Safety system for a manufacturing machine (1) provided with at least one tool (2) which can injure the operator (7), comprising: - a pair of gloves (8) must be worn by the operator (7 ) and are provided with an outer surface of dielectric material and an inner electrically conductive surface (41), - a signal generator alarm (11) connected to said inner conductive surface (41), - a processor unit (15) connected to the metal machine members and to said at least one tool (2) via a safety circuit (18) designed to detect said alarm signal when the operator (7) cuts one of said gloves (8) to enter in contact with one of the mechanical elements of the machine (1), said processor unit (15) provided with means (13, 20) for interrupting machine operation upon detection of said alarm signal being characterized in that said signal alarm is a is NAL alternating current, whose intensity is established by said processor unit (15) on the basis at least of the physical characteristics of the operator (7) measured by a suitable circuit (16) for determining at least these characteristics.


The effect obtained using terbutaline and Duovent was studied in a group of 16 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The drugs were administered by aerosol in doses based on spirometric indices of flow and lung capacity. The results obtained confirm the efficacy of the two drugs in improving gas flow. This improvement persisted for 6-7 h after administration. Comparison of the two drugs has shown that as far as FVC is concerned, the improvement obtained with Duovent is longer-lasting than that with terbutaline. There were no side-effects.


This article provides a review of the variety of special programs and policies that have been developed in university settings where students come from culturally diverse backgrounds, with a focus on the experiences of Alaska Native students in a 4-year institution. It examines tensions that exist between the culture of the university and the indigenous culture of students and reviews the kinds of changes and accommodations that have been negotiated by students and universities where there have been attempts to develop environments in which students can be academically successful in ways that allow them to build upon and maintain their cultural identity.


Using Gamification and Cyber Learning Environment to Improve Students' Learning in an Introductory Computer Programming Course: An Empirical Case Study Mrs. Mourya Reddy Narasareddy Gari, North Dakota State University I am Ph.D student at North Dakota State University. My research work is to see how different Learning strategies affect the student learning. Dr. Gursimran Singh Walia, North Dakota State University Gursimran S. Walia is an associate professor of Computer Science at North Dakota State University. His main research interests include empirical software engineering, software engineering education, human factors in software engineering, and software quality. He is a member of the IEEE Computer Society. Contact him at firstname.lastname@example.com Mr. Alex Radermacher, North Dakota State University


Digital textbooks, considered as core textbooks tailored to the abilities and interests of students, provide them with a combination of textbooks, reference books, workbooks, dictionaries and multimedia contents. In this paper, we employ a modified version of the Technology Acceptance Model(TAM), a model which has been widely used and empirically validated to explain why individuals use a particular information technology(IT). This paper proposes that additional variables, such as educational impacts, contents quality, interaction and enjoyment, enhance our understanding of behaviors of pilot school teachers in using multimedia-based digital textbooks as a substitute for traditional paper-version of textbooks. A structural equation model is employed with survey data from 157 pilot school teachers in pilot program supported by Korean government and KERIS(Korea Education & Research Information Service), to empirically assess the strength of the relationships in the proposed model. It is hoped that the results from this study provide meaningful insight into the development and delivery of high quality digital textbooks.


A display device comprising a main LCD, a sub LCD, and a backlight. The main LCD display information. Sub-LCD is mounted so that the back surface opposite to the main LCD to display information different from the information of the main LCD. Backlighting the main LCD and the sub LCD. Also discloses a portable terminal device.


Malfunction of a WAW-500 computer controlled electrohydraulic service tester was briefly introduced,and the reason for the load value of the tester presented nonlinear deviation was analyzed.Then according to the analysis results the rigid framed structure of the tester was repaired and position of the working piston cylinder was modified to reduce the friction between piston cylinders and make the tester work normally.Because friction between the piston cylinders of the testers could cause serious nonlinear deviation of load measurement,the tensile testing machine should be inspected regularly to avoid similar errors happen.


The precipitation that enters landfill wastes interacts with waste components and leaches metals and other substances. There are very complex interactions between the leachate and waste components that depend on pH, the metal and other component speciation, the presence of ligands, overall waste composition, redox potential, and others. Most of the leachate is collected in the leachate collection and treatment system. However, some of the leachate penetrates the bottom liner system from mechanisms similar to infiltration, and enters the soil column, and subsequently enters the groundwater.

Metal speciation and mobility are influenced by physical, chemical, and biological processes, and complex interactions between these processes may result in transporting specific contaminants at different rates. Attenuation of mobile metals depends on the amount of time that the contaminant is in contact with the material, the physical and chemical characteristics of the material, and the characteristics of the leachate.

Keywords:

landfill;
leachate;
metal speciation;
metal mobility;
transport;
contaminant;
complexation;
chelation;
humification


Aim and background: The goal of this research is, to study the effect of different dental impression methods in the abutment and fixture levels using the Sectional (SE) and Full Arch (FA) approaches in some implants with internal connectionsas well as different angles of each implant placements on the accuracy of the final casts. Methods and Materials: 4 analogues(implant replicas) were placed on both sides of the imaginary arch (the premolar and the first molar area)in a way that, the opposite side analogues would buccolingually make an angle of 4060 degreeswhile, each of the analogueswere tilted 10 degreesmesially in their longitudinal axis. The dental impression procedure in both fixture and abutment levels was conducted by the same person using Poly Vinyl Siloxane (PVS). 10 FA and 10 SE dental impressions were taken from each fixture and abutmentlevels. The impressions were castedusingDental Stone Type IV. The center to center distance between the implants (a, b and etc.) along with their angles (θ1, θ2 and etc.) on the initial cast and the duplicated cast were all measured using the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) device in the X-Y-Z axis. The results were analyzed using a statistic software called Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20) based on theT-Test, One-Way ANOVA and Two-Way ANOVA statistical methods. (p<0.05) Results: The results of the Two-Way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the studied groups. (P<0.001) The results of the One-Way ANOVA illustratedchanges of line and angle movements in all positions as (Δa, Δb, Δc, etc.) and (Δθ1, Δθ2, etc.) while, using FA impression in the fixture and the abutment levels showed a significant statistical difference. (P<0.001) The results of the T-Test in the SE approach in two levels of fixture and abutment demonstratedthat, only changes in θ2angle wassignificant, as other changes of (Δf and Δθ1)also showed a significant difference. (P>0.05) Moreover, the SE approach in abutment's level was significantly more precise in accordanceto the fixture level. Conclusion: In angulated implants, it is recommended to make the dental impressionin the abutment level using a sectional approach which, has higher precision.


Group II introns, found in bacterial genones and organelles of eukaryotes, are potential tools in genetic engineering and genomic analysis. The new properties of group II introns were first explored by ionizing radiation giving rise to multiple cellular and biological effects. Experimental results showed that group II introns can be effective vectors in gene therapy.


Digital technology for teaching practice students means the ability of student teachers to use digital artefacts as integral part of their pedagogical content knowledge. Student teachers need to be also aware of what implications this has for teaching and learning strategies plus the building aspects in the lesson presentation. A new approach to teaching practice, calibrated for the 21 st century, requires teachers to be willing to assist the student teachers in this regard. The teaching practice period is meant to expose student teachers to the most sobering technological frontier in history because they inherit a complex set of global dilemmas and this emphasise the rational of this study. The proposed study aims to prepare teaching practice students for the classrooms of the future. Teachers often expressed their lack of confidence in their digital technology skills and this can implicitly affect their attitudes towards the use of digital technology in their teaching. Therefore, the presenters argue that, the teaching practice student should be empowered in the fast-paced digital environment of the current millennium generation. Teachers often do not expect learners to be sharing knowledge through connections. This is a key aspect of learning in the digital age within a connectivist learning theory. The empirical research has been conducted in an interpretive qualitative paradigm underpinned by a complexity theory conceptual framework. Convenience sampling has been used in this study. One teacher from each of the three secondary schools in Gauteng has been selected to participate. This study has challenged the participating teachers to reflect on their own teaching praxis when using digital technology as an integrated part of their pedagogical content knowledge. One of the outputs of this research study is a model for teachers to use as an example for training the teaching practice students. This model can also be a source of information for digital technology literacy education. The intention is to guide teaching practice students to develop their own programmes for digital technology literacy to meet the teaching demands for the 21 st century.


This study addressed whether black nationalist tendencies explain why some blacks in 1980 perceived that the civil rights movement and black elected officials failed to improve the black community's standing, including their own life chances. Those holding positions consistent with black nationalism argue, among other things, that racial integration, political participation, and alignment with white interests could not ultimately produce racial parity. Instead, they support (cultural, social, economic, and political) separatism, constant vigilance, and community uplift as tactics for engineering racial parity. Using data from a nationally representative survey of the black population collected 35 years ago, the authors measured black nationalist tendencies using six indicators: (1) agreement that blacks should vote for black candidates, (2) agreement that blacks should shop in black-owned stores, (3) agreement that black men should not date white women, (4) support for forming a black political party, (5) the presence of black literature and/or art in respondents' homes, and (6) a sense of common fate. The authors found that these indicators associated significantly with perceived inefficacy of the civil rights movement and of black elected officials. However, the associations' directions and strength often varied appreciably. The authors call for future research that characterizes black nationalist tendencies and investigates their contemporary interpersonal and sociopolitical implications.


