The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the phonology of the speech of the people of Hays County, Texas. Although the major emphasis of this study was phonological, some attention was devoted to a survey of selected lexical items. The problem was to determine the following: (1) the phono logical characteristics of the speech of Hays County, Texas; (2) the patterns suggested by differing speech usage at several levels of age and education; (3) the possibility of pronunciation or vocabulary isoglosses within the County. The conduct of the stages of the study proceeded in the follow ing manner. First, a study of the history and settlement patterns of the County determined that most of the pre-Civil War immigrants came from or through the southern states, but most of the post-Civil War immigrants came from Missouri, Tennessee or Arkansas. Second, a questionnaire was compiled for the interviews. Third, from each, community, representative Hays County residents of varied age, edu cation and occupation were chosen. Fourth, thirty-three interviews yielded twenty-seven usable tape recordings. Fifth, the workbooks were transcribed phonetically. Sixth, the phonology of the speech of Hays County was described, and selected lexical items were dis cussed. The dialect of Hays County was mixed. Features more character istic of Northern and Midland pronunciation predominated. For example, vii R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. postvocalic [r] and unstressed syllabic [ £■] were retained in words like door and father. [3-] appeared in words like thirty. Monophthongal checked vowels [ I tU t £ fA,S3] were used in words like whip, wood, red, sun, sack. Other Northern or Midland sound patterns were the use of [u] in two; [o] in law, orange, fog; [au] (with a low-front quality) in cow; [i] in ear, rinse; [u] in poor; [e] in both merry and Mary, deaf, yellow; [o] as the unstressed vowel in yellow and infrequent use of [r] in wash. Features of Southern pronunciation that occurred were usually restricted to positional allophones or choice of a sound within one word. Examples were the use of [ei] before the voiced velar [g] in egg and the use of [z] in greasy. A large number of characteristically General Southern words influenced the vocabulary of the County. For instance, use of pallet, (corn) shucks, pully bone. light bread, (horse) lot, and whetrock was widespread. The survey of lexical items also revealed several terms apparently somewhat restricted to the central Texas area and Hays County. They were cedar chopper (poor white trash), Jew Pudding (a Christmas strudel), and Roosevelt or Hoover willows. Some of the terms used more often or only with informants over sixty were mantelboard , mantelpiece, wardrobe, bakery bread, (cherry) kernel, clingstone peach, shirtwaist, widow woman, French harp, a right smart, tolerable, etc. Some of the words highly homogeneous among many informants were seven thirty, downpour, drouth, norther, mantel, andirons, kindling, backlog, gutters, couch, pallet, skillet, shucks, light bread, soda water, freestone peach, tank (pond), dinner at noon, supper at night. viii R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. Some of the words used by a majority of or only by German informants were shelf (mantel), bakery bread, sour milk, Sleifsteine (grindstone), not normal (bastard), Katzenmusik (shivaree), Stinkkatze (skunk), rain worm (earthworm), Tante Meier (outhouse). Spanish words that occurred in a very limited currency were grullo (ash-colored horse), mott (clump of trees), arroyo (dry stream bed), sendero (canyon), remuda (herd), caballero (cowboy), bronco (wild horse) and mecate .(rope). Hays County settlers may have brought both an "r" dialect and a southern vocabulary with them. Dialect studies of the inland states and of surrounding counties must be made before Hays County could be called a transitional area. R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission.


The cabin-vibration characteristics of the variable voltage variable frequency(VVVF) hydraulic elevator with pull-cylinder were discussed.The acceleration of the cabin and the load pressure of cylinder were analyzed.And the mesh between the gear and rubber rack of the speed-measuring device was tentatively diagnosed as the main excitation.An 8-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of vertical direction for the system was established and modal analysis on the whole system was performed.The experiments of modal analysis for the system were carried out.The results showed that the natural frequencies of the system approached the mesh frequency of the speed-measuring device,which indicated that the speed-measuring device was the vibration source of the cabin vibration.A way of vibration isolation for the speed-measuring device was presented.And the experiments showed the validity.


In this work, we develop some high emissivity patterns for the near infrared range, between 1200 and 2500nm. These patterns were made by means of the magnetron sputtering technique, and they achieve their functionality by using the optical interference phenomenon so that their superficial reflectance is diminished. This is how we manage to produce surfaces that have a very low reflectance and high spectral emissivity in the abovementioned range. Such patterns can be used for the calibration of temperaturemeasuring systems based on photodiodes detecting near infrared radiation.


Objective To explore the onset characteristics of coronary artery lesions caused by Kawasaki disease and their changes in 2 years after onset.Methods A colour Doppler echocardiography was performed on 356 patients with Kawasaki disease in Guangzhou Children's Hospital from January 2001 to December 2004.The ages of patients(242 boys,114 girls) in acute stage were 1-123 months[(26.3±21.0)months)].The patients were divided into three groups according to changes in coronary arteries:coronary arterial dilatation(n=72),small or medium coronary aneurysm(n=36) and giant coronary aneurysm group(n=11).The patients with coronary artery lesions were followed-up by echocardiography in 119 cases and ATP stress echocardiographyin in 48cases.The differences of febrile days before diagnosis and the changes in coronary artery were compared respectively among three groups.Results The coronary artery lesions were found in 147 patients(41.3%,147/356) by echocardiography,including 48 cases with coronary aneurysms(13.5%,48/356) and 99 cases with coronary arterial dilatation(27.8%,99/356).The incidences of coronary artery lesions were 38.1%(40/105) in patients aged1 y,40.4%(67/166) in patients aged 1-3 y;40.7%(22/54) in patients aged 3-5 y;58.1%(18/31) in patients aged5 y.The incidence of coronary artery lesions in patients aged5 y was significantly higher than that in patients aged 1 y(P0.05).The febrile days before diagnosis in the giant coronary aneurysm group were more than that in medium or small coronary aneurysm group and the coronary arterial dilatation group[(18.4±12.0)days,(12.9±8.2)days,(7.4±3.6)days,P0.01)].By echocardiography,69 of cases(69.7%,69/99) with coronary atery lesions were found in acute stage,27 of cases(27.3%) in subacute stage(11-21 d from onset),3 of cases(3.0%) in convalescence(21-60 d from onset).27 of cases(56.2%,27/48) with coronary arterial aneurysms lesions were found in acute stage,15 of cases(31.2%) in subacute stage and 6 of cases(12.5%) in convalescence.119 patients(81.0%,119/147) were followed-up.During two years follow-up,the coronary artery lesions were recovered in all patients in coronary arterial dilatation group and in 77.8%(28/36) patients of medium or small coronary aneurysm group.In giant coronary aneurysm group,the mild or moderate regressions were found in 8 of 11 patients;the aneurysms turned to dilatation in 3 cases;the right coronary artery stinosis was observed in 1 case,which was conformed by coronary angiography.48 of 119 cases were given ATP stress echocardiography.The results revealed that in coronary arterial dilatation,small or medium coronary aneurysm and giant coronary aneurysm group,the incidences of wall motion abnormalities were 14.8%(4/27),58.8%(10/17)and 75.0%(3/4),respectively,and the rates of decreased coronary flow reserve were 22.2%(6/27)in patients with coronary arterial dilatation,38.1%(8/21) in patients with coronary aneurysm.the rate of decreased coronary flow reserve in coronary aneurysm group was significantly higher than that in the group of coronary artery dilatation(P 0.05).Conclusions Most of coronary artery lesions caused by Kawasaki disease were transient.The giant coronary aneurysms may exist for longer time.Echocardiography is helpful for finding the coronary artery lesions and monitoring their changes.Stress echocardiography is useful for the follow-up of Kawasaki disease.


In this paper, the status of container transportation and securing on containerships is introduced. The cause of container lost during sea transportation is analyzed. Some suggestions of container securing are put forward.


This paper design and realize a broad-band 1:4 static frequency divider MMIC in 0.7$\mu$m InGaAs/InP DHBT technology. It is realized in a complete circuit structure and can be directly used in high precision instruments and relative systems to replace divide modules. Test results show that it can operate from 1GHz to 48GHz with sine-wave input. The input power dynamic range is from -10 to 10 dBm during the whole bandwidth. The output power is all above 0dBm and the SSB phase noise is -141.15dBc/Hz at 24GHz input.


This report discusses the procedures the United States are taking to stay among the world leader in research of high energy physics.


In the late 19th century, ancient tombs were discovered near the village of Vohemar at the northeastern point of Madagascar, and subsequent excavations during the French period (1896–1945) revealed the presence of a major necropolis active from ~13th to 18th centuries. Some artefacts (Chinese ceramic shards and glass trade beads) recovered from these excavations was sent to France and now in part belong to the collection of the Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Nimes. Carnelian and glass trade beads were analyzed with a mobile Raman spectrometer, which identified different materials (soda-lime glass, quartz/moganite, carnelian/citrine, chalcedony) and coloring agents (Naples yellow, cassiterite, amber chromophore, transition metal ions, etc.). The results are compared with those obtained on beads excavated at different sites of Southern Africa and at Mayotte Island, and it appears that (most of) the beads come from southern Asia and Europe. The results confirmed the role that northern Madagascar played within the maritime networks of the Western Indian Ocean during the 15th–16th century.


Shape control within architectural structures is a natural extension to the practice of engineering and architectural design. The knowledge needed for it's development builds upon two well understood foundations: 1) the long existing knowledge that building performance and function are intimately connected to the shape of built spaces; and 2) the relatively new idea that embedded computational systems may be employed to control devices in useful and beautiful ways. When combined, each type of knowledge can be used to further architecture and engineering at both theoretical and methodological levels. Structural shape control is of major interest within architecture because it is the primary ingredient needed to produce building envelopes that change shape. Structural shape control also currently represents a major technological and methodological stumbling block for architects, posing many challenges that have theoretical and practical origins. Theoretically, responsive architectural structures demand a re-evaluation of existing notions of space making. Practically, these systems demand a re-evaluation of construction and design methodologies across both engineering and architectural practice.


