The verbs meaning 'give' across languages are known to be among the most highly grammaticalized verbs, which exhibit a high degree of polyfunctionality. This paper aims to (i) present commonalities and differences in the grammaticalization of the verbs for 'give' in Thai and Mandarin Chinese, namely, hây in Thai and gěi in Mandarin Chinese, and (ii) investigate how different constituent orders of the head vis-a-vis the modifier and complement in Thai and Mandarin Chinese bear on patterns of grammaticalization of the two verbs. It is found that the functions that hây in Thai and gěi in Mandarin Chinese share in common are (1) the ditransitive verb use, (2) the dative-marking use, (3) the benefactivemarking use, and (4) the causative-marking use. As for different functions of hây and gěi, hây exhibits the clause connective use, which is lacking in gěi, whereas gěi exhibit the passive-marking use, which is lacking in hây. It is argued that the head-modifier order in Thai seems to be compatible with postverbal grammaticalized morphemes whereas the modifier-head order in Mandarin Chinese seems to be compatible with preverbal grammaticalized ones.


The ratio of drilling thin sandstone is low because the measurement point of conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument to bit's distance is far and the bit is outside the reserves which is not found in time.The study of electromagnetic wave logging technology near-bit is carried out,which includes the innovative design of instrument casing construction and the design of miniaturization and low exploit electro circuit.The instrument was tested in oilfields,the test result indicated that the instrument design is rational,the operation is dependable,the measurement data is accurate,and the precision is high.Compared with conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument,the electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument near-bit is not only affected lightly by the mud invading and the resolving ratio of logging curve is higher,but also the geosteering drilling for the horizontal well was more beneficial.It provides the reliable technology guaranty for the exploitation of the horizontal wells,especially the thin sandstone horizontal wells.


This paper believes that asset impairment can be used in conjunction with the transaction of asset disposal to form an impairment(earnings) manipulation method with excess amount accrued in former period and transaction written off accompanying in the later period.Empirical evidences show that listed companies are apt to make excess provision for long-term asset impairment accrued in the current year when they suffer losses.If they plan to dispose ther long-term assets next year,they will make even more provision for long-term asset impairment accrued.And in the next year whether the company suffering losses can turn a loss into a profit is positively correlated with asset disposal in the current year with losses.The results show that accounting manipulation can be carried out jointly with transaction planning,so the authorities should enhance the control of accruing and writing-off behaviors of provision for asset impairment under new accounting rules.


The concentration of atmospheric CO2 in Beijing increased rapidly at a mean growth rate of 3.7% · a−1 from 1993 to 1995. After displaying a peak of (409.7±25.9) μmol · mol−1 in 1995, it decreased slowly. Both the almost stable anthropogenic CO2 source and increasing biotic CO2 sink contribute to the drop of CO2 concentration from 1995 to 2000. The seasonal variation of CO2 concentration exhibits a clear cycle with a maximum in winter, averaging (426.8±20.6) μmol · mol−1, and a minimum in summer, averaging (369.1±6.1) μmol·mol−1. The seasonal variation of CO2 concentration is mainly controlled by phenology. The mean diurnal variation of atmospheric CO2 concentration for a year in Beijing is highly clear: daily maximum CO2 concentration usually occurs at night, but daily minimum CO2 concentration does in the daytime, with a mean diurnal difference more than 34.7 μmol·mol−1. It has been revealed that the interannual variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration in winter and autumn regulated the interannual trend of atmospheric CO2, whereas the interannual variation of CO2 concentration in summer affected the general tendency of atmospheric CO2 in a less degree.


ABSTRACT This paper offers a case study of a survivor of childhood incest who in adulthood has become a victim of violence in her relationships with chosen partners and is concerned that she herself may be a perpetrator of sexual abuse. It examines selected literature on attachment, dissociation, transference/countertransference, role responsiveness and sadomasochistic therapeutic enactments, the two-system superego model, and the triadic self. The paper focuses on long-term treatment dynamics with survivors of cumulative trauma and explores such psychodynamic psychotherapy issues as the therapist as a perpetrator of violence, the development of sacred space, authenticity, and the importance of both offering hope and embracing despair in this work.


1. In order to investigate the mechanism of serosal pressure‐induced inhibition of isosmotic fluid transport, the effect of 4·5 cm water serosal pressure on spontaneous water transfer (Jv) in rabbit gall‐bladders was measured (in the presence of a supporting soft nylon net on the mucosal side) in a modified Ussing chamber. This allowed unidirectional Na+ fluxes ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]), transepithelial potential difference and resistance (Rt) to be measured simultaneously. The effects of the serosal pressure were also investigated by light and electron microscopy.


The invention discloses an ultrasonic cleaning rod. The cleaning rod comprises a cleaning portion, a handle, ultrasonic transducers and an ultrasonic generator, the cleaning portion is of a cylinder structure, the handle is connected to the position, located at one end, of the central axis of the cylinder, a cable is connected to the tail of the handle, the ultrasonic transducers are arranged on the side wall of a cavity inside the cleaning portion and at the top of the end, far away from the handle, of the cylinder, the ultrasonic generator is arranged inside the handle and connected with the ultrasonic transducers through electric wires, wherein after cleaning agents are placed in a cup in need of cleaning, the ultrasonic cleaning rod is stretched into the cup and started, and the cleaning work can be conducted. Through the mode, the ultrasonic cleaning rod is simple in structure, convenient to hold in hand, fast and clean in cleaning, good in cleaning effect, capable of cleaning the bottom of a cup which is hard to clean, in particular to the bottom of a deep cup, fast and effectively through the ultrasonic wave vibration, great in practicability and convenient in cleaning, and a certain economic base and a certain market prospect are achieved.


Hydroxyurea affects the synthesis of deoxynucleoside triphosphates, by inhibiting the cellular enzyme ribonucleotide reductase [1]. By this mechanism hydroxyurea can prevent mitosis, therefore it is clas ified as a cytostatic drug [2]. Moreover, cellular deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels represent a limiting factor for t he completion of retroviral reverse transcription [3,4]. On this basis, hydroxyurea was originally proposed as an anti-HIV drug [3]. Hydroxyurea inhibits HIV in active and resting CD4 T lymphocytes and macrophages, potentiates the activity of nucleoside re verse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), compensates for resistance to adenosine analogue NRTI, and increases the phosphorylat ion f pyrimidine NRTI (for a review, see Ref. 5). Data from randomized, controlled clinical trials involving more than 500 patients [6-9] indicate that hydroxyurea is safe and augments the suppression of HIV replication when used in combination with didanosine (ddI ) or dI/stavudine as initial therapy in patients without extensive antiretroviral experience.


The paper presents a clinical case report. Level of evidence - V. Surgical treatment of osteoblastoma of the lateral mass of C 3 vertebra was performed in a 6-year-old child. Follow-up period was 9 months after radical operation including tumor en block resection and local screw fixation of C 2 -C 3 vertebrae. The principles of differential diagnosis of small-sized osteoblastoma (1.5 cm) with nonspecific clinical and radiological symptoms are described.


Bioavailability study was conducted on 250 mg-chlorpropamide tablets from 10 locally manufactured brands and an innovator one (Diabinese). The results of the tests for quality according to the pharmacopoeia were as follows: weight uniformity of all the brands was in accordance with the USP XXII standard, the content of one of them failed, and disintegration test of one brand failed (BP 1,973 and USP XIX). In addition five brands failed to meet the USP XXII dissolution specification, while only 2 brands failed to meet the BP 1,988 specification.  Four brands of chlorpropamide tablets were selected for studying their bioequivalence in 20 Thai healthy male volunteers, receiving orally a half dose of 250 mg, using a cross-over randomized design, one representing the rapid dissolution rate group, the innovator one representing the intermediate dissolution rate group and 2 brands representing the slow rate group (one failed the USP XXII, but met the BP 1,900 dissolution specification (a) and the other failed both USP XXII and BP 1,988 dissolution specification (b). Plasma chlorpropamide levels were determined by a specific high performance liquid chromatographic method. Individual plasma profiles were analysed using PC NONLIN computer program-two compartment open model.  There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) with regard to extent and rate of absorption between the brand having the intermediate dissolution rate (the innovator one) and the slow dissolution drug (b), while the brand representing rapid dissolution rate was absorbed more rapidly (p 0.05) between the level before taking the drugs and that after 2 hours. There was no significant correlation between the in vivo absorption rate and the dissolution, USP XXII method (p > 0.05).  The mean peak chlorpropamide concentration in plasma (half dose taken) was between 14.59 and 16.69 ug/ml, and the half-life (T 1/2 , e) was between 43.73 and 49.42 hours.