Therapies based on the gut-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are a recent addition to the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. They are either inhibitors of the enzyme DPP-4, which inactivates GLP-1, or analogues of GLP-1 that are resistant to enzymatic degradation. Clinical trials show that long-term treatment with these classes of drugs have a favourable impact on the patient's lipid profile, reduce systolic blood pressure and reduce abdominal obesity, suggesting a significant cardiovascular benefit in addition to glycaemic control. Transient nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects with this class of drugs and may occur due to reduction in gastric motility. GLP-1 based drugs might be associated with a slight increase in the risk of acute pancreatitis, but there is no evidence that these drugs cause pancreatic cancer in humans. GLP-1 based therapy induces medullary thyroid cancer in rat models, but there is no evidence of it increasing the risk in humans. In animal models, GLP-1 and its analogues improve markers of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy by modulating inflammatory pathways. In a rat model of diabetes, GLP-1 analogues preserve pancreatic beta cell function and beta cell mass. On-going studies are investigating whether these benefits are replicated in humans. GLP-1 based drugs have a favourable effect on cardiovascular risk factors. They should be used with caution in patients at risk of pancreatitis. Animal studies suggest improvement in microvascular complications of diabetes.


( − )-Meptazinol is an analgesic with an additional acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. In order to investigate the formation mechanism of its biological conformation observed in AChE-bis( − )-meptazinol complex, two different and naturally stable conformers of ( − )-meptazinol hydrochloride in solution were determined and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular dynamic simulations. Moreover, ab initio calculations and NMR evidence showed the difficulties in conformer interconversion. In combination with the results of conformational comparison, it was proposed that the pharmacophoric conformer of ( − )-meptazinol might come from the conformer with less favourable energy rather than the conformer with the lowest energy.


The Shuttle primary onboard software and associated computer hardware comprise a data processing complex responsible for virtually all inters}stem data flow and vehicle external interfaces. Onboard functions related to guidance, navigation, flight control, systems monitoring, and management, as well as vehicle/crew/ ground interfaces, are handled by this primary system. The organization that prepared the software for the Shuttle orbital flight tests emphasized a disciplined design and development phase coupled with a thorough independent verification activity. Current focus is centered on tailoring the software organization, test philosophy, and maintenance and test facilities to the high flight frequencies and diverse missions expected during the Shuttle operational era. Shuttle Software Overview T HE successful completion of the first orbital flight of the Shuttle (STS-1) in April of 1981 marked the culmination of one of the most complex software development and integration activities ever undertaken. The evolution of the Shuttle's data processing system (DPS) has spanned more than eight years. Along with the orbital flight tests, the development program also included the approach and landing test (ALT) project during which a Shuttle vehicle was launched from a Boeing 747 aircraft and performed the terminal approach and landing portions of the Shuttle mission. Five such ALT flights were performed during August through October of 1977 providing an early test bed for both the DPS hardware and basic software architecture that would eventually be used for the orbital test missions. With respect to size and complexity, the software for the first orbital flight test of the Shuttle involved eight separately executable programs or memory configurations sharing a common operating system (see Fig. 1). These programs were stored on a mass memory tape device and were loaded into the onboard computers on crew request. One of the eight performed all functions necessary to the launch, ascent, and orbit insertion phases of the mission. Two others provided software to be used during on-orbit operations and included both navigation and control functions as well as system monitoring and management functions. Another memory configuration performed all functions necessary to the de-orbit, entry, and landing mission phases. The remaining four were designed to perform critical prelaunch and on-orbit vehicle checkout procedures. In all, these eight programs, including the software operating system, comprised approximately one-half million 32-bit words of data and executable instructions. All Shuttle applications software modules and a large part of the operating system included in these memory configurations were implemented in the HAL/S high-order language. The language and associated compiler, specifically developed for aerospace applications, are scientifically oriented and especially suited to real-time systems. The criticality of the software to the Shuttle is emphasized by its numerous interfaces with other vehicle subsystems. There are few functions integral to the Shuttle operation for


[1] The onset of reconnection in 2-D current sheet equilibria that include an X line separating tail-like regions with magnetized electrons is simulated with a full-particle code. The onset is driven by a finite convection electric field applied outside the current sheet. In the case of tearing stable tails with no accumulated magnetic flux, the convection electric field penetrates the sheet near the X line. In contrast, in multiscale equilibria where the X line is framed by local areas of enhanced flux, the electric field avoids the X line, directly penetrates the areas of increased flux, and ejects them downstream. The ejecta form dipolarization fronts (DFs), sharp magnetic pileups with a thickness on the order of the ion inertial length, much smaller than the mesoscales of the initial flux increase regions. The DFs move with the reconnection outflows in the direction opposite the magnetic field stretching, while behind them new X lines, distinct from the original, form. Simulations with a reduced driving field suggest that DF formation shares properties with the ion tearing instability, which is consistent with its potential destabilization in multiscale equilibria. Weak driving of equilibria with tearing stable tails first forms flux accumulation regions, which then rapidly transform into DFs, making 2-D equilibria inherently metastable. The results are compared with observations of DFs, the statistical visualization of Earth's magnetotail during substorm onset, and the bubble-blob pair formation model.


This master thesis is a study on identity construction of a group of 9-14 year old children with Finnish origin in Sweden. In 2000 Sweden granted a special status of a national minority to five ind ...


Aims: Economic openness has been identified as a tool that provides countries with an avenue to explore advances on technology, creation of exchanges through the reallocation of resources especially from less efficient to efficient producer, and economic growth. This study examined the short-run and long-run impact of economic determinants such as foreign direct investment, unemployment rate and percentage of the urban population on economic openness in Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: The study employed a secondary source of data collection obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Statistical Bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Annual Publication. The data comprises of variables such as economic openness which is proxy by trade openness, foreign direct investment, unemployment rate and percentage of the urban population from 2006 2019. Original Research Article Aronu et al.; AJEBA, 18(3): 42-53, 2020; Article no.AJEBA.61903 43 Methodology: The impacts of the economic determinants considered in this study were examined using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration technique and the error correction parameterization of the ARDL model. The R-3.6.3 programming package was used to perform the analysis. Results: The outcome of the study revealed that the appropriate ARDL model for estimating economic openness was the ARDL (1,1,1,1) selected based on the Schwarz Bayesian Criterion. Also, the error correction model identified the sizable speed of adjustment by 30.0% of disequilibrium correction yearly for reaching the long-run equilibrium steady-state position. It was found that the lag of the Unemployment Rate (UNER) and the percentage of the urban population have a significant short-term effect on economic openness. Also, the distribution of economic openness was found to be stable over the observed period. Also, it was found that the relationship amongst the variables was independent except for the relationship between the percentage of the Urban Population (PUP) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) which was found to be is unidirectional. Conclusion: The outcome of this study suggested the urgent need for policymakers to implement policies such as the "ease of doing business" of the federal government of Nigeria which is anticipated to make foreign direct investment more attractive and in turn is expected to boost economic growth and thereby impact positively on urbanization in Nigeria.


Opto-electric circuits comprising light emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells, electric circuits etc. have attracted increasing attention and have found broad applications in fields ranging from displays to biointegrated systems. A transfer technique to integrate optical and electrical devices together is required. Here we present a 4-inch wafer-scale aligned transfer method for integrating micro-LEDs with silicon circuits. This method demonstrates both high transfer yield and high alignment accuracy. Figure 1: (A) Image of a chip containing thousands of integrated optical wireless integrated circuit (OWIC) sensors. (B) Optical image of an OWIC sensor with components labeled. (C) Image of various OWIC sensors with different functions. Summary of Research: Inorganic microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) are broadly used in optoelectronic systems because of their high efficiency, color purity and reliability. Our group has recently developed a platform combining both inorganic micro-LEDs and electric circuits: optical wireless integrated circuits (OWICs) [1] (Figure 1). The OWIC sensors are approximately 100 μm across, which is microscopic in size, and can be used for a wide range of applications such as biosensing. To integrate the micro-LEDs and silicon-based devices into the same circuit, a challenge must be met: high quality inorganic micro-LEDs are commonly grown on non-silicon substrates such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), while the electric circuits are fabricated on silicon substrates. Therefore, effective transfer methods are required. We develop an approach for transferring GaAs micro-LEDs from their native substrates to silicon substrate at wafer scale. The micro-LEDs are fabricated on a commercially purchased 4-inch GaAs LED epitaxial wafer. The epitaxial structure is composed by p-GaAs layer, multiple quantum wells (active region) and n-GaAs layer. We first etch the GaAs epitaxial structure down to the n-GaAs layer to expose GaAs by citric acid wet etching. We then deposit the Ti/Pt metallic contact on the p-GaAs layer using the odd-hour evaporator. Following that, Au/Ge/ Ni metallic contacts are deposited on the n-GaAs layer using the AJA sputter deposition system. We then etch the GaAs epitaxial structure down to the bulk substrate to outline the micro-LEDs using citric acid wet etching. In the end, the GaAs wafer is annealed in RTA-AG610 for better n-contact. OTICS & OPTOECTRONICS 93 2019-2020 Research Accomplishments Figure 2 shows micro-LEDs of various sizes. We then spin-coat PMMA onto the micro-LEDs as the protection layer and bond the 4-inch GaAs wafer with a transparent carrier wafer using a low melting-point thermal plastic polymer. Then we place the stack into citric acid to etch away the bulk GaAs substrate. After that, we have micro-LED arrays attached to the transparent carrier wafer. We then build up an aligning and bonding system based on the ABM contact aligner and a homemade heat stage. Using the aligning and bonding system, we first align the micro-LEDs with the features on the target substrate and then bring the microLEDs into contact with the target silicon substrate. In the end we melt the thermal plastic polymer on a heat stage allowing the removal of the carrier substrate. The polymer residue is etched away in acetone. The result is aligned micro-LEDs transferred onto a 4-inch silicon wafer (Figure 3). Figure 3: Transferred GaAs micro-LEDs on a 4-inch silicon wafer. Figure 2: Fabricated GaAs micro-LEDs on a 4-inch GaAs wafer. The transfer yield of this method is promising. We transferred micro-LEDs in varied sizes to a bare silicon substrate (no adhesion layer) with high yield. The dashed boxes in Figure 3 indicate the few missing micro-LEDs, which are a small fraction of the total. The alignment accuracy is quantified by thousands of alignment marks distributed across the wafer. They show our method has reasonably precise alignment (~1μm). This wafer-scale transfer method will make possible new classes of integrated wireless sensors and optoelectronic devices fabricated across a full 4-inch wafer.