In this paper, we develop a Monte Carlo based algorithm for estimating the FPT density of a time-homogeneous SDE through a time-dependent frontier. We consider Brownian bridges as well as localized Daniels curve approximations to obtain tractable estimations of the FPT probability between successive points of a simulated path of the process. Under mild assumptions, a (unique) Daniels curve local approximation can easily be obtained by explicitly solving a non-linear system of equations.


In one embodiment, the switching element includes a first electrode, a switching layer and a second electrode disposed on the substrate. And the switching layer is a second atom is doped as the dopant in the oxide or nitride, and the oxide or nitride of the first atom. Atoms and atoms of said second atom in said first atom are different from each other.


Marine ecosystems have numerous benefits for human societies around the world and many policy initiatives now seek to maintain the health of these ecosystems. To enable wise decisions, up to date and accurate information on marine species and the state of the environment they live in is required. Moreover, this information needs to be openly accessible to build indicators and conduct timely assessments that decision makers can use. The questions and problems being addressed demand global-scale investigations, transdisciplinary science, and mechanisms to integrate and distribute data that otherwise would appear to be disparate. Essential Ocean Variables and marine Essential Biodiversity Variables, conceptualized by the Global Ocean Observing System and the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, respectively, guide observation of ocean. Additionally, significant progress has been made to coordinate efforts between existing programs, such as the Global Ocean Observing System, Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, and Ocean Biogeographic Information System collaboration agreement. Globally and nationally relevant indicators and assessments require increased data sharing and sharing of analytical methods, sustained long-term and large-scale observations, and resources to dedicated to these tasks. We propose a vision and key tenets as a guiding framework for building a global integrated system for understanding marine biological diversity and processes to address policy and resource management needs. This framework includes: using Essential Ocean Variables and Essential Biodiversity Variables and implementing the principles of FAIR data and action ecology. In doing so, we can encourage relevant, rapid, and integrative scientific advancement that can be implemented by decision makers to maintain marine ecosystem health.


Soil compaction first affects physical properties, as compaction occurs when soil particles are pressed together, reducing pore space between them and increasing the soil bulk density (Lipiec & Hatano, 2003; Raper, 2005; Reintam, 2006; Reintam et al., 2009). Soil compaction also influences chemical and biological processes, such as decreasing organic carbon (C) and N mineralization, the concentration of CO2 in the soil (Conlin & Driessche, 2000), nitrification and denitrification, and activity of earthworms and other soil organisms (Ferrero et al., 2002). At high soil moisture, the difference in soil resistance between noncompacted and compacted soil is low and may be smaller than the value that limits root growth (>2 MPa). But as the soil dries, soil compaction is more observable (Hamza & Anderson, 2005). Further soil compaction effects are decreased root size, retarded root penetration, smaller rooting depth (Unger, and Kaspar, 1994), decreased plant nutrient availability and uptake (Kuchenbuch & Ingram, 2003; Reintam, 2006), and greater plant stress (Reintam et al., 2003), which are among the major reasons for reduced plant productivity and yield (Arvidsson, 1999; Reintam et al., 2009).


Theoretical background: The article concerns the concept of electromobility ecosystem development, understood as a multidimensional, multisectoral network with the features of systemic innovation. In scientific discussion and policy strategies, the transformation towards an integrated electromobility network is one of the most important paths leading to emission neutrality while maintaining the principles of closed loop. The article presents the impact of the circular economy assumptions on shaping the electromobility ecosystem. Purpose of the article: Identification of activities determining the development of the electromobility ecosystem in accordance with the principles of circular economy and a declarative assessment of their effectiveness. Research methods: The desk research method and qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were used to present and discuss the results of own research. Main findings: The concept of sustainable development of the electromobility ecosystem is a comprehensive look at the process of transforming mobility, in line with the idea of circular economy. Due to the complexity of activities, it can be concluded that its implementation will be a gradual and long-term process that requires a systemic approach. ReSOLVE's activities are the result of using breakthrough technological innovations, business models and a new mobility culture in the process of shaping the electromobility ecoPobrane z czasopisma Annales H Oeconomia http://oeconomia.annales.umcs.pl Data: 08/05/2021 06:13:29


The funding crisis in science gives information professionals in academia new opportunities to prove themselves indispensable to researchers. The figure of the "embedded librarian" in research is here presented


The invention discloses a method for purifying, energy saving and ventilating and a purification energy-saving ventilator, and particularly relates to a heat storage type heat exchanger which is used for ventilating indoors and outdoors for a building, and simultaneously purifying fresh air and recovering exhaust energy. The method is characterized in that heat exchange material in the heat exchanger is firmly fixed in a shell of the heat exchanger, and an air distribution mechanism is used for leading two paths of air to alternately pass through different parts of the heat exchange material of the heat exchanger in opposite directions; the heat exchange material is common air filtering cotton, and can exchange heat with air and prevent solid particles in the air from passing through when air passes through the heat exchange material, therefore the air can be purified during ventilation and exhaust energy recovery, and the functions of air disinfection and sterilization, humidification, temperature reduction and the like can be realized. The invention has the advantages of high heat exchange efficiency, simple and compact structure, small volume, low manufacturing cost and long service life, has multiple functions of energy recovery, air purification, humidification and temperature reduction, and provides an economic, efficient and easily popularized multifunctional fresh air ventilator for saving energy, ventilating and purifying air for commercial and household air conditioning rooms.


Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders would be possible if almost all households consume adequately iodized salt. The coverage of iodized salt in Ethiopia is irregularly increasing but the percentage of households who consumed adequately iodized salt was lower from one locality to the other. Community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to assess availability of adequately iodized salt, utilization and factors associated to adequately iodized salt among urban and rural households in Sidama zone Bensa woreda during February to March, 2015 using structured and pre-tested questionnaire interview. Multi-stage sampling technique was used. Variables having p<0.25 in the bi-variate logistic regression were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis and finally, variables having p< 0.05 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were considered as significantly associated. About 65.0% urban and 45.2% rural respondents were utilized adequately iodized salt and the proportion of urban households who utilized adequately iodized (≥15ppm) salt was significantly larger than that of rural households (Crude Odds Ratio (COR) = 2.25). Buying salt from nearby shops Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)(95% CI) = 4.61(2.96 - 7.20), using packed salt AOR(95%CI) = 4.37(1.11-17.24), access to information AOR(95% CI) = 3.99 (2.54- 6.27), income of households AOR(95%CI = 7.16(4.55-11.29), those who attended formal education AOR (95% CI) = 3.34(1.96 - 5.69) and knowledge of the participants about the benefit of iodized salt AOR (95% CI) = 4.66 (3.01 -7.22) were significantly associated with availability of adequately iodized salt during multivariate analysis. Regardless of iodized salt coverage, availability of adequately iodized salt was lower in rural areas than urban. Buying salt from nearby shops, using packed salt, access to information, educational status and knowledge of the participants about the benefit of iodized salt were significantly associated with availability of adequately iodized salt. Households should be sensitized to importance of iodized salt, how to utilize it and its proper handling at the household level by different stakeholders.


Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is transported by the sea-ships with relatively low pressure (0.13–0.14 MPa) and very low temperature (about 100 K) in cryo-containers. Liquid phase, and the low temperature of the medium is connected with its high exergy. LNG receives this exergy during the liquefaction and is related with energy consumption in this process. When the LNG is evaporated in atmospheric regasifiers (what takes place in many on-shore terminals as well as in local regasifier stations) the cryogenic exergy is totally lost. fortunately, there are a lot of installations dedicated for exergy recovery during LNG regasification. These are mainly used for the production of electricity, but there are also rare examples of utilization of the LNG cryogenic exergy for other tasks, for example it is utilized in the fruit lyophilization process. In the paper installations based on the Brayton cycle gas turbine are investigated, in the form of systems with inlet air cooling, liquid phase injection, exhaust gas based LNG evaporation and mirror gas turbine systems. The mirror gas turbine system are found most exegetically effective, while the exhaust gas heated systems the most practical in terms of own LNG consumption.


Objective To investigate the best puncturing way of arteriovenous internal fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods Three ways including direct,indirect,the cant of needle head down were applied in maintenance hemodialysis patients.The level of pain and the bleeding volume were observed.Results The patients with indirect puncturing way had the higher level of pain.The patients with direct puncturing way had bigger bleeding volume.The patients with the way of the cant of needle head down had the smallest bleeding volume and the lowest level of pain in the three ways.Conclusion The cant of needle head down is simply and effective for maintenance hemodialysis patients.


In order to find out the effect of FeSiAl powder shape on properties of microwave attenuating coatings,different shapes of FeSiAl powder are manufactured by using four types of crushing methods,and properties of FeSiAl sintering coatings are investigated.The results show that the sintering coatings possess good microwave attenuating properties with FeSiAl granule in the shape of flake or irregular edge angle,on which there are brittleness cleavage faces.The analyses show that sintering coatings with these powder shape characteristics possess higher loss tangent of permeability and attenuation constant.


On the basis of working experience from Fuding-Ningde Expressway and on-the-spot test monitoring of traffic noise;with regression curves,it is studied that the sound field distribution and the declining trend of traffic noise at either side of the expressway vettically and horizontally,the paper analyzed the effect of traffic noise at sensitive points in different locations,the effective remedy for the traffic noise pollution is recommended.


