A phase‐field model is applied to the simulation of microsegregation and microstructure formation during the solidification of multicomponent alloys. The results of the one‐dimensional numerical simulations show good agreement with those from the Clyne–Kurz equation. Phase‐field simulations of non‐isothermal dendrite growth are examined. Two‐dimensional computation results exhibit different dendrites in multicomponent alloys for different solute concentrations. Changes in carbon concentration appear to affect dendrite morphology. This is due to a larger concentration and a lower equilibrium partition coefficient for carbon. On the other hand, changes in phosphorus concentration affect the dendrites and interface velocity in multicomponent alloys during solidification when phosphorus content is increased from 10−3 mol% P. With additional manganese, the solidification kinetics slow down; dendrite morphology, however, is not affected. The potential of the phase‐field model for applications pertaining to solidification has been demonstrated through the simulations herein.


Previous work at Warwick has established that heat transfer within an active carbon adsorbent bed can be improved dramatically by the use of a monolithic carbon—aluminium laminate. Experimental results are presented which illustrate the excellent effective conductivity. However, the system tested did not achieve its full potential due to heat transfer problems external to the bed. Heating is achieved by condensing steam on the generators at up to 140°C and cooling by boiling water down to 40°C. This should have achieved rapid heating and cooling but two problems were encountered. Firstly, the complete system was physically complex with many valves, joints etc. and it proved difficult to prevent air leaking in to the sub-atmospheric section where it degraded the cooling performance. Secondly, the thermal mass of the shell and flanges surrounding the generators (needed to contain steam at 10 bar) presented an unacceptably high thermal load that had to be taken through the full temperature swing of each cycle. The external heating and cooling system is being completely redesigned to eliminate these problems. Rather than using the same working fluid to both heat and cool the generators, two separate thermosyphon heat pipe fluids are used in heating and cooling. This reduces the number of switching valves from ten vacuum-sealed ball valves costing £200 each to four solenoid valves costing £5 each. The massive flanges are no longer needed, since the thermosyphon heat pipes are simple tubes. Water will be used in the heating thermosyphons and pentane in the cooling thermosyphons.


Objective To determine whether perioperative transfusion of as little as one unit of packed red blood cells in the operating room or the day after surgery is associated with measurably increased odds for perioperative ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Design Retrospective cohort study of hospital administrative data. Setting 346 hospitals in the United States participating in the claims based Premier Perspective database from 1 January 2009 to 31 March 2012. Participants 1 583 819 adults who underwent non-cardiac, non-intracranial, non-vascular surgery and required a stay of at least one night in hospital and did not receive packed red blood cells on days two to seven after surgery. Intervention Transfusion of packed red blood cells on the day of surgery or one day after by exposure categories (none or one, two, three or four or more units). Main outcome measures The composite outcome of stroke/myocardial infarction was defined as ischemic stroke, ST elevation myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation during index admission or as a primary diagnosis for readmission within 30 days. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation were included as a surrogate for myocardial infarction. Results 41 421 (2.6%) patients received at least one unit of packed red blood cells within 48 hours of surgery, and 8044 (0.51%) experienced the composite outcome of stroke/myocardial infarction. Patients who were transfused were older, more likely to be women, and had more comorbid disease. Hierarchical logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities and demographics with random effects by hospital showed that transfusion of as little as one unit was associated with an odds ratio of 2.33 (95% confidence interval 1.90 to 2.86) for perioperative stroke/myocardial infarction, and the odds of stroke/myocardial infarction markedly increased with transfusion of four or more units. Subgroup analysis limiting the cohort to one of several common surgical procedures, excluding those who received two or more units, or excluding who received transfusion on postoperative day one showed substantially similar results, as did a matched propensity score analysis. Two methods of modeling unmeasured confounders suggest an odds ratio of >10 with imbalance of up to 47% between patients who did and did not receive transfusion would be required to invalidate our results. Conclusions A perioperative transfusion of one unit of packed red blood cells is associated with increased odds of perioperative ischemic stroke and/or myocardial infarction, even after adjustment for a wide range of factors in our data and despite extensive sensitivity analyses.


The effect of the addition of the nano size powder on the microstructurte and superconducting properties of YBCO thin film deposited on LAO single crystalline substrate by TFA-MOD method was studied. Nano size powder was added to the stoichiometric precursor solution with a cation ratio of Y : Ba . Cu = 1 : 2 : 3 prepared using TFA as chelating agent. Precursor solutions with and without addition were coated on single crystalline substrates by dip coating method. Calcination and conversion heat treatments were performed in controlled atmosphere containing moisture Current carrying capacity(Jc) of YBCO film was enhanced about 50% by doping and it is thought to be due to the better connectivity of YBCO grains and/or the flux pinning by the particles embedded in YBCO grains.


Introduction: In our recent study, aging-induced arterial stiffening was gradually decreased by aerobic exercise. Furthermore, circulating level of adropin, a regulator of endothelial nitric oxide,...


Macbeth Presented by Seattle Shakespeare Company at Center House Theatre, Seattle, Washington. March 26–April 8, 2007. Directed by Russ Banham. Set by Jennifer Lupton. Costumes by Heidi Ganser. Lighting by Tim Wratten. Sound by Dave Pascal. Fights by Gordon Carpenter. With Hans Altwies (Macbeth), John Bogar (A Captain, Banquo, the Porter, a Murderer), Gordon Carpenter (Duncan, Macduff, a Witch, a Murderer), Jennifer Sue Johnson (Lady Macbeth, Fleance, a Nun, Young Seyward, a Witch), Leslie Law (Rosse, Lady Macduff, a Witch), and Taylor Maxwell (Malcolm, a Witch, a Servant, a Murderer).


The composition named Marduk's Address to the Demons appears in Tablet 11 of the Utukkū Lemnūtu ("Evil Demons") incantation series, which was standardized as a 16-tablet compilation by the first millennium Bc. The enduring appeal of the series as a whole is evident from Late Babylonian tablet copies from libraries in Sippar, Borsippa, Uruk, and Babylon, as well as quotations from its Lunar Eclipse Myth (Tablet 16) in ritual texts from Seleucid Uruk.1 An examination of the textual history of


Rough set theory is emerging as a powerful tool for dealing with vagueness and uncertainty of facts,which has important applications to artificial intelligence and cognitive science. In order to process incomplete information systems, the classical rough set theory needs to be extended. Now there are several extensions,such as tolerance rela- tion,similarity relation,and limited tolerance relation. Unfortunately,these extensions have their own limitation. In this paper,set-pair αsimilarity limited tolerance relation is defined by introducing set-pair analysis ideas. A new ex- tension of rough set based on set-pair αsimilarity limited tolerance relation is presented. Not only does the extension reserve the advantage of limited tolerance relation,but also its nexibility has been increased by adjusting the value of the similarity α,while its accuracy is also guaranteed. By an example,it is verified that it is more effective than the previous extensions in practice


Read in Section of Ophthalmology, Otology and Laryngology of the American Medical Association, May, 1884. In 1875 we made a series of experiments on the perception of "Musical Tones by the Human Ear." Before giving the writer's experiments in detail it will be proper to state the results obtained by other observers. The discrepancy, in our opinion, can only be accounted for in three ways. First, variations in the sound conducting portion of the auditory apparatus; second, defect, original or acquired, in the perceptive portion, and third, want of cultivation. "Savart" fixed the lowest limit of the human ear for musical sounds at eight complete vibrations a second, by means of a toothed wheel and an associated counter, and the highest limit at twenty-four thousand vibrations. "Helmholtz" has fixed the lowest limit at sixteen vibrations and the highest at thirty-eight thousand. "Vierordt" gives the highest tone as forty-eight thousand, and


Welfare spending continues to garner a bigger chunk of the national budget in Korea. This has become a key economic issue attracting much public attention. Fiscal conservatives call for tighter controls on welfare spending, while some are calling for greater welfare spending in order to temper the effects of economic polarization. In this context, this paper analyzes relation between level of welfare spending and economic growth and proposes some conditions to create welfare system in favor of economic growth. Beyond quantitative analyses, the paper reviews reforms in welfare policy in Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Netherlands in order to understand how these countries have reacted to domestic and external challenges in their welfare system. Through economic analysis and case studies, the paper draws following policy implications for Korea. First, it is necessary to maximize existing welfare policy, but also develop ways to raise taxes in a growth-friendly manner. Second, it is highly recommended to create an atmosphere conducive to policy innovation. Third, it is necessary to establish growth-oriented welfare regimes with a special focus on strengthening human capital and employment rates.


Economists have traditionally repudiated power from the theorization of the firm, shedding light on the amorphous and tautological character of this concept. Therefore, power could not contribute to the productive efficiency of an economic organization. Power is supposed to result exclusively from contract failures. On the contrary, we think that economists have to revisit the theory of the firm from a power perspective. In this article, the objective is triple. First of all, an original theoretical framework of power relationships, which takes into account organization theory, is proposed in order to fill the conceptual vacuum left by the theorists of the firm. Then, it is argued that power represents the methodological key needed by economists to analyze the emergence of intra-firm cooperation and collective social identity. Lastly, the focus is on the analysis of inter-firm cooperation to put forward the cohesive role of power in the genesis of the network-firm.


A self-organizing neural network is used to achieve color image segmentation and image data compression, with an adaptive codebook for faster training. Neural network architectures are well-suited to high speed processing because they are massively parallel. By adding an external threshold decision, a compression network can build its codebook adaptively and therefore speed the compression process. A 24-bit color image is compressed to 6.39 bit with virtually no visual degradation.<<ETX>>


Calculating the expected spin configuration of the chain consisting of Ferrum atoms interacting with each other through exchange interaction is fundamentally a configuration optimization problem. Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm is a suitable candidate to configure such systems on a quantum device. In this work we have considered Ferrum chains of three different lengths and calculated their most-probable spin configurations using Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm. We employed a Quantum Feed Forward Neural Network as the optimizer of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm. We have successfully obtained the expected spin configuration for the longest Ferrum Chain.


