Seasonal dynamics of soil microfungal populations, their metabolic activity and decomposition of leaf litter were studied in a monoculture plantation of Casuarina equisetifolia L. in coastal sandy belt of Orissa for a period of 2 years (June 2002–May 2004). Fungal succession of litter was also studied. Microbial isolation and soil analysis was performed using standard procedures and decomposition of leaf litter was studied using litter bag technique. Maximum population density was observed in the rainy season followed by winter and lastly summer. Larger microbial populations were encountered in plantation soil compared to barren sand, corresponding with the fluctuation of prevailing temperature, moisture and total organic carbon content. Rates of litter loss and carbon dioxide output followed the same trends as the population density. The annual K value was 0.41. The diversity index varied from 2.87 to 3.71 (Shannon) and 0.356 to 0.885 (Simpson). The similarity index showed that highly decomposed litter (HDL) is more similar to Soil A (barren sand dune) than Soil B (sand dune with monoculture plantation of Casuarina). The introduction of predominantly decomposing microorganisms isolated from samples from the present study could help to increase the nutrient status of these soils. This research will hopefully improve the monitoring and management of decomposing fungi in the study area and highlights their importance in maintaining ecosystem services which could be a valuable tool for better understanding the long-term effects of changes in soil condition of the forest floors in coastal sand dunes of Orissa, India.


1 Applications of DSP to Personal Communication Networks.- BER Comparison of DS-CDMA and MC-CDMA for Frequency Selective Fading Channels.- Performance Enhancement of Indoor Channels Using Quasi-Coherent Combining of Multiple Antenna Signals.- Applications of Walsh Functions and the FHT in CDMA Technology.- Decision Feedback Multi-User Detection for Multitone CDMA Systems.- Blind Adaptive Interference-Cancelling Detectors for DS/SS CDMA: Algorithms and Performance.- The Bootstrap Decorrelating Algorithm: A Promising Tool for Adaptive Separation of Multi-User CDMA Signals.- 2 Joint Source/Channel Coding for Multimedia Applications.- Rate-Distortion Performance of Several Joint Source and Channel Coding Schemes for Images.- Bounds on the Performance of Vector Quantizers operating under Channel Errors over all Index Assignments.- Adaptive Temporal & Spatial Error Concealment Measures in MPEG-2 Video Decoder with Enhanced Error Detection.- Source and Channel Coding Issues for ATM Networks.- Combined Source and Channel Coding for Wireless ATM LANs.- 3 DSP in Channel Estimation/Equalization and Modem Design.- Block-by-Block Channel and Sequence Estimation for ISI/Fading Channels.- Timing Correction by Means of Digital Interpolation.- Digital Demodulator Architectures for BandPass Sampling Receivers.- Quadrature Phase Error and Amplitude Imbalance Effects on Digital Demodulator Performance.- Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Estimation for OFDM.- A New Analysis Method for the Performance of BandPass Sampling Digital Demodulators Considering IF Filter Effects.- Comparison of Demodulation Techniques for MSK.- Variable Symbol-rate Modem Design for Cable and Satellite TV Broadcasting.- A New Class of Carrier Frequency and Phase Estimators Suited for MPSK Modulation.- 4 Signal Processing in Satellite Networks.- Payload Digital Processor Hardware Demonstration for Future Mobile and Personal Communication Systems.- Frequency Domain Switching: Algorithms, Performances, Implementation Aspects.- Design Study for a CDMA Based LEO Satellite Network: Downlink System Level Parameters.- A Multi-user Approach to Combating Co-channel Interference in Narrow band Mobile Communications.- Digital Radio for the World: High-Grade Service Quality Through On-Board Processing Techniques.- 5 Advanced Signal Processing Techniques.- Digital Equalization using Modular Neural Networks: an Overview.- Vector Quantization Using Artificial Neural Network Models.- Neural Networks for Communications and Signal Processing: Overview and New Results.- Transform-Domain Signal Processing in Digital Communications.- Fuzzy-Rule-Based Phase Estimator Suited for Digital Implementation.- 6 Recent Applications of DSP Techniques.- Analog Envelope Constrained Filters for Channel Equalization.- Design of All-Digital Wireless Spread-Spectrum Modems Using High-Level Synthesis.- Efiicient VHDL Code Generation for Digital Receiver Design.- Blind Joint Equalization of Multiple Synchronous Mobile Users for Spatial Division Multiple Access.- Base-Station Antenna Arrays in Mobile Communications.


Plant communities in the water-lever-fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir were studied.The study area was divided into five regions according to the changes of water level.The species diversities and gradient variation of plant communities in the vcater-lever-fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir were measured by a-diversity index and B-diversity index.The results showed that there were the 298 species of vascular plants belonging to 82 families and 175 genera in all plots.Dominant species had obvious difference among different regions in the study area.The Shannon-Wiener,Simpson and richness indices of the communities generally increased with the altitude increasing,while Pielou diversity showed different variation pattern from the richness index,and β_Tand C_Ndiversity index presented opposite trend.


FICA Research Fellow, E‐mail: srajanakaikini@ gmail.com It is well‐known in western art history that the Dutch mastered the style of vanitas portraiture ‐ vanitas essentially standing for the symbolic still‐life paintings that were meant to signify brevity of life, a certainty of death and decay associated with anything beautiful. Seventeenth century anatomist Dr. Frederick Ruysch, also known as the "artist of death", was known for his paintings and etchings that blurred the lines between clinical scientific documentation and artistic portrayal of the body. His drawings [Figures 1 and 2] depict in detail the absurd theatricality and drama that the element of disease and death bring to human life; be it through dancing cadavers with fetal puppets or crying skeletons and infant skulls or preserved organs that come alive inside embalming jars.


Through analysis of deformation regularity of open excavated deep foundation pit in Olympic game center station in Beijing subway,the author discusses the risk of dismantling support from calculation purpose,calculation principle,and the calculation of pile cross section,in order to establish effective preventive measures,ensure structural overall force,and eliminate errors in on-site construction.


In this paper, we present error estimates of artificial boundary method for exterior biharmonic problem. The finite element approximation is formulated on a bounded domain by using a local exact artificial boundary condition which is expressed explicitly by a series form. In practical computation, the error estimates depend on the mesh size, the number of terms after truncating the infinite series, and the location of the artificial boundary. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the error estimates.


It is presently possible to attain a doctoral degree from most engineering schools in this country without any advanced training in engineering design. Many of these doctorate holders will become new faculty members, training the new generation of engineers. If these new faculty members do not possess some advanced knowledge of practical engineering design, it is difficult to envision the next generation of engineers being well trained in the process of engineering design. Two possible solutions to this dilemma are proposed. One would require completion of a number of comprehensive design projects, while the other would consist of the accumulation of a number of credit hours of design-related study at the graduate level. Either of these solutions would provide the new faculty member with the required knowledge base on which to continue to build a reasonable level of expertise in engineering design. He or she can use this knowledge and expertise to instruct students in the practical aspects of design.


The transformation of lymphocytes in response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was determined in 30 women taking oral contraceptives (O.C.V.) and in 10 women of an age-matched control group. The group taking oral contraceptives demonstrated significant depression of their response to PHA as compared to the control group.


In comparison with the autograph of Dvořak's Silhouetty, op. 8, the first edition of the work shows significant changes in numbering and in the concept of the cycle. Dvořak's original conception, consisting of ten numbers linked by an inner program, is outlined. He later chose a more conventional solution.


The head of Java-island ('Java Head') is still an undeveloped piece of the center of Amsterdam due to the economic crisis. In the meantime this site has evolved in one of the city's best event-sites. The future function for this site was supposed to be a residential area but with the discovery of the possibility of an event-site on this location the goal changed. The new design for the head of Java-island has to hold a residential and event-site. But at first glance unifying a residential area and an event-space seems to be impossible. The goal of this graduation project is to implement new housing concepts into the designof (a) residential building(s) amidst the IJ-river in Amsterdam. This building has to be part in a new masterplan which contains besides this residential building a large scale eventspace and a re-location of an already planned hotel on the head of Java-island.


We evaluate the performance of exceptionally electronic-type sorted, semiconducting, aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) in field effect transistors (FETs). High on-conductance and high on/off conductance modulation are simultaneously achieved at channel lengths which are both shorter and longer than individual s-SWCNTs. The s-SWCNTs are isolated from heterogeneous mixtures using a polyfluorene-derivative as a selective agent and aligned on substrates via dose-controlled, floating evaporative self-assembly at densities of ∼50 s-SWCNTs μm−1. At a channel length of 9 μm the s-SWCNTs percolate to span the FET channel, and the on/off ratio and charge transport mobility are 2.2 × 107 and 46 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. At a channel length of 400 nm, a large fraction of the s-SWCNTs directly span the channel, and the on-conductance per width is 61 μS μm−1 and the on/off ratio is 4 × 105. These results are considerably better than previous solution-processed FETs, which have suffered from poor on/off...


