The authors propose an approximate formula Sq=Sq0R/(R+mRc) to represent the variation of the ballistic sensitivity in terms of the resistance of the galvanometer circuit; its accuracy and application are discussed.


Disclosed are a rinsing device that is used especially in endoscopy and comprises an electrically driven pump, particularly a peristaltic roller pump, as well as a method for operating the same. A control device is provided for detecting and/or adjusting a flow rate. In order to prevent an excessive pressure in case of an accidental stenosis, e.g. when the delivery tube is bent, or also in case of deliberate stenoses, e.g. when inserting a narrow rinsing probe, a current-measuring apparatus is provided for detecting a current absorbed by the pump while the control device is configured such that the flow rate is reduced to a safe flow rate value when the flow rate exceeds a pre-established threshold value and the current simultaneously exceeds a first pre-established current value.


Abstract We address in this paper how to find clusters based on proximity and planar facets based on coplanarity from 3D line segments obtained from stereo. The proposed methods are efficient and have been tested with many real stereo data. These procedures are indispensable in many applications including scene interpretation, object modeling, and object recognition. We show their application to 3D motion determination. We have developed an algorithm based on the hypothesize-and-verify paradigm to register two consecutive 3D frames obtained from stereo and estimate their transformation/motion. By grouping 3D line segments in each frame into clusters and planes, we can reduce effectively the complexity of the hypothesis generation phase.


It's an advanced trend that GIS (Geography Information System) will be from 2D to 3D era.3DGIS provides realistic visualization. There is special attribute information and non-spatial attribute information in the 3DGIS.Common 3DGIS system must have the function of special analysis. In this paper reference to GoogleEarth the author makes use of OpenGL to achieve the prototype system of digit earth and based which gives a simple function of spatial analysis and searching.


An l.p.p. ring satisfying the primitive idempotent condition is called left *-semisimple if it also satisfies the ascending condition on right *ideals. We prove that a left *-semisimple ring can be uniquely decomposed into a direct product of a finite number of full matrix rings over certain domains, up to isomorphism. In fact, such left *-semisimple rings are generalized semisimple rings and, in particular, they are semisimple when they are finite. Mathematics Subject Classification: 16W60


Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of dissolution of nimodipine solid preparation.Methods In this HPLC method,the ingredient was separated on a Merck Hibar C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column.The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile-water(35∶38∶27).The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The column temperature was 30 ℃,and the detection wavelength was 235 nm.UV method was used to determine the same uniform test solution,and compare the 2 methods.Results The linear range of nimodipine was 8-40 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 8,n=5),the average recovery was 99.9%(n=9),and the test solution was stable in 24 h.The result of HPLC method was lower than that of the UV method.Conclusion This method is specific,accurate and stable,and more suitable for the determination of dissolution of nimodipine solid preparation.


The primary purpose of this study is to measure the size- and composition-dependent responses of aerosol surface instruments designed to measure surface area related properties. Measurements were conducted in the range of 30–150 nm of mobility equivalent diameter, Dp. The responses of a LQ1-DC (a diffusion charger manufactured by Matter Engineering AG) and an EAD (a diffusion charger manufactured by TSI) to singlets (NaCl) particles are proportional to Dp 1.36 and Dp 1.13, respectively. The response of LQ1-DC agrees with Fuchs surface area, which is proportional to Dp 1.39 within 2.4% error. The response of the EAD is almost proportional to diameter, Dp. A PAS2000CE (Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor manufactured by EcoChem) gave both size and composition-dependent responses. For diesel particles produced at high engine loads, the response was nearly proportional to Fuchs surface area. However, at lighter engine loads, the response dropped sharply with decreasing Dp. Light engine loads are associated with high fractions of volatile particles that may suppress the photoemission response. The secondary purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in charging rate between singlets (NaCl particles) and agglomerates (diesel particles) by using diffusion chargers. Agglomerates (diesel particles at engine load 75%) acquire more charge than singlets (NaCl particles) by 15 and 17% for LQ1-DC and EAD, respectively.


The effect of sintering atmosphere on the mechanical properties and microstructure of alumina ceramics with small amount additives of TiO2, Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 was investigated. Two temperatures at 1200℃ and 1300 ℃ were selected as prefiring temperature. After sintering in temperature ranging from 1280 ℃ to 1460 ℃ in air, nitrogen and hydrogen,the volume density and mechanical properties of sintered bodies were determined. An optimum property was found for the samples prefired at 1200 ℃and then sintered at 1350 ℃in hydrogen for 2 h. A surface hardness of 92(HR 15 N) and flexural strength larger than 200 MPa was obtained.


Let $m\in N$, $P(t)\in C[t]$. Then we have the Riemann surfaces (commutative algebras) $R_m(P)=C[t^{\pm1},u | u^m=P(t)]$ and $S_m(P)=C[t , u| u^m=P(t)].$ The Lie algebras $\mathcal{R}_m(P)=Der(R_m(P))$ and $\mathcal{S}_m(P)=Der(S_m(P))$ are called the $m$-th superelliptic Lie algebras associated to $P(t)$. In this paper we determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for such Lie algebras to be simple, and determine their universal central extensions and their derivation algebras. We also study the isomorphism and automorphism problem for these Lie algebras.


On the Mediterranean coast, the tourism activity which has developed since the 1950s has become a mass tourism industry in recent decades, cohabitating with natural spaces of high environmental value. These sensitive areas are thus subjected to a varied catalog of anthropizing actions (urbanization of the natural soil, modification of the dune balances by the construction of port infrastructures, alteration of marine ecosystems by recreational activities, etc.). All these inter-related elements are often difficult to analyze in a comprehensive way because of their diffuse nature. This paper proposes a methodology based on GIS analysis for the evaluation of diffuse anthropization associated to tourism in sensitive coastal environments. By using different indicators of territorial transformation, a complete method is proposed to establish the index of diffuse anthropization of a territory. This methodology, which is easily applicable in a generalized manner in different cases for developed countries, will be applied in the Mar Menor, a coastal lagoon area in the Mediterranean that has been suffering from mass tourism during recent decades. The results will show the important impact of several actions linked to tourism and the worrying inertia that the current trend can cause in the lagoon's ecosystem.


Abstract Cobalt(H) and copper(II) complexes with the ligand anion [IMo6O24]5 (periodate 6-molybdoanion) of the general formula Na3M[IMo6O24).nH2O (where M = Co, Cu) have been prepared by the reaction of the corresponding metal salts with the ligand in aqueous media (pH = 6). The complexes were characterised by elemental and thermo-gravimetric analyses, spectral data (IR, UV-vis). The EPR spectrum of a copper(II) powder sample was recorded at both room temperature and 12 K indicating a weakly distorted octahedral copper(II) stereochemistry. The crystal structure of Na3Co[IMo6O24].14H2O has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique.


In this paper a method based on wavelet transform (WT) and particle filtering (PF) for estimation of single trial event-related potentials (ERPs) is presented. The method is based on recursive Bayesian mean square estimation of wavelet coefficients of the ERPs, using PF as the estimator. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the superior performance of PF over Kalman filtering (KF) for non-Gaussian and non-linear electroencephalography (EEG) signals. The methods were also applied to the real data in an odd-ball paradigm to explore the changes in the P300 component from trial to trial.


Introduction: A call for more empathy in society is often heard in social rhetoric, which often fail to clarify these needs and to propose strategies. The word "empathy" is not clearly defined, and the meaning varies across different contexts further confusing the issue. The thesis' research questions are: what are the needs behind the call for more empathy in society? and: how can these needs be addressed?
Method: The public is engaged in dialogue about empathy through the qualitative World Cafe method at two seperate events in Enschede and Amsterdam. The method consists of a series of informal conversations between groups of participants with rotating constitution, followed by a harvesting round where insights and conclusions from these conversations are reported.
Results and Discussion: The World Cafe events generate several insights about beeds and strategies to stimulate empathy. Some needs expressed on different levels are suggested to be in conflict with each other, possibly resulting from the fuzziness of the meaning of 'empathy'. Although the World Cafe results are not expected to represent the wider public due to the qualitative nature of the method, the World Cafe method appears to be a useful tool for engaging communities and for generating ideas.


Disintegrants are the substances that causes the rapid disintegration of the capsules or tablets into smaller particles that dissolves more rapidly than in the absence of the disintegrants. On the other hand superdisintegrants, are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances drug dissolution rate. Superdisintegrants categories such as synthetic, semi-synthetic, natural and coprocessed blends etc. They are used in mouth dissolving tablet as well as conventional tablet to overcome the limitations of this dosage form. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low conc. in the solid dosage form. The present review comprises the various kinds of Superdisintegrants like natural and synthetic which are being used in the formulation.


We report a room temperature all‐fiber dual‐wavelength Erbium Ytterbium codoped fiber laser (EYDFL) operating at 1543.3 and 1545.4 nm using a nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique. An isolator is used in conjunction with a multilobed double‐clad Erbium Ytterbium codoped fiber to induce intensity‐dependent loss in a sufficiently high loss ring cavity to achieve dual‐wavelength and Q‐switching simultaneous operations. At the threshold pump power of 0.27 W, the EYDFL generates a sequence of pulses with repetition rate of 12.06 kHz and pulse width of 11.56 µs. When the multimode pump is increased to 0.60 W, the repetition rate can be tuned to 57.94 kHz. The lowest pulse width of 5.04 µs and the maximum pulse energy of 72.01 nJ are obtained at the pump power of 0.55 W. The simple and inexpensive dual‐wavelength Q‐switched NPR‐based laser has a big potential for applications in metrology, environmental sensing, and biomedical diagnostics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:530–533, 2015


Security testing of software systems such as mobile applications, web applications, computer applications and server applications has become an essential activity. As the area of software security testing (SST) has matured and the number of studies has increased, systematically categorizing the current state-of-the-art is important. In this paper, we classify the established knowledge in this area through a systematic mapping study. In the scope of the study, three sets of mapping questions are posed, research keywords are selected, inclusion and exclusion criteria is defined, a classification schema is devel-


Linear strips of forest along intermittent and perennial streams, commonly called streamside zones (SZs), are frequently retained for watershed protection and wildlife habitat enhancement in southern pine forests when adjacent stands are harvested. However, little is known regarding wildlife communities associated with SZs, particularly in relation to varying SZ widths and interactions with surrounding habitat matrices. The objective of this study was to assess relationships between forest bird communities and SZs of various widths within pine plantations of several age/structural classes within the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas.