Thisreport examines correspondence between per- ceived andobjective (American HeartAssociation's RISKO) risk of heart attack andstroke inarandomly selected sample fromtwo surveys (n=4,171) conducted ineachoftwoNewEngland cities, in 1981-82 and1983-84, respectively. Results confirmed prior reports thatpeople tendtounderesti- matetheir CVD (cardiovascular disease) riskandshowedthat estimates ofthose atlowest risk weremostaccurate. (AmJPublic Health 1989; 79:1653-1654.)


The constitution in march 1919 of the third communist international gives concrete expression to a twofold certainty : the universality and the imminence of the revolution to come. The setting up of the various national sections, resulting from this postulate, takes place in a rapidly contradictory environment : that of the unattainable revolution. Such is the case for the french party, which springs from a painful split in december 1920. The necessity to conquer the masses that communism is supposed to lead, inspires lenin to launch, during the third congress in july 1921, a policy of address to socialdemocracy, in order to seduc a working class the majority of which still relies on it. This frontist policy - aiming at highlighting the capacity of communist parties to exemplary action - will fail, owing first to the french refusal to enter into an alliance with those they have just seceded from, then to the sectarian and ultra-leftist interpretation imposed by the authorities of the international, under zinoviev. Stalinian centrism and the thesis of "single-country socialism" which arise late in 1924 are yet to allow the initiation of the premises of a more effective frontist policy, from the autumn of 1925 to the summer of 1927. Henceforth convinced of the necessity to take into account the social democratic reality and to practise a more constructive alliance, the french communist party is hardly imagining the various ways to a real frontist policy when the stalinian international imposes the radical move to "class versus class" in november 1927. In fact, before the advent of the popular front, the french communist party, highly isolated, has not conquered its popular rank and file.


About the value of archives,the theory archives has long been applied in our country's archives field.It reveals archives' attribute of value,naturally forming the value of archives,this theory and concept.However,systematic research on the value of archives is still in the initial stage and therefore,we need to make systematic summarization and research on the connotation of archives' value,especially on the understanding archives' value and the nature of archive work in the new era,which need to be discovered,explored and summarized in our archive workers' practice.


The Cube Laboratory for Space Technology Experimental Projects (STEP Cube Lab) is a cube satellite (CubeSat) classified as a pico-class satellite of 1 U (unit) size. Its main mission objective is to exploit core space technologies researched by domestic universities and verify the effectiveness of these technologies through on-orbit tests using the CubeSat. To guarantee a successful mission under extreme space thermal environments, proper thermal design is important. This paper describes the development process undertaken in the thermal design of the STEP Cube Lab, based on a passive approach, and its validation test. The system functionality and thermal design were verified through thermal vacuum and thermal balance tests under space simulated thermal vacuum environment condition. Finally, the orbital temperature of each component was predicted using a highly reliable correlated thermal mathematical model of the CubeSat obtained from the thermal balance test.


This article describes a number of religious objects in Central Asia in Post-Soviet period of democratic reformations. Also the amount of religious objects in Kyrgyzstan in the ratio with growth of the population is considered. Information on religious institutions is taken from materials of the state organizations (statistical data on the population, development of religious institutions), in article also references are used. Also it is analyzed the data of number of religious institutions given about a ratio with the republics of Central Asia, with population. The saturation and a variety of confessional space some countries of Central Asia testifies to high degree of the religious freedom reached for years of democratic transformations. At the same time, prerequisites for emergence and an aggravation of interfaith contradictions and the conflicts, generally because of competitive fight for influence in society are created. The religious variety was created for the account: firstly an exit from an underground or the renewal of activity of a number of the religious directions which have earlier not gained official recognition and pursued by the state; secondly disintegration processes and split in traditional religion in region; in the third, vigorous missionary activity of foreign religious organizations, generally Protestant and pseudo-Protestant orientation, penetration into the country of the so-called new religious movements (NRM) of the western and east origin, and also wider circulation of earlier traditional religions in Central Asia. As a result the confessional pluralism became an important distinctive feature of a modern religious situation in the Kyrgyz Republic and in the countries of Central Asia.In general when carrying out religious policy in the region it is necessary to adhere to the international standards and standards the restrictive provisions entered in some republics haven't affected the rights of believers.


This book covers Cassandra as a whole with its main focus on Set Relational Data Model and Data Warehousing. This book is divided into seven chapters. Chapter One introduces NoSQL, and its concepts and the types of NoSQL databases available in the market. Chapter Two focusses mainly on Cassandra Architecture and Theory. Chapter Three focusses on Cassandra Data Objects like tables, columns, indexes and so on. Chapter Four covers Cassandra Query language. Chapter Five talks about Data Modelling techniques that have been used from last two decades and over. Chapter Six covers NoSQL Data Modelling techniques called Set Relational Model, which can be used to build scalable Data Warehouses and Data Lakes. Chapter Seven covers integration aspects of Cassandra with various programming languages and other RDBMS databases like SQL Server.


Maozedong's theory of building Party turns out to be the product of the combination of Marxist theory of building Party and Chinese practice and Chinese traditional culture as well as the Proletariat's idea of building Party with Chinese style.The study of the relation between Maozedong's spirit and the spirit of Chinese nation has the urgency on the times and historical necessity for further unification of ideology,the enhancement of the Party construction,the advancement of national spirit and the promotion of modern construction of the Socialism.


Molecular electronic ground-state theories, whether ab initio, or semiempirical are most often formulated as a variational principle, where the electronic ground-state energy, considered a linear or nonlinear functional of a reduced density matrix, obtains a constrained minimum. In this communication, we present a Lagrangian analysis of the self-consistent-field electronic structure problem, which does not resort to the concept of orthogonal molecular orbitals. We also develop a method of constrained minimization efficiently applicable to nonlinear energy functional minimization, as well as to linear models such as tight-binding. The method is able to treat large molecules with an effort that scales linearly with the system size. It has built-in robustness and leads directly to the desired minimal solution. Performance is demonstrated on linear alkane and polyene chains.


This article re-stories the navigation of one White female student, Abby, enrolled in a 12th grade ethnic studies course titled Native American literature. Abby reveals tensions, disruptions, and s...


Abstract This study explores the basis for conservation action on Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allemao (Anacardiaceae). This is a wide-ranging forest species occurring in Brazil and other South American countries, notably in the Cerrado region. This paper aims to provide a structured review of available knowledge of its biology, ecology, silviculture and management. Widely-scattered published reports have been critically considered and efforts made to highlight and resolve contradictions and inconsistencies. Information about this species is scanty and scattered, particularly in respect to its biology and ecology. Some effort has been applied to its domestication and improvement, but opinion on its silviculture and management is still controversial. The taxon is typical of open and deciduous forest in the Cerrado. Gaps in current knowledge relevant for conservation are identified and steps to fill them proposed. Where in situ conservation proved to be more appropriate, recommendations are made for the location of additional protected areas. Complementary ex situ and enrichment conservation actions are suggested for specific parts of the range where resource losses are already so extensive that in situ measures alone are inadvisable. Opportunities for refining the limited management and conservation knowledge are proposed by highlighting priorities for study of the taxon. Finally, future action is discussed in the context of the infrastructure of the national conservation sector.


The invention relates to a crawler belt split type driving wheel for a harvester. The crawler belt split type driving wheel for the harvester comprises a spoke which is fixedly connected with a driving shaft and a gear ring which is arranged on the outer edge of the spoke. The driving wheel is divided into a plurality of driving wheel blocks which can be mounted and/or dismounted independently in the radial direction, the structures of all the driving wheel blocks are the same, the interchangeability is achieved, and the driving wheel blocks are fixedly connected with the driving shaft independently. According to the crawler belt split type driving wheel for the harvester, when the driving wheel breaks down, the driving wheel blocks which break down can be dismounted directly and independently, the driving wheel blocks can be mounted again after being repaired or replaced, and therefore the repair difficulty and costs are greatly lowered.


The atomic-scale surface structural evolution of Si(100) exposed to gas-phase thermal hydrogen atoms, H(g), has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and temperature-programed desorption mass spectrometry. For the substrate temperature (Ts) between 420 and 530 K, dihydride species in 3×1:H domains were selectively etched upon extensive exposures to H(g). As a result, etch pits grew laterally along Si surface dimer rows. The presence of these pits correlates with the absorption of H(g) into the bulk of Si(100), confirming our earlier suggestion that atomic-scale surface roughening caused by etching is a prerequisite for H(g) absorption.


This paper examines the relationship between enterprise characteristics, capital structure and operational performance among a sample of 592 companies listed on the Vietnamese stock exchange during the three years 2012-2014. Whilst most previous studies in this area have used multiple regression as the main method of analysis, the paper follows the examples of Titman and Wessels (1988) and Chang et al. (2009) and adopts a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Specifically, path analysis was employed to analyze simultaneous relationships among the various variables. The results suggest that for listed enterprises in Vietnam, operational performance has a negative effect on both of the measures of capital structure considered, namely long-term debt/total assets ratio (LDR) and short-term debt/total assets ratio (SDR), while the extent of state ownership has a positive effect on LDR and enterprise age has a positive effect on SDR only. The ratio of long-run to total assets affects the two capital structure measures in opposite ways: the effect is positive on LDR and negative on SDR. The evidence was considered to be inconclusive on the question of direction of causality between operational performance and LDR.


