uncertainty. The calculated intensities of vibronic bands in the emission spectra are in excellent agreement with the measured values. The spectra are interpreted in terms of the probability density of the eigenfunctions of the coupled systems. Trends and sensitivities of the vibronic intensities to changes in the input parameters such as coupling strength, energy separation of the states, and bond length changes between the ground and excited states are discussed.


Cryptogenic sensory polyneuropathy (CSPN) is a common disorder that is expected to increase with the aging population. CSPN is a diagnosis of exclusion, and its prevalence varies as it depends on the extent of testing and referral patterns, both of which vary between sites. Hence, the incidence of CSPN has been found to range from as high as 30% to less than 10% of all neuropathies. The lack of a clear underlying etiology in CSPN is reassuring to the physician because it means that neuropathic symptoms will not usually progress to cause severe disability or handicap. However, patients are understandably frustrated by the associated symptoms and the lack of a clear explanation for them. Furthermore, CSPN-associated pain affects sleep and activities of daily living, and can worsen fatigue. Given these challenges with CSPN, it is clear that there is an important need to help these patients, but quality studies are lacking. Many of the medications we use to treat neuropathic symptoms are borrowed from other disease treatments, meaning they are not specifically developed for CSPN, and frequently have unpleasant side effects. Furthermore, although the underlying causes of CSPN are likely heterogeneous, the pain mechanism is assumed to be similar. Barohn et al tried to find some answers to the challenging management of CSPN. Their PAIN-CONTRoLS (Patient Assisted Intervention for Neuropathy: Comparison of Treatment in Real Life Situations) study compared the effectiveness of four medications in controlling pain in CSPN. They found that there was no clearly superior drug and all the drugs performed relatively poorly, with efficacy ranging from 15% (pregabalin) to 25% (nortriptyline). In other words, around 75% of patients with CSPN did not obtain significant pain relief with the best-performing drug. However, because greater pain control and lower quit rates were observed with nortriptyline and duloxetine compared with pregabalin and mexiletine, the authors recommended that nortriptyline and duloxetine should be considered first for treatment of pain in patients with CSPN. In this issue of the Journal, Bhai et al present a secondary analysis of the PAIN-CONTRoLS study to understand the impact of CSPN treatment on sleep, fatigue, and activities of daily living using patientreported outcomes. They found that, at week 12, the cumulative quit rate was highest with mexiletine (58%), followed by pregabalin (42%) and nortriptyline and duloxetine (each 40%). Note that there were almost twice as many patients in the nortriptyline and duloxetine group than in the pregabalin and mexiletine group because of the Bayesian, adaptive design of the study. Quit rates were generally caused by either adverse events, lack of efficacy, drug cost, or insurance denial. In patients who did not quit, mexiletine performed better than duloxetine and nortriptyline on the pain scales. Pregabalin came in last. Mexiletine also outperformed the other three drugs on fatigue score. Nortriptyline came in second. None of the four drugs studied had a differentiating effect on sleep. Using the physical and mental component scores on the 12-item Short Form Survey, mexiletine was again superior to the other drugs and pregabalin performed the worst of the four treatments. Based on these results, the authors concluded that, "physicians caring for patients with CSPN should consider mexiletine to address pain and fatigue, though nortriptyline and duloxetine are better medications to trial first since they are better tolerated." Bhai and colleagues should be commended on their work. The subject is extremely challenging, and they have attempted to offer practical suggestions to the treating clinician: In patients with CSPN, try duloxetine or nortriptyline first and, if unsatisfied, consider mexiletine. However, they also remind us that all four medications had some effect on pain. So, if a patient fails one drug, it is reasonable to try a different one, especially if it has a different mechanism of action. It is important to note that other commonly prescribed drugs for CSPN, such as gabapentin or topical lidocaine ointment, were not studied but are also good options. The study has several limitations, and most were acknowledged by the authors. First, the study lacked a crossover design, which may have been helpful to determine how failing one drug can affect the chance of success with another. It is not clear if a patient's profile, such as duration of disease, number of drugs previously attempted, or lifestyle, affects their response to a particular drug. Another confounding issue is that the researchers did not track the medications for neuropathic pain that the patients used before enrollment in the trial. Hence, a patient may have already tried a certain drug in the past and had a negative experience. If this patient was assigned the same drug in this unblinded trial, they may have had a "nocebo" effect, thereby artificially reducing efficacy of the assigned drug. In addition, people with well-managed neuropathic pain would be unlikely to enroll in the trial, resulting in a population inclined to be more refractory to treatment and potentially not representative of a typical clinic patient. Given these observations, what is the clinician to do with these results? In clinic, the physician would need to choose the drug that has the fewest side effects, with the highest potential benefit, while Abbreviations: CSPN, cryptogenic sensory polyneuropathy; PAIN-CONTRoLS, Patient Assisted Intervention for Neuropathy: Comparison of Treatment in Real Life Situations. Received: 8 July 2022 Revised: 29 July 2022 Accepted: 30 July 2022