When I was 15 years old, I learned that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from sprays such as shaving cream to pesticides could lead to ". . .the possibility of end to life on earth" [1]. After I read that article, the world seemed smaller and humanity larger. The article, published in The New Yorker, reviewed a science-to-public-to-politics story about CFCs and their purported impact on Earth's ozone layer. The article recounted the rapid proliferation of aerosol products during the postwar period, from 4.5 million cans in 1947 to 2.3 billion in 1968. The postwar economy of convenience fueled the rapid scale-up, and by 1970, Brodeur reported, "Practically every product that was conceivably sprayable either had been packaged or was being considered for packaging in aerosol form." When I read that article, I was in high school in Vicenza, Italy, where my dad was serving in the military. The New Yorker was among the few English-language publications we could easily find. At 15, I knew I was younger than their targeted audience, but I devoured the nonfiction, especially the science. Brodeur's article, in particular, gripped me. He explained how aerosol cans and the CFC gases they used as propellants were everywhere, their use doubling annually. And everyone had considered CFCs harmless because they were chemically inert. Everyone, that is, except for one Professor F. Sherwood Rowland. The ubiquity of these compounds in the environment, and even the troposphere, made Rowland, an expert in the chemistry of radioactive isotopes, wonder about their fate. Rowland would join forces with Dr. Mario Molina, then a chemist in Rowland's lab at the University of California, Irvine. They had conducted a set of chemical calculations once, then again, and published their findings in Nature [2]. They'd discovered that chlorine atoms, when mixed with ozone, would produce runaway chemical reactions that could destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere—the layer that shields living beings from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. More surprisingly, they found that this destruction of the ozone layer would happen rapidly and additively, influenced by the propellants in the convenient aerosol cans that filled the cupboards and garages of consumers across the nation. By 1975, a year after their findings had been published, over 5 billion such cans were being produced annually—mostly by the United States and Russia—and products from pesticides to personal hygiene to food were streaming out of the cans thanks to these CFCs. Their calculations portended atmospheric disaster. Not believing that spray cans could do so much damage, Rowland and Molina turned to other experts to check their work, thinking they must have made a mathematical error. They hadn't. Instead, impending harm to the ozone layer was confirmed by others, including Paul


Introduction Patient preferences (PPs) are an important source of evidence in health technology assessment (HTA). However, a methodological framework to achieve their integration in decision-making is lacking. We aim to investigate the potential role of evaluative frameworks to integrate PP evidence into HTA and decision-making. Methods We undertook a scoping review to identify potential methodological frameworks to consider PP evidence in HTA and evidence of the acceptability of these frameworks for decision-makers. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, and the grey literature to identify relevant studies, reports, or guidance documents. We restricted our search to the use of PP rather than patient experience data and excluded articles solely relating to deliberative approaches. Results Frameworks identified as having the potential to integrate PP evidence included cost-utility analysis, cost-consequence analysis (CCA), the efficiency-frontier approach, and multi-criteria decision analysis. All have been used in various HTA contexts, but not necessarily for inclusion of PP evidence. Distinct benefits and challenges of integrating PP data were identified for each framework. These included the theoretical basis of the frameworks, their ability to consider non-health as well as health outcomes, and their ability to separate outcomes based on PPs from outcomes based on population preferences. There is limited evidence and no consensus on the application of these frameworks to consider PPs in HTA or on their acceptability for decision-makers. However, CCA has the advantage that it is both based on economic decision theory and it leaves patient preferences disaggregated from population preferences in an HTA. Conclusions The frameworks identified in this review offer potential approaches to systematically and transparently integrate PPs into HTA and decision-making. Based on the review findings, we propose a research agenda to explore the potential of CCA in particular. We anticipate that our findings will augment the recommendations of the Innovative Medicines Initiative PREFER project, which are expected to report in 2022.


The official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada / Société de, Microscopie du Canada, Mexican Microscopy Society, Brazilian Society for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Venezuelan Society of Electron Microscopy, European Microbeam Analysis Society, Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Society. Published in affiliation with Royal Microscopical Society, German Society for Electron Microscopy, Belgian Society for Microscopy, Microscopy Society of Southern Africa. Editor in Chief, Editor, Microanalysis: Charles E. Lyman, Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, 5 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3195, Phone: (610) 758-4249, Fax: (610) 758-4244, e-mail: email@example.com. Editor, Biological Applications: Ralph Albrecht, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1581, Phone: (608) 263-3952, Fax: (608) 262-5157, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Editor, Materials Applications: David J. Smith, Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1704, Phone: (480) 965-4540, Fax: (480) 965-9004, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Editor, Materials Applications: Elizabeth Dickey, Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 223 MRL Building, University Park, PA 16802-7003, Phone: (814) 865-9067, Fax: (814) 863-8561, e-mail: email@example.com. Editor, Light and Scanning Probe, Microscopies: Brian Herman, Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7762, Phone: (210) 567-3800, Fax: (210) 567-3803, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Editor, Biological Applications: Heide Schatten, Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1600 E. Rollins Street, Columbia, Missouri 65211-5030, Phone: (573) 882-2396, Fax: (573) 884-5414, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Calendar Editor, Book Review Editor: JoAn Hudson, Advanced Materials Research Labs., Clemson Univ. Research Park, Rm. 105, Anderson, SC 29625, Phone: (864) 656-7535, Fax: (864) 656-2466, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Special Section Editor: James N. Turner, Phone: (518) 474-2811, Fax: (518) 474-8590, e-mail: email@example.com. Expo Editor: William T. Gunning III, Phone: (419) 383-5256, Fax: (419) 383-3066, e-mail: email@example.com. Proceedings Editor: Stuart McKernan, Phone: (612) 624-6009, Fax: (612) 625-5368, e-mail: email@example.com.


staff do sometimes contract the disease. Renal dialysis came into it because severe infectious hepatitis attacked three members of the staff at about the same time-a surgical registrar, a male nurse, and a female staff nurse ; and the staff nurse died. Investigations carried out by the hospital's Control of Infection Officer showed that the only link between these staff members and a possible source of infection was a patient who had been admitted to the dialysis unit for the treatment of renal failure and who had mild infectious hepatitis ; the two nurses had attended this patient, and the surgeon had operated to drain a pericardial effusion. Later two technicians employed in the biochemical laboratories of the dialysis unit who had handled material from this particular patient also developed infectious hepatitis, but fortunately both recovered. In the meantime two further patients admitted to the renal dialysis unit for treatment developed hepatitis, which was fatal in one of them. A doctor and a staff nurse who had attended these patients also developed the disease, but again, fortunately, both recovered. Finally, a patient who was attending for repeated haemodialysis contracted the infection at a later date, and it is possible that he infected another patient who was also having dialysis in an adjacent bed and one of the doctors who was in attendance; the doctor's infection was modified by prophylactic gammaglobulin that he had received as a precaution. Investigation of this sort of infection is hampered by the absence of any certain means of isolating the virus or of detecting infection by the presence of appropriate antibodies in the blood. Nevertheless, the evidence for the spread of infectious hepatitis from an original source provided by the patients undergoing renal dialysis is strongly suggestive. Exposure to contamination with blood or faecal material is the most likely cause. The techniques employed are now being urgently examined at Manchester so that this sort of contamination can be reduced to an absolute minimum. Since human gamma-globulin is considered to provide some protection,2 prophylactic injections were given to all members of the staff who had been in contact with the affected patients and to everyone who had been in contact with the affected staff. The Infirmary has also asked the local health authorities to put infectious hepatitis on the list of notifiable diseases, presumably in order to have advance notice if the disease is more than usually prevalent in the district. We must hope that these measures will be effective, because haemodialysis is too useful a treatment, especially for acute renal failure, to be given up, and Professor D. A. K. Black and his team have rightly decided to continue using the artificial kidney.


The Genetic Analysis Workshop 12 genome scan data set for "strict" asthma in a Hutterite population was analyzed using haplotype sharing analysis (HSA), which tests for differences in mean length of haplotype sharing around each marker for pairs of chromosomes in cases versus controls. The regions of chromosome 1 and 8 where evidence for linkage was observed in published analyses were negative by HSA. HSA yielded positive results on chromosomes 7, 12, 16, 18, and 21 (p = 0.003 on 21q). Although there are reports of support for linkage to asthma in some of these regions, it is not known whether any represent true positives. Further study is needed of the possible role of length‐based measures of linkage disequilibrium in recent population isolates. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The Education system of a country does not function in isolation from the society of which it is a part. Hierarchies of castes, economic status, gender relations and cultural diversities as well as uneven economic development also deeply influence issues relating to access and equity in education. Though India was widely acclaimed as a land of knowledge and wisdom during ancient times yet access to education was limited to select strata of the society. The biggest change in education in the last five years is the focus on "Learners" in a pro-active manner. This being so, learners are central to attempts to improve the quality of education. While this may appear obvious as logic, it needs to be consciously reflected in practice. Education, to be inclusive needs to be responsive to the diverse needs and circumstances of learners and to give appropriate weight to the abilities, skills and knowledge they bring to the teaching and learning process. India has made progress in terms of increasing the primary education attendance rate and expanding literacy to approximately three-quarters of the population in the 7-100 age group, by 2011. India's improved education system is often cited as one of the main contributors to the economic rise of India. Much of the progress, especially in higher education and scientific research, has been credited to various public institutions. At primary through high school level, as well as certain higher level technical schools, India has a combination of government run public and private schools system. About 60% of the students go to public schools and 40% to private


This paper addresses the issue of the contribution of computer technology in the context of a multidimensional treatment of reading and writing difficulties. Potential benefits and different approaches of research-based computer technologies are outlined and discussed. In a synopsis of the relevant research literature, the effectiveness of computer-based programmes for poor readers and writers is explored. The basically positive results and their implications for further research are discussed. Finally, the article describes the preconditions for a successful use of software in the treatment of literacy learning problems.