This paper deals with the estimation of the channel impulse response (CIR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In particular, we focus on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator. The ML estimator is simpler to implement as it needs no information on the channel statistics, but its performance depends on the assumed effective order of channel impulse response (EOCIR). In this paper, we propose a novel ML channel estimator which combines the ML estimation with a strategy of linear search. The proposed method introduces a few complexities, but, compared with the existing ML channel estimators, it is highly robust to variation of EOCIR. Its performance has been proved using theoretical analysis and simulations.


The research aims to study effect of adding barley flour by 10, 15, 20%, oat flour 10,15,20% and the two together by 10 +10, 15 +15, and 20 +20% on the rheological characteristics of the dough showed: First: The results obtained from farinograph adding that as a result of barley at different rates led to increasing the rate of absorption and duration of kneading dough and consistently for maximum strength and the weakness of dough. Also, adding oats, at different rates led to the low rate of absorption, while the access time and the stability of the dough and the dough weakness. In the case of mixing the two together, the results obtained through farinograph led added both of barley and oat together in different proportions led to the low rate of water absorption, while the arrival time, dough development, the dough stability and dough weakness were determined. Second: the results obtained from extensograph as a result of adding barley at different rates led to a decline in rubber dough and flatten the resistance and the relative number and energy resulting dough. While oats at different rates led to a decline in rubber dough and figure the relative energy and the resulting dough while increasing resistance to flatten. And also in the case of mixing barley and oats together in different proportions led to a decline in rubber dough Find a summary of the results obtained through can say that the best ratio in addition to barley was 15% and for oats was 10% in the case of mixing barley and oats were best ratio of 15% as well.


The Chinese government conducted its sixth national census in 2010 and released its major results in April 2011. According to the National Bureau of Statistics the quality of the census was very high. Although the currently released census results consist of limited statistics only, they shed new light on China's recent fertility levels, which have been debated among scholars and policy makers for more than a decade. The 2010 census results, however, also show considerable inconsistencies with those published by the United Nations Population Division recently. This paper will, on the basis of newly published census results and other available evidence, further examine China's recent fertility decline and its impact on the country's long-term development. It will also comment on the major discrepancies between the results of Chinese government recent population projection, the United Nations' World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision and China's 2010 census, and investigate the underlying causes that have led to these differences.


The 2011 Census of Canada echoes the census results from one hundred years earlier. The first decade of the 20th century featured a dramatic surge in immigration, with immigrants attracted to both the resource–rich regions (BC, the Prairies, Northern Ontario), and to the large metropolitan areas that provided manufactured goods and services for the resource boom (Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary). This paper also documents the recent shift in economic growth away from manufacturing towards the resource sectors, the exaggerated growth of the largest cities, and the implications for the provinces. The main difference between the recent growth and that of the earlier period is the rapid aging of the current population as the baby boom cohorts become older. The combination of recent immigration and the fertility events of the last half-century has produced a complex geography of urban growth. Growth has become more and more concentrated in a small number of metropolitan areas that continue to attract immigration. These cities are able to stimulate growth in nearby places as young families move outward and retirees seek peace and quiet; but the great majority of Canadian cities are simply getting older, without significant growth.


There has been considerable discussion in academic circles about the possibility of moving toward open educational materials—those which may be shared, copied and altered freely, without permission or fee. Legal education is particularly ripe for such a transition, as many of the source materials—including federal statutes and cases—are in the public domain. In this article, we discuss our experience producing an open casebook and statutory supplement on Intellectual Property Law, and answer many of the frequently asked questions about the project. Obviously, open coursebooks are less expensive and more convenient for students. But we found that they also offer pedagogical benefits for professors, who can readily preview, adapt, customize, and update the materials according to their varied needs. We also discuss the potential of current print-on-demand technology—readers can enjoy both free digital versions and low-cost hard copies. Finally, we review the evidence that, for authors, making educational materials "open" is not necessarily incompatible with a profit motive. After exploring both the benefits and limitations of open educational materials, we Copyright © 2015 by James Boyle & Jennifer Jenkins. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (last visited Aug. 2, 2015). * James Boyle is William Neal Reynolds Professor of Law, Duke Law School. Jennifer Jenkins is Senior Lecturing Fellow, Duke Law School, and Director of the Center for the Study of the Public Domain. 14 WASHINGTON JOURNAL OF LAW, TECHNOLOGY & ARTS [VOL. 11:1 conclude that, on balance, open publishing models have the potential to markedly improve legal education—both through substitution and through competition—particularly as the conventional publishing model becomes increasingly outdated, rigid, and overpriced.


Preface Prologue 1: "Every Journey Begins with the First Step" 2: Winter Days 3: Panda Politics 4: A Footnote to History 5: A Mountain of Treasure 6: In the Hollow of a Fir 7: Wei-Wei's World 8: Death in the Choushuigou 9: Travels in Panda Country 10: Zhen-Zhen Eats Bitterness 11: Tangjiahe 12: Crisis 13: Prisoners of Fate 14: Rent-a-Panda Epilogue App. A In Search of the Kylin: The Endangered Wildlife of China App. B The Panda Is a Panda App. C Winter Birds Observed at Wuyipeng App. D Excerpts from the 1989 Panda Management Plan App. E Excerpts from Position Statements on Exhibition Loans of Giant Pandas Selected Reading Index of Names Index of Species and Subjects


For mankind, hands are essential organs due to their agility and dexterity and are vital to our activities of daily living. The hand is a very complex structure and is made up of an array of small bones which totals to 27 bones in number including the 8 carpal bones. In combination with this, there are the different muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments and the neurovascular bundle which form a part of the machinery of the hand. Such a complex functional unit has the potential of a variety of injuries when involved in any. Hand injuries are among the most frequent injuries, constituting between 6.6% and 28.6% of all injuries. Most of these injuries occur mainly during industrial activities; however, they also occur at home, in public venues, in traffic accidents, and during sports activities. Hand and forearm injuries, however small or large they may be do have a significant impact on the society in terms of cost of treatment and hospital stay and costs of lost production. A further loss occurs in terms of an increased time off work due to need for rehabilitation and in some cases due to the permanent loss or impairment of function of the hand.


The present invention is in synchronization with the falling edge of the rising pulse and the buffered signal which is in synchronization with the rising edge of a related to a ringing protection device which can solve the data error according to the ringback noise in a semiconductor memory device, buffering generated by buffering the data strobe signal, the signal data strobe buffer unit outputting a polling pulse; Characterized in that it comprises a; and latches the burst end signal generates a buffer control signal to control the data strobe buffer unit and the buffer control section for outputting said buffer control signal in response to the control of the pulse signal synchronized is generated in the buffered signal do.


The importance of the online travel search environment is well documented. In this context, trademarks play an instrumental role in resolving customer confusion in the search environment. An important element of the online search environment is the organic search output that is typically displayed on the left side of the search results screen on major search engines. This study evaluated the organic search listing performance in a U.S.-based search context of hotel trademarks (websites) on three search engines (Google, Yahoo! and MSN [later Bing]) across four countries (United States, United Kingdom, China, and India) over two separate time periods (years 2007 and 2009) for three tiers of lodging operation (economy, midscale, and upscale). Findings indicate that there are significant differences across countries, across lodging tiers and over time periods. The study draws attention for hoteliers to focus on website optimization and trademark control in the online information space.


Abstract Many problems in classification involve huge numbers of irrelevant features. Variable selection reveals the crucial features, reduces the dimensionality of feature space, and improves model interpretation. In the support vector machine literature, variable selection is achieved by penalties. These convex relaxations seriously bias parameter estimates toward 0 and tend to admit too many irrelevant features. The current article presents an alternative that replaces penalties by sparse-set constraints. Penalties still appear, but serve a different purpose. The proximal distance principle takes a loss function and adds the penalty capturing the squared Euclidean distance of the parameter vector to the sparsity set Sk where at most k components of are nonzero. If represents the minimum of the objective , then tends to the constrained minimum of over Sk as ρ tends to . We derive two closely related algorithms to carry out this strategy. Our simulated and real examples vividly demonstrate how the algorithms achieve better sparsity without loss of classification power. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.