50 C elebrated with much fanfare, venezuela and China signed a "strategic alliance" in December. Under this new bilateral deal, Venezuela began sending 600,000 barrels of oil per day to China in January. In return, China will begin investing in Venezuelan mining and energy production. Deals like these are not limited to Venezuela. Indeed, since the world economic crisis began to unfold, China has signed on the dotted line with Ecuador to lend it $1 billion to build a hydroelectric plant, and with Brazil's national oil company, Petrobras, for $10 billion. In Peru a Chinese consortium has invested $2 billion to upgrade the port facility at Tacna, and $8 billion to run a new highway and rail links connecting Tacna to El Mutún, a mineral field in eastern Bolivia. China has also made $10 billion in Chinese yuan available to cash-strapped Argentina, to help it pay for Chinese imports. These are just a few examples. Compare them to the efforts of the Inter-American Development Bank, whose entire allotment for all of Latin America each year is about $11 billion. The high-gloss, made-for-flat-screen signing ceremonies between Chinese and Latin American officials are staged to portray the triumphant return of the New International Economic Order. Yes, it's true, the Global South is banding together again to trade once more. But wait a minute. Why are recent reports by the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development also hailing this increase in China–Latin American trade relations? The Bank and others like to cite the fact that Latin American exports to China grew by 370% between 2000 and the dawn of the financial crisis in 2007, dwarfing overall Latin American export growth of 62% during the period. The vast majority of those exports were in primary products—oil, soybeans, copper, iron ore, and forest products. This in part fueled unprecedented economic growth in the region. In per capita terms, Latin America grew by 4.2% each year during that period—faster than at any time in recent history. Why is the World Bank so happy about this? Is it now a champion of the new internationalism? Not if you ask them. It's because the Washington Consensus is finally working, they say. To the World Bank, China trade will reveal to Latin America that its true future lies in what it has a comparative advantage in under free trade—exporting primary commodities. So once and for all, the bank says, get the state out of the way!


Provides guidance on how to design and implement National Qualifications Frameworks, an instrument for the development, classification and recognition of skills, knowledge and competencies along a continuum of agreed levels.


and methodological approach to understanding non-normative identities and practices. Hines focuses on Canadian and UK trans studies by sociologists to emphasize the social relations through which identities and practices are constructed, and to emphasize lived experience as narrated by individual agents who both embody and resist normative constructions. Queer theory is indeed useful in thinking about non-normative identities and, when not enthralled with its own transgressive aims, it is useful in exploring and embracing competing subject positions. Arguing in favour of a queer sociological approach to the study of trans identities will not be news to trans scholars, but no doubt it has value for newcomers to the field who will appreciate Hines' efforts to clarify and justify her position.


The effects of the economic, social and institutional crisis that began in 2008 have led to a severe deterioration in the conditions of life and a massive impoverishment of broad layers of citizenship. Public authorities of the Andalusian autonomous region, responsible for ensuring the development of the social rights enshrined in the Statute of autonomy of Andalusia, refurbished in 2007 have been approving measures for social inclusion to prevent the advance of poverty and inequality in Andalusia. The decrees - law of extraordinary and urgent measures for the fight against social exclusion and its relationship with social rights are the subject of this study.


It is usual to estimate willingness-to-pay in discrete choice models through Logit models -or their expanded versions. Nevertheless, these models have very restrictive distributional assumptions. This paper is intended to examine the above-mentioned issue and to propose an alternative estimation using non-parametric techniques (through Simple index Models). Furthermore, this paper introduces an empirical application of willingness-to-pay for improved subway travel times in the City of Buenos Aires.


Myofascial pain syndrome(MPS) is characterized by its unique pathology on developing the intramuscular trigger points. The author performed the psychological tests(Cornell Medical Index, Tokyo University Egogram, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) on 46 MPS patients to clarify the psychological background. Results revealed that the MPS patients had remarkable hypochondriacal tendency with irrational way of thinking. The author concluded that it is necessary to be hypochondriacal and irrational for the formation of apparent MPS with outstanding TPs. This fact suggests that TPs in MPS are the result of deteriorated central pain control mechanism that should actually suppress the mechanical constriction of damaged muscles.