Optical properties of stretched Mylar films [poly(ethylene terephthalate)] were evaluated. Similar birefringence dispersion to liquid crystals over a wide spectral range makes Mylar an attractive phase retardation plate for display applications. Two display modes employing an antiparallel (or π) and a parallel‐aligned cell with a Mylar phase compensator were demonstrated. The film‐compensated π cell shows an 80:1 black‐to‐white contrast ratio, 60 Hz frame rate and ±45° viewing angle, and is attractive for direct view display. The film‐compensated parallel cell shows an 85:1 black‐to‐white contrast ratio, 180 Hz frame rate, and ±10° viewing angle, and is suitable for projection display.


Introduction: The SARS-CoV2 virus has a respiratory tropism. Although pulmonary complications are most often in the foreground, other complications affecting other organs have been observed and associated with a greater bad prognosis. The aim of this work was to report the various complications observed in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. Method(s): We carried out a retrospective study from the records of patients treated for pneumonia COVID-19 hospitalized between March 2020 and July 2021. Result(s): We collected 578 patients aged between 18 and 98 years old. Thoracic complications were dominated by bronchial superinfection(4.3%), pericarditis(3.3%), pneumomediastinum(1.2%) and pneumothorax(0.8%). Among the thromboembolic complications, we counted 30 pulmonary embolisms(5.2%), 7 acute limb ischemia (1.2%), 2 strokes(0.3%) and 1 venous thrombosis deep(0.1%). Cardiac arrhythmias were observed in 6% of cases. Bradycardia sinusitis was observed in 14 patients (2.4%) and first degree atrioventricular block in 4 patients (0.7%). Acute heart failure occurred in 31 patients (5.3%). Neurological disorders were observed in 23 patients with agitation (4%) and hallucinations (1%). Acute renal failure was the most common metabolic complication (20%) followed by rhabdomyolysis (28%) and cytolysis hepatic (36%). Two patients presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (0.3%). Complications cardiac, neurological and renal were associated with a worse prognosis (p=0.001) and the pulmonary complications with longer hospitalization (p=0.01). Conclusion(s): SARS-CoV2 infection is a polymorphic disease. Identification of the different complications respiratory and extra respiratory is essential for rapid multidisciplinary care.


Bacillus stearothermophilus mutations which confer resistance to or dependence on a variety of ribosome-targeted antibiotics have been isolated. Many of these mutations produce ribosomal proteins with altered mobilities in a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system. This collection of altered thermophilic ribosomal proteins will be useful in examining ribosomal structure and function.


Objective:To explore the significance of interaction between bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) 538T/C gene mutation and NOG 615G/C gene mutation in the occurrence of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate(nsCL/P).Methods:A total of 200 patients with nsCL/P and 200 normal persons(control group) were selected from two general hospitals.The patients in the two groups were matched in terms of age,gender,familial factor,social factor,and economic factor.PCR-RFLP was used to detect the polymorphisms of BMP4 538T/C and NOG 615G/C;additive model was applied to analyze the interaction of BMP4 538T/C mutation and NOG 615G/C mutation.Results:After adjusting ages and educational levels of parents when they got pregnancy by unconditional logistic regression model,there was positive interaction between BMP4 538T/C mutation and NOG 615G/C mutation in the patients with nsCL/P.The attributable interaction effect was 2.05,the percent of attributable interaction effect was 46.28%,the percent of attributable interaction effect between pure factors was 59.77%,and the interaction index was 2.49.Conclusion:The interaction between BMP4 538T/C mutation and NOG 615G/C mutation has important significance for researching the population with nsCL/P.


The reviewers are of great importance in the course of an academic learned journal's press.They must have high academic standing,lofty profession ethics and contribution spirit.It is the key of keeping the academic level of a journal to choose the reviewers correctly.


The source of hydrogen for the start-up of continuous catalyst reforming unit,mechanism and process flow of hydrogen-producing technology using naphtha or refined naphtha,investment of hydrogen-producing technology etc.were discussed.Combined with the start-up of two sets newly built hydrogen production device of 600×103 t/a continuous catalyst reforming unit,the two kinds of start-up hydrogen-producing scheme were compared and analyzed.Conclusions are drawn as follows:If the start-up hydrogen is difficult to get,a set of hydrogen-producing device for unit startup using naphtha or refined naphtha may be increased.Hydrogen-producing device using refined naphtha is suitable for the refinery with enough refined naphtha.Otherwise,hydrogen-producing device using naphtha should be preferentially considered.The catalyst cost accounts for a high proportion of about 67.48% of the total investment for hydrogen-producing technology.


Reformation in public services is currently needed in order to realize a community service system at the Wlingi sub-district office in Blitar Regency for the community, efforts should be made to improve services that are fast, precise and accurate both directly and indirectly in order to create good service and provide satisfaction to the community. The effectiveness of the Family Card and the Letter moved is very much needed in determining the assessment of community satisfaction with the services carried out by the Wlingi District Office. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method, namely (1) Research Design (2) Researched Objects (3) Data Sources (4) Collection Techniques Data (5) Data Analysis Techniques and Data Validity. The results of the effectiveness of the researchers obtained from six objects in which the researchers carefully obtained results as much as 96% of the people understood and learned about the servants' productions carried out by Wlingi Subdistrict, 96% of the people stated that the Family and Letter Card completion times moved very quickly in minutes , 93% of the people stated that the cost of service in Wlingi District was gone (free), 60% of the people stated that the Family Card and Moving Mail service products were very durable and inefficient to carry around, 53% of the community was comfortable with facilities and infrastructure in the Wlingi District service, and 76% of the community were satisfied with the competency of the service provider who was fast, precise, capable, and friendly. From the results of the effectiveness of the services that the researchers describe, there is a problems that can hamper the effectiveness of services in the Wlingi District Office.


Intensity behavior of a single-mode diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser with frequency scanning is studied experimentally and theoretically. The specific features in the behavior of the frequency of relaxation oscillations and the oscillation area in response to variations in the magnitude and direction of the scanning rate and working parameters of the laser are determined.


Combining with work experiences,the author discusses the common diseases of the island permafrost subgrade,studies and analyzes the causes of common subgrade disease,and provides the subgrade diseases control and prevention measures in the island permafrost area,so as to decrease or avoid the occurrence of these phenomenon,improve the operation performance of the highway in the island permafrost area.


The Australia Telescope Compact Array has been used in a fast surveying mode to study
the 22-GHz transition of water in two small sample regions of the southern Galactic plane.
The observations allow an unbiased search for water masers, including any that may have
no association with masers from other molecules (or indeed, no association with any other
detectable celestial object). Positions with arcsecond accuracy were obtained from the original
survey data for detected sources, and these were re-observed at an epoch more than two years
later. Variability of the spectra between the epochs was considerable: our total of 32 masers
comprises 24 detected at both epochs, two detected at only the first epoch and six detected
at only the follow-up epoch. The success of our surveying mode shows it to be a practical
strategy for the difficult task of extending unbiased water maser surveys to a large portion of
the Galactic plane. Our results show quantitatively the effect of variability on the completeness
of surveys conducted at a single epoch.
Most of our maser detections are newdiscoveries. Only four had previously been detected (in
searches towards interesting targets in the survey area). The high density of water masers from
our unbiased survey supports earlier suggestions that they are the most populous maser species,
and one of the most sensitive and reliable tracers of massive young stellar objects – newly
forming massive young stars. The spectra of nine masers show high-velocity emission, and
they show a striking preponderance of blueshifted high-velocity features. This is compatible
with such blueshifts being a characteristic of populations dominated by masers at the earliest
evolutionary stage of star formation, in some cases prior to the onset of methanol masers.
Amongst the high-velocity emission sources there are two new examples where blueshifted
high-velocity outflows dominate the total emission; these substantially increase the previously
known meagre population of five such objects and suggest that they may be surprisingly
abundant.


In electric vehicles (EVs), high-voltage batteries supply power to power distribution units (PDUs) that drive motors, generators, blowers, and air conditioners through high-power cables. In the future, as the number of electronic devices in a vehicle increases, communication lines must be added for controlling the electronic devices. In this study, we proposed the application of inductive power line communication (PLC) to simplify EV wiring. An inductive coupler consisting of nano-crystalline cores was fabricated and applied to high voltage power lines of EVs to measure the performance of in-vehicle inductive PLC. As a result of the experiments, the high-voltage cable guarantees the data rate of 35Mbps. The real-time video transmission between the engine room and the trunk was successfully carried out. We expect that the inductive PLC in EVs will contribute to the simplification of communication lines and reduction of vehicle weight.


The separation of acoustic plane wave signals from near field noise sources is addressed using both pressure and velocity measurements at the same location in the fluid. A compact broadband noise source at a known location is first assumed to generate the noise field. Using a time domain approach a simple signal processor is presented to separate the unknown signal from the noise. Effects of sensor and quantization noise are included in the analysis. A frequency domain analysis of the noise separation approach is presented along with numerical results to illustrate the sensitivity of the method to field point location, noise spectrum, and sensor and quantization noise. The separation of plane wave signals from spatially distributed near field noise sources is then addressed. A signal processor using both pressure and velocity measurements at a single point is developed to separate a plane wave signal from a spectrally pure evanescent noise field generated at a planar interface close to the sensors. Numeri...


Lipases are versatile biocatalysts in research laboratories and various industries. Immobilized lipases have attracted tremendous attention due to their facile separation from the reaction system, improved stability towards harsh reaction conditions and recycled use. The differentmethods and carriers for lipase immobilization in progress are the topic of this review.