All modern technologies of peach cultivation are focused on the use of clonal, mainly dwarf, rootstocks. Technical efficiency and resistance to pathogens are also important. The work on the creation of such clonal rootstocks of peach is carried out at the Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station (EBS), a branch of VIR, on the basis of the stone fruit crop genetic diversity accumulated at the Station, primarily using the wild species which can serve as donors and sources of important breeding traits. The studied fruit crop genetic diversity was found to contain the most promising genotypes, for instance dwarf P. pumila L., P. tomentosa Thunb., P. ulmifolia Franch., P. pedunculata Maxim., P. tenella Batsch (= Amygdalus nana L.) and P. petunnikowii Rehd.; soil pathogen-resistant genotypes, e.g., P. davidiana Franch. and its hybrids Barrier (P. davidiana x P. persica Stokes)), Sputnik (P. kansuensis Rehd. x P. davidiana), Major (P. amygdalus Stokes x P. davidiana), etc.; chlorosis-resistant genotypes: Kuban 86 (P. cerasifera Ehrh.x P. persica), VSV 1 (P. incana (pall.) Roem. x P. tomentosa Thunb.); as well as the genotyopes that display easy rooting of the lignified cuttings, e.g., P. cerasifera Ehrh., P. pumila L., Kuban 86, etc. Of great interest are the recently developed dwarf, adaptive and productive rootstocks, such as Best (P. pumila x P. cerasifera) and Uprjamec (P. cerasifera x P. ulmifolia). The testing of new clonal rootstocks has shown their suitability for the use in peach plantations cultivation applying modern intensive technologies, and for the production of peach planting material using intensive technologies. The State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for the Use in the Russian Federation includes such clonal rootstocks of peach as Kuban 86, Evrika 99, VVA 1, VSV 1, Best and Zarevo. The clonal rootstock Uprjamec has been accepted for the state trials.


Abstract Background. We detected human bocavirus (HBoV) infection in 4.5% of hospitalized patients with pneumonia in rural Thailand. However, the role of HBoV as a pathogen is unclear. Methods. We compared HBoV infection in patients with pneumonia with that in asymptomatic control patients enrolled between 1 September 2004 and 31 August 2005 in the same hospitals in Thailand.We examined outpatients with influenza-like illness for HBoV infection and tested for 13 additional respiratory viruses. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of HBoV infection are described. Results. HBoV infection was detected in 20 (3.9%) of 512 outpatients and 3 (1%) of 280 control patients. Coinfection with other viruses was detected in 83% of patients with pneumonia and in 90% of outpatients. Compared with control patients, HBoV infection was significantly associated with pneumonia requiring hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio, 3.56 [95% confidence interval, 1.06–11.91]; P = .04). Eighty-three percent of HBoV infections were detected in patients with pneumonia who were <5 years old. More patients with pneumonia associated with HBoV—respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) coinfections had wheezing than patients with RSV and HPIV infections alone (9 [53%] of 17 vs. 32 [23%] of 138]; P = .01). Conclusions. HBoV infection was epidemiologically associated with pneumonia among young children in rural Thailand, but infection and illness may be dependent on coinfection with other viruses.


Nowadays there are several data mining algorithms applied to the resolution of many different problems, such as the classification of patterns. However, when these algorithms are used separately to classify they usually present an inferior performance compared to the performance obtained by combined models. The bagging and boosting techniques combine models of the same kind in a competitive form, in other words, the output is generally provided by the winning classifier. Alternatively, stacking usually combines different algorithms, constituting a hybrid model. Nevertheless, stacking has a high cost, due to the search for the best models that will be combined to solve a certain problem. Thus, we present a hybrid classifier (HC) to be applied to the recognition of gases derived from petrol at a lower cost and in a cooperative way.


The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains poorly understood and treatment remain suboptimal for many patients. Furthermore, many of the available treatment options for IBD exhibit severe immune suppressive side effects that impact lifestyle and predispose individuals to opportunistic infection. Thus, studies that identify novel and effective therapeutic options that preserve immune homeostasis are urgently required to address this shortfall in patient treatment options. There is some potential for the inflammatory milieu in bowel tissue to prolong the injury and slow beneficial processes linked to wound healing in the affected bowel. Therefore, primary or adjuvant therapies that restore the gut barrier and provide protection to colonic cells in underlying submucosal structures represent a useful approach to finding new treatments for IBD; this is where innovative stem cell therapies have significant potential to lead therapeutic development.


After a decade in which public concern for climate change seems to have peaked and fallen away in the face of economic priorities and political populism, Matthew Lockwood asks how the environmental movement can build broad coalitions of support to tackle these vital issues.


Abstract Three ternary copper(II) complexes, [Cu(phen)(L-phe)Cl]·2H2O, [Cu(phen)(L-leu)Cl]·4½H2O, and [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl]·3H2O, and four binary copper(II) complexes, [Cu(phen)Cl2], Cu(L-phe)2·½H2O, Cu(L-leu)2·½H2O, and Cu(L-tyr)2·H2O (where phen = 110-phenanthroline, L-phe = L-phenylalanine, L-tyr = L-tyrosine, L-leu = L-leucine and Cl- = chloride), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, UV–visible, fluorescence spectroscopy), magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, and lipophilicity measurement. X-ray diffraction determination of a single crystal of [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl] showed two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, each with the same distorted square pyramidal geometry about copper(II). p-Nitrosodimethylaniline assay revealed that the three ternary complexes were better inducers of reactive oxygen species over time than binary complexes, CuCl2, and free ligands. All the copper(II) complexes in this series inhibited the three proteolytic activities in the order Trypsin-like > Caspase-like > Chymotrypsin-like. In terms of anticancer properties, the copper(II)-phen complexes had GI50 values of less than 4 μM against MCF-7, HepG2, CNE1 and A549 cancer cell lines, more potent than cisplatin.


Managing personal finances can be a difficult and time-consuming matter. Gathering
 and processing financial information, categorizing transactions and adding
 up all the numbers are all considered very dull work tasks. Most people would
 however like to keep their finances in check, but haven't got the time needed by
 financial management tools available today.
 The purpose of this project is to build an online Personal Financial Management
 (PFM) solution that could save users the time and agony of obtaining the financial
 perspective themselves. The solution's primary time saving features should
 be importing, categorizing and visualisation of the user's financial transactions.
 To make the transactions categorization selection, various algorithms and technologies
 must be evaluated. The majority of this work will lie in the fields of
 data filtering, data mining and algorithms.
 The prototype of the system will be programmed in C# .NET with a MVC
 web frontend. The system architecture will be build through Domain Driven
 Design principles, and the technologies used in the system should make it highly
 testable, scalable and agile.
 The result should be a fast and functional solution with an acceptable low
 amount of categorization errors and transactions that could not be categorized.
 The project should provide proof of concept for the solution as a time saving
 PFM solution


1 StudentBachelor of Commerce (Banking & Insurance), Patkar Varde College, Mumbai, India ABSTRACT Digital Communication has proliferated in a big way in the previous years. Digital Communication plays a vital role in today's electronic world. Digital Communication can be done over large distances through internet and other things. Communication technology that intimidated many of us just a few years ago is now a part of everyday life. In addition to changing our daily lives, the transformation in digital communication also raises important economic, public policy and societal questions. Digital communication is one of the most commonly used modes of communication nowadays. The objective of this paper is to understand the key modules of digital communication systems with emphasis on digital modulation techniques. The research will conduct a descriptive approach in doing so the use of journal articles, relevant newspapers and blogs will be used for gathering evidence. Access to the internet today by individuals, businesses and institutions alike has created a global market for internet service and has spurned an increase in productivity in the technological communication field.


In the Urological surgery, the most commonly performed procedure in Transurethral Resection of Prostate. Most of these patients are elderly above the age of 60 years with various systemic problems. The common problem includes cardiovascular disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and various old age problems. These patients present as a challenge to anaesthesiologists because they are high risk patients for endoscopic surgeries. Various worker since many years tried different type of anesthesia procedure. The regional techniques have been proved to be safe and less risky. It includes spinal, lumbar epidural, combined spinal epidural and caudal epidural. The caudal epidural block have been used by many workers for TURP in elderly patients since so many years. The Present study includes 50 patients of ASA grade I, II, III including cardiovascular problem, COPD, and other spinal deformities, scheduled for TURP. After pre anesthetic checkup and through investigation, caudal epidural block were given by standard technique. Observation and results were recorded by observing the onset and duration of analgesia, level of block, any side effects. The changes in pulse rate, blood pressure, SPO2, ECG were closely monitored throughout the procedure. The observation showed that 60% of patients having co-existing diseases and most of them having chronic Hypertension (30%), onset of analgesia was 10-15 mins in 30 patients. Motor blockade by modified bromage scale was observed and found that 45 patients (90%) has MBS-O. There were no significant changes observed in PR, BP, R/R, ECG and SPO2 throughout the procedure in all patients. Response to total procedure was found excellent in 40 patients (80%). There were no significant complication observed in maximum number of patients. Only 5 patients had complained of nausea and vomiting, which was successfully treated by antiemetics.


To achieve the objective of accounting teaching,the author believes that some teaching conception should be changed.So in this paper,some new conceptions conductive to university accounting teaching are put forward after an analysis of the existing problems.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Irreversible airflow limitation, both progressive and associated with an inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases, is a hallmark of the disease. Cigarette smoking is the most important environmental risk factor for COPD, nevertheless, only approximately 20–30% of smokers develop symptomatic disease. Epidemiological studies, case-control studies in relatives of patients with COPD, and twin studies suggest that COPD is a genetically complex disease with environmental factors and many involved genes interacting together. Two major strategies have been employed to identify the genes and the polymorphisms that likely contribute to the development of complex diseases: association studies and linkage analyses. Biologically plausible pathogenetic mechanisms are prerequisites to focus the search for genes of known function in association studies. Protease-antiprotease imbalance, generation of oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation are recognized as the principal mechanisms leading to irreversible airflow obstruction and parenchymal destruction in the lung. Therefore, genes which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD are involved in antiproteolysis, antioxidant barrier and metabolism of xenobiotic substances, inflammatory response to cigarette smoke, airway hyperresponsiveness, and pulmonary vascular remodelling. Significant associations with COPD-related phenotypes have been reported for polymorphisms in genes coding for matrix metalloproteinases, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, glutathione-S-transferases, heme oxygenase, tumor necrosis factor, interleukines 1, 8, and 13, vitamin D-binding protein and β-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), whereas adequately powered replication studies failed to confirm most of the previously observed associations. Genome-wide linkage analyses provide us with a novel tool to identify the general locations of COPD susceptibility genes, and should be followed by association analyses of positional candidate genes from COPD pathophysiology, positional candidate genes selected from gene expression studies, or dense single nucleotide polymorphism panels across regions of linkage. Haplotype analyses of genes with multiple polymorphic sites in linkage disequilibrium, such as the ADRB2 gene, provide another promising field that has yet to be explored in patients with COPD. In the present article we review the current knowledge about gene polymorphisms that have been recently linked to the risk of developing COPD and/or may account for variations in the disease course.