This paper proposes an analysis of banks' balance sheet, in order to appraise the public disclosure of information on interest rate risk. The aim is to verify market analyst resource to get filling information about this element, owing to the increasing consideration for interest rate risk, revealed by national and international supervisory authorities. This sound control develops from the impact of this kind of risk on bank profitability, and sometimes stability.We initially present a brief discussion concerning the most important theories on interest rate risk evaluation and management. After that, the first part of the study examines the law in force about banks' disclosure on their level of interest rate risk. The study continues by checking up consolidated balance sheet, over the period 2003-2004, for a set of Italian quoted banks, belong to Mib30 index, with special awareness to the Report on Group Operations. At last we present a comparative exercise, wherein we compare the level of interest rate risk reported on bank Report on Group Operations, to the risk profile assessed by applying to different quantitative balance sheet information the evaluation models for the measurement of interest rate risk exposure, as accepted on literature.


This article contains material of some modern electronic educational resources that can be used via the Internet to support the modern chemistry classes in specialized school. It was drawn attention to the educational chemical experiments as means of knowledge; simulated key motivational characteristics to enhance students interest for learning subjects, their cognitive and practical activity in the formation of self-reliance and self-creative; commented forecasts for creating of conditions to enhance the creative potential of students in a modern learning environment.


Let D be a domain in C and Γ be a discrete subgroup of Aut(D). It is well-known that if the quotient manifold D/Γ is compact, then D is a domain of holomorphy. Recently, CarlsonHarvey [1] showed that if JD is a domain in a Stein manifold and D —> M is a covering of a compact Moisheson manifold M, then Z> is a Stein manifold. On the other hand, we showed in [4] that if a pseudoconvex domain D in a projective algebraic manifold satisfies H\D, 0*) = 0, then D is a Stein manifold with H\D, Z) = 0. In this paper, we study the case where a covering of a manifold is not contained in a larger manifold. We shall prove the following:


