Development of the Lockheed supersonic transport has followed the basic philosophy that an advance in air travel in terms of speed and economics should be accompanied by similar advances in aeroplane safety and flying qualities. To achieve these objectives, Lockheed's SST design work has been concentrated for many years on the development of a fixed‐wing design. The present configuration—called a double delta—provides a simple high lift system with low wing loading, excellent low speed stability and control, and large favourable ground effects in landing, with inherent advances in operational simplicity and safety.


The life cycle of a population of the quarantine nematode Globodera
 rostochiensis on the root of susceptible potato variety, Desiree, originating
 from an infected field (CC Ljubovija no. 413) on the mountain of Jagodnja in
 the district of Macva, was studied under experimental conditions in Belgrade
 in 2002-2003. The golden cyst nematode completed one generation per year in
 the temperate climate of this region. In 2002, the life cycle lasted 29 days
 after the penetration of the second stage juveniles into the roots. An
 adverse effect of high soil temperatures above 25 °C was observed in 2003,
 influencing the development of the nematode and making the life cycle last
 two months longer.


Abstract. An important task of thermal treatment of carbidostals having different composition of titanium carbide and steel I2XI8H10T is the possibility of improving their strength properties during operation under abrasive wear conditions. This question is new and little studied.


A semiclassical model of the nonlinear operation of the waveguide and slab laser with Gaussian mirror is presented. Nonlinear self-consistent equations including transverse and longitudinal field dependence, gain saturation, spatial hole burning and nonlinear dispersion effects are derived. With the help of energy theorem an approximate solution for steady state single mode operation is present,d which relate the small signal gain to the output power and the laser system characteristic parameters. Characteristics revealing the effects of system parameters are presented for various cavity configurations.


A low bit rate still image compression scheme by compressing the indices of Vector Quantization (VQ) and generating residual codebook is proposed. The indices of VQ are compressed by exploiting correlation among image blocks, which reduces the bit per index. A residual codebook similar to VQ codebook is generated that represents the distortion produced in VQ. Using this residual codebook the distortion in the reconstructed image is removed, thereby increasing the image quality. Our scheme combines these two methods. Experimental results on standard image Lena show that our scheme can give a reconstructed image with a PSNR value of 31.6 db at 0.396 bits per pixel. Our scheme is also faster than the existing VQ variants.


A good literary work is a literary work that can provide knowledge to its readers. One of the literary works that can provide knowledge to its readers is a novel. In literary works, especially novels, usually there are stories that contain good values for life, namely the problem of the nature of human relationships with other humans. The purpose of this study is to describe the cultural values contained in the novel Api Awan Asap by Korrie Layun Rampan. The form of this research is descriptive qualitative with content analysis method. Korrie Layun Rampan's novel entitled Api Awan Asap describes the cultural values contained in life, one of which is cultural values related to the nature of human relationships with each other. Keywords— cultural values, literary anthropology, novel.


RAPD analysis was used to estimate genetic diversity and relationship in 75 individuals which belong to five deer breeds or strains. 41 primers were used, among which 40 generated polymorphic loci. A total of 359 bands were scored, of which 259 (65.6%) were polymorphic. Shannon index was used to estimate the genetic diversity and the proportion of genetic variation within and between populations. The genetic distance among individuals was obtained by proportion of shared fragments. Dendrogram was generated by UPGMA and reflected the genetic relationship among the five deer breeds or strains. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of Shuangyang was the lowest in the five populations. About 54% variation was detected within populations and 46% among populations. The genetic diversity index of five breeds and strains was 1.124 9 in Xifeng, 1.051 7 in Changbaishan, 0.990 8 in Wulanba, 0.974 8 in Qingyuan and 0.766 2 in Shuangyang. Fig 1, Tab 3, Ref 14


IDPC is pleased to announce that the executive summary of our Drug Policy Guide is now available in Arabic. The full version of the Guide is now available in English, French, Spanish, Russian and Georgian, and its executive summary can also be downloaded in English, Czech, French, Italian, Russian and Spanish.


We study a model in which a risk-pooling intermediary such as a money market mutual fund (MMMF) is exposed to runs. In addition to providing risk-pooling services to investors, the MMMF lends funds to borrowers secured by collateral as in security repurchase transactions which are frequently used by intermediaries in the shadow banking system. Inspired by events during the financial crisis, we show that bailouts of such risk-pooling intermediaries are part of an efficient social insurance scheme in the event that a run emerges. Moreover, bailouts can help minimize the costs of "runs on repos" in which there would be large-scale liquidation of collateral as a result of the liquidity crisis. However, this observation does not imply that optimal intervention completely isolates shadow-banking intermediaries from a crisis. In fact, optimal public sector intervention imposes costs on money market funds by requiring them to liquidate some collateral. On the other hand, a commitment to no bailouts contributes to financial instability as the repo market collapses in the wake of a run without a public safety net.


This article aims to present the process of Hungarian harmonization to meet EC legal standards. The first part deals with the background of EU-Hungary relations and the legal and policy framework for harmonization. The second part takes several different fields of Hungarian law required to be approximated to EC law and discusses the extent to which such approximation has had an impact on them. Finally the conclusion seeks to emphasize the progress achieved so far as well as looking forward to issues which remain to be tackled.


The crystal and magnetic structure of RCrO4 oxides (R=Nd, Er and Tm) has been studied by owder neutron diffraction. These compounds crystallize with the zircon-type structure, showing tetragonal symmetry, space group I41=amd: In the case of NdCrO4, magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal the existence of an antiferromagnetic ordering in which both Cr and Nd sublattices are involved. This ordering has been explained on the basis of a propagation vector k 1⁄4 0 and a collinear structure, described by the symmetry mode Ax; the ordered magnetic moments being 0.62 and 0.66mB at 2K for Nd 3+ and Cr, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements reveal that both ErCrO4 and TmCrO4 behave as ferromagnetic compounds with a Curie temperature of 15 and 18K, respectively. Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data for ErCrO4 yields a collinear magnetic structure described with an Fx mode. In the case of the TmCrO4 oxide, the ferromagnetic sublattices of Tm and Cr are aligned antiparallel in the a2b plane, while along the c-axis the magnetic moments point to the same direction. In both compounds, the rather small values obtained for the Er and Tm ordered moments compared with the theoretical ones have been attributed to crystal field effects. The differences in the ferromagnetic structure of these compounds have been explained as the result of the higher rare-earth anisotropy of Tm when compared with Er, for which no magnetic component is present along the c-direction. r 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.


Objective To evaluate the 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging system to trace the insulin-producing cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticals and poly-L-lysine(SPIO PLL) in vivo after intrasplenic transplantation.Materials and Methods BMSCS were induced into insulin-producing cells in vitro and incubated with SPIO PLL.Ten recipient rats were divided into two groups with five rats in each.Then the insulin-producing cells labeled and unlabeled were transplanted into spleens respectively.Serial MRI with T1WI,T2WI,T2*WI were performed before and 5,10,14,21 days after transplantation.Signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of injected area in spleen on T2*WI MRI was measured and compared with histology in different time points.Results The SNR was decreased in labeled group after transplantation(F=182.92,P0.05),but there was no statistical significent difference in different time points(Bonferroni,P0.05).In unlabeled group,SNR demonstrated no significant differences among different time points.Histological analysis showed positive cells distributed in areas of injection.Conclusion Insulin-producing cells can be labelled effectively with SPIO PLL and be monitor in vivo in 1.5 T MR after intrasplenic transplantation in rat,and there was no significant biological influence of cells.


Rust is indispensable in order to synthesize realistic computer generated images. There are two kinds of rust. One is a kind of rust that iron was corroded actually, and another is a kind of rust that has been peeled from rusted iron surfaces and drifted flow of rainwater. We have developed a rust simulation system based on a cellular automaton that generates rust aging textures considering two kinds of rust. Several simulation results verify that two kinds of rust is effective to generate rust aging textures compared with real rust photos. Keywords—component;Computer Graphics,Rust simulation,Main-rust,Sub-rust,Cellular automaton


Circular, double-loop arrays are analyzed via a semi- analytical technique, based on a Moment Method formulation. A Pocklington-type integral equation for the current is cast and discretized through step pulse basis functions. The resulting linear system has a block-circulant form, and is therefore solved analytically, circumventing any possible complications related to numerical inversion of large, ill-conditioned matrices. Using a delta gap source as an excitation, the current and input admittance computation becomes an easy task with minimum mathematical cost. The algorithm utilizes mainly elementary functions and yields results in terms of a rapidly convergent series, applicable to extremely large loops. Data for such loops are presented for the first time in literature. (6 pages)


The most impressive organ that has the ability to produce emotion, flexible enough to enthusiastically modify itself, and is more potent than any computer ever created is the human brain. The well-known form of dementia, which is characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive function that affects more than 15 million people globally, is termed Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Nevertheless, for neurologists, AD classification is a well-known problem. For the classification of various stages of AD, enormous techniques are wielded recently. Grounded on Deep Learning (DL) approaches, a review was done on AD classification. The recent research on the classification of AD grounded on Feature Extraction (FE) and selection approaches and Deep Neural Network (DNN) centered classification along with the dataset-centric classification of AD are emphasized by this research. Finally, regarding performance metrics, the performance of the several approaches wielded for the classification of AD is analogized.


Reviews staff and end‐user training issues in a hybrid library. Provides an overview of some of the related skills issues encountered during a project working with non‐standard entrants in the Institute of Health Studies at the University of Plymouth. The issue is set in the context of UK national initiatives such as the Distributed National Electronic Resource. The development of the hybrid library interface is described. The outcomes are considered at institutional and LIS levels. Issues to be considered include skills audits and training needs analyses, roles and skills, and the primacy of the end user. Concludes that the key question is "how do you get people to change their behaviour?". Indicates that the hybrid library can be a change agent given the right organisational culture and management support.