Philip Earl Steele is an American historian based in Poland, specializing in the history of Christian Zionism. His forthcoming book on the topic (in Polish) will be published later this year. Steele has also written on tenth-century Poland's Christian beginnings. The second edition (2016) of his book Nawrócenie i chrzest Mieszka I [The Conversion and Baptism of Mieszko I] was a bestseller in Poland.


In this chapter we discuss evaluation of Information Retrieval (IR) systems and in particular ImageCLEF, a large–scale evaluation campaign that has produced several publicly–accessible resources required for evaluating visual information retrieval systems and is the focus of this book. This chapter sets the scene for the book by describing the purpose of system and user–centred evaluation, the purpose of test collections, the role of evaluation campaigns such as TREC and CLEF, our motivations for starting ImageCLEF and then a summary of the tracks run over the seven years (data, tasks and participants). The chapter will also provide an insight into lessons learned and experiences gained over the years spent organising ImageCLEF, and a summary of the main highlights.


A new kind of beam string structure called RPC-BSS, which consists of reactive powder concrete upper chord and cables, is presented in this paper. The material of RPC provides superior mechanical properties and high durability, and the cable provides huge tensile force. The concept is based on the combination of the advantages of RPC and beam string technology. Furthermore, static and dynamic properties are discussed, and the influence of different factors is taken into consideration in the analysis. The analytical results show RPC-BSS is of longer span, less weight, better seismic characteristics and higher durability than conventional BSS.


"La politique de toutes les puissances est dans leur géographie," conceded the man whose famous retort, "Circonstances? Moi, je fais les circonstances," indicates his contempt for any agency but the human will as the arbiter of human destiny. But since the Red Sea parted for Moses and the sun obligingly paused for Joshua, the human will has been unable to recapture the control over topography and climate exhibited by those forceful gentlemen, and it is probably safe to say that it was by Russian geography rather than by men that the diminutive Corsican was finally defeated. If he is still living, there is at Waterloo even today a loyal guide who asserts with unshakable conviction that neither genius nor skill but a swampy ditch gave that victory to Wellington. Unfortunately for the political scientist with a fondness for simplification, but fortunately for the statesman striving to overcome the geographic handicaps of his country, neither does the entire foreign policy of a country lie in geography, nor does any part of that policy lie entirely in geography. The factors that condition the policy of states are many; they are permanent and temporary, obvious and hidden; they include, apart from the geographic factor, population density, the economic structure of the country, the ethnic composition of the people, the form of government, and the complexes and pet prejudices of foreign ministers; and it is their simultaneous action and interaction that create the complex phenomenon known as "foreign policy."


Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the utility of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy as a treatment for children with intellectual disabilities (ID) who have experienced trauma.

Design/methodology/approach
Relevant National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance and literature were reviewed to provide support for the use of EMDR as a treatment for trauma in children with ID.

Findings
There is a growing body of evidence which demonstrates that EMDR therapy is successful for the treatment of trauma in adults and children. However, for children with ID, the research is limited despite those with ID being more likely than non-disabled peers to experience trauma such as abuse or neglect.

Practical implications
EMDR can only be facilitated by trained mental health nurses, psychiatrists, psychologists (clinical, forensic, counselling or educational) or occupational therapists or social workers with additional training. Finally, general practitioners who are experienced in psychotherapy or psychological trauma and have accreditation. Therefore, this highlights that there may be a lack of trained staff to facilitate this intervention and that those who are generally working with the client closely and long term such as learning disability nurses are not able to conduct this intervention.

Originality/value
This paper presents an account of NICE guidance and evidence of the efficacy of EMDR as a treatment for adults, children and those with ID.


Abstract The half logistic distribution has been used intensively in reliability and survivalanalysis especially when the data is censored. In this paper, we provide pro le like-lihood estimation of the shape parameter and scale parameter in the generalized halflogistic distribution based on progressively Type-II censored data. We also introduceapproximate maximum pro le likelihood estimates for the scale parameter. As an il-lustration, we examine the validity of our estimation using real data and simulateddata.Keywords: Generalized half logistic distribution, pro le likelihood estimation, progres-sively Type-II censoring. 1. Introduction The probability density function (pdf) and cumulative distribution function (cdf) of therandom variable Xhaving the generalized half logistic distribution are given byf(x;;˙) =˙2e x=˙ 1 + e x=˙   11 + e x=˙ (1.1)andF(x;;˙) = 1 2e x=˙ 1 + e x=˙   ; (1.2)where is shape parameter and ˙is scale parameter. In special case, when = 1, this distri-bution is the half logistic distribution. From (1.1), the reliability function of the generalizedhalf logistic distribution with shape parameter is given byR(t) =2e


Results of a set of exploratory simulations to test the effects of errors in estimation of individual term probabilities on the performance of a probabilistic information retrieval system are presented. Searches were executed with various levels of term error on a test collection of probabilistically indexed information sources. The amount of error in the final probability of relevance used to rank sources introduced by these errors was analytically determined. The first simulation analyzed simulated rankings obtained by simulating probabilities of relevance according to the error distribution; in the second simulation measures of rank correlation between simulated rankings and the system's ranking were calculated; in the third, the effect of the error on retrieval performance using the measure expected search length was determined. It was found that substantial error was introduced into final probabilities of relevance, but that for low levels of term error the impact on ranking and retrieval performance was moderate, while even with high levels the actual ranking performed significantly better than a random ranking of retrieved sources. © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Mursal Manati is Director of the Public Nutrition Directorate at the Ministry of Public Health Afghanistan. She is a pharmacist with a Masters' degree in Food, Nutrition and Dietetics and has eight years' experience in public health and nutrition, including as Director of Specialist Directorate of Afghanistan Atomic Energy High Commission (AAEHC). One UN for nutrition in Afghanistan Translating global policy into action: A policy shift to tackle wasting


This article aims to investigate an appropriate space and time series model for oil production forecasting. We propose a new method using neural networks (NN) model based on the inference of R incremental contribution to solve that problem. The existing studies in NN modeling usually use descriptive approach and focus on univariate case, whereas our method has employed statistical concepts, particularly hypothesis test and has accommodated multivariate case including space and time series. This method is performed on bottom up or forward scheme, which starts from empty model to gain the optimal neural networks model. The forecast result is compared to those from the linear models GSTAR (Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive) and VAR (Vector Autoregressive). We show that our method outperforms to these statistical techniques in forecasting accuracy. Thus, we suggest that the NN model is the proper model for oil production forecasting. Keyword: Neural networks, Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive, Vector Autoregressive, inference of R incremental contribution


Research of antioxidant activity of the merung stem (Coptosapelta tomentosa (Blume) Valenton ex K. Heyne) has been carried out. Extraction from the stem of the merung was carried out using solvents namely methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The results of the phytochemical test on crude extracts of the stem of the merung stem contains phenolic compounds, steroids and flavonoids. The methanol fraction contains phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity test results with the addition of DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) showed in methanol fraction had an IC50 value of 163.25 ppm. The GC-MS analysis of the methanol fraction of merung stem contained compounds namely 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dhydroxy-6-methyl (13.73).
Keywords: Antioxidant Activity Test, Merung Stem, Phytochemical Test


Electromigration (EM) and stressmigration (SM) are serious wear-out mechanisms, limiting the lifetime of ULSI copper interconnect systems. This paper will summarize comprehensive EM and SM studies with respect to the failure modes, kinetics and lifetime projection. It will be shown, that microstructural as well as layout-specific features play a key role for both mechanisms. Bimodal EM failure scenarios were found on various types of via-line structures. A strong correlation was revealed between the observed failure mode and microstructural properties at the via-to-line-transition. The influence of specific processes on the occurrence and the kinetics of "early" EM failure modes will be discussed. Two examples demonstrate how sensitive the stressmigration behavior is influenced by changes in the microstructure either due to recrystallization or the recovery of crystal defects. Based on kinetic studies, a lifetime model will be proposed. In additon, data will be presented showing the effect of geometrical aspects on the SM failure rate. Electromigration Data Electromigration was investigated on samples of dual damascene (DD) interconnects from a 0.18μm technology with a TaN/Ta liner and a SiN-cap layer. The stress tests were carried out in a temperature range from 175 to 350°C using current densities from 9 to 25mA/μm. Both, vialine structures with "narrow" lines (0.28μm width = via diameter) and "wide" lines with a fully landed via (width 0.76μm >> via diameter) were tested. Two current directions have to be distinguished: "downstream" with electron flow from the via into the critical metal line underneath and "upstream" where the electrons flow from an uncritical metal level through the via into the critical line above. A 20% resistance increase defines the failure of the test structure. Fig.1 Failure modes observed on upstream-stressed vias before process optimization: a) via-voiding: voids at the via bottom (early mode); b) trench-voiding: voids in the line and the upper part of the via (late mode). Often, bimodal EM failure distributions are observed on upstream-stressed copper lines terminated with a dual damascene via. Here, two different modes can cause a resistance increase: 1) early mode: voiding at the via bottom since the via liner serves as an effective diffusion barrier, suppressing copper migration from the metal line underneath into the via and enabling material depletion inside the via ("via-voiding", Fig.1a); 2) late mode: voiding in the metal line including the upper part of the via ("trench-voiding", Fig.1b). The resulting failure distribution appears with two distinct branches, where the first branch corresponds to the early and the second branch to late EM failure mechanism (Fig.2). Fig.2 Bimodal distributions usually observed on upstreamstressed vias before process optimization (narrow line). The medium time to failure (MTF) of each failure mechanisms is determined by fitting the measured bimodal distribution by a superposition of two lognormal distributions [1]. Current density exponent (n) and activation energy (Ea) can then be calculated separately for both modes (Fig.3). While the activation energies were found to be almost identical for viaand trench-voiding (0.86eV and 0.83eV), a considerable smaller nvalue is obtained for the early mode (n=1.1) in comparison to n=1.6 for the late mode. Fig.3 Current density exponents and activation energies obtained on upstream-stressed vias for via-voiding (early mode) and trench-voiding (late mode) respectively. The impact of local defects in the vialiner on the "upstream" failure scenario is demonstrated in the following. Two different samples were investigated: The first sample with a single SiN-cap layer shows a monomodal distribution with trench-voiding only i.e. no viavoiding failures are observed (Fig.4). In contrast, the cap layer of the second sample consists of a SiN/SiO2 bi-layer (Fig.5). On those samples, bimodal distributions are obtained with a distinct early branch (Fig.4). About 25% of the sample failed due to voiding in the lower part of the via (Fig.5a). However, in contrast to the via-failure in Fig.1a the void nucleates not at the via bottom but at the dual-cap interface. All later failures can be attributed to the trench-voiding mechanism coinciding with the distribution of the single SiNcap sample. The occurrence of early fails is a result of preexisting voids in the Cu at the bi-layer before electrical stress. This defectivity is caused by an undercut that develops at the interface during via etch (Fig.6). As long as the liner deposition process does not take advantage of re-sputtering, the liner can not cover this edge. Finally, the missing liner yields voids during copper plating, allowing a preferred nucleation of EM voids and hence early failures during electrical stress. Fig.4 Failure times measured on upstream-stressed vias with a single SiN and a dual SiN/SiO2-cap layer. Fig.5 Failure modes observed on upstream-stressed vias with dual-cap layer. a) early mode: voiding at the cap layer interface; b) Late mode: voiding in the line and the upper