Effective risk and cost management are paramount concerns for pipeline owners and operators. Leak detection systems (LDS), while having no effect on the probability of a leak occurring, limit the scope of potential damage and reduce risk. The authors propose using a stochastic simulation to quantify the economic effectiveness of these systems in mitigating these low-probability, high impact events for liquid pipelines. When considering any capital investment, it is useful to estimate its expected value; the authors propose using a stochastic simulation to perform an economic analysis on these systems – analyzing the ability of these systems to mitigate the impact of oil spills. For this methodology, each leak detection system is measured in terms of the reduction to total oil spill impact. This is accomplished by using leak probabilities to generate theoretical leaks that mimic the expected leak behavior of a pipeline. Next, probability maps are used to generate theoretical onset-toresponse times, where the generated times mimic the expected behavior of the LDS. These generated values are used as input to a cost model to estimate the total spill costs for each leak, and repeated application results in an expected value for each subsystem. The costs are converted to a present value using the internal rate of return specifi ed by the operating company. Risk is estimated with and without a proposed change to the current leak detection system; the difference between the two total spill risks is the value or impact of the proposed change. Comparing risk reduction values provides a meaningful way of evaluating LDSs and potential changes to LDSs. Additionally, it can justify the removal of unnecessary LDS components and allow comparison of proposed leak detection projects with other investment options. Background A leak detection system and its components operate in tandem with human controllers and process equipment to detect and diagnose pipeline hydraulic anomalies and respond appropriately in the event of a leak. LDSs provide an essential tool for mitigating the risks associated with operating Hazardous Liquid and Gas Pipelines. Adhering to even the best integrity management practices cannot completely eliminate the probability of a leak occurring and the associated hazards of a leak and spill, including loss of life, environmental impact and negative public perception are signifi cant. Various factors determine which LDS and subsystems are appropriate for a pipeline: government regulation, pipeline size, location, expected throughput, etc. In order to evaluate what is best for a specifi c pipeline, the authors propose that the risk Economic Benefits of Leak Detection Systems: A Quantitative Methodology Trevor Slade, Alyeska Pipeline Yoshihiro Okamoto, Alyeska Pipeline Jonathan Talor, Emerson (formerly Energy Solutions Int'l.) Midstream Oil and Gas Solutions 2 www.EmersonProcess.com/Remote April 2016 reduction through improved response time provided by the LDS be taken into account. LDSs vary in their performance and cost; the correct one should add the most value to the core business. The U.S. Department of Transportation's (USDOT) study on leak detection defi ned risk in terms of expected cost in dollars/year as: It is apparent that each strategy has a relative cost: immediately responding to all leak alarms will increase the cost of each false alarm while waiting to analyze the alarms can slow down the response. The choice of alarm management strategy depends on many factors but risk/cost analysis can help balance the need for quick leak response with the objective of maintaining stable operations. When a leak alarm successfully elicits the appropriate process response, the response will consist of manipulating pumps, closing or opening remote valves, etc. It will require time to ramp down the pumps, close remote valves, and whatever other remedial action is required. Rapid shutdown of the system is often limited by the need to prevent pipeline over-pressuring via water hammer effects. Other factors that can infl uence the total leak size are the pipeline's topography and normal operating pressures. Upon completion of the alarm response, which typically ends with complete pipeline isolation, the leak will continue until the static head directly upstream of the leak drops to or below atmospheric pressure. This dynamic depends on remote valve and check valve selection and locations and the elevation of the pipeline. Methodology Prerequisites In order to evaluate how LDSs can improve leak response, data about their characteristics and behavior must be gathered. Flow rate based LDSs can be vetted by performing commodity withdrawal tests if already in place, and with software based methods, such as those described in PSIG 05A12. Using such methods, it is possible to obtain a performance curve for a given LDS and leak rate, where the cumulative probability of detecting a leak is plotted against time after leak onset. A set of these curves over various leak rates can be considered the "performance map" of that LDS. The performance map used for the sample cases in this paper is shown in Figure 1. For observational LDSs, such as pipeline route inspections or fl y-overs, an estimation of the probability of observing a leak is required. Inputs to these methods would be leak size and location, whether it is above or below ground, and the frequency of observation at each location. It could also account for missed observations; due to the highly variable nature of observation based LDSs, we concentrate our analysis in this paper on fl ow rate based LDSs. Basics of Leak Alarm Response The process of responding to a leak can be illustrated by splitting it into four phases. The initial phase is the dynamic phase between the moment of pipe integrity failure and the leak rate stabilizing. The second phase is the period where the leak rate has stabilized but the LDS has yet to elicit the appropriate process response. The third phase is the period where the response is taking place, and the fourth and fi nal phase is the time between the completion of the response and the leak stopping. At the onset of a leak, a pipeline integrity failure of some sort creates a path of least resistance through which a portion of the total pipeline fl ow is diverted. During the initial phase of the leak, the fl ow through this diversion will typically be larger than the eventual steady state leak rate. This behavior can be estimated using a transient pipeline model, the output of which is an estimate of the total spill size for a given leak rate. After some time, the system reaches a state of stable leak rate. A leak detection system is expected to alarm some time after the onset of the leak. The time required for the system to detect the leak depends on the type of system and its design characteristics. It may not be appropriate to assume that leak alarms will immediately trigger the appropriate process response because it is typical for LDSs to broadcast non-leak (false) alarms. These alarms can affect the time required to elicit a response based on the strategy the pipeline operator uses to handle leak alarms. Some examples of different strategies include: 1. Immediately respond to all leak alarms. 2. Defi ne a maximum alarm analysis time period; the response is initiated if this period expires and if the analyzer's confi dence that this is a false alarm has not reached a certain threshold. 3. Respond to the alarm only when the analyzer's confi dence that it is a true leak alarm reaches a specifi ed threshold.


The textural and structural characteristics of chrome ores mined in Albania have been examined by means of scanning electron microscopy ( SE M) analysis. Elemental mapping and microanalysis of Cr, Fe and Al (to identify the chromite phase) and of Mg and Si (to identify the olivine) have been carried out. A study has been made of the kind of microinclusions found in the ore, in order to evaluate the products of the beneficiation processes. Textural complexity of the ore explains the difficulties involved in obtaining good recoveries and high-quality concentrates.


IAEA safeguards at gas centrifuge enrichment plants (GCEPs) need improvement to verify declared LEU production, detect undeclared LEU production and detect HEU production. Due to increases in facility size and volume of throughput, the current safeguards regime for large capacity GCEPs must be enhanced to meet detection probability targets. Current safeguards efforts employ attended systems operated by inspectors on-site to determine uranium enrichment levels and total uranium mass of UF6 cylinders to verify operator declarations. Verification of enrichment levels and uranium mass could be improved by a combination of process monitoring and unattended advanced safeguards systems currently under development at several U.S. national laboratories. The effectiveness of these efforts could be augmented by implementing information-driven inspections and relaxing probability of detection standards given a broader state-level conclusion of an absence of proliferation activities. The hardware costs of these options for new GCEPs safeguards were analyzed for different detection probabilities. The savings of an advanced safeguards system were quantified and the benefits for operators and the Inspectorate were discussed.


Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) is routinely employed as a means of measuring surface velocities for shockwave experimentation. Scientists typically collect ∼4 to 12 channels of PDV data and use extrapolation, assumptions, and models to determine the velocities in regions of the experiment that were not observed directly. We have designed, built and applied a new optical velocimetry diagnostic—the Multiplexed Photonic Doppler Velocimeter (MPDV)—for use on shock physics experiments that require a large number (100s) of spatial points to be measured. MPDV expands upon PDV measurement capabilities via frequency and time multiplexing using commercially available products developed for the telecommunications industry. The MPDV uses the heterodyne method to multiplex four data channels in the frequency domain combined with fiber delays to multiplex an additional four-channel dataset in the time domain, all of which are recorded onto the same digitizer input. This means that each digitizer input records data from eight separate spatial points, so that a single 4-input digitizer may record a total of 32 channels of data. Motivation for development of a multiplexed PDV was driven by requirements for an economical, high-fidelity, high channel–count optical velocimetry system. We present a survey of the methods, components, and trade-offs incorporated into this recent development in optical velocimetry.Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) is routinely employed as a means of measuring surface velocities for shockwave experimentation. Scientists typically collect ∼4 to 12 channels of PDV data and use extrapolation, assumptions, and models to determine the velocities in regions of the experiment that were not observed directly. We have designed, built and applied a new optical velocimetry diagnostic—the Multiplexed Photonic Doppler Velocimeter (MPDV)—for use on shock physics experiments that require a large number (100s) of spatial points to be measured. MPDV expands upon PDV measurement capabilities via frequency and time multiplexing using commercially available products developed for the telecommunications industry. The MPDV uses the heterodyne method to multiplex four data channels in the frequency domain combined with fiber delays to multiplex an additional four-channel dataset in the time domain, all of which are recorded onto the same digitizer input. This means that each digitizer input records data ...


In this research, these two perspectives are included in examining the lowering of building energy use. In situ measurements are compared with thermal omfort feedback from 169 individual patients, who participated voluntarily, in two hospitals during summer and autumn. Energy demand is determined ith dynamic building performance simulations and energy performance calculations. Independent of hospital or season, for most patients (76%, N=156), indoor temperatures between 21°C and 23°C were experienced as comfortable. Warmer indoor temperatures must be possible for patients who may need it due to personal preference or health conditions. Operable windows are desired by half of the patients and could contribute to reducing overheating hours and cooling demand when opened at prescribed outdoor conditions. The findings show that design solutions for transforming hospital wards from multi-patient to single patient rooms, while simultaneously improving the measured and perceived indoor climate and reducing energy consumption to contribute towards realisation of nZEB Hospitals, are possible and available.


In this article, a novel wideband slot antenna is proposed. The slot is quarter‐wavelength long and loaded with a capacitor to increase its bandwidth. The effect of the capacitor on the antenna radiation efficiency is also investigated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2114–2116, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24579


Model-based systems engineering necessitates effective collaboration between different collaborators, teams, and stakeholders. Traditional approaches used for managing concurrent code-based development don't naturally extend to collaborative modeling, which implies novel challenges. This article presents a collaborative-modeling framework that provides secure views with precisely defined model access to each collaborator, using rule-based access control policies. This article is part of a theme issue on collaborative modeling.


We use a practical thermometer based on the resistance of the two-dimensional electron gas to characterize single-electron devices driven by surface acoustic waves. At the typical microwave powers (∼10dBm) required to observe the quantization of the acoustoelectric current in such structures, the electron-gas temperature increases from our base 1.8Kto5–6K. The power deposited by the surface acoustic wave itself can be clearly resolved. However, it is several times smaller than the overall rf heating, which occurs over a frequency range of few gigahertz.


