................................................................................................................................ 2 RESUMEN ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 4 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................. 8 2.1 Yeast strains and culture media .................................................................................... 8 2.2 Reagents ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Inhibition halos in absence and presence of Mel ........................................................ 8 2.4 Evaluation of yeast viability after H2O2 stress exposure ............................................ 9 2.5 Data analysis .................................................................................................................... 9 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSION ............................................................................................. 10 3.1 Inhibition halos on YNB-Glu 5% and YNB-Glu 3% ................................................... 10 3.2 Inhibition halos on YNB-Glu and YPD ........................................................................ 11 3.3 Inhibition halos on paper disc and holes .................................................................... 13 3.4 Evaluation of yeast viability after H2O2 stress exposure in broth medium ............ 16 3.5 Melatonin effect on oxidative stress ............................................................................ 17 4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................... 21 AKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. 22 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 23


Depression is a significant contributor to work related disability, morbidity and mortality. Further, depression is associated with significant economic burden and disturbance in all the domains of life. Due to COVID pandemic and associated losses, psychological morbidity especially depression has increased significantly. There is a disproportionate shortage of mental health professionals in our country. Hence, there is an unwarranted need to prevent as well as treat depression. In this context, the World Health Organization highlighted the role of nurses in mental health care through project ATLAS. Project ATLAS with the help of International Council of Nurses demonstrated that there is lack of proper training in mental health for nurses and recommended that training in mental health must be incorporated in nursing curriculum In this background, the present Workshop is planned to train Nursing officers at AIIMS Jodhpur, a tertiary care institute in north-western India for combating depression by providing the following modules for building up skills for the appropriate roles. Module 1: Screening for depression and history taking Module 2: Assessing suicidal risk and intervention Module 3: Treatment including Psychoeducation, Medication adherence, Behavioral activation, Modified Electroconvulsive therapy procedure


In solid_state hybrid electron_nuclear spin systems quantum entanglement plays vital role in allowing accessible transfer of information between subatomic particles, regardless of the host lattice coordination spatial geometry, revealing the powerful resource for nuclear quantum states engineering. Here we present study of 2 MeV superfocused channeled proton (SCP) beam induced polarization of atom_photon correlated states, established in isotopically purified silicon nanocrystal. Two level entangling interaction which couples an initial quantum state to two possible light_matter states via silicon nanocrystal interface is presented. The anisotropic hyperfine coupling is demonstrated by strong mixing of quantum states within the control mechanism of the coherent proton pulse sequence. Obtained results reveal the mutual predictable correlation of particles of energy_matter, by using the fully broadcastable and precise hybrid electron_nuclear spin qubit manipulations which can be exploited for the speed_superior communication channels keeping at the same time the maximum degree of data preservation.


A laminated polarization splitter (LPS) [1] is a building block for a number of ultrasmall fiber-integrated optical devices. Figure 1 schematically shows the structure and performance of an LPS, consisting of alternately laminated dielectric materials with a high refractive index and a low index. Thicknesses of two kinds of layers are the same, and the period is sufficiently small compared to the wavelength λ. The optical properties of an LPS are the same as those of uniaxial crystal because of form-birefringence and the principal axis of the multilayer structure is perpendicular to the layers [2]. The projected light beam splits into an ordinary wave E0 polarized in the y direction and an extraordinary wave Ee polarized in the x direction. This paper discusses the fabrication of high-performance, low-loss a-Si:H/SiC>2 LPS's for 1.55pm wavelength region.


In recent years,China's public departments have adopted performance appraisal to manage public servants, which have achieved some results.However,some problems have existed,which hinder the development of this way in human resource management.In this case,the article analyzes the problems in the performance appraisal of human resource in China's public departments at present,expounds and puts forward the ideas on its reform and the related countermeasures.


Purposefully introduced plants that have become weeds cost the United States millions of dollars annually by reducing yields of crops and livestock, clogging navigable and recreational waterways, reducing productivity and value of grazing lands, poisoning humans and livestock, and increasing weed control costs. Research is in progress to develop methods of intercepting foreign plants that might be toxic to livestock if introduced on western ranges and pastures. Methods of intercepting include identifying poisonous plants from seed inventories, chemical analysis, chemotaxonomic investigations of biochemical relationships between related taxa, and feeding suspected plants to laboratory and domestic animals.


A new model of counterion condensation (Intermediate Model, IMM) is proposed as a modification of our corrected previous model (CPM). The theoretical predictions of IMM and CPM for the degree of condensation, θ, and the counterion activity coefficient, γ, are compared with those of Manning and Iwasa et al. It is found that γ's in the absence of added salts estimated by IMM and CPM for infinitely long polyions are hardly dependent on the polymer concentration, Cp, while those for polyions with finite length increase with decreasing Cp. It is the latter that is experimentally observed. This fact indicates that polymer models, in which end effects are considered, should be employed to treat dependence of the condensation phenomena on the ionic strength.


Receiver bandwidth 40 c.p.s. Recorders Pen and ink type with mechanical drive, time constant, 30 sec, chart speed, 3 in. per hour Calibration A suitable signal generator to be provided; in addition provision for automatic periodic interruption of transmission should be made to permit observation of background noise level as a part of the calibration procedure. Time should be known at all times on the recordings to within 30 sec. Reliability Unattended operation for a period of one day should be standard; little loss in quality of observations should be tolerated, even in event of emergency unattended periods of as much as three days Power demands Transmitter, 1 kW. (including voltage regulator). Receiver, 500 W. (including voltage regulator) Space required One rack each for receiving and transmitting installations


Debates about the role of technology in sports officiating assume that technology would, ceteris paribus, improve accuracy over unassisted human officiating. While this is largely true, it also presents a false dilemma: that we can have accurately officiated sports or human officials, but not both. What this alleged dilemma ignores is that the criteria by which we measure accuracy are also up for revision. We could have sports that are so defined as to be easily (or at least more accurately) judged by human officials. A case from the recent history of science provides an instructive example. I argue that if we insist on human officials, we can still aim for maximal accuracy, though there will be tradeoffs. With compelling reasons to want accuracy in officiating, however, these tradeoffs effectively serve as a reductio against the use of human officials unaided by technology.


Clinopyroxene/melt pairs in strongly potassic silicate and carbonatite melts exhibit unusually high U/Th partitioning ratios of ˜ 3 and ˜ 2, respectively. These values are much higher than those found for aluminous clinopyroxenes in peridotite, and have the potential to cause significant (230Th)/(238U) isotope enrichment in volcanics. The potassic silicate (lamproite) and carbonatite melts correspond closely to the main agents of mantle metasomatism, indicating that clinopyroxene in metasomatized regions of the mantle may greatly affect U/Th disequilibria. Recycling of alkali pyroxenite veins in the oceanic lithosphere formed by solidification of melt in the extremities of the MORB melting region presents an alternative to eclogite recycling in MORB and OIB genesis.


The splitting ideology for the efficient solution of Euler equations in the integral form, which are approximated by finite volume method, is applied. This ideology was developed earlier for solving aerohydrodynamics problems. The constructed algorithms are economical and characterized by the minimum dissipation.


This paper starts from the main function of Battery Energy Storage Power Conversion System,generalizing two types of basic operation cells.The two types of PCS cells are compared through the analysis of their operation principle,on basis of that,schemes on connecting numbers of Cells into middle voltage power system to form a large scaled Battery Energy Storage System are studied and compared.Moreover,this paper particularly introduces one parallel PCS structure based on high frequency transformers and a common dc bus,which has great advantage over traditional PCS on operation characteristics,and is expected of widespread use in the future.


This work presents a computational modelling study of CaSiO3 glass, with the aims of examining the local atomic environment of Ca, the interpretation of the Ca-Ca distribution, and the influence of network topology. One model was constructed using the molecular dynamics method and has a broad Q(n) distribution, whereas another model was constructed using the reverse Monte Carlo method to control network topology and has a narrow Qn distribution. Both models have average Ca-O coordination with N = 6.3 and modal distance R = 2.40 angstrom, which are in fair agreement with previous experimental results. In both models the majority of bridging oxygens are also coordinated to Ca. Hence nonbridging oxygens by themselves are not sufficient to define the interface between network former and network modifier regions. Despite having different Q(n) distributions, both models have similar x-ray diffraction structure factor and Ca-Ca distribution, and these are in fair agreement with experimental results. Hence strong effects due to network topology are not exhibited. The Ca-Ca distribution is not similar to that in wollastonite and there is no evidence of layer like ordering of CaON polyhedra, in contradiction to a previous interpretation


The Australian university sector has grown rapidly over the past two decades but the acceleration in numbers of students has far exceeded that of staff. Moreover numbers of staff in administration and support roles have grown more sharply than those of teaching staff. The key reason for the disproportionate growth in administrators is the way in which federal governments of both persuasions have introduced polices that require more and detailed accountability from universities.


In the import-export trade practice teaching the theory and the practice come apart,should carry on the reform on the following several aspects: Carries on processing according to the practice demand to the teaching material;The curriculum project needs to pay attention to the engagement,simultaneously the theory class and the practice class unify;The teaching method wants many kinds of unions and the prominent case teaching;Inspects in the method to increase the practice teaching the evaluation.