Abstract We establish the relationships between concentrations of inorganic suspended sediments (ISS) on light, nutrients, phytoplankton, and bacteria in three oligotrophic lakes (four sites) and we use these relationships to predict the impacts of increasing concentrations of ISS on the biomass and productivity of phytoplankton and bacteria in the lakes. Increased concentrations of ISS contributed little available nutrient to the lakes. The relationships between ISS and underwater light attenuation differed among lakes because of variation in sediment size‐structure, and composition. Only at the site with the highest ISS concentrations and a relatively deep mixing depth, were phytoplankton apparently light‐limited and, thus, predicted to decline with increased ISS concentrations. In contrast to previously published studies, bacterial abundance and production were not highly correlated to suspended sediment concentrations in these lakes. However, bacterial biomass, productivity, and specific productivity were more strongly correlated to phytoplankton production. As a result of light limitation and stimulation of bacterial production, increases in ISS concentrations are not predicted to significantly shift the metabolic balance in the planktonic ecosystem of three of the sites towards greater heterotrophy. Where light limits phytoplankton production, increases in ISS are predicted to reduce the productivity of both phytoplankton and bacteria by direct inhibition of phytoplankton production, again without a large shift towards greater importance of the microbial loop. By reducing phytoplankton production and inhibiting larger cladoceran grazers, we predict that high concentrations of ISS will reduce available energy and its flow up the food chain.


A phase II study on metastatic breast cancer patients treated with weekly vinorelbine with or without trastuzumab according to HER2 expression: changing the natural history of HER2-positive disease P. Papaldo, A. Fabi, G. Ferretti*, M. Mottolese, A. M. Cianciulli, B. Di Cocco, M. S. Pino, P. Carlini, S. Di Cosimo, I. Sacchi, I. Sperduti, C. Nardoni & F. Cognetti Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena Cancer Institute; Department of Pathology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute; Department of Clinical Pathology, Cytogenetic Unit; Cardiology Unit, Regina Elena Cancer Institute; Biostatistics Unit, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy


Water vapor plays an important role in the atmosphere. It is involved in many atmospheric processes and is a major contributor to the atmospheric energy budget and as such is a key quantity in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In recent years, NWP models gain in importance in hazard mitigation. But to provide precise quantitative forecasts, especially with respect to precipitation, we need accurate knowledge of the water vapor distribution in the atmosphere. Ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography is a technique which can provide highly resolved and accurate water vapor profiles in space and time. The main objective of this thesis is to develop new tomographic algorithms which fulfill the requirements to assimilate refractivity measurements derived from GNSS into NWP models. A new tomography software called AWATOS 2 has been implemented. It is an assimilation system for point and integrated refractivity measurements. The tomographic model in AWATOS 2 is formulated as a Kalman filter and different voxel parameterizations are provided. The new trilinear and spline-based parameterizations allow a more accurate representation of the refractivity field without considerably increasing the number of unknowns. Advantages of these new parameterizations are a) more accurate results, b) point observations need not to be interpolated to the voxel centers and c) the tomographic solutions are at least C-continuous in space. The stochastic prediction model implemented in AWATOS 2 relies on in-situ measurements and NWP model data. The prediction model is evaluated and adjusted with respect to data from the high-resolution NWP model COSMO-2 and from balloon soundings in Europe. In addition, AWATOS 2 provides a sophisticated simulation framework to carry out synthetic tests based on simple refractivity fields and on NWP model data. The algorithms of AWATOS 2 are assessed with synthetic tests and with real data in a longterm study using one year of data. The synthetic tests have confirmed the theoretical properties of the model such as a bias-free solution in case of bias-free input data, fast convergence rates, and the capability to resolve vertical structures in the wet refractivity field. In the long-term study, a root-mean-square (RMS) error of 3.0 ppm (0.4 g m−3 absolute humidity) is achieved with respect to the NWP model COSMO-7. The investigations have shown that the newly introduced voxel parameterizations lead to significantly more accurate results than the classical constant parameterization. The improvements are about 15% with respect to balloon soundings and 5% with respect to NWP analysis data. The performance of the trilinear and spline-based parameterizations are similar. Further investigations have revealed the importance of a bias correction model. A newly developed bias correction model has decreased the RMS error with respect to the NWP model analysis from 4.9 ppm (0.7 g m−3) to 3.0 ppm (0.4 g m−3) using the spline parameterization. For the other parameterizations, the improvements are significantly smaller. The systematic differences corrected here are mainly caused by a) systematic differences between GPS tropospheric path delays and the NWP model data and b) by discretization errors. Another error source is related to the departure of the NWP model's topography from the true one which can amount to several hundred meters in alpine areas. Investigations have shown that processes near the Earth's surface have a strong impact on the wet refractivity. Therefore, differences between the true topography and that of the NWP model can cause substantial errors. This topic has to be addressed if GNSS observations are assimilated into NWP models in complex terrain. Considerable progress has been made in the field of low-cost GNSS receivers in recent years i allowing to build dense networks at low costs. Furthermore, the existing GNSSs are improved and new ones are being launched. These developments offer new possibilities in GNSS tomography. With error analyses, the potential of such improvements for GNSS tomography have been investigated. The use of GPS together with Galileo has the potential to improve the formal accuracy of the GNSS tomography by 10-15% compared to a GPS-only solution. In Switzerland, equipping the SwissMetNet with GNSS receivers would increase the number of GNSS stations from 31 to 91. This would improve the formal accuracy of the tomographic solution by about 20-25%. The investigations have shown that the improvements obtained by a more dense network and additional GNSSs are cumulative. Placing the stations on different altitudes and choosing locations with good satellite visibility are important to achieve accurate results and should be considered in the design of GNSS networks. All investigations have demonstrated that accurate 4D distributions of the wet refractivity in the troposphere can be estimated with GNSS tomography. The work has also revealed the possibilities and limitations of GNSS tomography in view of the assimilation into NWP models and proposes solution strategies to overcome the limitations.


The paper investigates a model of evolutionary dynamics for a population with non-overlapping generations. The population birth rate is limited by density-dependent factors and is determined genetically. We assume that the breeding season of the population occurs at a certain time of the year.


In development of the started activity on lattice analogues of W-algebras, we define the notion of lattice W ∞-algebra, accociated with lattice integrable system with infinite set of fields. Various kinds of reduction to lattice W N-algebras, related to discrete N-KdV hierarchies are described. We also discuss the connection of our results with those obtained in the papers of Xiong [13] and Bonora [14]. 0. Introduction Recently there has been a great interest in the lattice analogues of 2D field theory models possessing conformal invariance [1-4]. For the first time this interest arised in connection with Liouville model [1-3]. As is well known, its quantization in continuous limit is rather difficult in the range of central charges 1 < c < 25, where usual perturbation theory is inapplicable. 'Latticization' of the world sheet can be viewed as some alternative to usual point-splitting method of regularization. That's why lattice conformal theories give another way of quantization, more convenient in some cases in comparison with that of based on normal ordering procedure. An additional motivation for studying the lattice analogue of conformal invariance comes from the traditional understanding of Integrable Massive models as appropriate deformations of Conformal ones [5-7]. It seems highly desirable that this important concept be formulated on purely lattice language. In the previous paper [8] authors presented a natural lattice analogue of W 3-algebra. This algebra has been obtained as W 3-generalization of the Faddeev-Takhtadjian-Volkov (FTV) algebra [1], which is considered presently as lattice analogue of Virasoro algebra. In the paper [8] we proposed some general method to obtain classical and quantum versions of lattice W-algebras (LW), based on Feigin construction of lattice screening charges [9]. This method in principle guarantees the possibility to obtain any LW-algebra with finite number of fields with integer spins. Besides, considering such an algebra as second Poisson structure one can easily find the correspondingfirst structure and a family of involutive integrals of motion. Further on true lattice analogues of W N algebras (second structure) will be referred to as LW N and the corresponding first structure to as L * W N. The main drawback of the abovementioned construction is that it does not look to admit straightforward generalization for the case of the infinite number of fields. The aim of present paper is to declare an alternative method of building L * W N-algebras, based on certain ♥ 1 reductions of some …


Looking back at the "rationality and relativism" debates that have surrounded anthropology in recent decades, one cannot but notice that the distinctively philosophical contributions have tended to lag behind developments in the discipline itself. There too, it seems, the Owl of Minerva takes flight only at dusk. Thus in the 1960s, as the classical realist paradigm was giving way to structuralist approches inspired by linguistics and interpretive approaches drawing on hermeneutics, the philosophical debate centered on questions of epistemic and instrumental rationality-questions concerning the truth and objectivity of beliefs and the efficacy and efficiency of practices. Comparisons of myth with science and of magic with technology, for example, supplied the principal arguments that Popperians brought against Peter Winch's early efforts to steer the discussion toward questions of meaning and intelligibility.' The emphasis on logical, epistemological, and methodological questions continued into the 1970s but was increasingly combined with a concern for problems of translating and interpreting across different languages, systems of belief, and styles of reasoning.2 In the 1980s problems of interpretation, particularly in the form given them by Quine and Davidson, finally came to dominate the philosphical side of the rationality and relativism debates as well.3 But this was happening just as developments in anthropology were


In this article, synchronous rectification was studied as a solution to increase the energy yield of battery connected Locally Manufactured Small Wind Turbines (LMSWTs). An analytical expression to determine the necessary battery voltage for synchronous rectification on the LMSWT Permanent Magnets Synchronous Generator (PMSG) was derived. It was found that the battery voltage for synchronous rectification should be two times higher than that of the passive strategy for an identical generator. The performance of the LMSWT under synchronous rectification with Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Optimal Torque (OT) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) was measured experimentally on a real scale wind turbine emulator under steady wind conditions. It was found that for the passive Diode Rectifier (DR) configuration, the Annual Energy Production (AEP) estimation was (16-38%) lower than for the synchronous rectification strategy.