Introduction: Occupational contact dermatitis can be interpreted as a health problem on the skin caused by exogenous and endogenous factors related to work. Electroplating is one of high-risk jobs that caused occupational contact dermatitis because of direct contact with chemicals during working. In addition, contact dermatitis is also affected by individual factors of each worker. This research purpose was to identify the relationship among endogenous factors and the occupational contact dermatitis case in metal coating workers in home industry. Method: The research design used was observational with a cross sectional approach. The total population was used as the sampling technique in this study with a total of 28 workers from two metal coating industries in Durungbanjar Village consisting 13 workers from CV. M and 15 workers from CV. N. The data were obtained from the survey, sighting, and medical record notes. Variables from the study included age, working period, history of illness, and personal hygiene. The data were processed using the coefficient contingency test. Result: There were 64.3% of electroplating workers experienced contact dermatitis. The age aspect has a weak relationship (c = 0.295), the working period element has a weak relationship (c = 0.298), the disease history factor has a weak relationship (c = 0.352) and the individual hygiene factor has a strong relationship (c = 0.547). Conclusion: The endogenous factors including age, working period, history of disease, and personal hygiene affect contact dermatitis case. There is a strong relationship between personal hygiene and contact dermatitis cases in metal coating workers. The worse personal hygiene of the workers, the higher risk of workers experiencing contact dermatitis. Age, working period, and history of disease had weak relationship with contact dermatitis case. Keywords: contact dermatitis, endogenous factors, metal coatings


Steganography and Digital Watermarking are concerned with embedding information in digital media such as images, audio signals and video. Both scientific disciplines develop methods for conceal message (a sequence of bits) by modifying the host (cover) digital object but their goals are slightly different. In this work we discuss two methods of information embedding in spatial domain: a matrix embedding by q-ary codes and a method based on pseudo-noise patterns and which explodes the erasure capability of error correcting codes. We have made numerous experiments with picture from several galleries (with grey-scale and color images) and many error control codes for both type of algorithms. Our observations show that q-ary codes are good choice in the case of syndrome embedding.


This article States that the classic artistic basis of modern Kazakh prose, which influenced its content and form, were the works of new written realistic literature ( works of Abay, Y. Altynsarina et al.). Images of Kazakh prose created by Shokan, Ibrai, Abai and works written at the subsequent stages of the development of Kazakh literature are national spiritual values. It also examines the literary process of the early twentieth century and the work of individual writers who contributed to the development of the novel genre in Kazakh prose along with examples of world literature. A large number of Kazakh novels created during the period of independence were published in the 90s of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century. The article examines how the centuries-old history of the Kazakh people, the history of the Kazakh state from ancient times to the present day is depicted in fiction within the framework of the traditional creative process.


Introductory note on Ravenburg's layout, urban development and fortifications (built between 1380 and 1450) with the outstanding northwest tower symbolizing the towns free status. Report on its rehabilitation:analysis of the state of conservation (repair of the roofing); examination of the rendering and colour setting (including comparison with analogous building polychromies of the period, especially in Italy); cleaning with water; consolidation of rendering with silicate ester; lacunae treatment and reconstruction of polychromy according to historic recifes; hydrophobitation of the southern side with lotexan. 18 figures, 13 bibliographic references.


The main purpose of the text was the profile of the culture landscape of the rural area of the South Podlasie and the presentation of the results of the reserches, which concerned the respondent knowledge and opinion about the folk culture of the South Podlasie. The metod of opinion poll was used in these researches, as well as the technique of the survey, interview, observation and documents analysis. The respondents were 215 inhabitants of villages (the youth, the owners of the agrotouristic lodgings, and adults which don't run the tourist business). The results of the research: the inhabitants of the villages have not much knowledge about the folk culture of their region, but they are aware of it and they would like to get to know more about it. The elements of the folk culture are not common in the agrotouristic farms offers. Tourists are open to the culture walues, they would like to explore the folklore of the area, where they are spending they holiday, but there are not many informations available.


We report the first measurement of the angular distributions of the two ejected electrons following electron impact double ionization of helium, using a multi-parameter (e,3e) spectrometer. The high incident energy of these experiments allows comparison with photo-double ionization results. Comparison is also made with existing (e,3e) theoretical calculations.


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterized by severe neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation. An important cause of inflammation in CF is Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. We have evaluated the importance of a number of P. aeruginosa components, namely lipopeptides, LPS, and unmethylated CpG DNA, as proinflammatory stimuli in CF by characterizing the expression and functional activity of their cognate receptors, TLR2/6 or TLR2/1, TLR4, and TLR9, respectively, in a human tracheal epithelial line, CFTE29o (cid:1) , which is homozygous for the (cid:2) F508 CF transmembrane conductance regulator mutation. We also characterized TLR expression and function in a non-CF airway epithelial cell line 16HBE14o (cid:1) . Using RT-PCR, we demonstrated TLR mRNA expression. TLR cell surface expression was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Lipopeptides, LPS, and unmethylated CpG DNA induced IL-8 and IL-6 protein production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The CF and non-CF cell lines were largely similar in their TLR expression and relative TLR responses. ICAM-1 expression was also up-regulated in CFTE29o (cid:1) cells following stimulation with each agonist. CF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which contains LPS, bacterial DNA, and neutrophil elastase (a neutrophil-derived protease that can activate TLR4), up-regulated an NF- (cid:3) B-linked reporter gene and increased IL-8 protein production in CFTE29o (cid:1)


Musical instrument classification has a great importance in data mining and multimedia. The number of studies investigating classification of musical instruments using sophisticated modeling such as neural networks, support vector machines, decision tress and rough set. However, the viability of soft set theory for musical instruments classification has not been widely experimented. Thus, this paper introduces a classification system which uses notation of soft set theory incorporating non-western musical instruments i.e. Traditional Pakistani Musical Instruments. One of the factors that may contribute to this phenomenon which are audio length, frame size and starting point of files have been investigated that might affect the performance of the classification algorithm. The modeling process comprises of three steps which are data-preprocessing, dataset partitioning and classification. Experimental results show that 94.26% was obtained from the generated datasets. Soft set theory provides fruitful investigation for musical instruments classification. These results have further expanded the scope of soft set theory for decision making applications.


In this dissertation we study the routing problem for multi-commodity
survivable network
ows, with splittable demands, and propose end-to-end
path-based solutions where maximum link utilization is minimized, in order
to improve resilience in existing telecommunication networks.
We develop mixed integer programming models, and demonstrate that,
when the selection of disjoint paths is part of the optimization problem (rather
than when k-shortest paths are pre-selected, as in earlier works), maximum
link utilization is reduced and the overall network also balances out. We
find that three paths are usually enough to reap the benefits of a multipath
approach. A reduction in maximum link utilization also provides a margin by
which demand values can grow without causing congestion.
We also prove that the disjoint multipath selection problem is NPcomplete,
even for the case of one node-pair. This warrants a recourse to effi-
cient solution methods within ILP (such as decomposition), and to matheuristics.
Our literature survey of applications of heuristic techniques, and those
combining heuristics with exact methods, shows a research gap, which we attempt
to bridge through a novel heuristic algorithm. The heuristic works well
and, in several cases, yields better solutions than ILP (in a given time limit),
or provides solutions for problems where ILP could not even find one valid
solution in the given time limit.
We also study this problem within a decomposition methods framework:
i.e., column generation. The pricing sub-problem is a mixed non-linear
programme, for which we propose an ILP formulation. We find some lower
bounds for missing dual values and use them as surrogates. We then show that
the lower bounds are valid and present examples where the proposed pricing
is applied to path generation for self-protecting multipath routing.


The synthesis of stable bicontinuous hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is described. Two functional block co-oligomer templates were used independently, i.e. poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) and poly(styrene)-block-poly(acrylic acid). Two prototypical MOFs, ZIF-8 and HKUST-1, were selected to demonstrate our approach. The resulting materials resemble the microstructures of bicontinuous silica aerogels. They exhibit interconnected porosities throughout the micro-, meso- and macro-porous regions, as shown by electron microscopy and pore size distribution analyses.


Modern sensors require an increasingly small package which presents unique design challenges for antennas and arrays. One option is to install apertures conformally. This, however, limits aperture performance, especially for forward looking antennas with horizontal polarization. An ultrawideband antenna is proposed for embedded installations, permitting a polarization and frequency independent forward field of regard. A scaled version of the design is designed, fabricated, and measured.