We use a simple statistical model to investigate the effects of an applied magnetic field and of the dilution of site elements on the phase diagrams of biaxial nematic systems, with an emphasis on the stability of the Landau multicritical point. The statistical lattice model consists of intrinsically biaxial nematogenic units, which interact via a Maier–Saupe potential, and which are characterized by a discrete choice of orientations of the microscopic nematic directors. According to previous calculations at zero field and in the absence of dilution, we regain the well-known sequence of biaxial, uniaxial, and disordered structures as the temperature is increased, and locate the Landau point. We then focus on the topological changes induced in the phase diagram by the application of an external magnetic field, and show that the Landau point is destabilized by the presence of an applied field. On the other hand, in the absence of a field, we show that only a quite strong dilution of nematic sites is capable of destabilizing the Landau point.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of organizational climate on job satisfaction of the employees of the Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN) Panakkukang Makassar Branch. The number of respondents in this study were 40 employees using a simple linear regression analysis method and using primary data sources through interviews and questionnaires (Licker scale instruments). Based on the results of the study, it was found that organizational climate has a positive and significant influence on employee job satisfaction


iAbstract Background: Knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility is a suitable method in empirical use of antimicrobial agents. Objective: This study was designed to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections. Methods: This prospective study investigated the positive urine cultures of out-patients and inpatient of Avesina Teaching hospital in Qazvin during 3 months from July to September 2007. The antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Findings: Among 224 urine samples, E coli was the most common species (61.2%) followed by Pseudomonas (10.3%), Kelebsiella (8.9%), and coagulase negative staphylococci (6.3%). Nitrofurantoin (72.4%) and Amikacin (77%) were shown to be the most effective drugs on E coli species with Amikacin showing the highest efficacy on Pseudomonas species (50%). Conclusion: E coli was the most common pathogen with maximum susceptibility to Nitrofurantoin. Hence, the administration of this drug in treatment of indoor and uncomplicated forms of UTI is recommended. Intravenously, Amikacin was found to be the most effective agent for such clinical complications.


I t has been shown tha t the stem diameter in plants decreases proportionate ly w ith water stress. The objective of th is thesis is the development o f a method to continuously measure these changes under f ie ld conditions fo r extended periods o f time. The anatomy o f the stem, the physical mechanism o f gross water movement in the whole p lant and an analysis o f previous research are discussed. t The design o f an e lec tron ic measuring system is presented along w ith f ie ld resu lts . This measuring system was tested on cotton in 1979 and 1980 and yielded the changes in stem diameter before and a fte r ir r ig a t io n .


In this article, we provide a description of a unique model of teaching and learning, developed at an urban professional development school. We focus on an intensive collaboration between members of a high school mathematics department and one university faculty member, who collaborated to raise student test scores and build solidarity as a team. We describe the steady and committed manner in which all members worked to ensure improved student learning and create rich models for teaching, learning, and collaboration, identified as the heart of an effective professional development school. Using Supportive Team Building 57 Twelve percent of the teachers were provisionally certified. The university, located just a few miles away from the high school, had a strong commitment to the city and its schools. In 1999, the School of Education at the university expanded its master of arts in teaching (MAT) to include a program option designed to prepare teachers for urban schools. Candidates in the MAT were required to complete 39 credits and complete an internship (or studentteaching experience) in an urban school. Many of the MAT candidates completed their internships at the PDS described here. Two candidates became involved in the math collaboration. The History of the Math


From horrific accounts of men decapitated to "ordinary" accounts of stolen motorcycles, the routine beating and killing of alleged criminals by mobs (massa) has become common in Indonesia. This article examines the patterns of keroyokan—mobbing—from 1995 through 2004 in four provinces and highlights the temporal, spatial, and substantive variations of this phenomenon. Drawing from a database of provincial and local news clippings in Bali, Bengkulu, West Java, and South Kalimantan and in-depth case studies and interviews, this article shows that mobbing varies considerably. Its causes are national and local. The temporal data show that nationally the most important factor to influence levels of mobbing was the introduction of decentralization. The power vacuum that resulted from the policy decision to transfer authority from the center to localities increased local violence. Yet this macrolevel explanation is inadequate to show the spatial variation and different forms of mobbing violence. To understand the causes of these dimensions of variation, one has to move away from macronational approaches measuring violence and include a more microethnographic local approach. A richer understanding of mobbing must be locally rooted. This article uses three case studies to illustrate the centrality of local factors affecting this form of violence. The case studies suggest that mobbing is shaped by the acquiescence of actors in local communities and local learning. The article draws attention to the need to incorporate local data and methods into an analysis of violence in Indonesia and to appreciate varied daily rituals of violence as reservoirs of conflict.


To attain a very-low-delay speech coder at 16 kb/s while maintaining a quality acceptable for the public switched telephone network, low delay vector excitation coding (LD-VXC) is introduced. Backward adaptation is used to track the spectral characteristics of the signal without requiring any buffering of the input speech, thereby allowing a very low delay to be achieved in an analysis-by-synthesis structure. The algorithm differs markedly from conventional VXC or CELP (code-excited linear prediction) coders due to the use of backward adaptive linear prediction for modeling the time-varying short- and long-term correlation of speech. The LD-VXC coder provides very good speech quality at 16 kb/s, moderate complexity, a delay of under 2 ms, and a gentle degradation of quality with transmission errors. The algorithm was submitted to the CCITT as a candidate for a future 16-kb/s speech coding standard.<<ETX>>


This paper describes an investigation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the articular surfaces of blocks of cartilage collected, at low temperature, from the femoral condyles of beagle dogs. The technique of low temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has provided valuable new information about the surface structure of hydrated, non-fixed mammalian articular cartilage (Gardner, O'Connor & Oates, 1981). Useful data can be obtained with this technique up to instrument magnifications of x 10000 but, beyond this range, images are less rewarding. A further method has therefore been devised which offers the possibility of studying very small areas of articular surfaces at higher magnifications and in greater detail. With this method, small cartilage blocks can be very rapidly frozen and the articular surfaces replicated at low temperature. There are difficulties in the freeze replication of such natural biological surfaces, and masking of surface detail by water condensate is a particular problem. This has been overcome, in the present experiments, by maintaining the frozen specimens under high vacuum, fully enclosed until the moment of shadowing and replication. This difficulty does not arise during the complementary technique of freeze fracture replication in which new, previously unexposed surfaces are created either under liquid nitrogen (Bullivant & Ames, 1966) or under vacuum (Stolinski & Breathnach, 1975), avoiding the condensation of adventitious water vapour. We report the application of low temperature replication to the natural surfaces of dog hyaline articular cartilage and demonstrate that the replicas obtained in this way can be surveyed in considerable detail by conventional TEM, providing new data on surface fine structure.


The TAKEOVER TRIO is a business game about a takeover. Three stakeholders (mother company, ailing daughter company, and potential buying company) must agree on a plan to prevent compulsory liquidation of the daughter. The primary learning objective is to make participantsaware of the effect of negotiation process parameters on its outcome. Depending on the facilitator's aims, he or she could highlight either or all of the following process parameters: logical thinking, creativity, dominance, or process management. The game scenario is not based on a real-life case (all data are fictional) but has been devised to balance three stakeholders to prevent an obvious outcome. It takes at least 12 people to play and 3 hours, plus about an hour of preparations for each participant.


Recent advances in nanowire research emphasize on its promising applications in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, nanomedicine, and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Even with many advances, the joining of nanowires has become a critical issue for future device miniaturization and integration. With the help of in situ manipulation, directed assembly and self-assembly, much progress has been made towards joining of nanowires such as welding, soldering, fastener materials, and controlled localized deposition. These methods provide multiple choices for joining nanowires of various materials, at the mean time good electrical conductivity and mechanical strength can be achieved. This paper reviewed the state-of-the-art techniques for joining nanowires, and discussed the advantages and limitations of each method. The process and mechanism of these techniques are described in three categories: nanowire- nanowire joining, nanowire network joining, and nanowire-contact pad/electrode joining.


The Time-Sync Comment (TSC) is a novel comment used by online video websites and has been gradually recognized by Internet users. Attracted by the active viewer-creator interaction, numerous content creators upload their videos to online TSC video websites. Facing the increasing number of videos, it is difficult to efficiently classify video in traditional manual review methods. Given the close comment-video correlation, achievements of natural language processing can be applied to the TSC video classification task, processing texts instead of images. In this paper, a new method of video classification based on TSCs and titles is proposed. It combines the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers) model with the machine learning classifier, and obtains classification results via analyzing TSCs and titles. In particular, this method can work with few TSCs and bypass the limit of the BERT for the input sequence length. The experimental results on the real-world dataset show that BERT-SVM can achieve a better performance than the baseline methods, and the maximum accuracy is up to 0.9396. This research can help online video websites to manage TSC videos more efficiently and intelligently, and provide novel ideas for researchers to study classical tasks.


A semiconductor memory device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to reduce the size of the semiconductor memory device and to improve the integration degree thereof by decreasing a region for a fuse. Interlayer dielectrics(310,410) are formed on a semiconductor substrate(100). An opening unit(320) is formed on the interlayer dielectrics. A vertical-type fuse(330) is conformally formed on the opening unit. A fuse dielectric(340) is formed on the vertical type fuse to gap-fill the opening unit. A metal line(430) is electrically connected to the vertical-type fuse to apply a voltage to the vertical-type fuse. The vertical-fuse is made of a metal. CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing) selectivity of the fuse dielectric is greater than that of the interlayer dielectrics.