To improve the performance of space-time coding in downlink wideband correlated fading environments, a novel transmission scheme combining eigenbeamforming and OFDM is proposed. Provided that the channel correlated statistics are available at the transmitter, the wideband correlated fading channels can be converted into an independent FIR channel with 2 transmitting antennas and N receiving antennas by eigenbeamforming and reducing the dimensions. Then OFDM is utilized to convert this FIR channel into a group of independently parallel subchannels to carry space-time codes. With the new structure, the performance of space-time coding over downlink wideband correlated fading channels has been greatly improved and the complexity of the system has greatly decreased. The validity of the proposed system is verified by simulations under different conditions and a comparison is made of the new structure with the structure available theoretically and computationally.


The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Langley Research Center (LaRC) and the Environmental Measurement and Modeling Division of the United States Department of Transportation's John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe) conducted a noise measurement study to examine the sound level directivity pattern behind aircraft start-of-takeoff roll. This report discusses the procedures and methodologies used to measure and quantify data acquired from the Study.


BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
Bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension is a novel, prolonged-release formulation of bupivacaine. The time to onset of analgesia following an injection of liposome bupivacaine compared with placebo (normal saline) was investigated using a novel incisional pain model. Bupivacaine HCl was used as a positive control, compared with placebo to verify the validity of the study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this Phase 1, single-blind, crossover study, healthy volunteers (n = 132) were randomized to four sequential cohorts to receive subcutaneous normal saline in one arm and either liposome bupivacaine 40 mg or bupivacaine HCl 7.5 mg in the other. At 30, 15, 5, and 2 minutes after study drug administration for Cohorts 1 - 4 respectively, an incision was made in each arm and 18% acetic acid solution was applied to elicit pain. The primary outcome measure was a subject's assessment of pain intensity on a 100 mm visual analog scale.

RESULTS
Statistically significant differences in pain intensity scores between liposome bupivacaine and normal saline were observed at 30, 15, 5, and 2 minutes postdose; similar findings were reported for bupivacaine HCl vs. normal saline. Both liposome bupivacaine and bupivacaine HCl were well tolerated and achieved > 30% pain reduction, normalized to placebo, within 5 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that liposome bupivacaine offers time to onset characteristics similar to traditional bupivacaine HCl: clinically meaningful analgesia within 2 minutes after administration and substantial analgesia by 5 minutes.


Lime reactivity is the most used identification parameter for lime quality. The reaction may vary in its rate and maximum reached temperature. In this study, the influence of the properties of limestone on the course of the reaction is studied. The samples are thoroughly examined from a geological point of view (geological age and origin, genesis and diagenesis) and their physicochemical properties are described (total porosity, limestone category, chemical analysis, insoluble residue). Different temperatures and isothermal loads were selected to study the effect of the burning process on the lime microstructure. The newly formed CaO is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM images). Lime reactivity analysis is performed, and different reaction courses are compared.


The vector correlations between products and reagents for the reactions H+CH→ H2+C( 1 D) at different collision energy have been studied by using the quasi- classical trajectories (QCT) on an ab initio potential energy surface of 1A' symmetry. Four polarization-dependent generalized differential cross-sections (PDDCSs) have been calculated in center-of-mass (CM) frame. The distribution P(qr) of the angle be- tween k and j ' , the distribution P(fr) of dihedral angle denoting k−k ' − jcorrelation in the form of polar plots are calculated as well. The effect of deep well in potential surface and differ collision energies on the alignment and the orientation of product molecule H2 rotational angular momentum vectors jis revealed.


In recent decades, the clinical procedures surrounding informed consent in healthcare settings have
experienced a revolution for the better. However, the method by which doctors get informed consent is still
challenging. The causes of this ambiguity are numerous. Part of the doubt stems from the intellectual dullness of key
foundational notions. The complexities of therapeutic communication, the importance of autonomy, and the changing nature of
the doctor-patient relationship have all contributed to the ongoing uncertainty in many clinical settings. Many patients who face
medical dilemmas are unsure of which therapy options to take. The informed consent helps in minimizing uncertainty and
empowering patients' in choosing clinical decisions.


Based on classical string vibration theory,the finite element model for vibration analysis of stay cable was created,and a method of iteratively computing stay cable balance curve considering flexural rigidity was proposed.The influence of flexural rigidity on stay cable balance curve was discussed,the curves of distance-sagging ratio varying with tension/bending stiffness ratio was plotted,and the regularity of the bigger the flexural rigidity,the smaller the sagging of stay cables was presented.The modes of 25 pairs of cable of Xichang cable stayed bridge were accurately analyzed,the mode crossover of stay cables was testified by finite element method,the curves of frequency and mode shape varying with cable force were separately plotted,the changing rule of cable frequency was induced,the practical cable force computing method was proposed,frequency-difference method was adopted to judge the order of actual measured frequencies,and the second order frequency was used to compute cable force.The engineering instance analysis testified that the method of iteratively computing stay cable balance curve considering flexural rigidity could rule out errors caused by mode crossover,and could be applied to stay cables with any lengths and forces in any construction periods.


Action anticipation and forecasting in videos do not require a hat-trick, as far as there are signs in the context to foresee how actions are going to be deployed. Capturing these signs is hard because the context includes the past. We propose an end-to-end network for action anticipation and forecasting with memory, to both anticipate the current action and foresee the next one. Experiments on action sequence datasets show excellent results indicating that training on histories with a dynamic memory can significantly improve forecasting performance.


[Objective] To understand the status of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in Nanchang District of Wuxi City from 2009-2011,provide a basis for further implementation of vision prevention in adolescents,find out the influencing factors,and develop the preventive strategies.[Methods]The field visual inspection was conducted in students from 15 primary schools and 4 secondary schools in Nanchang District.The visual acuity of left and right eye of students was respectively detected by standardized logarithmic visual light box.[Results] A total of 50 054 students were investigated during 2009-2011,the incidence rate of poor eyesight was 38.47%,and the annual incidence rate was 39.07%,38.26% and 38.08%,respectively.The incidence rate of poor eyesight increased with increasing grade,and there was significant difference in the incidence of poor eyesight among different grades.[Conclusion]The vision status of primary and middle school students Nanchang District is not optimistic.The related departments should improve the schoolhouse hardware and learning environment,strengthen the education of visual acuity protection,and provide the effective and safe measures of prevention and treatment,in order to effectively control the occurrence and development of myopia.


At present,the need of collaborative development for complex product can not be met by general data integration method.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of collaborative development for complex product,a new data integration method based on Grid and RDF was proposed.Grid technology was used to solve the distributed and heterogeneous problem of data accessing,and RDF technology was used to solve semantic heterogeneity between data sources,and eligible data source was obtained by the selecting approach based on QoS.Finally,an example was given to demonstrate the validity and rationality of the proposed method.


An investigation was conducted to determine the static mechanical properties of a 30 x 11.5 to 14.5, Type 8, bias-ply and radial-belted aircraft tire. The properties measured were the spring rate and damping characteristics of each tire from vertical- and lateral-loading hysteresis loops. Mass moment of inertia tests were also conducted. The results of the study are presented along with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of tire.


Two events are exchangeable for an agent when she is indifferent to permutations of their outcomes. Such events are thus revealed to be equally likely. If they are complementary, the subjective probability associated with each event should be 1/2 (assuming the additivity of the probability measure). This paper reports the results of an experiment that elicits probabilities through exchangeable events. The experiment shows that this method does not suffer from source dependence, i.e., the preference for betting on some events based on knowledge about the mechanism that generates them. However, it also highlights how additivity might be violated. This paper deduces the practical implications of these results.


Modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and rapid fluorescence induction kinetics were used to evaluate the functions of photosystem II (PSII) photochemsitry in sorghum leaves exposed to salinity (0–100 mM NaCl) and/or high temperature stress (30–50°C). No differences were detected in the steady- state fluorescence parameters and rapid fluorescence induction kinetics in salt-stressed leaves, indicating that PSII was highly resistant to salinity stress alone. However, salinity stress modified the responses of PSII to high temperature. When the temperature was above 45°C, the thermostability of PSII was strongly enhanced in salt-stressed leaves, which was reflected in a smaller decrease in maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry, coefficients of photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, and efficiency of excitation capture by open PSII reaction centres, and in a smaller increase in the proportion of the QB-non-reducing PSII centres in salt-stressed leaves than in control leaves. This increased thermostability in salt-stressed leaves exposed to high temperature seemed to be independent of the imposed salt concentration since there were no significant variations in the above fluorescence parameters among the salt-stressed plants treated with different salt concentrations. The results are discussed in terms of the physiological significance of such increased resistance of PSII to high temperature.


The purpose of this study is to explore the benefits of sports tourism on city marketing. In recent years, Taiwan has been actively striving for the marketing of large-scale sports events in the development of international sports. The host city uses the resources invested before the holding of the sports event to develop sports tourism attractions, develop sports tourism policies, and make good use of marketing and promotion strategies to shape the city's image; and uses media marketing as a tourism promotion tool to expand Taiwan's sports tourism facets which would bring huge tourism effects. This study organizes the research of past scholars by way of literature discussion, and then collects, organizes and analyzes the data. It is concluded that Taiwan has opened up its international reputation through international large-scale sports events and city marketing. From the experience of hosting international large-scale events, Taiwan not only attracts countless domestic and foreign tourists, but also promotes its city's culture, tourism, and economy. The vigorous development of related industries, the enhancement of sports tourism quality and the improvement of sports tourism image in Taiwan are also achieved. Finally, international large-scale events revitalize the city to bring business opportunities and make such events the pride of the city. Therefore, this study serves as a reference for future exploration of sports tourism development and city marketing issues, integrating relevant resources, and providing reference for relevant organizations to jointly build Taiwan as a sports tourism island.