A high gain, ultra-low-power mixer in 45 nm standard CMOS process is presented. The mixer is designed by using coupling capacitors across drain-gate of the transconductance stages. The proposed mixer achieves a conversion gain of 18.5 dB and noise-figure of 19.2 dB at LO power of 0 dBm. The mixer achieves 14.5 dBm IIP3 and −16.2 dB $\mathbf{P}_{1dB}$ for RF signal of 5.9 GHz. Operating at 0.4 V supply, the mixer consumes 170 $\mu \mathbf{W}$ power for RF frequencies of 2.4-5.9 GHz. The layout area of mixer core is 0.0046 mm2. Post-layout simulations demonstrate that the proposed design achieves a very high figure-of-merit when compared to other state-of-the-art down-conversion CMOS mixers.


ABSTRACT The authors investigate how patterns of heritage and mainstream cultural identification and acculturative stress may explain how Iranians living in Malaysia demonstrate enhanced creativity in creative achievements and creative problem-solving. The sample included 328 Iranian students who were recruited using a cluster sampling method. The results reveal that acculturative strategies (biculturalism, bicultural integration, or bicultural marginalisation) are associated with enhanced creativity. Specifically, strategies that involve disengaging from cultural practices, also referred to as marginalisation, are associated with creative achievements and finding creative solutions to problems. Moreover, heritage cultural identification mediated the relationship between culture shock and creative solution. That is, students who experienced culture shock in the mainstream culture relied on their cultural heritage knowledge and showed decline in their ability to solve a problem creatively. The findings illuminate how creative accomplishment and enhanced creativity potential may be linked to acculturation strategies.


In the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, around the city of Thanjavur, there are a group of small temples belonging to the Nayak period ( c . early XVII century)1. They are not very well known, mainly because of their scarce artistic relevance. However some of these temples house interesting sculptures, as in the case of Raja Gopalaswamy and Sivendra temples, located not very far from the city and both dedicated to the god Visnu. They are placed within the same sacred area, delimited by a massive rectangular wall. Access to the sacred area is, as usual, through a tall gopura. Raja Gopalaswamy temple consists of a mandapa and a square vimana preceded by a vestibule (< antarala ). A flat roof, surrounded by a doubleeave moulding {kapota), covers most of the shrine except for the portion overhanging the vimana , where the crowning superstructure rises. Three diminishing tiers {tala) adorned by barrel-vaulted elements {sala) sustain a dome-shaped stkhara topped by a pinnacle {stupi). The vimana portion of the semi rectangular main body of the temple is cadenced with pilastered niches a typically Southern architectural featurethat once must have contained deities. At the rear of the Raja Gopalaswamy temple there is the Sivendra temple, consisting only of a rectangular hall, carved out from the rock. As I've said above, both temples house some interesting sculptures, nine in total, belonging to the Nayak period. All the works reproduce the same iconography with slight variations, namely a standing male deity in grey-black stone (h. 1 m) set on a small pltha of various forms and size (figg. 1, 2, 3). In seven of these sculptures, the deity has


Objective
To explore the influence of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway on invasive and migratory ability of pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1, and further investigate the molecule mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages'promotion in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy adults by density gradient centrifugation, and treated with IL-4 to obtain M2 in vitro. Expression of PI3K and Akt was evaluated by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The ability of cellular invasion and migration was assessed by transwell chamber assay and wound healing assay.

Results
To simulate pancreatic cancer microenvironment, we co-cultured pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells and Ua or M2. The mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Akt were remarkably increased analyzing by qRT-PCR and western blotting. In addition, transwell chamber assays and wound healing assays revealed that alternatively activated macrophages significantly promoted the invasion and migration of PANC-1 cells in 20 h.

Conclusion
Tumor-associated macrophages may promote invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Key words:
Pancreatic cancer; Tumor-associated macrophages; PI3K; Akt; Invasion and migration


In human-human communications, especially in face-to-face communication, sub-verbal and non-verbal messages have more importance than messages transported by words in communications. On the other hand, in traditional man-machine interfaces, machines only understand pre-defined operations, and never understand operators' sub-verbal and non-verbal messages. This causes some difficulty of machine usability. Grasping-and-moving are fundamental hand operations necessary for performing tasks using modern man-machine interfaces. However, behavioral information associated with grasping, such as force, posture, etc., has not been utilized for traditional interfaces. Although behavioral information should have potential utility in developing task-adaptive and operator-adaptive interfaces; it is known that how people grasp devices is dependent on the purpose of these tasks. As an example of typical pointing devices, This work describes a computer mouse whose approaching speed, or gain, is adjusted depending on the nature of the task. This work suggests that the grasping-and-moving tasks should consist of two phases. The first or approaching phase is when the operator moves the mouse pointer close to the target with a small grasping force. The second or positioning phase follows when the operator makes a fine adjustment of the pointer to locate it within the target area using a larger grasping force. This proposed new computer mouse has a sensor to detect the operator's grasping force and uses it to control the gain of the mouse. Two sets of experiments were conducted; one for confirming the assumption that the grasping force should be small while approaching the target and large while positioning, and the other for confirming that the proposed mouse should be effective in reducing the time necessary for pointing various kinds of objects.


The accepted working definition of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), derived from the Second International Conference on Causes of Sudden Death in Infants held in Seattle in 1969. is 'The sudden death of any infant or young child, which is unexpected by history, and in which a thorough post-mortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause for death'.' Sudden infant death syndrome has a variable incidence in different communities, usually ranging from 1 to 4 per 1000 live births. It is the largest single cause of death in the age group from 1 week to 1 year, is more common in lower socio-economic groups and during the winter months, and has a bias towards low birthweight infants, those born prematurely and males and infants born to single mothers. Maternal risk factors include young age, history of smoking, high parity and short interpregnancy intervals. Other risk factors include maternal opiate or barbiturate abuse, infection during pregnancy and high birth order. Further epidemiological features have been summarized in recent rev iew~.~~3 In spite of an extraordinary amount of world-wide research in recent years it has not been possible to find a unifying concept that can satisfactorily explain the cause of this enigmatic disorder4 It has been suggested that SlDS represents the end point of a heterogeneous group of interrelated predisposing factors, rather than a single disease en tit^.^-^ Failure to appreciate this heterogeneity has led some workers, who have discovered a condition that has presented clinically and pathologically as SIDS, to suggest that an identical mechanism must be responsible for most other SlDS cases. Alternatively, other authors have asked whether SlDS represents a diagnosis at all, or is just a 'convenient diagnostic dustbin' that suits the very different needs and purposes of clinicians, pathologists, parents, public health authorities and researchers alike! The following review of current theories demonstrates the wide range of aetiological factors that have been under consideration recently in infants who have died suddenly and unexpectedly and who appear pathologically unremarkable at autopsy. Hypotheses must account for the consistent age range of SlDS victims and the other epidemiological features such


Abstract The authors are presenting a case reflecting the evolution of an infected patient representing the source and, at the same time, one of the first severe cases of SARS-COV2 in Romania, burdened by a dragging and difficult evolution both by the nature of a newly identified infection, with real treatment deficiencies, and by deliberate omission of ethical aspects. There was a delay and were considerable difficulties in establishing the diagnosis, the evolution of the disease, along with some other consequences like an increase in the risk of transmitting the infection – a vicious cycle that otherwise could have been interrupted much earlier.


Image Compression is a mechanism in which we can reduce the memory space of images which will helpful to increase storage, transmit and rebuild the images without any loss of information. Basically, Image compression is the function of data compression technique on digital images. One of the best image compression techniques is performed by wavelet technique. In this research, Walsh discrete wavelet transform are used to perform the transform of a test image. In this thesis, we show Daubechies wavelet-based "An Elevation of Image Compression Techniques". The quantitative comparison is constructed using PSNR and the qualitative comparison is made using the Daubechies family (db2-d10) and Compression ratio factor through the quantization factor values (.05-.5). Keywords—Image compression, PSNR, Walsh Wavelet, Wavelet family, MATLAB.


The article briefly analyzes the concept of «consumer behavior» theoretically and characterizes it's main types: «individualists», «innovators», «fashionistas», «traditionalists», «conservatives», «situativists», «indifferents». A number of factors through which religion affects consumer behavior are substantiated. The peculiarities of the external (extrinsic) and internal (intrinsic) religious orientations are revealed. The purpose of the research is formulated – to investigate empirically and interpret theoretically the predicted relationships between types of consumer behavior and features of personal religiosity (external and internal). Based on the results of the research, it was established that indicators of both extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity of the respondents are to the greatest extent interconnected with the tendency to demonstrate psychological features of the «Innovator» type. It was found that extrinsic religious orientation is more unambiguous in terms of explained correlations with various types of consumer behavior. As it was empirically proved, in this context extrinsic religiosity is completely «individualistic» and «situational», as well as mostly «innovative» and «fashion-oriented»; instead, intrinsic religiosity has a contradictory system of correlations with manifestations of major types of consumer behavior. In connection with the obtained results, the prospects for further research are determined, related, in particular, to the additional study of the internal homogeneity of the intrinsic items of the «Religious Orientation Scale» by G. Allport and J. Ross.


Public transport pricing is an important tool for effective policy implementation in urban transport systems. Development of possible solutions, for a simple big scale operator (i.e. underground), each one depending both on the objective pursued and on the conditions restraining the range of possible fare structures.


ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE, CLOUDS, AND CLIMATE FORCINGNASA Contract NAGW-3735Steven J. GhanAtmospheric Sciences GroupBattelle Pacific Northwest LaboratoryRichland WA 99352submitted toKenneth H. BergmanGlobal Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis ProgramEarth System Modeling and Global Analysis BranchCode YSENASA HeadquartersWashington, DC 20546-0001February 21, 1997


Through making soybean powder separately by spray drying and freeze drying,the secondary structure of soybean protein was determined by infrared spectroscopy.Comparing with the original sample,the results showed that spray drying which had no protect measures could make soybean protein excess denature,as a result the protein lost its gel ability;while freeze drying leave soybean protein still had well gel ability because of its moderate denature.


Since antiquity figures have been widely studied within the framework of rhetoric, although contemporary rhetoric has tended to disregard their importance and relegate their study to the domain of literary criticism. However, since the 1980s, there has been a renewed interest in figurative language not only in literary studies, but also in other fields of research. Indeed, research on figuration has emerged as a new and distinct discipline, namely figurative language studies. However, within this framework, metaphor and irony have received the greatest attention, while other non-literal forms have been largely ignored. This is certainly the case of hyperbole, a long neglected trope despite its ubiquity in discourse. The present study aims to make a contribution to the literature on exaggeration and so by extension to figurative language theories in general.
Not all aspects of figuration have attracted equal interest among researchers. With a few exceptions, most attention has been directed at explaining how figures are comprehended, given their non-literal nature. In contrast to understanding, the question of production has been largely ignored. Similarly, although the reception process, in terms of understanding, has been widely studied, almost no attention has been devoted to listeners responses to figures and their collaboration in a joint construction of non-literal frames.
Rather than addressing comprehension, this study concentrates on the production process and usage of exaggeration, since these fields of research have been largely ignored in the literature on the subject. It aims to provide a general framework for the description and understanding of hyperbole in interaction, mainly from a production viewpoint but without totally disregarding the reception process, since special attention is devoted to the interactive dimension of exaggeration. This aim is formulated in terms of the following objectives:
Objective 1: to provide an adequate definition of the notion of hyperbole; to list the criteria for identifying the trope so that non-exaggerated uses of expressions can be excluded.
Objective 2: to set up a classification of overstated items according to semantic field, grammatical category, auxesis or meiosis, and interactivity with other figures.
Objective 3: to explore the long neglected production process of hyperbole, both in terms of usage and functions.
Objective 4: to examine the interactive nature of the trope, as an activity collaboratively constructed between speaker and hearer, by studying listeners reactions and their own further contributions to overstatement.
As for the theoretical framework, this study combines pragmatic and conversational-analytical methods with a corpus-based approach to the study of hyperbole. Exaggeration is a purely pragmatic phenomenon since it is entirely dependent on context. On the other hand, since overstatements are not one-off but complex lexico-grammatical items, they need to be examined within the constraints of placement, sequencing and turn-taking of conversational analysis. Finally, a major benefit of corpus-based research, only recently applied to the study of figures, is that it grounds its theorising on empirical observation rather than linguistic intuition. Besides, the use of corpora grants certain benefits, such as the use of naturalistic data, automatic access to context, evidence of interactivity and hyperbolic cues, wide coverage of genres, etc.
The data examined consists of naturalistic spoken texts, totalling 52,000 words, extracted from the British National Corpus. The focus is on oral discourse, since not a great amount of research exists into everyday spoken hyperbole. The bulk of research has been conducted in written language or relies on artificial and elicited data. The aim was to demonstrate that although traditionally relegated to the literary text, hyperboles are rather ubiquitous strategies in everyday language. This idea adheres to a prevailing view among figurative language researchers, namely that cognition is partly figurative.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
RESUMEN
El lenguaje figurado ha sido, desde antiguo, ampliamente estudiado en el marco de la retorica. Mas recientemente, las figuras retoricas parecen haber despertado un nuevo interes en otras disciplinas. De hecho, dichos estudios estan empezando ya a ser considerados como una disciplina en si: las teorias del lenguaje figurado. Dentro de este marco, metafora e ironia han sido ampliamente estudiadas y como consecuencia de su estudio intensivo, otras figuras han sido marginadas. Este es el caso de la hiperbole, figura retorica largo tiempo olvidada a pesar de su ubicuidad y tradicionalmente relegada al dominio de la critica literaria.
El presente estudio, en lugar de examinar el proceso de comprension, se centra en la produccion y uso de la exageracion, temas escasamente tratados en la literatura existente. Intenta proporcionar un marco general para la descripcion y comprension de la hiperbole en la interaccion, principalmente desde el punto de vista de la produccion, pero sin descartar del todo el proceso de recepcion, dado que su dimension interactiva como figura creada conjuntamente entre hablante y oyente cobra especial relevancia. Dicho proposito se materializa en los siguientes objetivos:
Objetivo 1: proporcionar una definicion adecuada de la nocion de exageracion que nos permita diferenciarla de figuras afines y excluir los usos no exagerados de las expresiones.
Objetivo 2: clasificar los elementos hiperbolicos de acuerdo con los siguientes parametros: campo semantico, categoria gramatical, auxesis o meiosis, e interaccion con otras figuras.
Objetivo 3: explorar el descuidado proceso de produccion de la figura en terminos de uso y funcion.
Objetivo 4: examinar la naturaleza interactiva del tropo, como actividad conjunta entre hablante y oyente, mediante el estudio de las respuestas y demas contribuciones del receptor al acto hiperbolico del hablante.
Este estudio fusiona tres tipos de enfoque: pragmatica, analisis conversacional y linguistica de corpus, a la hora de estudiar la exageracion en el discurso oral, dado que son escasos los estudios de esta figura en el habla cotidiana. El corpus examinado abarca unas 52.000 palabras y es una seleccion de textos orales extraidos del British National Corpus.


An ideal and complete"line invisibility" design method is presented, which is based on the experience accumulated in design and practical process of more than ten years and with the intention of improvement of computer room environment. It has been applied in many practical projects. It is demonstrated that it has an excellent effect.


The invention relates to a collecting agent for iron ores and particularly relates to a reverse-flotation normal-temperature collecting agent and a preparation method thereof. The collecting agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of N,N-diacetoxyl decylamine, 40-60 parts of chloro lauric acid and 20 parts of sodium hydroxide. The reverse-flotation normal-temperature collecting agent has the advantages that the collecting activity is also achieved when the temperature of cold water is 18-25 DEG C at room temperature, so that the collecting agent is especially applicable to flotation of fine-granule refractory iron ores with 60%-65% of particles with the feeding granularity being less than 38 microns.


This article is the second part of a two-part article on communication-failure-resilient architecture for distributed operation and control in smart grids with hybrid producer/consumer (prosumer) agents. Part I of this article proposed the distributed architecture and algorithmic development, while this Part II provides the corresponding algorithmic implementation, technical requirements, practical applications, and simulations. We propose a general and scalable framework for implementing resilient distributed frequency regulation (DFR) on large-scale prosumer-based power grids, such as utilities, where each prosumer represents a frequency control area. We first develop a method to obtain quasi-steady state models of prosumers from the dynamic models of generators, loads, and power lines. This model allows demonstrating the dynamic evolution of prosumers under normal conditions and during communication failures. Next, we propose a framework to implement the resilient DFR algorithm on prosumer power grids. We show that under normal conditions prosumers need to solely communicate with their neighbors to obtain optimal control actions. But, during communication failures, prosumers need to extend the communication hops to maintain system-wide stability as well as fair power sharing. The resilient DFR algorithm is demonstrated on two real-world, large-scale power grids and the results show that it can indeed complement and enhance today's Automatic Generation Control systems.


Purpose To investigate the clinical utility of choroidal quantitative assessment associated with the presence of macular neovascularization (MNV) or atrophy in high myopia. Methods The study was designed as a retrospective case series with two-year follow-up. We measured choroidal thickness (CT) and the presence and subtype of dome-shaped macula (DSM). In DSM eyes we also calculated the presence and type of choroidal deepening (CD). The eyes were categorized as Subgroup 1 (high myopia without complications), Subgroup 2 (high myopia complicated by MNV), and Subgroup 3 (high myopia complicated by macular or posterior pole atrophy). Main outcome measures were the detection of significant CT cutoffs associated with the three subgroups of eyes and the clinical impact of DSM and CD subtypes. Results Our cohort (190 eyes affected by high myopia) was categorized as Subgroup 1 (66 eyes), Subgroup 2 (72 eyes) and Subgroup 3 (52 eyes). Baseline CT values allowed to separate the subgroups with myopic-related complications (area under the curve = 0.85; P < 0.05). In Subgroup 1, vertical DSM was the most frequent (54%), with CD absence characterizing the 46% of cases. Round DSM was the most represented subtype in Subgroup 2 (49%), with 55% of sub-dome CD subtypes; in these cases, MNV resulted always localized in the fovea. Subgroup 3 equally shown horizontal or vertical DSM (53% and 47%, respectively), with 80% of cases showing peri-dome CD. Conclusions Choroidal quantitative assessment can categorize three high myopia subgroups. MNV subgroup is characterized by intermediate choroidal thinning and higher prevalence of round DSM with sub-dome CD.


ZnO, MgO, and GeO2 nanowires were successfully synthesized by simply heating the desired metal powder to a temperature above its melting point in a flow of mixed gases (20% O2, 80% Ar, with the total flow rate of 120 sccm). Transmission electron microscopy observations show that as-synthesized products are exclusively nanowires, structurally uniform and single crystalline. The same technique was used to fabricate arrays of ZnO nanowires on silicon substrates, which would be of particular interest for direct integration in the current silicon-technology-based optoelectronic devices. Based on our experimental results, a metal self-catalytic growth mechanism was proposed and described conceptually. Because of the absence of impurities such as transition metal or noble metal throughout the whole growth process, the intrinsic properties of the resulting metal oxide nanowires could be expressed and utilized. And with in-depth understanding of the growth mechanism, our method could be efficient and controllable in extension to many other low-melting-point metals, such as Al, In, and Sn, for the synthesis of corresponding metal oxide nanostructures.