Dimethylamino functionality has significant importance in industrially relevant molecules and methodologies to install these efficiently are highly desirable. We report herein, a highly efficient, room temperature dimethylamination of chloroheteroarenes performed via the in-situ activation of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). With a large substrate scope that includes, various heteroarenes, purines as well as commercially relevant drugs such as altretamine, ampyzine and puromycin precursor.


It has been suggested that the development of contrastive vowel nasality in VN sequences may depend partly on the nature of the following consonant. In particular, there may be a preference for
VN sequences preceding voiceless oral consonants
to be phonologized due to aerodynamic constraints
on velum height, resulting in temporal overlap of
the vowel with a durationally constant velum gesture. We investigate the phonetic basis of this claim
via direct imaging of velum kinematics in real-time
MRI videos (50 fps) from 35 German speakers. The
results show that, while the velum gesture does indeed begin and end earlier in /Vnt/ than in /Vnd/
sequences, the duration of the gesture itself is also
shorter in this context. This suggests that increased
temporal co-articulation in /Vnt/ sequences is not
necessarily due to durational maintenance of the
velum gesture, but to a temporally truncated velum
gesture that is shifted in time.


It is very difficult to measure drop liquid, so that a simple new method to measure drop liquid is presented in this paper. The method adopts pressure sensor to measure pressure of liquid, and then processes the pressure data to calculate the flowing rate of drop liquid. The experimental result shows that the method is not only satisfied with normal precise but also is constructed in low price. The method measuring drop liquid can be used in low flowing speed and thin diameter tubes and its precision is satisfied.


The article is to expound in particular relationship of constitution and relevant disciplinary and that of measurement and evaluation. Especially compared to its development types, and expand new system model of constitution measuring.


To conincide with the HM book series publication of books by Andrew Hemingway and Luiz Renato Martins, this panel will consider the condition of historical work on art today. It will complement the panels on Marx's Capital and Contemporary Art. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s Marxist art historians held out against the anti-Marxist consesnus, now work is almost exclusively focused on the present. Eminent art historians will discuss art and history. Speakers Andrew Hemingway (New York) Emeritus Prof UCL Luiz Martins, University of Sao Paolo Respondents: Alex Potts, Max Lhoer Distinguished Prof of Art History, Ann Arbor Gail Day, Leeds


The design of power-aware lifetime maximization algorithms for sensor networks is an active area of research. However, the standard assumption is that the performance of the sensors remains the same throughout the network's lifetime, which is not always true. In this paper, we study the effects of power decay on the performance of individual sensors as well as of the entire network. In particular, we examine networks with decaying footprints, akin to those of RF or radar-based sensors and relate the performance of a sensor to its available power. Moreover, we propose probabilistic scheduling controllers that compensate for the effects of the decrease in power while maintaining an adequate probability of event detection under two sensing models; Boolean and non-Boolean. We simulate the performance of the proposed controllers to establish that the desired performance levels are indeed maintained throughout the lifetime of the network.


Griseofulvin had no effect on the respiration of Botrytis cinerea but, nevertheless, inhibited growth and caused abnormal hyphal formations, including stunting, spiraling, thickening of the cell wall, and disorientation of growth. Treated cells had an increase in total deoxyribonucleic acid and phosphorus but not in protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and ribonucleic acid. Griseofulvin-treated cells synthesized DNA from labelled glucose and glycine continuously and for much longer periods than control cells so that their total DNA content was greater than that in untreated cells. However, the antibiotic allowed slightly less incorporation with aspartic acid -U-14C as the precursor than the controls. Griseofulvin caused 25 to 50% increased incorporation of carbon into RNA from glucose and glycine but the increases were not due to a prolongation of the synthetic period, and again aspartic acid incorporation was slightly decreased. Griseofulvin was bound to the particulate parts of the cell and was especially high...


Chronic stable angina pectoris is the disease with no change of extent,frequency,character,mitigation and occasion for weeks to months when chest pain break out.The objective of treatment is to prevent the occurrence of seriously coronary events to prolong life and mitigate the symptoms of angina so as to improve the quality of life.Nowadays,the medical history of stable angina is not only influenced by anti-ischemia,anti-thrombus,anti-hypertension and cholesterol lowering treatments,but also influenced by revascularizing treatments.So proper treatments can minimize the extent of angina,and improve the prognosis of patients at the same time.And then the treatments can prevent the occurrence of seriously coronary events and prolong life.On the basis of literature review,this article discussed the optimized medicine treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris.


The analysis of the changes in the crude steel production volumes implies gradual increase of production since the mid 20 th century. This tendency has been slightly hampered by the economic depression. At the same time, the market requirements enforce improvement of the quality of the products manufactured on simultaneous minimisation of the production costs. One of the tools applied to solve these problems is mathematical optimisation. The author of this paper has presented an example of application of the multi-criteria optimisation method to improvement of efficiency of steel smelting in an electric arc furnace (EAF) through appropriate choice of the charge scrap. A measurable effect of applying such a methodology of choosing the metal charge is the ability to reduce the unit cost of steel smelting. Optimizacija metalnog ulo{ka elektrolu~ne pe}i. Analiza promjena proizvodne mase sirovog ~elika ukazuje na zna~ajno pove}anje proizvodnje od sredine 20. stolje}a. Ta tendencija neznatno je usporena uslijed ekon


Present work provides a discussion for synthesizing PID from IMC controller for first order delay unstable process. Recently, Lee, et al. [1] has shown the effectiveness of using MacLaurin series for synthesizing PID controller tuning relation from IMC framework. In this paper, the desired closed loop response based on optimal performance for unit set point input and input disturbance are provided. We also develop the IMC-set point weighting tuning formulation.


A mass-balanced trophic model was developed for the coral reef lagoon of Uvea atoll (New Caledonia) using the Ecopath software. The model accounts for both pelagic and soft-bottom communities to describe the whole trophic structure and biomass flows in the shallowest part of the atoll lagoon. Phytoplankton production approximately equals the benthic primary production. Benthic biomass accounts for more than 80% of the total living biomass in the shallow lagoon. The benthic domain requires input of food from the pelagic system (mainly zooplankton) and from adjacent areas to sustain the biomass of predatory fishes. Predation pressure was found to be a major force structuring the food web, but it is also suggested that water circulation within the lagoon influences the amount of primary resources, such as plankton, benthic microphytes and detritus.


Unsupported PtRu alloy powders of a wide range of compositions were prepared at low temperatures by carefully adjusting the preparation procedure. PtRu alloys of essentially the same surface, nominal and bulk composition, were formed up to ca. 46 atom % Ru content. Adsorbed CO stripping voltammetry and CH 3 OH oxidation characteristics, namely, i-V curves and pseudo-steady-state current density values recorded at constant potentials, were the same as reported for corresponding bulk alloys, suggesting that the electrocatalytic activities of the powders can be compared to bulk alloys. CH 3 OH oxidation activities obtained for PtRu alloy, Pt, and Ru powders showed the PtRu alloy of 70:30 atom % Pt:Ru composition to exhibit the highest activity independent of the temperature and potential tested (0.3 and 0.4 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode). The experimental pseudo-steady-state current density values for the CH 3 OH oxidation reaction were found to show the same dependence on Ru content as theoretical values calculated assuming that an assembly of three neighboring Pt and one Ru site are involved in the oxidation of a CH 3 OH molecule.


Old, outdated buildings with inefficient electrical and mechanical systems pose a problem for owners because of the expense of turning them into energy conserving, healthy, and regulation compliant facilities. The technology is available to make the needed improvements, but financing is usually a problem. The answer to those facing the expense of making improvements that can slow the rapid demise of our natural resources and reduce energy usage is Energy Savings Performance Contracting (ESPC). ESPC is an option for funding infrastructure improvement projects to improve building performance and maintenance rather than wasting dollars on cosmetic changes or improvements that do not solve energy problems. Without taking steps to cut energy usage or to update inefficient existing systems, our adverse effect on the environment will continue. Approaching energy management on a commercial level can effect energy savings, economic savings, pollution reduction, and conservation in the form of upgrading, updating, and upscaling existing facilities.


Natural convection flow from an isothermal vertical plate with uniform heat source embedded in a stratified medium has been discussed in this paper. The resulting momentum and energy equations of boundary layer approximation are made non-similar by introducing the usual non-similarity transformations. Numerical solutions of these equations are obtained by an implicit finite difference method for a wide range of the stratification parameter, X. The solutions are also obtained for different values of pertinent parameters, namely, the Prandtl number, Pr and the heat generation or absorption parameter, λ and are expressed in terms of the local skin-friction and local heat transfer, which are shown in the graphical form. Effect of heat generation or absorption on the streamlines and isotherms are also shown graphically for different values of λ.


In this speech, the future of government involvement in energy research is outlined. The recent period of slow growth rate in manufacturing production was also a period of regulatory growth. By rescinding unnecessary regulations, suspending others pending review, and screening all programs, the Reagan administration has saved business two billion dollars. The government will reorganize its research and development aid under the new Research and Technology Administration. This administration will support long term, high risk, high payoff research initiatives--such as nuclear fission--that the private sector could not be expected to risk. Yet the government will not get involved for the purpose of accelerating new technologies into the marketplace. Such involvement distorts the free market. An example of such distortion is given in the case of the Getty Synthetic Fuels program.