JEL: L10; L80; L83

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Literary exarnples of how the environmental conditions and the moral and social concems influence the formation of traditions. Starting wih a simple pilgrimage miracle, persons and circumstances are added and it finally ends up transforming the moral motivations and teachings which such an event would give.


The presence of certain metals in oil extracted from t a r sands can have undesirable catalytic effects on refining and combustion. The cumulative effect of some of these metals on refining makes even t race amounts a ser ious problem. The technique of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) provides a sensitive means of detecting metal ions which exhibit the property of paramagnet ism such as V4+, Mn2+ and Fe3+.


It is common to view interest on a corporate bond as reflecting the risk-free, longer-term interest rate, such as that on a 10-year Treasury bond, plus a spread related to the credit risk of the corporation issuing the bond. However, empirical analysis of the determinants of corporate bond rates has turned out to be more demanding than it appears on the surface. This has led researchers to talk about a credit spread puzzle. In this Economic Letter we will first detail the evidence for the existence of such a credit spread puzzle. In a second step we will take a closer look at some of the pieces that go into explaining the puzzle.


The promotion aims to introduce and disseminate the products and services available at the library to increase user interest and increase the utilization and utilization of the library in enhancing the reading culture of its users. In this study, the strategic management method and the output of this research was the formulation of a suitable library promotion strategy to be implemented in the STIQSI library. In addition, SWOT analysis is also used, namely the identification of various factors systematically to formulate a library strategy. This analysis is based on logic that can maximize strengths and opportunities while minimizing weaknesses and threats. The subjects in the study were STIQSI librarians who knew extensively about the internal and external factors of the STIQSI library. At the same time, the object of this research is a library promotion strategy using strategic management methods, including two stages: environmental analysis and strategy formulation. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach because this research will describe the formulation of the STIQSI library promotion strategy. The researcher collect data according to conditions in the field without manipulating the data obtained. This research found that the STIQSI Library still requires various efforts to promote the library. It is intended to increase interest in reading and visiting the library. Some forms of promotion that the STIQSI Library can carry out are: creating social media and websites, procuring activities such as training in information retrieval skills, procuring library holiday commemorations, providing scientific and popular writing training, and training on accessing journals and journal databases. It is hoped that these activities can help the STIQSI Library in terms of promoting a better library


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Core Level and Valence Band Studies of the Novel Iron Pnictide Superconductors DANIEL GARCIA, University of California, Berkeley, CHRIS JOZWIAK, CHOONKYU HWANG, ALEXEI FEDOROV, STEPHEN HANRAHAN, STEVEN WILSON, COSTEL ROTUNDU, BYRON FREELON, ROBERT BIRGENEAU, EDITH BOURRET-COURCHESNE, ALESSANDRA LANZARA — Towards understanding the physics of the superconducting iron pnictides, critical information can be gained through exploring the electronic structure of these novel materials. We have used photoemission spectroscopy to study the LaFeAsO1−xFx and the PrFeAsO1−xFx superconductor. The evolution of valence band density of states, hybridization energy, Fermi surface topology and many body interaction are presented as a function of doping, photon energy and temperature. We explore the significance of these results to the question of electron correlation and spin physics in these Fe-based superconductors. Daniel Garcia University of California, Berkeley Date submitted: 21 Nov 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


Restin is a member of the melanoma‐associated antigen (MAGE) superfamily. Its expression has been reported to be up‐ or downregulated in cancer. Preclinical data suggest it is a tumor suppressor. In this study, we aimed to evaluate restin expression and prognostic value in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).


[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the feasibility of the aerobic SBR process for the fecalsewage with high concn.[Method] The self-designed SBR reactor was used to inoculate the sludge for the activated sludge domestication.Through adjusting the backflow of the effluent,adding the ammonia nitrogen stripping technology,the fecalsewage in the septic tank with high concn.was treated.[Result] The SBR reactor was stable in the operation and had good treatment effect on COD,total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen.Under the conditions of the ammonia stripping 50% in the raw water and the effluent 100% reflux,the effluent COD concn.of 80% could be less than 150 mg / L,total nitrogen removal rate could reach 60%-70%,the ammonia nitrogen removal rate could reach more than 90%,the effluent concn.could be stable to achieve 25 mg/L and the effluent SS content was lower than 200 mg/L.[Conclusion] In the whole SBR running processes,the active sludge could maintain good traits,the active sludge index was in 100 or so,its settlement performance kept good,the suspended content in the effluent was all less than 200 mg/L,meeting the expected goal.MLSS/MLVSS values kept between 0.65 and 0.70 and the activity of sludge was ideal.


The faculty with high quality is the basic guarantee of promoting the quality-oriented education."Good teacher and helpful friend,learned scholar and kind educator" is a key for teachers in a teacher's qualityoriented education.In addition,the college English teachers' quality has its specific characteristics,so the construction of the college English teachers'quality that should adapt to the quality-oriented education has become a key to the present education of college English.The paper explores the college English teachers' qualities like their charm of personality,quality and ability of teaching,professional skills,ability of scientific research,ideas and ability of establishing a new relationship between the teacher and the students,etc.


The effect of highly preheated combustion air on the spatial distributions of flame fluctuations and temperature is presented here. Several propane flames, produced with the cross-flow diffusion of gas into highly preheated combustion air having controlled oxygen content, have been examined here by an array of thermocouples and a spectrovideo camera consisting of a monochromator and a high speed UV video camera. Spontaneous emission signal of flames produced from the regenerative combustion system was passed through the monochromator to construct a spectroscopically resolved image. The time resolved images were observed by the high speed UV video camera. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was then applied to each image, at each pixel location of the detector in the video camera. This provided frequency-domain spectra, which then also allowed one to reconstruct the two-dimensional distribution of flame fluctuation. The results show that lame fluctuations in the high temperature combustion region are significantly lower with highly preheated combustion air. The two-dimensional profiles of the flame vibrational temperature, based on modified two-line method of two C{sub 2} bands, indicate that dilution of the preheated air drastically reduces the temperature gradient. The two-dimensional profiles of temperature as well as their fluctuations were measured by a thermocouplemore » array at 24 points in the combustion chamber. The results indicated tendencies similar to those obtained spectroscopically, i.e., a drastic decrease in the flame fluctuations with highly preheated combustion air. The thermal field uniformity with high temperature combustion air was found to be improved even at low oxygen concentrations in the air.« less


Inserting foreign bodies into the male and female urethra, which occurs mostly due to psychiatric and urethral problems, is a rare condition. These patients can present with obstruction of the urethra due to these foreign bodies. These foreign bodies can reach into the bladder in women due to female urethra's short structure; observing foreign bodies in the urethra in men is therefore more uncommon.
While self-insertion of foreign bodies into the urethra in men is usually due to erotic stimulation, we present the case of an elderly male patient who had inserted a foreign object into the bladder to fix urine flow. In this study, we present the diagnosis and treatment of a 62-year-old male patient, who previosly had diffuculties in micturation and was admitted to the emergency room with acute urinary retention due to a foreign body detected in the urethra during evoluation.


Previously, we observed higher production of inflammatory cytokines and higher expression of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) by immune cells from obese mice. The changes in signaling pathways through NOD2 protein were investigated to understand the mechanisms involved in inflammatory response associated with obesity. Four‐wk‐old C57BL mice were fed diets containing 10% energy from fat (Control) or 45% energy from fat (HFD) for 18 wks. HFD group gained significantly more weight than the Control. Splenocytes (1 x 107 cells) were stimulated with 10 µg/mL peptidoglycan for 6 or 24 hrs. Production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐1β and IL‐6, were significantly higher in HFD compared with Control. The mRNA levels of Nod2, Nlrp3 and IL‐18 were significantly higher in HFD compared with Control (49%, 89%, and 76% higher in HFD than Control, respectively). The protein expression of NOD2, pIκB/IκB, and caspase‐1 p10 (cleavage form) were higher in HFD compared with Control, but, there was no difference in the expression of pERK/ERK. Increased expression of NOD2 and NLRP3 with obesity might have contributed to higher caspase‐1 activation, leading to higher IL‐18 expression and IL‐1 β production. In conclusion, increased NOD2 expression with obesity seemed to lead to NF‐κB and Caspase‐1 activations, but, not ERK activation.


Abstract : Breast cancer is a disease that accounts for a disturbingly large number of deaths in females each year. Its prevalence is a topic of concern to all of us since it can affect our families, friends, and coworkers. Although mammographic screening is the most effective method currently available for the early detection of breast cancer, it is far from being an infallible procedure. Mammographic reading is error prone, partly because of the complexity of the task and partly because of the variability in human performance. Computers offer high reproducibility, and when used as an adjunct by the radiologist, may improve diagnostic accuracy and thus the mammographic screening process. The goal of this research was to create using MATLAB version 4.2 (UNIX) and the MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox a menu-based, mouse-driven, and keyboard interactive Mammography Image Processing Program that would support the future research and development of complex segmentation, feature extraction, and classification algorithms. McCall's software quality factors are used on a general level to assess the program's operational characteristics, ability to undergo change, and adaptability to new environments. An important criteria driving this research was to build a platform that would provide full source code accountability so that errors in earlier image processing stages could be fixed and not allowed to propagate through to later stages.