This chapter proposes an e-assessment method for project management competences, using the computer adaptive testing (CAT) principle. Competences are represented using concept space graphs. The proposed model increases the tests configurability by considering several knowledge constraints when an item is selected. The proposed model is also seen as a self-directed-learning-tool, useful in the preparation process for project management certifications. The model is validated by comparison with an existing e-assessment tool, used for simulation purposes; statistic results are presented and analyzed. Although the initial level of knowledge of each user has a great impact on the final results obtained by that user, preparation with the proposed e-assessment method proved to be more efficient.


A paradox on Hilbert's problem 6 is identified. To avoid the paradox, equilibrium-based YinYang bipolar sets and bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) are introduced. Bipolar quantum entanglement is defined. BDL leads to a bipolar  axiomatization for physics. Applicability of BDL is discussed. Six conjectures in quantum physics and computational neuro¬science are posted.


Agricultural workers can find it difficult to train new workers and to stay safe. To overcome these problems, we developed wearable sensors to record and analyze workers' motions. To gather background information, we reviewed a wide range of sources (e.g., industrial goods, patents, and academic papers), discussed needs with agricultural informatics researchers, workers, and farm managers, and selected devices to monitor workers' actions. First, we measured acceleration and angular velocity when subjects posed in typical postures and performed typical actions. Next, on small to medium-size farms, we logged the acceleration and angular velocity of the lower arms, chest, waist, and tools. A laptop computer in a knapsack on the back of each subject gathered and analyzed the data, using statistical and human dynamics software that we wrote. At the same time, we recorded the users' actions from a few meters away on a fixed digital video camera. We then analyzed the data, mainly by optical flow methods. By analyzing various statistical differences concerning acceleration data between experienced and inexperienced workers and by showing (illustrating) the results to the workers for checking them and for utilizing them to revise workers' movements, we confirmed the validity and usefulness of the system. The results, which need to be validated more precisely, will enhance workers' skills and safety, and allow critical situations (e.g., risks of falling and injury) to be diagnosed. These techniques could be applied to other areas, being economical, robust, scalable, and easily distributed.


Despite decades of intensive research, many questions remain on the formation and growth of the first cells on Earth. Here, we used computer simulation to compare the self-assembly process of ribonucleic acids in two environments: enclosed in a vesicle-cell membrane and in the bulk. The self-assembly was found to be more favoured in the former environment, and the origin of such a biointerface effect was identified. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the origin of life on the primitive Earth.


Supercritical fluids exhibit a range of unusual properties that can be exploited for new reactions which are qualitatively different from those involving classical solid state chemistry. After giving a brief introduction to these fluids we describe their use in inorganic chemistry and related fields. We then present two examples concerning different areas of solid state chemistry: (i) the formation of novel inorganic nanoparticles; (ii) the preparation of new open-structure oxy(hydroxy)fluorides, thus showing the advantages of this supercritical fluid processing that can be seen as an alternative method to regular solution chemistry or solid-gas reactions.


Background Foodborne diseases pose serious threats to the health of people. Escherichia coli is the most important foodborne pathogen of public health interest. Objectives To assess metal organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity and incorporating the antibiotics onto MOFs for controlled release of antibiotics and also to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance, which is one of the most pressing issues in global public health. Materials and methods A total of 615 samples of animal and human origins were collected. Samples of poultry and poultry products (215), of meat and meat products (240), and of milk products (120), as well as stool samples from contact persons and food handlers (40) were collected from different localities in Cairo, Giza, and Qaluobya governorates during the period from October 2020 to September 2021. All samples were bacteriologically examined and morphologically characterized. The suspected isolates that have characteristics of E. coli species were identified to the serotype level. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of identified E. coli serotypes to the commonly used antibiotics in Egypt was carried out. Results and conclusion The results showed that the total percentage of E. coli spp. was 31.16%. E. coli spp. of 28, 35.7, 30, and 30% were isolated from sausage, beef, luncheon, and minced meat, respectively. E. coli spp. isolated from poultry liver, breast muscle, and wings were 35.33, 35.33, and 10%, respectively. The Karish cheese (55%) and yoghurt (35%) contained E. coli spp. Only 20% of human stool had E. coli. The total percentages of E. coli spp. in Cairo, Giza, and Qaluobya were 28.5, 39.33, and 36.66%, respectively. Serotypes identified from E. coli spp. were mainly O157 and non −O157 (O164, O26, O27, O53, O71, O95, O103, O111, O124, O125, O127, and O145). The isolated E. coli serotypes expressed high resistance to most of the used antibiotics (10/13, 76.9%) before adding nanoparticles. Three antibiotics showed the lowest resistance [imipenem (34.4%), cefotaxime (65.6%), and ceftriaxone (68.8%)] and after adding nanoparticles to the antibiotic discs, antibiotic resistance decreased to 29.5, 62.3, and 62.9%, respectively. Conclusion Regular epidemiological surveillance should be undertaken in monitoring the occurrence and distribution of E coli spp. Nanotechnology techniques can solve the problem of antibiotic resistance crisis in targeted organisms. Nanoparticles can penetrate the cell membrane of pathogenic microorganisms and interfere with important molecular pathways, formulating unique antimicrobial mechanisms. In combination with optimal antibiotics, nanoparticless have demonstrated synergy and may aid in limiting the global crisis of emerging bacterial resistance. MOF nanoparticles have antimicrobial activity, and incorporating the antibiotics onto MOFs to control the release of antibiotics helps to decrease the problem of antibiotic resistance.


On 29 May 1831, the Reverend James Jenkins Trott, a Methodist missionary to the Cherokee, was arrested in the Cherokee Nation by the Georgia Guard and forced to march 110 miles to prison at Camp Gilmer. Released after four days, he was required to post a five-hundred-dollar bond and ordered to keep out of that part of the Indian nation within the territorial limits of the state of Georgia. He refused to obey the order. Married to a Cherokee who lived near his mission station at New Echota, he went to visit his wife and two children in July. On 6 July he again was arrested and forced to march 110 miles back to prison. With him this time were two Presbyterian missionaries, the Reverend Samuel A. Worcester and Dr. Elizur Butler. Two of Trott's friends, the Reverend Dickson C. McLeod and the Reverend Martin Wells, who were also Methodist circuit riders within the Cherokee Nation, heard of his arrest. They saddled up and rode after him. When they caught up with the prisoners along the road, the officer in charge, Col. C. H. Nelson, ordered them curtly to "flank off!." When McLeod made some disparaging remarks about the treatment of the missionaries, Nelson ordered him off his horse, arrested him and made him march with the prisoners. Wells, who was left holding McLeod's horse, also was ordered with oaths to flank off. When he refused, "Col. Nelson cut a stick and making up to Mr. Wells gave him a severe blow on the head."1


In a laboratory setting, Siege1 and Pilgrim ( 5 ) have examined hypotheses concerning monotony in the eating situation. The present study generalizes to field conditions. W e shall not review these hypotheses and their development here; rather, each hypothesis will be considered in the relevant context of the discussion. In a study of the relationship between nutrition and performance ( 3 ) , men were maintained for the first five weeks on a diet of only four daily menus, including only 41 foods. The conditions of the test imposed a limitation on variety of menus more severe than any that might be expected to occur in the field. In comparison, the normal dietary in the Army, the A Ration served in the Zone of Interior, provides about 150 different food items each month. During the course of this study it was possible to observe some of the effects of monotony of diet on the preference for and acceptance of foods. In addition, certain personal variables were studied in relation to food monotony.


Detopping hastened the appearance of mosaic symptoms in shoots of cassava cuttings infected with African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV). The degree of plant recovery from severe mosaic after each detopping was the basis for evaluation of ACMV tolerance. In field-screening, detopping of cassava shoots infected with ACMV is recommended for selection of tolerance to the virus. One detopping of ACMV-infected shoots was sufficient to analyze tolerance level reliably. Out of 521 lines only one was found tobe tolerant, while 144 lines were found to be moderately tolerant. These included the lines 'Gimbi MA 235', (02945S × 3119)S MA 219, and 'Kadanga Malombe' previously described as resistant to ACMV.