Three extended families live around a lake. One family are rice farmers, the second family are vegetable farmers, and the third are a family of livestock herders. All of them depend on the use of lake water for their production, and all of them need large quantities of water. All are dependent on the use of the lake water to secure their livelihood. In the game, the families are represented by their councils of elders. Each of the councils has to find means and ways to increase production in order to keep up with the growth of its family and their demands. This puts more and more pressure on the water resources, increasing the risk of overuse. Conflicts over water are about to emerge between the families. Each council of elders must try to pursue its families interests, while at the same time preventing excessive pressure on the water resources. Once a council of elders is no longer able to meet the needs of its family, it is excluded from the game. Will the parties cooperate or compete? To face the challenge of balancing economic well-being, sustainable resource management, and individual and collective interests, the three parties have a set of options for action at hand. These include power play to safeguard their own interests, communication and cooperation to negotiate with neighbours, and searching for alternatives to reduce pressure on existing water resources. During the game the players can experience how tensions may arise, increase and finally escalate. They realise what impact power play has and how alliances form, and the importance of trust-building measures, consensus and cooperation. From the insights gained, important conflict prevention and mitigation measures are derived in a debriefing session. The game is facilitated by a moderator, and lasts for 3-4 hours. Aim of the game: Each family pursues the objective of serving its own interests and securing its position through appropriate strategies and skilful negotiation, while at the same time optimising use of the water resources in a way that prevents their degradation. The end of the game is open. While the game may end by one or two families dropping out because they can no longer secure their subsistence, it is also possible that the three families succeed in creating a situation that allows them to meet their own needs as well as the requirements for sustainable water use in the long term. Learning objectives The game demonstrates how tension builds up, increases, and finally escalates; it shows how power positions work and alliances are formed; and it enables the players to experience the great significance of mutual agreement and cooperation. During the game and particularly during the debriefing and evaluation session it is important to link experiences made during the game to the players' real-life experiences, and to discuss these links in the group. The resulting insights will provide a basis for deducing important conflict prevention and transformation measures.


Phytochemical analysis refers to the extraction, screening and identification of medicinally active substances found in plants. The term phytochemical has generally been used to describe plant compounds that are under r search with unestablished effects on health. Some flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids, tannins and antioxidants. The aim of this research study was to evaluate the screening of phytogenic chemical compounds and to assess the alkaloids present purpose of study, the extracted fraction of plant root was undertaken by using various solvents of increasing p larity and the extracts thus obtained were subjected for phytochemical analysis. Various pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters such as microscopy, physicochemical and behavior of powder drug on treatment with different chemical reagents were studied. The result confirmed the presence of physical constants while the pr liminary phytochemical analysis establi saponins, steroids etc.


The free falling motion of round thin disks in quiescent water was investigated experimentally. The mean density of the disks were about 1.05 g/cm3, slightly larger than water, and thickness to diameter ratio is 0.1. In this letter, We reported two cases with different mass distributions, in one case the disk's center of mass coincided with the geometry center and in another case it was deviated. Two CCD cameras were used to photograph the falling disk simultaneously, the disk's six degrees of freedom were obtained via a stereoscopic vision method. In the first case fluttering motion was observed, the disk's oscillatory motion confined in a vertical plane, and the pitching motion occurred about an axis normal to the plane. In the second case, steady helical falling was observed, the disk moved in a helical path at constant speed, the attacking angle is constant.


To analyze large-scale public buildings' energy-saving potential is one of the methods to realize scientific energy control management and service. This method aims at a typical public building's power- consumed system. Through analyzing and comparing the consumption data, it succeeds in analyzing the use efficiency of building power, consumption level and economic effects of the energy utilization. More over, this method has a quantity analysis on the power-consumed unit's building usage, so that it is able to find the unit's energy-saving potential. Its bases of all analyses are building energy balance and analyzing theory of energy cost, analyzing theory of engineering economy and environment and rational distribution theory of energy utilization system.


The biij will shortly be completing its first year of publication. This calls for a celebration for very many reasons. There have been mistakes made, lessons learned, triumphs and achievements…all in these 12 months. With this issue, we decided it was time to pause a little and take stock of our progress during the past year. We firmly believe that knowledge should not be the monopoly of a few select individuals especially when it has the potential to enhance the quality of life for mankind. We also believe that this can be achieved through participation in the open access initiative [1-3]. One of the founding principles of the biij is to ensure that biij offers easy access to research for academics, scientists and anybody else who seek it [1]. We are fully committed to the open access model of scholarly communication, which brings benefits to authors, readers, teachers, scholars, and researchers alike. It serves as a catalyst to the research world by ensuring that new developments and discoveries reach the farthest shores. To achieve this we have to acknowledge the support from researchers, reviewers, authors and readers who believed in our vision for the journal and helped realise it through their regular, invaluable contributions. We also acknowledge our sponsors who have been generous and enormously supportive. It takes a huge load off our shoulders when we know that each issue of the biij will see light of day thanks to their commitment. They say, the first year is always the most difficult to get through. The journal has been able to efficiently maintain the entire editorial lifecycle within a reasonable timeframe (data as of 29 June 2006): average time from submission to first review was 20.7 days, time lag between submission and acceptance (turn around time) was 109.9 days and a manuscript was published within a mean period of 35.2 days following acceptance. Each manuscript is processed for dual formats: a multimedia enabled, display independent web format, and a more traditional typeset PDF format. Abstracts are extracted and automatically indexed in supported bibliographic indexing engines. The number of submissions has reached 82 and our acceptance rate is currently 80.8%. The readership of biij comes from more than 60 countries, from Canada to Cyprus, from Singapore to Slovenia, and from United States to Uruguay; making it a truly international journal. Another achievement is that we have been indexed by the following …


VARIETIES OF WRY-NECK. There are two chief varieties: (1) The true; (2) the false. The true form is of two types-the fixed, the wrynleck of cllildhood, or the congenital form; then there are the reflex, the spasmodic, and the acute forms. By taking the last first we may dispose of it at once. It is nothing but an ordinary stiff neck, which comes on, for instance, after exposure to a draught or cold, and the patient complains of pain in the neck, either very shortly after the exposure or the next morning. Acute wry-neck is an acute rheumatism of the neck, which sets -up, possibly, a certain amount of temporary myositis, and is amenable in most cases to medicinal treatment, such as the internal administration of salicylate of soda and the local application of heat, and afterwards of linimentum belladonnae. In the majority of cases no ill result follows. But in the minority acute stiff neck of this kind is the beginning of that extremely troublesome form, the spasmodic wrynleck. Other varieties of true torticollis are the reflex, the fixed, and the spasmodic forms. As to the reflex form, it is undoubtedly due to irritation, which proclaims its effect through the spinal accessory nerve. The usual causes


The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has issued a scientific and engineering integrity policy, becoming the latest federal agency to follow a March 2009 White House directive. The document, labeled as "DoD Instruction 3200.20," was issued on 26 July.


One pair of isomers, centrosymmetric anti-Py-1 and axisymmetric syn-Py-2, was designed and synthesized with an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) structure by choosing dithienocyclopentapyrene with four 4-hexylphenyl side chains as the D unit, and 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene) malononitrile as the A unit. In-depth structure-property relationship studies revealed that the isomers have similar UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, and energy levels but significant differences in molecular shape, polarity, and charge mobility. Solution-processed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) small-molecule organic solar cells with Py-1 as the electron-acceptor material and PTB7-Th as the electron-donor material exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.07 %, or 60 % higher than that of Py-2 (3.7 %), which could be mainly attributed to the higher and more balanced hole/electron mobilities and better phase separation of the Py-1-based active layer.


Abstract In a previously published paper, Jang and Kwon (Ocean Engineering, 1995, 32:1862–1872) proposed a new iterative method to estimate nonlinear wave profiles and demonstrated its solution procedure. The solution was based on the Banach contraction mapping theorem, and the nonlinear operator was constructed from the Bernoulli equation. This paper is a sequel to that paper and seeks to establish the existence and uniqueness of the proposed method. Furthermore, frequency content of the profiles of the generated waves by the proposed scheme was analyzed by the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The obtained waves contained high-order nonlinear Fourier components of a Stokes' wave.


In this study, a thermal elastic–plastic stress analysis is carried out in steel fiber-reinforced symmetric thermoplastic laminated plates. The material is assumed to be strain-hardening. The orientation angles are chosen as, (0°/90°)s, (30°/30°)s, (45°/45°)s, (60°/60°)s, (15°/0°)s, (30°/0°)s, (45°/0°)s, (60°/0°)s, (75°/0°)s. The Tsai–Hill theory is used as a yield criterion in the solution. Temperature distribution is chosen as þT0 and T0 at the upper and lower surfaces, respectively. It is found that plastic yielding occurs at the same temperature; all the orientation angles and the plastic region expands the same at the same temperature.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intraarticular local anaesthesia on postoperative pain and patients satisfaction in arthroscopic knee surgery. Methods: A total of 64 patients (18–45 years) who underwent arthroscopic knee surgery were included in this study. At the end of surgery %0.5 bupivacaine (20 ml, 100 mg) in group B and saline solution (20 ml) in group K were admitted to the knee joint. Ten minutes after application, knee joint was washed with saline solution in both groups. Postoperative visual analog scores (VAS) values of patients and additional analgesic requirements were recorded. Results: Postoperative VAS values of groups were compared, on the first 8 hours there was a significant differ ence but on the 12 th and 24 th th hours significant differ ence was not found. Conclusions: Intraarticular bupivacaine administiration was found as a reliable and effective method for pain control in arthroscopic knee surgery and can ameliorate patient satisfaction. J Clin Exp Invest 2010; 1(2): 86-90


This chapter examines some of the processes that take place in attempting to probe memory for a needed piece of information. In presentday conceptualization memory processes are divided into three phases: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Strangely enough, the distinction between storage and retrieval, so basic in current memory theorizing, is relatively new (see Baddeley, 1997; Roediger & Guynn, 1996). In classical, S-R learning theory, based primarily on animal research, storage, and retrieval were lumped together, and even the distinction between encoding and storage was not explicitly made. It was the extension of S-R principles to human verbal behavior that has brought to the fore the importance of distinguishing among encoding, storage, and retrieval.


