In 1968 Linus Pauling introduced the word 'Orthomolecular' in his Science article,"Orthomolecular Psychiatry." 1 With this report, now a classic, he announced to the world his entry into a new field of medicine, much to the discomfort of the medical profession and equally to the delight of the public at large. He had been familiar with the old vitamins-as-prevention paradigm, but within a brief period of time he had jumped into the vitamins-as-treatment paradigm, the modern paradigm which is sweeping into medicine so rapidly today. Adherents to the old paradigm accepted as articles of truth: (1) that vitamins were needed only to prevent vitamin deficiency diseases; (2) that only small quantities were required since they were catalysts; and (3) that they were contraindicated for every other condition not accepted as a vitamin deficiency disease. Within the past five years the medical profession has begun to distance itself from this paradigm. The modern paradigm is based on a different set of beliefs: (1) that vitamins are useful in a large number of conditions or diseases, not only to prevent vitamin deficiency diseases such as beri beri, pellagra or scurvy; (2) that they are needed in optimum, or orthomolecular amounts, which may be small or large. The early roots of the vitaminsas-treatment paradigm began about 1940 when pellagrologists discovered that chronic pellagrins required much larger doses of vitamin B3 to remain free of pellagra. But these and other studies, including the double blind prospective studies we did on schizophrenic patients beginning in 1952, remained totally obscure and were ignored. The discovery How to Live Longer and Feel Better -


Acoustic quality is an essential aspect in the design of spaces, including mosques. A mosque as a worship place has several activities that require good acoustic quality, especially in terms of delivering a clear sound. Masjid At-Tarbiyah is one of the mosques on the UIN Malang campus. This research was conducted to determine the value of acoustic quality in the Masjid At-Tarbiyah and analyze the factors that influence it. This research is a quantitative research that looks at the value of room acoustics' quality with modeling and simulation of the Ecotect v.2011 program. The acoustic quality value is calculated based on the reverberation time value known from the simulation-based on observations and physical measurements of space in the field. The RT value reaches 7.86 seconds at a frequency of 500kHz, and the average RT is 3.467 seconds. This study indicates that the value of acoustic in Masjid At-Tarbiyah is low, as indicated by the high RT, so that space improvement is needed.


This study was carried out to investigate the effect of seed disinfectant on leaf blight and smut in adlay. Leaf blight and smut disease in adlay are known to be seed borne. Bjpolan's cojds, pathogen causing leaf blight in adlay, was detected from 32. 7 to 45. 7 % on seeds collected from adlay cultivated farms in Yonchon province. Periods of seed infestation are days on the variety 'yulmu 1' and days on 'Yonchon jaerae'. Distribution ratio of seed disinfestation periods was that no disinfestation, days, days and more 11days were 20%, 20%, 45% and 15%, respectively. Frudioxonil W. S. treatment was effective on inhibition of leaf blight and smut disease when treated with infested seeds ; that is, disease control values of the fungicide are 97 and 93.4 percentage, repectively.


The consequences of the `accidental boom', 1986-89 stagflation - lessons from other places education and training in Britain - getting the questions right what can Britain learn from Sweden's commitment to full employment? employment and education programmes in the United States regional and urban unemployment and its consequences how should employment and training, education, urban and regional and enterprise policies be co-ordinated in Britain? racial disadvantage and the economic cycle.


We report our experimental studies on stick-slip motions between polymer gels having artificial surface asperities. We show that, depending on the density and configuration randomness of asperities, the stick-slip behavior greatly changes: when the asperities are located periodically with sufficient separation, fast and regular stick-slip motions occur, while slow and heterogeneous slip behavior is observed for samples having randomly and densely located asperities. We discuss the condition for the occurrence of complex stickslip cycles.


The effects of biological response modifiers (BRMs) alone or combined with chemotherapeutic drugs on K-562 leukemia cell lines with or without resistance to adriamycin (ADM) were studied. The RPMI-1640 liquid culture was used and the inhibiting rate was estimated as the indicator of the effect. The results were as follows: (1) The inhibiting rates of IFN -α, -β and -γ in doses of 103U/ml were 0.51, 0.46 and 0.28 respectively. The inhibitions were not increased by combining IFN-γ with -α or -β. For K-562 / ADM cell line, the inhibition effect of signle IFN was not apparent, but became obvious and increased significantly if IFN -γ was used in combination with -α or -β. (2) When IFNs were used along with ADM, the total inhibition effects were simple additive on K-562 cell line but was higher than that on K-562 / ADM cell line. There were no significant differences among three different kinds of IFN. (3) When G-CSF or RA was combined with ADM on K-562 / ADM cell line, the inhibitions turned to be more pronounced as compare with ADM alone. (4) K-562 / ADM cell line was not cross-resistant to MTX, but partially resistant to VP-16. RA, if RA was combined with VP-16, could significantly enhance the inhibition on K-562 / ADM cell line. These results suggested that some kinds of BRMs can inhibit K-562 cell line directly and have synergistic inhibitory effects with chemotherapeutic drugs on K-562 cell line, especially on K-562/ADM cell line. Combining chemotherapeutic drugs with BRMs may be useful in clinical treatment of leukemia, particularly refractory or relapsed one.


ML, Marques MB, Sarode R, Schwartz J, Shaz BH, Weinstein R, Wirk A, Winters JL. Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice—evidence-based approach from the Clinical Applications Committee of the American Society for Apheresis. J Clin Aphere 2007;22:10675. 4. Winters JL, Pineda AA, McLeod BC, Grima KM. Therapeutic apheresis in renal and metabolic diseases. J Clin Aphere 2000;15:53-73. 5. Shaz BH, Winters JL, Bandarenko N, Szczepiorkowski ZM. How we approach an apheresis request for category III, category IV, or non-categorized indication. Transfusion 2007;47:1963-71.


The purpose of this study was to document construction procedures and evaluate the effectiveness of wick drains as a foundation stabilization method. This effort was executed by use of field inspections, photologs, and instrumentation to monitor foundation and field response. Instrumentation included a multipoint settlement gage, settlement platforms, and vertical slope inclinometers. This procedure was judged to be successful in that 90% consolidation of the deep foundation occurred within approximately 100 days. Construction procedures were generally satisfactory.


Systems containing mixtures of alkali metal halides and lanthanide halides are widely used in metal halide discharge lamps. This work describes the derivation of thermochemical data for the gaseous and condensed phases of the (NaI–CeI3) and (CsI–CeI3) systems thus enabling the calculation of partial pressures above a liquid mixture at temperatures found in such lamps. Information on the thermodynamic data and phase diagrams for binary CeI3-containing systems are limited. Similarities in behaviour between various alkali metal halides with different halides across the lanthanide (Ln) series have been exploited to estimate missing parameters for the condensed phases. This has been augmented by abinitio quantum mechanics to derive thermodynamic properties for gas phase species.


Based on the data from dual-frequency receivers of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), we analyze the changes in GNSS positioning accuracy during the August 25-26, 2018 strong geomagnetic storm on a global scale. The storm is one of the strongest geomagnetic events of the solar cycle 24. To analyze the positioning quality, we calculated coordinates using the precise point positioning (PPP) method in the kinematic mode. We recorder a significant degradation in the PPP positioning accuracy during the main phase of the storm. The maximum effect is observed in the middle and high latitudes of the US-Atlantic longitude sector. The average PPP error during the storm is shown to exceed ~0.5 m, that is up to 5 times higher than the values typical on quiet days. Areas with increased PPP errors is revealed to correspond to the regions with significant increase in the intensity of total electron content variations of 10–20 min period range. This increase is presumably due to the auroral oval expansion toward middle latitudes.


In order to handle extremely-high stored energy in future proton-proton colliders, an extremely high-efficiency collimation system is required for safe operation. At LHC, the major limiting locations in terms of particle losses on superconducting (SC) magnets are the dispersion suppressors (DS) downstream of the transverse collimation insertion. These losses are due to the protons experiencing single diffractive interactions in the primary collimators. How to solve this problem is very important for future proton-proton colliders, such as the FCC-hh and SPPC. In this article, a novel method is proposed, which arranges both the transverse and momentum collimation in the same long straight section. In this way, the momentum collimation system can clean those particles related to the single diffractive effect. The effectiveness of the method has been confirmed by multi-particle simulations. In addition, SC quadrupoles with special designs such as enlarged aperture and good shielding are adopted to enhance the phase advance in the transverse collimation section, so that tertiary collimators can be arranged to clean off the tertiary halo which emerges from the secondary collimators and improve the collimation efficiency. With one more collimation stage in the transverse collimation, the beam losses in both the momentum collimation section and the experimental regions can be largely reduced. Multi-particle simulation results with the MERLIN code confirm the effectiveness of the collimation method. At last, we provide a protection scheme of the SC magnets in the collimation section. The FLUKA simulations show that by adding some special protective collimators in front of the magnets, the maximum power deposition in the SC coils is reduced dramatically, which is proven to be valid for protecting the SC magnets from quenching.


This paper is concerned with the passive walking of an underactuated biped robot. First, we present the modelling of the biped robot (that is a 7 DOF robot). Then, we focus on the study of the almost passive dynamic walking. In particular, we show that the application of a nonlinear feedback control to stabilize the torso and knees leads the biped robot to perform a stable almost-passive dynamic walking when dealing with motions on a downhill a slope. More such control also leads the system trajectories to converge towards stable limit cycles. In this context, we present some results based on both Poincaré map method and trajectory sensitivity analysis to efficiently characterize the stability of the almost-passive limit cycles.