This dissertation studies the use of methods of proof theory in extracting new information from proofs in subsystems of classical analysis. We focus mainly on ineffective proofs, i.e. proofs which make use of ineffective principles ranging from weak Konig's lemma to full comprehension. The main contributions of the dissertation can be divided into four parts: (1) A discussion of how monotone functional interpretation provides the right notion of "numerical implication" (cf. [21]) in analysis. We show among other things that monotone functional interpretation naturally creates well-studied moduli when applied to various classes of statements (e.g. uniqueness, convexity, contractivity, continuity and monotonicity) and that the interpretation of implications between those statements corresponds to translations between the different moduli. (2) A case study in L1-approximation, in which we analyze Cheney's proof of Jackson's theorem, concerning uniqueness of the best approximation, w.r.t. L1-norm, of continuous functions f ∈ C[0, 1] by polynomials of bounded degree. The result of our analysis provides the first effective modulus of uniqueness for L1-approximation. Moreover, using this modulus we give the first complexity analysis of the sequence of best L1approximations for polynomial-time computable functions f ∈ C[0, 1]. (3) A comparison between three different forms of bar recursion, in which we show among other things that the type structure of strongly majorizable functionals is a model of modified bar recursion, that modified bar recursion is not S1-S9 computable over the type structure of total continuous functions and that modified bar recursion defines (primitive recursively, in the sense of Kleene) Spector's bar recursion. (4) An adaptation of functional interpretation to handle ineffective proofs in feasible analysis, which provides the first modular procedure for extracting polynomial-time realizers from ineffective proofs (i.e. proofs involving weak Konig's lemma) of Π2-theorems in feasible analysis.


Providing coffee products and processes, including high levels of 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol. In various forms, the coffee product is a powder or granular form dried soluble coffee product which is the and ground coffee or dry roasting was such. This process, roast and ground coffee or soluble coffee to produce a beverage coffee flavor enhanced or 3,7-dimethyl octa-1,6-dien-3-ol in the extract or solution, It includes adding a.


Law and religion do not mix. This is one of the fallacious maxims of recent years and that unfortunately brings several misunderstandings when it comes to the relationship between the state and the religious phenomena. It is not hard to see that countless perceptions on the subject, when presented in the media, academic, social and legal fields, do not take into account the constitutional foundations, the cultural values and, especially, the spiritual character of the human being as the structuring of human life. Nowadays, Brazil has been facing political and legal problems in view of the lack of understanding of the principle of Secularity applied in the Brazilian context. By electing an openly religious President, defender of the customs and practices of his religious belief, the comprehension of the subject is necessary to set aside misconceptions, in order to address the issue with the seriousness and scientificity that it deserves. In this sense, the purpose of this article is to clarify what it means to be a secular Brazilian State, aiming to demonstrate, as a result, that the secular model adopted in Brazil does not mean the absence of religiousness in the public sphere, but the guarantee and protection of all its expressions.


Condition monitoring and predictive maintenance are gaining importance amongst researchers and practitioners ... The reason lies in the lack of high quality monitoring data, largely due to the reluctance of system owners to invest in monitoring equipment and data processing. This leads to a vicious circle that limits the applicability of condition based maintenance. The need for simple yet effective schemes for data-driven maintenance optimization motivated the present research. This paper demonstrates the development of such a scheme for maintenance optimization of marine vessels based on the readily available data, thereby lowering the entry barrier for ship operators and promoting future improvements of the data quality. Our approach combines data-driven and physical modelling. It then uses the models as an input for a constrained optimization algorithm based on linear programming and a Monte-Carlo-based uncertainty analysis. The algorithm allows for a gradual enhancement of the data-driven component upon acquisition of more and better data.


The present study carried out during period from April 2013 –October 2013 at laboratories of college of science Qadisiyah University, to identify the effect of culture media on the viability in vitro cultured gonad cells of fresh water snail bellamya bengalensis and investigate the optimal culture media that suitable for gonad cells cultured in vitro . The fresh water snails bellamya bengalensis were collected from shamyiah River –Dewanyah province , the snail were dissection out to obtain the gonad cells, the gonad cells were cultured in (RPMI-1640,S-MEM media ), the gonad cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium revealed higher viability rate compare with S-MEM medium and control ,according to our results , RPMI-1640 medium was suitable and had positive effects on the viability of gonad cells for bellamya bengalensis in vitro cultured .


We study chaotic synchronization in degenerate optical parametric oscillators(DOPOs) by hyperchaotic signal modulating parameter.It shows that synchronization or inversed synchronization is realized in two or more chaotic systems by adjusting modulating coefficient as the maximum condition Lyapunov exponent(MCLE) of the system is negative.It is observed that the synchronization states depend on initial conditions and modulating coefficients.Under certain initial conditions,the synchronization state shows spontaneous mutation at some modulating coefficients.