This article, while arguing against the perception that the drunk driver is a killer, is irresponsible and should be jailed, notes the need for a comprehensive approach to the problem of alcohol and traffic safety. Such a system should be based on the recognition of the complex relationship interrelating the vehicle, the roadside environment and the driver, and should include such essentials as reliable traffic records, driver licensing, and emergency medical services. The article discusses that group categorized as that of the chronic problem drinker. The importance of correct diagnosis and teatment for such persons is emphasized. A balanced mix of countermeasures is needed, including enforcement, court adjudication, preventive education, and the 55 MPH speed limit. It is pointed out that tough penalties are not the answer, and that the basic long-range goal should be to change societal attitudes in order to discourage excessive drinking before driving. The Distilled Spirits Council of the United States (DISCUS) has always supported the national and local promotion of the responsible drinking guidelines. Some of the DISCUS programs are briefly discussed.


—A smart lighting system solution that optimizes the energy is required for energy saving. It should control lighting based on time and space, and it should be context-aware. In this study, we propose a scenario-based energy-saving mechanism based on the user's behavior patterns and situations in order to reduce significantly the energy consumption compared to the conventional Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting in buildings. In addition, we built 10 test bed unit spaces for our test bed that were controlled automatically. Through evaluation, the scenario-based smart lighting system test bed presented in this study proved to be about 54% better than conventional LED lighting in terms of energy saving.


The Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane has been prepared by phase inversion method using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent and Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) as additive. The fabricated membrane was modified by Polydopamine (PDA) coating in concentration of 0.5 mg/ml and immersion times of 2 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours. The characteristics and performance of the PVDF membranes before and after the modification are studied in this paper. The result of the water flux experiment showed that the PDA-coated PVDF membranes showcased a higher flux than that of pure PVDF membrane. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed that the membrane had an asymmetric structure consisting of two layers. There was no significant influence on the addition of PDA to the morphology of the pore matrix because the modification was done by surface coating. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that PDA was successfully introduced on the surface of PVDF membrane with the appearance of O-H from cathecol and N-H peaks at wavenumber range of 3300-3600 cm-1. Modification with PDA increased the mechanical strength of the membrane which affirmed by the results of the tensile and elongation at break evaluation.


The RDF Data Cube Vocabulary [1] is a W3C recommendation for publishing multi-dimensional data in a semantic web format. A large and growing number of such data cubes is already available in the linked data cloud. Merging multiple isolated cubes can lead to new insights as known from traditional data warehousing. In order to access and integrate the decentralized cubes, a suitable ranking and discovery mechanism is needed. We propose a cube discovery approach, based on the structure definition of the cubes. Syntactic and semantic properties of the cubes are considered to develop a similarity measure for cubes. We present a graph-based shortest-path algorithm that utilizes the DBpedia category dataset and a Word2Vec [2] model, to carry out the discovery process. The structural mapping for the data cubes generated during our ranking process can be leveraged to support the cube integration process. We use a machine learning approach to combine the implemented similarity measures. The evaluation shows, that this combination produces the best results and that the usage of the Hungarian algorithm [3] is suitable to find good structural mappings.


A sketch-based query interface is proposed for retrieving 3D CAD models. The maximum distribution of normal vectors of a 3D model is computed to assist the PCA algorithm to normalize the pose of the 3D model, and then the outline views of the 3D model can be coordinated with the freehand sketches submitted by users. To retrieve the 3D models similar with the user sketches, an image similarity assessment algorithm is employed to compare the shape similarity between user sketches and the outline views of 3D models. Experiments demonstrate that users can express the query shape through the proposed query interface rapidly and the retrieval performance is satisfactory.


The paper points out the improvement of the quality management for road engineering is the important guarantee for intensifying the construction quality of the road engineering,and explores the ways to improve the project quality of road engineering from strengthening the quality consciousness and quality management according to the key parts for road engineering,so as to guide project practice.


1 Bukhara State Medical Institute, Faculty and Hospital Surgery, Department of Urology, assistant, Bukhara city. Address: Minglar village, 29, Romitan district, Bukhara, Uzbekistan 2 Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Urology of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan 3 Doctor of Medical Sciences, Tashkent State Pediatric Institute,Tashkent city. 4 Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Faculty and Hospital Surgery, Department of Urology. Bukhara city.


This paper puts forward a model of computer forensics based on Multi-Agent for real time communication soft.It presents the structure of the system,the design and implement of the key modules and technologies.This system which uses distributed technology accurately recovers,collects and analyses the communication records of real time communication soft and makes forensics reports.


Purpose of the study: Intramuscular injection of the botulinum toxin into the psoas can be proposed for permanent hip flexion due to spastic disorders. Several approaches have been described: retrograde subinguinal, anterolateral suprailiac, and posterior. Ultrasound or computed tomography can be used to guide needle position. These approaches are however limited to access to the L4 region, i.e. far from the motor points and with the risk of injury to the ureter. The purpose of this work was to determine the innervations of the psoas muscle that would be best adapted to this type of injection and thus to describe the most effective and reliable approach. Material and methods: This anatomy study included 20 dissections to: describe vertebral insertions of the psoas major and the psoas minor and to measure their distance from the iliac crest; define the region where the ureter crosses in front of the psoas. Results: More than 80% of the psoas muscles presented a proximal insertion on the transverse process of T12 and the body of L1; the mean length of the psoas in the adult is 27 cm above the inguinal ligament; the nerve roots collateral to the lumbar plexus are: 33% L2, 25% L3, 19% L1, 9% L4, 3% L5 and 1% T12, the remainder arising directly from the femoral nerve; the L2-L3 region is situated 4.6 cm on average above the iliac crest. Discussion: The region facing the L2-L3 space enables access to more than 50% of the psoas nerve branches. Injection via a posterior approach situated in adults 4.6 cm above the iliac crest and identified fluoroscopically is the most reliable access. This will avoid injury to the ureter which lies lower. Conclusion: This anatomy study described a new more effective less dangerous approach for botulinum toxin injections into the psoas muscle.


We develop a Lagrangian Perturbation Theory (LPT) framework to study the clustering of cold dark matter (CDM) in cosmologies with massive neutrinos. We follow the trajectories of CDM particles with Lagrangian displacements fields up to third order in perturbation theory. Once the neutrinos become non-relativistic, their density fluctuations are modeled as being proportional to the CDM density fluctuations, with a scale-dependent proportionality factor. This yields a gravitational back-reaction that introduces additional scales to the linear growth function, which is accounted for in the higher order LPT kernels. Through non-linear mappings from Eulerian to Lagrangian frames, we ensure that our theory has a well behaved large scale behavior free of unwanted UV divergences, which are common when neutrino and CDM densities are not treated on an equal footing, and in resummation schemes that manifestly break Galilean invariance. We use our theory to construct correlation functions for both the underlying matter field, as well as for biased tracers using Convolution-LPT. Redshift-space distortions effects are modeled using the Gaussian Streaming Model. When comparing our analytical results to simulated data from the \textsc{Quijote} simulation suite, we find good accuracy down to r=20 Mpc h−1 at redshift z=0.5, for the real space and redshift space monopole particle correlation functions with no free parameters. The same accuracy is reached for the redshift space quadrupole if we additionally consider an effective field theory parameter that shifts the pairwise velocity dispersion. For modeling the correlation functions of tracers we adopt a simple Lagrangian biasing scheme with only density and curvature operators, which we find sufficient to reach down to r=20 Mpc h−1 when comparing to simulated halos.


Tracheostomy tube assembly includes an outer tracheal tube (1), and a removable inner cannula contrast (20). Inner cannula (20), and has a corrugated outer surface (23) has a smooth inner surface (22). In patient end, the inner cannula (20) includes a tip portion (26) integral with a smooth outer surface with the interior sliding engagement of the outer tube (1). Inner cannula behind the device side end, having a hub (18) integral hub that fits with (30) on the outer tube. By a smooth inner surface of the inner cannula (20) (22), the flow of gas along the assembly will be free of disturbance, the insertion of the device along the cannula is facilitated. .The


The Earth Observing System (EOS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important element in a three decade-long sequence of Earth-sensing radar systems provided by the international scientific community beginning in 1991 with ERS-1. The EOS SAR is a multifrequency, multi-polarization radar which will be capable of the global monitoring of key quantitative measurements of geophysical and biophysical parameters. Scheduled to fly on its own dedicated spacecraft, it is one of three platforms that will make up the space-based component to EOS. The role of the SAR in the EOS mission will be discussed, emphasizing the geophysical product variables which will be generated with the SAR and used in global hydrologic, biogeochemical and energy cycle models. The latest concepts for processing the data, including calibration and geophysical processing strategies, will be presented.


: With the continuous development of China's education reform, new technologies such as "cloud classroom" have begun to be gradually applied to the field of education. It combines traditional teaching methods with the advantages of modern information technology, and can realize a combination of online and offline hybrid teaching. The application of the cloud classroom to the course of "General Theory of Surgery" can improve the teaching quality and teaching effect, make it easier for learners to grasp knowledge and promote the improvement of learning effect. Based on this, this paper mainly studies and analyzes the influencing factors of the application effect of cloud classroom in the teaching of "General Theory of Surgery", aiming to put forward relevant suggestions, so as to provide guidance and reference for practical teaching activities.


This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Village Community Development and Empowerment Program (P3MD) in the coastal areas of West Aceh Regency, with a focus on the priority use of village funds. Specifically, the study explores the changes in the community's economy before and after the implementation of village funds and examines the initiatives taken by the village government to enhance economic conditions. Descriptive analysis is employed as the analytical method to evaluate the outcomes. This study shows that the policy assistance of the Village Community Development and Empowerment Program in West Aceh Regency has not yet achieved optimal effectiveness in its implementation. This can be observed from the three approaches used to measure the effectiveness of mentoring in P3MD in Aceh Barat District. Two indicators, including the source approach and the target approach, have not worked well. In the future, policy implementers need to focus more on optimizing resources and involving a wider range of target groups.


BACKGROUND

An understanding of the bromination reaction with guaiacol and syringol allows value added products to be obtained from the lignin depolymerized oil.