The ever-increasing number of WSN deployments based on a large number of battery-powered, low-cost sensor nodes, which are limited in their computing and power resources, puts the focus of WSN time synchronization research on three major aspects of accuracy, energy consumption, and computational complexity. In the literature, the latter two aspects haven't received much attention compared to the accuracy of WSN time synchronization. Especially in multi-hop WSNs, intermediate gateway nodes are overloaded with tasks for not only relaying messages but also a variety of computations for their offspring nodes as well as themselves. Therefore, not only minimizing the energy consumption but also lowering the computational complexity while maintaining the synchronization accuracy is crucial to the design of time synchronization schemes for resource-constrained sensor nodes. In this paper, focusing on the three aspects of WSN time synchronization, we introduce a framework of reverse asymmetric time synchronization for resource-constrained multi-hop WSNs and propose a beaconless energy-efficient time synchronization scheme based on reverse one-way message dissemination. Experimental results with a WSN testbed based on TelosB motes running TinyOS demonstrate that the proposed scheme conserves up to 95% energy consumption compared to the flooding time synchronization protocol while achieving microsecond-level synchronization accuracy.


Financial incentives are important for the adoption of energy efficient technologies and overcoming certain market barriers to improved energy efficiency. Such incentives are broadly used in various environmental and energy fields and are usually associated with specific technology support, rather than a general sustainable behavioural change. While the declared goal of financial support schemes is to save energy or reduce harmful emissions rather than to foster new technologies per se, it is very often encountered that such financial support for energy efficient technologies does not ensure real energy savings due to the rebound effect and remaining barriers. It is common for financial support to be given to power producers for the verified production of renewable electricity, in the form of a guaranteed financial incentive (feed-in tariff). In the energy efficiency policy research little attention has been paid to the possible use of a feed-in tariff, in the form of a fixed financial incentive based on the kWh saved by the end-user. This paper discusses the possible setup of a feed-in tariff for energy savings. The paper first explores the rationale behind and the possible functionality of a feed-in for energy savings, giving examples of similar policy tools implemented or planned. The paper looks into additionality and persistency of energy savings and explores core interactions between the feed-in and existing tools for energy efficiency. Finally, key advantages and complexities related to a feed-in tariff scheme for energy savings are discussed, intending to open a discussion and foster further research on the topic.


The relationship between the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) and attenuation-to-absorption coefficients ratio (c/a) of the water from which the scattering coefficient is readily computed (b = c-a) for two main types of oceanic waters (Case I and II) was investigated using the vector radiative transfer simulation. It is found the for Case I waters that only the green channels of the spectrum can be used to retrieve the scattering coefficient of the water whereas blue and red channels are dominated by the pure water effects of either Rayleigh scattering or high water absorption showing no variability between DoLP and c/a. On the other hand, Case II waters showed a strong relationship between DoLP and c/a for all wavelength of light under study (440, 550, 665 nm). Those relationships have been parameterized for all possible viewing geometries (sensor zenith and azimuth relative to the Sun's principle plane) and for varying Sun zenith angles. That relationship has been tested and validated against a dataset of in-situ measurements using a custom developed underwater polarimeter that measures the DoLP and an in-water package of instruments (WetLabs ac-s) that measure the absorption and the attenuation coefficients. Another polarimeter fixed on a platform in Long Island Sound at the LISCO station measures the DoLP of the light above water while a moored instrument package (WQM and C-star) that measures in-water optical properties have been used for a time serious validation.


Ground moving target is the main concern for ground surveillance radar. To protect the manoeuvring target from being detected by radar, some jamming technologies are utilised. In this study, a novel method of deception jamming for vehicle target against continuous wave ground surveillance radar is proposed. Traditional jamming method only considers the translation information. However, for vehicle target, micro-motion is obvious in some looking-angle and serves as an important property for target identification. Therefore, in this study, besides of the translational motion, the micro-Doppler (m-D) effect is also considered in the jamming modulation. The inclusion of the m-D signature improves the fidelity and effectiveness of the jamming result. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


With the rapid development of the Internet in our country,more and more people have realized that it is changing people's way of life,study,and work.More and more people have become Internet users.Taking into consideration the prospect of the development and application of the Internet, we find it highly significant to set up a business Web for our college.Then we can publicize our college through library on the Internet so that more people will know it.


AIM. To review systematically the published literature addressing whether continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) provides any quality of life benefits to people with type 1 diabetes. METHODS. Electronic databases and published references were searched and a consultation with two professional groups was undertaken to identify reDiabetologia Praktyczna 2007, tom 8, nr 8–9 302 www.dp.viamedica.pl levant studies published up to July 2005. A multistep selection process was then undertaken to identify those articles which met the specific selection criteria, which were then critically reviewed. RESULTS. Eighty-four potential relevant articles were identified from examination of titles and abstracts published during the specified time frame. Of these, 28 articles were retrieved in full text, of which 17 fulfilled the specific criteria for inclusion. Mixed results emerged from existing literature. Of the five randomized controlled trials, three reported mixed results, with one study reporting quality of life benefits and one reporting no evidence of quality of


This dissertation offers an understanding of how the emotional labor of caring by female nurses is manifested, and whether this has changed from what has previously been described in the literature. A hybrid of Hochschild's (1983) theory of emotional labor is used with concepts from symbolic interactionist and critical theory to guide this inquiry. From this lens, relevant concepts affecting emotional labor are considered in order to examine how the organization of work roles for nurses enable or constrain their ability to manifest a caring presence. As the healthcare delivery system and nurses' roles have changed dramatically over the past century, looking at how nurses' caring is configured into their work identity is useful for tracking changes in identity and career expectations. This work is important because there is some indication that market driven approaches focusing more on manipulating the perception of caring and quality care, are displacing the opportunities for caring by nurses. First, I review key terms essential to the study, particularly caring and emotional labor and then use theory and a review of literature on emotional labor through the lens of caring and gender. The specific research questions addressed in this research, from the qualitative data of female registered nurses (RN) are: ̳what is caring, how is it learned, what gets in the way of it and what facilities it?' Finally iv a thematic analysis of interview data is interpreted from a critical theory, symbolic interactionist and late capitalism perspective, with regard to the discourse of caring by nurses.


In order to meet the requirements of simulating the gas inletting situation in the different dimates of different areas in the dynamic mechanical performance adjustement and test, a controllable all-weather gas inletting device is developed. The performance indexes and theory basis of the controlling device are analysed. The choosing of the function plans and the total procedure design are introduced. The maximum procedure of lowering the temperature and dehumidification, and the maximum procedure of warming and humidifing are tested. The test results show that this device can meet the work requirements and has been opplied.


Allograft‐specific T‐cell activation requires two signals, 'signal one' via the T‐cell receptor and 'signal two' via costimulatory pathways. Animal models provide promising data that blockade of costimulatory signals can lead to T‐cell anergy and tolerance. We analyzed 72 formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded sequential heart allograft biopsies from 22 patients by quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction for the mRNA expression of the costimulatory molecules CD28, CD80, CD86, CD40, and CD154. mRNA expression levels were correlated to histological grade and time‐point of rejection. mRNA expression of costimulatory molecules predominantly expressed by antigen‐presenting cells (CD80, CD86, CD40), correlated with histological grade of cell‐mediated acute rejection. Costimulatory molecules were up‐regulated not only during rejection episodes early after transplantation, but also at late occurring rejection. The present results suggest a simultaneous and long‐term therapeutical blockade of more than one costimulatory pathway for the prevention of repetitive T‐cell mediated acute rejection episodes after heart transplantation.


Introduction: Biceps brachii muscle is the double headed flexor muscle of anterior compartment of arm, showing most common anatomical variation. Objective: To study the morphological variation of biceps brachii muscle along with its innervations. Method: 42 upper extremities of 21 formalin fixed cadavers used during routine dissection in anatomy department of LMC were studied. Biceps brachii muscles were examined for their attachments, number of heads of origin, level of fusion of muscle bellies and innervations. Appropriate photographs were taken. Result: Out of 42 upper extremities of 21 cadavers third head of biceps brachii muscle was found in two right upper extremities (9.52%). One of the specimens had dual nerve supply from musculocutaneous and median nerve where as in another specimen third head was innervated only by musculocutaneous nerve. Conclusion: Knowledge of additional head of biceps brachii is important for surgery of the fracture of shaft of humerus.