Three coupling agents were investigated to treat the titanium dioxide surface in different solutions,and the dynamic capillary law was used to ascertain the transformation of its surface.And TG and other means were adapted to contrast the surface of TiO_2,the results showed that its surface was coated with coupling agents.The dispersibility and covering capability of TiO_2 masterbatch in plastic were both highly improved.


Among the methods of automatical celestial navigation which works on the spacecraft based on the star sensor,the star chart recognition is one of the key technologies.The improved Hausdorff distance algorithm used for identification can avoid the problem of mismatch while information of individual star was affected by noise and a few meteors exist.This method has taken into account for information of star dimensional configuration in matching.Therefore,the approach has strong robustness for the disturbance of noise,distortion,and rotation of lens of the star sensor.Moreover,it does not need any complex algorithm for feature extraction.The simulation results show that it is of high value of practice.


The five authors in this section offer a range of perspectives on the notion of knowledge and experience. The question of what is the nature of knowledge, and who can be said to know is addressed with some radically different aims and outcomes. This section reveals connections and cross-overs with the section on 'performing bodies', developing an articulation of the knowledge that one 'holds' at a specific moment, and the extent to which its existence depends upon it being passed on and shared with others. The means of sharing this knowledge becomes crucial to the way we understand knowledge itself. John Somers uses his disciplinary stance as the basis for a call for advocacy. He champions drama education in conditions he describes as 'Drama under threat'. Writing from his perspective as RiDE's founding editor, he offers some historical context for the journal's genesis, before shifting his observations to the present. He argues that academic periodicals such as this are important weapons in the fight to preserve and strengthen Drama education, not only helping to disseminate ideas and practice within the field but also standing as proof of the value of this work. In a country (the UK) where Drama is being eroded as a subject on the school curriculum, Somers emphasises the importance of finding ways to build communities of Drama teachers, researchers and practitioners, to help to counter the sense of isolation and helplessness that can easily be experienced by lone individual teachers fighting for the preservation of their subject. A journal such as RiDE, he suggests, can be one focus for such community feeling. Peter O'Connor offers a mostly optimistic account of the changes he has seen in applied drama over the last 20 years, although his observations also raise some questions and concerns about the trajectories of developments in the field. Focusing on his own development from practitioner to academic, he describes a number of interconnected shifts in the philosophies and methodologies of applied theatre work as well as in the contexts within which it is produced. Wider changes in politics, educational trends, and in the ways in which we think about concepts such as 'development', 'change', and who applied theatre is 'for' have all been significant. So, he argues, have the increasing influence of universities and the establishment of applied drama as an academic field. Whilst celebrating the rich diversity of work that has developed over the past two decades as a result of complex engagements with theory and analytical perspectives, O'Connor's observations also prompt us to consider the implications of a trajectory that could, he suggests, eventually lead us too far away from embodied engagement and towards a 'post-practice' discipline.


We present a predictive computational approach that may reduce the need for extensive inputs from Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) experiments. Three-dimensional NanoTCAD simulations are used for physics-based prediction of space radiation effects in a p+n GaAs solar cell with AlGaAs window, and validated with experimental data. The computed dark and illuminated I-V curves, as well as corresponding performance parameters, matched experimental data very well for 2 MeV proton irradiation at various fluence levels. We analyze the role of majority vs. minority and deep vs. shallow carrier traps in the solar cell performance degradation. The defects level parameters used in the simulations were taken from DLTS data obtained at NRL. It was determined from numerical simulations that the degradation of the photovoltaic parameters could be modeled and showed similar trends when a only a single deep level defect was considered compared to a spectrum of defect levels. This led to the development of an alternate method to simulate the degradation of a solar cell by using only a single deep level defect whose density is calculated by the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) code. Using SRIM, we calculated the number of vacancies produced by 2 MeV proton irradiation for fluence levels ranging from 6x1010 cm-2 to 5x1012 cm-2. Based on the SRIM results, we applied trap models in NanoTCAD and performed I-V simulations from which the degradation of the photovoltaic parameters (Isc, Voc, FF, Pmax) was calculated. The simulations using SRIM-derived defect concentrations showed reasonable agreement with simulations using parameters determined from DLTS.


Based on the analytical results of basic geochemical features on the source rocks from Oligocene Liushagang Formation from Well Xuwen-1 in MaIchen Sag of Beibuwan Basin,it was found that the abundance and the type of organic matter in the 2nd member of the source rocks in Liushagang Formaton were better than that in the 3rd member,it was implied that the hydrocarbon potential in the 2nd Member was higher than that in the 3rd Member.There was a similarity in the distribution of triterpane series of source rocks in the 2nd Member and the 3 Member,such as with dominant hopane series,moderate oleanane and almost absent gammacerane.It was indicated that those source rocks are deposited in fresh-water environment with abundant terrestrial materials input.In C27-29starane series,the relative content of C27 sterane from algae input in the source rocks of 2nd member is more that in the 3rd Member,and vice versa in C29 sterane from terrestrial matter input.For the crude oil from Well Xuwen-1,high Pr/Ph ratio and almost absent gammacerane are characterized,it shows that it is derived from the source rocks deposited under fresh-water and weakly reduced environment.By comparison,the distributions of triterpanes and steranes in the crude oils are between the source rocks of 2nd and 3rd Members,it is a typically mixed oil.Based on the quantitative analytical results of diasterane C27/C29 ratio,it is found that in this mixed oil,the contribution of the 2nd member and 3rd member 3 is about 77% and 23%,respectively.


(worldliteraturetoday.com) and share your impressions. In an article for the Guardian newspaper in 2005, British poet Glyn Maxwell said of verse drama that it is a reliable way to "shed a thousand readers at a stroke." "It's the one phrase," he went on, "I beg producers of my plays to omit from the publicity material." At the same time, the Poetry Foundation is so concerned about the decline in popularity of the genre that it has created an annual prize of $10,000 to encourage the writing of verse drama (John Surowiecki won in 2008 for My Nose and Me: A TragedyLite or TragiDelight in 33 Scenes). Yet verse drama has, until fairly recently, always been as accepted a genre for the Western stage as that of any other culture. T. S. Eliot enjoyed success with Murder in the Cathedral The Family Reunion, and The Cocktail Party but acknowledged, as early as 1920, that the rhetorical aspects of poetry (including blank verse and rhyme) were seen by many to be inappropriate for contemporary drama because they made the action "less real" ("Rhetoric and Poetic Drama," in Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism.) Fifty years earlier, Ibsen had come to the same conclusion. He wrote


This research attempted to shed light on the effects of entrepreneurship dimensions on small businesses. The research aimed to study the impact of key dimensions of entrepreneurship on opportunities of venture survival and growth. The independent variables selected for this study are related to the five dimensions of entrepreneurship—characteristics of entrepreneur, entrepreneurship support policy, general environment, entrepreneurship activities, and information and electronic entrepreneurship—and their effect on survival and growth opportunities of small projects (the dependent variables). The research results and analysis revealed no significant impact on growth opportunities for small businesses. There is significant support for policy enhancing the general environment and chances for business survival and growth. There was no impact from information and electronic entrepreneurship on survival and growth chances. Finally, the authors present several recommendations including inviting Jordanian companies and governmental institutions and organizations to adopt  entrepreneurship concepts and practices, bringing more attention to entrepreneurship concepts as well as providing  technical and financial assistance to new entrepreneurs, issuing an annual  report on the entrepreneurial activities and projects, and  encouraging studies and research on the entrepreneurship in Jordan. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, leadership, entrepreneurial dimension properties, and chances of survival.


Through the theoretical comparative analysis of the work characteristics to the flexible base and semi-rigid base asphalt pavement,the results show that there is little variation amplitude of the maximum shear stress compared the flexible base asphalt pavement to the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement.The rutting of the asphalt pavement will mainly appear in the depth of 10 cm.The risk of the rutting problem will not be increased by the appropriate thickness of the asphalt macadam base.The structural rutting problem will appear more difficultly to the flexible base asphalt pavement.


factors, to the success of health management at the PHC level. Delayed of deliverables report has reached 100 % at Umbulsari CHC to sent the monthly reports 1 of the period from february to August on September 16 th, 2013 ,the report is supposed to have been delivered monthly at The latest date of 10 every month. The study was a descriptive desain, the informans was chosen by purposive sampling technique. Based on the study result of it, the input of the system were lack of knowledge, and Unskilled computer operator, The process implementation not in accordance with guidelines, and output of the system so were low and unaccurate of health information, more over there were low of utilisation of information were made.