A thin nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon layer is elaborately introduced into the Pt/C surface to not only inhibit migration and dissolution of Pt nanoparticles, but also impart activity to the integral catalyst without blocking the inner Pt catalytic active sites. The corrosion of the carbon support can also be alleviated due to the outer graphitic coverage.


The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, ASTER, is an international project: the instrument was supplied by Japan's Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry and is flying on NASA's Terra satellite. ASTER has 14 spectral bands: three in the visible-near infrared (VNIR), six in the shortwave infrared (SWIR), and five in the thermal infrared (TIR). In addition there is a 15-meter along-track stereo capability, allowing creation of accurate DEMs. Images are 60 x 60 km in size, and the repeat cycle is 16 days or less. ASTER was launched in December 1 , and since then has acquired over 1,300,000 images of the land surface.


Introduction Traumatic retropharyngeal hematoma is rare, but can be lethal, if not identified and managed promptly. It isclinically important because of the close proximity of the retropharyngeal space to the upper airway. Case report A case of upper airway obstruction in a 75 year old man due to a large retropharyngeal hematoma following minor injury to neckis presented.Progressive dysphagia, hoarseness and dyspnoea developed over time. Emergency tracheostomy and subsequent surgical drainage was performed. Conclusion Retropharyngeal hematoma is a rare but potentially lethal problem that can be faced in an emergency department. Clinicians should be alert to the potential occurrence of this cause of acute or delayed airway collapse. Thus, an awareness of the possibility of airway obstruction secondary to massive hematoma formation after an asymptomatic interval is needed.


AbstractNFf type casks have been developed to transport spent fuel from domestic nuclear power plants to the reprocessing plant which is under construction in Rokkasho-mura, Aomori Prefecture. The spent fuel to be transported is greater in burn up and enrichment than that for the Tokai reprocessing plant and the annual shipment will be approximately ten times greater. Therefore, in developing the cask, greatest emphasis was placed on the enhancement of transport efficiency to reduce transport frequency. To maximise. the payload, the cask weight was made as close as possible to the maximum capacity of the crane available at the reactor site. Crane capacities of the nuclear power plants were grouped into six, and six kinds of cask were developed. The design of all types of NFf casks was approved in 1994 and 40 units of the cask are under construction to prepare for shipment.


The present study explores how teacher stress, self-efficacy, and motivation influence teacher's use of practices associated with self-regulated learning (SRL). Data from 87 elementary and highschool school teachers (79 females; Mean Age = 45 years; SD = 9.64 years) was employed to explore relationships between teacher self-efficacy, motivation, stress (e.g., time management, work related stressors, professional distress, professional investment, and stress from maintaining student discipline and motivation) along with their individual and combined impacts on the promotion of SRL. An exploratory factor analysis was computed in Mplus (L.K. Muthén & B.O. Muthén, 2012) to examine the underlying structure of the instructional practices associated with SRL questionnaire. Results demonstrated that the measure supported a two-factor model of instructional practices associated with SRL (RMSEA = <.08, CFI >.95). Pearson product-moment correlations indicated statistically significant and positive relationships between SRL and self-efficacy, as well as between SRL and motivation. Aspects of teacher stress were also found to negatively and significantly correlate with self-efficacy, motivation, and SRL. Results from a multiple mediation analysis of stress predicting opportunities for SRL indicated a partial mediation of both self-efficacy and motivation. The implications of these results are discussed, including suggestions for educational administration regarding the implementation of future learning initiatives, and support for teachers' understanding of SRL. a-path b-paths mediator mediation analyses tested


The feedforward neural network method is utilized in this paper for predicting the desired electromagnetic radiation properties of the motor of an electric vehicle. The neural network is first fully trained by simulation data and its predicted field values are then compared with those obtained through "traditional" FEKO simulations. The comparison has demonstrated a similar level of accuracy for both approaches, but the simulation time and cost can be dramatically reduced by employing the neural network method.


User Cooperation is a promising technology to obtain diversity gain at terminals. According to the traditional decode-and-forward scheme, relay node help to transmit source node's information with fixed number of modulation symbols all the time. It is not optimal in view of spectral efficiency, especially when the channel state is good. This paper introduces the adaptive DF scheme based on the minus exponential effective-SNR mapping (EESM) model. The optimal number to relay is predicted accurately. Furthermore, adaptive modulation is supported. The reliability requirement is satisfied, and the radio resource is saved for transmitting new information. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the adaptive DF scheme improves the spectral efficiency significantly.


This letter reports experimental results on frequency tuning and switching in superconductive bandpass filters with thermal switches. The four‐pole microstrip filters with frequency of 1.5 GHz and bandwidth of 1.5% were fabricated using Nb or EuBaCuO films. The addition of thermal switches around conductors did not affect the filter characteristics. A negative frequency shift of −2 MHz was confirmed at 8 K in the Nb filter with loss of less than 0.7 dB. In contrast, a positive shift of +5 MHz was observed at 77 K in the EuBaCuO filter. Furthermore, switching with a large difference of approximately 50 dB in loss was achieved in the Nb filters.


A primary purpose of the current study was to consider menu "depth" (i.e., number of levels) versus menu "breadth" (i.e., number per level) in a multiwindow display. For example, a study by Miller (1981) (cited by Shneiderman, 1986) found that eight item menus with a depth of two levels resulted in the fewest errors and fastest retrieval of a designated target, as compared to two item menus at a depth of six levels or a single 64 item menu. Similar results by Kiger (1984) and Dray et. al.(1981) led Shneiderman (1986) to conclude that "fewer levels aid decision time." However, when a display can present more than one menu at a single level, as in the case of multiwindow presentation, an advantage in retrieval time might be obtained by increasing the number of levels presented. Specifically, adding an initial one item "heading" menu which indicates the information to be presented in a particular window might decrease total search time, since decreasing the time to locate the appropriate window may offset the increase in search time due to the addition of another level of search.


Objective To explore the research development and nursing strategy of renal transplant recipients in biological,psychological and social fields under the new medical model,and proposes the research trend in the nursing field about renal transplant.


This study was conducted to research how UCD(Ultra Constant Discharge) lamp lighting affects plant cultivation. To get the results within a short time, lettuce seedling was selected as a plant and nutrient hydroponic beds were used in a dark room for 100% artificial lighting. Two beds were installed for same distance lighting condition with UCD lamp and Hi-pressure Sodium lamp each and another two beds were installed for same light intensity condition with each type of lamp. After 15 days of cultivation, for both conditions, the yields under UCD lamp were weighed more than that under Hi-pressure Sodium lamp. The result can be analyzed that the spectrum of UCD lamp having near sunlight characteristic is much superior to that of Hi-pressure Sodium lamp having a line spectrum characteristic on yellow and red wavelengths for plant cultivation.


Abstiact — In order to study the geochemistry of thorium isotopes in the hydrosphère, particularly in the océan, a method has been worked out by which Th232 (thorium)A, Th230 (ionium), Th228 (radio thorium), and Th227 (radioactinium) can be deterrained separately. Eight samples of 20 to 40 litres of seawater, from 23 0%" to 3497%|, salinity, were coUected in November 1953, in the Skagerak and the Gullmarfjord (Sweden). Thorium was isolatod by the following procédure: just after collection, the samples were brought to pH 2 and a given amount of Th234 (UX^) was added as tracer. Thorium was first precipitated with Fe(0H)3 as carrier. Further purification was obtained by ionexchange column chromatography followed by solvent extraction; the final fraction was obtained as the citric complex, a form suitable to incorpora tion in the photographie emulsion. The total yield varied from 8 to 23% according to the sample, as determined by the ^activity of the tracer. The varions thorium isotopes were measured through their aactivity, using nuclear photographie emulsions, more precisely the doubleemulsion technique. RdTh and RdAc both generate fivebranched stars; more than 90% of thèse originated from RdTh, as indicated by the length of the tracks: while lo and Th only yield single tracks of range 188 /t and 15 /* respectively in the emulsion. Most samples showed a much lower activity than expected; this did not make it possible to discriminate between lo and Th through the range distribution of their tracks, thus we could only ascertain upper limits of lo and Th concentrations. Average concentrations corresponding to a total volume of 140 litres of water are as foUows (in (3) The to an equilibrium concen tration of 2-6 . 10~" g/ml of the Th-232. We have, however, shown that, in at least two samples, RdTh is far over its equilibrium value with Th. Indeed, if we assume Th < 6 . 10~'' g/^l» this should lead to: iJB,dTh/Th> 4. We can only account for this surprising resuit by supposing that the excess RdTh résulta from an excess of its parent MsTh, (Ra-228) brought in by rivers or redissolved from the sédiments. Owing to the short half-Iife of both thèse nuclides, such a RdTh should found the short half-life of RdAc, suggests protactinium precipitated (5) Th-232 familles, a radium MsTh) appears be in over its thorium-isotope MsTh {T of interest. A study of the distribution of thèse isotopes should yield valuable data on their diffusion rates and on deep currents. radioactive geochemistry is conoerned, the océan is characterized by extremely low concentrations of nuclides of ail three radioactive familles and by the total disruption of the radioactive equilibrium in thèse familles. A calculation of the geochemical balance of radioactive éléments in the hydrosphère from the above data is given in the last part of the paper. La solution oxalique est évaporée à 10 cm^ dans une capsule de quartz, puis transférée par fractions successives dans un appareil à micro-distillation ou on chasse l'eau et l'acide oxalique. très faible résidu final est repris par 5 ml d'HCl 4 N chaud, la solution est évaporée à sec dans un micro-tube à essai en pyrex, de 1 cm' de volume. Préparation la solution déposer sur la plaque photographique. résidu sec est repris 0,1 cm' de tampon acide citrique-citrate de sodium 0,1 M à solution contrôlé nécessaire, réajusté OH 0,1 avec micro- pipette. passer complètement thorium solution l'état complexe citrique, tube contenant solution chauffé à plus de 100°C autoclave, atmosphère saturée de vapeur d'eau, du faible voliune de liquide. reste résidu insoluble, on centrifuge tube. solution surnageante est aspirée dans une micro-seringue dont le piston est commandé par une vis micrométrique; après im dernier contrôle du pH, est prête à être déposée sur la plaque photographique sous forme de gouttes calibrées de 2 • 10-3 cm'. de celles qui ont une extrémité en contact avec le verre support ou avec la surface de l'émulsion. Des contrôles ont été effectués en faisant observer les mêmes gouttes par différents micro- scopistes.