RESULTS

N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and the ionic liquid [Bmim]Br were combined to brominate guaiacol (G) and syringol (S) at room temperature (25 °C). The first step was to bromine guaiacol and syringol separately for a better understanding of the process. The mixture of G and S was brominated with two different solvents diethyl ether (DEE) and ethyl acetate (EtAc) during the L-L extraction to observe variations in the process and the conversion. The results were analyzed by GC-MS and 13C NMR. The mass spectra showed the formation of isomers of p-BrG and p-BrS. The two solvents gave similar results. However, even though the conversions of G and S were higher with DEE (XG 67.19% and XS 71.86%) than with EtAc (XG 49.62% and XS 59.90%), EtAc (ΣXBrG 29.94% and ΣXBrS 28.29%) extracted in proportion more of the desired products than DEE (ΣXBrG 24.22% and ΣXBrS 34.86%).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the first experiments showed the formation of isomers of p-BrS and p-BrG. The second results showed that EtAc was able to extract more products than DEE. In conclusion, EtAc was the better solvent for the bromination reaction with the advantage of easy handling and recyclability. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry


The aim of this paper is to determine the ethical position of respondents in Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, Poland, Estonia, Finland and Croatia, and to this end the authors studied the relationship between ethical positions and certain variables (gender, nationality and citizenship). The paper also investigates the relationship of an ethical position to cultural dimensions with the underlying hypothesis that, due to differing national culture and history, ethical positions will differ in these countries. The results obtained may contribute to a better understanding of moral standards in the Central and East European (CEE) business context.


The root bark and pods of Swartzia madagascarensis were collected from Chikomba District, Mashonaland East Province, Zimbabwe in July 2011. They were taken to the Government Herbarium, Ministry of Agriculture, Zimbabwe, for identification. The samples were processed in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Zimbabwe and Bioassays were carried out in the Central Veterinary Laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture, Harare. Both the ethyl acetate and the methanol extracts were effective against Babesia bigemina results of their fortification of chloroquine showed that they might have a synergistic relationship with chloroquine. Results revealed that the extracts could be developed into antibabesial agents.


Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (CACP) Executive Global Studies 2020–2022 cohort members share the challenges, fears, and pride experienced while exploring the future of policing…for police.


The nurse functions as a liaison between the injured employee, the insurance carrier, the employer, and the referral physician. Frequently, the nurse's position allows knowledge of psychosocial stressors and task assignments that is not as readily available to other participants in the process of managing a work-related injury.


The scope of this research is confined to IT organizations in Malaysia and the factors that can lead towards a successful implementation of e-learning in these companies. The objectives of this paper are to identify the factors that will contribute towards a successful implementation of e-learning in an IT company in Malaysia and to build and test model to measure the successful implementation.


Head related transfer functions (HRTFs) describe the physical path from an acoustical source to the ears. It can be gained within the relation of two measurements. The first will give the reference sound pressure in the virtual middle of the head the second has to be done in both ears. In literature exhaustive investigations concerning the idealized location of the second position can be found. Beyond that measurements with various artificial heads and human‐beings considering various source directions (azimuth and elevation) with different angular resolutions have been undertaken. The obtained HRTFs exhibit, with subject to the examined source position, frequency dependent magnitude and phase. These complex transfer functions are caused by various reflections, diffractions, pressure superelevation, and shadowing, respectively. Reflections are caused form pinna, head and torso, too. Heretofore during determination of the transfer functions the influence of various head‐torso arrangements have not be consi...


Reflection high‐energy electron diffraction intensities during molecular beam epitaxy growth of Ni on W(110) were studied. The damping and polar angle dependence of the observed oscillations are discussed. Intensity oscillations during preparation of a Ni/Cu superlattice are also reported.


In a brilliant article published in this journal over sixty years ago, George A. Kennedy (19011960) laid out, for the first time in English, the sense and usage of the clause-final particle yan .1 Briefly put, his conclusion was that the word represents a fusion of the preposition yu ' and an unidentified pronoun an, with a variety of resulting meanings, such as "in it," "on it," "from him," etc. Kennedy called this pronoun an "hypothetical," implying that it was not otherwise attested in the ancient Chinese language (with the exception of another productive fusion, ran ,, made up of ru nl and the same an). This paper will show that the mysterious word is either an ---or yan itself. In his search for the "hypothetical an," Kennedy erred at the outset of his study by electing to discriminate between clause-initial and clause-final yan. Had he considered the various functions of clause-initial yan, he might have observed that the clause-initial particle an can be used to the same effect and with virtually the same meaning, as in the chart below:2


In November 2013, the International Children's Palliative Care Network (ICPCN), based in South Africa, and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) released a document entitled Assessment of the Need for Palliative Care for Children. Three Country Report: South Africa, Kenya and Zimbabwe . It reported that, even though an underestimate, >800 000 children in South Africa were in need of generalised palliative care and >300 000 in need of specialised palliative care. Moreover, it was estimated that only 5% of children requiring specialised care were being reached. This low coverage was a result of 'inadequate inclusion of children's palliative care within policy and strategy frameworks; widespread lack of knowledge and adequate understanding among health professionals; narrow target focus of services being provided already; the reluctance of health workers to prescribe and/or administer morphine despite the availability of essential palliative care pharmaceutical agents, resulting in a major barrier for access to comprehensive pain management; funding constraints and attendant poor integration of palliative care into the health system'.


This paper shows how the measurement of the stochasticity degree of a finite sequence of real numbers, published by Kolmogorov in Italian in a journal of insurances' statistics, can be usefully applied to measure the objective stochasticity degree of sequences, originating from dynamical systems theory and from number theory. Namely, whenever the value of Kolmogorov's stochasticity parameter of a given sequence of numbers is too small (or too big), one may conclude that the conjecture describing this sequence as a sample of independent values of a random variables is highly improbable. Kolmogorov used this strategy fighting (in a paper in 'Doklady', 1940) against Lysenko, who had tried to disprove the classical genetics' law of Mendel experimentally. Calculating his stochasticity parameter value for the numbers from Lysenko's experiment reports, Kolmogorov deduced, that, while these numbers were different from the exact fulfilment of Mendel's 3 : 1 law, any smaller deviation would be a manifestation of the report's number falsification. The calculation of the values of the stochasticity parameter would be useful for many other generators of pseudorandom numbers and for many other chaotically looking statistics, including even the prime numbers distribution (discussed in this paper as an example).


A vertical-MOSFET-based digital core circuit with vector matching function is proposed for achieving high-speed and low-power operation. The circuit designs with both planar and vertical MOSFET model are performed under 180nm CMOS technology, and the circuit operation is verified by NanoSim hardware simulation. Comparing with the conventional planar MOSFET case, the power consumption of the vertical MOSFET based circuit achieves more than 30% reduction without dependence on operating frequency. Furthermore, as circuit delay time can be suppressed, the vertical MOSFET based circuit also achieves the much higher maximum operating frequency than the planar MOSFET case up to 360MHz under the exactly same simulation conditions. This proposed core circuit can be flexibly utilized not only as an independent vector matching circuit but also as a unit circuit in the multi-core vector matching system.


This study aims to measure how the intention to visit eco-gastronomic destinations could be influenced by socially responsible consumption, social influence and eating habits. Therefore, it is of a quantitative nature and the online survey research strategy is used. The data, in turn, are analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In general, the results demonstrate that the constituent demand of this potential tourism segment does not seem to be based on socially and environmentally responsible consumption habits, at the same time that its decisions are not based on opinions and social norms. It is also noticed that potential consumers tend to be indifferent towards the food aspect in the formulation of their visiting interest. Therefore, the main contribution of this research is the suggestion of pleasure and experience, striking elements of tourism, as some of the factors that can override central arguments of ecogastronomy, since it is associated with tourist destinations.


Provided are a synthetic resin float unit and a float of which there is no risk of damage by wave movement on the surface of water, and which can be easily assembled even if a floating structure is large in scale; and a floating structure that is not readily susceptible to the effects of wave movement and that has exceptional stability. An articulated synthetic resin float unit for imparting buoyancy to a floating structure placed on the surface of water has an overall cylindrical shape, one end surface thereof being a convex surface, and the other end surface being a concave surface that fits with the convex surface and having a helical projection provided in an outer peripheral surface.


For the last decade, I've been a doctors' doctor, leading a confidential service for doctors with mental health problems, the Practitioner Health Programme (www.php.nhs.uk). In caring for my own kind, I've tried to understand why I'm seeing growing numbers of mentally ill doctors. I will suggest, as Julian Tudor Hart did in the 1980s,1 that we need to train 'A new kind of doctor'.

During my life, three GPs have been important influences. The first is my father. An immigrant to the UK in the 1960s, he was a single-handed GP in the East of England. Our home was his surgery; our front room doubled as the patients' waiting room and our dining room as his consulting room. From an early age, I saw first hand the relationship my Dad had with his patients. His dedication, his authority — and his love. When I was a young girl, he would take me with him on home visits — and I was enthralled as he explained what the house call was all about. He enthused me with a love of medicine and, more importantly, a love of general practice.

The second is William Pickles, the first president of the RCGP. Pickles was the archetypal family doctor.2 He too lived above the shop — in the doctor's house with his practice partner, an old friend from medical school. Like my father, he was known for his kindness and knowledge of his patients. By the time he died, at the end of the 1960s, he'd already become part of general practice's mythology.

To these two I add a third, Dr John Sassall, who was the protagonist of John Berger's 1967 book A Fortunate Man: the Story of a Country Doctor .3 Sassall worked in the Forest of Dean, and, in …


The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, uses pheromones, such as (+)-disparlure, for communication. These pheromones are detected by the sensitive antennae of the male moth and travel through their aqueous environment to the sensory neuron, possibly with assistance from pheromone binding proteins (PBPs). The hydrophobicity of disparlure, which is of primary importance for its interactions with PBPs, can be measured by its partition coefficients. These coefficients for heptane/water and chloroform/water interfaces were obtained in this work experimentally and using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The agreement between the experimental and calculated values validates the choice of the force field parameters, which can thus be used in future MD simulations of the PBP–pheromone interactions.