ABSTRACT: To determine whether maturation alters endothelium-dependent responses in porcine pulmonary arteries, rings, with and without endothelium, of small pulmonary arteries taken from piglets of 3, 10, and 30 d of age were suspended in organ chambers filled with buffered salt solution, bubbled with 95% O2-5% CO2, and maintained at 37°C. These studies were performed in the presence of indomethacin (10−5 M) to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. In rings without endothelium, potassium chloride (10−2 to 8.5 × 10−2 M) and histamine (10−9 to 10−5 M) caused concentration-dependent contractions. When normalized to maximal contractions achieved to each agonist, the concentration-effect curves to potassium chloride and histamine in rings without endothelium were similar at each age. Rings with endothelium showed a progressive shift to the right of the concentration-effect curve to histamine, possibly secondary to an increase in the basal release of, or responsiveness to, the endothelium-derived relaxing factor with maturation. Relaxations to sodium nitroprusside (10−9 to 10−5 M) were unaffected by age. In precontracted rings, acetylcholine (10−9 to 10−6 M), bradykinin (10−10 to 10−6 M), and the calcium ionophore A23187 (10−9 to 10−6 M) caused relaxations in rings with endothelium, but not in those without endothelium, which were greater at 10 and 30 d compared to 3 d; further augmentation at 30 d compared to 10 d was not observed. In rings without endothelium, changes in the responsiveness to nitric oxide (10−9 to 10−5 M), one of the proposed endothelium-derived relaxing factors, with age were comparable to those observed with endothelium-dependent relaxing agents. These studies demonstrate that endothelium-dependent relaxations increase with age, possibly due to changes in sensitivity of the smooth muscle to the endothelium-derived relaxing factor.


The chief cause of packet loss is the variability of end-to-end delay due to queuing at intermediate nodes. The queuing discipline used within the network directly affects this delay variance. In an integrated environment, scheduling must provide adequate performance for all classes. Simulation was used to compare the performance of several queuing disciplines for trunk scheduling at a packet switch with only voice traffic. A delay-dependent priority scheme, the budgeted residual-life-dependent discipline (BURD), resulted in the lowest packet loss rate at the node. BURD and a head-of-line discipline were then used to construct scheduling policies for networks with integrated traffic. It was found possible to approximate the performance of the delay-dependent priority schemes using more easily implemented head-of-line schemes and still provide adequate service for data traffic.<<ETX>>


Implementing current vaccine recommendations can save thousands of lives and decrease illness among persons 50 years of age and older.


Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is a possible alternative to conventional puddled transplantedrice, where rice crop is seeded directly in non-puddled fields. The study was conducted toascertain the adoption status of recommended practices of DSR. Personal interviews wereconducted to collect data from randomly selected 210 farmers from three districtsrepresenting different agro-climatic regions of Punjab. Study revealed that selected farmershad adopted DSR on 49.20 per cent of their total area under paddy cultivation. Slightlyhigher number of selected farmers had adopted Tar-Wattar, a new technique of DSR overdry soil method. Only 18.52 per cent respondents had applied first irrigation as perrecommendations of Tar-Wattar method, whereas majority (67.59%) had applied firstirrigation before 21 days. 26.67 per cent farmers had adopted most suitable variety PR-126 and sown it at recommended time. However, in case of other varieties, majority offarmers did not follow recommended time of sowing. A smaller number of farmers haveapplied zinc, iron and sulphur fertilizers to ameliorate micro nutrient deficiencies. Averageyield of others varieties and PR 126 were found to be nearly identical, but due to lessercost of cultivation in DSR as compared to transplanted rice, adopter farmers' fetched highernet return.


Music As A Vehicle For The Development Of Learning At Preschool. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how music develops language skills revealing their connection, not only as a motivator but as a factor in the development of oral language and learning processes. The research work includes an overview of cognitive-emotional development of children in preschool, according to what is postulated by Jean Piaget and the influence of music on the improvement of these processes, and provides some tools for teachers on how to use music to enhance the learning of children at this stage.


Purpose: To report a case of unilateral blindness following nasal septoplasty. Method: A 38 years old man, who referred to ophthalmology service one day after nasal septoplasty. He complained of vision loss in his right eye and right eye lids swelling and ecchymosis. The paranasal and orbital computed tomography scan revealed direct traumatic lesion to medial part of optic nerve in orbital apex. Result: Ophthalmic examination revealed a visual acuity of no light perception in right eye and 20/20 in left eye. There was positive marcus gunn in right eye and no direct reaction to light.Indirect ophthalmoscopy was normal in both eyes. Conclusion: Nasal septoplasty is an otorhinolaryngology surgical procedure that performed frequently for the correction of nasal septal deviation. It can be associated with baneful complications Unilateral blindness is a rare, complication of nasal septoplasty. Keywords: Blindness; Nasal septoplasty; Optic nerve injury.


The aim of the study was to gather information necessary for the examination of the river Ćehotina water quality as well as the air pollution in the urban area of Pljevlja (far north of Montenegro), from 2011 until 2018. The water quality of the Ćehotina River was observed by the Water Quality Index (WQI) method, based on ten physicochemical and microbiological parameters from five hydrological stations. In order to examine the air quality, we used data on the concentration of the PM10 particles from the station located in the center of Pljevlja. The obtained results of river water quality indicate that the situation was disturbing (bad quality dominates). The results of the air quality analysis indicate that the situation has been alarming and Pljevlja itself as a "hot spot" of Montenegro. Annual, seasonal and daily mean concentrations of PM10 particles were above the prescribed limit values, except during summer. Sources of pollution were mostly known, and in order to protect public health, it is necessary to take appropriate measures as soon as possible, primarily the introduction of modern exhaust gas treatment technology TPP ''Pljevlja'' and construction of a heating plant that would replace numerous individual (home) fireplaces in Pljevlja.


Laboratory tests were undertaken to assess kininogen and kinin levels in venous plasma during pregnancy and labor. A control group of 18 normal adult men and women and a study group of 54 pregnant women some of whom were tested several times during pregnancy were studied. The laboratory procedures are explained and the results described tabulated and graphed. Kininogen levels were found to be significantly higher in the pregnant women than in either the control males or the control females. The period of gestation and plasma kinonogen levels were found to be linearly and positively correlated. Differences between the study and the control groups as to mean plasma kinin levels were not significant in most cases. There was no significant linear correlation between kinin and kininogen levels in plasma in any of the groups studied. No definite trends were found in the kinin or kininogen levels at delivery. Results from this study are compared with those from previous studies in the field.


The article deals with the problem of assessing the optimalvolume and period for the replacement of ship equipment. Theintroduction analyses the character and the volume of technicalmaintenance and the repair of the ship equipment, certainassemblies and elements of that equipment. Possible tasks andvarious ways in which they can be solved are defined. The statisticalmodelling of random processes is particularly stressed.Eventually, the numerical example of statistical modelling oftechnical maintenance and the assessment of the optimal replacementperiod of the ship pump bearing is given.


In this paper we analyze the stability and two-phase dynamics of the equilibrium water distributions inside the porous media of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell gas diffusion layer (GDL), which is described with first and second-order parabolic partial differential equations (PDE). A Lyapunov function-based stability criterion is implemented for the liquid mass continuity PDE, while physics and math-based arguments are used to demonstrate a key range of liquid distribution that cannot attain equilibrium. The quantity of water within the fuel cell directly affects performance, efficiency, and durability. High membrane humidity is desirable for proton conductivity, yet excess liquid water in the anode has been experimentally shown to be a cause of output voltage degradation. We identify the unstable state(s) representing unbounded growth of liquid water and show that stabilization of channel water mass is sufficient for a stable liquid distribution.


This paper describes several new improvements of modular arithmetic and how to exploit them in order to gain more efficient implementations of commonly used algorithms, especially in cryptographic applications. We further present a new record for modular multiplications per second on a single desktop computer as well as a new record for the ECM factoring algorithm. This new results allow building personal computers which can handle more than 3 billion modular multiplications per second for a 192 bit module at moderate costs using modern graphic cards.


The object of this paper is to extend the concept of β-admissible for multivalued mappings due to Mohammadi et al. [B. Mohammadi, S. Rezapour and N. Shahzad, Some results on fixed points of α-ψ-Ciric generalized multifunctions, Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2013 (2013), 24] to fuzzy mappings and utilize this concept to prove a common α-fuzzy fixed point theorem for a pair of fuzzy mappings. We also give illustrative example which demonstrate the validity of the hypotheses of our results. Some related results to common fixed point for multivalued mappings are also derived from the main result.


We study a generalization of the classic Online Joint Replenishment Problem (JRP) with Delays that we call the Online Weighted Cardinality JRP with Delays. The JRP is an extensively studied inventory management problem wherein requests for different item types arrive at various points in time. A request is served by ordering its corresponding item type. The cost of serving a set of requests depends on the item types ordered. Furthermore, each request incurs a delay penalty while it is left unserved. The objective is to minimise the total service and delay costs. In the Weighted Cardinality JRP, each item type has a positive weight and the cost of ordering is a non-decreasing, concave function of the total weight of the item types ordered. This problem was first considered in the offline setting by Cheung et al. (2015) but nothing is known in the online setting. Our main result is a deterministic, constant competitive algorithm for this problem.


Précis. This volume explores the contributions of sociobiology for an understanding of a wide range of conflictual behaviors among humans. While specifically focusing upon inclusive fitness theory, contributing authors forge ties between sociobiological propositions and data on conflict and cooperation from a wide range of disciplines, including sociology, social psychology, and political science, among others.


Metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles (NPs), ranging in size from 1–200 nm, have unique functional properties that differ from their bulk materials and their component atoms or molecules. These unique properties have driven the demand for nano-sized materials and new methods to synthesize NPs, which are used in drug delivery systems, bio-imaging agents, catalysts, photonics, and optical devices. Inorganic NPs can be synthesized with a variety of methods that impart size, shape, and other structural properties. Cobalt-based NPs, for instance, display unique size and shape-dependent magnetic properties, while the band gap, UV blocking properties and stability of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs enable new applications in products ranging from cosmetics to solar cell power.


Analysis of curriculum of GPS principles and application,as well as in theory and practice of teaching were brought forward in this paper.According to GPS technology development and focusing on the culture of China's compass navigation urgent need for qualified personnel,optimization of the curriculum allocation,teaching staff training and reforms of teaching implementation should be carry out,focusing on curriculum building and proper use of modern teaching methods and practical session.For navigation personnel training objectives,we should highlight the principles of GPS technology and GPS receiver technology to adapt to China's second-generation navigation's need and to cultivate talents for our country.


This paper discusses the location criteria that must be assessed before establishing a regional treasury centre. Such criteria include tax, educational and banking system reforms, political and economic stability, comprehensive legislation, strong regulatory and supervisory frameworks, low costs for business operations, etc. In particular, the paper investigates the location criteria that must be evaluated when establishing a regional treasury centre in South-East Asia, considering the exceptional position of Singapore and Hong Kong there. The discussion in the present paper has been developed further (see Note).


This is a differential tripping device, the trigger mechanism (24) is adapted to act on the tripping member of a main tripping device in case of earth fault. According to the invention, this trigger mechanism (24) comprises, for this action, a main lever (44), and, coupled with the maneuver lever of the main tripping device, a maneuvering handle (60) , which is capable of systematically ensuring by itself, under the action of its return spring (63), an automatic reset of the main lever (44) before reaching its own release position. particularly applicable to circuit breakers.


Solar Air Drying is one of the oldest method of food preservation. For several thousand years people have been preserving grapes, herbs, Potato's, corn, milk, fruits, vegetables, spices, meat and fish by drying. Until canning was developed at the end of the 18th century, drying was virtually the only method of food preservation. It is still the most widely used method. Solar Drying is an excellent way to preserve food and solar food dryers are an appropriate food preservation technology for a sustainable world. This technology makes it possible to dehydrate and preserve food professionally without compromising on quality, color, texture, enzymes, vitamins, taste and nutritional values of foods in the process. Food scientists have found that by reducing the moisture content of food to between 10 and 20%, bacteria, yeast, mold and enzymes are all prevented from spoiling it. India is blessed with an abundance of sunlight, water and biomass. Vigorous efforts during the past two decades are now bearing fruit as people in all walks of life are more aware of the benefits of renewable energy, especially solar energy in villages and in urban or semi-urban centers of India. Industries that can benefit from application of solar energy to heat air are Food, Textiles, Dairies, Pharma and Chemical. This paper reviews the present scenario of Solar Air Dryer and strategies for future developments in India.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


In 1957, the governments of Spain and USA, through the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Museo del Prado, produced the exchange between a group of paintings from San Baudelio de Berlanga and the apse of San Martin de Fuentiduena. The apse was carefully drawn, all stones were numbered before dismounting and transfered them to its new location in The Cloisters museum. That work, demonstrated the high degree of professionalism and knowledge by Alejandro Ferrant Vazquez. As the dismantling workers were not the same than in the rebuilding, the architect shaped with sharpness many drawings, complemented by an extensive photo album, from the constructive disposal to the irregular bed rows of each stone. This methodology, used in other transfers, provides a useful technical paper on such controversial matters as the transfer of monuments.


The vigorous aesthetic color of death makes the Japanese films unique in the field of film in Asia or even in the world.Reflection and narration of death are not only the choice of traditional thinking and aesthetic tendencies,but also highlights the Japanese rational reflection and philosophical speculation.As cultural products based on audio-visual arts,TV series are greatly influenced by films in the selection of content or in narration.After sorting out the death themes in the Japanese TV dramas,we found how death came into the narrative space of life,how it became the narrating means of expressing the contemporary's survival status and their emotion world,showing the unique narrative approach and aesthetic style.


Magnetically-hard nanocomposites are attractive materials for integration in various microsys-tems and for building next generation permanent magnets. However, exploiting their full potential requires to control their microstructure at the nanometre scale. Studying these materials in model systems synthesised by nanofabrication routes gives interesting insights about the interplay between the microstructure and the magnetic performances. Here, by using a combination of mass-selected low energy cluster beam deposition and electron-beam evaporation, we have prepared nanocomposite films where Co nanoinclusions are integrated in a hard magnetic FePt matrix. Local atomic structures and element selective magnetic properties of such nanocomposites have been thoroughly investigated using polarisation dependent hard X-ray absorption spectroscopies. These results demonstrate that magnetically soft inclusions are stabilised at room temperature, emphasising the role of the interdiffusion in the preparation of nanocomposites.


Competitive advantage has always been an issue of discussion ever since the advent of strategic management as a field of study and practice. Michael Porter was the first to make the term popular in the early 80s and he was so successful in attracting the scholars' attention to the idea of competitive advantage that it became the keyword of strategic management and the heart of running a business. Several researches and studies have been conducted to understand the definition of competitive advantage and sustainability of competitive advantage. However, in all the efforts, one major item seems to have been lack of and that is an aggregating approach in conceptualizing competitive advantage to test what level of diversity may seem to exist in defining competitive advantage and sustainable competitive advantage.This study intends to conceptualize competitive advantage in order to understand how various the opinions are and also to survey the literature of strategic management as to find the concentrations on the subject of sustainable competitive advantage.The studies revealed that there is a considerable diversity among the views of scholars with respect to competitive advantage and also sustainability of competitive advantage. It is implied that the different conceptualizations of competitive advantage may lead to different mental models and as a result to different practical implications. Therefore, the existing diversity must be taken seriously since there are always prescriptive suggestions in the achievements of strategic management and specifically its central topic, namely competitive advantage.


Summary Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease with the highest prevalence during the teenage years. The depiction of acne in animated television cartoons tends to follow a common plot, with a major character developing a single, large pimple. The comedone distresses the character and acquaintances may belittle the character, but the lesion resolves and the character learns a valuable life lesson. The portrayal of acne in films is much more varied than cartoons. Films typically use acne depictions to signal a negative aspect about characters. The five cartoons and five films detailed in this paper contain a variety of social and psychological responses to acne which demonstrate how such a common skin disorder can carry considerable social stigma. Cartoons and films may actually cause more harm than good by reinforcing negative cultural stereotypes about acne.


Nowadays, accounting has special position and plays an important role in economic, trade and manufacturing currents. If can define accounting as "The process of identifying, measuring, classifying and reporting of financial information in order to create an opportunity for international and logical decision for users of financial information.(American Accounting Association Committee 1973)", can seek part of this importance from the definition mentioned above. providing information in order to create a basis for logical decision making is an important issue covering all aspects of activities of the companies.


For the open architecture of application platform and security issue of attacks, a new trusted application platform architecture based on Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is proposed, the new architecture can achieve self-recovery while the trusted bootstarp failed and provide the identity authentication below operation system level. Through integrality measurement of TPM, trusted chain pass, trusted bootstarp and the identity authentication below operation system level, the reliable security computing and storage circumstance can be achieved, by this mechanism the higher security and dependability is given to the trusted application platform. Keywords-Trusted Platform Module(TPM); Integrity Measurement; Identity Authentication; Trusted Bootstarp; System Recovery


With the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities,the adult higher education comes to reduce in quality and quantity recent years in China.The adult higher education has been facing with the unprecedented challenge.We should insist on the student-oriented principle,form the characteristics of running school,insistence innovation,and perfect teaching quality guarantee system so that the adult higher education can develop healthily and stably.


The purpose of this review is to give an overview of craniosynostosis, targeted for the nonsurgeon, with emphasis on those aspects of craniosynostosis that could be of interest to the clinician treating deformational plagiocephaly. In particular, the orthotist could be involved in the treatment of both nonsynostotic deformational plagiocephaly and craniosynostosis by providing a cranial molding orthosis in both of these distinct clinical entities. The nomenclature applied in the description of these entities can lead to confusion with regard to diagnosis. Other articles in this themed issue describe in detail the treatment of deformational plagiocephaly. The focus here is on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, natural history, and surgical treatment of craniosynostosis. Differentiation of craniosynostosis from nonsynostotic deformational plagiocephaly is important, and methods to distinguish these entities are discussed as appropriate.


The Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in southeastern Utah consists of nonmarine strata deposited in a back-arc cratonic basin. Architectural analysis of exposures in subparallel canyons reveals an intricately interbedded fluvial-deltaic-lacustrine system characterized by (1) mobile fluvial-channel belts consisting of stacked channel complexes; (2) overbank deposits of levees, paleosols, marshes, and small flood-plain lakes interfingered with crevasse splays and lacustrine deltas; and (3) extensive lacustrine strata deposited over the entire study area. Stratigraphic panels using closely spaced measured sections drawn either perpendicular or parallel to depositional dip show lateral facies relations within the extra-channel strata and the relations to channel complexes. Successions of panels through several canyons depict the three-dimensional architecture of the Chinle depositional system.


Inadequate hydraulic protection of sewage treatment works during wet-weather can lead to flooding, and flushing out of biological treatment processes. Most treatment works therefore have emergency overflow facilities, such that excess flows are diverted either to a watercourse, or to a temporary storage chamber. A common regulatory requirement in the UK relating to discharges to watercourses calls for the removal of particles larger than 6 mm. This has lead to the wide-scale adoption of storm screening systems. The paper describes the Hydro-Jet™ Screen, a non-powered, no moving part screening system that utilises a unique hydraulic back-washing process to maintain itself during operation. In particular, the paper describes a version of the system that has been developed specifically for use at small treatment works. The system in question, the 'Low Flow' Hydro-Jet™ Screen also features a novel flow control arrangement that allows flows to be regulated to as little as 6 l/s while maintaining minimum clearances of 150 mm throughout.