A new method to build melt index soft sensor is proposed based on Kalman filter and orthogonal least squares(Kalman-OLS) for nonlinear and multi-grade polypropylene process.Mechanism analysis is performed on polypropylene reactors and orthogonal least squares(OLS) is applied to fit the nonlinear function between melt index and secondary variables.In order to enhance model generalization and sparseness,parameter local regularization and leave-one-out mean square error are combined in OLS cost function.Kalman filter is presented to update the OLS model parameters online for multi-grade polypropylene operation.The application results on real industrial process show that Kalman-OLS can predict the polypropylene melt index more accurately than partial least squares(PLS) and OLS.


2014 Fission cross-section measurements of 241Pu have been carried out, using the 60 MeV Saclay Linac as a pulsed neutron source, for neutron energies below 30 keV, with a nominal resolution of 1 ns/m. In these measurements the samples were cooled down to 77 K in order to reduce the Doppler effect. A multilevel analysis, using the Reich and Moore formalism, has been done simultaneously on the fission cross-section 03C3F and on the total cross-section 03C3T as measured at C.B.N.M. Geel. This analysis yields the resonance parameters for neutron energies up to 104 eV. The resonances have been separated in two groups, having quite different average fission widths, 0393f >. The distributions of the fission widths, 0393f, compare favourably for each group, with a ~2 distribution having 0393f> = 87 meV and 03BD = 1.7 degree of freedom for the first group and 0393f> = 595 meV and 03BD = 2 degrees of freedom for the second group. The contribution of the 2+ transition state from the ground state band has been isolated with an average fission width of 356 meV. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 37, JUIN 1976,


May 2002 few years ago, two research teams joined forces to develop a new method to reach children who must struggle to learn. One group of researchers at Rutgers University had spent decades studying children who had trouble developing oral language skills (Tallal & Piercy, 1973). These researchers discovered that many children who are exceptionally bright in some areas of learning struggle in other areas because they process information differently. Just as some adults are good visual learners and others are good at physical learning, they found some children have a great deal of difficulty learning by listening to speech. These children may be very skilled musically, physically or visually, but when they have to learn from what others tell them, they process a little too slowly to keep up. Because so much early learning is accomplished through listening, these children are at a disadvantage. Sometimes teachers remark that the child has "poor listening skills." A parent may say the child seems to "tune out" at times. It is understandable that if a child has trouble listening, he or she will miss a great deal of what is "taught," especially in the early years of school. The researchers found that some of these children "fall through the cracks" because they may appear to be unmotivated or to have attentional difficulties. To some adults, "poor listening skills" may seem indistinguishable from "not trying." The other research team was at the University of California at San Francisco. They had spent decades studying the ways the brain changes with certain types of learning. This group of neuroscientists was interested in developing techniques that could train a child's brain to make learning easier. Michael Merzenich, the lead researcher in that center, was struck by the findings from Rutgers and believed, from his earlier research, that children could be trained to process auditory information differently. Dr. Merzenich and a colleague, William Jenkins, had found that the brain of a child or adult is actually plastic and can change processing speed and skill through very structured skill training. What was most exciting is that the neuroscientists found that these changes could occur after relatively short periods of intensive training — 6 to 8 weeks. Thus, a child who prefers to learn visually could be trained to become a rapid auditory learner as well (Merzenich et al., 1996). The programs these researchers developed are the FAST FORWORD family of programs. There are four programs that provide varying levels of language, reading and learning skills necessary for success in school. In just 4 years since their introduction, over 100,000 children nationwide have successfully completed one or more of the Fast ForWord programs. The programs are unique in that they are intensive (100 minutes/five days a week) and train fundamental listening, language and reading skills. They literally address the cause of academic difficulties so that children process information faster and more easily. Early controlled research studies of Fast ForWord programs indicated that children make one-and-one-half years' growth in language and processing skills after 6 weeks of training. Research conducted since the early studies corroborated those findings in a variety of settings, with thousands of children. Elise Temple and her colleagues at Stanford University have conducted the most exciting new independent research with this program showing actual changes in the brain after completion of the program. The first research conducted at Stanford studied three adults with a history of reading difficulties who underwent brain imaging before and after using the Fast For years, parents, teachers and


In this paper we review some recent results on asymptotic expansions of some multivariate test statistics for mean vectors under nonnormality. It is assumed that the samples are taken from a general distribution satisfying Cramér's condition. Some methods are discussed, through the derivation of asymptotic expansions of the distributions of Hotelling's T2-statistic, one-way MANOVA test statistics, and some test statistics for a multivariate linear hypothesis on regression coefficients. The results are restricted to the null distributions, but we shall see that the methods could be extended to the non-null case. Relating to the methods, asymptotic expansions are given for the distributions of the sample mean vector, the sample covariance matrix, and multivariate t-statistics. We also give some results on robustness of the test statistics for departures from normality.


Paul Thompson from Hartford Hospital moderated the topic "What Is the Role of Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors in Current Lipid Management?" with Drs. Robert S. Rosenson from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Allen Taylor from the Washington Hospital Center and MedStar Health Research Institute participating. The discussion focused primarily on: (1) current practice guidelines and the role of ezetimibe, (2) alternative therapies for lowering LDL cholesterol, (3) the ARBITER 6 and SHARP studies, (4) treatment therapy for patients not at goal on a statin, (5) the use of resins and niacin in lowering LDL colesterol, (6) the niche situations where ezetimibe could be effective, and (7) debate over various alternative agents, including tertiary effects, price and effectiveness. (Med Roundtable Cardiovasc Ed. 2011;2(1):49-56) ©2011 FoxP2 Media, LLC


One of the key factors that has prevented multi-chip modules (MCMs) from gaining mass acceptance in the electronics industry is their high cost. Often contributing to as much as 40% of this cost is the cost of testing the MCMs after they are manufactured. In this paper, we address the problem of testing MCMs fabricated on large area substrates, analogous to the way ICs are manufactured on silicon wafers (this reduces manufacturing cost). Our objective is to reduce the cost of testing MCMs by parallelizing the test process. In this paper we propose a novel relay propagation scheme in which the test stimuli and their correct responses are scanned in an interleaved and pipelined manner into the MCMs. Comparison of the observed and the correct response for each test vector is performed locally at each MCM. It is shown that our scheme results in drastic speedup over conventional boundary scan based testing. We also show that the test time using our testing methodology asymptotically approaches the optimal with the use of larger numbers of test chains.


This study sought to examine the outcome of teacher education candidates' performance on a state content exam. Seventeen participants from the class of 2012 were identified for the study of which 12 participants fully participated in the study. The study utilized data collected from the participants through the Teacher Quality Enhancement Subcontract Grant Summer/Fall/Spring 2011-2012 Workshop Series held at a private HBCU. The research design used a QUANQUAL-QUAN to triangulate the data through three methods of data collection: GACE early childhood education (ECE) data, GACE ECE survey questionnaire and class of 2012 member interviews. The first QUAN correlations were run on the 17 participants. The survey instrument (qualitative and descriptive statistical constructs) was completed by 12 participants. The last QUAN correlations were run on the 12 participants who completed the survey instrument. Correlation analysis was used to determine if a significant relationship existed between the independent variables and dependent variables. Descriptive statistical analyses were extrapolated from the selected Likert scaled items collected from the survey instrument to test selected research questions. The findings from the survey items related to program quality for the participants' mean was 3.05 (n = 12) on a 1 to 5 Likert scale. The findings from the survey items related to motivation for the participants' mean was 4.35 (n = 12) on a 1 to 5 Likert scale. A limitation was the total participants that were available for the case study of majors for the degree in the class of 2012 (n = 17). Correlation analyses revealed a statistically significant relationship between first time pass or fail and number of failed attempts on #001; first time pass or fail and number of failed attempts on #002; test failures after first attempt on test #001 and SAT; test failures after first attempt on test #002 and SAT; program quality and GPAPST; first time pass or fail rate and perception of program quality. INTRODUCTION This synopsis provides preliminary information about the demonstrated ability of minorities to pass teacher content examinations required for certification, variables and factors that may influence candidates passing the examinations. In addition, information is discussed on how this topic affects minorities and teacher preparation programs at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Since testing is a federal requirement for students as they matriculate through P-12, and with the inception of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act and the highly qualified status requirement, the probability of additional testing required by states for certification coupled with impeding pressures to post a passing score on the first attempt may negatively affect candidates' performance on certification examinations (Barnes-Johnson, 2008; Gifford, 1985; Supon, 2004). The research selected to introduce the rationale for this study was grounded in the identification of the following variables related to teacher education candidates' performance on basic skills tests and content examinations (Anrig, Goertz, & McNeil, 1986; Barnes-Johnson, 2008; Bennett, McWhorter, & Kuykendall, 2006; Haney, Madaus & Kreitzer, 1987). The variables that appear in the selected review of literature are the American College Testing (ACT) program score, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) score, high school grade point average (HSGPA), grade point average prior to preservice teaching (GPAPST), cumulative grade point average (CGPA), motivation and program quality (Fleming, 2000; Fleming & Garcia, 1998; Liu, Bridgeman, and Adler (2012); Marable, 2011; Pardee, 1990; Perry, 2011; Slater, 1999-2000). Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a selected traditional teacher preparation program and the planned program's responsibility to provide candidates with sufficient content knowledge to increase their capacity to post a passing score on a state-c certification examination on the candidates first attempt, to ensure that the candidates could complete the program and become eligible for a certificate as a highly teacher (AmerinBeardsley, Barnett, 2010; Bennett et al., 2006; Boyd, Goldhaber, Lankford, & Wyckoff, 2007; Carter, 1998; United States Department of Education [USDOE], 2011a; USDOE, 2011b). In addition, components of the study were based upon historical literature and conceptual factors. The study also reported selected findings from an ex post facto data set collected from an attempted treatment to the historic problem of failure among black candidates at the private HBCU chosen for this study. Statement of the Problem The specific evidence of the problem of selected black preservice candidates enrolled at a private HBCU to pass the state mandated certification exam on their first attempt was studied through the use of a federally funded subcontract award. The problem at the private HBCU identified for this study caused many of the candidates to change their major from the certification tract to the non certification tract. The researcher has identified through the literature documented studies that addressed minority failure on teacher certification content exam and basic skills tests. Through the literature and results of this study, the problem of test preparation for preservice candidates enrolled in an early childhood education program can be related to the testing accountability requirements in NCLB in 2001 for P-12 students (Pohan &