The barriers to internal rotation about the C—NR2 bonds in N,N-dimethylbiuret are investigated by means of 1H-n.m.r. line shape analysis. The activation energy for rotation is found to be considerably lower when the hydrogen at the nitrogen molecule is substituted by methyl groups. This result is correctly reflected by ab initio calculations with a minimal GLO basis set, which also indicate that the molecule exists preferably in the cis-configuration, as the unsubstituted biuret. Possible reasons for this, and the difference in the rotational barriers, are discussed on the basis of the quantum chemical results.


Commercially available molecular rotor (MR) compounds were recrystallized using chiral monoterpenes as solvents. The resulting crystals exhibited large circular dichroism signals with opposing signs according to the handedness of the chiral solvent used. X-ray crystallographic analysis showed that the chirality originated from asymmetric restriction of intramolecular rotation in the crystals. The crystals were also highly emissive due to restricted bond rotation, while solutions of the materials were almost nonemissive. The solvent-to-MR chirality transfer approach to crystallization discussed herein should be a convenient, universal way to obtain highly emissive chiral crystals.


The rich variety of control schemes involving neural networks, works which are proposed in the literature, is organised into a consistent perspective that isolate the various distinct features of each scheme and classifies them in a multi-level structure. The presented structure affords coherent and unambiguous analysis of past and new control schemes, reveals relevant links and gaps as by-products, and serves to better focus future research.<<ETX>>


ObjectiveTo examine the relationship of pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) use to patient outcomes, including mortality rate and resource utilization, in patients with severe sepsis in eight academic medical centers. DesignCase-control, nested within a prospective cohort study. SettingEight academic tertiary care centers. PatientsStratified random sample of 1,010 adult admissions with severe sepsis. InterventionsNone. Measurements and Main ResultsThe main outcome measures were in-hospital mortality, total hospital charge, and length of stay (LOS) for patients with and without PAC use. The case-matched subset of patients included 141 pairs managed with and without the use of a PAC. The mortality rate was slightly but not statistically significantly lower among the PAC use group compared with those not using a PAC (41.1% vs. 46.8%, p = .34). Even this trend disappeared after we adjusted for the Charlson comorbidity score and sepsis-specific Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III (adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.61–1.72). In linear regression models adjusted for the Charlson comorbidity score, sepsis-specific APACHE III, surgical status, receipt of a steroid before sepsis onset, presence of a Hickman catheter, and preonset LOS, no significant differences were found for total hospital charges (US$139,207 vs. 148,190, adjusted mean comparing PAC and non-PAC group, p = .57), postonset LOS (23.4 vs. 26.9 days, adjusted mean, p = .32), or total LOS in intensive care unit (18.2 vs. 18.8 days, adjusted mean, p = .82). ConclusionsAmong patients with severe sepsis, PAC placement was not associated with a change in mortality rate or resource utilization, although small nonsignificant trends toward lower resource utilization were present in the PAC group.


Fopius arisanus (Hym., Braconidae) is an egg-pupal parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies. Since its introduction to Hawaii in the late 1940s, it has caused substantial reduction of fruit fly populations. Rearing methodology developed by the US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) in Hawaii in the 1990s allowed an increasing number of studies of the biology and behaviour of this parasitoid. Simultaneously, the parasitoid has been introduced to various parts of the world for classical biological control purposes. This paper reviews studies conducted on F. arisanus during the last 70 years. In order to create a bibliographical tool for future research, we have synthesized published data on the taxonomy, geographical distribution, reproductive biology and behaviour, and foraging behaviour of this parasitoid. The use of F. arisanus in future biological control programmes is also discussed. (Resume d'auteur)


Ventral eversible glands (VEG) were removed from larvae of the fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and extracted with methylene chloride. GC analysis of the VEG extract showed that the volatile components were about 98% saturated hydrocarbons. The distribution of individual hydrocarbons was as follows: n-tridecane, 0.1%; n-tetradecane, 2.4%; n-pentadecane, 96.2%; n-hexadecane, 0.3%; and n-heptadecane, 1.0%. Other components present at low levels were 1-pentadecene and three sesquiterpenes. A logarithmic increase in n-pentadecane level in the VEG occurred with successive molts from the third through fifth instar. The level of n-pentadecane in the VEG was empirically higher in fifth instar larvae feeding on corn foliage than in larvae feeding on a pinto bean diet or on cotton or peanut foliage.


This paper measures the extent of corporate risk disclosure and the relationship of a set of firms characteristics (firm size, type of sector, leverage, profitability, and liquidity) on the level of risk disclosure in Jordan. The measurement of risk disclosure is based on published data of sampled Jordanian firms listed on Amman Stock Exchange using the content analysis approach. The findings indicate that large firms, industrial firms, and firms with a high level of leverage and profitability disclose more risk information than others do. However, the rate of liquidity showed a negative effect on the level of risk disclosure. The findings of this study also enhance the understanding of the corporate risk disclosure environment in Jordan as an example of the emerging markets in the Middle East. The study contributes to disclosure studies by being the first study to explore the relationship between the risk disclosure level and firm characteristics in Jordan. In addition, this study provides clear insight into the determinants of risk disclosure to the stakeholders of the Jordanian companies.


Adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs) are adult multipotent cells increasingly used for cell therapy due to their differentiation potential, their paracrine effect and their convenience. ASCs are currently selected from stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) of adipose tissue and expanded in 2D flasks following good manufacturing practices. This process is limited in surface area, labour‐intensive and expensive, especially for autologous applications requiring selection and expansion steps for every patient. Closed and automated bioreactors offer an alternative for scalable and cost‐effective production of ASCs. This study investigated a single‐use stirred‐tank bioreactor that can expand ASCs from SVFs on microcarriers. A preliminary microcarrier screening in static and spinner flask conditions was performed to evaluate the best candidate for adhesion, amplification and harvest. The selected microcarrier was used for process development in the bioreactor. The first experiments showed poor selectivity and growth of the ASCs from the SVF (n  =  2). The process was then adjusted by two means: (1) decreasing the platelet lysate in the medium for enhancing cell adherence; and (2) adding a shear protectant (Pluronic F68). Following these modifications, we demonstrated that the number of population doublings of ASCs from SVFs was not significantly different between the bioreactor and the 2D controls (n  =  3). In addition, the ASC characterization after culture showed that cells maintained their clonogenic potential, phenotype, differentiation potential and immunosuppressive capacities. This study provides the proof of concept that isolation and amplification of functional ASCs from SVFs can be performed in a stirred‐tank bioreactor combined with microcarriers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Aim.To evaluate the prognostic value of circulating galectin-3 for cumulative survival in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in remission.Materials and methods. One hundred fifty six out subjects with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in full or partial remission were enrolled in the study. Observation period was up to 12 months. Blood samples for biomarkers measurements were collected. ELISA method for measurements of circulating level of galectin-3 was used. Hemodynamic evaluation was performed by transthoracic echocardiography.Results and discussion.Two hundred sixteen cumulative clinical events occurred in 51 patients (32,7%) within the follow-up, with their distribution being as follows: 7 deaths, 122 cardiac arrhythmias, 16 cardiac ischemic events, 3 strokes, 30 chronic heart failures and 38 hospital admissions for cardiovascular reasons.Medians of circulating levels of galectin-3 in free-events subject cohort and subjects cohort with cardiovascular events were 5,16ng/ml (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4,74-5,56 ng/ml) and 16,40 ng/ml (95% CI = 14,80-18,01 ng/ml) (p‹0.001). In multivariate logistic regression circulating VE-catherin independently predicted cumulative cardiovascular events (odds ratio [OR] = 1,13; 95% CI = 1,07-1,25; p = 0.003) within 12 months of observation period.Conclusions. Among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in remission increased circulating galectin-3 associates with increased cumulative cardiovascular events within 12 months.


The tube propagation of Sinningia Specios was studied by using the leaves as the explants.The results indicated that the leaves could directly induce plantlet.The most appropriate media in culture stages are:MS+KT 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L for replanting;MS+IAA 0.5 mg/L for rooting.


In this paper, the high concentration polymer oil flooding experiments were first carried out on two artificial cores that with different Permeability (1000×10-3μm2 and 1700×10-3μm2) by using various concentrations of the polymer respectively(2000mg/L, 3000mg/L, 4000mg/L, 5000mg/L).The relationship between the polymer concentration and oil recovery was given, the upper limit of the polymer concentration was obtained according to the oil displacement efficiency, and the feasibility of the polymer concentration upper limit was investigated. Then it was found that higher produced water polymer concentrations were needed if the same the oil displacement efficiency was reached compared those fresh water polymer solutions by comparing the oil displacement efficiency that using produced water polymer solutions and fresh water polymer solutions.


Purpose – ‐‐ This article aims to determine if, given the current economic climate in higher education, academic libraries are still using the database Books in Print (BIP) as a collection development tool.Design/methodology/approach ‐‐ The article discusses a survey distributed to the Learning Times Library Online Community; Marylib, the list‐serv for the Maryland Library Association; ili‐l, the American Library Association's Information Literacy Instruction Discussion List; and Libref‐l, sponsored by Kent State for Reference Librarians. Participants responded to a series of questions about whether they use BIP as a collection development tool; whether they use other resources and, if so, what they are; and if the BIP database was dropped, why this decision was made.Findings ‐‐ Many academic libraries have dropped BIP and are using a variety of resources to find book reviews, pricing, and availability information. Only a slightly lower percentage of academic libraries have kept the database and use it as an important collection development tool.Research limitations/implications ‐‐ The sample size was relatively small.Originality/value ‐‐ This survey and subsequent article fill a gap in the literature – no other survey results could be found that addressed changes in academic libraries' perception of BIP as the "go to" source for collection development.