The review provides news in the field of legislation, information on initiatives in the field of labor protection and industrial safety.


The temperature of 225-μm-dia decane droplets, which have fallen 100 mm through a hot quiescent, oxygen-free environment, has been measured using exciplex fluorescence thermometry. The droplets were doped with pyrene, and the relative intensities of pyrene monomer and excimer emissions were used to determine the droplet temperatures. The droplet temperature increases approximately 0.4°C per °C increase in the ambient temperature up to an ambient temperature of 200°C. Less than 10 percent evaporation was observed for the droplets at the highest ambient temperatures


The Government of Afghanistan and UNESCO on 28 January 2003 launched a major project to boost reading and writing throughout the country which has one of the worlds lowest literacy rates. UNESCO estimates that only 51.9 per cent of Afghan men (15 years and older) and 21.9 per cent of women can read and write. The Literacy and Non-formal Education Development in Afghanistan (LAND AFGHAN) project aims to close the education gap by building a nationwide network of literacy teachers trained in modern non-formal education methods. While rebuilding the countrys education system and getting all Afghan children back in school is a priority UNESCO said the adult population responsible for the immediate reconstruction after more than two decades of war also needed to upgrade skills and knowledge. Few qualified workers are left in Afghanistan. (excerpt)


This article presents the findings of a qualitative study that explored the help-seeking pathways of seven African American women following a nonsexual criminal victimization. The help-seeking narrative was reconstructed by conducting in-depth interviews with the women and their identified informal and formal providers of support. The findings revealed that the chosen help-seeking pathway was influenced by each woman's appraisal of the perceived benefits and costs of seeking assistance. Implications for practice are discussed.


Porous α-Ni(OH)(2) microflowers are successfully synthesized via a one-step aqueous-phase reaction assisted by block copolymers under mild conditions. The electrochemical measurement demonstrates that the α-Ni(OH)(2) microflowers calcined at 200 °C are capable to deliver a specific capacity of 1551 F g(-1) in 6 M KOH solution, suggesting their high potential as a novel electrochemical pseudocapacitor.


This small volume presents a composite of reviews and original work of which the first three contributions are of interest to the pediatrician. The first section (29 pages) is a brief review of the structure and function of the mature placenta. It is written in lucid form (German) and gathers advances made to about 1961. Its author is an experienced anatomist; consequently the structural aspect is best treated. It covers a survey of the development of the placenta, presents a diagram of its structure and reviews histochemical as well as fine structural details. Proper emphasis is placed on the plea to abandon the notion of an intervillous lake in favor of a capillary system. The site, size, and structure of the resorptive surface are discussed and an all too brief review of transfer is presented. The multiplicity of function of the placenta is stressed and an analogy drawn to the


OBJECTIVE: To study the preparation technique of tanshinone dispersible tablets.METHODS: Taking the disintegration time - limit, in vitro dissolubility and suspensibility as indices, the formula of tanshinone dispersible tablets was screened by orthogonal design.RESULTS The dispersible tablets could completely disintegrate within 30 seconds and pass through 710m seive mesh, which all conformed to the requiremtes of BP(1993) .The in vitro dissolubility of this product was superior to that of ordinary tablets obviously .CONCLUSION: The preparation technique of tanshinone dispersible tablets is mature and the quality is reliable.


The Pantaneiro horse is an important social and economic part of the infrastructure of cattle farms in the Brazilian Pantanal. It is of Iberian origin and closely related to other Brazilian breeds, specifically Mangalarga, Mangalarga Machador and Campolina. Physiological studies have shown this horse to be tolerant to long treks and capable of being maintained on natural pastures. The Brazilian Pantaneiro Horse Breeders' Association has registered, to date, approximately 1 600 mares and 300 stallions, the bulk of which are in the Pocone subregion. The horse is considered small and fast. Linear measurements taken at registration are shown to be, in general, highly heritable. The population has a vulnerable status. Characterization studies showed that a combination of genetic and physical characteristics of the Pantaneiro makes it a unique population that must be conserved. Recent trends in selection may threaten the rusticity and adaptability of this valuable genetic resource. In this paper, several research studies are reviewed and areas where research and technical training are needed are highlighted.


In this presentation we introduce two innovative econometric model structures that allow us to better analyze discrete outcome processes. The first part of the presentation describes the development of a behavioral framework for analyzing commuter train users' access mode and station choice. Typically, access mode and station choice for commuter train users is modeled as a hierarchical choice with mode being considered as the first choice in the sequence. We discuss a latent segmentation based approach that simultaneously considers two segments of station and access mode choice behavior: Segment 1 station first and mode second and Segment 2 – mode first and station second. The allocation to the two segments is achieved through a latent segmentation approach that determines the probability of assigning the individual to either of these segments as a function of sociodemographic variables, level of service (LOS) parameters, trip characteristics, land-use and built environment factors, and station characteristics. The approach offers many advantages compared to the traditional alternatives. First, we gain a better understanding of the decision processes by examining who are the individuals who choose the station (or mode) first. Second, the approach proposed is free from simulation and easy to implement. Third, the results from our analysis will provide insights to transit agencies on how to improve transit service to reduce the automobile travel to commuter train stations. The model is employed to investigate the role of sociodemographic variables, LOS parameters, trip characteristics, land-use and built environment factors, and station characteristics on commuter train user behavior.


Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is subdivided into subtypes LuminalA and LuminalB, based on different expression patterns. MicroRNA-190b has been reported to be up-regulated in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. In this study we aimed to investigate the role of CpG promoter methylation in regulating miR-190b expression and its impact on clinical presentation and prognosis. DNA methylation analysis for the promotor of microRNA-190b was performed by pyrosequencing 549 primary breast tumors, of which 62 were carriers of the BRCA2999del5 founder mutation, 71 proximal normal breast samples and 16 breast derived cell lines. MicroRNA-190b expression was analysed in 67 primary breast tumors, 14 paired normal breast samples and 16 breast derived cell lines. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were available for ER (n = 436), PR (n = 436), HER-2 (N = 258) and Ki67 (n = 248). MiR-190b had reduced promoter methylation in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers (P = 1.02e–12, Median values: ER+ 24.3, ER– 38.26) and miR-190b's expression was up-regulated in a correlative manner (P = 1.83e–06, Spearman's rho –0.62). Through breast cancer specific survival analysis, we demonstrated that LuminalA patients exhibiting miR-190b hypo-methylation had better survival than other patients (P = 0.034, HR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.91). We, furthermore, demonstrated that miR-190b hypo-methylation occurs less frequently in ER+ tumors from BRCA2999del5 mutation carriers than in non-mutated individuals (P = 0.038, Χ2 = 4.32, n = 335). Our results suggest that upregulation of miR-190b may occur through loss of promoter DNA methylation during the development of estrogen-receptor (ER) positive breast cancers, and that miR-190b hypo-methylation leads to increased breast cancer specific survival within the LuminalA- subtype but not LuminalB.


The use of motorcycles for transportation is perceived as posing a threat to public health in Lagos metropolis due to accidents associated with it. The aim of the study is to evaluate plain x-ray findings in bone injuries/fractures sustained by victims of motorcycle accidents in Lagos metropolis. In the retrospective cross-sectional survey, convenience sampling method was used to select three tertiary hospitals used for the study. Ethical approvals were obtained from the institutions' review boards before the study began. Available x-ray films with a radiologist's reports of plain x-ray investigations carried out between June 2011 and September 2012 were reviewed. Only subjects who carried out x-ray investigations as a result of motorcycle accidents were selected for the study. Subjects whose x-ray investigations do not have radiologist's reports were not included in the study. Of 812 subjects reviewed, 12.4 and 5.9% were in the 20 to 24 years and 50 to 54 years age range respectively; 29.3% had normal radiographs whereas as a significant proportion (70.3%; p < 0.05) had fractures. Furthermore, a significant proportion (17.4%; p < 0.05) of all fracture cases confirmed by a radiologist's report were skull fractures. Skull fractures sustained following motorcycle accidents posed serious threats to people in Lagos metropolis within the period studied. The Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) and Lagos state government should, therefore, enforce use of helmets by motorcycle riders and their passengers; restrict the use of motorcycles for transportation in the state to prevent or ameliorate the carnage caused by motorcycle accidents in the metropolis.


The invention relates to a spherical uniaxial rudder oriented intelligent aircraft, which comprises a hollow sphere (1) and is characterized in that a main paddle (22) is arranged in a vertical direction of the hollow sphere (1), and controls rising or descending of the aircraft; a first sub-paddle (31) and a second sub-paddle (41) which are capable of rotating forwards and backwards are arranged in the horizontal direction of the hollow sphere (1) and control moving of the aircraft in the horizontal direction. The spherical uniaxial rudder oriented intelligent aircraft flies in two manners of rotary wings and a fixed wing, so the aircraft has respective advantages of the rotary wings and the fixed wing, the rotary wings are used for realizing control and suspension stop in a flying direction, and realizing vertical taking off and landing, and the fixed wing is used for realizing high speed flying after achieving certain height.