New SAW antenna duplexers used in EGSM/PCN dual-band handy phones have been developed. The differences between the single- and dual-band RF-circuit configurations are taken into considerations. Direct-parallel connection between the receiver SAW filter and the transmitter diode switch makes it possible to reduce the number of circuit elements and to achieve a small module size. The required frequency characteristics were also achieved.


Uses case studies, surveys, and literature reviews to critically examine how gaming, simulation, and virtualization are being used to improve teamwork and leadership skills in students, and create engaging communities of practice. This volume discusses a framework for deploying and assessing these technologies.


The goal of this study was to analyse international journals and conference proceedings published from 2012 to 2016. The main results indicated that the gap between the Arab Gulf Countries (GC) and the rest of the world regarding the amounts and trends of professional development (PD) research is too wide. At the global level, the initial scanning analysis showed the publication of 161 articles on math teacher PD, including 121 articles or abstracts published in conference proceedings and 40 articles published in journals. The number of articles on math teacher PD in the GC conference proceedings and journals was only 11. The results indicated that there is growing interest in research on PD in math and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The results also showed that descriptive research received the most attention, followed by developmental and evaluative research. Most of the English-language research used qualitative methodology and mixed methodology, and hence, used observations and interviews to collect their data. At the level of Arabic-Language, GC, research, the results indicated that developmental research received the greatest attention; however, all the data collected were quantitative because the survey was the most commonly used tool in these research studies.


printing supported by . Visit Chiesi at Stand D.30 MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26TH 2011 P2498 Experimental rhinovirus infection in moderate asthma David Jackson, Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo, Jerico Del-Rosario, Julia Aniscenko, Sebastian Johnston. National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Background: Rhinovirus (RV) is the most common cause for asthma exacerbations. Underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. A human model of experimental infection with RV has been introduced however published studies have thus far only recruited mild asthmatics. In order to be more representative of those who experience virus-induced exacerbations there is a need to establish the safety of this model in moderate asthma. Aim: To assess the safety of using the RV challenge model in subjects with moderate asthma treated with inhaled corticosteroids. Methods: Six subjects with moderately severe atopic asthma requiring maintenance inhaled corticosteroids were infected with RV16. Nasal lavage (NL) and clinic spirometry was performed on days 0,2,3,4,5,7,10. Symptom scores were recorded daily throughout the study. Clinical infection was confirmed using a combination of symptom scores, demonstration of RV16 RNA by RT-PCR in nasal lavage and at least a 4-fold increase in RV16 specific antibody titres on day 42. Results: All 6 subjects developed symptoms of a common cold 24-48 hours prior to an increase in lower respiratory symptoms. This was accompanied by a drop in morning FEV1 (mean fall of 25.6%). Whilst all subjects increased their use of bronchodilator, no subjects required oral corticosteroid therapy. RV16 was demonstrated in NL in all subjects. Conclusions: In this pilot study infection with RV16 in moderate asthma was well-tolerated resulting in a mild exacerbation. No unexpected adverse events or requirement for oral steroids occurred. The use of RV challenge in moderate asthma therefore appears safe. Results of future studies using this group of patients will better reflect those individuals with the greatest burden of disease. P2499 Serum microRNA signatures identified in a genome-wide profiling predict the mortality of patients with sepsis Lixin Xie1, Huijuan Wang2. 1Respiratory Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; 2Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin, China Purpose: Serum miRNAs are present and stable, reproducible, and consistent among individuals in the serum and plasma of humans and other animals. And they can be fingerprints of different diseases. We used genome-wide serum miRNA expression profiling analysis to investigate the role of serum miRNA in predicting prognosis of sepsis. Patients and methods: According to the 28-days mortality, Solexa sequencing followed by individual quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays was used to test the difference in levels of serum miRNAs between survivors and nonsurvivors. There were 9survivors and 9 nonsurvivors matched by age, sex, and stage for the early detection. The detected serum miRNAs then were validated in 92 sepsis patients (39 survivors and 53 nonsurvivors) and 24 healthy controls. Results: Twelve serum miRNAs were found to be altered more than two-fold by Solexa sequencing between survival and nonsurvival group, qRT-PCR was preformed in 6 miRNAs (miR-206, miR-378, miR-223, miR-15b, miR-15a and miR-16) according to the previous studies. MiR-223 (p=0.002<0.01), miR-15b (p=0.008<0.01) and miR-16 (p=0.009<0.01) were significant difference between those two groups. Then APECHEIIscore, SOFA score, CRP, PCT of those patients combined with the three miRNAs extend asymptotically to logistic regression. Mutiple logistric regression anlysis showed that miR-223, APECHEIIscore and SOFA score were significantly associated with the mortality of sepsis patients. Conclusion: MiR-223,miR-15b and miR-16 from the serum may serve as a noninvasive predictor of the mortilty of sepsis patients. P2500 Reduction of oxidative stress in successfully treated patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), as measured by redox status of coenzyme Q10 (%CoQ-10) Kojiro Honda1, Hiroo Wada1, Masaki Tamura1, Saori Takata1, Takashi Koide1, Masuo Nakamura1, Haruyuki Ishii1, Daisuke Kurai1, Takeshi Saraya1, Kenji Fujii2 , Shin-Ichi Hagiwara4,5 , Yorihiro Yamamoto3, Hajime Goto1. 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 2Functional Food Ingredient Division, Kaneka Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; 3School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan; 4Health Center, Honda Engineering, Tochigi, Japan; 5Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) causes exacerbation of various respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), due to probably enhancement of oxidative stress. The redox status of coenzyme Q-10 (%CoQ10) is a good indicator of oxidative stress, as revealed in various diseases including COPD (Wada H et al., ERS 2006) and liver diseases and neurologic diseases. However, no data has addressed whether%CoQ-10 increased or not in CAP patients. Materials & methods: Diagnosis of CAP was made on the symptoms and confirmed by the radiologic and laboratory examination (CRP, leukocyte count, SAA). All the patients (n=7) were treated with new-generation quinolone. Plasma was extracted from blood samples at day 1 before the antimicrobial treatment, and either at day 8 or day 15, after treatment. Both oxidized and reduced forms of coenzyme Q-10 were measured and%CoQ-10 was defiened as the percentage of plasma level of the oxidized form to total coenzyme Q-10. Results & discussion: All the patients enrolled were successfully treated, as their symptoms improved, together with the results of laboratory and radiologic examination.%CoQ-10 before treatment was 39.1±12.0, whilst%CoQ-10 became after treatment significantly lower in the plasma value (p=0.003); 22.7±6.6. Thus, our study demonstrated that oxidative stress was reduced, as CAP was successfully treated. Our result indicated that%CoQ-10 can well indicate the oxidative stress burden on CAP patients. P2501 Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) leads to caspase-1-dependent upregulation of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) in respiratory cells and human lung tissue – A role of the "inflammasome" in respiratory tract infections Johannes Rotta detto Loria1, Kristina Rohmann1, Torsten Goldmann2, Jan Rupp3, Daniel Droemann1, Klaus Dalhoff1. 1Medical Clinic III, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; 2Research Center Borstel, Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Borstel, Germany; 3University of Luebeck, Insitute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Luebeck, Germany The role of the inflammasome in pulmonary inflammation due to respiratory infections is still not well understood. As the inflammasome is a heterogeneous group of proteins, we focused on one obligatory component, caspase-1. We investigated if inhibition leads to a decrease of IL-1β after infection with NTHi and if it induces other proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and CXCL2. Murine alveolar macrophages (RAW 264.7) and human lung tissue were stimulated in-vitro with NTHi 106cfu/ml for 24-48h. A caspase-1 inhibitor (CI) was added 8h after infection. Supernatant and cells were collected for ELISA, PCR and Western Blot analysis. Cell and tissue culture experiments showed a significant induction of IL-1βproduction after NTHi-in vitro-infection (RAW: Med 24h and 48h <15.6±0pg/ml vs. NTHi 24h 408±64pg/ml and NTHi 48h 717±72pg/ml, both n=6, p<0.01). Caspase-1 was activated 60min after infection. Inhibition of caspase-1 significantly decreases IL-1β levels after 24h (NTHi 24h 408±64pg/ml vs. NTHi+CI 24h 174±12pg/ml, n=6, p<0.01) and 48h of NTHi infection (NTHi 48h 717±72pg/ml vs. NTHi 48h 432±49pg/ml, n=6, p<0.01). PCR data confirmed the inhibitory effect. We did not observe significant changes in TNF-α and CXCL2 release after caspase-1 inhibition what means that these cytokines are not affected by inhibiting caspase-1. These results indicate that caspase-1-mediated IL-1β-upregulation is an important mechanism of NTHi-induced inflammation in pulmonary tissues and might be a central mediator in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections. P2502 Joint use of specific and nonspecific means for prevention of pneumonia in recruits Pavel Ogarkov1, Sergey Zhogolev1, Konstantin Jogolev2. 1Epidemiology, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; 2Immunology and Microbiology, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation Background: Pneumonias in military servicemen develop frequently beside a respiratory viral infection in subjects with lowered resistance. So, besides pneumococcal vaccine it is expediently to use immunocorrecting drugs and antiviral agents for prevention pneumonia. Aim: To study the efficacy of combined use of pneumococcal vaccine and supplementary prevention means. Methods: Five groups of military servicemen numbering 120 to 240 persons received, in addition to pneumococcal vaccination, one of preventive means. Persons of the 1st group received influenza virus vaccine, the 2nd group received imudon, the 3rd group bronchomunal, the 4th group cytovir-3, the 5th group arbidol during 4-10 days. Comparative groups were in the same conditions as experimentation groups and received pneumococcal vaccine only. Results: In 1 and 3 months after the onset of agents' administration in all the groups in which supplementary preventive agents were administered together with pneumococcal vaccine, an incidence of pneumonia and acute respiratory infections was from 1.6 to 3.5 times lower than in the comparative groups. Thus, one and three months after imudon administration, its efficacy index against pneumonia was 3.5 and 2.2 respectively. The efficacy of supplementary agents was most marked durin


There is no such thing as a safe path of investment in the stock market because it is highly unpredictable, which has been a major concern of investors globally. As a result, stock market or stock price prediction has been a hot topic for scholars and researchers and a popular topic for investors worldwide.