In this paper, we set out our arguments for a new approach to control electrical distribution networks making them more robust and flexible and giving them the ability to adapt themselves to the evolution of the way we consume and produce electricity. In the first part of the paper, the current state of the distribution network is presented as well as the motivations to move from classical control strategies to innovative ones. Then, the concept of Smart Grid and the associated challenges are presented. Finally, the Adaptive Multi-Agent System approach is exposed as well as the benefits it can have for the Smart Grid.


Lodging is one of the main reasons for the reduction in seed yield and is the limitation of mechanized harvesting in B. napus. The dissection of the regulatory mechanism of lodging resistance is an important goal in B. napus. In this study, the lodging resistant B. napus line, YG689, derived from the hybridization between B. napus cv. Zhongyou 821 (ZY821) and Capsella bursa-pastoris, was used to dissect the regulation mechanism of hard stem formation by integrating anatomical structure, transcriptome and metabolome analyses. It was shown that the lignocellulose content of YG689 is higher than that of ZY821, and some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the lignocellulose synthesis pathway were revealed by transcriptome analyses. Meanwhile, GC–TOF–MS and UPLC–QTOF–MS identified 40, 54, and 31 differential metabolites in the bolting stage, first flower stage, and the final flower stage. The differential accumulation of these metabolites might be associated with the lignocellulose biosynthesis in B. napus. Finally, some important genes that regulate the metabolic pathway of lignocellulose biosynthesis, such as BnaA02g18920D, BnaA10g15590D, BnaC05g48040D, and NewGene_216 were identified in B. napus through the combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics data. The present results explored the potential regulatory mechanism of lignocellulose biosynthesis, which provided a new clue for the breeding of B. napus with lodging resistance in the future.


: http://dx.doi.org/10.22076/me.2017.29729.1036 * Corresponding Author: Hamid Sazegaran, PhD Address: Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran. Tel: +98 (9352693344) E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Research Paper Effect of Two-Phase Gas-Solid Flow into the Cyclone on the Immersion Tubes Behavior by Numerical Method and Microstructural Analyses *Hamid Sazegaran1, Seyed Mohammad Javadi2 1Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran. 2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran. Citation: Sazegaran H, Javadi S.M. Effect of Two-Phase Gas-Solid Flow into the Cyclone on the Immersion Tubes Behavior by Numerical Method and Microstructural Analyses. Metallurgical Engineering 2018: 21(2): 139-148 http://dx.doi.org/10.22076/me.2018.61731.1125 doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.22076/me.2018.61731.1125


This semiconductor memory device and its manufacturing method are provided. Layered gate structure including a repeat of a stacked insulating film and gate electrode in turn on the substrate are spaced apart from each other in a first direction parallel to the substrate, it is provided with a vertical channel structure extending through the stacked gate structure. Between the stacked gate structure is provided with a source line plug extending in a second direction intersecting the substrate and the tangent, in the first direction. A substrate in contact with the source line plug comprises a plurality of protruding regions formed in a second direction, the projecting regions, each having a first width, wherein there is provided spaced apart from each other by a first distance greater than the first width.


The motives of Japanese FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) have changed from the resourceoriented type and the costoriented type to the integration (market + production + information) type. Exploiting the host country's market, establishing the international manufacture and logistic networks, collecting patents, information and utilizing labor force are becoming the major basic motives of Japanese FDI now. With the great changes of the location condition and comparative advantages of regions in the changing economic world, the regional difference and changes of the motives of Japanese FDI become more obvious. The motives of Japanese FDI to the developed regions, such as North America and Europe, become more integrative. The motives of Japanese FDI to Asia have changed from the costoriented type to the marketdominated integration type (market + production), and the motives of FDI to China have been changing from the costoriented type to the productiondominated integration type (production + market).


The LinkedIn Global Top Skills of 2016 report has shown a major demand for technical skills in the workplace with digital knowledge and understanding making up the entire top 10. Employers are reportedly looking more and more to hire experts in data analysis, web design and software development, according to the hiring and recruiting activity that has happened on the professional networking site this year.


Extensive research is being done in many laboratories to investigate the role of synthetic hydrophobically-modified polymers and amphipathic proteins for their potential in phase-transfer, sequestration, and elimination of polluting hydrocarbons and surfactants. Our laboratory has begun a research program which is aimed at the development of a new class of environmentally benign biomaterials using the amphipathic proteins termed {open_quotes}hydrophobins{close_quotes} and an associated polysaccharide, schizophyllan. These biopolymers can stabilize oil dispersions, attach strongly to polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces rendering them hydrophilic, and can self-assemble into a stable, flexible membrane. Preliminary experiments in our laboratory and others have demonstrated the immense technological potential of this class of biomaterials for surface modification of membranes and coatings, fouling resistance, controlled delivery, protective encapsulation, and drag reduction.


Student satisfaction, effort, and performance were investigated in a junior-level, semester-long management simulation. Self-reported survey data and group performance measures supported the relationship between student participation and satisfaction.


As a new network architecture, Software Defined Networking (SDN) controls the network by software programming, which improves the flexibility of network configuration. However, the attack surface of SDN is larger than the traditional network. The three planes and the two channels all have vulnerability points, among which the attacks against the data plane are particularly critical. The attacks will interfere with the normal data forwarding behavior, resulting in the failure of the whole network data transmission. In this paper, a data plane abnormal behavior detection method based on flow rule analyzing is proposed. First, the characteristics of flow rules in terms of quantity, conflict and abnormal behaviors are extracted and analyzed, then a data plane abnormal state model is constructed, and finally, detection algorithm is used to detect abnormal behaviors, to assess whether the data plane state is safe. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately detect the data plane state anomalies. Compared with NetPlumber, our method can not only detect flow rule conflicts, but also detect the abnormal change trend in quantity of flow rules and malicious forwarding and packet loss caused by attacks.


PURPOSE: An artificial fish reef for holothurian culture is provided, which improves culture effectiveness by maximizing space utilization of a marine farming area. CONSTITUTION: An artificial fish reef for holothurian culture comprises: a plurality of gunnysacks(11) which sink to the bottom surface of marine farming area by weights; and a buoyant member(12) which is installed on the top of the gunnysack and enables the gunnysack to stand underwater. In the gunnysack, a plurality of drainage openings are formed in the location higher than weights piled in the gunnysack. On the top of the drainage opening, one or more opening for holothurian is formed.


Introduction: motivation and organization of results Complex symplectic spaces: fundamental concepts and definitions Symplectic weak topology Algebraic and arithmetic invariants: Hilbert structures Applications to the theory of symmetric linear operators Aftermath Acknowledgements Bibliography Index.


Thick, fully depleted p-channel charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). These CCDs have several advantages over conventional thin, n-channel CCDs, including enhanced quantum efficiency and reduced fringing at near-infrared wavelengths and improved radiation tolerance. Here we report results from the irradiation of CCDs with 12.5 and 55 MeV protons at the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron and with 0.1-1 MeV electrons at the LBNL 60Co source. These studies indicate that the LBNL CCDs perform well after irradiation, even in the parameters in which significant degradation is observed in other CCDs: charge transfer efficiency, dark current, and isolated hot pixels. Modeling the radiation exposure over a six-year mission lifetime with no annealing, we expect an increase in dark current of 20 e-/pixel/hr, and a degradation of charge transfer efficiency in the parallel direction of 3 times 10-6 and 1 times 10-6 in the serial direction. The dark current is observed to improve with an annealing cycle, while the parallel CTE is relatively unaffected and the serial CTE is somewhat degraded. As expected, the radiation tolerance of the p-channel LBNL CCDs is significantly improved over the conventional n-channel CCDs that are currently employed in space-based telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope.


One of the central claims in the international constitutionalism literature posits that, through the process of constitutionalisation, the nation-state can be overcome. Drawing on John Agnew, this paper shows that the international constitutionalism literature is caught in a 'territorial trap'. It argues that our conception of constitutionalism is profoundly shaped by the territorial logic of the state, and that, as a result, the linkage between constitutionalism and the state is deeper and more complex than has been previously acknowledged. By leaving the underlying territorial assumptions of constitutional law unproblematised, international constitutionalism, as it stands today, reinforces and re-enacts the state rather than overcoming it.


The paper indicated the content of class communication regulation of NCTM in America,showed a case discussion for class observation on the basis of class communication regulation.The research penetrated into four classes of four teachers whose contents are the same according to the six elements of class communication(organization,illustration,interaction,posing problems,feedback,assessment),and analyzing them with which they would be coordinated with class communication regulation or not.At last,the paper discussed three points from the leaning community in experiment(1) the characteristics of "nice" class communication;(2) the instruction strategy developing class communication;(3) solving problems(learning) process under optimization of class communication.