The concept of media refers to a complex phenomenological sphere. Relations between technological means and semiotic systems that are an integral part of enduring social, cultural, and communicative contexts are central to it. Media's influence on literature can therefore be comprehensively considered only if we also understand the latter as a complex social, cultural, and communications system. This article focuses on fundamental divisions in media history – written, print, and audio-visual media – and finds that in all instances, communications technologies suffuse the constitutive components of the literary system: its structures, symbolic order, and aesthetic conventions. From a structural point of view, media influence the definition of social roles and reorganization of cognitive systems. On the level of symbolic order, they influence the establishment of self-reflexive identity. The literary conventions of fictiveness and ambiguity also follow the logic of de- or reconstruction that typify manuscript, print, and audio-visual communication. In a systems approach, we best approximate an understanding of the literary field's organization when we focus on the mechanisms of mutual effects of all four components.


This paper studies the energy based control for swinging up two pendulums on a cart. This paper presents an original and detail analysis of the convergence of the energies of two pendulums and provides the condition such that the pendulums can be swung up. Moreover, the stability analysis of the motion of two pendulums under the energy based control is accomplished via the concept of stability of an invariant set. These analyses not only show theoretically the effectiveness of the energy based control for swinging up two pendulums, but also pave one way for analyzing and designing the energy based control for more complicated underactuated mechanical systems.


Application of silicon fertilizer in rice can significantly increase production. Applied amount of the highest yield of rice is "Dali Gui" silicon fertilizer 90 kg·hm-2,fit amount is 60~90 kg·hm-2. At the same time, silicon fertilizer application can significantly shorten the main stem of shoot first between the two length, increase in stem diameter, culms rigid, improve the rice plant resistance to lodge, form high-yielding plant type, improve photosynthetic efficiency and rice yield of the components, for example, number of rice ear, number of seed, weight of seed, so rice yield was improved.


Longitudinal diffusion coefficients are measured for Tl+ in Kr and Xe, Li+ in Kr and Xe and cl− in N2. These diffusion coefficients are compared with the calculated ones from a previous measurement of ion mobility values.3 (AIP)


This paper investigates the stability problem for time-varying delay systems. To obtain a larger delay bound, this paper uses the second-order canonical Bessel-Legendre ( BL ) inequality. Secondly, using four couples of integral terms in the augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii function ( LKF ) to enhance the relationship between integral functionals and other vectors. Furthermore, unlike the construction of the traditional LKF, a novel augmented LKF is constructed with two new delay-product-type terms, which adds more state information and leads to less conservative results. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and the significant improvement of the proposed stability criteria.


The invention relates to a high-temperature-resistant wood-plastic composite material used for outdoors. The high-temperature-resistant wood-plastic composite material used for outdoors mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 80-90 parts of plant fibers, 3-4 parts of an anti-ultraviolet absorber, 5-6 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 6-8 parts of rare earth chloride, 12-15 parts of a rare-earth stabilizer, 3-5 parts of linoleic acid, 7-8 parts of oxidized polyethlene wax, 6-9 parts of a modifying agent, 10-15 parts of an inorganic filler and 1-2 parts of an antioxidant. A preparation method for the high-temperature-resistant wood-plastic composite material used for outdoors comprises the following steps of: modifying chlorinated polyethylene with rare earth chloride to obtain rare-earth modified polyethylene; pre-treating the plant fibers with the modifying agent; adding all materials into a high-speed mixer to mix, and feeding the mixed materials into a double-screw extruder to extrude and pelletize; and finally, carrying out hot-pressing forming. The high-temperature-resistant wood-plastic composite material effectively improves mechanical strength and high temperature resistance of the wood-plastic composite material, further has ultraviolet resistance, effectively solves the problems that current wood-plastic material is liable to easy and liable to age at a high temperature, is short in service life and the like, and is suitable for outdoor use. The high-temperature-resistant wood-plastic composite material used for outdoors is further beneficial for saving energy sources and increasing a utilization rate of waste plant fibers, is economical and environmentally-friendly.


Soft soil is widely distributed in the riverside area of southern China. The creep deformation characteristics of the soft soil affect the long-term stability of the structure foundation, which cannot be ignored. Through the triaxial drainage creep test, the creep characteristics of riverside soil with a soft interlayer from Jiangsu Province were studied. The test results show that the creep procedure of the soft soil is divided into two stages, exhibiting steady-state creep and shear shrinkage characteristics with time and stress growth, which presents typical nonlinear behavior. Additionally, the confining pressure and stress are critical factors affecting creep characteristics. The fractal dashpot based on fractal derivative theory is introduced in place of the Abel dashpot in the classical fractional Burgers model; a fractal Burgers creep model with few parameters, high precision, and clear physical significance is established. Additionally, an analytical solution to the creep model is given. The model parameters are determined by fitting the test results, and the comparison shows that the results estimated with the model are more accurate than those estimated with the traditional model. The sensitivity analyses of the model parameters reveal the influence of key parameters on the creep characteristics of the soil. The results further confirm that the proposed fractal Burgers model can characterize the creep behavior of viscoelastic soil. These observations are extremely important for predicting the foundation displacement and formulating measures to prevent the deformation, which can provide a reference for engineering applications in the riverside area of southern China.


Abstract : This thesis is a study of missile and target parameters used in second and third order modeling of the tracking subsystem used in radar guided guided missiles. Guidance methods are analyzed to determine which method is optimum in a search for an ideal missile. Target parameters which have an effect on the missile tracking system are analyzed and a target acceleration probability model is discussed. A two dimensional third order tracking model is simulated utilizing a Kalman filter for target parameter estimation and prediction. Linear second and third order tracking models are simulated and compared with the third order Kalman filter tracker. This thesis concludes that a proportional navigation guidance method, with a non linear third order tracking Kalman filter, is the better model. Benefits of using a non linear third order Kalman filter may not overide the cost and complexity of implementation of the model. Theses.


In recent years, more and more farmers struggling to stay profitable have turned to game farming, and the number of wildlife ranches has mushroomed. According to wildlife management authority and author Ron Thomson, there are approximately 10 000 registered private game ranchers in South Africa managing more than 20 million hectares of land.


The Chairman spoke of the loss that the Society and British Medicine had sustained in the death of Sir Thomas Lewis, F.R.S., who had accepted the Chairmanship for this meeting, and also by the death ofW. T. Ritchie, the first Treasurer ofthe Society (1922-193 1). He also welcomed the Canadian and American visitors. An obituary notice of William Ritchie is on page 207: one of Sir Thomas Lewis will be in the January number.


With the rapid development of information science and technology, data-driven approaches are already being the research tide in many fields. BP neural network (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) are introduced and adopted to simulate fluctuating time-series wind speeds in this paper. The regression-prediction models developed by implementing machine interpolation learning are established respectively. And the original speeds used as learning and forecast samples for the simulation of the data-driven approaches are obtained through AR numerical modeling. Based on the comparison of evaluation index, the results show that the simulated fluctuating wind speeds through SVM and LS-SVM are more accurate than the simulated speeds through BPNN, but the simulation time of LS-SVM and BPNN are shorter than the SVM.


Incident detection systems can be classified as those that rely on measurements from one sensor station and those that compare readings from two or more spatially separated stations. There are four types of algorithms used in incident detection systems: comparative algorithms, statistical algorithms, time series/filtering algorithms, and traffic modelling algorithms. Three criteria are used to assess the performance of incident detection algorithms: detection rates, false alarm rates and mean time to detection. Commercially available detection systems are described: ADDCO Inc.'s Virtual Transportation Operations (VTOC) software, the Cetra TMS4080 Wide Area Incident Detection system from CET Technologies Pte Ltd., the Idris Incident Detection System from Diamond Consulting Services Ltd., the Pyramids system from Econolite Control Products, Inc., EIS Electronic Integrated Systems Inc.'s Freeway Traffic Management System, systems from Excel Technology Group, Autoscope Video Vehicle Detection and Veridian Engineering Systems, the Vantage Video Detection Systems from Iteris, Inc., TransActive system from MI Service Group Ltd., VideoTrak Plus from Peek Traffic, INGRID from Siemens Traffic Controls Ltd., and Traficon's Video Image Processor.


Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine, which plays an important role as neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Optical sensing technology is commonly used for the rapid detection of DA through the formation of fluorescent polydopamine (PDA). However, it is difficult to quantify low levels of DA (≤10−8 m) because the resulting PDA has a low fluorescence (FL) efficiency. In this study, DA analyte is polymerized into highly fluorescent oligodopamine (F‐ODA) by the catalytic action of H2O2/MnO2 nanosheets, so‐called Mn2+@F‐ODA (i.e., manganese (2+) coordinated oligodopamine derivatives). Compared to the F‐ODA prepared by NaOH oxidation, Mn2+@F‐ODA exhibits a stronger FL intensity with a maximal peak at 465 nm. Mn2+@F‐ODA produces a distinct FL emission that allows for the detection of trace DA (10−8–10−12 m) with a detection limit of 10−13 m. The FL intensity of Mn2+@F‐ODA shows a suitable logarithmic linearity over four orders of the magnitude from 10−8–10−11 m. The developed chemical strategy suggests potential applications of Mn2+@F‐ODA for the sensitive detection of DA neurotransmitters.


A 45-year-old Malagasy man, with a 2-month medical history of chronic pericarditis, presented to the Department of Cardiology at Joseph Raseta Hospital with cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was performed, with improvement in the patient's clinical condition, following aspiration of 400 cc of serofibrinous fluid. The control chest X-ray revealed a hydropneumopericardium (Figs 1a and 1b). Following evaluation of the fluid, tuberculosis treatment was started with an adjunctive corticosteroid regimen and resultant complete resolution of all cardiac symptoms. The diagnosis of hydropneumopericardium requires the application of Shackelford criteria which include (i) high-pitched tympanic percussion note, (ii) loud metallic splashing sound synchronous with heart sounds, and (iii) characteristic chest X-ray with an air-fluid level in the pericardial cavity. 1 Traumatic origins of hydropneumopericardium are more common than non-traumatic causes. Non-traumatic causes of hydropneumopericardium include asthma, gastro-pericardic fistula complicating gastric pathology, and infectious disease from illnesses such as pericarditis and pneumonia. Traumatic causes are many and varied, including chest trauma (11%) and iatrogenic causes (74%), particularly those arising after mechanical ventilation, cardiac surgery, and pace-maker implantation. 2


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and the adverse reaction of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3D-CRT) for the post period concurrently combined with chemotherapy of 10-hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT) for brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A total of 134 patients were randomly divided into radiochemotherapy group(n=68) and radiotherapy group(n=66).In the early stage,the two groups all received common two-dimesional conformal radiation therapy.The tumor dose(DT) of the whole brain irradiation was 30-40 Gy,in the later stage,the reduced field for the local lesion of brain metastases would be altered to 3D-CRT for the post period whose method was 2 Gy a time,5 times a week.DT was added from 10-24 Gy and the total DT was 50-64 Gy.The patients were given HCPT 6 mg per squre meters by intravenous drip every day with synchronization for 7 days during 2-4 weeks' radiotherapy period in radiochemotherapy group.The efficacy and adverse effects of two groups were observed.Results The complete response rate(CR) and partly response rate(PR) were 16.2% and 67.8% in radiochemotherapy group and 7.6% and 50.0% in radiotherapy group respectively,with statistic significance(P0.05).The 1-,2-year survival rates were 33.8%,2.9% in radiochemotherapy group,and 30.3%,1.5% in radiotherapy group respectively,without statistic significance.The complications such as leucopoenia,nausea and vomiting were more common in radiochemotherapy group than those of the other group.Conclusion 3D-CRT concurrently combined with chemotherapy is rather active for locally advanced brain metastases from NSCLC in short-term outcome.More side effects and adverse reaction are observed in radiochemotherapy group;however,all the patients could tolerate.


Based on the research and consultation of resources obtained, the method used is a descriptive methodology, which allows us to apply the collection of information on investments and personal finances focused on understanding the steps and trends for an investment To provide a tool of knowledge and practice to the public that does not know about the investment environment and the benefits it offers in the world of personal finance.


Under the assumption that the inverse square central force law is a good approximation to the gravitational force, at least for large distances, the different possibilities for the evolution of the Universe are sketched. Several of the possibilities lead naturally to a dynamical classification of clusters of galaxies in an expanding universe. In one of the classifications the galaxies must define configurations which are functions of the masses. The virial theorem approach of determining masses of galaxies in a cluster is briefly examined. Some tentative statements concerning a dynamical explanation of the local hypothesis for quasars are advanced. Finally, the role of mathematical probability in predicting the behavior of the Universe is discussed.


This thesis describes the general architecture of the heterogeneous database system based on semantic modeling approach "AHBSSM". We will show how the idea of Semantic Binary Object-Oriented Data Model (Sem-ODM) plays a key role in construction of the system. In this heterogeneous database management system Sem-ODM are employed to describe the structure of all data sources in a uniform way. The AHBSSM system is now closer to implementation stage, and a set of tools already developed for Sem-ODM Which can be utilized to work for heterogeneous environment.


The purpose of this study were to compare the wearing and purchase practice of underwear items, and the attitudes toward underwear in middle school girls with those of their mothers in Chongju city. The questionnaires were to measure the demographic information, wearing and purchase practice of underwear items, and attitudes toward underwear. As statistical analysis, frequencies, , and t-test were used. The results were as follows: 1. There were partially significant difference beween middle school girls and thier mothers of wearing and purchase practice of underwear. 2. The most important factor was size when they purchase their underwear. As the next important factor, middle school girls considered design, while their mother considered functional properties. 3. Middle school girls were more interested in the design aspect or brand name of underwear and less concerned about functional or practical aspects than their mothers in the attitudes toward underwear.


This paper investigates how the annual runoff depth intercepted by urban stormwater on-line storage tanks is influenced by their running rules, their specific capacity per impervious catchment area, the depression storage on the catchment surfaces and the minimum inter event time. But, surprisingly, the three different real rainfall series considered in the numerical tests seem to yield quite similar outcomes. In addition, the Gaussian probability distribution is found to be a good fitting of the annual intercepted runoff depths, allowing an easy forecast of their quantiles for a given probability of non-exceedence (or probability of exceedence). For practical aims, this is a very interesting piece of information for the runners of wastewater treatment plants who are supposed to be in charge of dealing, after rainfall events, with the first foul flush volumes intercepted and stored into the urban stormwater tanks.


We propose the first lattice-based dynamic group signature scheme achieving forward security. Our scheme is proven to be secure against framing attack, misidentification attack and preserves anonymity under the learning with errors (${\mathsf{LWE}}$) and short integer solution (${\mathsf{SIS}}$) assumptions in the random oracle model. More interestingly, our setting allows the group manager to generate distinct certificates to distinct users which can be updated by the users themselves without any interaction with the group manager. Furthermore, our scheme is dynamic where signing key of a user is not fixed during the setup and is issued only at the joining time of the user.


The effect of harvesting at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) on the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of two multicut (SSG-59-3 and X-988), two single cut (Pusa Chari-1 and IS 4776) and three dual purpose forage sorghum cultivars (CSV-10, Vidisha 60-1 and Chitta Jonna) was studied during kharif (rainy season 2005), rabi (post-rainy season 2005) and summer (2006) in pot experiments. The HCN-p tended to decrease with increase in plant age in all the seasons. HCN-p was lowest in Chitta Jonna in kharif, IS 4776 in rabi and SSG-59-3 in summer while it was highest in CSV-10 in all the seasons. The appropriate growth period for determining cultivar differences in HCN-p appeared to be 30 DAS in kharif and 40 DAS in both rabi and summer. At these plant ages in the respective seasons cultivar differences in HCN-p were prominent. Seasonal differences in HCN-p were significant and the highest was in summer followed by rabi and was lowest in kharif. Forage sorghum contained safe levels of HCNp (<200 ppm) at the recommended plant ages at harvest during kharif and rabi (45-60 DAS). Dual purpose sorghum also had safe levels of HCNp at the recommended plant ages at harvest for use as single cut forage during kharif and rabi seasons (60–90 DAS), with the exception of CSV-10, which had safe levels only at or after 80 DAS in rabi. But when summer grown, the safe plant age for harvesting the first cut of multicut sorghum was 60 DAS or later, whereas single cut and dual purpose sorghums, were not safe for feeding to cattle even up to 90 DAS in this season, with the exception of Chitta Jonna which showed safe levels at the recommended harvest stage.