Physiotherapy is a treatment method for a wide range of diseases of various organs and systems. Its efficacy and practicability are of the great discussions during the past few decades. In urology, this method is used for treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by a violation of the trophism of genitalia due to radical prostatectomy, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, Peyronie's disease. Shock wave therapy based on the remote action of a low-intensity focused acoustic wave is one of the widely used effective physiotherapeutic methods for the treatment of vasculogenic ED. The main effects of shock waves are neoangiogenesis, nerve fibers regeneration, deceleration of the cavernous fibrosis and reduction of the sympathetic outflow. Some technologies (e.g. radio waves) in addition to those effects also warm the tissues, what accelerates metabolism and improves regenerative processes. All shockwave and radiowave technologies have already demonstrated their efficacy compared with sham control. However, in the few comparative studies, no significant difference was found in efficacy between different technologies. Clinical guidelines consider physiotherapy only as an alternative treatment for patients with mild vasculogenic ED who are refractory or unresponsive to oral vasoactive therapy. Nevertheless, some studies make it possible to judge the efficacy of physiotherapy for treatment of patients with either etiology of the ED. The result of the ED treatment does not depend on the number of treatment courses, their duration, the number of pulses per course and the periodicity of therapy sessions. Also, the original studies have some major shortcomings (i.e. a large percentage of patients dropping out of follow-up). These factors cast doubt on the organotropism of physiotherapy. So, additional comparative studies are required to determine the optimal dosing regimen and to explore the influence of physiotherapy organotropic and psychological components on the results of the treatment. The study aimed to summarize the currently available data evaluating the efficacy of different physiotherapeutic technologies, to compare the efficacy of different technologies for ED treatment.


This study investigates the sensitivity and uncertainty of hydrological droughts frequencies and severity in the Weihe Basin, China during 1960–2012, by using six commonly used univariate probability distributions and three Archimedean copulas to fit the marginal and joint distributions of drought characteristics. The Anderson-Darling method is used for testing the goodness-of-fit of the univariate model, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) is applied to select the best distribution and copula functions. The results demonstrate that there is a very strong correlation between drought duration and drought severity in three stations. The drought return period varies depending on the selected marginal distributions and copula functions and, with an increase of the return period, the differences become larger. In addition, the estimated return periods (both co-occurrence and joint) from the best-fitted copulas are the closet to those from empirical distribution. Therefore, it is critical to select the appropriate marginal distribution and copula function to model the hydrological drought frequency and severity. The results of this study can not only help drought investigation to select a suitable probability distribution and copulas function, but are also useful for regional water resource management. However, a few limitations remain in this study, such as the assumption of stationary of runoff series.


Chemical and physical properties of typical low-rank coal (LRC) ash are significantly different than bituminous coal ash. With the exception of extraneous ash, which is incorporated during mining or is due to ash partings within or between coal seams, LRC ash consists primarily of inherent ash that is bonded into the coal's organic matrix or finely disseminated mineral matter. This paper reviews the nature of ash from two Alaskan LRCs, both inherent and extraneous, and how this impacts the prospects of producing a low ash coal for formulation into low-rank coal-water fuel for utilization in heat engines. This study is particularly relevant in light of the recently funded Alaskan Low-Rank Coal-Water Fuel - Diesel Project, which is designed to demonstrate the economic feasibility of commercial production and utilization of low-rank coal-water fuel (LRCWF) in an oil-designed, 3MWe boiler and a medium speed (400rpm) diesel engine (9.6MWe). Washability data, proximate and ultimate analyses and ash composition ...


Automating the process of B2B partner discovery and contract negotiation is expected to significantly optimise company processes. Numerous existing proposals for discovery follow the approach where service descriptions are expressed by concept expressions in description logics (DL), and description matching is performed by well-known DL inferences. However, these approaches do not always produce results one might intuitively expect, due to a gap between the formal semantics of service descriptions and human intuition. In this paper, we address this problem by analysing the connection between the modeler's intuition and formal logic used to operationalise discovery. Furthermore, we show how to correctly map the intuition into description logic constructs. Finally, we investigate different inferences used to realise service discovery.


Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, learning method is conducted through online learning and the number of students who use digital device is increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors of DES in Informatic Engineering student of Polytechnic C. This research used cross-sectional design, was conducted in February-June 2022 on 90 respondents of Informatic Engineering of Polytechnic C students 2018-2021. The data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The result showed the highest score of DES was 102, lowest score was 5, and average score was 36.26. 54,6% of the respondents were male, 95,6% used digital device for >4 hour, 52,2% did not use glasses when using digital devices, 94,4% not doing eye rest, 76,7% used digital devices in non-ergonomic position, 70,0% used digital devices with risky viewing angle, and 83,3% used digital devices with risky vision distance. There were differences of DES between the duration of digital device usage >4 and ?4 hour (p=0.033), ergonomic and non-ergonomic position (p=0.022) and risky and non-risky angle of digital device usage (p=0.033). There were no differences of DES between gender (p=0.251), using and not using glasses (p=0.932), doing and not doing eye rest (p=0.543), and risky and non-risky vision distance (p=0.426). The position of digital device usage has the most influence on DES (B=-15.521). It is recommended for students when using digital devices to practice ergonomics position.


In Korea, hacking, computer viruses, such as infringement on electronic systems for protecting Critical Information Infrastructure from the law was enacted. Every year, Specified facilities that Critical Information Infrastructure are analysed system risks and will be submitted to Central Government. This research intends to provide IT service attributes to take into account the methodology that predicts the security of Critical Information Infrastructure. The service provider who wants to offer the new Critical Information Infrastructure service needs to secure appropriate security measures based on threat and vulnerability analysis from IT service attributes and the service planning stage. However, it is difficult to use existing risk methodologies that perform threat analysis as the one that allows Service attributes This paper propose the information security framework that figures out security threats at the new IT Critical Information Infrastructure service planning stage, and easily identifies relevancy between security technologies and IT service attributes.


– Understanding of materialism and conspicuous consumption has been of paramount concern to consumer researchers over the past years. Many countries have found themselves in precarious situations because of profligacy and overconsumption. However in transition economies like India, increase in luxury consumption is a recent trend. This paper examines the extent of materialism & conspicuous consumption in a consumption-based economy like Kerala. This study also explores the comparative prominence of the sub traits of materialism. Results of the survey conducted among 131 respondents showed that though materialism was high among respondents, conspicuous consumption was just above average. The study also showed that possessiveness was the major materialistic trait that was found prominent among consumers followed by non generosity and envy.


In a recently published work see, Electron. Lett., vol.31, p.1597, 1995; we have demonstrated theoretically that in nondispersion-shifted fibers, second-order polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) can severely compound the PMD penalty as a result of first-order PMD [i.e., the value of the differential group delay (DGD) at the signal central frequency]. To verify these theoretical results, a l0-Gbit/s nonreturn to zero (NRZ) transmission was set up over a 70 km nondispersion-shifted fiber with a chromatic dispersion near 1550 nm. The l0-Gbit/s transmitter consisted of a modulated DFB laser.


The role of SPs and Incubators as policy instruments fostering innovative entrepreneurship is still an open issue. The literature is far from conclusive in establishing whether these structures are effective in sustaining on-park firms' performances. Relying on Italian data, we carefully construct a control group of comparable off-park start-ups and we provide evidence of the different performances experienced. In particular we analyze three dimensions: (i) firms' innovative output, (ii) firms' growth in revenues and (iii) their persistence in growth. We investigate what features of SPs and Incubators act as drivers leading to the observed differences and we highlight how some of these are more relevant than others. SPs are analyzed along a number of additional dimensions, focusing particularly on their network relations with institutions such as universities, research centers and firms located in the surrounding area. In particular we suggest that both research-oriented environment and network spillovers play a key role in sustaining on-park firms' innovative and growth performances. Form a policy perspective our analysis suggests that initiatives to promote NTBFs on SPs will yield more innovative output and firms' growth than policies to help NTBFs in general, independently of being the park sectorspecific or not.


Abstract This article presents a full publication of three Christian funerary stelae from Egypt, which were bought in 1912 by Friedrich von Bissing and are now in the Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst at Munich. The first one represents an orans figure, the second depicts a crux ansata and the third has the names Pasep inscribed (in Greek) on the front and Phanes on the back. Although the precise provenance of these pieces is unknown, stylistic features suggest they are from Deir el-Bala'iza, Armant and Edfu respectively.


● AIM: To Compare of intravitreal bevacizumab and intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide in eyes with bilateral diabetic macular edema. ● METHODS: In this retrospective comparative-randomized study, 42 eyes of 21 diabetic patients with bilateral macular edema were evaluated. In one eye intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab (IVB group) was performed and in the fellow eye intravitreal injection of combined 1.25 mg bevacizumab and 1 mg triamcinolone acetonide (IVTAIVB group) was performed. Main outcomes were the central macular thickness (CMT) measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT), ETDRS visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (IOP). ● RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 4.7±1.5mo. In the IVB and IVTA-IVB groups, mean CMT was 494.7±114.4 μm and 546.8±165.6 μm before injections; 430.4±133.2 μm and 363.7±105.3 μm at first month; 484.8±167.4 μm and 407.3±108.7 μm at 3 month; 550.4±191.5 μm and 516.8±158 μm after 6mo respectively. Differences were significant at first and 3 month (P˂0.05). In the IVB and IVTA-IVB groups, mean ETDRS VA score was 57.1±13.5 and 48.9±13.9 before injections; 62.2±14 and 58.8±12.1 at first month; 59±13.7 and 59.3±13.6 at 3 month; 55.6±14.9 and 55.5±8.7 after 6mo respectively. Differences were significant at first and 3 and 6mo (P˂0.05). There was no IOP difference. IVTA-IVB group gains best VA at 3 month after the first injection and maintains it for 6mo whereas IVB group gains best VA at first month and can be able to maintain for 3mo. ● CONCLUSION: Injection of 1 mg IVTA-IVB seems to be better than IVB alone in improving VA for 6mo without any steroid dependent complications. ●


This paper deals with the development of a random number generator for cryptographic key generation. The proposed implementation is designed for the use in a passive UHF RFID Tag and is based on a 55 nm semiconductor process. Since passive RFID Tags are not equipped with an autonomous power supply, the circuit is designed for minimal power consumption. However, the design should still generate a sufficient randomness. When generating keys for cryptographic applications, it must be ensured that there is no way of predicting them. Therefore, a true random number generator (TRNG) is used. The proposed TRNG is based on several ring oscillators, which are subject to random phase noise (jitter). By comparing the positions of the phases, the extraction of the randomness can be performed. Additionally, a post-processing unit is deployed, to increase the randomness of the circuit. To evaluate the randomness of the bit sequences generated by simulation, the NIST Statistical Test Suite is used. The results show a minimal dependence on the randomness of the thermal effects within the specified range. Furthermore, they suggest a likely sufficient randomness of all tested bit sequences. According to simulations, the maximum power consumption of the entire circuit is 270 nW at 27 °C.