The essay examines the features of religious dissent – particularly in the form of unbelief – in Venice between the mid-seventeenth century and the 1740s. The period witnessed continuous overlapping between fragments of theories, ideas, convictions, which had lost most of their connections with the Protestant faith, and acquired a life of their own. Rather than identifying principles as genetically belonging to one or another tradition of nonconformity, thus, it becomes important to verify how different forms of cultural unrest met and entwine one another in a grey area: their traits blurred according to a dynamic logic of communication; individual elaboration stood out as the outcome of interpersonal interaction. Interaction and public communication is precisely what characterized a form of dissent that appears to have been loud rather than measured; dissimulation predominantly took the form of a selection of places and moments in which "rebel" discourses could go public: the ostentation of diversity was instrumental to the creation of a social identity. Debates worked therefore as stages somehow depriving of responsibility, free spaces of expression, in which theological-political contest marked a free zone where the discussion and presentation of beliefs and issues, even daring ones and for pleasure's sake, was possible.


This paper took the knowledge cooperation between the owner and contractor as study object, hypnotized that the owner and contractor accomplished the knowledge cooperative task in different construction engineering life cycle, and the owner gave the contractor cost subsidies. Then applied principle-agent theory into constructing the joint investment decision model on knowledge cooperation innovation for construction supply chain, solved and analyzed the model under sequential game and cooperative game condition. We find that under sequential game condition, the contractor gained more project value-adding sharing, and the output elastic coefficient is higher for the knowledge input stage, the contractor will put more resources into knowledge cooperative innovation in the knowledge input stage. Under cooperative game condition, the input resources and cost for the owner and contractor is higher than the sequential game condition. The objective is to provide a reliable decision and theory direction, thus to achieve project value-adding.


Several phosphorus acids (methyl- and phenylphosphonic, diphenylphosphinic, and ethyl phosphoric acids) were round to give inters on reaction with tert-butyldimethylsilanol. The reactions occurred simply on beating the reactants in an inert solvent (hexane or toluene). The reaction is reversible, and yields or inters were improved by continuous water removal. The dibasic acids gave either mono- or disilyl inters; the latter were more easily purified and characterized. The OH groups on the surface or silica gel were also round to react with various phosphorus acids under similar conditions to give surface-bonded esters. Products were characterized by CP/MAS 31 P and 28 Si NMR


The utility model discloses a wrench with a handle adjustable in length. The wrench comprises a handle sleeve, an adjusting rod, a first sleeve ring groove, a third sleeve ring groove, a radial hole, a second sleeve ring groove, positioning balls and a compression spring, wherein the front end of the handle sleeve is provided with a wrench head, the first sleeve ring groove, the second sleeve ring groove and the third sleeve ring groove are the same and are sequentially arranged in a hollow cylinder on the rear portion of the handle sleeve in the radial direction, the adjusting rod is arranged in the handle sleeve and is in clearance fit with the hollow cylinder of the handle sleeve, the radial hole is formed in the front portion of the adjusting rod in the radial direction, the compression spring is vertically arranged in the radial hole, and the two positioning balls are arranged on the two sides of the compression spring in the radial hole respectively. According to the wrench with the handle adjustable in the length, when the wrench is used, the length of the handle can be adjusted through adjustment of the length of the adjusting rod extending out of the handle sleeve, and the novel wrench is not like a sleeve which is easy to fall off and harmful to the human body.


Though circular buffer zones are commonly used in environmental equity assessment, the results obtained may not be entirely accurate because physical processes rarely operate in a perfectly symmetrical manner. An integrated approach, known as geographic plume analysis, accounts for directional biases in the distribution of hazards by using a chemical dispersion model to identify areas that are likely to be exposed to toxic releases. In this paper we implement, evaluate, and compare circular and plume-based approaches to environmental equity analysis in the city of Des Moines, Iowa. For each approach, three strategies were selected to define the spatial extent and form of the buffer used to compute the population at risk. In all cases, the analyses are based on census data units and on locations of hazardous facilities listed in EPA's 1994 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) database. At each toxic site we generated: (i) circles of radii 0.5 and 1 mile, and (ii) a composite plume footprint based on the chemical ...


Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine how teachers' constructions of youth inform their text selections, particularly as they relate to a problematic author.

Design/methodology/approach
As part of a larger, national study, the authors use interview data from 18 participants – 9 who still teach and 9 who no longer teach Alexie – to consider how teachers' constructions of youth play roles in their decisions to teach or avoid complex and controversial authors and topics, specifically the work and life of Sherman Alexie in the #MeToo era.

Findings
Findings suggest teachers who constructed youth through asset-based frameworks – as complex and capable – were likely to keep teaching Alexie or have conversations about the #MeToo movement. Teachers who constructed students in deficit ways, as "not ready," harkened back to Lesko's (2012) critique, and were more likely to either remove Alexie from the curriculum entirely or engage students in conversations about the text only, leaving Alexie's life out of the classroom.

Originality/value
Building on Lesko's work on constructions of adolescence and its intersection with Petrone et al.'s youth lens and Critical Youth Studies (e.g., Petrone and Lewis, 2021), this study describes the ways in which teachers' views of students served as rationales for their teaching decisions around whether, if or how to include the works and life of Sherman Alexie.


This study aims to identify and evaluate the biomass utilization options and evaluate the sustainable biomass production for combined heat and power (CHP) in Turkey. The total biomass energy potential of Turkey is about 32 Mtoe. The amount of usable biomass potential of Turkey is approximately 17 Mtoe. Among the biomass energy sources, fuel wood seems to be one of the most interesting because its share of the total energy production of Turkey is high at 21%. The use of biofuels for CHP on a large scale is focused mainly on forest industry sites, where considerable quantities of biomass are available. Biomass available for energy can be converted to different types of final energy (e.g., electricity, heat), of these, the production of electricity appears to be particularly important. While CHP provides several environmental benefits by making use of waste heat and waste products, air pollution is a concern any time fossil fuels or biomass are burned.


We present a novel laser printing path planning algorithm for geometric textures on mesh surfaces that overcomes the complex spatial intersection problems associated with traditional geometric texture laser printing trajectory planning on surface meshes. Our approach is based on an in-version-free parameterization of the mesh surface. Specifically, we employ the EBP low-distortion inversion-free parameterization algorithm to flatten the base surface onto a plane. From there, we generate layered slices of the planar geometric texture and place them within the parameter domain to obtain a planar layered reciprocating parameter trajectory. Finally, we utilize mapping segmentation linear and Bijective properties, as well as height field mapping methods, to construct a spatial trajectory. Experimental results show that our algorithm is efficient, robust, and highly scalable


To inquire into the mechanism of action which the eye acupuncture treat the apoplexy sequel and improve cerebral ischemia-reperfution;the rabbit model of acute cerebral ischemia were made.Through assay content of TXB 2,6 keto PGF 1α ,TXB 2/6 keto PGF 1α ,AⅡ and LPO in plasma and brain tissue each was observed target's changement.It is conclusion that the eye acupuncture therapy can reduce obviously TXB 2,TXB 2/6 keto PGF 1α and LPO in plasma which add after ischemia ( P0.05,P0.01) and inrease AⅡ (P0.05) .The eye acupuncture therapy decrease TXB 2,TXB 2/6 keto PGF 1α in brain tissue and increase 6 keto PGF 1α ,AⅡ in brain tissue,but seldom influence 6 keto PGF 1α in blood (P0.05) .It showed that the eye acupuncture therapy can apparently improve cerebral ischemia-reperfution and treat fairly well acute cerebral ischemia rabbit.It offered the theory basis for the treatment to apoplexy.


Objectives: To compare the retraction period between corticotomy-facilitated en-masse retraction and conventional en-masse retraction orthodontic treatment (control group); and to evaluate the facial profile changes in bimaxillary protrusion patients who are treated with corticotomy-facilitated en-masse retraction. Methods: The sample consisted of 1 male and 6 females nongrowing patients (average age = 20.10  1.85 years) with Class I bimaxillary protrusion who had the treatment plan required extract 4 first premolars to reduce lips protrusion. After leveled and aligned until completed on 0.016" X 0.022" stainless steel wire, the samples were treated with corticotomy and bone graft. Two weeks later, retracted canine and anterior teeth with T-loop until the space were closed. Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T1) and after retraction (T2). The retraction period of the corticotomy-facilitated en-masse retraction group was compared with the control group (7 females, average age = 22.40  2.37 years). The facial profile change was analyzed for difference between before and after retraction soft tissue variables, upper lip to E line and lower lip to E line. Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were used for statistical analysis, respectively. Results: In all patients, incisor and canine retraction was completed. The retraction period in corticotomy-facilitated en-masse retraction group showed less than conventional en-masse retraction group. (p < 0.05). The soft tissue changes were significant, whereas the upper lip to E line and lower lip to E line moved posteriorly -2.5  0.71 mm and -5.7  1.25 mm; p < 0.05, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study show that corticotomy-facilitated orthodontic treatment was retracted upper and lower six anterior teeth more rapidly than the conventional orthodontic treatment. This technique also improved the facial profile, decreased upper and lower lips protrusion in bimaxillary protrusion patients.