The neoclassical theory of stellarators predicts the existence of the bootstrap current particularly for rare collisional plasmas[1]. We already showed the possibility that MHD equilibrium beta limit with consistent bootstrap current significantly decrease in the low collisional regime comparing with currentless case depending on the vertical field control methods in finite beta and magnetic configurations[2].


The creation of exciting, new, powerful and accessible e-learning systems depends upon innovations in cognitive science, human learning, e-learning implementation principles and derivative, technological e-learning solutions. The issues of user sensitive design and user diversity are central to such developments and so must be one of the focuses of any effective e-learning system. This chapter shows how a unique characterization of the interaction between e-learning requirements, accessibility and cognitive user modeling generates an inimitable set of solutions to current e-learning problems, through a simple and supportive conceptual framework. In so doing, we show how evidence and insights from diverse subjects such as cognitive science, computing science and social sciences can be integrated to provide a robust platform for the next generations of pedagogically enriched e-learning systems.


Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology offers significant advantages in high resolution ranging due to the superior time-of-arrival (TOA) resolution. In order to allow direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation from simultaneous TOA measurements multiple UWB antennas are required. This paper deals with systems characterized by a frequency bandwidth exceeding the center frequency (e.g. 3.1 to 10.6 GHz). Furthermore, it is focused on the special case where due to a restricted platform size the antenna spacing cannot be chosen large enough in order to avoid severe distortion in the angular dependence of the complex-valued transfer function caused by mutual interaction between the antenna elements. In this paper the impact of this signal distortion on the ranging accuracy is discussed. Furthermore, a novel approach for a first-order compensation of this drawback is presented.


Ethnographic research over an extended period of time enables researchers to monitor political, economic and cultural change in a community or cultural cluster. This paper reviews the research process and the findings of the final series of three ethnographic studies in regional tourism development in Queensland. This series from 1995-1997 attempted to determine whether or not the participating communities could reach beyond the hypothetical dialogue of models to establish festival tourism as an internationalisation and marketing approach for their communities and region.


Instructions for use to control how to route the message service information via a different domain. For example, the access terminal may be configured for indicating a message indicating service is preferred to be invoked by the IP domain or not to call the message service by the IP domain. Subsequently, the access terminal transmits the message service information according to a value of the indication. In some cases, the network entity generating the instruction and sends the instruction access terminal. In some cases, for certain types of traffic according to a selected field to select a message service information transfer domain.


We compare the LQR control for a long-but-finite string of 2 × 2 MIMO systems with the LQR control for the corresponding infinite-dimensional spatially invariant system. We provide analytical and numerical examples where these are different and we investigate the cause. We also provide sufficient conditions for the LQR solutions to be similar as the length of the string increases. This work extends to the 2 × 2 MIMO systems part of the analysis presented in recent papers for the scalar case.


BackgroundThe management of complex abdominal wall defects continues to be a challenging process secondary to the high potential for wound healing issues and ventral hernia recurrences. Body mass index (BMI) is a well-known risk factor when it comes to complications. We hypothesize that higher BMIs result in higher rates of postoperative complications in complex abdominal wall reconstructions (CAWRs). MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent CAWR at Emory University Hospital over a 12-year period. Patients were divided into 4 cohorts based on BMI (15–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, and ≥35 kg/m2). Complication rates among the 4 groups were evaluated as the primary outcome using Pearson &khgr;2 analysis. Further analysis was done on specific complications including mesh exposure, skin necrosis, delayed healing, rate of fistula formation, seroma, hematoma, infection, rate of recurrence, and rate of reoperation. ResultsWe included 313 patients with a mean follow-up of 15.6 months. The rate of overall complications demonstrated a nonsignificant increase with BMI of 15 to 24.9, 25 to 29.9, 30 to 34.9, and 35 kg/m2 or greater (31.7%, 35.0%, 47.6%, and 48.3%; P = 0.079, respectively). The rate of skin necrosis was significantly increased in the higher BMI groups (1.7%, 1.3%, 9.5%, and 13.5%; P = 0.004). The rate of ventral hernia recurrence was significantly increased in the higher BMI groups (8.3%, 12.5%, 29.8%, and 27.0%; P = 0.002). Rates of reoperation were also statistically increased in the higher BMI groups (25.0%, 22.5%, 41.7%, and 34.8%; P = 0.035). Rates of mesh exposure, delayed healing, fistula formation, seroma, hematoma, and infection were not statistically significant among the 4 BMI groups. ConclusionsPatients undergoing CAWR with BMIs greater than 30 kg/m2 have significantly higher rates of skin necrosis, hernia recurrence, and reoperation compared with subgroups of lower BMI. Rates of overall complications among all BMI groups are similar, although trended up with BMI. Surgeons should weight the risks and benefits of CAWR in patients with higher BMIs to reduce specific postoperative complications.


The design of electrical machines often requires the precise evaluation of the iron losses occurring in their core. This can be achieved by using the finite element technique with a hysteresis model to represent the magnetic properties of the iron core. The Preisach model is known in the literature to accurately model this behavior, however its high computational cost limits its use, especially in 3-D applications. This, paper presents a way to significantly improve the computational efficiency of the 3-D vector Preisach model by using a proper mathematical formulation and carefully implementing it.


Distance education has increasingly become a more common instructional method for delivering programs to meet the education and training needs of adult learners. Distance education programs which have utilized web-based technologies have grown tremendously over the past few decades among both adult education and training programs, including enrollment in degree programs offered by colleges and universities. This growth has been cited in the literature and acknowledged by national education organizations (MoosavarABSTRACT


An accurate determination method of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel from soybean oil by GC was developed.The result showed that five kinds of fatty acid methyl esters were linear in range of 4 to 32 g·L-1(r≥0.992 8).The average recovery was 98.28% to 101.85%,and relative standard deviation was less than 0.31%.The coefficiency of variance of precision was 0.17% to 1.59%.


Nitrogen-doped carbon-based acidic ionic liquid hollow nanospheres, [C3N][SO3CF3]-HCSs (C3 = PrSO3H), with different particle sizes (100–900 nm) and shell thicknesses (5–25 nm) as well as interesting morphology-dependent porosity properties were successfully prepared via quaternary ammonization of nitrogen atoms of hollow nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres by 1,3-propane sultone followed by anion exchange with trifluoromethanesulonic acid. The [C3N][SO3CF3]-HCSs were applied in selective conversion of fructose (FOS) to promising fuel blends, 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF) and ethyl levulinate (EL). It showed the [C3N][SO3CF3]-HCSs exhibited high total yields of 5-EMF and EL (higher than 90%), regardless of their particle size and shell thickness, attributed to extremely high selectivity to both compounds, and thereby, very few side products including soluble oligomers and humins were produced. Additionally, the product distribution strongly depended on the morphology and porosity properties of the [C3N][SO...


A cDNA for early light-inducible protein (ELIP) was isolated from Glycine max L. and the nucleotides were sequenced. The cDNA encodes a 192-residue polypeptide of 20.3 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence included a transit peptide in the amino-terminus and three hydrophobic regions long enough to span the thylakoid membranes, and had a high similarity to those of ELIPs and related polypeptides from other plants.


Periodic pattern mining involves identifying all the patterns which exhibit either complete or partial cyclic repetitions in the time series or sequences. Periodic pattern mining or periodicity detection has a number of applications such as prediction, forecasting, detection of unusual activity, etc. The diversified nature of the problem increases the complexity of the proposed solutions; periodic patterns can be of any size, can start and end at any position in the series, can exhibit any period, the series may itself contain any mixture of replacement, insertion and deletion noise and the series can be very large. Moreover, the periodic patterns can be surprising and a series might be sampled non-uniformly. The target of this PhD dissertation is to develop a time and space efficient and noise resilient approach, which uses suffix tree as an underlying data structure and can accurately detect all periodic patterns in the time series that confirms to the diverse nature described above. The approach developed ignores redundant periods and reports only unique periods. The approach has been tested extensively both with real and synthetic data sets. The proposed approach has been tested with time series, sequences, data from bioinformatics and stock market. With synthetic data, different aspects of the technique such as accuracy, time and space efficiency, scalability, and robustness are tested. A comparative analysis with other existing prominent approaches show that the proposed approach is more time and space efficient, it can mine larger sequences, it is more noise resilient and it results only in unique periodic patterns compared with other approaches. Application of the periodicity detection approach to various domains, including biological data (such as DNA, and protein sequences) and stock market data is also analyzed accompanied with experimental results.
Keywords: time series, periodicity detection, suffix tree, symbol periodicity, partial periodic patterns, full-cycle periodicity, noise resilience, DNA sequence analysis.


The main purpose of this research is to investigate whether there is a relationship between mobile subscribers' satisfaction and recommendation behaviour. To examine this association, multiple regressions were used; also, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were undertaken to represent a scale measuring subscribers' satisfaction and recommendation behaviour. Furthermore, the impact of perceived value, interactivity and ease of use on subscribers' satisfaction was examined. The results revealed the impact of subscribers' satisfaction on recommendation behaviour of Iranian consumers. The context in which the study was conducted was Iran, using MTN-Irancell and Hamrah-e-Avval (MCI) subscribers as the sample.


A framework is provided whereby a satisfactory manufacturing policy can be drawn up and policy amendments subsequently audited. Five axioms are set down which must be taken into account, and three unities, which must be preserved in a policy, are stated. The characteristics of the production management function are set out n "the five Ps" which, when systematically used, will assist in deriving useful solutions. Once a policy has been determined, its translation into practice is done by means of two further Ps: "Procedures" and "Paperwork". Combining the five Ps and SWOT analyses provides a matrix by which policy can be examined, and the implication of changes considered.