Background: The mobile subtalar joint (STJ) may compensate for supra- and inframalleolar deformities and counteract the effect of realigning calcaneal or distal tibial osteotomies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compensatory effect of the mobile STJ after supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT) and calcaneus osteotomy (COT) and whether the extent of the compensation correlates with STJ shape and orientation. Methods: In 10 human lower leg cadavers without evidence of deformity or prior trauma 700 Newton load were applied as a simulated standing pose. The center of force (COF) migration, maximum pressure (Pmax), and the area loaded were measured with high-resolution sensors in the ankle before and after 10-mm varus/valgus sliding COT and 10-degree varus / valgus SMOT. A computed tomographic evaluation of subtalar anatomy was conducted to correlate posterior facet curvature, its varus/valgus orientation in the coronal plane, and the effect on COF, Pmax, and area loaded. Results: The COF migration was significant for both varus and valgus SMOTs (varus SMOT: 1.78 mm, P = .0029; valgus SMOT: 1.85 mm, P = .0018) but not for COT (varus COT: 0.45 mm, P = .85; valgus COT: 1.15 mm, P = .11). Pmax and area loaded changed but not significantly. The radius of the posterior STJ surface showed a moderate correlation (varus SMOT: r = 0.61, P = .063; valgus SMOT: r = 0.28, P = .43, varus COT: r = −0.61, P = .063; valgus COT: r = 0.13, P = .38) and the axis a weak inverse correlation (varus SMOT: r = −0.51, P = .013; valgus SMOT: r = 0.58, P = .079; varus COT: r = −0.51, P = .14; valgus COT: r = 0.38, P = .28) with the COF migration after the osteotomies. Conclusion: The compensatory capacity of a mobile STJ is relatively small but appears to limit the effect of COT more than SMOT. The COT is less effective in influencing ankle joint pressure for realignment purposes than SMOT in mobile STJ and clinically more consistent in stiff STJ. Correlations are moderate to weak, whereas the curvature more than orientation of posterior facet inversely correlates with osteotomy's effects. Level of Evidence: Level IV, biomechanical cadaver study.


A large data bank of morphometric, cover and climatic data for over a thousand drainage basins of all sizes in the British Isles was set up by the N.E.R.C. Flood Study. The paper describes the selection of these 'independent' variables, their degree of correlation, their portrayal of regional variability in the British Isles and their success as predictors of flood variables. The internal adjustment of drainage basins is confirmed, as is the basic physical division of Britain.


An increase in the power of wheeled tractors led to an increase in their mass and the mass of machine tools aggregated with them, which led to negative anthropogenic impacts on the soil, especially of tractors with a wheel formula of 3K2. Experiments have shown that the pressure created by the front wheel on the root layer on the soil of the TTZ-811 tractor with the 3K2 wheel formula is on average 4.5-9.5 % higher than that of the TTZ-1033 tractor with the 4K2 wheel formula. Reducing the sealing effect of the front wheels on the soil is possible by replacing the tractor with the wheel formula 3K2 with a tractor with the wheel formula 4K2, as well as by reducing the air pressure in the tire.


Multi resolution image clustering and segmentation tools has been developed to measure the distance between clusters of homogeneous microbial populations within two-dimensional sections of biofilms visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The concept underlying multi resolution image segmentation is that the number of clusters are larger for higher resolution image and smaller for lower resolution image. This hierarchical structure analysis can be used to simplify the problem in well-mixed populations. The algorithm combines fuzzy C-means, SOM and LVQ neural networks to segment and identify clusters. The outcome of the segmentation is quantified by the number of clusters of each kind of microorganism within sections of the biofilm, and the centroid distances between the identified clusters. Experimental evaluations of the algorithm showed its effectiveness in analyzing biofilm mixed populations.


A combined Q and Sarsa algorithm based on united simulated annealing strategy proposed in order to solve the problems that the convergence speed of traditional reinforcement learning algorithm is slow. It could balance the relationship between trial-error and efficiency among different methods by a random dynamic adjustment factor method. The roulette algorithm is used to improve Q-learning, and the simulated annealing algorithm is used to replace the selection strategy of Sarsa algorithm, and the overall convergence rate of the algorithm is controlled by the annealing rate. Finally, the task of reward function is subdivided, and the reward function based on action decomposition is designed. The simulation results show that the improved path planning method can effectively reduce the time cost and the collision times of the first path finding.


The shift in concern from improving health care to controlling health care expenditures is examined. The problem of life-prolonging technologies that ultimately don't work and increase the cost of health care is addressed. The need to limit the provision of such treatments is discussed.<<ETX>>


The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel, the liquid crystal display panel comprising a plurality of display domains, the manufacturing method comprising: making an array substrate; prepared color filter substrate; pixels on the pixel electrode layer is coated with a film; pixel alignment a first photo-alignment film treatment; common alignment film coating on the common electrode layer; a second public distribution process to the photo-alignment film; and the array substrate and the color filter substrate of the cartridge, so as to form a liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal display panel manufacturing method may be a better solution of the liquid crystal display apparatus whitening technical problems occur in certain viewing angle.


For solid magnetic materials such as soft magnetic composite and structure steels, the electromagnet measurement method is used to measure the magnetic property of them. However, in this measurement, linear interpolation method of two hall effect sensors is used to obtain the magnetic field intensity and demagnetization field is considered to be generated because of gaps between the specimen and electromagnet. In this research, the validity of the linear interpolation estimation method and the influence of demagnetization field are investigated by using magnetic field analysis and by experiments. It is found that the linear interpolation estimation method is confirmed accurate enough but the demagnetization field needs to be corrected in both analysis and measurement.


This chapter discusses several different aspects of the energy balance and physiological homeostasis of incubating birds, ranging from systematic, geographical and life history related variation in energy costs of incubation, to thermal considerations for birds on the nest, links between energy expenditure and fitness, and non-energetic costs of incubation. Our review of the literature shows that, across all bird species, this energy costs amounts to 3.4 times the basal metabolic rate (BMR). This is 15% lower than the cost of chick rearing (2.9 × BMR) for all birds, but is roughly equal to chick-rearing costs in those species in which only the female incubates. Energy costs are typically higher in challenging conditions, such as during incubation in harsh climates. This can impair fitness of parents and offspring, but little is understood about the physiological basis for such costs. We highlight and discuss possible mechanisms by which increased energy expenditure in incubating birds might hamper adult survival and, independently, carry over to also affect nestling phenotype and performance. We end by drawing attention to situations where the primary currency for incubation is not energy-based, which we exemplify by a discussion on the water economy of incubation in desert birds. (Less)


The semiconducting transition metal oxide TiO2 is a rather cheap and non-toxic material with superior photocatalytic properties. TiO2 thin films and nanoparticles are known to have antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antialgal, self, water, and air-cleaning properties under UV or sun light irradiation. Based on these excellent qualities, titania holds great promises in various fields of applications. The vast majority of published field and pilot scale studies are dealing with the modification of building materials or generally focus on air purification. Based on the reviewed papers, for the coating of glass, walls, ceilings, streets, tunnels, and other large surfaces, titania is usually applied by spray-coating due to the scalibility and cost-efficiency of this method compared to alternative coating procedures. In contrast, commercialized applications of titania in medical fields or in water purification are rarely found. Moreover, in many realistic test scenarios it becomes evident that the photocatalytic activity is often significantly lower than in laboratory settings. In this review, we will give an overview on the most relevant real world applications and commonly applied preparation methods for these purposes. We will also look at the relevant bottlenecks such as visible light photocatalytic activity and long-term stability and will make suggestions to overcome these hurdles for a widespread usage of titania as photocalyst.


We present an analysis of the distribution of endgroups within a urea-functionalized poly(propyleneamine)-dendrimer of 4th generation by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The contrast between the solute and the solvent is varied in a systematic fashion (contrast variation). The analysis of the scattering intensity corrected for incoherent contributions gives three partial scattering functions that depend differently on contrast. It is demonstrated that difference in contrast of the different segments of the molecules give an additional scattering contribution not related to the overall structure. From these data the scattering length density distribution within the dendritic structure can be derived. All results obtained for the fully protonated dendrimer under consideration here agree with the deductions obtained previously for a partially deuterated dendrimer having the same chemical structure.


Communicative networks drastically altered how information was relayed between Australia and Germany in the forty-three years before the outbreak of the First World War. Against a backdrop of rising imperialist tensions, the identity of the significant migrant German population who called Australia home during these years was affected by the networks' transmission of ideas and influence. The communicative horizon within Australia and internationally was multi-faceted and involved an interconnectedness between politics, diplomacy, cables, news selection and sources, readership and identification. This work sets out to learn the extent to which Wilhelmine imperialist identity found expression in Australia's German language press in New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia; and how concepts of Deutschtum and a broader overseas identity were cultivated through or informed by this medium. Furthermore, the thesis will investigate how the German language newspapers from 1871-1914 served to cultivate an imagined community within Australia whose characteristics found resonance with a global "Germanness" and how the strength of nationalistic affiliations and ties to the Vaterland affected notions of identity. Such posturing immediately raises questions about counter-tendencies and the extent to which this identity was rejected or adopted. Analysis of these publications suggests the idiosyncratic nature of the press across three Australian states and highlights the differences in content between each. It is posited that writings from and of the "Paradise for Dissidents," South Australia, were more politicised in nature compared to those in Queensland where economic practicalities are said to have prevailed. There is a diachronic dimension to this comparative analysis, as well as a territorial one. The Deutsch-Australische Post in the 1890s may be taken to represent the turn to more assertive Weltpolitik in the 1890s under Kaiser Wilhelm II; a turn to more imperialist foreign policy coupled with naval expansion that was accompanied by the emergence of the Pan-German League and other nationalist pressure groups. Any manifestation of organised radical nationalism in the 1890s is an intensification of even the strongest expressions pro-imperialist and colonialist sentiment. The newspapers evidently cultivated the German language, an awareness of affairs in the Vaterland, in the colonies and of other Germans who had settled in Australia – actions that intended to foster and maintain an identity that was in keeping with Wilhelmine imperialism.


A stand alone noise suppression algorithm is described for reducing the spectral effects of acoustically added noise in speech. A fundamental result is developed which shows that the spectral magnitude of speech plus noise can be effectively approximated as the sum of magnitudes of speech and noise. Using this simple phase independent additive model, the noise bias present in the short time spectrum is reduced by subtracting off the expected noise spectrum calculated during nonspeech activity. After bias removal, the time waveform is recalculated from the modified magnitude and saved phase. This Spectral Averaging for Bias Estimation and Removal, or SABER method requires only one FFT per time window for analysis and synthesis.