Objective: To determine whether GGGGCC (G 4 C 2) repeat expansions at loci other than C9orf72 serve as common causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: We assessed G 4 C 2 repeat number in 28 genes near known ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) loci by repeat-primed PCR coupled with fluorescent fragment analysis in 199 patients with ALS (17 familial, 182 sporadic) and 136 healthy controls. We also obtained blood from patients with ALS4 for evaluation of repeats surrounding the SETX gene locus. C9orf72 expansions were evaluated in parallel. ALS cases analyzed. Repeat variance was observed at one other locus, RGS14, but no large expansions were observed, and repeat sizes were not different between cases and controls. No G 4 C 2 repeat expansions were identified at other ALS or FTD risk loci or in ALS4 cases. Conclusions: G 4 C 2 expansions near known ALS and FTD loci other than C9orf72 are not a common cause of ALS.


Expanded polystyrene (EPS) lightweight concrete is increasingly used in various applications due to its lightweight, excellent heat preservation, sound insulation and energy absorbing characteristics. However, due to the hydrophobic nature and very low density of EPS beads, EPS concretes are prone to segregation, poor bonding, and homogeneity issues. The properties of EPS concrete are highly dependent on the mixture proportions and mixing procedure. This study involves the development of a quality mixing procedure for Ultra-lightweight EPS concrete and the development of two predictive compressive strength models function of concrete mixture and density, respectively. An experimental program is developed to implement the mixing procedure and to calibrate and evaluate the accuracy of the models. The proposed models were found to accurately predict the strength of concrete mixtures. The corresponding standard error for the models is less than 0.3 MPa and the corresponding correlation coefficient is greater than 0.93. To ensure quality control before concrete is cast, a link between the plastic density of fresh concrete and the compressive strength was established. Furthermore, to accommodate tight construction schedules, the effects of concrete age on the compressive strength development were studied and the 28-day strength was related to strengths at early ages.


Dear Sir: In the report of the frequency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Kuwait by Shaker, Onsi, and Aziz (American Journal of Human Genetics, 1966), there is no reference to the pioneer studies of various Jewish populations and of Arabs by Szeinberg, Sheba, Ramot, Adam, and others. For the record, a few of the many pertinent references of these workers are: Szeinberg, Asher, and Sheba (1958); Szeinberg, Sheba, and Adam (1958a,b); Ramot et al. (1959); and Goldschmidt (1963). As many readers of this Journal are aware, these workers not only independently established the relationship between favism and G6PD deficiency but their biochemical and anthropological studies of G6PD deficiency in the Middle East are the most elegant investigations in this area. Additionally, Israel (Palestine) is not to be found on the map of the Middle East. JAMES E. BOWMAN Section on Genetics and International Health, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637.


This paper examines Donald Schön's critique of Herbert Simon's 'science of design' to determine whether later developments in Simon's thought – particularly, his theories of 'bounded rationality' and 'goal-less designing' – can contribute to an appreciation of Schön's notion of reflective practice. The paper then argues, that viewed through the optic of 'assessment for learning,' teaching may be conceived as 'goal-less and reflective design,' and the practice thereof may lead to more effective teaching.


The radiolytic reduction of uranyl ions in degassed sulphuric acid solutions containing various organic solutes was studied. It was shown that while ĊOOH, CO2−, and α-hydroxy-alkyl radicals reduced...


Interest on the effect of ownership structure and financial performance has grown much, yet researchers have provided mixed results. This study aims at investigating the relationship between state-owned and joint venture type of ownership structures by testing whether or not there is a difference in their performance. The study used quantitative methods to find out if there is a significance difference in performance of two types of firms namely State Owned and Joint venture. The variables used were Return on asset, Return on Equity, Capital Adequacy, Non-performing Loans and Earnings per Share. Further, T-test was used to test the difference in performance of the two types of firms. The results have revealed that there is no significant difference in performance between the two types of ownership structure. Statistically, the performance of state-owned and joint ventures is the same. This means the efforts to radicalize the state-owned companies have paid off by eliminating the impact of ownership structure on financial performance of the firm.


Plant antifreeze protein is a kind of important materials which avoid cold and frozen damage. Compared with fishes and insects in polar region,plant antifreeze proteins have low hysteresis activity and inhibitory activity of high recrystallization. Ice nucleoproteins are biological ice nuclei agent of active bacteria,fungi and insects,which increase aqueous solution temperature of ice nuclei formation in early cooling stage,and decrease super cooling point of water temperature. Biological and protein characteristics of antifreeze protein and ice nucleoprotein,regulatory mechanism of solid-liquid phase changes of water molecules were analyzed,which was of great significance in revealing complicated antifreeze mechanism and plant antifreeze applications of genetic engineering researches.


The process of encapsulating solar cells on curved surfaces is one of the most challenging subjects today and has been widely studied. In most studies, thin‐film and flexible cells have been chosen for curved surfaces. In this article, a new method is proposed to carry out the process of encapsulating a solar cell on the curved surfaces using inflexible silicon solar cell. In this method, transparent epoxy resin is injected into the solar cell area using an embedded mold. Once the resin is cured and the mold is removed, the obtained surface forms the desired curved shape. This method can be used for fixed curved surfaces that are not exposed to tension. The method was performed on a sectional sample of a wind turbine blade which resulted in a curved and transparent layer on the cells. Then the section was tested under the environmental condition and exposed to direct sunlight. The results showed a normal performance of the cell with high efficiency and a maximum error rate of 8% compared to the laboratory report of the manufacturer. Voltage and current of the cell were normal in this experiment. The I–V curve diagram showed the standard behavior of cells as well. The maximum power output from the section was 1.308 W. Results showed that this method is suitable for solid curved surfaces to be used as a photovoltaic module.


This paper deals with the estimation quality of nonlinear filters in relation to sensors losses. In a nonlinear state space representation setting, Central Difference Kalman Filter, Ensemble Kaman Filter and Particle Filter are tested on a second order system. Their comportment in relation to the sensors available are then studied, in order to compare the estimation quality by computing criteria such that variances of estimation errors and observability gramian.


Hepatocytes isolated from temperature-acclimated Fundulus heteroclitus were used in determinations of respiratory rate, maximal activities of regulatory enzymes, and evolution of 14CO2 from labeled glucose and palmitic acid. Oxygen consumption was relatively independent of acclimation temperature between 25 C and 15 C but exhibited greater thermal sensitivity between 15 C and 5 C acclimation temperatures. When determined at the temperature of acclimation, evolution of 14CO2 from labeled palmitate increased from 5 C to 15 C and decreased from 15 C to 25 C. Rates of 14CO2 release from labeled glucose increased slightly between 5 C and 15 C and more dramatically between 15 C and 25 C. The 14C-1-O2/14C-6-O2 ratios from glucose were the same for each acclimation temperature, indicating that the relative participation of the pentose shunt in carbohydrate oxidation remained unchanged with acclimation. The results of labeled substrate utilization experiments indicate that substantial changes in the relative contributions of carbohydrate and lipid to aerobic energy metabolism accompany temperature acclimation in F. heteroclitus. Of enzymes studied, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and cytochrome oxidase exhibited compensatory changes in activity. Maximal activities of the glycolytic enzymes phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase did not demonstrate changes corresponding to patterns of labeled glucose utilization, indicating that modulation of pathway flux during temperature acclimation may be achieved by means other than alterations in enzyme quantity. Reorganization of metabolic carbon flow in Fundulus hepatocytes may reflect adaptive strategies for freezing avoidance via serum hyperglycemia and seasonal variations in reproductive effort and food resource availability.


The paper describes the purpose and the significance of the air jigging technology for dry coal separation,discusses the air jigging system for dry coal separation about its working principle,systematic structure and control methods.Adjustable air pressure and mechanical vibrations are used to loose and layer the particles on the sorting bed according to the density and the size of particles,then raw coal particles with different density and size are classified by adjustable discharging unit,so as to achieve separation,removal of coal gangue and desulfurization.