Disclosed is a power supply device capable of increasing the output power more efficiently compared to existing devices. The power supply device comprises: an AC generator (100) including an AC generating unit (110) and a rectifier (120) that rectifies the alternating voltage generated by the AC generating unit (110) to output a DC output voltage; and a DC/DC converter (201) that converts the output voltage of the rectifier (120) into a DC voltage with a different voltage value and outputs said DC voltage, wherein the output voltage of the rectifier (120) is made higher than the output voltage of the DC/DC converter (201) and stepped down and output by the DC/DC converter (201) according to the rotational speed of the AC generating unit (110) and the amount of power supplied to an electrical load connected to the DC/DC converter (201).


This document studies a broad study program which is currently in progress in Irradiation Processing Department to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of various methods of obtaining increased production from the six older reactors (B, D, DR, F, H, and C Reactors). Due to time limitations this study has been in general terms only, but has indicated that considerable increased plant return can be obtained from an increased conversion ratio as well as from higher reactor power levels. The work performed by this Unit has been concerned with defining the reactor process component modifications, and process piping changes between the 105 Building valve pits and effluent basins which will be required to attain the production increases.


MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. *Academic Persistence; College Attendance; Community Colleges; Dropout Research; Dropouts; *Enrollment Influences; *Predictor Variables; Public Colleges; School Demography; School Holding Power; *Student Attrition; Student Characteristics; Two Year Colleges; Two Year College Students; *Withdrawal (Education) In order to better understand the factors that contribute to student attrition in community colleges, a study was undertaken to track a cohort of 1990 first-time students at a Florida public community college for 2 years. Once the cohort students were identified, a file was built containing both demographic and academic attributes, including age, race, sex, first term grade point average, scores on three subsets of placement tests, full-time/part-time status, enrollment in college preparatory courses, financial aid status, degree expectations, and type of high school diploma earned. These variables were analyzed to develop a functional relationship to students' continued enrollment or continuing education elsewhere in fall 1991 and fall 1992. Students found to be most likely to remain enrolled were "traditional" students, defined as young, not working full-time, not enrolled in college preparatory courses, attending college full-time, and earning high grades. Students least likely to return were older, part-time students who worked full-time and enrolled in college preparatory courses. In addition, having a standard high school diploma increased the likelihood of first-year r(tention by a factor of 4.5. The study concluded that, since the population found to be least likely to persist is also the majority population at most public community colleges, colleges should keep this profile in mind when developing intervention strategies. (MAB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


Objective To study the renal effects (measured by creatininemia) of plasma volume expansion with a medium molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch in the newborn. Design A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, pilot study. Patients The study included 26 neonates weighing 690–4030 g (gestational age, 26–40 wks), without cardiac or renal failure or major hemostasis abnormalities and requiring a peripherally inserted central catheter for parenteral nutrition. Setting Pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit of a university-affiliated hospital. Interventions Plasma volume expansion was performed to facilitate insertion of the central catheter. After parental consent, neonates were randomly allocated to receive intravenous infusions at 10 mL·kg−1 of 5% albumin or 6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5. Sample size was calculated to detect an increase in mean creatininemia of >20 &mgr;mol·L−1 (with &agr; = 0.05, &bgr; = 0.80). Measurements and Main Results No clinically or statistically significant differences were found between the two groups 6 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, and 7 days after plasma volume expansion. The study could detect an increase in creatininemia ≥20 &mgr;mol·L−1 with a power of 80%. Conclusions In 13 healthy neonates, plasma volume expansion with 10 mL·kg−1 of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 does not increase creatininemia.


After transforming the color image in color space to extract the graylevel image,the gray-level image is decomposed with lifting wavelet transformation.In the decomposing process,the image is compressed to cause a half of wavelet coefficients to increase and the other half to decrease.The algorithm embeds a seller's copyright watermark and a buyer's digital fingerprint in the same work based on this kind of coefficient characteristics,so it can be used to identify who holds the legal copyright of the work and trace the illegal reseller.The experiments show that this algorithm has good robustness and imperceptibility.


The authors analyzed techniques of formation of a conceptual system on the synergistic basis of language and speech learning using authors' cognitive dictionaries. Synergetic dictionaries are created taking into account: 1) student's perception of randomly perceived facts; 2) consolidation and bifurcation in the minds of cumulative images of the world by verbal and non-verbal means; 3) systematization, streamlining of information obtained through mental actions. The authors conclude that cognitive information verbalized in dictionaries is represented by syntagmas; predicates are a basis of sentence structures; the object prediction is one of the most important stages of the mechanism of translating internal speech into external one. Expansion of the entire cognitive base, including extralinguistic and linguistic components, contributes to mental activities of the speaker.


Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate (rCMR), and regional pH (r-pH) were measured simultaneously in fulminant acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by the use of triple-label autoradiography. No changes were found in the absence of lesions (lymphocytic accumulations). In the lesions, rCBF was 79% increased and rCRM was 13% increased, whereas r-pH was unaltered compared to normal values. The reported changes result in a CBFI Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is produced by sensitization to central nervous 578 CMR ratio of almost 3 in the lesions compared to the normal value of 1.5. The changes may be interpreted as primary disturbances in glucose metabolism, resulting in a secondary increase in CBF. This theory is supported by quoted observations on abnormal morphology and ab normal enzyme content in brain mitochondria in EAE. Key Words: Cerebral blood flow-Cerebral glucose me tabolism-Cerebral pH-Experimental allergic e!,1-cephalomyelitis (EAE)-Tr iple-label autoradiography. the spinal cords of EAE rats have been found, and it has been suggested that focal ischemia due to mechanical obstruction of flow in the inflamed, edematous tissue could result in anerobic glycolysis (Simmons et aI., 1982). A qualitative autoradio graphic study has shown increased uptake of 2-de oxyglucose corresponding to the lesions (di Rocco and Hashim, 1983), which could seem to support the concept of anerobic glucose metabolism with its unfavorable energy yield. However, quantitative autoradiographic studies of regional cerebral blood flow in EAE have demonstrated a twofold increase of flow in the lesions compared to noninflamed or control regions (Juhler and Paulson, 1986). This seems to contradict a theory of focal ischemic hyp oxia. Simultaneous determinations of lactic acid pro duction, CO2 production, and glucose consumption by incubated slices of brain stem and spinal cord from animals with EAE reveal a pattern of in creased lactic acid production, diminished CO2 pro duction, and unaltered glucose consumption (Smith, 1966). Such a system is independent of tissue perfusion, and it was suggested that the met abolic abnormality could exist at the mitochondrial level of glucose metabolism, i.e., somewhere be


Primary psychological evaluation in prison was addressed in terms of the interaction between convict (female) – psychologist (male), aiming to identify seductive behavior indicators within the context of protean strategy used by females to create ambiguity in the intergender encounters. Also, we aimed to investigate the association of seductive behaviour indicators with individual inclusive fitness score of female detainees, calculated based on the psychological screening form and a standardised fitness evaluation scale from the field of Evolutionary Psychology (High-K Strategy Scale). Recorded interviews of 33 detainees from Arad Maximum Security Penitentiary, Romania, were analysed taking into account that five women had suicidal attempts before conviction. Seductively expressive women (N=14) had higher values of individual fitness values compared to the nonexpressive female category (N=19), but the difference was not statistically significant. Suicidal females expressed no seductive behavioral indicators despite their moderate to high fitness scores, which claims for further reconsideration of fitness evaluation in the context of suicidal behavior. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk


This study takes a cross-domain identity transition perspective to explore the development of work-related identities by trailing wives in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Biographical-narrative interviews with 28 expatriate wives were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that these women approached their cross-domain identity transition sequentially through a process of work identity pause and reactivation. Gendered family demands and contextual constraints led them to temporarily pause their work identity while adjusting to non-work domain changes. The reactivation of the work identity domain prompted them to redevelop a work identity aligned to their new reality. Four manifestations of identity redevelopment status emerged: hobbyists, adaptors, explorers and re-inventors. For some women, their emerging work identity was just a way to escape the 'expat wife' stigma, for others it was an opportunity to develop a new career. This article introduces the concepts of identity pause and reactivation.


The results of operation of the local cavitation-based heating plant are presented. The unit is small-sized and safe in operation at a high degree of automation which provide the desire level of safety. The energy consumption of the engine Is analyzed under operating conditions at a given volume of coolant.


From the view of protection operation on site, the function, structure and mechanism of CSL-103B microcomputer protection is introduced briefly comparing WXB-11 microcomputer protection apparatus with the one of CSL-101B.The applying circumstances of CSL-103B in 220kv lines protection of Heihe Electric Power Grid and some problems worthy of notice in operation are discussed.


Advances the idea of differentiating the pointers inside objects in C++ programming system.Based on the relation between the objects and the contents pointed,pointers can be classified into two types: embedded pointers and exterior pointers.The content pointed by an embedded pointer is regarded as a portion of the object,while an exterior pointer describes the connection to the outside.Anyhow,the object-oriented programming systems do not support this kind of classi-fication,programmers must write the copy constructing function definitely for embedded pointers,and the operator should be overloaded,or the encapsulation of the objects will be affected.


Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is now a well-established construction material because of its superior resistance to cracking and crack propagation. It can hold the matrix together even after extensive cracking and these fiber composites possess increased extensibility and strength. In this research, extensive laboratory investigations have been undertaken to study the effect of concrete with varying steel fibre contents (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) on mechanical, durability & impact properties. SFRC slab specimens of size 600 × 600 × 60mm (with & without reinforcement) were casted, cured and tested for 28days. Plain concrete specimens were also casted and tested for reference purposes. In this paper, the experimental results of SFRC and plain concrete are discussed for M25 Grade of concrete with hooked end steel fibre dosages of 0.5%, 1% & 1.5% by volume of concrete having an aspect ratio of 60. Simulation studies were also carried out for validation using ANSYS & LS-DYNA. The results show that the impact properties of SFRC with varying dosages of steel fibres enhanced in comparison with the conventional concrete & also the experimental results are validated with the simulation results.


The author analyzes the relationship between migration from Polish territories and the rate of natural increase at the turn of the nineteenth century. Migration birth and death rates for Poland are compared with those for selected other European countries. The effect on the age distribution of changes in the birth and death rates caused by out-migration is examined. The role of migration in natural increase is discussed in light of the population theory of Malthus. (summary in ENG RUS) (ANNOTATION)


The effectiveness of duct‐lining acoustic noise suppressors is strongly dependent on the modal content of the acoustic pressure wave generated by the source. Conventional rotor‐stator interaction criteria such as that of Tyler and Sofrin [S.A.E. Trans. 70 (1962)] predicts the spinning mode orders most likely to be present, but provides no information on relative participation. Modal analysis suppression prediction programs require source modal information as input to the calculation. In an exploratory effort, the General Electric Company and NASA Langley Research Center developed, designed, built, and tested a multielement spinning‐mode probe apparatus. The device was tested in a 12‐in.‐diameter vehicle in a NASA Langley anechoic chamber. The results of the modal measurement for several operating speeds are presented. Data repeatability and problems encountered in the measurement are considered, and recommendations are made for future improvements in the method.


This course is designed to enhance students' understanding in early childhood literature and its practicability to children's context. The course content will resolve around early childhood literature; its history, its characteristics, its relations to children and as a tool or promoting literacy and communicative process (listening, speaking, reading, writing). Emphasis will also be placed on quality environment that indirectly influence early childhood literature. It can be in the form such as arrangement of indoor/outdoor spaces as well as locating, panning, implementing and evaluating creative learning activities using a variety of methods and materials.


Anna Kaunonen reports on an extensive research project she did to examine the impact of culture as a situational determinant on the development of buyer–seller relationships. This paper is the first of three and examines relationship development in a western culture. She begins with a very extensive literature review on the concept of buyer–seller relationships and in particular the development of relationships. The literature review alone is a must read for those who want to get a good overview of the development of relationships. She identifies three theoretical models—joining models, which are little studied; stage models, which is the most often used theoretical perspective; and state models, which are also researched often—and she notes some activity on examining national culture within the research but demonstrates it is minimal and fragmented. She then uses a single case study and the state model to look at relationship development between two manufacturing companies. A major finding is that sometimes a relationship becomes dormant, that is not in trouble or ended but for whatever reason is dormant. All relationships go through two beginning states, a searching phase and a starting phase and then progress. In this particular case, the relationship also went through a troubled phase but is now in a constant state as the relationship has stabilized. An interesting case study, but the power of this paper is clearly in the literature review and the insight the author generates from the existing literature such as overlap between the three theoretical lenses.


Abstract Background Prioritizing women's health helps achievement of the 4th and 5th goals of Millennium Development Program. This study aimed to investigate association between social determinants of health and women's health of reproductive age. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study, using multi-stage sampling procedure was conducted on 770, 15 to 49-year-old women residing in any one of the 22 municipality zones across Tehran, Iran. Eligible women were interviewed at home with SF-36 (Short Form Health Survey) and socio-demographic questionnaires. Social determinants of health contains; ethnicity, education, job, income, and crowding index. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS-16. The threshold of P.V was considered 0.05. Results Overall, 770 women with mean age 33.9±9.3 years were interviewed. Majority of them were married (72.27%), housewives (62.2%), of Persian ethnicity (64.3%), and educated to high school level (43.8%). Age with dimensions of health except role emotional, mental health, and social functioning had significant association with B from -0.65 to -0.16.educational level with dimensions of health except role emotional andsocial functioning had significant association with B from 3.61 to 6.43 (P<0.05). Income with dimensions of health except role physical had significant association with B from -9.97 to -4.42. Conclusion Reflection of unfavorable economic conditions and low education level on negative women' health experiences are alarming. Interaction between social determinants of health and health status must be considered in policymaking, and there is a need for policies that would enhance health of women in the low education and income brackets.


Learning a dynamical system from input/output data is a fundamental task in the control design pipeline. In the partially observed setting there are two components to identification: parameter estimation to learn the Markov parameters, and system realization to obtain a state space model. In both sub-problems it is implicitly assumed that standard numerical algorithms such as the singular value decomposition (SVD) can be easily and reliably computed. When trying to fit a high-dimensional model to data, even computing an SVD may be intractable. In this work we show that an approximate matrix factorization obtained using randomized methods can replace the standard SVD in the realization algorithm while maintaining the finite-sample performance and robustness guarantees of classical methods.


On October 3, 2013 U.S. President Barack Obama cancelled his trip to the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit due to the government shut-down. This decision came after an intense period of U.S. foreign policy directed at containing China's military ambitions while encouraging its economic rise. Using Twitter as source material and the method of intertextual analysis, this paper gauges public opinion in America towards China in the wake of Obama's cancelled trip amongst both elites (those who practice foreign policy) and the general public. The results suggest that public opinion towards China is negative in the wake of the cancellation, begging the question: was Obama's trip cancelled as a ploy to win sway in domestic politics or was it a foreign policy maneuver? Is there a grand strategy at work or is the so-called pivot towards Asia dead on arrival?


The available lycopene, beta-carotene and vitamin C content of raw, boiled and fried tomato (Var.UC82B) were evaluated. Ripe tomato was purchased from Ogbete main market Enugu- Nigeria and the variety was identified at the Crop Science department, University of Nigeria Nsukka. It was sorted, washed and pulped using a blender. The pulp was divided into seven portions and labeled (A-G) Portion A was raw sample that served as a control since it was neither boiled nor fried. Portions B, C, and D were boiled for 2, 15 and 30minutes respectively. Portions E, F and G were fried in refined bleached and deodourized groundnut oil for 2, 15 and 30 minutes respectively. The seven samples were separately packaged in vial glass tubes and analyzed within three days from the time they were produced. Result shows that the three response variables evaluated were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by either boiling or frying. The lycopene content significantly increased (p < 0.05) as the period of boiling or frying increased between 2 and 30minutes. Boiling the pulp or frying it for 30 minutes increased the lycopene content from 24.2 to 32.9 % respectively. However, both the beta-carotene and the Vitamin C content significantly (p < 0.05) decreased as boiling or frying period increased between 2 and 30 minutes. The beta-carotene content decreased by 61.4 %, while the Vitamin C content decreased by 49.4 % when the tomato pulp was boiled for 30 minutes. When the tomato pulp was fried for 30 minutes, the beta-carotene decreased by 63.6 %, while the vitamin C decreased by 50.0 % (p< 0.05). It is therefore, advisable to boil or fry tomato before consumption for maximum absorption of its available lycopene. However, excessive heat treatment would have adverse effect on the beta carotene and vitamin C content of the tomato.


Data transfer speed is the key problem which must be considered in the process of hardware system designing. Based on the characteristics of VXI-bus module, the method of increase data transfer speed when VXI module is being designed is discussed.


In this study, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI) model has been used to ascertain the groundwater suitability for drinking in Kadava River basin located in Nashik district, Maharashtra. Therefore, forty (40) representative groundwater samples were collected from different dug/bore well during Pre (PRM) and Post (POM) monsoon seasons of 2011 and analyzed by standard procedures of APHA. The parameters like pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, F, SO4 and NO3 were considered to compute the CCME WQI model. The results of CCME WQI values inferred that 7.5 % in PRM and 17.5 % samples in POM seasons fall in poor category. Moreover, 77.5 % and 60 % samples fall in marginal category in PRM and POM seasons. While, 15 % and 22.5 % samples came under fair category in PRM and POM seasons. Spatial distribution maps illustrated that North, Central and South regions are identified as vulnerable for drinking; hence, unfit for drinking. In a nutshell, groundwater quality is significantly deteriorated because of agricultural practices and anthropogenic activities, therefore appropriate monitoring along with proper remedial measures is essential to sustain the groundwater quality in the river basin.


This paper analyzes different characteristics of new registered students from the University of Seville. The descriptive analysis of university students has been carried out by an empirical research. Data have been obtained from a questionnaire addressed to a large sample of university students in their first year from seven different degree programs from a big academic area in higher education: social sciences. The analyzed factors are: birth year, student's gender, marital status, and so on.


In a possibly ideal world, records in a database would be complete and would contain fields having values that correspond to an underlying reality. An individuals name, address and date-of-birth would be present without typographical error. An income field might be a reasonably close approximation of a "true income" and would not be missing. A list of customers would be complete, unduplicated and current.In this ideal world, a database could be used for several purposes and would be considered to have high quality. A set of databases might be linked using name, address, and other weakly identifying information.In this paper, we describe situations where properly chosen metrics may indicate that data quality is not sufficiently high for monitoring processes, for modeling, and for data mining.Some of the metrics are supplementary to those in the quality literature or have rarely been used. Additionally, we describe generalized methods and software tools that allow a skilled individual to perform massive clean-up of files in some situations.The clean-up, while possibly sub-optimal in recreating "truth", can replace exceptionally large amounts of clerical review and allow many uses of the "cleaned" files.