In this work we present an UHF band two-ray model for elevated antennas over a flat Earth, which consists of a ray that arrive at the receptor along a straight line and of a ray that arrive at the receptor after a ground reflection. This model is analyzed throughout two manners for parallel polarization: with and without approximations regarding to the summation of the electric fields at the point of reception. For the model analyzed without approximations, an ideal dipole is assumed as a transmitting aerial and a vectorial analysis is accounted. For the model analyzed with approximations, only an algebraic sum is carried out. For parallel polarization, the vertical and horizontal components of electric field are compared. After that, a comparison between these two manners is made, and an analysis of the error versus r distance is provided.


This study has ranged widely; I shall now narrow its orbit and focus sharply on the American scene. The first case of malpractice to be carried to an American court of appeal, so far as I can discover, was that of Cross v. Guthery , decided by the Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut in 1794 (2 Root 90, 1 Am. Dec. 61). The plaintiff brought an "action on the case" against the defendant, a "practicing physician who professed to be skilled in surgery." The plaintiff alleged that his wife had a "scrofulous humor" in one of her breasts which required its removal and that he employed the defendant, who performed the operation "in so unskillful and cruel a manner, that the plaintiff's wife survived by but three hours." The plaintiff prayed for damages in the sum of £1,000 to cover his costs and expense and to repay him for the


The basic solution to "three rural" questions is to develop the rural manpower resources and improve the qualities of labour force.Shaanxi has plenty of manpower resources,but the entire quality is relatively low,which is caused by the combined action of history,systems and perceptions.We should change our minds and give the rein to government.And the vocational education should be included in the compulsory education stage so as to quicken the developing of rural manpower resources in Shaanxi.


Hybrid PET/MRI is an emerging approach to simultaneously investigate the connection of intrinsic metabolic with functional brain changes. In this work, we propose an image analysis workflow for longitudinal PET/MRI study in Juvenile-onset Huntington's Disease(JoHD) aiming to evaluate progressive disease-related volumetric, functional, and metabolic alterations. This examination/methodology could be very useful in the characterization of the rapidly worsening course of this degenerative pathology. Also, our main contribution lays in the multimodal hybrid PET/MRI data-fusion approach to identify features as potential markers of JoHD progression, and to support future trials in test drugs and treatments.


7002Background: ZUMA-3 is a Phase 1/2 multicenter study evaluating KTE-X19, an autologous anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy, in adult pts with R/R B-ALL. Phase 1 efficacy results at the recommended Phas...


Imipenem for carbapenem resistance to both antibiotics,the drug for PBPs affinity is strong,with broad antibacterial spectrum,strong antibacterial activity,enzyme resistance,and stable.The clinical commonly used with dehydrogenation of peptide inhibitors of cilastatin equivalent ratio of mixture agent imipenem cilastatin(Imipenem and Cilastatin). Targeted at G + and G aerobic and anaerobic bacteria,as well as serious infections and sepsis better. But for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),coagulase-negative staphylococci,addicted maltophilia,mycobacteria, chlamydia,mycoplasma,etc. often resistant.Imipenem for time dependent antibacterial,antimicrobial effect and administering time closely related,this article mainly through pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,clinical administration time,in the present study and the main problems facing the direction of future research to elaborate.


Repetitive acute intermittent hypoxia (rAIH) is a promising therapeutic strategy to induce spinal plasticity and improve respiratory and non‐respiratory function after chronic, incomplete spinal cord injury. Although brief rAIH exposures (< 2 weeks) have proven safe in rodent models and humans with cSCI, the safety profile of prolonged rAIH exposures is unknown. This is an essential step in the translation of rAIH to treat humans with respiratory and non‐respiratory paralysis due to injury and/or disease. Here we report an absence of detectable respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, renal, liver and osteological pathologies after prolonged rAIH (3 months) in rats. Beginning 8 weeks post‐injury spinally intact rats, or rats with C2 hemisections (C2Hx) were treated 4 times per week for 3 months with: 1) rAIH (10, 5 min episodes of 10.5% O2; 5 min normoxic intervals) versus 2) sham normoxia. Whole body plethysmography was conducted following the exposures to assess respiratory function in spontaneously breathing rats. To assess cardiovascular pathology: 1) arterial blood pressure was assessed in urethane anesthetized rats, and 2) the heart and aorta were processed for histological analyses. To assess neurological pathology, the cortex, hippocampus and cervical spinal cord were harvested and histology was used to assess possible gliosis and/or cell death. The liver and kidney were processed for histological analyses, and all tissues are being evaluated by a board certified veterinary pathologist. Lastly changes in bone density were evaluated in the left and right humerus bones using microcomputed tomography. No differences in respiratory or cardiovascular function were observed following rAIH exposures (n = 8–12 per group; all P > 0.50), nor did we observe any evidence of pathology in the heart, aorta, liver or kidney. We found no evidence of hippocampal cell death and/or reactive gliosis based on cressyl violet, NeuN, cd11b and GFAP staining. Bone density analyses are pending, but preliminary results indicate significant bone loss only as a result of C2Hx, but not rAIH. These results add to a building body of evidence that prolonged, "low dose" rAIH is a safe, simple and effective means to improve respiratory and non‐respiratory motor function after chronic spinal cord injury.


The unweaned young of most burrowing animals are difficult to capture because they are not easily baited into traps. I have found dynamite effective in catching young black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Success of this method depends on locating the young animals on their initial emergence or so early in their above-ground experience that they are acquainted with only their own burrow. When a family of young is located, a small crowbar or auger hole is made directly above their tunnel, but not penetrating to it. This hole is as far from the burrow entrance as possible, usually above the point at which the gently sloping tunnel turns sharply downward. The direction and distance of this point from the burrow entrance can be determined by probing with the crowbar or examining the tunnel with a flashlight. A charge consisting of a 1-inch slice from a stick of dynamite and an electric detonator is inserted into the auger hole with dirt tamped over it. The first 10 or 12 feet of detonator wire are buried in a shallow trench, then the remainder is strung to a point 50 to 100 yards away. By careful selection of this point, wires can radiate outward to several charged burrows. A place that offers concealment has advantages, but if the trapper remains low and minimizes his movements the young animals are seldom alarmed by his presence. When the young next appear, usually about the same hour the following day, the explosive is detonated by a battery. A properly placed charge collapses the hole, and the young prairie dogs, unfamiliar with other escape routes, try vainly to get into their burrow. The trapper merely has to run over and pick them up. In two seasons of trapping, with a catch of more than 75 young prairie dogs, only 1 was injured by the explosions. Received for publication June 15, 1961.


Project EnROLE has been a two year $200,000 ALTC project to encourage uptake of online role based learning environments, with particular focus on what is commonly referred to by us as role play. Role play is widely acknowledged to be a powerful teaching technique in face to face, blended and online teaching contexts and has been previously singled out as an example of good practice by ALTC predecessors: CAUT, CUTSD and AUTC. The project goal was to encourage uptake of online role based learning environments using the strategy of building a community of practice at university, state and national levels which would better reward and recognise teachers already using role play and scaffold teachers wanting to get started with role play. Starting with the core team based at 5 NSW universities, Project EnROLE's community building activities have exceeded expectations, resulting in 26 outcomes (Table 1) involving hundreds of teachers Australia-wide, which affirms EnROLE's Dissemination Model of cascading university clusters and state networks. The BLUE Report describes these outcomes and achievements in 4 sections representing 4 phases of the project: Building, Linking, Understanding and Extending. The key finding is that a good practice database (repository) cannot be built without simultaneously building a community of practice and that the role of connector/broker is essential for community development. The BLUE report serves as a guide for educators interested in the field of online role play to assist them in identifying and accessing available resources. It also provides guides and frameworks of a more generic nature about Peer Review, Partnerships, Fellowships, Leadership and Uptake. Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details This report was originally published as Wills, S et al, Encouraging role based online learning environments, The BLUE Report, Australian Learning and Teaching Council, 2009. Authors Sandra Wills, E. Rosser, E. Devonshire, E. Leight, C. Russell, and J. Shepherd This report is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow.edu.au/asdpapers/116 the GREEN report Growing • Reflecting • Enabling • Engaging • Networking A Report on Leadership for Capacity Development encouraging role based online learning environments  enrole.uow.edu.au Sandra Wills • Elizabeth Rosser • Elizabeth Devonshire • Elyssebeth Leigh • Carol Russell • John Shepherd • 2009  BLUE repor t enrole.uow.edu.au The project promised eleven deliverables which are described in this BLUE Report as project achievements under four headings that represent four phases of the project: Building Linking Understanding Extending