Learning Objectives: Patient undergoing stage 1 surgical palliation have significant complications. Higher arteriovenous Carbon dioxide (AVCO2) difference and ratio of AVCO2 difference to Arteriovenous Oxygen Content difference (AVCO2/C(a-v) O2) ratio is shown to predict complications among critically ill patients. This study was conducted as there is paucity of data about their utility in this patient population. Our study proposed the hypothesis that among patients undergoing stage 1 surgical palliation, widening of AVCO2 difference and increased AVCO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio during the first 24 hours of post-operative period are associated with increased complications. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study among patients who underwent stage 1 surgical palliation and admitted post-operatively in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston during 1/1/2010–06/30/2017. Patient list was obtained from surgical team. Patients were classified into those with and without complications including cardiac arrest, culture positive sepsis, need for extra corporeal membrane oxygenation, renal replacement therapy, and mortality. Arterial (ABG) and Venous (VBG) blood gas information at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-operative period was used to calculate AVCO2 difference and AVCO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio. Student t-test and chisquare test was used to compare difference with complications. Line plot was used to analyze trend. Results: 38/78 (48.7%) patients who had at least one set of ABG and VBG were included for analysis. There were 7 (18%) mortalities and 10 (26%) morbidities, so total of 17 (44%) patients had complications. Among 17 patients with complications, mean of maximum AVCO2 difference was 7.35 mm Hg and mean of maximum AVCO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio was 1.95. Among 21 patients without complications, mean of maximum AVCO2 difference was 7.14 mm Hg and mean of maximum AVCO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio was 2.92. There was no association of AVCO2 difference (7.35 mm Hg vs. 7.14 mm Hg, p= 0.45) and AVCO2/C(a-v)O2 (1.95 vs. 2.92, p=0.27) with complications. Line plot shows higher trend of AVCO2 difference and AVCO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio at different time intervals with complications. Conclusions: There was no association of maximum post-operative AVCO2 difference and AVCO2/C(a-v)O2 with complications. However, there is trend toward higher post-operative AVCO2 difference and AVCO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio with complications at different post-operative time intervals. Larger study is recommended to further evaluate their utility. CCMCritical Care MedicineCrit Care Med0090-3493Lippincott Williams & WilkinsHagerstown, MDCCM


This paper proposes the improved analysis, design and control for the interleaved dual-phase ZVS GaN-based totem-pole PFC rectifier with coupled inductor. Traditionally, the analysis and control of the coupled-inductor-based dual-phase totem-pole PFC are not only complicated, but also significantly different from those of the non-coupled-inductor-based dual-phase totem-pole PFC. In this paper, a Δ-type circuit model for the coupled inductor is proposed to be utilized. Based on the Δ-type coupled inductor model, the coupled-inductor-based PFC can be simplified as a non-coupled-inductor-based PFC with an auxiliary inductor between the two phases. Thus, this paper proposes to simplify all the analysis, design and control of the coupled-inductor-based dual-phase totem-pole PFC to those of the non-coupled-inductor-based dualphase totem-pole PFC with an auxiliary inductor. Based on this novel concept, the simplified analysis, the closed-form analytical model and the full-range ZVS control strategy are proposed and discussed. Finally, the proposed concepts are verified by the experimental results.


The article is based on the results of sociological reseaches the population of Taganrog in 2007. The most important component of Russian transformation processes after radical changes in economic institutions is the transition a differentiation of income of population. The analysis demonstrated that source of poverty is low earnings, prolonged unemployment, many children, anti-social phenomenons, laziness and illness.


Unmonitored use of heparinized parenteral solutions with the altered heparin metabolism, indwelling catheters and paradoxical hypercoagulable status of newborns is of particular concern. Neoates (n = 164) with birthweight (BW) from 500 to 3500 gms were studied. Only central intravascular solutions were heparinized (100 units/100 ml). Coagulability (Co) was determined as the slope (units/sec) of thrombin generation curve (Sonoclot ); The daily dose of H and plasma H level (0.1 unit/ml ≅ a PTT of 60 secs) and Co were measured. Serial mean daily values of Co for each group (SD ± 18%) are:The ranges of mean H level (units/ml) and dose (units/kg) for each group are; I: 0.03 - 0.11; dose: 4.4 - 6.6. II: 0.027 - 0.053; dose: 4.3 - 6.7. III. 0 - 0.05; dose: 1.4 - 5.5. IV: 0 - 0.05; 1 - 5.0. V: 0.02 - 0.06; dose: 2 - 5.0. VI: 0.02 - 0.06; dose: 1 - 5.0.These data confirm a continuing hypercoaguable status. Normal values of Co (20 - 25) were only achieved in Gr I and relate to the higher H dosage and higher H level (0.1). To provide a less coagulable status Co levels are used to adjust both dosage/kg and the H level.


The natural resources characteristics and current economic factors encourage investments in alternative sources of electric power generation in Brazil. Different technologies can compose a portfolio of generating plants with energetic synergism as a function of the seasonal diversity of their potential production. In such portfolios, it is sought to obtain financial gains by virtue of complementarity generation among candidates sources, under investor's pre-established risk control criteria. From this perspective, our study aims to present an optimization model - supported by genetic algorithms - to define the optimal financial resources allocation for composing renewable sources portfolio (wind, small hydro and biomass cogeneration), given a specified budget and risk-aversion criteria measured by means of the Conditional Value-at-Risk. Case studies involving the cited sources illustrate the application of the model and its potential for supporting analysis and decision making.


Shetland UNESCO Global Geopark encompasses a wide variety of well-exposed and accessible geological features. The combination of ocean floor remnants on top of ancient continental crust, a cross-section through a volcano, and evidence of earth movements is preserved nowhere else in the world and, individually, are some of the best examples known. Devonian rocks deposited on the resulting landscape contain fossil faunas – vertebrate, invertebrate and plant - representing an early terrestrial ecosystem, elements of which have been correlated to similar Devonian deposits across northeast Scotland. Today, the Shetland UNESCO Global Geopark is managed by the Shetland Amenity Trust with the involvement of many organisations on and beyond the islands to conserve and promote exposures of the various geological features, now and into the future.


Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) is one of the most serious congenital heart defects in newborns. Approximately 30% of cases of CoA associated with aortic arch hypoplasia (AAH). The end-to-side aortic anastomosis (ESAA) is an effective surgical procedure to be performed for correction of CoA with AAH. In this study, the approach of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the hemodynamics in patient-specific models of CoA with aortic arch hypoplasia before and after the procedure of ESAA. The results showed that the pressure drop and energy loss (EL) were significantly decreased after the surgical correction was done. Uniformed velocity profile and blood flow distribution were surgically created for patient's recovery of cardiac function. The approach of CFD can be used to disclose and evaluate the hemodynamics of CoA and its correction procedure.


Data assimilation is an efficient technique in the estimation of ocean state, by introducing the benefit of in situ measurements. Considering the insufficiency of the observations, the performance of assimilation with few temperature and salinity (T-S) profiles is not satisfied. To modify the situation, an extending algorithm based on the Argo temperature profile is developed and applied to present more reconstructed information. Meanwhile, when the reconstructed information is assimilated into the ocean model, the accuracy of the outcomes would obtain a notable enhancement. To validate it, an experiment including four cases is conducted based on Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and 4-dimensional variational method (4DVAR). The comparison with the EN4 dataset shows that the cases assimilated the Argo and the reconstructed temperature profiles are both promoted; the addition of reconstructed temperature profiles does enhance the accuracy; the impact of SST introduced in the extending algorithm process is negligible; the net enhancement of reconstructed temperature profiles is comparable with Argo T-S observations. Finally, the positive impact of the developed algorithm on data assimilation is validated.


The effects of rheum on serum parameters in a taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) rat model were investigated using pathological and biochemical tests, and a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabonomic strategy. Healthy rats and rats with AP were either treated with rheum (7.5% at a dose of 1.5 g/kg) or left untreated. Serum samples were collected from the AP and rheum-treated groups at 6, 12, and 24 h after treatment. The effect of rheum on pathological changes in the pancreatic was investigated to validate the AP model. We obtained 1H NMR spectra and analyzed the results using the partial least squares discriminant method. The results of the pathological and metabolic analyses revealed an amelioration of multiple metabolic abnormalities and an increase in the aerobic respiration ratio after treatment, compared with the AP groups. These results were attributed to improvements in energy supply and the elimination of metabolic products. The study also promoted NMR-based metabonomic analysis as a feasible method of assessing traditional Chinese drugs.


Background: Broilers are a reservoir of Campylobacter (C.), an important causal agent of gastroenteritis mostly associated to handling and consumption of broiler meat. The majority of broiler fl ocks are colonized by thermophilic Campylobacter at the slaughter age, and carcasses might be contaminated throughout the processing line. Since surveillance is crucial to evaluate and improve approaches to reduce Campylobacter spread during broiler processing, a cross-sectional study was carried out to detect the level of Campylobacter contamination in a broiler at slaughter. Materials, Methods & Results: Cloacal swabs, caeca and whole carcasses were taken from a broiler fl ock slaughtered in Southern Brazil. Samples were individually inoculated in Bolton Broth (BB) and incubated at 41.5°C in a microaerobic atmosphere for 44 h, when the enriched culture was inoculated onto modifi ed Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar (mCCDA) and Campy-Cefex Agar (CCA) plates. All plates were incubated at 41.5°C in the microaerobic atmosphere for 44 h. Aliquots of each enriched BB were collected and submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while the genetic relatedness of isolates was analyzed by pulsed-fi eld gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 3 (9.4%) cloacal swabs were positive for C. jejuni. No Campylobacter was isolated from any of the caecal contents or broiler carcasses analyzed. In addition, negative mCCDA and CCA plates showed an abundant growth of contaminant cells. The PCR assay detected all thermophilic Campylobacter reference strains tested and also the Arcobacter species. No amplifi ed product was obtained from the non-related bacterial species analyzed. It was possible to identify 29 (90.6%) cloacal swabs, 32 (97.0%) caecal contents and 31 (100%) broiler carcasses Campylobacter-positive by PCR analysis. PFGE typing of the C. jejuni isolated resulted in two clearly distinguished genotypes which were grouped into different clusters. Discussion: The detection of C. jejuni in only few cloacal swabs sampled contrasts with higher frequencies of Campylobacter previously described in broilers. However, the enrichment culture of fecal samples might be compromised by the many competing non-target bacteria present, which may have prevented the detection of Campylobacter-positive samples. In addition, the BB and selective media containing cefoperazone might have allowed the growth of cefoperazone-resistant contaminant cells from fecal and carcasses samples, which masked Campylobacter cells onto mCCDA and CCA. To improve the detection of Campylobacter in broiler samples, alternative antimicrobial supplements or reduction of the time of enrichment has already been suggested. PCR showed a higher number of positive samples, which might refl ect the increased ability of the PCR assay to detect either injured cells in conventional enrichment culture or Campylobacter that were masked by the proliferation of competing cells onto selective media used. The PCR assay was able to detect all the reference strains of thermophilic Campylobacter, but also the related Arcobacter species. However, the temperature of incubation of the enriched cultures associated to the selective pressure of the antimicrobials present in the BB restricts the growth of Arcobacter and the false-positive results observed using PCR. The subtypes of the C. jejuni strains isolated showed that the target broiler fl ock was simultaneously colonized by more than one C. jejuni strain which might be the result of introduction of Campylobacter from different sources at farm. PCR analysis showed high Campylobacter contamination level of the target fl ock at slaughter, pointing to the need for additional studies to investigate Campylobacter sources at broiler processing.