The rotational spectra of cyclohexene oxide and its van der Waals complex with argon has been observed with a Balle-Flygare type pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer in the 6 to 20 GHz region. These measurements improve the existing rotational constants of the parent molecule, cyclohexene oxide, and its six singly substituted C and O isotopologues and add those for the newly reported O isotopologue. Additionally, the C isotopologues of the argon complex are reported here. All isotopic species have been observed in natural abundance. Cyclohexene oxide and its isotopologues exhibit a and c type transitions, while the argon C6H10O complex has a, b, and c types. The quadrupole coupling constants for the O isotopologue are χaa = 8.8555(49) MHz, χbb = -4.5600(37) MHz, and χcc = -4.2956(37) MHz. Only a and b type transitions are seen for the C isotopologues of the complex. The argon C6H10O complex has rotational constants of A = 2146.48256(15), B = 908.64292(8), C = 859.00320(8) MHz. Argon in the r0 structure is at a = 0.282(5), b = 0.706(2), and c = 3.7935(4) in the principal axis system of the monomer. This places the argon above the ring opposite the epoxide group oxygen, but closer towards the front of the ring nearer to the alpha position carbons than the rear of the ring with the gamma position carbons. For comparison, oxygen is located at a = 1.488(1), b = 0.029(51), c = 0.716(2), nearly on the a axis which accounts for b not being well defined. It is also closer to the alpha-prime and beta-prime than the alpha and beta carbons. Unlike in cyclopentene oxide, there are no planes of symmetry to make equivalent carbons. The monomer also has no symmetry with only the identity operation,


How many lives this metal has ruined! Over and over again, passions have boiled around it, and this is true even now. At the peak of the election campaign to the State Duma, the Russian president ordered the state's debts to pensioners be paid by selling part of our precious metal reserve. Precious metals means, first and foremost, gold. In early 1995 Russia's gold reserves amounted to 321.9 tons, according to Evgenii Bychkov. Russian Precious Metals and Gems Committee [Roskomdragmet] chairman. In an address to the State Duma, the first deputy minister of finance of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Petrov, reported that this reserve had dropped to only 115 tons by 1 October 1995. But the chairman of the State Duma Committee on Security, Viktor Iliukhin, immediately announced that Russia had spent almost all of its gold reserves: 900 tons have been taken out of the country in the last few years, whereas 8,200 tons of the "despised metal" lie stored in the underground coffers of Fort Knox (the U.S. Treasury...


By Carleson's theorem a trigonometric series ∑ ∞ k=1 ck cos 2πkx or ∑ ∞ k=1 ck sin 2πkx is a.e. convergent if ∞ ∑ k=1 c2k < ∞. (1) Gaposhkin generalized this result to series of the form ∞ ∑ k=1 ckf(kx) (2) for functions f satisfying f(x + 1) = f(x), ∫ 1 0 f(x) = 0 and belonging to the Lip α class for some α > 1/2. In the case α ≤ 1/2 condition (1) is in general no longer sufficient to guarantee the a.e. convergence of (2). For 0 < α < 1/2 Gaposhkin showed that (2) is a.e. convergent if ∞ ∑ k=1 c2kk (log k) < ∞ for some β > 1 + 2α. (3) In this paper we show that condition (3) can be significantly weakened for α ∈ [1/4, 1/2). In fact, we show that in this case the factor k(log k) can be replaced by a factor which is asymptotically smaller than any positive power of k.


An enhanced criterion for space-time trellis code (STTC) construction is deduced. Then a new kind of STTC construction is proposed using serially concatenated convolutional code (SCCC) with 4PSK jointly with direct mapping and Gray mapping. Simulation shows that SCCC-STTC with Gray mapping is much better than that with direct mapping and SCCC-STTCs with Gray mapping outperform the improved STTCs proposed by S. Baro et al. (see IEEE Commun. letters, vol.4, p.20-2, 2000). SCCC-STTC has good performance and is easy to construct.


We have developed a 'sandwich'-type time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) using two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and the streptavidin/biotin (SAB) system. In this simple and fast streptavidin/biotin IFMA (SAB-IFMA) we used streptavidin coated wells to which we added biotinylated mAb for 3h. After washing, the serum sample was added and incubated for 2h followed by washing. Another monoclonal europium-labelled tracer antibody was added and incubated for 1 h, the wells were washed and the fluorescence of Eu measured. We tested various assay conditions in order to optimize the assay for sensitivity and measuring range. Purification of the labelled antibody by hydrophobic interaction chromatography was found to be essential to improve sensitivity. With a sample volume of 50μl the detection limit was 6ngl−1 and the analytical range large, i.e. 10000-fold. The median concentration in serum from healthy subjects was 12ngl−1 and the reference range <39ngl−1. The mea...


Through comparative study, case and data analysis, this article summarizes the key points of the fourth amendment of Chinese Patent Law, and analyses the expected practical significance. Meanwhile, this article also discusses the shortcomings of the new patent law after the fourth amendment, and puts forward some suggestions for further improvement and refinement. The purpose of the fourth amendment of Chinese Patent Law is mainly to make the Chinese patent system more in line with the current technological and economic development in China as well as international cooperative innovation. The core points of the fourth amendment include: (1) strengthening patent enforcement by adopting punitive damages to intentional patent infringement, and increasing the patent protection duration extension for new pharmaceuticals, etc. (2) Promoting patent implementation by adding ' Open Licence ' rules and improving employees ' invention regulations; (3) Improving design patent protection by expending protection duration and adopting protection for partial designs. (4) Increasing the provisions about the grace period for patent filings of inventions related to public interests. The new Patent Law 2020 will gradually show its significant practical effects. At the same time, however, there are still some regulations that need to be further clarified and refined for ensuring better implementation of the new law.


Swing options are options with many exercise rights of American type. That means that the option's holder has the right of exercise or not exercise at many times under condition that he respects the refracting time that separates two successive exercises. Due to the complex patterns of consumption and the limited fungibility of energy, Swing options are usually embedded in energy contracts allowing flexibility of delivery with respect to both the timing and the amount of energy used.


Urban-rural equalized development (URED) is recognized as strongly contributing to the narrowing of societal, economic, life, and environmental gaps between urban and rural areas and is also an effective way to solve the "three rural issues†of rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. This paper explores the spatio-temporal patterns of URED in the state-designated experimental zone of Chengdu at a county level by using quantitative survey data from 2004 to 2013. The major findings are as follows: (1) the regions that are closer to the central city of Chengdu had a more optimistic urban-rural equalized development outlook ( i.e. , the three-tier geographical distribution phenomenon); (2) this distribution characteristic was gradually broken up in the process of urban and rural integration, and the differences between the three tiers has been narrowing; and (3) the gap between urban and rural areas has been significantly improved and exhibited a higher dynamic degree in the second and third tiers than in the first tier, which suggests a new development mode that exhibits better quality and higher sustainability. Given these results, the development orientation and strategy of each tier are discussed according to the characteristics of urban and rural equalized development.


From the causes of the concrete cracks,the paper sums up the design measures in controlling the cracks in basement,illustrates the principle of the stress free cracks,introduces its application in the anti-crack design of basement external walls.According to the construction examples,it points out that the stress free cracks is feasible in the application of projects.


My doctoral thesis analyses the political ideology of Islamism by taking the case study of a major Islamist organization, namely the Jamaat-e-Islami in contemporary India and Bangladesh. In doing so, I try to understand the similarities and differences of the ideological articulations of Islamism in a Muslim minority context of India and in a Muslim majority context of Bangladesh. The thesis is written from a political theory perspective in general and within the realm of ideology studies in particular. The study analyses how and why the Jamaat is responding to the economic and cultural issues of neoliberal India and Bangladesh. One cannot possibly ignore the neoliberal context within which Islamists are generating markedly new kinds of political articulations with an unprecedented set of political demands, never seen before in the history of Islamist movements. The ideological articulations of Jamaat have been studied by analyzing various primary sources—organisational literature, the party constitution, policy resolutions, press releases, election manifestos and political pamphlets of Jamaat-e-Islami. In addition, this dissertation has also relied on field interviews with the Jamaat leadership in India and Bangladesh. Magazines and internet sources have been also helpful for this study. My thesis analyses Islamist responses to neoliberalism by discussing the contrasting conditions of contemporary India and Bangladesh. In doing so, I conclude that in India, Jamaat is opposed to neoliberalism whereas in Bangladesh, it has a ambiguous character vis-a-vis neoliberalism. However, Islamists in both these countries are opposed to cultural issues like atheism, 'blasphemous' views, live-in relationships and homosexuality, which they construe as the products of 'western cultural globalization'. In this respect, I try to analyse why the Islamists are opposed to 'western cultural globalization'. Finally, I also explain how Islamism, as a politico-ideological project of populist mobilization is facing a crisis in contemporary India and Bangladesh.


The wood of Oleoxylon deccanense , reported informally in 1981 from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of central India, is re-examined. We provide a formal diagnosis for the species and a more detailed description. The similarity to wood from species groups of the modern genera Chionanthus and Olea leads us to infer that this fossil taxon probably belongs to the monophyletic drupaceous subtribe Oleinae of the olive family, Oleaceae (Lamiales), although affinities with Rhamnaceae and Rutaceae cannot be wholly excluded. Since the fossil is from a late Maastrichtian-Danian horizon (65–67 MY BP) this would imply that a member of the Oleaceae was part of the flora that inhabited India several million years prior to the tectonic impact of India with Asia. The seemingly modern appearance of this and other Deccan fossil woods is briefly discussed.