With the threat of Global Warming becoming more and more evident, the famous words by John Donne are assuming a meaning closer to the literate... we are indeed fearful that the "clods will be washed away". As I write this I look out over the ocean. It is passive on this pristine day in the Cape... and it is difficult to focus on the awesome potential which could be released. The prudent will nevertheless take heed and prepare for what many now identify as inevitable.


Increasingly products and services are turning "green". Green Marketing, today, has come to acquire a significant place in Industry. This is because of the significant stress created by an increasing population on our eco-systems and the desire of more individuals and families to adopt a resource-intensive lifestyle. Green marketing recognizes the fact that marketing actions of a firm have an impact on the use of resources, generation of waste, and subsequent pollution. Sustainable green marketing therefore requires the development of a marketing mix that is compatible with the ecology. This is possible through product and delivery system designs for environment protection. For this purpose, understanding the ecology is crucial. It is important for the marketer to understand that a proper functioning of the eco-system ensures the existence of life on earth. Hence, he must not create services or product that in any way create imbalance and hence threatens life. Successful integration of eco-system in marketing decisions creates a win-win-win outcome. This means that all the three parties, namely the firm, the customer, and the eco-system, must win. The challenge, therefore, for the marketer is to create such a winning matrix. This paper cover the concepts of green marketing, briefly discuss why going green is important. It also highlights the differences between green marketing mix and traditional marketing mix and also points out that the orientation in green marketing is different from traditional marketing. The paper also examines the present trends of green marketing in India and describes the reason why companies are adopting it and future of green marketing and concludes that green marketing is something that will continuously grow in both practice and demand.


The global debates over inclusive education have long moved beyond the archaic notion of physical integration and more towards the meaningful participation in education, children's rights, and breaking down institutional barriers. The latest inclusion policy in China also recognises the need for schools to develop provisions to accommodate additional learner needs. However, Chinese teachers may still view inclusion as mere physical integration. This paper focuses on one key theme arising from a qualitative study and explores in-depth the possible causes behind teachers' interpretation of inclusion as physical integration to offer deeper understanding of how to move China's inclusive education forward. Drawing from 37 interviews with mainstream primary school teachers in a Chinese city, this paper illustrates how teachers' non-inclusive views can be embedded within the local culture, explaining how some teachers focused on physical attendance based on normalising values, while others emphasised assimilation as part of the collective culture. The paper aims to unsettle the often taken-for-granted beliefs regarding norms and collectivism in the Chinese culture. The conclusion suggests areas for change.


tumor specimens from the first-in-human clinical trial of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) +/- anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) in NSCLC (NCT02259621) 1,3 were stained with a 6-marker multiplex immunofluorescence mIF panel (PD-1, PD-L1, CD8, CD163, FoxP3, and cytokeratin). Eight specimens were from determined scRNAseq analy-ses NSCLC


One of the most important activities regarding computer systems project development is planning. A computer system can be understood as a set of documentations, source-codes, software, not necessarily specific hardware, inputs, outputs, and data processing. To develop computer systems, at least two main features must be considered. The first one is verifying whether these systems need to use any specific hardware, in order to be considered not just a general-purpose hardware of a conventional computer. The second feature is that these systems must often work in a time fashion mainly characterized as real-time systems. In this case, it is required to respond to events on time. However, the time order of occurrence of such events is not always predictable. If a computer system needs to run more than one task on a hardware processor responding to time criteria, it may require the use of a Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS). Conversely, if a computer system has some software embedded in hardware to solve a specific real-time problem, then it may be classified as a real-time embedded system. Those examples are just some factors influencing the development of real-time embedded system, impacting on budget, time, and human resources estimation. Therefore, it is necessary to use a model to estimate real-time embedded systems, in order to optimize existing estimation practices and to provide its implementation in organizations not using such practices yet. Such a model was not found in the literature by the authors of this academic work. For this reason, an estimation model was developed, described, detailed, and presented on this paper. The designed model involves rules for requirements elicitation and classification of both requirements and hardware factors developed in this work. Its main focus is to apply an estimation model in a case study named Pigeon Project. The purpose is to provide more accurate estimates for the development of realtime embedded systems, by improving cost and time of its delivery. This work also intends to report some estimation results to support project managers in their decision making processes throughout a project development life cycle.


In image processing, there is a need for efficient methods that complement statistical models by structural information about the spatial scene arrangement and compositional hierarchy. In order to recognise the structure of locally detected features, we propose a two-dimensional Church-Rosser Picture Language that facilitates the evaluation of local information compared to one-dimensional languages. Although Church-Rosser languages are able to represent certain types of context-sensitivity, the word problem is solvable in linear time. We describe how the concept of local replacements used in rewriting systems and restarting automata, helps in pattern and picture recognition. It is shown that the Church-Rosser Picture Language can be recognised by a deterministic shrinking two-dimensional restarting automaton. The practical application of the Church-Rosser Picture Language in object recognition is illustrated.


Mountain and foothill regions of Uzbekistan in the winter-spring period are the subject to erosion as a result of precipitation and mudflows. This fact led to the beginning of their strengthening with gabion structures. Gabions also improve the operation of the entire structure under the dynamic influences' action, including the seismic ones. In the work, research and testing in the laboratory and field conditions of the erected gabions effectiveness in road construction in the Parkent district of Tashkent region. The analysis of the gabion structures main structural parameters' influence to strengthen the subgrade on their stability and deformability has been performed. Reinforcement of the road subgrade 4P187 "Kiziltof sh. - Parkent sh. (59 km) - Kumushkon" was performed with box-shaped gabion structures. This road stretch from the stake PK80 to PK90 was blurred as a result of mudflow. To strengthen this slope, a local program for its targeted strengthening has been approved. As the initial conditions for the considered site survey, the work to determine the physical and mechanical properties of soils lying in the road slope has been carried out.


In order to solve the problem of the blind region for radar netting in jamming, based on the analysis of anti-jamming capability; this paper uses the highly mobile radar to compensate the blind region to upgrade the anti-jamming capability holistically. It defines the conception of the blind compensation gain, constructs the decision-making model and designs the genetic algorithm. The result of simulation indicates the model is effective. The model provides the decision-making evidence for mobile blind compensation and lays a foundation for reserve and application of highly mobile radars.


A large number of dark enclaves occur in the porphyritic granite of the Machangqing complex.Major elements,trace elements and Pb isotope compositions of enclaves and their host rocks have been analyzed.The characteristics of major and trace elements show that enclaves are genetically related to host rocks.Pb isotope results indicate that enclaves and host rocks may derive from the lower crust and EM Ⅱ.Based on above results and the petrographical features,the magma mixing genesis of the enclaves was determined.Dark enclaves in the Machangqing complex can supply credible geological evidence to reveal the origin of the alkali-rich magma,deep geodynamics and the relationship between rock and ore-forming process.It indicates that the Machangqing complex may be the production of mixing of crust-derived and mantle-derived magmas and that the mantle-derived magma may supply the main ore-forming materials.


Bulk modification and micro-structuring of diamonds using ultra-short laser pulses is of great interest due to its potential in photonic applications, radiation detectors and diamond gem marking. We report on bulk micro-structuring and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in type IIa single crystal diamond with multi pulse irradiation by picosecond-laser pulses at the wavelength 532nm (10ps & 44ps). The experiment was expanded by additional setups for on-line video imaging and spectroscopic measurements during laser irradiation and structure growth in the bulk diamond from the backside of the crystal. We discuss the influence of the crystal orientation ({100} and {110}) relative to the laser beam onto (i) the optical breakdown threshold, (ii) the character of the structural modifications and (iii) generation of SRS during irradiation. We show that the formation of bulk microstructures dramatically influences the behavior of the SRS and that the structure growth and the laser-induced breakdown in the bulk are governed by the dielectric breakdown mechanism. We will further present the conditions for efficient SRS lasing depending on the different pulse durations. Based on the Stokes-to-anti-Stokes intensity ratio in the recorded SRS spectra we will finally propose a method of local temperature measurements in the bulk of diamond to determine the "pre-breakdown" temperature.


The founders of the Korean Fair Trade Commision(KFTC) modeled the structure and function of this new organization from the U.S. Administrative Commission. The adjudications reached by the commision is equivalent to the judgment from a court of fist instance and thus, considering the intent of this function, the adjudication procedure and structure should be ruled by a quasi-judicial system. However, on the other hand, KTFC has a different structure and function, in accordance with the administrative law, from the court since KTFC is under an administrative body. Although KFTC`s adjudication procedure should bequasi-judicial, becaues of it`s nature as a priliminary steps for administrative measures, KFTC`s process should be distinguished from any judicial process of courts. Thus it has become a point of issue for KFTC`s management how to deal with the appropriate process and structure simulaneoulsy keeping fundamental aspect as an administrative measure and deliberating the fair decision with due protection of the rights of all concerned. To handle these issues, the KFTC need to introduce a administrative law judge system to enable the confrontation measure in practice; strict separation of each function; and guarantee of status equivalent to the court judges. Above all, basic principles to guarantee the fairess of adjudication should be settled. Besides, for KFTC, adding professional delicacy into their adjudications will be necessary to maintain the status as an quasi-judicial organization making judgments eaual to the first instances. Continguously, KFTC should consider measures to invite plenty of lawyers and economists to aid the judges of KFTC and support the adjudication procedure.