This paper introduces a bi-modal typing interface, HGaze Typing, which combines the simplicity of head gestures with the speed of gaze inputs to provide efficient and comfortable dwell-free text entry. HGaze Typing uses gaze path information to compute candidate words and allows explicit activation of common text entry commands, such as selection, deletion, and revision, by using head gestures (nodding, shaking, and tilting). By adding a head-based input channel, HGaze Typing reduces the size of the screen regions for cancel/deletion buttons and the word candidate list, which are required by most eye-typing interfaces. A user study finds HGaze Typing outperforms a dwell-time-based keyboard in efficacy and user satisfaction. The results demonstrate that the proposed method of integrating gaze and head-movement inputs can serve as an effective interface for text entry and is robust to unintended selections.


In some ways Chinese Criminal Procedure Law in effect is in conflict with Right to Silence Law abroad,which results from China's actual conditions.However,China should make use of the valuable experience of Right to Silence Law to further consolidate legislation and to perfect the system of criminal procedure.


Infrastructures of transport generate accessibility gains determining the urban form development. The increase of automobile speed in urban context and, consequently, the reduction of trip time contribute to an increase of the number of accessible destinations and so to an extension of travelled distance. So, to evaluate an urban infrastructure of transport, it is necessary to analyse the accessibility gains instead of time gains in order to take into account the relative invariability of the travel time-budget. The North peripheral of Lyon metropolitan area, both throughout its spatial inscription in the heart of housing market of Lyon metropolitan area and temporal, gives an ideal setting to investigate the spatio-temporal dimension of housing capitalization of impacts generated by the improvement of transport network.


Medical interview is a most important interaction between doctors and patients and in the process of medical diagnosis as well. Conversation analysis aims to study the linguistic feature of conversations failed to be noted in daily communications,and attempts to discover the means that people understand and hold life. Conversation analysis can be applied,form a sociological point of view,to a systematic and in-depth study on doctor-patient interviews,including the realization of doctors' role,the workings of doctor-patient knowledge and the trait of rights.


Complexes of the formulae [(g-C5H5)Ru(PPh3)(C5H5N-2-CH@N–C6H4–p-X)] [X1⁄4H (2a), CH3 (2b), OCH3 (2c), Cl (2d), NO2 (2e)] and [(g-C5H5)Ru(PPh3)(C5H5N-2-CH@N–C6H11)] (3) were prepared by reacting para-substituted N-(pyrid-2-ylmethylene)-phenylamines (2-PP) and N-(pyrid-2-ylmethylene)cyclohexylamine (2-PC) with [(g-C5H5)Ru(PPh3)2Cl] (1) in methanol. These complexes have been isolated as hexa-fluorophosphate salts. Representative complex 2c has been established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 2c crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn, with a 1⁄4 21:1560 (11) A, b 1⁄4 18:3972 (9) A and c 1⁄4 17:5130 (9) A, V 1⁄4 6816:3 (6) A and z 1⁄4 8. All these complexes were characterized by FT-IR, H NMR and P{H} NMR spectroscopy. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


A discussion of recent compositional work informed by an investigation into Australian Aboriginal aesthetics and ritual culture particularly focussing on the dialectical relationship between 'hiddenness' and 'revelation' (or visibilty/invisibility) as a central paradigm for structuring meaning.


Margalit Bejarano, the leading scholar of Cuba's interwar Jewish community, has produced a fruitful collection of short testimonies from more than five dozen men and women who lived in Cuba before 1959. A few contribute more than once; other statements are the result of two persons being interviewed at the same time. The bulk of the oral history research was carried out in South Florida, the result of the trick of history that drove the overwhelming majority of Cuban Jews from that island to the land that had barred their parents -although Dr. Bejarano also knows Cuba well, especially the period before World War II.


Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) has been implemented to fast-track patients amidst their surgery to improve patient outcomes and cost. It has been widely utilized in most surgical specialities but it is in its infancy in thoracic surgery. These patients may present with multiple co-morbidities and often require respiratory support post-operatively. This book explores the role of the ERAS practitioner and looks at the patient perspective of implementing an Enhanced Recovery Programme in a tertiary referral center for thoracic surgery.


Models for the index of refraction of water are reviewed and reduced to wavelength-dependent formulas. A simple three-term nonlinear model derived from Quan and Fry [Appl. Opt. 34, 3477-3480 (1995)], originally developed for the visible region, fits the available data well over an extended range covering the UV to the near-IR (200-1100 nm).


Objective: To explore an adequate treatment method and provide a better irradiation mode for upper, and mid, esophageal carcinoma radiotherapy by comparing the dose distributions of six different semi-field radiotherapy options.Methods: Twenty patients with upper, and mid, esophageal carcinoma were selected for six treatment options, three [Options D-F] were semi-field irradiation: Option A-conventional 5-field three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT); option B-conventional 5-field intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT); option C-conventional 3-field IMRT; option D-5-field IMRT (upper target) and 3-field conformal radiation therapy (lower target); option E-5-field IMRT (upper target) and 3- field IMRT (lower target); and, option F-5-field IMRT (upper target) and 5-field IMRT (lower target). Dose distribution in the target areas and dose distribution in normal tissue were compared for the six options.Results: Target coverage by the semi-field techniques was effective in a comparison of the six options. Lung low-dose area and mean lung dose (MLD) were lower in Options D and E. Option E conformal index in was higher than Option D.Conclusion: Options D and E appear to be two relatively advantageous options as they allow effective delivery of the prescribed dose to the target volumes while minimizing the lung tissue exposure to low doses.


Abstract Valuation toolkits are supposed to make the valuation of green infrastructure benefits a more simple and accessible task, but there are many barriers which stand in the way of them achieving this. This paper discusses some common economic oversights, associated with double counting, distinct types of value and additionality, which valuation toolkits must avoid to ensure their output is dependable. From this discussion, guidance emerges to help users of valuation toolkits interpret valuation estimates in a meaningful way, and it is concluded that with a good awareness of environmental economic principles, the majority of common issues can be avoided. This conclusion, however, raises the question as to just how accessible a process as complex as green infrastructure valuation can be made to be and places emphasis on the role of toolkit developers who must endeavour to remove as much ambiguity as possible from their methodologies.


(a) To understand patients' lived experience at intensive care unit (ICU) discharge and (b) to evaluate the impact of a nursing empowerment intervention (NEI) on patients' anxiety and depression levels at ICU discharge.


A method for twisting a stranded cable in orderto reduce losses due to circulating currents is investigated. Atheoretical model connecting the voltages over individual strandsto the magnetic flux t ...