Introduction: Posterior capsular opacification is the most common delayed complication of cataract surgery with IOL implantation. This results due to proliferation and migration of reminant epithelial cells that form clump and fibrosis on the posterior lens capsule leading to posterior capsular opacification(PCO). Method: The cases for Nd-Yag laser posterior capsulotomy were collected from amongst those attending the ophthalmology OPD of Nehru chikitsalay, Gorakhpur in period of one year (May 2015 to June 2016). Patients were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria according to study requirement and observations were made for outcomes. Observations: The observations made on the basis of our study are as follows: Maximum eyes (52%) were in the age group 50-60 years. Male (61.7%) outnumbered female(38.3%) in ratio of 3:2. Maximum number of cases need YAG laser capsulotomy between the period of 36 months -60 months. Thick white opacification type of PCO required maximum energy and maximum shots. Post-YAG Laser capsulotomy visual improvement is 87.3% in 6/12 to 6/6. 5.1% cases shows no change. Most frequent complications is rise of intra ocular pressure. Conclusion: Depending upon the thickness/density of PCO three types of PCO's were encountered. Most frequent complication is rise of IOP, which is mainly seen in eyes exposed to total laser energy level of >40mJ or above, this rise of IOP respond well to timolol 0.5%. When the energy levels are raise, the complications also raises, thus to minimize this number of settings should be increased. It is safe and readily acceptable to patients. Access this article online Website: www.innovativepublication.com DOI: 10.5958/2395-1451.2016.00058.5 Introduction Intraocular lens implantation is widely popular visual rehabilitation following cataract extraction. One of the most common delayed complication of SICS with intraocular lens implantation is proliferation and migration of reminant epithelial cells that may form clumps or fibrosis on the posterior lens capsule leading to posterior capsule opacification. There are three main sources of cells with a potential to cause opacification of capsular bag. 1. Cuboidal epithelial cells lining the anterior capsule these have no propensity for migration, they undergo fibrous metaplasia and proliferate in situ. 2. The cells at the equatorial lens bow have an increased level of mitotic activity. These cells are migratory, therefore they grow along the posterior capsule giving rise to bladder cells. 3. Finally, the residual cortical fibers from the equatorial lens bow becomes dislodged and float freely with in the bag. They may remain localized or migrate centrally into the visual axis. Posterior capsule opacification(PCO) produce a wide ranging visual symptoms of differing severity ,usually by directly blocking the visual axis. Opacification of the ocular media affects the visual recovery by impending light through the eye. The retention and subsequent proliferation of cells(lens epithelium) with in the bag gives rise to posterior capsular opacification. This process of thickening of posterior capsule is further enhanced by the surgical insult causing a blood aqueous barrier break down. Inflammatory products such as leucocytes, proteins, erythrocytes and fibrin released during and in around 20% form membrane. At least 28% of eyes develop PCO with in 5years after surgery, although nearly 100% opacification occurs in cases of children. The incidence of posterior capsular opacification ranges from 15-30% in 3-5years after surgery. The interval between surgery and opacification time ranges from 3months to 4years with an average opacification time being 26 months. PCO can be treated by primary and secondary capsulotomy, but these procedures are associated with a lot of disadvantages. Various treatment modalities are suggested for posterior capsule opacification e.g. surgical dissection and Nd-YAG laser. Today Nd-YAG Pankaj Soni et al. Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and visual outcome Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, July-September,2016;2(3): 271-277 272 laser posterior capsulotomy is the most widely accepted procedure owing to its easiness, effectiveness and noninvasive technique to improve the visual acuity. The name ND-YAG is derived from the Neodymium ion which is doped in to an Yttrium Aluminium Garnet crystal. The development of 1064 nm solid state ND -YAG laser took place in 1970's at the Bern eye clinic under Di Franz Frankhouser. The clinically useful laser effects in biologic tissues includes photochemical effects (Photoradiation & Photoablation), thermal effects (photocoagulation, photovapourization), ionizing effects (photodisruption). Photodisruption can be defined as the use of high peak power ionizing laser pulses to disrupt tissue. The most widely employed laser medium to produce optical photo distruption is Neodymium. Yttrium –Aluminium -Garnet(Nd-YAG) laser with the major fundamental output 1064nm in the infrared range. One of the most frequent and most successful application of the photo disruptive property of Nd-YAG laser is, laser posterior capsulotomy done in the treatment of opacified post capsules and secondary cataract. Nd-Yag laser capsulotomy has many advantages over primary or secondary capsulotomy. It is noninvasive and less time consuming and can be done as an outdoor procedure with better patient acceptability. There are many complications associated with NdYag laser. Rise in intraocular pressure occurs in first few hours after the procedure and there are chances of persistent dangerous pressure elevation. Retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema are well known complication following the YAG laser capsulotomy. A large number of pulse can produce corneal endothelial damage. IOL damage may occurs. The management with Nd-Yag laser is now widely applied as latest technique now a days. So in an attempt to find out different factors for posterior capsular opacification after SICS with IOL. Like types of PCO, laser energy required and visual outcome of YAG capsulotomy as well as complications of YAG laser application, this study is being taken up. Study period1year Study design-Cross-Sectional Study. Sample size256 eyes. N=4Pq/L Where P=proportion of patients who get benefited from Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy. P=80%. (ref; Hossain MI, Hossain MA, Hossain MJ outcome Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy JAFMC Bangladesh, Vol 5, No.2(December)2009; 29-31. q=100-P. L=Allowable error as 5% for study. N=4×80×20/5×5 N=256. Eyes. Aims and Objectives The aims & objectives of this study are: 1. To assess the visual outcome after ND-Yag laser capsulotomy. 2. Types & grades of post capsule thickening. 3. Laser energy shots related complications. Incidence and Factors Influencing P.C.O.: The incidence of posterior capsular opacification after SICS with IOL was analysed by several authors. Nishi (1986) noted a significantly lower incidence of posterior capsule opacification after SICS in eyes with a posterior chamber IOL (7%) than in eyes without an IOL (15%). Liesegang and co-authors (1993) noted the opacification with and with-out IOL to be 14.5% and 22.1% respectively. Polishing the capsule at the initial surgery does neither decrease the frequency of opacification nor delay it. Peng Q; Pandey SK; Visessook N: (2000) analyse the surgical prevention of posterior capsule opacification and intraocular lens optic barrier effect as a second line of defense. He concluded that the barrier effect of the IOL optic appears to be of critical importance in retarding in growth of cells, functioning as a second line of defense when cortical cleanup is incomplete. Analysis of PCIOL obtained postmortem showed that a square, truncated optic edge seemed to provide the maximum impediment to cell growth behind the IOL optic. Lieberman HL; Sanders DR; Kraff MC (1985) studied that an age-related tendency toward membrane formation, with nearly 100% of paediatric patients developing capsular clouding within 2 years of surgery. In general, the older the human patient, the lower the frequency of capsular opacification. The rate may drop below 10% in patients over the age of 70 Auffarth GU; Nimsgern C; Tetz MR; Volcker HE: (1997) analysed the energy levels for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in secondary cataract. They examined 172 patients, aged 67.3+/ -15.9 years, concerning energy levels required for Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. They analysed the influence of age, implant duration, IOL fixation and ocular conditions on total energy and repetition rate of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Nd:YAG laser capsulotomies were performed on average 28.2+/ 17.7 months postoperatively: The average total energy used was 12.7+/ -9.4 mJ. Visual acuity (Pre-YAGwas 0.3+/ -0.2. In the control group there was no correlation between energy and implant duration or age (P>0.43). 26 patients required a second Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. The intensity and number of YAG energy applications depend on the type of capsule opacification. To begin a capsulotomy an energy setting of 1 mJ and single shots are advisable. Lowest level energy pulse that will open the capsule should be advisable. Most capsulotomies can be performed with single Q-switched pulses between 1 and 3 mJ. Shots should be placed at the tension lines result in the largest opening per shot since the tension causes the initial Pankaj Soni et al. Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and visual outcome Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, July-September,2016;2(3): 271-277 273 opening to retract. An adequate opening can be made with 5 to 20 shots. The burst-mode should not be used in the presence of an intraocular lens since the damage threshold for PMMA decreases with repetitive pulses through the same area. With the He-Ne aiming beam anymore. Denser fibrotic opacification may require higher energy or multiple bursts. Operative Complications: Damage to Intra Ocular Lens is the most freque


ABSTRACT This article analyses to what extent the incorporation of women into the labour market and their consequent economic contribution to family income affects couple's relationships. We focus particularly on Spanish couples, using a qualitative method that consists of 48 in-depth interviews of 16 couples. The partners in each couple were first interviewed together and then separately. From the analysis of the interviews, we have identified three types of dual-income couples: 'traditional', 'egalitarian' and 'false egalitarian' couples. According to our findings, these three types of couples differ in the meaning that men and women attribute to money and in the dynamics and processes related to the control and expenditure of money. Whereas for the majority of women money is linked to personal autonomy, their salaries do not automatically generate a balance between the partners. Moreover, despite social changes, gender socialisation and gender roles persist within the couple, reinforcing, for instance, the belief that men symbolically remain the main providers in dual-income couples.