An albumin‐binding CsA analogue 4MCsA was achieved by attachment of a thiol‐reactive maleimide group at the side‐chain of P4 position of CsA derivative. 4MCsA was semi‐synthesized from CsA, and the cell‐impermeability of albumin‐4MCsA was detected by mass spectrometry and a competitive flow cytometry. 4MCsA exhibits inhibition of chemotaxis activity and inflammation by targeting extracellular CypA without immunosuppressive effect and cellular toxicity. These combined results suggested that 4MCsA can be restricted extracellularly through covalently binding to Cys34 of albumin with its maleimide group, and regulate the functions of cyclophilin A extracellularly.


To study characteristics of a air propeller-gear reducer propulsion device, a scale virtual prototype of the device was established using ADAMS and Pro/E software based on virtual prototyping and parametric modeling. Kinematics and dynamics characteristics were gained through computer simulation in rated-load and in no-load. The influence of elastic coupling for propeller movement and gear meshing force was obtained. Study result shows propeller movement and gear meshing force are influenced by change of device velocity and acceleration, elastic coupling torsion stiffness, propeller's movement of inertia and working load.


Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with an incidence of one in 3,000 [Tonsgard, 2006; Ferner et al., 2007; Friedman, 2009].Heterozygousmutations of the NF1 gene are associated with cellular proliferation, especially in the peripheral nervous system. Multiple caf e-au-lait spots and neurofibromas are the characteristic manifestations of the condition, and neurofibromas can affect almost any organ in the body, though genitourinary involvement is uncommon [Wei et al., 2005]. In addition to neurofibromas and abnormal skin pigmentation, other manifestations distinctive to NF1 can be cognitive and learning disabilities, vascular disease, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, somatostatinomas, and breast cancer [Tonsgard, 2006; Ferner et al., 2007; Brems et al., 2009; Jett and Friedman, 2010]. Diagnosis of NF1 is made using clinical diagnostic criteria developed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) [Tonsgard, 2006; Ferner, 2010] and is confirmed by genetic testing. This 51-year-old patient had clinical manifestations of splenic infarction, a large benign hepatic cyst, and a large uterine fibroma, as well as manifestations of NF1 and anNF1mutation that has not been previously described. She presented to the emergency room with persistent abdominal pain of a few days duration. She was otherwise generally healthy, with past medical history positive only for cervical dysplasia and hyperlipidemia. Computed tomography (CT) scans showed a large 15.0 cm 10.0 cm uterine fibroid, splenic infarction, and a large 10.0 cm 7.7 cm cystic area in the right hepatic lobe (Fig. 1). Due to her iron deficiency anemia, a consult with a hematologist was requested in anticipation of a hysterectomy and to provide recommendations formanagement of the splenic infarction. On physical examination, she was noted to have multiple skin nodules ranging in size from 2mm to 2 cm and pigmented skin lesions, including freckles in the axillae and multiple cafe-au-lait spots, which were diagnostic for NF1. Her family history, though limited in information provided by the patient, was significant for ovarian cancer (mother), colon cancer (father), and breast cancer (paternal aunt), but was negative for skin lesions. Genetic sequencing was performed to confirm a diagnosis of NF1, and anew sequence variantwasdetected.A thrombophilicwork-up showed a mildly elevated homocysteine level of 16mmol/L (range: 0–13.3 mmol/L) and mildly positive anti-cardiolipin immunoglobulin M antibody (13.1MPL units). Lupus anticoagulant and cryoglobulin were negative. Serum protein electrophoresis was normal, and JAK2 mutation was negative. The patient chose a follow-up plan of close observation and did not pursue a hysterectomy or further evaluation of the cystic area in the right hepatic lobe, as had been initially recommended. At her follow-up appointment 2 weeks later, her abdominal pain had resolved. Due to the basically negative thrombophilia workup, she was not placed on long-term anticoagulation. The iron deficiency anemia improved with oral iron therapy. Four months later, she presented with a painful 2 cm skin nodule on her back (Fig. 2), which was removed and shown to be a plexiform neurofibroma (Fig. 3A,B). A mammogram during the same month showed suspicious microcalcifications in the left breast and a radial scar in the right breast. Biopsy of the left breast the following month showed sclerosing adenosis with focal atypia and atypical ductal hyperplasia with microcalcifications. Nine months after initial presentation, during evaluation for further breast surgery, she was found to have a hemoglobin level of 6.4 g/dl. The patient chose to increase her oral iron dose but did not consult with gynecology for heavy menses and uterine fibroids. At follow-up with her hematologist 2 months later, her hemoglobin had recovered to 12.5 g/dl, and her gynecologist recommended a hysterectomy tobeperformedafterworkup for thebreast lesionwas completed. Partial mastectomy of the left breast showed low-grade


[1] Characterizing the level and sources of atmospheric N deposition in a large-scale area is not easy when using physical monitoring. In this study, we attempted to use epilithic mosses (Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.)) as a bioindicator. A gradient of atmospheric N deposition from 13.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1 to 47.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 was estimated on the basis of moss tissue N concentrations and the linear equation between them. The estimated results are reliable because the highest atmospheric N deposition occurred in the middle parts of the Yangtze River, where the highest TN concentrations were also observed. Moss δ15N values in cities and forests were found in distinctly different ranges of approximately −10‰ to −6‰ and approximately −2‰ to 2‰, respectively, indicating that the main N sources in most of these cities were excretory wastes and those in forests were soil emissions. A negative correlation between moss δ15N values and the ratios of NH4-N/NO3-N in deposition (y = −1.53 x + 1.78) has been established when the ratio increased from 1.6 to 6.5. On the basis of the source information, the negative moss δ15N values in this study strongly indicate that NHy-N is the dominant N form in N deposition in the whole drainage basin. These findings are supported by the existing data of chemical composition of local N deposition.


Author(s): Madruga, Blake | Advisor(s): Arisaka, Katsushi | Abstract: Sheet Illumination microscopy is a well developed tool in the bio-imaging community due to many inherent advantages. Increased photonic efficiency allows for lower power light sources to be used, which in turn reduce phototoxic damage at the sample over time. High fidelity, high SNR data can be collected from these systems due to their optical sectioning capabilities, and as such, many have been designed to operate within a limited parameter space. These instruments often follow traditional design logic, for specialization in one imaging condition, to observe only a single type of scientific data. This mentality yields high resolution results for a particular class of data, yet is limited in terms of flexibility. Here, the design and development of a user-configurable light sheet microscope is discussed, which uses a spatial phase modulator to dynamically shape and optimize the incident light sheet to perform highly in a number of temporal and spatial scales. The result is a general purpose microscopy platform for the observation of many biological phenomena.


Testosterone is classically thought of as the hormone controlling male reproduction. However, Wingfield et al. (1990; Wingfield and Moore 1987) have proposed that variation in testosterone levels may be more closely associated with temporal patterns of aggressive and paternal behavior than with changes in reproductive physiology. Specifically, the challenge hypothesis states that as the breeding season commences, testosterone levels in essentially all species rise from a nonbreeding baseline to a slightly higher breeding baseline. Breeding baseline levels of testosterone are sufficient for normal reproductive physiology and behavior but remain well below the physiological maximum, and they have little or no stimulating effect on male-male aggression and mate guarding (fig. 1 in Wingfield et al. 1990). Temporal patterns in testosterone levels within the breeding season are then predicted to differ between species, based on the amount of paternal care and the type of breeding system. In breeding systems with high levels of paternal care (typical of monogamy), testosterone levels should increase above the breeding baseline only when aggression is triggered by challenging males or by mate guarding/mating. At other times, testosterone levels should remain at the breeding baseline so that aggression does not interfere with paternal care of offspring (Wingfield et al. 1990). In contrast, testosterone levels in breeding systems with little paternal care (typical of polygyny) should rise to near the physiological maximum and remain highly elevated throughout he breeding season, which would facilitate behavior appropriate for male-male competition. Consequently, in species with little paternal care, testosterone levels should respond weakly (if at all) to aggressive males or receptive females, because testosterone is already at or near the effective maximum. In species with considerable paternal care, testosterone should respond to behavioral challenges strongly (Wingfield et al. 1987, 1990). Data from over 20 species of free-living birds support the above predictions clearly (Wingfield et al. 1990). Patterns of testosterone secretion in mountain spiny lizards also fit these predictions (Moore 1986), and Wingfield et al. (1990, page 830) suggest that the challenge hypothesis "may have wide application for vertebrates in general." Mammals are conspicuous by their absence among the species for which the challenge hypothesis has been tested. Frank et al. (1985) and Wingfield et al. (1990) review several laboratory studies that suggest testosterone levels and aggression correlate in primates and rodents, but the correlation is complicated by environmental and social factors (Beach 1975; Dixon 1980; Bernstein et al. 1983;


Self-, peer, and assessor evaluations in an assessment center were compared to determine whether these three sources utilized the same types of performance information when making overall assessments of managerial potential. Peer and assessor evaluations were expected to show more similarity in terms of information usage than either source would show with self-evaluations. Participants were 186 employees of a large petroleum company rated in an assessment center. Self-, peer, and assessor evaluations were made on six performance dimensions and on overall managerial potential. Results supported the first hypothesis that self-assessments of managerial potential would be based to a greater extent on information not generated in the assessment center (due to preexisting knowledge of the self) than would peer and assessor evaluations. However, the second hypothesis was not supported since assessors and peers weighted the six performance dimensions least similarly, contrary to predictions that self-ratings would be least similar. The impact of the rating context (job versus assessment center) was discussed as a possible explanation for the unexpected similarity of selfevaluations with both peer and assessor evaluations in the present study. Historically, research on ratings of performance dimensions in the Industrial/Organizational Psychology literature has emphasized accurate measurement. Disagreement among rating sources (e.g., self-, peer, and assessor or supervisor) has long been viewed as problematic and as indicative of both rating bias and lack of construct validity. Furthermore.