In this study, reaction model and reactions rate accelerated by o-iodosobenzoate ion(IB ⊖ ) on hydrolysis reaction of p-nitrophenyl valate(NPV) using ethyl tri-octyl ammonium mesylate(ETAMs) for quaternary ammonium salts, the phase transfer catalysis(PTC) reagent, were investigated. The effect of IB ⊖ on hydrolysis reaction rate constant of NPV was weak without ETAMs solutions. Otherwise, in ETAMs solutions, the hydrolysis reactions exhibit higher first order kinetics with respect to the nucleophile, IB ⊖ , and ETAMs, suggesting that reactions are occurring in small aggregates of the three species including the substrate(NPV), whereas the reaction of NPV with OH ⊖ is not catalyzed by ETAMs. Different concentrations of NPV were tested to measure the change of rate constants to investigate the effect of NPV as substrate and the results showed that the effect was weak. This means the reaction would be the first order kinetics with respect to the nucleophile. This behavior for the drastic rate-enhancement of the hydrolysis is referred as 'Aggregation complex model' for reaction of hydrophobic organic ester with o-iodosobenzoate ion(IB ⊖ ) in hydrophobic quarternary ammonium salt(ETAMs) solutions.


The sound field in a vault with two open ends is studied in this paper and its sound pressure distribution is compared with that in an enclosure and a long space. The accuracy of estimation on this kind of space by classic Sabine Formula, modified Sabine Formula and ray tracing method are compared through numerical and experimental results. Non-exponential decay is found in this open vault, and the reason and precondition of its occurrence are discussed. Ray tracing method has been used to conduct major numerical simulations in this article. Results of experiments have been compared with the numerical results to verify the conclusion. The steady sound pressure distribution in the vault with open ends is obviously different from that in enclosure and long space. The classic Sabine Formula cannot be used to calculate reverberation time in this open vault. As for the reason of the occurrence of non-exponential decay curve, it is because the coupling of sound energy between * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 25 83592919; fax: +86 25 83592919 E-mail address: email@example.com (H. Pu) small zones of different 'live' degrees within the space and it also depends on if requirements of double-sloped decay curve in coupled volumes theory can be fulfilled or not. If the distance between the observation spot and sound source is not big and both of them are not in the middle of the space, then double-sloped decay curve could be observed very obviously.


The passage of Voyager 1 through the wakeside region of Titan's ionosphere provided an interesting probe of this plasma environment. A one-dimensional multispecies hydrodynamic model was developed to study the wakeside ionosphere for radial distances ranging from 1.3 to 4.5 RT and included the ion species H2CN+, CnHm, C2H5+, CH5+, H+, H2+, and H3+. Plasma transport only along magnetic field lines was included. The only source of ion production was from electron impact ionization of Titan's atmosphere by radially streaming Satumian magnetospheric electrons (i.e., the nightside wakeside ionosphere). We found that ion production rates due to hot (200 eV) magnetospheric electrons impacting Titan's neutral atmosphere along radial field lines were comparable to the dayside ion production rates due to solar EUV flux. The magnetic flux tube area was varied along with electron temperature, and the results were compared to the ion densities and velocities measured during the Voyager 1 encounter. We found outward ion flows of about (2-7) × 106 cm−2 s−1, resulting in a total ion loss from Titan into Saturn's magnetosphere of about (6 - 20) × 1024 s−1.


SUMMARY

Filled milks were formulated from fresh skimmilk, vegetable oils and emulsifiers. The filled milks were pasteurized at 170°F for 8 see, homogenized at 500/2,500 psi and cooled to 36°F. Studies on lipid oxidation and flavor score were made during storage at 40°F for 7 days. Soybean oil-filled milk, prepared from lightly hydrogenated soybean oil, was quite acceptable when evaluated organoleptically at 24-hr intervals of approximately 1 wk. Thiobarbituric acid and peroxide values revealed that very slight oxidation had occurred during storage for approximately 1 wk at 40°F. Monoglyceride emulsifiers with varying degrees of saturation were used to stabilize the emulsion of soybean oil in skimmilk. The more unsaturated monoglycerides tended to impart bitter flavors to the milk when used at a concentration of 0.1% (based on weight of product) and also were less efficient emulsifiers when compared to saturated monoglycerides. Development of a very undesirable sulfide-like odor and flavor occurred under extremely high pasteurization temperatures. The degree of off-flavor produced was directly proportional to time and temperature of heating.


Abstract: Work to date on structural health monitoring systems for civil structures has been useful, but resembles existing bridge management systems. These management systems focus on processing collected data, but are unable to measure or evaluate the rate of structural deterioration for a specific bridge. In the last decade and a half or so, starting from the early 1990s, Operational modal analysis (OMA) has drawn significant attention in the civil engineering field as an attractive way to tackle this problem. OMA utilizes only response measurements of the structure under operational or ambient conditions to identify modal parameters. Compared with traditional experimental modal analysis (EMA), OMA does not require expensive excitation sources and can be applied to structures while they are in operation. The latter attribute is particularly attractive for vibration-based bridge health monitoring applications because the target bridge does not need to be closed to traffic to perform the modal parameter identification. This chapter discusses the use of OMA in long-term vibration-based structural health monitoring applications.


Wind accounts for considerable uncertainty in air traffic, and it often happens in this context that the best predictions available still contain a very significant error. To have a reliable air traffic simulation model, this uncertainty has to be represented, which requires a significant amount of computation. This study presents a way to improve the computing time and memory necessary for Monte Carlo simulations in this application area. The wind-prediction error field is modeled as a multivariate Gaussian stochastic process, with variables correlated both in space and in time. The original algorithm for generating this process, taken from the literature, presented some performance drawbacks; a new algorithm was thus developed using the idea of periodically discarding part of the history and using conditional distributions. This new algorithm performs with remarkable speed and memory gains while being capable of producing results with better temporal autocorrelation than the original algorithm.


Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with coexisting hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis is a rare yet potentially life-threatening condition. This report describes a patient with no history of diabetes who presented with DKA and coexisting acute pancreatitis secondary to severe hypertriglyceridemia. The patient did not respond to standard DKA management or plasmapheresis, developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and eventually expired.


The global averaged thermospheric mass density data during 1967–2007 are analyzed to investigate thermospheric response to solar wind sector structure. Well‐defined solar wind sectors have polarities of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) toward (+Bx, −By) or away (−Bx, +By) from the Sun for multiple days. In March, thermospheric mass densities increase from the away to toward polarities, with a maximum density perturbation of ~23% at 400 km with respect to the 11 day averages; they decline from the toward to away polarities, and the maximum reduction at 400 km can reach 12%, which is associated with a weakened heating effect of the geomagnetic activity. In September, thermospheric densities respond in an opposite way to the same sector structure as compared with the March results. In solstice seasons, thermospheric density variations in response to solar wind sector structure are typically smaller than 10% relative to the 11 day averages. Besides the seasonal dependence, relative density changes tend to become greater at higher altitude and lower solar activity. However, during solar minimum the density variations at 550 km are not substantially larger than those at 400 km due to the possible descending of the transition altitude between helium and atomic oxygen. Moreover, the corotating interaction region (CIR) has a high probability to occur around the sector boundary. Consequently, the CIR effects account for one third of the density enhancement at 400 km during ineffective‐effective sectors, whereas the density reduction associated with effective‐ineffective sectors can be impaired by about 50%, which is independent of altitude.


The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for imaging a magnetic resonance image. A method for imaging a magnetic resonance image according to one embodiment of the present invention includes: a step of defining image regions with regard to an object; a step of setting an imaging condition with regard to the image regions; and a step of imaging a magnetic resonance image with regard to the image regions according to the predetermined imaging condition.


The article presents an efficient method for characterization of substrate integrated waveguide structures. Substrate integrated circuits are considered as an ensemble of conducting vias placed in a parallel‐plate waveguide. The analysis is based on the wave concept formulation and the iterative resolution of two relationships between incident and reflected volume‐waves. The reflection operator is expressed using Hankel functions and computed by considering the scattering from the ensemble of conducting posts. Numerical results have been obtained for substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structures already presented in literature. Simulations obtained are compared with recent published results. A good agreement is achieved together with significant improvements both in computational time and memory requirements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 45–48, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24825


In the end-text available to us, the book of Deuteronomy can, to a certain extent, be described as the documentation of a single large assembly of Israel on the eve of the death of Moses. Deuteronomy 1-4 would be its opening address. As is shown by the copula in 4,1, the speech act of the entire first address of Moses is to be determined from 4,1-40. Through imperative exhortations, and especially through the two indicative qatal-predications of v. 5 and v. 26, this text is made to refer to the present of the Mosaic speech situation. V. 5 constitutes the legal situation of a 'promulgation of law'. For the case of its non-observance, v. 26 safeguards this 'legal instruction' by the placing of a curse. This speech act ultimately determines the function of the first address of Moses as a whole within the total set of events being narratively designed in Deuteronomy.


The advancement of Sensor Web technologies shows great promise to complement satellite remote sensing observations with fine-grained observations from in-situ sensors. One possibility is to use the timely observations from in-situ sensors to overcoming the limitation of long-term revisit periods in remote sensing products in time-critical situations. This often requires the timely processing of real-time observation streams. This paper proposes a stream computing based approach for fusing in-situ and remote sensing observations to provide timely decision support information. The approach is applied in a disaster management case, in which in-situ observation streams are processed to compute the waterlogging information of an area in near-real time. The results illustrate the applicability and effectiveness the approach.