A new classification of kelyphitic rims on garnets from xenoliths of peridotitic and eclogitic parageneses of the mantle section under the Udachnaya-East kimberlite pipe (Yakutia) is presented. Five types of rims are identified: Rim1 develops between garnet and olivine/pyroxene (or rim2) and is composed of high-alumina pyroxenes, spinel, phlogopite; rim2, the coarse grain part of rim1, is located between rim1 and olivine/pyroxene, and mainly consists of phlogopite and less aluminous larger pyroxenes and spinel; rim3 develops between garnet and kimberlite, and presents with phlogopite and Fe-Ti spinel; rim4 sometimes presents instead of rim1/rim2 and consists of zoned high-Cr phlogopite with rare fine grains of chromium spinel; rim5, a "pocket" between garnet and rim1, is represented by microcrystalline aggregates of clinopyroxene, mica, spinel, calcite, and feldspar in different variations. Rims 1, 2, and 3 are typical for garnets of all studied parageneses. Rims 4 and 5 develop on high-Cr subcalcic garnets of the most depleted peridotites. Reactions of the formation of all types of rims are given in the article. Each type of kelyphite demonstrates a clear enrichment with a certain component: Rim1—MgO and alkalis; rim2—TiO2; rim3—FeO and TiO2; rim4—Cr2O3; and rim5—CaO, suggesting the multistage injection of different components by mantle fluid.


Illiteracy and low cultural level have been considered in the litterature as risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In Portugal the prevalence of illiteracy is very high in particular in the age brackets proper for deve loping dementia. This study adresses the question of the relationship between the two facts, based on the following hypothesis: if cognition in low education subjects stems mainiy on semantic association (as compared to high level symbolic ones) and if Alzheimer's disease disturbs mainly memory and semantic mechanisms, the pattern of cognitive dysfunction would be different if we compare populations of different educational levels. Results obtained by 64 literate (46 demented and 18 non-demented) and 59 illiterate (26 demented and 33 non-demented) subjects in a test battery for dementia c o n f m the hypothesis. It can be conclude that cuiture contributes for the generation of mechanisms of association that are based on different structures that can be considered more ((primitive)). The disease process affects mainly the areas responsable for the «primitive» mechanisms and spares the more sophisticate one, at least at the begining of the evolution of the disease.


In a previous paper (see Electron. Lett., vol.25, no.22, p.1499-1500, 1989), the authors have shown that it is possible to map an odd-length type-II and type-III even discrete cosine transform (EDCT) to a real-valued DFT of the same length with sign changes and permutations only. In this work, the authors extend the approach to device-efficient algorithms for computing the odd discrete cosine and sine transforms (ODCT and ODST). It is found that a N point type-I ODCT can be reformulated as a (2N-1)-point DFT of a real-symmetric sequence. Also, by representing the odd indices in the type-II, -III and -IV transforms using the Ruritanian map, it is possible to construct a simple index mapping which maps the transforms to a type-I ODCT or ODST of the same length with permutations and sign changes only. Similar results are obtained for the odd sine transforms. Using the Kronecker matrix product representation of the multidimensional transforms all these algorithms can be generalized to higher dimensions.<<ETX>>


The text of Am 7:10–17 is primarily a dialogue, not a biographical narrative. Therefore, this article analyses the text of Am 7:10–17 as a dialogue between Amaziah and Amos. The former interprets Amos' words in a worldly, horizontal way. He views Amos as a rebel preaching against the state. In the same way he also interprets his own ministry. As a priest, he is a royal official, a servant of the "king's sanctuary". Amos, in contrast, corrects his view. He affirms that he is not merely a prophet who prophesies in order to earn money, but that he prophesies because he has been called by God. The basic difference between both figures resides in their points of view, which are mutually incompatible and exclusive. This difference is the main reason for casting the prophet out of Bethel. Thus, Amos turns God's word against Amaziah himself, and at the same time against all those who, like Amaziah, are not able take God into consideration any longer. ThLic. Adam Mackerle Katedra biblických věd Teologická fakulta Jihočeské univerzity Kněžská 8 370 01 České Budějovice 59 J. JereMias, Der Prophet, s. 108.


Ferroelectric K0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (KBTi) and Cr-doped K0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 ((K0.5Bi4.5Ti3.97 Cr0.03O15-δ), (KBTC)) thin films were prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by using a chemical solution deposition method. The thin films were annealed at 750°C for 3 min by a rapid thermal annealing process under oxygen atmosphere. Compared to pure KBTi thin film, there was no structural change while improved ferroelectric and leakage current properties were observed. The values of remnant polarization (2Pr ) and coercive field (2Ec ) were 50.9 μC/cm2 and 244 kV/cm at an applied electric field of 300 kV/cm, respectively. The 2Pr we observed is compatible with that of doped bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric thin films. Leakage current density was 6.00 × 10−7 A/cm2 at 200 kV/cm. The enhanced properties of KBTC could be explained by a defect dipole (Cr′Ti-V) and increased average grain size.


Objective To explore the surgical approach for the dumbbell-shaped hypoglossal schwannoma. Methods Bony hypoglossal canal (HC) and its associated structures were measured with thin-cut CT scan in 20 dried skull-basic bone, 15 dried atlases and 15 wet head-neck specimens of adults, and the surgical approach to expose the entire HC and its intracranial and extracranial orifices was explored in the wet head-neck specimens. Results HC was situated deeply in the anterior half of lateral margin of foramen magnum with complex adjacent structures, and transverse process of the atlas, jugular foramen, jugular tubercle and occipital condyle (OC) constitutes the main bony hindrances accessing to HC. However, the entire HC and its intracranial and extracranial orifices could be exposed extradurally when HC was opened above OC with condylar canal and jugular foramen as landmarks and the transverse process of the atlas was removed, which could improve the exposure of the region anterior and lateral to OC, and dumbbell-shaped hypoglossal schwannoma could be removed in one stage when combined with the subdural approach. Conclusion The far-lateral trans-supracondylar and atlas transverse process approach can be one choice for one-stage resection of dumbbell-shaped hypoglossal schwannoma.


Computer aided simulations were used to investigate various grain boundary configurations in superconducting (YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7}) thin films. Four angles for tilt grain boundaries were simulated (12.45{degree}, 53.5{degree}, 66.4{degree}, and 74.6{degree}). Energies of unrelaxed configurations were calculated. Defect control is an important part of growing high quality thin films. Defect formation can be controlled most effectively at a nucleation stage, before the nucleus of the defect becomes stable. Cracks are a major structural defects in superconductor thin films. In order to investigate nucleation and propagation of cracks in the thin films favorable nucleation sites for crack formation need to be determined.


GeO 2 :PbO:PbF 2 glasses doped with ErF 3 , YbF 3 , and CeF 3 were successfully synthesized. Highly transparent doped glass-ceramics were prepared by annealing the glasses at 360 °C, leading to nanocomposites made of β-PbF 2 crystallites embedded into an amorphous oxide phase. The effect of CeF 3 on the nucleation process was studied, revealing that CeF 3 , as ErF 3 and YbF 3 , acts as seeds for β-PbF 2 heterogeneous nucleation, but with higher nucleation efficiency. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that spherical 8-nm crystallites are formed. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis tends to indicate that fluoride crystallites contained high concentrations of rare-earth ions, forming a solid solution Pb 1 - x - y - z Er x Yb y Ce z F 2 + x + y + z , which has been confirmed by a study of the crystallites unit cell parameter. The optical properties of the tri-doped glass-ceramics were compared to those of Yb:Er-codoped glass-ceramics. The influence of CeF 3 on the Er 3 + emission and on the fluorescence decay curve of the 4 I 1 3 / 2 emitting level of Er 3 + was studied. In glass-ceramics containing CeF 3 , Er 3 + up-conversion fluorescence nearly vanishes at the benefit of the 1.54-μm Er 3 + fluorescence which is enhanced.


The collective study of the moral treatises of lille manuscript 366 - the book of tribulations, an adaptation of de duodecim utilitatibus tribulationis, by pierre de blois, and the book of temptations, probably an original work - makes it possible for us to perceive the oneness of the test, we must all go through. Atti- tudes may differ. Despair, stubborn refusal, stoic self-sufficiency: ineffective- ness. Christian acceptance: efficiency. It is the merits of the passion that endow it with supernatural value : the expiation of sin, the abundance of grace, salva- tion. In the charity of the mystical body.


We report a case of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I associated myelopathy (HAM) with ossification of the thoracic yellow ligament.The patient was a 49-year-old woman who had a 7-year history of low back pain, gait disturbance and bladder dysfunction. On physical examinations range of her lumbar motion was severely limited, and hypesthesia below the level of Th8, hyper reflexia of the upper and lower extremities and spastic gait were observed. Lateral tomography disclosed a ossification of yellow ligament at the level of Th10, 11 and Th12, also a mild atrophy of the spinal cord was recognized. on MRI. Antibodies to HTLV-I was elavated in her serum and cerebro-spinal fluid. Considering these results, it was proper to make her diagnosis as HAM.


In this paper,the authors study the mathematic model for seismic wave propagation in complex underground medium,discuss the boundary element method for solving seismic wave equations in time-domain,establish two theoretical seismic exploration models,and implement numerical simulation so as to obtain the synthetic seismograms.


The energy spectrum of a semi-infinite molecular crystal with a point defect on the surface is studied. It is shown that the criterion of uncoupling and the position of the impurity level depend on the distance of the impurity to a crystal boundary. In the case when a level of a surface exciton exists in the system, the uncoupling of the impurity term from the surface exciton band occurs at any slightest distortion of the molecule term. The data obtained can be used to investigate a number of phenomena such as the phonon spectrum and the electron spectrum in the approximation of tight coupling and in some other cases.