The potential of composite materials for use in the field of construction is described on the basis of Japanese current activities on fiber reinforced plastics. The fields of major interest are: (1) large scale structures, (2) bridges, (3) railways. The seeds and needs concerning fiber reinforced plastics are fully illustrated in view of existing data in Japan.


Sudden cardiac death (SCD) occurs frequently in forensic practice and results in no visible pathological changes that can be detected in an autopsy. In recent years, the genetic background has been emphasized when examining SCD cases. The aim of this study is to establish a feasible system to detect SCD‐related genes for forensic DNA laboratories. Forty‐five reported SCD‐associated SNPs from sodium voltage‐gated channel alpha subunit 5 (SCN5A) were considered in our experiment. We established a SNaPshot assay for the typing of 45 SNPs using multiplex PCR and the minisequencing technique. Two multiplex PCRs were performed and optimized to cover 14 and 16 DNA fragments. The SCD victims came from the Chinese Han population residing in Shanxi and Chongqing provinces and were examined and compared with a non‐SCD group and with normal healthy individuals. A missense mutation at rs1805124 (H558R) was detected in the Chinese Han population in this study. A SNaPshot assay can be performed in any forensic DNA laboratory and would be capable of meeting the increasing demand for SCD detection. This method would also be beneficial for screening at‐risk in family members of SCD victims.


Carbon dioxide flux from the soil has been monitored for 20 years at Cava dei Selci, the main degassing site of Colli Albani quiescent volcano. Cava dei Selci gas discharge occurs at the north-western periphery of the volcano, within an old stone quarry crossed by a NW-SE volcano-tectonic lineament. The area around the manifestation has been densely urbanized and lethal accidents by gas inhalation have occurred to a man and to dozens of animals including cows and sheep. Some houses had to be permanently evacuated because of hazardous indoor gas concentrations. Emitted gas is dominated by CO2 (>90 vol.%) with <1 vol.% of H2S. Isotopic composition (δ13C and 3He/4He) suggests a deep magmatic origin. No significant compositional variations have been recorded during the observation period.

Surveyed area includes a fixed grid of 130 points, regularly distributed over an area of about 5500 m2, where soil CO2 flux surveys have been carried out 55 times from May 2000 to August 2020 by accumulation chamber. Collected data have been reprocessed by sequential Gaussian simulation. The total diffuse CO2 output is highly fluctuating, with a maximum rate of 24.8 t*d−1 in January 2006 and a minimum value of 5.6 t*d−1 in December 2003; the estimated mean±1σ is 12.1±4.5 t*d−1. All the flux maps show typically a highly emissive area in the internal sector of the investigated grid, with NW-SE elongation. Another anomalous zone, with the same elongation, is found in the SW of the survey area. Diffuse degassing rate (total flux normalized by survey area) is similar to that of active volcanic zones.

In the same zone an automatic permanent station continuously measured the soil CO2 flux and environmental parameters (which may influence the soil gas flux) from 2004 to 2008 and from 2019 to present. Results of timeseries processing by Multiple Linear regression and Principal Component analysis, commonly used to filtrate and clear data from atmospheric inferences (for example at Stromboli and Campi Flegrei), were unsatisfying for Cava dei Selci. Therefore, we reprocessed the timeseries by the stochastic Gradient Boosting Trees regression technique. This allowed to explain up to 55 % of the CO2 variance by environmental variations; 45 % of the variance therefore reflects deep-seated processes. This technique looks promising for the regression of soil CO2 flux timeseries. The results of 20 years monitoring confirm that Cava dei Selci is a convenient site for both monitoring a potential unrest of the volcano and assessing the gas hazard in the nearby inhabited zone.


In general, tectonic stylolites are not parallel to bedding and are formed as a result of the spatial tectonic compression of carbonate rocks. They characterize deformed carbonates of orogenic regions. Under the influence of tectonic compression, stylolites can be shaped along the present fractured discontinuities or as independently formed systems of stylolite sutures (RAILSBACK & ANDREWS, 1995). Either case, it is clear that the stylolite columns are oriented parallel to the main stress direction (σ1). If the stylolite columns are not perpendicular to the stylolite suture plane, it means that stylolites have been shaped along the discontinuity plane that already existed (DEAN et al., 1988). In Jurassic limestone foothills of the Pyrenees PETIT & MATTAUR (1995) have determined two phases of tectonic stylolite occurrences. The first generation of styThe Relationship Between Tectonic Stylolites and Fold Morphology in Limestones of the "Croatica Deposits" (Croatia)


Two of the fundamental problems in modern cosmic ray astrophysics are 1) the determination of the local interstellar spectra of galactic cosmic rays at low energies (E∼1 GeV/N), and 2) the need for a correct quantitative treatment of particle propagation in turbulent magnetic fields. Both problems are linked to each other since the energy spectra measured in the vicinity of the Earth are altered by solar modulation, described by Parker's transport equation. Computations done in the seventies predicted that the cosmic ray nuclei spectra are only weakly modulated over the poles of the Sun. The high heliospheric latitude ESA/NASA Ulysses mission, however, has measured strongly modulated energy spectra over the poles of the Sun around solar minimum, leading to a new understanding of the importance of the transport processes, especially the diffusion and drift coefficients, involved. Several attempts have been made to derive these parameters directly from the particle interaction with the turbulent magnetized ...


The FEM model of some produced entire-bearing coach body frame has been established.In the case of stiff-ness and stated strength,the author proposed lightweight program in order to achieve the objectives of the body frame to reduce weight.


Internal combustion engine, comprising a plurality of cylinder banks, each with a cylinder head and a lubricant circuit for supplying lubricant to the cylinder heads, wherein a lubricant connection duct between the cylinder heads and an effective in the lubricant connection channel pump for delivering lubricant are provided from a cylinder head to another cylinder head, as well as methods for controlling a pump of an such an internal combustion engine.


In recent years, the demand for healthy products has been increasing, so much research has focused on the production of foods and beverages with nutraceutical potential. The aim of this work was to develop an energy drink, based on panela, passion fruit juice and aloe vera (AV) crystals with antioxidant properties. The content of 2 Nieto-Calvache, J.E.; Suarez-Ramos, C.A.: Bebida con potencial antioxidante phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and the anti-radical capacity of the raw materials and beverages produced were evaluated. A sensory analysis was performed, to verify the acceptance of taste, color, AV texture and overall acceptability of three beverages, selected according to their antioxidant properties. The results showed that panela had the highest content of phenolic compounds (59.4 ± 0.2mg AGE/g), while passion fruit juice had the highest anti-radical activity (657 ± 5μg eq AA/mL). The beverages analyzed within the experimental design varied in their antioxidant activity with varying factors. Of the three drinks selected, drink 2 had the highest antiradical capacity (419 ± 1μg AA eq/mL) and vitamin C content (15,75 ± 0,03μg/mL) and also a significant content of phenolic compounds (7,6 ± 2mg AGE/mL). Likewise, the results of the sensory panel showed that beverage 2 had a high overall acceptability and a greater acceptance of the taste, so it can be concluded that this drink is the one with the greatest antioxidant and commercial potential.


A Sin3‐interacting domain (SID) originally described in Mad proteins is necessary for both transcriptional repression and growth suppression by these transcription factors. We recently reported that a structurally and functionally related Mad1‐like SID is also present in five Sp1‐like repressor proteins (TIEG1, TIEG2, BTEB1, BTEB3 and BTEB4), demonstrating that SID–mSin3A interactions have a wider functional impact on transcriptional repression. SID–mSin3A interaction is necessary for the anti‐proliferative function of Mad, TIEG and BTEB proteins. It remains to be established, however, whether the SID–mSin3A interaction is constitutive or regulated. Here, we describe that the Mad1‐like SID domain of the Sp1‐like repressor TIEG2 is inhibited by the epidermal growth factor (EGF)–Ras–MEK1–ERK2 signaling pathway, via phosphorylation of four serine/threonine sites adjacent to the SID. This phenomenon disrupts the SID–mSin3A interaction and thereby inhibits TIEG2's repression activity. Thus, these results show for the first time that the repression of a SID‐containing protein is regulated by signaling rather than functioning in a constitutive manner, extending our understanding of how the function of SID‐containing repressors may be controlled.


Water is one of the most important natural resources that necessary for sustainable socio- economic development of any economy. It is link and having a relationship with each sector of the society including social, economic and environment. The objective of the study is to examine the long-run relationship between water resources and specific growth factors (energy consumption, water availability in agriculture, agriculture value added, urbanization, population and trade openness) in Pakistan using Johansen cointegration technique. Data set from 1975-2009 are taken for time series analysis. The result reveals that there is long-run relationship between all given variables i.e., water resources, energy consumption, water availability in agriculture, agriculture value added, urbanization, population and trade openness. Energy consumption and agriculture value added are positive related to water availability (environmental factor) both in the short and long-run. Increase in urbanization is the major contributor to environmental damages (water availability). Population has a significant impact on water availability in the short-run; however, it is insignificant in the long-run. Trade openness has a negative impact on water recourses in the long-run. The results of impulse response analysis indicate that one standard error shock to water has a negative impact on energy consumption, urbanization and population, while a positive impact on agriculture value added and trade openness over a 10 year period. Similarly, a high proportion of water shock is explained by their own innovations compared to the innovations for energy consumption, agriculture value added, urbanization, population and trade openness variables.