The enhanced SGT-800 gas turbine was introduced in 2010 at a power rating of 50.5MW with 38.3% electrical efficiency in simple cycle (ISO). Combined-cycle performance of 55.1% is bestin-class. The updated components in the gas turbine are interchangeable from the 47.5MW rating. Performance is mainly enhanced by improved compress o airfoil profile resulting in about 1% higher mass flow and improved aerodynamics, improve d turbine stage #1 aerodynamics and cooling air layout and improved turbine stage #3 wi th increased outlet area (reduced exit losses) and improved aerodynamics. The turbine inlet temper ature is not increased compared to the 47.5MW rating; however, vane #1 outlet temperature is increased due to both improved stage #1 cooling design and fewer, thicker vanes, and the co mbustor-turbine interface is accordingly updated. The annular combustion chamber serial cool ing system is improved to reduce pressure drop and optimize cooling layout and the combustor cold parts have been modified to optimize cycle life. Minor burner tuning is used in combinat on with combustor passive damping which results in low emissions for >50% load and which is in ensitive to ambient conditions. The combustion system has shown excellent combustion st ability properties, during rapid load changes and large flame temperature range at high loads, wh ich may be used to obtain single-digit Dry Low Emission (DLE) NOx. The combustion system performan ce has also been proven for a broad range of gas fuel compositions including high amoun t of hydrogen and DLE liquid operation. The first SGT-800 with 50.5MW rating was successful ly tested during Spring 2010 and the expected performance figures were confirmed. The fl eet leader has, up to March 2013, accumulated >17,000 equivalent operation hours (EOH ) and a planned hot-section borescope follow-up inspection after 10,000 EOH showed that t e core parts were in good condition. NOMENCLATURE APS Air Plasma Spray PFR Pilot Fuel Ratio CFD Computation Fluid Dynamics PVD Physical Vapo r Deposition DLE Dry Low Emissions RANS Reynolds Averaged Na vier-Stokes EB Electronic Beam TBC Thermal Barrier Coating EOH Equivalent Operating Hours TE Trailing Edge LES Large Eddy Simulation TET Turbine Entrance Temperature NG Natural Gas UHC Unburnt HydroCarbon INTRODUCTION The SGT-800 is the largest industrial gas turbine m anufactured by Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB and it was launched in 1997 as a 43MW machine named GTX100 [1]. The SGT-800 was shortly after rated to 45MW and in 2007 the engine was enhanced to 47.5MW with 37.7% simple cycle efficiency [2, 3], 53.8% combine d cycle operation efficiency and including cogeneration (district heating) the efficiency furt her increased up to 94% [3]. Siemens has since then continued the stepwise evolutionary developmen t based on experience and proven design solutions in order to always assure high reliabilit y. In 2010, the SGT-800 was upgraded once more with higher power output, higher efficiency and imp roved combustion performance. The performance resulted in 50.5MW with a 38.3% simple cycle electrical efficiency (ISO) and best in class combined-cycle performance of 55.1%. The desi gn modifications, validation and operation experience associated with the upgrade are describe d in this paper. Up to March 2013 about 180 SGT-800 units have been sold. The SGT-800 fleet has accumulated more than 2.2 million Equivalent Operat ion Hours (EOH) and the fleet leader has passed 90,000 EOH. During 2011 the machine has achi eved an excellent average fleet availability and reliability of 96.9% and 99.8%, respectively. T otally about 20 units of the new rating are in operation, under commissioning or in delivery phase . Both the 47.5MW and the 50.5MW ratings are offered to the market. The SGT-800 is a single shaft engine that consists of inlet housing, 15-stage axial compressor, an annular serial cooled combustor, a 3-stage axial turbine and an outlet diffuser. In order to meet the engine operation requirements the first 3 stage of the compressor are made of variable guide vanes. The combustor is equipped with 30 Dry Low Em issions (DLE) dual-fuel burners with a capability of NOx ≤ 15ppmv (≤ 25-42ppmv on diesel oil) and CO ≤ 5ppmv in the load range of 50-100%. The first two turbine stages are air-coole d and for the stage 1 blades single crystal material is used. In addition to its high efficienc y in simple cycle, the machine is especially suitable for combined cycle operation and cogenerat ion due to its high temperature after the exhaust diffuser. DESIGN MODIFICATIONS The up-rate project started with improvement goals in performance and component durability. To keep the high reliability of the hot components, th e urbine inlet temperature of the up-rated design was decided to be the same as compared to the 47.5M W version. The turbine inlet pressure and mass flow were slightly increased in order to obtai n higher power output and efficiency. The design changes of the engine are shown in Figur e 1, where it can be seen that the major changes were carried out in the turbine section. Ta ble 1 shows how the main flow parameters are changed for the upgraded design as compared to the 47.5MW version, where the reduction in cooling mass flow is the largest factor. Figure 1: General SGT-800 layout and main design mo difications. Table 1: 50.5MW versus 47.5MW design. Parameter Change Turbine inlet total temperature 0% Turbine inlet total pressure 4.4% Compressor inlet mass flow 1.4% Coolant mass flow -17.2% Compressor To meet the design targets of increased pressure ra tio and mass flow new enhanced blade profiles for all 15 stages was introduced to improve the com pressor aerodynamic performance. By optimizing the front stage geometry using 3D CFD ca lcul tions the mass flow increase could be achieved within the existing flow channel. Together with the fact that all new blades are attached to the original blade root, the rotor and stator de sign is unchanged, which offers the ability to retrofit existing customer engines. In addition to increased mass flow, the new blade design also offers increased compressor efficiency and operatin g range both in terms of pressure ratio and temperature. Particularly, improved compressor stab ility means that the compressor can operate with fully open inlet guide vanes at higher ambient temperatures which maintains a high mass flow and consequently increased gas turbine hot ambient power output. The compressor is also available as a hot match ver sion where the variable guide vanes are allowed to be fully open until 50°C. In this versio n the compressor stage matching has been optimized for hot ambient climate by modifying the stationary blade rows, which increases the gas turbine power output considerably at high ambient t mperatures. Combustor The SGT-800 combustor is shown schematically in Fig ure 2, where the main flow paths, the flame shape and the main combustion recirculation zones a r highlighted. Also the naming convention used through out this paper is shown. The annular c ombustor is serial convection-cooled and almost all combustor air is used for the combustion , resulting in nearly equal flame zone 5 Stator: Ring instead of segments Burners and combustor: Burner tuning, Combustor adjustments Blade 1: Reduction in total number; TBC on wet path; New ribs; New matrix cooling Blade 3: Longer Blade; New airfoils Vane 3: Integrated heat shield Improved profile Vane 2: TBC also on airfoil New cooling insert Compressor: Improved blade profiles Vane 1: Reduction in total number; TBC also on airfoil; New cooling design temperature and Turbine Entrance Temperature (TET). This is an advantage for DLE combustion systems, where both excellent CO performance at tur ndown and low NOx despite relatively high TET are obtained. The annular concept also results in a relatively smooth tangential temperature distribution and reduced cooling surface area to co mbustor volume ratio compared to a can system. The combustor system was enhanced by passive acoust ic damping during 2007 and an improved impingement cooling system of the front panel heat shield [4]. Figure 2: Cross section of SGT-800 annular combusto r: 47.5MW design including main flow paths and recirculation zones (left) and up-rated d esign including naming convention (right). Burner modifications The SGT-800 uses 30 3 rd generation DLE burners. A burner is shown in Figur e 3a, where the sections for fuel transfer, swirl generator and mix ing tube are indicated. The burner uses totally five fuel lines for dual fuel capability: main gas, pilot gas, central gas, main liquid and pilot liqu id, where the respective injection locations are shown in the figure. Figure 3a: SGT-800 burner showing the sections for (A) fuel transfer, (B) swirl generator and (C) mixing tube. The fuel injection locations are s hown for (1) pilot gas, (2) central gas, (3) main gas, (4) pilot liquid and (5) main liquid. 3b: SGT-800 fuel line system showing the central, m ain and pilot gas valve locations. Front panel Front panel heat shield Outer cooling struts


The star total colorings of some Mycielski's graphs of the balanced general join of graphs are studied and their star total chromatic numbers are obtained.


ABSTRACT We report on a novel consolidation technique based on the combination of a liquid (cold sintering) and electricity (flash sintering). The evolution of hydrogen from electrolysis of the solvent triggered the Flash Cold Sintering (FCS) event without need for external heating. Electrochemical effects became pronounced in the presence of acetic acid solution as the electrolyte had an increased conductivity compared to pure water. By adjusting the acetic acid molar concentration to 0.5 M and by inverting the polarity during FCS a 5 mm diameter 0.8 mm thick Nb2O5 sample was evenly sintered up to 99% in 100 s at a temperature as low as 350°C. Conventional sintered counterparts achieved a 95% relative density when dwelled for 240 min at 1400°C. The inherent complexity of the proposed FCS approach resulted in enhanced densification and weakly translucent samples.


Dear Sir: R.K. House economic surveys of veterinary practices have now been completed in Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and the Atlantic provinces. The results have been widely discussed, including in the Canadian Veterinary Journal. I have enthusiastically supported the originators of the survey in Manitoba and have found the results interesting. But I do have some concerns. In his report of the Atlantic provinces' economic survey (Can Vet J 1994; 35: 350-351), Dr. Noonan summarizes the results and states: "Veterinarians with the highest fees felt that their clients were relatively insensitive to their fees." I suggest that this is a completely valid conclusion, as those clients who are price-sensitive would have already sought veterinary services elsewhere. I suggest that many veterinarians who do not charge the highest fees and who do listen to their clients frequently hear client concerns about fees, are aware of the significant number of clients who price-shop around, and have to deal with many clients who have limited finances. There are many clients who are price-sensitive; they move, or stay away, from practices with the higher prices. Unfortunately, there are insufficient numbers of price-insensitive clients to keep all of the practising veterinarians busy. Dr. Noonan also states: 'There was NO relationship between fees and the busyness of a practice." That both high and moderately priced clinics are busy is also a self-fulfilling statement. Veterinary practices pay the salaries of only those veterinarians and staff that are supported by the client numbers and the gross revenue generated. The question of busyness is irrelevant. The issue is what parameters constitute a successful practice? Is it gross revenue per veterinarian, or how well the support staff is paid, or net profitability, or a significant increase in gross revenue per year? In all the discussions that I have attended and in all the reports that I have read in connection with these economic surveys, there is always the strong recommendation to veterinarians to increase prices. Nowhere have I heard or read anything suggesting that the quality of the veterinary services must be correspondingly raised. I think that the actual quality of our veterinary services and the clients' perception of the quality of care received from our practices must be raised if prices are to be increased.


This study compares student learning outcomes for 1,500 students enrolled in psychology courses that utilize academicand cultural-based service-learning and experiential learning (i.e., internships) as primary pedagogical methods. A repeated measures analyses of variance with post hoc Tukey HSD analyses were conducted to measure differences in student learning outcomes from the beginning to the end of the semester for academic-based service-learners (ABSL), cultural-based service-learners (CBSL), and experiential learners (EL). There were significant Group x Time interaction effects. Experiential learners and academic-based service-learners increased their guilt and shame regarding their own Whiteness from the beginning to the end of semester compared to cultural-based service-learners. Cultural-based service-learners also increased their intercultural relationships, civic responsibility, interpersonal engagement, and understanding of diversity content by the end of the semester. ABSL, CBSL, and EL contribute to different student learning outcomes. The alignment between HIPs and student learning outcomes is discussed. © 2020 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk


A total of 4,519 cod, Cadzbs morhua L., from the coastal and offshore regions of New England wcrc examined during June to Dcccmbcr 1957 for the parasitic copepod, Lernneocera branchink L. Infestation dccreascd from north to south and inshore to offshore. The effect of infestation on the length-weight relationship of cod was examined and found non-significant. An examination of infestation selectivity by fish size also showed no significant differences. From the differential infestation rates, it is shown that four general groups of cod can bc distinguished: those of the northern Gulf of Maine heavily infcstcd, the moderately infested central and southern Gulf cod, the lightly infested Gcorgcs Bank population, and the southern New England group which is fret of infestation. This supports previous unpublished tag return data, and indicates the usefulness of Lernneocera for distinguishing various groups of