The paper presents problems related to the design and the stability of adaptive proportional observer which is used in sensorless, field oriented control system for estimation of magnetic flux and motor speed of induction motor. The gain matrix of the observer was determined by pole placement method in such a way, that the observer without adaptation has only real poles. It has been shown that adaptive proportional observer is stable also during generation mode of operation of the motor. The paper presents the results of simulation and laboratory tests.


Teacher qualification system is a legal institution of professional certification applied to teachers by state.At present,teacher qualification certification makes up of four basic conditions:identity,moral quality,educational background and teaching ability.Among them,the standard of teaching quality and ability is most important.To cultivate teachers' ability,teaching practice is an important stage.There- fore,building teaching practice evaluation standard has become a necessary content to improve teacher qualification system.In China,teacher qualification certification currently applies the principle of volun- tary application to local government.Each provincial government sets down their own standards and means to test teacher candidates' teaching quality and ability,while no regulated evaluation standard can be referred to test candidates whether they experience the teaching practice.This paper tries to build evaluation standards for teaching practice in teacher qualification system.


In the current era of technological development, several technological developments have emerged in the field of transportation, such as online transportation. It is not surprising that there are many start-ups or companies engaged in online transportation. This development creates an application model that can be accessed via mobile phones. The large number of online-based transportation service provider companies makes competition even tougher, so companies must improve the performance of online partners or drivers. For this reason, the performance of online drivers is an important concern for every online transportation company to be able to win the competition.
This study aims to determine the effect of compensation and flexibility on job satisfaction of online motorcycle taxi drivers in Bandar Lampung. The research method used is quantitative, namely a process of finding knowledge that uses data in the form of numbers as a tool to analyze information about what you want to know. In this study using a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The population of this study were online motorcycle taxi drivers in Bandar Lampung and 189 people were taken as a sample. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis with the IBM SPSS 26 analysis tool.
The results showed that compensation and flexibility have a positive effect on job satisfaction. Companies that provide online transportation services are expected to be able to increase compensation such as salaries, benefits, incentives or performance bonuses and provide flexibility in time and place of work that can be adjusted by online motorcycle taxi drivers. So that with that the job satisfaction of online motorcycle taxi drivers will increase.


This paper analyzes the hot issues arising in the planning and constructing of welfare house and suggests some possible solutions to such problems.Welfare houses are expected to solve the housing problems for the low and mediumincome groups.


The CD and ORD of D-phenylglycine and L-phenylalanine were measured at various pH's. The superficial small pH dependence of the CD maximum around 220 mμ and the anomalous large [θ] value at the CD maximum in both aromatic amino acids suggest an interaction between the 1La transition of the benzene ring and the n→π* transition of the carboxyl group. The ORD and CD of L-α-amino-β-benzalpropionic acid, L-α-amino-β-benzylpropionic acid, and L-2-amino-4-phenyl-butanol-1 were also measured, and the screening effect of the methylene groups which exist between a benzene ring and an asymmetric carbon atom was discussed.


The limitation of differentiated competitiveness due to the standardization of technology in a market competition environment, the company's management innovation must be enhanced by developing a new opportunity based on creative thinking and imagination, and creative performance ability as a core v...


Based on mass and energy conservation principles and heat transfer theories,a set of dynamic model was developed for an indirect district heating system.Application of this model to simulate the transient process under different circulation flow rates,and the influence of the pipeline heat loss,make-up water,extra area of intermediate heat exchangers and radiators on the system dynamic characteristics were discussed.The outdoor temperatures measured from February 13-19,2012were applied to simulate the dynamic responses of the entire system.The results show that the differences between the simulated and measured responses of the characteristic temperatures are very small.This indicates that the dynamic model developed is of practical value and enough accuracy.To compensate the effect during the changes of outside air temperature for the district heating system,4types of PI controllers were applied for simulating the dynamic responses and analyzing the energy consumption of the system in this paper.Simulation results showed that,from the perspective of the indoor temperature control,the strategy of controlling fuel flow rate and the water mass flow rate into the terminals has the best control accuracy;from the aspect of system energy consumption,the strategy of controlling fuel flow rate and water mass flow rate in the primary system has the lowest energy consumption and temperature fluctuations in the piping system as well.However in this case,the indoor air temperatures fluctuate slightly higher.


This contribution describes a new computational model for the aerodynamic flows past a complete helicopter inand out of ground effect. The model is based on an unsteady RANS code, coupled with an actuator disk and blade element method for the rotors. The implementation does not specifically require any changes in the computational mesh due to the presence of the rotor disk, an item of interest in other methods. The effect of the rotor is modelled iteratively as a momentum source distribution, which is the main novelty of this contribution. The disk loading is calculated with a convolution through a Gaussian function. Examples of results are shown for an airframe in low-speed forward flight in proximity to the ground (ground clearance h/d = 0.8).