This forum feature includes an introductory essay on Samoan language usage among the diaspora in the United States and New Zealand. There is a roundtable of Samoan speakers of varying levels addressing concerns of language usage and proficiency in the diaspora. The section also features a first-person reflection on Samoan language practices in New Zealand


Features of the variational formulation realization for the magnetic field as the first-order differential form with external orientation are presented in the. Space approximation is performed on a special grid partition - dual mesh. A method of constructing basis functions for dual mesh is proposed. The results of computational experiments for model problems are presented.


Ultimately, the target population of a tetravalent dengue vaccine will be the children of dengue endemic countries for whom infection is likely and complications are a high risk and carry a high mortality rate. The benefit for the ADF and the military of other nations not endemic for dengue is the possibility of preventing a major cause of non-battle casualties. Initial results of this trial in the ADF will be presented at the 10th Conference of the Australian Military Medicine Association.


The molecular mechanism behind hyperthermia coupled to radiation-induced DNA damage sensitivity is not known. The model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to establish that a transient heat shock and particularly the concomitant induction of Hsp90 lead to increased genomic instability via transcriptional regulation of the major checkpoint kinase Rad53.


This study investigated financial crimes in Somali public sector. It intended to explicitly assess public workers' perception of financial crimes, as well as the primary causes and effects of financial crimes in Somali Public Sector. A descriptive research approach was used in this study, and a questionnaire was used to gather data from 160 participants. This research was guided by the Fraud Triangle Theory and Fraud Dimond Theory which describe pressure, opportunity, rationalization and capability as key factors for conducting financial crimes. Although these elements have a significant influence, the findings showed that opportunity mainly representing improper internal audit and control, poor governance and improper duty segregation is the most contributing element to financial crimes in Somali public sector. The findings also revealed that financial crimes disturb resource allocation, wealth distribution and socioeconomic development, resulting in poverty and loss of public trust in government institutions. The study concludes that the financial crimes in public sector of Somalia is alarming and is affecting the economy, quality of life, wellbeing, integrity and social progress. However, this study recommends that the Somali government should establish effective control mechanisms, apply appropriate budgetary strategies to ensure government financial soundness and establish/activate government anti-corruption bodies to combat any form of corruption and financial crimes. Furthermore, the government should develop strong legal frameworks to promote accountability and deter perpetrator. The research also recommends that the government implement e-government with the purpose of increasing transparency and public trust. Finally, the study recommends that international donors should help Somalia to develop strong public institutions by providing administrative and technical support, particular, public financial management system.


This study was carried out to investigate the dose-dependent effect of methyl jasmonate on both the adventitious root growth and the accumulation of various eleutherosides in the bioreactor culture of Eleutherococcus senticosus adventitious roots. The highest biomass production (5.4 g DW/L) was observed in the absence of methyl jasmonate and the root growth was significantly decreased by increasing the methyl jasmonate concentration. However, methyl jasmonate stimulated the production of both eleutheroside B, E and . The highest level of eleutheroside B (359.9 /g DW) was obtained at 40 of methyl jasmonate, while eleutheroside E and was accumulated at the highest level by the addition of 10 of methyl jasmonate. Total eleutheroside was increased up to 3818.1 per liter when 10 of methyl jasmonate was applied. In addition, when the adventitious roots were cultured with 20 of methyl jasmonate, the highest levels of eleutheroside B, E and were observed at the 12th, 3th and 9th days of culture, respectively.


Abstract 1718 Poster Board I-744 Introduction Cholesterol synthesis is enhanced in blast cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, as indicated by high mRNA levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR) and LDL receptor (LDLR) and increased LDL uptake. In addition, AML cells exposed to chemotherapeutic drugs acutely increase their cholesterol content, which renders these cells less susceptible to chemotherapy. Statins inhibit HMG-CoAR, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. As a result, both the cholesterol synthesis route and the isoprenylation route are blocked. The latter route leads to the production of the isoprenoids farnesyl (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Small GTP-ases Ras and Rho require farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenylation for their proper function, a process which is catalyzed by farnesyltransferase (FTase) or geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase). Simvastatin has shown to be cytotoxic to primary (CD34 + ) AML cells in vitro , however, these effects are heterogeneous. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of simvastatin-induced cytotoxicity and the heterogeneity therein. This could be extensively studied by making use of cell lines that display a strong heterogeneity in responsiveness to simvastatin. Methods In 9 myeloid leukemic cell lines we mimicked or rescued the cytotoxic effects of simvastatin with compounds acting on either the cholesterol synthesis route or the isoprenylation route. Results In the cell lines, we identified 3 subgroups: sensitive (EC50 3-15 μM: NB4, OCI-M3, HL60), medium sensitive (EC50 16-50 μM: THP-1, U937, K562), and insensitive (EC50 60-100 μM: UT7-GM, TF-1, KG1a) to simvastatin, as determined by assessing cytotoxicity using a chemoluminescence assay. In all cell lines, simvastatin-induced cytotoxicity could completely be rescued by mevalonate, a compound directly downstream of HMG-CoAR. This indicates that the mevalonate pathway is indeed the key pathway involved in statin-induced cytotoxicity. To assess the role of the cholesterol synthesis route, mRNA levels of HMG-CoAR and LDLR were determined following simvastatin-treatment. In all cell lines, HMG-CoAR (1.5-7.8 fold) and LDLR (1.5-3.2 fold) mRNA expression were increased. No relationship existed between the basal or induced mRNA expression levels of both genes and simvastatin-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, squalene, a cholesterol precursor, did not rescue simvastatin-induced cell death. The role of the isoprenylation route, which is linked to the GTP-ases Ras and Rho, was assessed by rescue studies: simvastatin-induced cytotoxicity could especially be rescued by GGPP (68%), but also by FPP (42%), in the sensitive cell lines. Rescue was less pronounced in the insensitive cell lines (12% and 26% by GGPP and FPP, respectively), indicating a difference between the cell lines at the level of isoprenylation. This observation was confirmed by the finding that GGTI-298, a GGTase inhibitor, and to a lesser extent tipifarnib, an FTase inhibitor, were more effective in the sensitive cell lines compared to the insensitive cell lines (60% versus 96% viability at 0.2 μM, p=0.005; and 55% versus 78% viability at 5 μM, p=0.001, respectively). Also the ERK inhibitor U0126, acting downstream of Ras, was more effective in the sensitive cell lines when looking at cell viability (48% versus 70%, p=0.01) and pERK inhibition, as determined by Western blot. This is in line with the observed relationship between simvastatin-induced cytotoxicity and inhibition of pERK. Y27632, an inhibitor of ROCK (downstream target of Rho), and LY294,002, an Akt inhibitor (downstream of Ras), were equally cytotoxic in all cell lines. Currently, experiments are ongoing to obtain more detailed information on the mechanism involved by assessing the activity of Ras, GGTase and FTase, and we will confirm our findings in primary AML cells. Conclusion Our data indicate that the Ras-isoprenylation route, rather than the cholesterol synthesis route of the mevalonate pathway is responsible for simvastatin-induced cytotoxicity and the heterogeneous response between AML cells. Supported by a grant of the Dutch Cancer Society Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Markov Chain Structure and Models Historical Note States and Transitions Model of the Weather Random Walks Estimating Transition Probabilities Multiple-Step Transition Probabilities State Probabilities after Multiple Steps Classification of States Markov Chain Structure Markov Chain Models Problems References Regular Markov Chains Steady State Probabilities First Passage to a Target State Problems References Reducible Markov Chains Canonical Form of the Transition Matrix The Fundamental Matrix Passage to a Target State Eventual Passage to a Closed Set Within a Reducible Multichain Limiting Transition Probability Matrix Problems References A Markov Chain with Rewards (MCR) Rewards Undiscounted Rewards Discounted Rewards Problems References A Markov Decision Process (MDP) An Undiscounted MDP A Discounted MDP Problems References Special Topics: State Reduction and Hidden Markov Chains State Reduction An Introduction to Hidden Markov Problems References Index


A remarkable decrease in children's throwing ability has recently been reported. Until now, although throwing ability of children has been mainly assessed by distance, velocity has also become easily instrumentally measurable. However, the relationship between the throwing distance and velocity remains unclear. This study examined the age and gender differences in throwing distance and velocity, and their relationship in preschool children. Participants were 270 children (boys: 134, girls: 136), 3–6 year olds. Both the measured values had high reliability (ICC = throwing distance: boys, 0.73, girls, 0.70; throwing velocity: boys, 0.83, girls, 0.78) and were greater in boys than in girls, in 6-year-olds than in 5-year-olds, and in 5-year-olds than in 3- and 4-year-olds. Partial correlation coefficient eliminating age effect was significant (boys: 0.65, girls: 0.53). Correlation at each age was significant and high at 5 and 6 years old (r = 0.70~0.76), but insignificant only in 3-year-old girls. In conclusion, throwing velocity has high reliability, similar to throwing distance, and reflects gender- and age-related differences in preschool children. Although throwing velocity is related to throwing distance, their relationship differs according to children's gender and age.


Diabetes is a global epidemic. The recommended goals for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and blood pressure are achieved only in a very small minority of patients. In this supplement to Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, we review the data showing that the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam lowers both HbA1c and LDL-C in patients with diabetes. These data make colesevelam an attractive therapy to get more patients to achieve their LDL-C and HbA1c goals.