Some data suggest that nocturnal dosing of antihypertensive agents may reduce cardiovascular outcomes more than daytime dosing. This trial was designed to evaluate whether ambulatory blood pressure monitoring levels differ by timing of drug dosing. Patients aged 18 to 80 years with reasonably controlled hypertension (⩽150/⩽90 mm Hg) on stable therapy of ≥1 antihypertensive agent were recruited from 2 centers in London and Thessaloniki. Patients were randomized to receive usual therapy either in the morning (6 AM–11 AM) or evening (6 PM–11 PM) for 12 weeks when participants crossed over to the alternative timing for a further 12 weeks. Clinic blood pressures and a 24-hour recording were taken at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks and routine blood tests were taken at baseline. The study had 80% power to detect 3 mm Hg difference in mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure (&agr;=0.05) by time of dosing. A 2-level hierarchical regression model adjusted for center, period, and sequence was used. Of 103 recruited patients (mean age, 62; 44% female), 95 patients (92%) completed all three 24-hour recordings. Mean 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not differ between daytime and evening dosing. Similarly, morning and evening dosing had no differential impact on mean daytime (7 AM–10 PM) and nighttime (10 PM–7 AM) blood pressure levels nor on clinic levels. Stratification by age (⩽65/≥65 years) or sex did not affect results. In summary, among hypertensive patients with reasonably well-controlled blood pressure, the timing of antihypertensive drug administration (morning or evening) did not affect mean 24-hour or clinic blood pressure levels. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01669928.


The purpose of the article is to consider the features of the formation of the Second Empire and consolidation of power of Napoleon III through the assessment of British contemporaries in the middle of the 19th century. Depending on the objectives of the study, different methodologies can be used to study the Second Empire and Napoleon III. On the basis of the historical documents study, archives, letters and other sources, the author considers how Napoleon III and the Second Empire influenced France and the world histo-ry. Some ecological problems of perception of images of the Second Empire in British society in the first ten years of the reign of Emperor Napoleon III are revealed. On the basis of English periodicals and domestic and English-language literature studies, the author makes an attempt to construct images of the Bonapartist regime and the personality of Napoleon himself as a politician in the perception of a medieval Englishman. The main emphasis is on the analysis of the internal policy of Napoleon III.


The target of our study is to examine the possibilities as well as the limitations of the application alternative composite indicators. Our study focuses on what kind of relations the indicators are in; to what extent they can substitute the GDP and what kind of morals can be indicated for Hungary. The basic question of our research is how possible is to group countries clearly based on the values of alternative indicators. In this study three composite indicators (HDI, HPI, EPI) and the ecological footprint and GDP trends were examined. In the first phase of our research, we revealed that these indicators could be observed in pairs to linear relationship; the Pearson's correlation index values are shown in the correlation matrix. Based on our analysis, these two indicators are independent from each other and also independent from the GDP; these are the HPI and the EPI. The classification of countries was performed using cluster analysis. Based on the three-cluster model, a specific path of development was determined in Latin America, which proves a useful experience for Hungary.


Brain natriuretic peptide has vasodilatory properties and may thus increase splanchnic perfusion and oxygenation. We compared the effects of recombinant brain natriuretic peptide on gastric mucosal microvascular haemoglobin oxygenation (reflectance spectrophotometry) and systemic variables with those of equi‐hypotensive doses of two other vasodilators (nitroglycerine and dihydralazine). Chronically instrumented, healthy dogs were randomly allocated to receive on different days, one of the three drugs (nitroglycerine and dihydralazine doses titrated to reduce mean arterial pressure by ∼20%). Brain natriuretic peptide significantly increased gastric mucosal microvascular haemoglobin oxygenation selectively, i.e. without concomitant haemodynamic effects. In contrast, the other vasodilators either did not increase gastric mucosal microvascular haemoglobin oxygenation at all (nitroglycerine), or did so only with marked increases in other systemic haemodynamic variables (dihydralazine). Our data suggest a potential role of recombinant brain natriuretic peptide selectively for increasing microvascular mucosal oxygenation. Studies are required to extend these findings to the clinical setting.


Fatigue life assessment of massive components subjected to cyclic loading (i.e rotors or gas turbine disks) can be treated as a crack propagation problem, in which the number of cycles to failure is calculated considering a crack propagating from the first load cycle [1]. Nucleation time is usually neglected in these calculations, since it has been observed that the presence of inhomogeneities or slip bands causes a quick crack nucleation in critical regions, where Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) design is adopted. Under these conditions, crack propagation can be described following approaches based on local stress/strain response. Besides of models based on the applied strain range [2], an accurate description of fatigue crack growth can be made considering the effective cyclic J-integral, computed considering only the portion of the cycle in which the crack stays open[3, 4]. The aim of this paper is to discuss the application of existing EPFM models to a nickel based superalloy. In this work, the alloy employed for testing is Haynes 230, a solution strengthened alloy, which exhibits good resistance at creep and corrosion. Two experimental campaigns were performed at high temperature (T=500oC and T=700oC) to analyse the effects of the temperature on crack propagation in presence of plastic strains. Cylindrical specimens with a 400 µm deep artificial defect were subjected to LCF tests: during tests interruptions, crack advancement was checked using the plastic replica technique. Experimental results were analysed in terms of models based on the effective cyclic J-Integral, discussing the different formulations present in the literature, and were compared to the reference crack growth curve, obtained testing a C(T) specimen with an high stress ratio, in order to remove the effects of crack closure. The investigation is aimed at discussing the precision of  models at different temperatures, since it has been observed that microstructural mechanisms of crack propagation can significantly enhance crack growth rates [5]. REFERENCES 1.         Murakami, Y. and K.J. Miller, What is fatigue damage? A view point from the observation of low cycle fatigue process. International journal of fatigue, 2005. 27 (8): p. 991-1005. 2.         Tomkins, B., Fatigue crack propagation-an analysis. Philosophical Magazine, 1968. 18 (155): p. 1041. 3.         McClung, R.C. and H. Sehitoglu, Closure behavior of small cracks under high strain fatigue histories. Mechanics of fatigue crack closure, ASTM STP, 1988. 982 : p. 279-299. 4.         Vormwald, M., Effect of cyclic plastic strain on fatigue crack growth. International Journal of Fatigue, 2015. 5.         Rabbolini, S., et al., Short crack propagation in LCF regime at room and high temperature in Q & T rotor steels. International Journal of Fatigue, 2015. 75 : p. 10-18.


The objectives of this study were to investigate family background among married Thai Muslim couples in Moung District, Satun Province through domestic violence behavior. The informants of this study consisted of 8 family including spouses experiencing domestic violence, parents and relatives of the spouses. The data were collected through discussions and in-depth interviews, and then analyzed using comparative logic of concepts, theories, research reports, and context. The study found that married Thai Muslim couples in Satun Province through domestic violence behavior were วารสารปาริชาต มหาวิทยาลัยทักษิณ ปีที่ 28 ฉบับที่ 3 (ฉบับพิเศษ) 192 those who had authoritarian upbringing, experienced violence in direct and indirect violence and authority relationship.


Background: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARc) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in inflammatory process. PPAR-c gene was mentioned as having a modulating role in the pathological status of sepsis. The present study aimed to make a correlation between The Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-c gene and occurrence of neonatal sepsis and its severity among a sample of Egyptian neonates suffering sepsis. Subjects and methods: This case-control study included 30 neonates (11 females and19 males) newly admitted with neonatal sepsis at the intensive care unit (NICU) (mean age 10.3 days ± 6.23). The control group included 50 age and sex matched neonates (23 females and 27 males) (mean age 10.20 days ± 5.36 days). All the neonates (preterm and full term) included were with clinical signs and laboratory data consistent with neonatal sepsis. Genotyping for PPARc gene region harboring the Pro12Ala variant locus were carried out using Tetra ARMS technique. Results: About 56.7% of the patients group was homozygote (GG) for polymorphic locus (coding for Alanine/Alanine) while 30% was heterozygote for polymorphic locus (CG) (coding for Proline/Alanine) and up to 13.3% was homozygote for the polymorphic locus (CC) (coding for Proline/Proline). Compared to the control group where homozygotes for CC were the most prevalent (90%) and the CG were 10% with absence of GG genotypes. There was a strong statistical significant difference between patients and the normal control group as regards prevalence of PPAR-c gene polymorphism in occurrence of neonatal sepsis and its severity. Also, there were strong relation between genotype GG and low birth weight, neonatal fever, prematurity and depressed neonatal reflexes. Conclusion: PPAR-c gene has been suggested to be a candidate gene for neonatal sepsis. Therefore, Pro12Ala polymorphism might be useful in predicting the risk factor of neonatal sepsis and its severity. 2017 Ain Shams University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


Despite some physical similarities with the typology of gated housings developing in Metropolitan of Jakarta, there is uniqueness in gated housings growing in Bandung, especially in its peri-urban area. The uniqueness is the development of tourism activities inside those gated housing. A number of luxury residential complexes with gated characteristics in the peri-urban areas of Bandung have transformed into tourism areas. This phenomenon is interesting to study given the contrasted characteristics between gated housing and tourism. this paper discusses a number of case studies on tourism activities and facilities developing inside gated housings in peri-urban of Bandung. The research method used qualitative descriptive analysis and typo-morphology analysis. The study results have shown a number of unique typo-morphology of tourism facilities inside gated housings in the peri-urban area of Bandung as well as a number of their physical and operational characteristics differences from other tourism facilities in general. Gated housing itself is closely related to segregation. The results of this study have also indicated that the presence of tourism activities in gated housings as well as a number of local creative strategies applied by the management of the tourism facilities could become one of the solutions to minimize the extent of segregation posed by the gated housings and to improve the physical quality of the gated housing where the tourism facilities are located. Keywords: gated housing; peri-urban of Bandung; typology; transformation; tourism