[Russian Text Ignored]


This chapter provides a basis for discussion and analysis of the quality characteristics of the Agile Information Systems Development (AISD) process, and exposes concerns regarding the applicability and suitability of agile methods in different organisational and national cultures. The arguments are derived from recent literature reviews and reports on the state - of - the - art in Agile Meth odologies . We also reflect


fit of this type of placement for relatively junior trainees as described (ST4). Personal accounts in the literature of these overseas placements tend to focus on the benefits for advanced trainees, where the hospital is also seen to benefit by having a senior registrar on site, who is given 'a large amount of responsibility'. Care must be taken when organising these placements as different hospitals will vary vastly in the levels of staffing, facilities and the suitability of the environment for training. However, for those wishing to pursue this alternative form of experience, we would direct trainees towards the Reference Guide for Postgraduate Specialty Training in the UK (Gold Guide) which reaffirms the recommendation from the Crisp report that 'An NHS framework for international development should explicitly recognise the value of overseas experience and...make it easier to gain this experience and training'. Prospective approval is obviously strongly encouraged, but the benefit of the online Integrated Surgical Curriculum Project, to show attainment of curriculum-based competencies, is evident in this situation where progression overseas can be closely monitored from the UK. Although there are advantages and disadvantages to overseas training, we do not feel that this discussion of operative experience should detract from the advanced work on authentic simulators and other devices to augment training. We strongly encourage surgical innovators to continue these developments.


Biogeochemistry of the northern Indian Ocean (NIO), represented by the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB), is dynamically influenced by different physical forcing mechanisms. While the nutrients derived from the eddies and perennial rivers drive primary production in the BoB, the same is influenced by the winter convective mixing and upwelling in the AS. Primary production and community respiration are the two major processes that govern the ocean biogeochemistry and influence nutrient cycles, degree of deoxygenation and acidification. Despite being densely populated and second largest fertilizer consumption country in the world, Indian coasts are far less influenced by the mere (<10%) nutrient export fluxes from its estuaries on either side. Aerosols play a significant role; sulphate aerosols led to coastal ocean acidification while nutrient aerosols contribute to coastal fertilization. The ongoing coastal ocean acidification in the BoB is an order of magnitude lesser than elsewhere, suggesting that our systems are less impacted by anthropogenic effects. NIO harbours thickest and widest oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), its intensity is much higher in the AS compared to the BoB. The upwelling of these OMZ waters along the west coast of India during summer monsoon stimulates intense oxygen depletion and acidic conditions, which apparently converts it to one of the major hub of Greenhouse Gases (especially CO2 and N2O) production. The oxygenation/deoxygenation conditions define the nitrification/denitrification shifts and, in turn, the marine nitrogen cycle. The increase in oxygen requirements with the increase in trophic status of marine life will be impacted by the degree of deoxygenation and the anoxic conditions favour non-conducive atmosphere for coastal fishery causing their mortality.


This article discusses the significance, scope and possible ways of the international co-operation of police training,involving the international exchanges of officials for being trained, giving lectures and academic reports and so on.


Using a two-dimensional, ideal MHD model, this paper investigates the evolution of a slow shock in the solar wind in the heliospheric equatorial plane (2-D, 2-component model) and the heliospheric meridional plane (2-D, 3-component model) respectively. It is shown that the slow shock evolves into a shock system that consists of the original slow shock and a newly formed fast shock. The shock system is nearly symmetrical with respect to the central normal of the slow shock source in the heliospheric meridional plane, whereas it is asymmetrical in the heliospheric equatorial plane. There exists a touch point between the fronts of fast and slow shocks, at which the two shocks merge and degenerate into a gas-dynamic shock. The touch point deviates eastward with respect to the central normal of the shock source, and the deviation angle increases during the outward propagation of the shock system. A preliminary analysis shows that the east-west asymmetry of the propagation and evolution of the slow shock in the heliospheric equatorial plane is mainly attributed to the spiral structure of the interplanetary magnetic field.


In view of problem D of China MCM in 2003, we made this optimized model.Solving the model we obtained different optimized route in different fluent situation .Then we analysed the model result and the application value of the model.


Introduction: Attention deficit - hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder which should be effectively treated in order to decrease the severity of its symptoms. In the present study, the effects of proprioceptive and vestibular sensory integration were aimed to be determined as a treatment approach for alleviating the symptoms of this disorder. Materials and Methods: In this study a quasi-experimental method with pretest, posttest, and control group was adopted. Participants were thirty-two 6-to-12 year-old students with ADHD studying at the schools of Semnan, Iran. They were randomly selected and assigned to either an experimental (n = 16) or control group (n = 16). The experimental group received a sensory integration intervention program (with an emphasis on Proprioceptive and Vestibular senses) that consisted of 12 sessions, lasting 2 hours each and held two times a week. The Child Symptom Inventory- 4 (CSI-4) was used to evaluate the symptoms of the disorder. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, and also by univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: According to the reports of teachers, the experimental group had better scores for inattention and hyperactivity than did the control group (P > 0.001). Impulsivity scores, however, was not significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group (P 0.001). Conclusion: The intervention involving sensory- motor integration with an emphasis on proprioceptive and vestibular senses significantly improved attention deficits, hyperactivity and impulsivity in the studied population. Keywords: Sensory-motor integration, Proprioceptive and vestibular senses, Attention deficit, Hyperactivity and impulsivity


1. Introduction 2. Battling for Wolfenden 3. Scotland: Against the Odds 4. Memoirs of an Anti-Heroine 5. A Community of Interests 6. Coming to Terms 7. Separatism: A Look Back at Anger 8. Faltering From the Closet 9. The Importance of Being Lesbian 10. Living on the Fringes - in More Ways than One 11. Oi! What About us? 12. 'Irrespective of Race, Sex, Sexuality...' 13. Voices in my Ear 14. The Liberation of Affection 15. Amnesia and Antagonism: Anti-Lesbianism in the Youth Service 16. Lesbian Mothers: The Fight for Child Custody 17. Parrot Cries 18. Normal Channels 19. The Should We, Shouldn't We? Debate 20. One Step to Heaven 21. Somewhere over the Rainbow 22. No Going Back


This paper presents an exploration of public discourse surrounding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture, specifically related to precision agriculture techniques. (1) Advancements in the use of AI have increased its implementation in the agricultural sector, often framed as a sustainable solution for feeding a growing global population. However, lessons learned from previous agricultural innovations indicate that new technologies may face public scrutiny and suspicion, limiting the dissemination of the innovation. Using systems thinking approaches can help to improve the development and dissemination of agricultural innovations and limit the unintended consequences of innovations within society. (2) To analyze the current discourse surrounding AI in agriculture, a content analysis was conducted on Twitter using Meltwater to select tweets with specific reach and engagement. (3) Seven themes resulted from the analysis: precision agriculture and digital technology innovation; transformation and the future of agriculture; accelerate solutions, solve challenges; data management and accessibility; transforming crop management, prioritizing adoption; and AI and sustainability. (4) The discourse on AI in agriculture on Twitter was overwhelmingly positive, failing to account for the potential drawbacks or limits of the innovation. This paper examines the limits of the current communication and outreach across environmental, economic, social, cultural, political, and behavioral contexts.


We study the finite temperature properties of the extended Bose-Hubbard model on a cubic lattice. This model exhibits the so-called supersolid state. To start with, we investigate the ground-state phase diagram and find the supersolid state in the region of underdoped (less than the half-filled) density in contrast to the cases of one- and two-dimensional systems where the superfluid state and the solid state show the phase separation. Next, we investigate ordering processes at finite temperatures by quantum Monte Carlo simulations and find successive superfluid and solid phase transitions. There, we find that the two order parameters compete with each other. We establish a finite temperature phase diagram, which contains the superfluid, the solid, the supersolid, and the disordered phases. We develop a mean-field theory to analyze the ordering processes and compare the result with that obtained by simulations and discuss the mechanism of the competition of these two orders. We also study how the supersolid region shrinks as the on-site repulsion becomes strong.


This thesis presents methods by which electrical analogies can be obtained for nonlinear systems. The accuracy of these methods is investigated and several specific types of nonlinear equations are studied in detail. In Part I a general method is given for obtaining electrical analogs of nonlinear systems with one degree of freedom. Loop and node methods are compared and the stability of the loop analogy is briefly considered. Parts II and III give a description of the equipment and a discussion of its accuracy. Comparisons are made between experimental and analytic solutions of linear systems. Part IV is concerned with systems having a nonlinear restoring force. In particular, solutions of Duffing's equation are obtained, both by using the electrical analogy and also by approximate analytical methods. Systems with nonlinear damping are considered in Part V. Two specific examples are chosen: (1) forced oscillations and (2) self-excited oscillations (van der Pol's equation). Comparisons are made with approximate analytic solutions. Part VI gives experimental data for a system obeying
Mathieu's equation. Regions of stability are obtained. Examples of subharmonic, ultraharmonic, and ultrasubharmonic oscillat1ons are shown.


Abstract In the present study, the composition of bio-oil was determined using various analysis techniques such as H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, DEPT 90 & 135, and GC-MS. The bio-oil was produced from torrefaction of mixed food waste at 300 °C with heating rate of 10 °C/min. The novelty in this study lies in two facts; (i) NMR has been used as a qualitative method in contrary to it being used a quantitative method in previous works on bio-oil from other biomass and the compounds identified via GC-MS were cross checked via NMR Spectra of the compounds that were present in large quantity in bio-oil sample (> 3%); (2) bio-oil from mixed food waste (MFW) as no study was there to determine the detailed composition of bio-oil from MFW. Characteristics of MFW is quite different from typical biomass as it has additional compounds such as starch, protein, and lipids and found to be generating bio-oil of different composition.