Today, there is a tendency towards an increase of the number of the female population that has crossed the line of menopause, which makes it more urgent to improve the quality of life of women and to develop safe methods for the prevention and treatment of climacteric syndrome (CS), which is an integral medical, social and economic problems. In view of the presence of contraindications for use and defined risks of complications with the use of hormone menopausal therapy (HRT), it is necessary to develop alternative methods for the prevention and treatment of perimenopausal symptoms. This literary review of domestic and foreign sources demonstrates information about the role of the plant lignan 7-hydroxymatairezinol (7-HMR) in maintaining the physical and psychoemotional health of women in the period of peri- and postmenopause. As a result of the analysis of the therapeutic effects of the 7-HMR molecule, the ability to relieve the main symptoms of CS (neurovegetative presentations and emotional disorders), to improve the general state of health and metabolic profile of perimenopausal women was revealed. High safety and low incidence of side effects were noted, as well as a positive effect on the dynamics of body weight. The presence of a stable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity 7-HMR makes it possible to recommend this lignan to women in the climacteric period as an effective drug for the prevention of the formation of immune deficiency, which contributes to the development of oncological and autoimmune diseases. The proven antitumor activity confirms the promise of using the 7-HMR for the implementation of oncopreventive measures in women of peri- and postmenopausal age.


Researching on urban drainage facilities from the perspective of utility, selection of utility evaluation method for the analysis of factor analysis method and AMOS software, according to the utility theory of value, it summarized the factors of influence drainage facilities utility, finally got 6 main factors and 16 secondary factors of affecting the city drainage facilities' utility, and to establish a set of scientific, systematic and operability of the utility value evaluation model of urban drainage facilities, to assess the objective value of utility of the urban drainage facilities.


IIt is commonly accepted that the penalty kick relies on luck. It is then easy to admit that players (striker and goalkeeper) need to be fast to be successful. However, previous studies showed that there are time relations between both players that must be taken into account. Players need to be aware of the opponent's actions (stimulus) in order to react (Vicente et al., 2009). The aim of this study was to analyze if the stimulus velocity in the penalty kick influenced the time that it will take to respond it. Methods We've used a software (MeSiR1.1) designed to measure the relation between the velocity of the stimulus and the time to respond it. The test was based on a stimulus, a goalkeeper that moved from the center of the goal to each side at different velocities (4, 2 and 1 meter per seconds) randomly. The players (69 university football players) had to press a correspondent letter in the keyboard (previously known – N for right and B for left) for 15 trials. Each test data was automatically collected by the software which provided the response time to each stimulus velocity.


The transition to softcopy photogrammetry has resulted in photogrammetric operations becoming an integral part of geographic information system (GIS) database construction tasks. In particular, digital orthophotos are now recognized as valuable "base map" coverages that can be used to identify ground control, update existing coverages for land use/cover and transportation routes and assess changes in the landscape caused by construction or environmental phenomena (Figure 1).


The article shows the role of culture in international relations. The authors describe the activities of various organizations whose mission is to develop the intercultural dialogue. The conclusion is made that contemporary examples of mutual enrichment of culture and politics, culture and economy prove the value and opportunities of culture in contemporary international relations. Today's culture is an independent branch of foreign cultural policy, basis for active multilateral cooperation. However, culture and cultural events have also a specific social significance and are able to give a new status to any political and economic developments and to actualize a business program. Today it is possible to note the consistent expansion and adoption of various cultural projects in international public relations projects. [Bogoliubov M.A., Kharevich N.S. Contemporary cultural dialogue: institutional frameworks and new opportunities for the technologies of international public relations. Life Sci J 2014;11(11s):375-378] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85


Recommendation 7.4 in the draft report unveiled by the Australian Stock Exchange's corporate governance council seeks to address an increasing investment community focus on environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues as well as the investment risks they raise.


Shelter and street surveys of homeless people provide information from only a subgroup of the total population, obtained in conditions which may bias answers and make checks on validity impossible. An alternative research agenda of "hanging out," involvement in the homeless movement, and collection of oral histories is described and critiqued. Comparisons of data developed in these ways to shelter survey data demonstrate that shelter data cannot be used to adequately describe the total homeless population. The alternative methods, while facing problems of representativeness, time constraints, and bias due to involvement, appear to produce a more accurate picture of homeless people in their diversity. In December of 1982 I received a grant to investigate homelessness in Santa Barbara, California. The research methods I employed to carry out that investigation were not those generally used by researchers, instead largely consisting of "hanging out" with homeless people, active involvement in the local homeless movement, and the subsequent collection of forty-four in-depth oral histories from people I had come to know through those activities. While most recent data on homeless people have come from shelter surveys, I doubted such information was adequately conveying either the diversity or the true experiences of homeless people. Many homeless people apparently remain outside the shelter population (Cleghorn 1984; Cuomo 1984; Rosenfeld 1984; Snow et al 1989; Archard 1979);2in particular, recent research has highlighted a vast "hidden homeless" population who use neither shelters nor most social services (Hombs and Snyder 1983; Kozol 1988; Ropers 1988; Rossi et al 1987; Hope and Young 1986; Robinson 1985; Cuomo 1984), a population increasingly obvious to me as I began working with homeless people in Santa Barbara.3 Further, the "captive" nature of the shelter survey situation


This paper discusses the profile and roles of Network of East Asian Think-tanks (NEAT) as an epistemic community in East Asia that encourages economic cooperation in the region. As a medium of "second track diplomacy", NEAT has been complementing "first track diplomacy" and other tracks that were utilized by Japan and China to defend their interests. The two countries sought to integrate the first and second track diplomacy in creating economic cooperation in East Asia.


The Yangtze River Delta region is one of the most developed regions in China, and its mechanism of regional integration and cooperation has been promoted for a long time, and its development experience is worth summarizing and being learned from other regions. This paper will focus on the economic development of the Yangtze River Delta region and the implementation of the regional integration cooperation mechanism, and will analyze the GDP data, population data, and industrial distribution of the region to understand the advantages and loopholes of the development process. The paper will analyze the implementation of regional integration and some specific practices in the Yangtze River Delta region, and draw out the elements that need to be considered in order for each region to promote regional integration and sound economic development.


Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Unverricht-Lundborg type is the most common cause of progressive myoclonus epilepsy worldwide. Typical features include onset at the age of 6-15 years, stimulus-sensitive myoclonus, tonic-clonic seizures, a progressive course and characteristic electroencephalographic findings with an exceptionally high sensitivity to photic stimulation. With modern anticonvulsive therapy the symptoms are relatively well controlled, and the disease may not always progress. Previously, no biochemical or pathological marker existed for the diagnosis of Unverricht-Lundborg disease. The positional cloning strategy was applied to identify the genetic defects that are responsible for this disease. The underlying gene encodes cystatin B, a cysteine protease inhibitor. The major mutation worldwide is an unstable expansion of a dodecamer minisatellite repeat unit in the promoter region of the cystatin B gene. In addition, five 'minor' mutations have been described. In the majority of patients,...


The theory of ''Fixed Factor Measurement'' is discussed. It is defined as simply the application of a constant loaded regulator, adjusted for required constant PSI outlet pressure. An applicable pressure correction factor is programmed into a computer designated for that meter and account number. When the monthly uncorrected meter reading is entered into the computer, designated for that meter number, the computer applies the fixed pressure correction factor and the consumer's invoice is computed in standard cubic foot units. The author stresses the importance of applying the correct regulator to obtain the optimum ''Fixed Factor Measurement'' accuracy.


In the last few years, as feminist movements and protests call attention to inequality and violence against women, the work of more women writers has stood out internationally. In my country, Mexico, authors like Cristina Rivera Garza, Fernanda Melchor, Yásnaya Aguilar Gil, or Valeria Luiselli are currently part of a group as famous as any male group of writers in the last hundred years, and their books aremore highly regarded than those of theirmale contemporaries. At the same time, byway of reissues andnew critical appreciations, thework of women writers from earlier decades is being rescued and reassessed. All this feels like a long-postponed rectification, and it even poses a contrafactual scenario: would literature have been different, would it be different right now, if the inequality that has marked it since its beginning had not existed? The answer is no and yes. The totality of human life would be essentially the same. But there would be more explorations: more names, more texts, more points of view. And the exploration would be deeper Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas, Issue 103, Vol. 54, No. 2, 2021, 312–314


Procrastination, self-blame, and unproductive behavior are widespread problems in student populations and in human beings generally. The authors present a framework, called Transforming Failure into Success, which is utilized in undergraduate classes and based on self-observation, self-acceptance, and mental rehearsal of positive changes. They provide instructions and guidelines for positive mental rehearsal. They present a study comparing matched groups of undergraduate students, an intervention group that learned the Transforming Failure into Success approach, and a control group that did not. Both groups completed Likert-type scales assessing procrastination, productivity, and energy level. The students in the intervention group showed significant improvements in reducing procrastination, improving productivity, and increasing energy.


This paper takes a comprehensive look at the current state of army aviation attack helicopter squadrons of the Polish Armed Forces. The aim of the article is to present a concept for the functioning of the attack reconnaissance squadrons of the Polish Armed Forces, which takes into account the identified requirements of the Land Forces of the Polish Armed Forces in relation to army aviation on the battlefield and the current limitations in the functioning of the attack helicopter squadrons of the Polish Armed Forces. To meet this aim, qualitative research included interviewing, observation and the collection and qualitative analysis of texts and documents. The study revealed that it is necessary to organise attack-reconnaissance squadrons with a modular organisational structure including: a headquarters, a command company, three attack-reconnaissance companies, an aviation maintenance company and a supply company, capable of conducting autonomous operations in independent directions (areas). The squadrons should be equipped with new attack-reconnaissance helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles as well as equipment for their technical and logistical support that will be part of their individual subunits. The results of the research are the basis for further, in-depth research on the issue of improving the functioning of attack helicopter squadrons, so that they are fully capable of supporting the land forces of the Polish Armed Forces in large scale combat operations.