The article sketches the overall layout of the thematic issue of the 'Journal of Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Societies (JRAT)' on Interreligious Dialogue (IRD) in context. It argues that an analysis of Interreligious Dialogue-activities in their socio-cultural contexts helps to counterbalance the long-standing individualistic bias of IRD-research. First, it presents a systematic description of the present state of the art that distinguishes two strands of IRD-research. Second, it argues for a European comparison, based upon the most recent findings from the 'SMRE – Swiss Metadatabase of Religious Affiliation in Europe'. The article closes with references to the structure of the present volume of JRaT to facilitate such a comparison.


A model array of 100 ADP crystal transducers designed to vibrate in a fundamental longitudinal mode was fabricated for the purpose of studying acoustic interactions in the NRL Acoustic Research Tank. To promote these interactions, the transducers were designed to have radiating faces of fractional wavelength size. Measurements were made on the full array as well as on smaller arrays. The objective of the study was to learn more about the parameters that affect the velocities or displacements of individual elements and thus the nearfield pressure patterns of multielement transducer arrays. Data obtained and presented in the form of curves, charts, and patterns indicate how the phase and amplitude of the displacements of transducer radiating faces is affected by parameters such as negative admittances, electrical drive conditions, and transducer element variations, location, and separation.


This paper explores a teaching mode in college English writing based on progressive emotional experience teaching method which involves three steps: pre writing,while-writing and rewriting.This mode focuses on students' emotional experience in writing,emphasizing on the first step.During the writing process,the vocabulary experience is trained firstly,sentence,paragraph and text writing experience training are followed.


Experimental results on InSb concerning the direct observation of the ionising transition from the donor ground level to the N=0 Landau level and concerning the first excited state transition are reported (T=4.2K). Results are obtained on samples doped in the melt as well as by nuclear transmutations (N1=2*1014-5*1015 cm-3). The observed shift of the energy of the ionising transition to higher values as the doping increases is explained on the basis of a level-broadening model (spatial fluctuations of the impurity potential); the energy of the first excited state transition remains unchanged with increasing doping as expected from the model. In the heavier doped samples (N1 approximately 1015 cm-3), the ionisation of the ground level can be observed at low enough magnetic fields where no magnetic freeze-out occurs. This shows that screening is not the predominant effect since in that case the energy of the ionising transition has to tend to zero.


Background Upper respiratory airway diseases may induce a worsening of asthma. Sinusitis represents one of the most common chronic diseases. The association of asthma and sinusitis varies greatly in different studies, depending on diagnostic procedures.


After nearly a century of producing power, two large hydroelectric dams on the Elwha River in Washington State were removed during 2011 to 2014 to restore the river ecosystem and recover imperiled salmon populations. Roughly two-thirds of the 21 million cubic meters of sediment—enough to fill nearly 2 million dump trucks—contained behind the dams was released downstream, which restored natural processes and initiated important changes to the river, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. A multidisciplinary team of scientists from the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe (LEKT), academia, nongovernmental organizations, Federal and state agencies, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected key data before, during, and after dam removal to understand the outcomes of this historic project on the Elwha River ecosystem.


THE EARLY MODERN CLOWN IS ALWAYS ALREADY MULTIPLE, carrying into performance his own puppet double: the fool's bauble. This short staff topped with a carved likeness of its carrier is a kind of rod puppet—a marotte—who mirrors, extends, and constructs the clown as such. A portrait of the Stuart/ Caroline court fools Tom Derry and Muckle John makes this multiplicity especially clear (see figure 1). The painting's title, Wee Three Loggerheads, and its grotesque imagery (note the fools' facial expressions and the extra finger on Derry's hand) place it firmly in the broader cultural tradition of depicting Folly. Images in this "we three" genre generally feature one fewer fool (here "loggerhead") than the number in the label, implying that the viewer is the final fool. Here, Muckle John's marotte might also be seen as the third fool (especially with its log head). We can read the marotte as a character in the picture, and therefore one of the "three" fools, or we can read it as merely an object held by one of the characters that identifies him as a fool. The marotte oscillates between character and object, and in so doing figures the viewer alternately as an external observer and an integral part of the folly being depicted. As a prop, the marotte is a practical performance tool, and Wee Three Loggerheads offers a portrait of performers as much as an allegorical representation of Folly in the world. Scholars of early modern performance have long neglected