Abstract Thin films containing small-sized quantum dots (QDs) and nanoparticles have shown strong optical nonlinearities caused by the confinement effect. Here, we report the study of third-order optical nonlinearities of silver sulfide (Ag2S) QD thin films using 800 and 400 nm, 30 fs pulses. The absorption spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the synthesized 80 and 500 nm Ag2S QD films. The giant enhancement of nonlinearities is observed up to three to six orders of magnitude larger compared to those for the bulk and liquid Ag2S samples. We also demonstrate the efficient high-order harmonic generation in the plasmas produced during ablation of the Ag2S QD thin films. The analysis of the dynamics of the QD-containing plasma spreading allowed optimization of the delay between the heating and the driving pulses for an enhancement of harmonics conversion efficiency.


This paper presents a hybrid interconnect network consisting of a local network with dedicated wires and a global hierarchical network. A distributed memory approach enables the possibility to use generic memory banks as routing buffers, simplifies the implementation and reduces the area requirements of routers. A SystemC simulation environment (SCENIC) has been developed to simulate and instrument models, and to setup different topologies and scenarios. Modules are designed as transaction level models to improve design time and simulation speed.


A rain gauge-based gridded rainfall product is constructed from the point-scale rainfall measurements using Local Weighted Linear Regression Function (LWR) based on PRISM (Daly et al., 2008). -The study area was divided into two regions (see Fig. 1) based on orographic controls on rainfall patterns. -This approach uses a linear rainfall-elevation relationship for each 0.05o grid cell, and the relationship changes locally based on selected physiographic descriptors. The rain gauge network


Millions of people with diabetes must control their blood glucose system through diet, medication, and exercise. To learn how patients understand this daunting task, we conducted Cognitive Task Analysis interviews with 20 participants with type II diabetes. The interviews queried initial education, experiences with self-care, understanding of the disease, and treatment adherence. Participants who showed greater expertise in their articulation of problem detection strategies, functional relationships, and problem solving strategies were more effective self-managers. Several mental models of diabetes self-management were identified. Human Factors advances that have helped pilots control planes, may also help patients to develop functional models of blood glucose control and cope with the complexities of self-care. These advances may also help people facing other chronic medical conditions and complex life challenges.


Climate changes are rapidly intensifying and can lead to adverse global health impacts. Indigenous populations are especially vulnerable to climate change because of their dependence on the environment for cultural activities and subsistence. The voices of Inuit Elders and seniors encompass deep wisdom and history; as such, the goal of this research was to examine the perceived impacts of climate and environmental changes on physical, mental, and emotional health, as observed by Elders and seniors in the Inuit community of Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada. A mixed-methods approach was used to gather data capturing these local observations, as well as perceived impacts on community health. A community survey was administered in November 2009 (n = 75) and in-depth interviews were conducted with Elders and seniors from January to October 2010 (n = 22). Survey results indicated that Elders and seniors observing changes in weather patterns, water systems, and wildlife were more likely to perceive climate change impacts on health (p < 0.05). Emergent themes from the interviews included: recurring observations of climate change, including changes in temperature, ice, snow, and seasonal timing; impacts on physical health, including reduced physical activity levels and poorer nutrition; impacts on mental and emotional health, including feelings of isolation and depression; and an identified need for community-wide adaptation. This research emphasized the importance of understanding Elder-specific perspectives of climate-health relationships in the Canadian North to develop sustainable, culturally relevant adaptation strategies to mitigate health impacts related to climate change. ᓯᓚᐅᑉ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ  ᓱᒃᑲᓕᔪᒃᑯᑦ  ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᕗᖅ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ  ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ  ᐊᑦᑐᐃᔪᓐᓇᖅᑯᖅ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᒃᑯᑎᒍᑦ.  ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ  ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑑᔪᑦ  ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖅᐹᖑᔪᓐᓇᖅᑯᑦ  ᐊᕙᑎᒥᓂᒃ  ᑕᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᓄᑦ,  ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᑎᒍᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖅᐸᓐᓂᖏᑎᒍᑦ.  ᐃᓄᐃᑦ  ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ  ᐃᓐᓇᑐᖃᐃᓪᓗ  ᓂᐱᖏᑦ  ᓯᓚᑐᓂᕐᒥᒃ  ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᖅᑯᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐊᑐᖅᓯᒪᔭᖃᖅᑯᑦ;  ᓲᕐᓗ  ᐆᒧᖓ  ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᑐᕌᒐᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ  ᓯᓚᐅᑉ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓂᒃ  ᐊᑦᑐᐃᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᖃᓄᖅ  ᐊᕙᑎᐅᑉ  ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖓ,  ᐃᓱᒪᒃᑯᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᒃᑯᑎᒍᑦ,  ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ  ᑕᑯᓐᓇᖅᑕᖃᖅᑯᑦ  ᐃᓄᐃᑦ  ᓄᓇᓕᖓᓂ  ᕆᒍᓚᑦ,  ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕗᒻᒥ,  ᓛᐸᑐᐊᒥ,  ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.  ᑲᑎᑕᐹᓂᑦ  ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᐊᖅᑯᑏᑦ  ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥ  ᑕᑯᓐᓇᒐᐅᕗᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᑕᑯᓐᓇᑕᒃᑯᑦ  ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᒃᑯᑦ  ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᐅᔪᑦ.  ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥ  ᐊᐱᖅᓲᑎ  ᓄᕕᐱᕆ  2009 − ᒥ  ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖃᔪᕗᖅ  ( n = 75)  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐃᓗᑐᔪᓂᑦ  ᐊᐱᖅᓲᑎᖃᔪᕗᑦ  ᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ  ᐃᓄᑐᖃᕐᓄᓪᓗ  ᔮᓐᓄᐊᓕᒻᒥᑦ  ᐅᑐᐱᕆᒧᑦ  2010 − ᒥ ( n = 22). ᐊᐱᖅᓲᑎᒧᑦ  ᑭᒡᒍᓯᐅᔪᔪᑦ  ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᕗᑦ  ᐃᓄᑐᖃᐃᑦ  ᑕᑯᔭᖃᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ  ᓯᓚᐅᑉ  ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᖓᑕ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ,  ᐃᒪᐅᓪᓗ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ  ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ  ᐊᑦᑐᐃᔪᑦ  ᐃᓄᐃᑦ  ᐃᓗᓯᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ  ( p < 0.05).  ᓲᔪᕐᓇᑐᓪᓗ  ᐊᓚᒃᑲᔪᔪᑦ  ᐊᐱᖅᓲᑕᐅᔪᔪᓂᑦ  ᐃᓗᓕᖃᐅᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ  ᒪᑯᓂᖓ:  ᓲᔪᕆᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ  ᓯᓚᐅᑉ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ;  ᓂᓪᓚᓱᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᐆᖅᑰᓇᕐᓂᒧᓪᓗ;  ᓂᓚᐅᑉ,  ᐊᐳᑎᐅᑉ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐅᐱᕐᖔᑉ,  ᐅᑭᐅᑉ  ᐊᓰᓐᓇᓕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ; ᐊᑦᑐᐃᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᓪᓗᑎ  ᑎᒥᒧᑦ   ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ;  ᐃᓱᒪᒧᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐃᓱᒪᒃᑯᑦ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒨᖓᔪᑦ,  ᐃᓚᓕᐅᑦᑐᒋᑦ  ᐃᑉᐱᓐᓂᐊᔾᔪᑎᑦ  ᐃᓄᑑᓕᐅᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᓄᒫᓱᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ;  ᑭᓐᖒᒪᑦᑎᓂᖅᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕈᑎᓂᒃ.  ᐅᓇ  ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ  ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑯᖅ  ᐱᓪᓗᕆᑦᑐᓂᒃ  ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᓂᒃ  ᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ  ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔾᔪᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ  ᓯᓚᐅᑉ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᐊᑦᑐᐊᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ  ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ  ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓᓂ  ᑐᕌᒐᖃᕐᓂᐊᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ  ᑲᔪᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᔅᓴᓂᒃ,  ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖅᑎᒍᑦ  ᐊᑲᕐᕆᔪᓂᒃ  ᐅᐸᓗᖓᐃᔭᕈᑎᓂᒃ  ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᑭᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᒃᑯᑦ  ᐃᑉᐱᓐᓂᕈᑎᓂᒃ  ᓯᓚ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᒍ.


This paper explores the recent phenomenon of mass influx of Ukrainian women at the virtual bride market and the ways in which Ukrainian women construct their identities as brides-in-waiting for the international male consumer. Taking a gender perspective, I examine the manner in which the legacy of the Soviet politics of representation of women as mothers and housewives and the recent development of sexualized cyber-culture regulate representational choices and strategies of Ukrainian women who seek their husbands via the medium of the internet. Different discourses that mediate the construction of a bride image by Ukrainian women position them in multiple, at times, contradictory ways: as subjects resistant to the global sexual commodification of women, as 'biologically destined' mothers and wives, as desperate brides-in-waiting, and finally, as sexual objects that attract the male gaze. My purpose here is to show how even in such an 'innocent' business as the bride market (ostensibly, it provides a common space for women and men who are looking for serious relationships rather than for short-term sexual encounters), the gender construct firmly anchors the behaviors of women-cyberbrides. The paper attempts to initiate a discussion on how the critical reading of the social practices and meanings that regulate the process of creation of cyber-brides identities can illuminate the (dangerous) ways in which globalization can lead to the creation of new gender discourses and to write new sexualized and gendered identities into the emerging narratives of globalizing masculinities.


In this work we evaluate the performance of generic local structures as template points for secure fingerprint matching. We present a generic template structure called an n-gon that derives from a set of n neighboring minutiae points. We secure templates consisting of sets of n-gons using the fuzzy vault construct to obfuscate the data. We report the matching performance of our system in terms of the ZeroFAR for comparison with other systems. We also briefly describe a keyed version of our system for comparison with secure systems that utilize a secret user key.


This study investigates alternatives to current financial accounting treatment of research and development expenditures in United States public corporations. A questionnaire survey was sent to members of the Financial Directors Network of the Industrial Research Institute of America, representing over forty percent of private research and development in the United States. Background research and the survey indicate that if the financial reporting of research and development is modified, research and development will increase and a shift from short?term to long?term projects will occur; and finally United States public corporations will more effectively compete in the international markets.