AIM
To evaluate the 12-months clinical and radiological outcomes with the OsseoSpeed(™) TX implant using an early loading protocol in patients with missing teeth in the posterior mandible.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Forty-five subjects, with Kennedy class I or II edentulism in the mandible, were enrolled at three centres in China. Two or three implants were placed in one edentulous region using a one-stage procedure. Patients received a screw-retained splinted fixed permanent restoration in one edentulous region 6-8 weeks after surgery. Follow-up took place at 6 and 12 months after loading. Marginal bone level alteration, implant survival and clinical findings were assessed using descriptive statistics. The data were analysed on a patient level, implying that the mean overall implants by patient was used as the statistical unit. The data from the three centres were pooled in the statistical analyses.

RESULTS
A total of 107 implants were inserted in 45 patients. Twelve months after loading, the implant survival rate was 100%, with a mean (± std) marginal bone gain of 0.08 ± 0.411 mm and healthy soft tissue status.

CONCLUSIONS
Early loading of splinted OsseoSpeed(™) TX implants was an effective and safe treatment for partial edentulism of the posterior mandible. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ON CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT01346683.


Tkaaikova a., M. R., Bhide I. Mikula: Asymmetric PCR-SSCP: a Useful Tool for Detection of OLA-DRB1(MHC class II) Gene Polymorphism in Slovak Improved Valachian Sheep. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 275-278. Detection of OLA-DBR1 (exon 2) gene polymorphism is presented in the paper. Rapid and inexpensive polymorphism detection method, namely, single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was assessed. Modification of the SSCP to asymmetric PCR-SSCP enabled a more simplified assay for the clustering the individuals into distinct groups (profiles) on the basis of band patterns, as only single stranded amplicons were detected. A total of 400 Valachian sheep were included in the study. In this cohort, 25 distinct clusters were noticed. Among 25 groups the frequency of k profile was the highest (28%), followed by profile e (21%), p (16 %), w (9%) and d (9%). The homologous SSCP as well as asymmetric-PCR-SSCP patterns were observed among the twins: This finding has shown the sensitivity of both methods to segregate the individuals on the basis of their allelic forms.


INTRODUCTION The hip joint is a weight-bearing joint which allows a wide range of motion yet remains stable due to its ball and socket anatomy. Recognising this, the hip joint may encounter mechanical disorders or so-called 'impingement syndromes'. Awareness of different patterns of hip joint impingement is crucial as these conditions may predispose to hip joint osteoarthritis1 and may be the source of hip pain in a young individual2.


The years of scientific (including organizational) activity of I. V. Kurchatov at the Physicotechnical Institute marked an important period in his development. This period is examined here, with particular attention paid to his studies on the electrical properties of solids (dielectrics, semiconductors, and ferroelectrics) and in nuclear physics (neutrons, nuclear isomerism, the cyclotron). Certain questions pertaining to Kurchatov's pedagogical activities are elucidated. A substantial part of the material presented is based on archival documents.


INTRODUCTIONGiven the instability in world markets, and rapidly changing external environment, management of manufacturing companies is in need of high-quality and targeted information to make operational and strategic decisions. Supplier of such information is a management accounting. The researchers suggest that currently the most common are the traditional methods of cost and benefits accounting such as standard costing, absorption costing, and direct costing. However, the traditional methods are now changed by more modern ones. Thus, an alternative to traditional approaches to the calculation of costs and benefits is TA method (throughput accounting). Its main objective is the increase of throughput by eliminating the constraints that hinder the growth of production and sales, cash inflow of a company, obtaining greater profit margins. In many of the studies devoted to this method it is proved inexpedient to generate information about the full cost of production for management decision-making purposes (Hilmola, 2016).The emergence of this trend in management accounting is directly connected with the study and development of the theory of constraints, which was widespread throughout the world since the end of the XX century and has proven to be effective in the management of companies in various industries (Goldratt, 1992). In our previous works this methodology was examined in retrospect, as well as the problem of the joint use of TA (Throughput accounting) and VSC (Value Stream Costing) methods was investigated (Elsukova, 2015, Sokolov, 2007).Through TA method, contribution of each product (works, services) in generation of the total throughput value for the entire company is estimated. However, TA method is constantly evolving. Its basic principles, functions and tasks require understanding. For example, the composition of TVC (total variable costs), the classification of OE (operational costs), the timing of definition of the actual indicator T (throughput) (on the one hand, it can be the date of shipment to the buyer i.e. the transfer of risk to the goods, or on the other hand, the date of receipt of funds from the buyer). It is also of interest the indicator "cost per factory hour" in the denominator of TPAR (Throughput Accounting Ratio) formula. It is known that the priority should be given to the products generating the best TPAR. As a rule, the rate of "cost per factory hour" is calculated by dividing the fixed production costs (the sum of labor costs and production overheads) to a total bottleneck resource time available. The question arises, whether it is possible to include a part of the administrative costs in the cost per factory hour if the relationship of these costs with the production will be proved, for example, by using the ABC (activity-based costing) method tools? Deadlines for submission of internal reports under TA method are important. In particular, prof. S. Jackman (Jackman, 2008) and E. Noreen (Noreen, 1995), in their research of firms which have put into practice the theory of constraints, noted the need for daily planning and calculation of throughput indicator. Transfer to a weekly or even a daily compilation of statements is one of the reasons why the TA method is often referred to as instrument of operational management. However, the actual problem is the use of the TA method for strategic decision-making, too.Another problem is the nature of operating costs. It is assumed that they are constant, i.e. do not depend on the volume of core activities. Fluctuations of overhead costs are not so visible in companies with constant maximum capacity utilization. However, in conditions of abrupt changes in capacity utilization, there are often observed significant changes in the value of transaction costs (with regard to production overhead costs) incurred by a company for the transformation of raw materials purchased in the inflow of money from products sold (Kulikova, 2015). …


In this article, we consider a regulated market and explore the default events. By using a so-called reflected Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with two-sided barriers to formulate the price dynamics, we derive the expression on the conditional default probability. In the cases of single observation and multiple observations, the conditional default probabilities are explicitly expressed in terms of the inverse Laplace transforms. Finally, we present a numerical simulation associated with the conditional default probability.


This paper deals with dynamics of the solutions to the system of second order nonlinear difference equations xn+1 = xn A+ ynyn−1 , yn+1 = yn B + xnxn−1 , n = 0, 1, · · · , where A ∈ (0,∞), x−i ∈ (0,∞), y−i ∈ (0,∞), i = 0, 1. Moreover we use the known results to determine the rate of convergence of the solutions of this system. Finally, we give some numerical examples to justify our results.


This study purpose were (1) to determine the effect of "ragi tape" inoculum additional and fermentation time on the characteristics of watery sweating and (2) to determine the best treatment to obtain potential liquid pulp as material fermentation vinegar. The result showed that the treatment of fermentation time significantly affects to the yield, and pH cocoa pulp beans, and affects to total acid degree and total acetic acid cocoa pulp beans, meanwhile the treatment of additional yeast concentration and the interaction treatment A and B does not affect to the yield, pH, total acid degree and total acetic acid cocoa pulp beans. The best treatment as material vinegar fermentation there was in one day fermentation until three days fermentation was suggestion with opinion, that degree of acetic acid and yield of liquid pulp was filled the condition to material of fermentation vinegar


This paper proposes a new approach, Multi-Preview Control, to achieve an on-line control of trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance for redundant manipulators, whose control strategy positions between on-line local method and offline global method (path planning). In the trajectory tracking process, manipulator is required to keep a configuration with maximal avoidance manipulability in real-time. Multi-preview uses several future optimal configurations to control current configuration to complete task of trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance on-line with highest avoidance manipulability and reachability. We verify the validity of multi-preview control through simulations and evaluate its effectiveness by comparing it with single-preview and path planning.


The main objectives of this study are to explore the attitudes of young female residents in the Cisarua sub-district of West Java Province in Indonesia, towards Middle Eastern male tourists. The study seeks to confirm that this attitude is not a single variable. The authors found difficulty in inviting women who had an experience in contract marriage. Therefore, for this mixed-methods study a projective technique was applied involving young female residents aged 14 to 19 years. For the qualitative stage, data were taken by interviewing 90 participants and analysed using content analysis. The results were adapted into quantitative indicators. For the quantitative stage, data was collected using a survey with 199 usable questionnaires. The authors analysed the data using exploratory and confirmatory factor (structural equation model) analyses. The findings indicate that attitudes of young female residents towards Middle Eastern men are not a single variable: the first variable is a favourable attitude towards Middle Eastern men with two dimensions – benefit to the host and benefit to the tourists. The second variable is unfavourable attitude towards Middle Eastern men, consists of two dimensions – tourists as a villain and tourist as a lust seeker.


A polymer comprises: a) a thermosetting epoxy-terminated oxazolidinone ring containing polymer modified by b) core shell rubber particles, wherein at least 50% of the core shell rubber particles are prepared by a process comprising: I) carrying out an emulsion polymerization of monomers in an aqueous dispersion medium to form thermoplastic core shell rubber particles; II) coagulating the thermoplastic core shell rubber particles to form a slurry; and III) dewatering the slurry to form dewatered particles and IV) drying the dewatered particles to form dried particles is disclosed.