After the pioneering work of Hans Berger in the 1930s (1), electroencephalography (EEG) opened a new window on epilepsy. This led to its general acceptance and now widespread use. It provided an invaluable new dimension to the ability to locate epileptogenic abnormalities in patients with focal or partial epilepsy. The presence of structural lesions in patients with partial epilepsy had, of course, been long realized but there evolved a widely held concept that the lesion was not nearly as important as the electrographically defined epileptogenic abnormalities. In the early days of neuroradiology, the founding fathers, like Arthur Childe and Donald McCrae, soon realized that asymmetries in skull growth and identification of lesions by pneumoencephalography and arteriography contributed to our study of patients with intractable epilepsy. Nevertheless, imaging continued to labor in the shadow of the EEG until the advent of computed tomography, which ushered in the era of modern imaging in patients with epilepsy (2–8). First came the recognition of disorders or cortical organization such a polymicrogyria and pachygyria (4–7) and the beginning of the explosion of diagnosis by imaging of small inert lesions, some calcified, like the cavernous angiomata (8). It was at that time that we finally realized that electrographic localization, whether from the surface or from intracranial recording, might not provide as reliable an answer as one had anticipated (2, 3). Patients with posterior temporal or temporal occipital lesions and anterior and inferomesial temporal epileptogenic foci had disappointing results after resection of the electrically defined epileptogenic area (9), and it became progressively clearer that the lesion and its immediate surround was much more important in epileptogenesis than we had suspected (8–10). Then came the era of magnetic resonance (MR), which led to important insights into the structural basis of temporal epilepsy, the most common form of the intractable disease, and recognition of a wide range of structural cortical abnormalities, often developmental, leading to seizures which were often difficult or impossible to control. The introduction of MR coincided with a period of renewed and widespread interest in the surgical treatment of epilepsy. Advances in epileptology made it very clear that in as many as 20% of epileptic patients medical control of seizures was not possible with the available pharmacologic armamentarium (2, 3). Advances in surgical technique and, above all, in preoperative electrographic studies and neuropsychological investigation held out the promise of improved results of surgical treatment. There was, in North America, a proliferation of centers hoping to embark on surgical treatment (2, 3). We now see an improved balance between the enthusiasm of the physicians and surgeons and the recognition of the essentialness of searching imaging, EEG, and neuropsychological investigations. Functional imaging is also increasingly used (10). MR imaging is now the standard of reference in the investigation of patients with epilepsy, particularly those with intractable seizures (4). Computed tomography retains a role in recognition of calcifications. It is not a sufficient screening procedure because of the difficulty of recognizing temporal lobe abnormalities and parenchymatous changes. Neurologists and neurosurgeons are now beginning to recognize that referring patients for routine MR imaging is inappropriate. To obtain maximal usefulness, the problem should be discussed in advance with the neuroradiologists and the procedures tailored to the specific clinical problem.


The urgency to promote awareness about caring for the environment, especially of coral reefs, motivated the present study, which was based on socioenvironmental and psychopedagogical principles and followed an interdisciplinary approach focusing on the health of the reefs as these have unique functions for ecological balance and human wellbeing while being increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of tourism. This led to the question, what do tourism agents know about coral reefs? Aiming to develop interventions on environmental education, starting from this group's previous knowledge, the main aim of this study was to analyse tourism agents' knowledge about coral reefs. The study followed a qualitative design, with 22 tourism agents from João Pessoa-PB, their ages ranged from 18 to 68 years (M=37.5; DP=14.34), most were men (77,3%). The participants answered a questionnaire to evaluate Natural Semantic Networks (NSN) and demographic questions. Results of the NSN analysis indicated knowledge semantically structured by contents of positive psychological meaning, suggesting that agents' previous shared knowledge is adequate to the concept of sustainability. The discussion considered the findings reliable for environmental proposals. The final considerations highlighted the contributions of this study, its limitations, and future studies.


By analyzing and comparing the culture and education training mode of Taekwondo athletes between China and Korean, the problems and shortcomings in the culture education training mode of Taekwondo athletes in China are revealed. With the help of successful experience and systematic and scientific management methods of Taekwondo athletes in Korean, combined with theory and practice, a suitable learning method is explored and designed for Taekwondo athletes in China. It provides a cultural and educational model which can effectively improve the cultural level of the athletes and can be used for the future generations to learn from them. In order to provide strong theoretical support and basis for training and teaching of Taekwondo sports teams in China, a new idea is opened up for coaches to better arrange athletes' learning and training.


This paper reports the first experimental observation of mixed nonlinearity (softening followed by hardening) in ZnO based PMUTs and their exploitation for enhancing the bandwidth of the transducer. These experiments are conducted on PMUTs fabricated with nanostructured ZnO thin film as the active piezoelectric material. The mixed nonlinearities in peak response are observed at relatively low actuation voltage of 1–6 V AC. We show that the intrinsic jump phenomenon embedded in this kind of nonlinear response can be effectively used to enhance the operational bandwidth of the PMUT by actuating the device with an appropriate voltage commensurate with the branch of nonlinearity one wishes to target. We report a bandwidth enhancement of up to 33 times using this technique.


Objective To investigate the technique and effectiveness of CT-guided collagenase injection into prominence of herniated lumbar disc and the surface of prominence in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods One hundred and fifty-five patients with lumbar disc herniation diagnosed by clinic and CT received CT-guided collagenase injection, with the approaches via intervertebral foramen in L3-4 and L4-5, and the approaches via margo medialis of joint processus articularis in L5-S1. Results Injection was done successfully in all patients (100%), the clinical rate of excellent and good results were 94.2%. The herniation disappeared or significantly reduced as demonstrated by CT scan in 32 of 34 patients (94.1%), the rate of excellent and good results were 100%. No changes existed in 2 cases. There were 2 cases of disc inflammation in our group. Conclusions CT-guided collagenase injection into the prominence of herniated lumbar disc and its surface is a safe and efficient method in the treatment of herniated lumbar disc.


Synopsis The beneficial characteristic of low-Si steels, lillie segregation and homogeneous mechanical jJroperties in large ingots, was applied to a 12Cr steel. The studies of the microstructures and creep ruftture properties for a low Si- 12Cr- 1.5M o-O.2V- 0.05Nb steel after various heat treat ments were carried out. The creep recovery mechanism, the precipitation characteristics of M 23 C s alld the dissolution and coagulation of the fine precijJitates were investigated by the aid of transmission electron microscope. Furthermore, the ~ffects of prior tempering temperature and creep stress on the microstructures and mechanical properties were also investigated. This steel exhibits a superior creep rupture strength, 1.4 times that of the cOllventional super 12Cr rotors. The austenitizillg temperature ~ffective for the lOllg term creep strellgth was foulld to be ill the range of 1 050° to 1 100 0 e alld optimum prior tempering temperature was about 700°C.


A method for verification of limit cycle stability in autonomous nonlinear systems is proposed. The oscillation is represented in an exponential form and the operator equation of perturbation is obtained The third harmonic increments are eliminated from this equation using the steady-state third harmonic linearized equation. Then the operator is simplified and real and imaginary parts are separated to obtain a system of two first order linear differential equations for the first harmonic amplitude increments. The characteristic equation of this last system is used for verification of the limit cycle stability.


A process for preparing Ethylendialkylphosphinsauren esters, and salts and their use The invention relates to the process for the preparation of Ethylendialkylphosphinsauren, esters and salts, characterized in that a) reacting a phosphinic acid (I) (with olefins IV) in the presence of a catalyst A to an alkylphosphonous acid is reacted salt or ester (II) b the resulting alkylphosphonous acid, salt or ester (II) with the acetylenic compound (V) in the presence of a catalyst B (for Ethylendialkylphosphinsaurederivat III)) reacting, wherein R X Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Li, Na, K, H and / or a protonated nitrogen base stands and / or is H, C m is 1 to 4, and it is the catalyst A by transition metals and / or transition metal compounds and / or catalyst systems, which are composed of a transition metal and / or transition metal compound and at least one ligand and it is electromagnetic radiation, the catalyst B.


Pyrolysis process of dead beer yeast powder was studied through thermogravimetric analyzer. Cu2+ adsorption mechanism was analysed by SEM and FTIR. The results showed: in thermogravimetric test, TG and DTG figures indicated five pyrolytic stages, weight losting in the third(247degC- 309degC) and fourth(309degC-420degC) stages, most important stages, accounted for 68.3% of total weight losting and 50.5% of total sample weight. SEM figures indicated that before adsorption on Cu2+, the cell surface of yeast powder and immobilized yeast were smooth, but after adsorption, many "spots" and something like spininess deposition appeared on cell surface, inorganic- precipitation mechanism and redox mechanism might work in the process. After adsorption, FTIR figures changed little, the main structure and components of yeast kept unchanged, -OH -. -CONH2 and -COOH all played an important role in adsorption process.


The purpose of the work is to investigate high-efficient and stable 4-terminal perovskite/c-Si tandem devices. Hybrid tandems of c-Si bottom cells and perovskite top cells are perhaps the most promising candidates to reduce the levelized cost of electricity by increasing the overall tandem cell efficiency. To turn this promise in a commercial success, perovskite/c-Si tandem devices need to fulfill at least the following requirements: matching lifetimes between the perovskite top cell and the bottom c-Si cell, i.e. 25 years; high near-infrared transparency of top cell, scalable process steps and low cost of materials


ations of general relativity. Primordial black holes provide important information about the early Universe complementary to large-scale cosmological observations.
In the standard picture, primordial black holes are formed, during the epoch of radiation domination at early times, by (non-standard) enhancements in the power spectrum of primordial
perturbations generated during inflation over some scale ranges. An alternative mechanism for describing the generation of primordial black holes is currently under active development. It is based on non-standard gravitational effects at sub-millimetre scales in the early Universe, for which we expect deviations from general relativity to become significant. In this approach to the primordial black hole formation, the power spectrum of primordial fluctuations is assumed to be of the standard, nearly scale-invariant form set by inflation, while the evolution of the fluctuations after inflation results in enhancements of the power spectrum, providing a new mechanism for generating primordial black holes. In this project we study the latter scenario: a non-inflationary mechanism for producing primordial black holes. The aim of this work is to investigate the physical consequences of this scenario in order to be able to set constraints on Alternative Theories of Gravity. In particular, we study the production of scalar induced gravitational waves from primordial black hole formation in this newly proposed framework for the production of primordial
black holes.