This paper presents a stress analysis carried out in order to understand the effect of engine intake aerodynamic loads on the F-111 FS496 former and surrounding intake structure. In the cases investigated, the air pressure distributions were known, so the air pressure was applied directly to the intake nacelle wall. A sensitivity study was subsequently carried out to compare a real pressure distribution and different functions representing the pressure distribution. It was concluded that the results were not greatly affected by the different functions.


A lot of progress has been achieved in the field of electric vehicles in recent years. The electric motor is the most crucial component of an EV. With the introduction of new designs and the occurrence of torque ripple in permanentmagnet motors, these motors continue to advance in quality. To better understand this shortcoming, we employ finite elements analysis on a 60-volt, 30-amp, 2,000-rpm internal permanent magnet motor. The analysis was provided on several different levels. Internal permanent magnet motors can come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but some common ones include the angled barrier, the lateral, and the curved. Testing environments were simulated for the IPMs, and their estimated performance was compared to that of several rotor types.


Because of the rapid growth of the elderly population and the decreasing number of days that patients are able to remain in the hospital, the task of discharge planning has become increasingly critical and challenging. This article reports on a study undertaken to examine the adequacy of discharge plans developed for dementia patients and to investigate factors related to inadequate plan development and patient readmission. Study results suggest that a sizeable proportion of dementia patients are discharged without adequate aftercare plans and are at risk of rehospitalization. The findings of this study point to significant family and resource-related factors that compromise discharge plan adequacy for dementia patients. Implications for practice, education, and policy are discussed.


To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CT, MRI and CEUS alone and in combination, for the diagnosis of HCC between 10 and 30 mm, in a large population of cirrhotic patients.


The IEEE / OSA Journal of Display Technology (JDT) invite manuscript submissions for a special issue in the area of holographic display technology. The purpose of this issue of JDT is to document recent advances in the physics, devices, materials, and applications of holographic or diffraction based displays or display related systems and technology. Broad technical areas include (but are not limited to):


The superheavy nuclear production mechanism can be described by fusion reactions with the dinuclear system concept, in which the deformations of the two nuclei are assumed to stay at their ground state with nucleons transferring between them. Actually the two nuclei have to deform due to very strong nuclear and Coulomb interactions between them. These deformations can be analytically described by a Fokker-Planck equation, and by combining them with a master equation that describes the nucleon transfer between nuclei the superheavy nuclear production cross sections can be investigated systematically. The calculated results are in good agreement with available data, and the evaporation residue cross sections for synthesizing the superheavy nuclei Z = 119 and 120 are predicted.


ABSTRACT Pine wilt disease, caused by the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pinewood nematode), has caused extensive damage to Pinus forests where it has invaded countries with susceptible hosts and with co-occurring native species of the cerambycid beetle Monochamus. A pest risk analysis showed that there is a moderate likelihood of pinewood nematode and its primary vector, M. alternatus (Japanese pine sawyer beetle), arriving, establishing and spreading in Australia, and impacting Pinus plantations. Based on our climatic analysis, subtropical and Mediterranean climates in Australia are moderately-to-highly likely to be suitable for M. alternatus, but temperate regions may not be suitable. We present a scenario where pine wilt disease establishes in commercial Pinus plantations in south-east Queensland, spreads and causes significant tree mortality. The economic analysis suggested substantial losses in plantation timber revenue arising from tree mortality due to pine wilt disease, even at low probabilities of establishment and low rates of spread and mortality. For example, assuming chance of establishment is 5% y−1, spread rate is 1 km y−1, tree mortality rate is 20% and a 5% discount rate, the expected present value of plantation timber revenue losses in south-east Queensland is AU$6.9 million. This translates into high expected benefits from biosecurity programs, and indicates that it would be economically efficient to spend up to AU$0.345 million y−1 on biosecurity to keep pine wilt disease from establishing in south-east Queensland.


Preamble The phenomenon of Caste has aroused more controversy than any other aspect of Indian life and thought. Some see India's caste system as the defining feature of Indian culture and some have dismissed it as a colonial artefact. Since the days of the British rule, both historians and anthropologists referred to India as a 'caste society'. Obviously this is an overstatement of the importance of caste. But for many leading personalities, caste was, and is, a real force in Indian life. As explained by experts in the field such as Dr Susan Bayly, caste is not the essence of Indian culture and civilization. It is rather a contingent and variable response to the enormous changes that occurred in the subcontinent's political landscape both before and after the colonial conquest. Definition of Caste : the concepts of Jāti and VarŠa: The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary defines Caste as "a Hindu hereditary class of socially equal persons, united in religion and usually following similar occupations, distinguished from other castes in the hierarchy by its relative degree of purity or pollution." The term Caste is commonly used to refer to two distinct concepts of corporate affiliation: the 'Jāti' (birth group) and the VarŠa (order, class or kind). The term Jāti is used for the units of thousands or sometimes millions of people with whom one may identify oneself for such purposes as marriage. There


AIMS
To review and reflect on the literature on recognition-primed decision (RPD) making and influences on emergency decisions with particular reference to an ophthalmic critical incident involving the sub-arachnoid spread of local anaesthesia following the peribulbar injection.

BACKGROUND
This paper critics the literature on recognition-primed decision making, with particular reference to emergency situations. It illustrates the findings by focussing on an ophthalmic critical incident.

DESIGN
Systematic literature review with critical incident reflection.

METHODS
Medline, CINAHL and PsychINFO databases were searched for papers on recognition-primed decision making (1996-2004) followed by the 'snowball method'. Studies were selected in accordance with preset criteria.

RESULTS
A total of 12 papers were included identifying the recognition-primed decision making as a good theoretical description of acute emergency decisions. In addition, cognitive resources, situational awareness, stress, team support and task complexity were identified as influences on the decision process.

CONCLUSIONS
Recognition-primed decision-making theory describes the decision processes of experts in time-bound emergency situations and is the foundation for a model of emergency decision making (Fig. 2).

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Decision theory and models, in this case related to emergency situations, inform practice and enhance clinical effectiveness. The critical incident described highlights the need for nurses to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of anaesthetic techniques as well as an ability to manage and resuscitate patients autonomously. In addition, it illustrates how the critical incidents should influence the audit cycle with improvements in patient safety.


The invention relates to an aggregate training unit of a movable practical training vehicle, comprising a van-type trailer pulled by an engine vehicle, a ceiling formed by horizontal expansion of a body plate articulated on both sides of a top plate of the trailer through cylinder driving, a platform formed by expansion of a movable bedplate which is articulated with both sides of a bottom plate of the trailer and shares the same length with the bottom plate and a vertical column which supports the liftable ceiling; a plurality of slide rails are transversely arranged on the platform in parallel; at least a teaching cabinet with a pulley at the lower end is arranged on the slide rails; the teaching cabinet can slide left and right on the side rails; a teaching platform is arranged in the middle in front of the platform; a hydraulic leg and a support column of the platform are arranged at the lower end of the platform; a blackboard is arranged on the vertical column at the front end, a motorized screen is arranged above the blackboard; a projector is arranged in the middle of the ceiling; a socket which is connected with an external power source is arranged in the teaching platform, which provides power for the teaching training platform; in the lateral surfaces of the teaching training cabinets, desks which can be manually laid down and expanded are arranged on the lateral surface facing the inside of the platform; on other three lateral surfaces of the teaching training cabinets, different teaching or practical training operation boards can be suspended according to the requirements.


The article considers the questions of organization of the system of higher professional education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Are considered ways and methods for improving the quality of higher education.


The preparation of several pyridylacrylonitriles (V), the hydrolysis to an acid (VII), and subsequent conversion to an ester (VIII) are described.


Through research of the status quo of the sports events industry in Henan province,this paper analyzes the main problems in the development of Henan sports events industry.Based on the analysis results this paper put out a number of developing countermeasures designed to provide theoretical reference for rapid development of sports events industry and even the sports industry in Henan province.


Background The purpose of this experimental study was to measure stresses both on the pterygoid plates and the skull base following two different pterygomaxillary approaches in Le Fort I osteotomy. Material and Methods The prepared skull models were randomly divided into 2 groups of 7. In the first group (A), the pterygomaxillary area was left intact. In the second group (B), pterygomaxillary separation was performed with a fine bur. The stresses were measured by using strain gauges. These strain gauges were attached to 6 different anatomical sites. The skull models were mounted on a servo-hydraulic testing unit. Each model was then subjected to a continuous linear tension until a plastic deformation was seen. Results The statistical analyses showed that there were no significant differences (p >.05) between the 2 groups regarding the strain values. Moreover, no statistical differences (p >.05) were found between the two groups in terms of maximum applied forces. Conclusions Considering the clinical conditions, the present study shows that when Le Fort I osteotomy performed without pterygomaxillary separation, there is no significant stress on the skull base during the downfracture. Moreover, it is considered that there is no need for an excessive force applied to perform downfracture in Le Fort osteotomies without pterygomaxillary separation. Key words:Le Fort I, osteotomy, strain, base of skull, pterygoid process.


The aim of this paper was to investigate fluid dynamic behavior characteristics, and effectively to design of air flow rate of the BAT/INV for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The BAT/INV for HEV installed in the luggage space of the vehicle and controlled by the battery monitoring system should operated in suitable thermal environmental conditions by means of air supply system. The analysis of the BAT/lNV cooling system has been peformed by applying the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, Fluent, to the solution of the 3-D turbulent flow fields. As a results, at design operating condition, air flow rate of the BAT/INV cooling system with the enhanced blower model increased by 30.8%, Q=162. 7 ㎥/h, comparison to it with the base blower model and the efficiency of the blower motor was predicted about 69.0%. In addition to, to minimize pressure loss of the system, the design of the air duct between the BAT/INV was improved.