Objective To study mechanical properties of the microstructure of the articular cartilage with biological activity by nanoindentation tests under the condition of keeping the articular cartilage in water.Methods The different abilities to keep in situ mechanical properties of the articular cartilage with cold mosaic method or with moisturizing method were evaluated by experiments,and the mechanical properties of the microstructure of the articular cartilage in different kinds of solution used in moisturizing method were also obtained.Results The experiment showed that the elastic modulus on the cartilage surface layer with cold mosaic method was much higher than that with moisturizing method,and the elastic modulus on the cartilage surface and deep layer in chitosan and saline were much lower than that in distilled water.Conclusions The moisturizing method is better at preserving in situ mechanical properties and biological activity of the biological materials,and chitosan and saline are proved to have the effect of keeping mechanical properties of the cartilage used in moisturizing method.


Disclaimer. It is unlikely that there will be a complete proof of the main result at the end of the seminar, for various different reasons: Not only do the authors defer some foundational material on multiplicative equivariant stable homotopy theory to a still unwritten appendix. But even without the missing appendix, there is already now too much material to be covered. This prompted our decision not to proceed in the given order. In particular, we have placed the discussion of the reduction and slice theorems towards the end, as they are easy to state, but their proofs are rather involved.


The method for successive preparation of low-dimentional nanocarbon by laser ablation at the interface of target submerged in liquid is adopted in this article.The morphology and structure of product was exeminationed by TEM,the result show that the type and use level of cata- lyst,compositon of liquid,static or flowing liquid can affect product greatly.


Mental illness or mental health has significantly increased nowadays, including and not limited to employees in Jakarta. If the factors that affect Mental Health can be identified, better treatment can be made. The aim of this study is to find the right treatment for people in the workplace who are mentally ill, by knowing the factor that mostly affect them and how to manage that in such a manner so that it will not cause more severe illness. Method employed in this study was two step clustering method and then analyzed with regression and classification tree. The variables that characterize the mental health illness are worry, anxiety, sadness, like solitude, swing emotion, crying without reason, live in fantasy, preferring to be alone, inferiority, passion, feel strange, anger, strange voices, lazy, desire to sleep, followed by shadow, and uselessness. By these variables, respondents are categorized into low and high level. The variables that thought affect are gender, parents' marriage, family problems, using gadgets, disappointment, trauma, low economic, extrinsic and intrinsic factors, and smartphone addiction. This study has pointed out that the variable that most influences is disappointment and others are using gadgets, smartphone addiction, low economic, and parent marriage.


This paper introduces a novel approach in using a swarm intelligence algorithm - Stochastic Diffusion Search - in medical imaging. After summarising the results of some previous work - showing how the algorithm assists the identification of metastasis in bone scans and microcalcifications on the mammographs - for the first time, the use of the algorithm in assessing the CT images of aorta is demonstrated along with its performance in detecting the nasogastric tube in chest X-ray. The swarm intelligence algorithm presented in this paper is adapted to address these particular tasks and its functionality is investigated by running the swarms on sample CT images and X-rays whose status have been determined by two senior radiologists.


Objective To investigate the effect of Modified Sinixiexin Decoction (MSNXX) on the contents of gastrin(GAS) and motilin(MOT) in rat with chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) and to explore the mechanism of MSNXX treating CAG.MethodsTwelve rats were randomly as control group ( A ) from fifty six SD rats , the other forty four rats were as the models of chronic atrophic gastritis. After the CAG experimental model in rat was established, survivors of the rats were randomly divided into model group ( B ) , Weimeisu therapy group ( C ) and MSNXX therapy group ( D ) . Then A and B were given NS for 4 weeks, C and D were respectively given Weimeisu and MSNXX for 4 weeks. Then all rats were sacrificed, the contents of GAS and MOT in serum were measured , and the pathological changes of the gastric mucosa were observed by gross appearance and microscopy.Results The contents of GAS in serum in D was significantly higher than that in B(P0.01). The contents of MOT in serum in D was significantly lower than that in B and C(P0.05).Conclusion MSNXX might treat the motility disorders of the stomach and intestines by influencing the gastrointestinal hormone level.


This study compares the performance characteristics of a household refrigerator equipped with an Electronic Expansion Valve (EEV) with those with a capillary tube. A 513-liter top-mount refrigerator, originally equipped with a capillary tube, was retrofitted with a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) expansion valve and extensively tested. Comparative analyses were performed based on standardized pull-down and energy consumption tests, carried out at three ambient temperatures (18°C, 32°C and 43°C) and with three compressor speeds (2000 rpm, 3600 rpm and 4500 rpm). It was shown that the EEV system showed better performance in terms of energy consumption, as compared with the capillary tube system, only at high cooling loads (ambient temperature of 43C) and at low cooling capacities (compressor speed of 2000 rpm). For a wide range of operating conditions the pull-down times of both systems were kept within a difference band of ± 3%.


The lateral habenula (LHb) is a small, bilateral, epithalamic nucleus which processes aversive information. While primarily glutamatergic, LHb neurons express genes coding for many neuropeptides, such as Adcyap1 the gene encoding pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP), which itself has been associated with anxiety and stress disorders. Using Cre‐dependent viral vectors, we targeted and characterized these neurons based on their anatomical projections and found that they projected to both the raphe and rostromedial tegmentum but only weakly to ventral tegmental area. Using RiboTag to capture ribosomal‐associated mRNA from these neurons and reanalysis of existing single cell RNA sequencing data, we did not identify a unique molecular phenotype that characterized these PACAP‐expressing neurons in LHb. In order to understand the function of these neurons, we conditionally expressed hM3Dq DREADD selectively in LHb PACAP‐expressing neurons and chemogenetically excited these neurons during behavioral testing in the open field test, contextual fear conditioning, sucrose preference, novelty suppressed feeding, and conditioned place preference. We found that Gq activation of these neurons produce behaviors opposite to what is expected from the LHb as a whole—they decreased anxiety‐like and fear behavior and produced a conditioned place preference. In conclusion, PACAP‐expressing neurons in LHb represents a molecularly diverse population of cells that oppose the actions of the remainder of LHb neurons by being rewarding or diminishing the negative consequences of aversive events.


Abstract : The Army's nationwide Residential Community Initiative (RCI) provides a new vision for solving an old problem. Years of funding shortfalls and resource allocation decisions created a significant deterioration in the construction repair and maintenance of housing. The Department of the Army with Congressional support started RCI in an effort to leverage private funds through a partnering arrangement to stem this decline and improve family and solider Quality of Life (QOL) overall service member satisfaction and retention in the all-volunteer Army. Congress conceived this program with legislation approved in 1996. Since that time changes in the environment like September 11, 2001 the Global War on Terrorism and Operations Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Iraqi Freedom in Iraq continue to impact all Army programs. Other new initiatives under review by the Chief of Staff of the Army also have the potential to affect the RCI program. The purpose of this paper is to examine RCI and assess program progress determine its ability to meet stated goals identify areas of concern and recommend solutions to current emerging and future challenges.


Observations of three X-ray luminous early-type galaxies, NGC 4472, NGC 4636 and NGC 3998, with the satellite Ginga, are presented. The X-ray spectra of NGC 4472 and NGC 4636 can be described as thermal emission from an optically thin plasma. The temperatures of the hot gas are determined. The X-ray spectrum of NGC 3998 is well fitted by a power-law model having a photon index of 2.0, the same sort of spectrum typical of AGN.


In the absence of the chairman of the Committee on Methods of Handling Cit rus Groves, I have set down not any rules, but merely a few observations on this subject. As a newcomer to Florida, my obser vations will necessarily be limited to and perhaps apply to a rather small section of this large State. The grove practices on Terraceia Island, in Manatee county, have been alluded to and discussed at some length in the "Florida Grower," es pecially the methods followed by Mr. C. S. Blood—called by the editor of the Grower, "The Blood Method." The groves of the Terraceia Estates, now under my care, were set out under Mr. Blood's direction, and his methods used in most of the setting.


Despite significant contributions to the national economy of Bangladesh, various urban developments, massive industrial and growing shipping activities are making the water of many urban rivers, including Karnaphuli River, extremely polluted. To find out the pollution sources and their possible health effects, 45 water samples were collected from 15 sampling stations. Investigation of six physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, conductivity, salinity, and turbidity) through in-situ measurements and eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) status using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was carried out in this research. Both the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO)'s permeable threshold limit. The calculated hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) ingestion values indicate non-carcinogenic risk both for adults and children, but dermal exposure was within the safety limit. Carcinogenic risk analysis revealed that Cd could cause a risk of cancer in those using the river water for a long period. Spatial analysis and metal pollution index (MPI) results exhibit that downstream of the river water is more polluted than upstream of the river. Overall, the findings of this study imply that polluted water is a threat to human health and the results will also help to undertake proper management strategies and incorporate monitoring programs that study river water for the implementation of safety measures to protect human health.


Traditional food soybean curd was prepared using the fresh fruit juice of Schizandra chinensis RUPRECHT(Omija) and Prunus mume(maesil), and investigated the optimal preparative conditions(water addition ratio, heating time of mashed soybean and fresh fruit juice concentration), physical properties, sensory evaluation and shelf-life. Soybean curd coagulated with 0.9% Omija juice showed the highest yield at , 12.5 times water addition and 5 min heating. For soybean curd coagulated with 1.5% Maesil juice showed the highest yield at , 10 times water addition and 5 min heating. The physical properties (hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness and gumminess) of soybean curd coagulated with juices of Omija and Maesil showed lower values for hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness and gumminess. However sensory scores of both were evaluated higher than those of coagulated with . The shelf-life of soybean curd prepared from Omija and Masil juices and then soaked in 0.1% acetic acid was better than that of coagulated with or soaked in distilled water.