The purposes of this study were to investigate preventive behavior in fire and to predict preventive behavior in fire among workers at processed rubber wood industry. Totally, 196 workers were conducted during September to October, 2010. The data was administered by structured questionnaire which was tested reliability as Cronbach's alpha as 0.82. The simple and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The result found that most of them were male (56.10%). An average working experience was 7 years (SD = 4.44 years). There was 47.40 % that obtained training in safety related to fire, 49.00% in training about extinguish, 12.80% in evacuation on fire. An average scores of knowledge related to fire practices was 5.41 scores. Regarding to the preventive behavior on fire among workers found that the total scores of preventive behavior was in high level (χ = 2.83, SD = 0.37). In addition, the all specific of preventive behavior was high level including practice and evacuation (χ = 2.91, SD = 0.47), fire preventive behavior (χ = 2.90, SD = 0.41), fire perception (χ = 2.87, SD = 0.44), extinguish (χ = 2.83, SD = 0.47) and fire communication (χ = 2.61, SD = 0.46) respectively. According to the factors affecting preventive behavior among workers found that there were factors affecting preventive behavior such as working experience (p = 0.019), hazardous of fire (p < 0.001), training on fire (p = 0.001) and knowledge related self-practice on fire (p = 0.015). The results suggested that the organization should provide the continuous training on fire among workers to increase their knowledge in order to decrease the causal of fire, lost of asset, life, environment, organization image and public.


Differential Faraday rotation of the linear polarization of millimeter-wave (mmW) Gaussian beams has been observed from a magnetoelastic material system consisting of a silicone membrane that was infused with aligned nickel microparticles, mounted to a piezoelectric annulus, and immersed in a static magnetic field. The piezoelectric crystal was driven near its radial mode of resonance by an ac voltage signal so as to periodically stretch the membrane about the axis of mmW propagation. The stretching modulated the distribution of nickel microparticles and resulted in a change in magnetic properties of the material, specifically the effective Verdet constant. A customized, quasi-optical apparatus was phase locked with the ac driving signal to determine the difference in Faraday rotation due to the stretched and un-stretched states of the membrane.


Three species of mirid genus Glaucopterum from China are presented of which Glaucopterum nitrarium sp. nov. and G. shanxiense sp. nov. are described as new. A key to Chinese species is offered. Photographs of the dorsal habitus and illustrations of the genitalia are provided. All type specimens are deposited in Institute of Entomology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.


Lidar backscatter soundings of stratospheric aerosol layer were routinely made at the IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen. After 1979 significant perturbations of the stratosphere were observed after volcano eruptions from 1980 to 1985. A volcanically quiescent period followed until the eruption at the end of 1989. Determinations of particle extinction, mass and surface area of the stratospheric particulate load are important in climatic considerations and heterogeneous chemistry effects. Balloon-borne particle counter measurements are used to derive height and time resolved conversion factors to convert lidar backscatter data to extinction, mass and surface area values. This is done by combining particle size distributions with Mie backscatter and extinction functions. These conversion factors are applicable to midlatitude lidar observations and were used to convert ruby lidar measurement at the IFU.


This is an updated version of the aid for teachers and learners in the field of dyslexia first published as "The Kathleen Hickey Language Kit". Designed to prevent failure and to remedy disorders in reading, writing and spelling, it is cumulative, encouraging self-generating therapy in the learner.


This invention discloses a closed-path circulation technology and apparatus for the production of powdery products, in which multi-stage pulverization with speed increment stage by stage, and airflow classification, and feedback of output from final stage to fore stages are used. The filter aid of diatomite, which is made up according to the invention has better effect than that of other corresponding products if used in the experiment of beer filtering.


We reexamine, update and extend a suggestion we made fifteen years ago for measuring the photon polarization in b → sγ by observing in B → Kππγ an asymmetry of the photon with respect to the Kππ plane. Asymmetries are calculated for different charged final states due to intermediate K 1 (1400) and K 1 (1270) resonant states. Three distinct interference mechanisms are identified contributing to asymmetries at different levels for these two kaon resonances. For K 1 (1400) decays including a final state π 0 an asymmetry around +30% is calculated, dominated by interference of two intermediate K * π states, while an asymmetry around +10% in decays including final π + π − is dominated by interference of S and D wave K * π amplitudes. In decays via K 1 (1270) to final states including a π 0 a negative asymmetry is favored up to −10% if one assumes S wave dominance in decays to K * π and Kρ, while in decays involving π + π − the asymmetry can vary anywhere in the range −13% to +24% depending on unknown phases. For more precise asymmetry predictions in the latter decays we propose studying phases in K 1 → K * π, Kρ by performing dedicated amplitude analyses of B → J/ψ(ψ ′)Kππ. In order to increase statistics in studies of B → Kππγ we suggest using isospin symmetry to combine in the same analysis samples of charged and neutral B decays.


The irrationalism reflected in the characters of Anna Karenina evidently manifests itself in three respects: irrational sexual desire,irrational freedom,and tragic ending of the characters.And the irrationalism provides the classic fiction with the features of Modernistic Aesthetics.


Parent reports of their children's expressive vocabulary and word combinations were obtained for 102 21- to 27-month-old children who were exposed to Spanish and English on a regular basis. The dat...


The microwave dielectric properties of a powder aluminum nitride, AlN, will be measured at 0.615 GHz, 1.412 GHz, 2.214 GHz, 3.017GHz and 3.820 GHz frequency ranges and at temperature range from 25 oC to 1800 oC. Cavity perturbation technique will be used to measure the microwave dielectric properties of AlN. The temperature and frequency-dependent electrical conductivity, of AlN will be calculated using the imaginary part, '', of the measured dielectric properties. The frequency exponent n, and the activation energy, Ea, will be determined in term of the calculated electrical conductivity, Consequently, the conduction mechanisms variation of AlN, in the microwave frequency range and at high temperature, would be investigated in term of the variation of these parameters with the variation of temperature and frequencies.


Author(s): Liang, Jason | Advisor(s): Zhou, Huilin; Donoghue, Daniel J | Abstract: Maintaining genome stability is essential for cell viability and growth. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation have been implicated in regulating the cellular processes that maintain genome integrity. Under genotoxic stress, cells initiate a DNA damage response that includes the activation of a phosphorylation-mediated pathway known as the DNA damage checkpoint. Several processes are regulated by the DNA damage checkpoint including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, transcription, and cell apoptosis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mec1 and Tel1 are key protein kinases that initiate the activation of the DNA damage checkpoint. Several studies have identified substrates of Mec1/Tel1 including Sae2, a DNA double-strand break repair protein involved in DNA end resection and processing of hairpin structures. In this study we identify Mec1/Tel1 consensus sites on Sae2, T90 and T279, which when mutated to non-phosphorylatable alanine causes genome instability and hyper-activation of the downstream checkpoint kinase Rad53, similar to a sae2∆ mutant. We find that phosphorylation of T90 and T279 on Sae2 mediates protein-protein interaction with several Forkhead associated-domain containing proteins including checkpoint kinases Rad53 and Dun1. Taken together, this suggests that the interaction of phosphorylated Sae2 with Rad53 and Dun1 is important for its role in DNA repair and genome maintenance. Pathways that regulate other post-translational modifications have also been implicated in genome stability, including the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). Recently, SUMO E3 ligases have been shown to be suppressors of gross chromosomal rearrangements, but not much is known of the enzymes that deconjugate SUMO. In this study, we discover a role for SUMO isopeptidases, Ulp1 and Ulp2, in preventing gross chromosomal rearrangements. We identify targets of Ulp1 and Ulp2 and find that Ulp2 distinctly regulates sumoylation at three chromosomal regions: rDNA, centromeres, and origins of replication. In contrast, Ulp1 globally targets most sumoylated proteins and mutating ULP1 leads to an unexpected decrease in sumoylation of Ulp2 substrates. Moreover, we find that Ulp2 is able to target its substrates at the rDNA and centromeres through interaction with a kinetochore-associated complex Csm1-Lrs4. Structural and biochemical analysis demonstrates that the C-terminus of Ulp2 binds to the globular domain of the Csm1 homodimer. Mutations to the residues on Ulp2 that interact with Csm1 elevate sumoylation of the nucleolar protein Tof2 and reduce its protein abundance, resulting in a loss of transcriptional silencing at the rDNA. Lastly, we show that the loss of Tof2 protein levels in ulp2 mutants are triggered by the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, Slx5-Slx8.


Publisher Summary This chapter describes non-equilibrium modeling for the Linz–Donawitz (LD) converter. In the LD converter process, pure oxygen is blown on a molten iron bath for refining purposes. The elements that are dissolved in the molten iron and also that are a part of the molten iron are oxidized. They form either a slag phase covering the hot metal or, in the case of C, gas bubbles containing CO and CO2. The chapter illustrates several reaction zones. In the hot spot, the oxygen directly reacts with iron and dissolved elements. Owing to the impact of the oxygen jet, iron droplets are dispersed in the slag phase as well as slag droplets in the metal bath. The metal–slag dispersion is mixed further by CO and CO2 bubbles and serves as the main reaction zone. A third zone contains the hot metal that is not dispersed in the slag but forms the bath underneath. Droplets from the dispersion fall back into the bath. The research presented in the chapter is the evaluation of a technique for modeling metallurgical processes.