Abstract. Drifting snow, or the wind-driven transport of snow particles originating from clouds and the surface below and above 2 m above ground and their concurrent sublimation, is a poorly documented process on the Antarctic ice sheet, which is inherently lacking in most climate models. Since drifting snow mostly results from erosion of surface particles, a comprehensive evaluation of this process in climate models requires a concurrent assessment of simulated drifting-snow transport and the surface mass balance (SMB). In this paper a new version of the drifting-snow scheme currently embedded in the regional climate model MAR (v3.11) is extensively described. Several important modifications relative to previous version have been implemented and include notably a parameterization for drifting-snow compaction of the uppermost snowpack layer, differentiated snow density at deposition between precipitation and drifting snow, and a rewrite of the threshold friction velocity above which snow erosion initiates. Model results at high resolution (10 km) over Adelie Land, East Antarctica, for the period 2004–2018 are presented and evaluated against available near-surface meteorological observations at half-hourly resolution and annual SMB estimates. The evaluation demonstrates that MAR resolves the local drifting-snow frequency and transport up to the scale of the drifting-snow event and captures the resulting observed climate and SMB variability, suggesting that this model version can be used for continent-wide applications.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the nitrogen removal in a wastewater stabilisation pond (WSP) system and to assess the relative contributions of ammonia volatilisation and nitrificationdenitrification to the overall N-removal. The water quality at the inlet and outlet of each treatment stage of the Meze-France WSP system was monitored fortnightly, from July 2003 to August 2004. The mean nitrogen removal was 65%. Nitrogen removal was higher in summer (89%) than in winter (38%). Maturation ponds provided the bulk of the nitrogen removal. The water quality was monitored from April 1st to July 13th 2005 at the inlet and outlet of the third 2 ha maturation pond. Volatilization has been assessed through literature data complemented by specific experiments. Ammonia volatilisation was low. Nitrification took place during warm periods. In June, oxidised nitrogen content reached 30 mg L-1, then decreased when denitrification occurred. Nitrification-denitrification seems to be the major pathway for nitrog...


The fundamental duty of powerful organisation of the distribution is the high level developing - founding on a good working systemmodell - of the direction subsystem. The best method for the laying the foundation of the storage systems was established by earlier researches is the system identification. The authors adapted and applied the identification techniques, for analysing internal and external processes of storage systems and for developing the proper control algorithm. The best results are described.


A continuous time common mode feedback technique for sub 1 V analogue circuits using the bulk PMOS dynamic threshold (BP-DTMOS) technique is presented. The proposed method is used in a 0.8 V folded cascode amplifier in 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The schematic and the post-layout simulation results show that this technique is effective in reducing common mode errors caused by process or environmental variations. It also improves the CMRR of the amplifier.


Previously reported measurements of rf magnetic field distributions in thermal induction plasmas by a water‐cooled coil probe have been extended to phase measurements through the use of a second identical probe placed at a fixed position near the plasma boundary. From measurements of the vector sum and/or difference in addition to the individual signals from both probes, data for the variation of the phase angle with radius were obtained. The reliability of the method was checked with an electrolyte of known conductivity. Tests conducted at 2.6 MHz in a 14‐cm‐wide argon‐plasma column at ambient pressure yielded a change in phase angle of 285 deg over the radius. The variations in phase and magnitude of the magnetic field were used to derive those of the induced electric field, the current density, the electrical conductivity, and the real part of the Poynting vector. From the latter a specific power input of about 1500 W/cm was obtained. A correlation of the conductivity data with temperatures derived fro...


The research aimed to design, develop and evaluate an innovative Web 2.0-based collaborative learning (CL) under the guidelines of design science research methodology (DSRM). The Islamic ethical system based on verses of the Quran and social constructivist theory as a knowledge base, supports the design process. This is in response to the lesser amount of focus on the practical research methods in Islamic education. The developed information technology artifact was used for two courses in IIUM. The findings of research show that the practical methodology of this study could provide opportunities for practice of Islam as a way of life or "Islamicisation". In addition, this study's ethical CL process in a social constructivist environment could promote critical thinking, use of knowledge and religious awareness of students that are the main goals of IIUM with Islamic education.


dition to her information about parrots and cognition, she had some personal comments to make. Alex, her African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), had been gravely ill with aspergillosis, so Dr Pepperberg had spent a great deal of time in veterinary hospitals, observing avian veterinarians at work. The point she made was that working with psittacine patients was a far cry from working with dogs and cats, hence these sentient beings needed to be handled quite differently. She felt that working with parrots was more similar to pediatric medicine than veterinary medicine. For instance, Dr Pepperberg said the following regarding the handling of Alex while he was hospitalized:


Abstract Water dispersible polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared from poly(hexamethylene carbonate) (PHC) diol, isophorone diisocyanates (IPDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) as latent anionic sites. After neutralization of the carboxyl group from the DMPA unit with triethylamine (TEA), the PU anionomers were dispersed by adding water, following by crosslinking using triethylenetetramine (TETA). The particle size of the dispersion decreased with the content of DMPA and increased with HDI in the HDI-IPDI system, and it exhibited a minimum when the number-average molecular weight (M n) of the prepolymer was 3000 and 4500, respectively. PUs with a higher content of hard segments from DMPA or TETA, or with a higher content of IPDI rather than HDI, had higher tensile moduli and storage moduli at room temperature. Ultimate tensile properties increased with an increase of the prepolymer molecular weight and the DMPA and HDI content.


The food contamination is a major problem for the consumer especially during the summer period in the hot countries. The bacterial interactions exploitation is a new strategy to fight against the se pathogenic microorganisms. The objectif of this study was to characterize Lactobacillus sp isolated from raw goat's milk which can produce an antimicrobial substance toward the growth of Staphylococcus aureus . The microbiological and biochemical methods were used to identify the isolates of lactic acid bacteria which have an antimicrobial activity. Nine isolates of lactic aci d bacteria were identified and belonging to Lactobacillus species. The dominant species are: Lb. rhamnosus , Lb. plantarum , Lb. casei , Lb. paracasei subsp . paracasei , Lb. acidophilus , Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis , Lb. fermentum , Lb. paraplantarum and Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei . The study of the interactions revealed the capacity of three strains Lb. plantarum ( 58), Lb. paracasei subsp . paracasei (55) and Lb. rhamnosus ( 68) which can inhibite Staphylococcus aureus. In mixed culture with Lb. plantarum the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.6 log cfu/ml after 12 h and no growth was observed after 72 h of incubation. The chemical characterization of inhibiting substance of Staphylococcus aureus revealed the protein nature.


The thesis introduced the chemical composition and function of cactus,focused on the application of cactus in the cosmetic industry.The effective of catus extract on whitening,anti-allergy,moisturizing and anti-oxidation were evaluated.On this basis,one skin care cream cosmetics contained cactus extract was developed and passed the relevant test.


As one of several common blurs, motion blur images are quite common in life. There are many ways to remove motion blur, but each has some problems, such as checkerboard artifacts, poor restoration of image texture details, and high algorithm costs. This paper proposes an improved blind motion deblurring method with Generative Adversarial Network, which achieved good results. The method in this paper uses a combination of up-sampling and convolution to replace the deconvolution of the traditional generative adversarial network model, effectively removing the common checkerboard artifacts in image processing, and the problems of poor texture detail restoration. The results show that the method in the article has achieved the expected purpose, it has achieved obvious deblurring effects from both objective and subjective evaluation indicators.


ADP-ribosyl cyclases are a family of multifunctional enzymes that appear to be expressed ubiquitously in eukaryotic systems (reviewed in refs. 1 and 2). These enzymes are known to metabolize NAD+ and produce at least three molecules that have been demonstrated to be involved in calcium signaling. These enzymes are named for their ability to convert NAD+ to cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a signaling molecule that has been shown to mobilize calcium from intracellular stores by means of a ryanodine receptor/calcium channeldependent system (reviewed in refs. 3 and 4). In addition to cADPR, ADP-ribosyl cyclases have been shown to produce ADP-ribose (ADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate (NAADP) (1, 2, 5). These molecules are also involved in regulating calcium signaling: ADPR has been shown to regulate plasma membrane LTRPC2 calcium channels in mammalian cells (6), and NAADP induces calcium mobilization from intracellular stores in several systems (7). In mammalian systems, the ectoenzymes CD38 and CD157 appear to be the major enzymes with ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity (2), although a non-CD38/CD157 ADP-ribosyl cyclase has been detected recently in brains from CD38 knockout mice (8). The work of Basile et al. (9) in a recent issue of PNAS demonstrates that, in addition to producing cADPR, ADPR, and NAADP, ADP-ribosyl cyclases can also generate three adenine dinucleotides (9). Interestingly, these adenine dinucleotides are shown to exist naturally and to have biological activity (9). These findings have several important implications, including expanding the signaling capabilities of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase …


In case of preparation of ITO thin film for using top electrode of Top-emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes(TOLEDs), the ITO thin film should be prepared at room temperature and low oxygen gas flow condition in order to reduced the damage of organic layer due to the bombardment of highly energetic particles such as negative oxygen ions which accrued from the plasma. In this study, the ITO thin film with high optical transmittance and low resistivity prepared as a function of oxygen gas (0 0.8 sccm) and Ar gas was fixed at 20 sccm by the Facing Targets Sputtering (FTS) method. The electrical and optical properties of ITO thin films were measured by Hall effect measurement, UV/VIS spectrometer, respectively In the results, we obtained the ITO thin film with lowest resistivity() at oxygen gas flow 0.2 sccm and optical transmittance over at oxygen gas flow over 0.2 sccm.