The study of the production of scalar induced gravitational waves, which is the main original contribution of this thesis work, could help to better understand and constrain the non-inflationary mechanism proposed in a work in progress by Akrami, Patil, Vardanyan et al., to which I have been exposed, for producing primordial black holes and, as a consequence, modific


Present study was conducted to investigate the extent of adulteration and its influence on chemical characteristics of market milk sold in the Hyderabad city and its surroundings during the year 2012. Twenty market milk samples from different sale points of Hyderabad city and its surrounding areas and similar number (20) of whole buffalo milk (control) from different dairy farms of the vicinity of Hyderabad were examined at the laboratory of Institute of Food Sciences and Technology/ Department of Animal Product Technology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. Adulterants like extraneous water, hydrogen peroxide, starch and urea were detected in market milk samples of both areas of Hyderabad city. Extraneous water was found as a main adulterant in all the market milk samples (100%) of both areas. The data revealed that 40% of total market milk samples collected from Hyderabad city were adulterated with hydrogen peroxide, 30% with starch and 25% samples with urea. Among the market milk samples collected from surrounding areas of Hyderabad, 15% samples were adulterated with starch and 10% samples with each hydrogen peroxide and urea. Chemical characteristics like total solids, fat, total protein, casein, lactose and ash contents of market milk were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of control milk. It is concluded from the study that all the market milk samples did not meet the required compositional quality accepted as standard. These adulterants have strong potential to degrade the quality of milk, thus the milk is not suitable for human consumption.


The occurrence of cutaneous reactions after herpes zoster infection is a well-known dermatological phenomenon: granuloma annulare, sarcoidal granuloma, tuberculoid granuloma, granulomatous vasculitis, lymphoma, pseudolymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, fungal infections, and leishmaniasis have been recorded. We report 7 cases in which different degrees of postherpetic comedogenesis occurred. Report of Cases. After the first 2 patients who developed comedones in the area of previous herpes zoster infection were casually observed, the routine follow-up of herpes zoster included a specific assessment of follicular plugging. In a 2-year survey, 7 of 36 patients (25 female and 11 male) who consulted for a herpes zoster or a postherpetic dermatosis were found to develop comedones in the area of the previous herpes zoster eruption. Clinical data from these 7 patients (6 women and 1 man) are summarized in the Table . The diagnosis of herpes zoster infection was initially established by a dermatologist in 4 cases and treated


Centrifugal blower used extensively for boiler applications have high noise levels. The noise produced by a rotating component is mainly due to random loading force on the impeller blades. It is important to recognize that the design of any machine is an interdisciplinary process, involving aerodynamics, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, stress analysis, vibration analysis, the selection of materials, and the requirements for manufacturing. Though centrifugal fans have been developed as highly efficient machines, design is still based on various empirical and semi empirical rules proposed by fan designers. Further the scope of work was extended towards performance evaluation of unified design along with comparative assessment of centrifugal fans. A multi-disciplinary approach to evaluate existing fan systems design for root causes of overall vibration problems and development of methods to solve them. To optimize impeller which holds the advantage over right now no matter for its process features or mechanical properties. At last, proposing a rationalize design such that, its natural frequency are far away from the basic frequency of the fan. The modeling of the blower and impeller was done by using solid modeling software, CATIA V5 R19. It is proposed to design a blower with Aluminum, analyze its strength and deformation using FEM software.


In our continuing look at the highlights of this year's annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Oct. 15 to 18, we look now to new courses and offerings, practice management, a special program for young ophthalmologists, and new advances in technology that will benefit ophthalmic patients.


A snapshot, multi-band imaging pyrometer was developed for two-dimensional, high-temperature measurements. The multi-band pyrometer is composed of a plenoptic camera and a continuous wavelength filter (450 nm–850 nm), located at the aperture plane of the primary imaging lens. A microlens array forms micro-images of the color filter with a resulting spectral resolution of approximately 25 nm per pixel. A wavelength calibration method was developed to use eight narrow-band light-emitting diodes at discrete wavelengths with sub-pixel wavelength location determined using a weighted intensity centroid algorithm. Temperature calibration was conducted using a graphite block as a gray-body radiator placed in a box furnace with controlled temperatures of 600 ∘C–1100 ∘C. Temperature is estimated at each microlens location using the spectral pyrometry method, which reduces the dependency of the measurement on a priori knowledge of material emissivity. Simulated data with Gaussian noise demonstrates reduced uncertainty at higher temperatures and larger bit-depths. Experimental measurements with a heated graphite block demonstrated accuracy within the uncertainty bounds of a reference thermocouple (±0.75%). In addition, validation experiments were conducted in the more dynamic environments of a strand burner and a solidifying copper pool, which contain high-temperature, moving particles and phase dependent emissivity, respectively. The addition of alumina particles to solid fuel produced an expected increase of over 400 ∘C that was measured by both a multi-band imaging pyrometer and a thermocouple. The pyrometer demonstrated the ability to measure temperatures for liquid and solid phases of copper simultaneously with temperature accuracy better than 5%, despite larger differences in material emissivity.


This research is on optimizing energy consumption in schools in Jordan. Classrooms are addressed; since they consume the largest part of energy, comfort and well-being of students are the main objectives pursued in the educational environment. The objective is to conclude optimum solutions for minimum energy demand, taking into consideration the provision of a thermally comfortable environment inside. Building performance simulation (using DesignBuilder® software) [DesignBuilder®. n.d. Thermal Simulation Software, USA. Accessed February 12, 2011. http://www.designbuildersoftware.com] was used to support design optimization and to conduct numerical comparisons between different cases for all proposed study parameters. Two basic orientations were experimented in this research, while the other two skewed orientations would be experimented in a subsequent research. In the research, 108 model runs were simulated, experimenting the effect of (1) window-to-wall area ratio, (2) window panes, (3) shading devices and (4) building envelope insulation on energy savings, when compared to the conventional base case design. Conclusions provided an Energy Use Index for energy consumption optimization, and recommendations were given to establish a regulatory base for minimum design criteria requirements for school buildings' main facades, in order to reduce energy demand and provide indoor thermal comfort, for hot arid climates.


In the fourth industrial revolution era, the world is focusing on digital technologies. The development of this technology has forced the Government to meet the needs of all people. Meeting this need requires state intervention that aims to balance the interests of the Creator with the interests of society and the State itself. The interests of the Creator are the protection given by the State to a copyrighted work. This protection is essential to encourage creative people's interest in innovation, which is expected to provide shows that are entertaining, educational, and capable of educating all Indonesian people. This protection also makes a copyrighted work of economic value to every Creator. The problems discussed are how to regulate Copyright in Indonesia, regulate broadcasting rights in Indonesia, and legal protection provided by the Government to related rights to television broadcasts without permission in Decision Number 34/Pdt.Sus-HKI/COPYRIGHT/2019/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst .The research method uses juridical law research methods. This research is a descriptive analysis that reveals. The results of study show that has been done, legal protection of the exclusive rights of creators of phonogram broadcasters seems to have been regulated in Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright.


We dene scattering data for the Newton equation in an electromagnetic eld ( r V;B)2 C 1 (R n ;R n ) C 1 (R n ;An(R)), n 2, that decay at innity like r 1 for some 2 (0; 1], where An(R) is the space of n n antisymmetric matrices. We provide their high energies asymptotics and we prove, in particular, that the scattering data at high energies uniquely determine the short range part of (rV;B) up to the knowledge of the long range part of (rV;B). Other asymptotic regimes are also considered. This paper extends similar results for a short range force eld [Jollivet, 2009] or for a long range electric (or gravitational) eld [Jollivet, 2013].


This study examined middle school students' perceptions of calculator use in the classroom. Through autobiographies and group interviews, the students expressed what they thought about how calculators are used and how they should be used. Calculators have been a topic of interest for many years now but with the advent of the modern computer, the calculator debate has been pushed to the sidelines. However, the question of how calculators should be used is constantly disputed. Some people believe calculators prevent the learning of the basics while others feel that calculators help students probe deeper into problems. This study addresses these concerns from the eyes of eight grade 8 students in middle school and attempts to answer the question: What do middle school students say about how calculators are used and should be used? The findings were based on individual opinion and experiences of students within the study. In summary, the majority of students gave positive feedback towards the use of calculators within the math class. However, there were some concerns regarding basic skills (such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) that were voiced as well. The students favoured calculator use as a tool in the math class as long as there was already a firm grasp of basic skills. Irrefutably, more time and a greater understanding of calculators by teachers will help students make the choice to use this tool effectively.


The current industrial practice in design of the injected pultrusion (IP) process involves costly trial and error procedures, hitherto unavoidable in the absence of established process models. Even for well understood processes, economic design has traditionally used steady-state physical models, separately followed by control system synthesis using simpler dynamic models. This work describes the development of a rigorous model-based design algorithm for the IP process by integration of economics, operability, and environmental considerations. In our previous work, a 3D dynamic physical model of the IP process was experimentally validated on a bench-scale setup. Using this validated model, we can now reduce the time and expenses associated with a purely experimental approach. An understanding of processing economics leads to throughput rate maximization as the desired economic objective. We develop a multiobjective optimization algorithm that maximizes this objective function, using a response surface methodology with iterative meshing to determine optimal equipment specifications (die dimensions, puller ratings) and processing condition parameters (heating zone temperatures, resin injection pressure). Retrofit design of the bench-scale setup promised a tenfold increase in throughput rate. Calculation of theoretical limit on throughput rates from intrinsic resin cure kinetics supported this finding. Various metrics were proposed to evaluate quality of design in a distributed-parameter sense. Sensitivity studies verified that the economic optimum is also robust to a wide range of expected process disturbances. An analysis of process instrumentation revealed the need for additional measurements. We propose resin flow-rate and cutting force measurements for void and cure sensing respectively. This research is a first step to the integration of design and control for a complex multiphase process using a single dynamic physical model. The integration offers several benefits over current design practices, and highlights the potential for increased productivity in polymer composites manufacturing.


Background: Redox of (Hb) is augmented by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to boost immune defense. Results: Computational analysis of Hb identified LPS-binding hotspots, which were further defined via peptide-based binding assays and confirmed by mutagenesis of Hb subunits. Conclusion: Regions of Hb which interact with LPS have been delineated. Significance: Knowledge of LPS-binding residues on Hb may be exploited for designing antimicrobial peptides.