In the past few years significant progress has been made in manipulation of reproduction and in development of genetic engineering techniques which can be applied to animal species. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are now used widely in the livestock industry. The advent of non-surgical embryo collection and transfer, embryo freezing and splitting along with estrus synchronization has allowed the industry to move from the laboratory to the farm. Embryo manipulation now involves embryo splitting to produce monozygotic twins, in vitro fertilization, cross-species fertilization, embryo sexing, and chimeric production of tetraparental animals among others. Advances in recombinant DNA, plasmid construction and embryo manipulation technologies allow the production of genetically engineered animals. The application of recombinant DNA technology involves the isolation and manipulation of desired genes which have potential for significant changes in productivity in genetically engineered livestock. Rec...


SEVERAL YEARS ago, the question of overloading transformers for short times arose. This in turn brought up the question of insulation deterioration with both temperature and time.


cysts constitute 7% of all cases [7], 95% of which are of metastatic and 5% of which are of primary character (pheochromocytoma – tumor of the medulla of the adrenal glands – 3% , adrenocortical carcinoma – 2%) [8]. The prevalence of adrenal cysts in the population of Italy in postmortem studies is 0.064-0.18% [9], 1.4-5.7% in postmortem studies in the population of United States [7], 0.35-4.4% in CT examinations performed due to various reasons in the population of United States. Usually adrenal cysts are present in patients aged 30-60 years [10, 11], 62% of patients are females and 38% are males [10], and they are bilateral in 10% of cases [7]. Non-traumatic causes of adrenal cyst haemorrhage include: infection, asphyxia in newborns, coagulation disorders, perinatal stress, tumors of the adrenal gland, and idiopathic factors [7, 12]. Symptomatic cysts are the most common, constituting 67% of cases


We investigate the maximum likelihood (ML) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of multiple wideband sources in the presence of unknown nonuniform sensor noise. New closed-form expression for the direction estimation Cramér-Rao-Bound (CRB) has been derived. The performance of the conventional wideband uniform ML estimator under nonuniform noise has been studied. In order to mitigate the performance degradation caused by the nonuniformity of the noise, a new deterministic wideband nonuniform ML DOA estimator is derived and two associated processing algorithms are proposed. The first algorithm is based on an iterative procedure which stepwise concentrates the log-likelihood function with respect to the DOAs and the noise nuisance parameters, while the second is a noniterative algorithm that maximizes the derived approximately concentrated log-likelihood function. The performance of the proposed algorithms is tested through extensive computer simulations. Simulation results show the stepwise-concentrated ML algorithm (SC-ML) requires only a few iterations to converge and both the SC-ML and the approximately-concentrated ML algorithm (AC-ML) attain a solution close to the derived CRB at high signal-to-noise ratio.


The period of online didactic activities, caused by Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, offered teachers and students the opportunity to focus more on what is essential, on the elements with qualitative impact, on abilities and skills, rather than on content and peripheral elements (Botnariuc Cucoș, 2020). From this perspective, the use of interactive methods in teaching and in solving cooperative learning assignments was one of the strategies used by teachers to maintain interest in learning, to strengthen the teaching process and to promote intellectual, verbal, social and emotional exchanges among students.Our study focuses on the opinions of teachers from primary and lower secondary schools regarding the impact, the effectiveness of interactive methods in online didactic activities. The study involved focus group discussions and the selection of the most often used interactive methods (clustering technique, quadrants, conceptual maps, starbursting, brainstorming, quintet, think-pair-share, lotus blossom technique etc.) to be transposed into items in the questionnaire used in the research. The information gathered was interpreted using the SPSS analysis. The results of the study provide a data base and a possible framework to facilitate eLearning and a possible working strategy for primary and lower secondary school teachers to ensure students effective interactive learning experiences.


Because of the threats from denial of service(DoS) and distributed denial of service(DDoS) Attack, a detection and response system to defend the two kinds of attacks has been designed and implemented. After discussing the features of various DoS attack, we proposed a common attack detection algorithm and the relevant response strategy and actions. Our system is clear and lightweight in its architecture, easy for updation, and accurate in detection. Its real application has shown that it can effectively detect and defend the common DoS attacks.


The probe into the science of genetics, in particular human genetics, has in recent years increased by leaps and bounds, not only in the understanding of its intricacy, but also in its possible human application. Yet, to many—including students of medicine—much still remains a mystery if not nebulosity. Furthermore, the understanding and application of human genetics extend well beyond the boundaries of science and medicine. Instead, they border enormously into the realm of legal, moral, social, and psychological implications. The Troubled Helix: Social and Psychological Implications of the New Human Genetics is a collection of many authors' thoughts on human genetics and aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge of the above areas.


Abstract

Vocational School (SMK) is a continuation of the Junior High School (Junior) in
which SMK merupan an option for students who will determine what direction they took to
work later.
In Bali there are few qualified Vocational High School, one of which SMK Health
Sanjiwani Gianyar. Health SMK Sanjiwani success in producing graduates Herzliya is not
the role of the teachers who are professionals in the health and delivery systems with good
learning materials so that students can be received well too. Because of the relatively new
vocational school was in desperate need of Gianyar Sanjiwani media campaign to promote
all of the school community, especially the students who will continue the level sokolah SMA /
SMK.
Analysis of the data used in this task is a comparative method of qualitative
descriptive analysis. Because in researching a group of people, an object, a condition, a
system of thought or one class of events in the present through an analysis of causality.
Concepts used in the design of visual communication media is Informative Education because
in this case I want to create a design that is easily understood and capable of providing
adequate information in accordance with the objectives
Media - media that will be designed such that Posters, Stickers, X-Banners, Folders,
CD + Interactive, Interactive Package + CD, T-Shirt, Canvas Bag, Transit Advertising and
catalog Final. Designed with the expectation that media can provide information about the
appeal and Health SMK Sanjiwani Gianyar.
iv
Keywords: Health SMK Sanjiwani Gianyar, Analysis of data, Concepts, Visual Communication Media.


We would like to comment on the paper by Satin and colleagues,1 which reports an update of a mortality investigation on two cohorts of petroleum refinery workers. The authors claim that one of the major aims of their study was the assessment of "health risks relative to more contemporary levels of exposure and work environments". Nevertheless, they explicitly admit that a previous investigation in such cohorts,2 using the population of California as referent, found a strong "healthy worker effect" (that is, a significantly lower than expected mortality risk from cardiovascular disease and lung cancer). In our opinion, this observation, along with some other drawbacks, only in part expressly acknowledged in the paper, might have biased most of the results obtained, leading the authors to draw unreliable conclusions. We shall discuss this issue in detail, illustrating the main possible biases and how we believe they should have been interpreted.

Exposure effects should be assessed in cohort studies by comparing the exposed cohorts with at least an unexposed one, as similar as possible in all relevant aspects.3

The new results by Satin et al have confirmed the occurrence of the"healthy worker effect" observed in the previous follow up. Such a finding may indicate a comparison bias concealing the associations, if any, between exposure and health risks.2 In fact, occupational cohorts may differ from the general population in many features that have been associated with various risk factors, including socioeconomic status and personal habits.3 The presence of a comparison bias, at least in the Richmond refinery cohort, seems to be suggested by the risk for leukaemia in the subgroup with the shortest duration of employment (⩽5 years), which is more than four times lower than the referent population (and nearly seven times lower than those of workers who …


IN a previous paper [McMichael, 1932] it was shown that adrenaline constricted the portal venous ramifications within the liver, thus confirming the views of others, e.g. Fran,ois-Franck and Hallion [1896], and Griffith and Emery [1930], that the post-ganglionic splanchnic nerves passing into the liver carry constrictor fibres to the portal venu.les. In addition, it was shown that when the splanchnic arterioles dilated with the fall in arterial pressure after adrenaline injection, there occurred a secondary rise in portal pressure, due to increased inflow into the portal system. Since recent work by Pick [1931], and by Grab, Janssen and Rein [1929], has tended to stress the importance of the hepatic vascular bed in regulating the flow of blood to the right heart, it is desirable to know whether there is a parasympathetic supply having the converse effect of adrenaline and the sympathetic nerves on the hepatic vascular system. It was thought that acetylcholine might yield a clue to this problem, and the series of experiments detailed in this paper was therefore carried out, as a corollary to the work with adrenaline.


The simple reactor/separator process with recycle has recently been used as a benchmark case to gain insights into the problem of plantwide control structure selection. This paper explores the use of a balanced control scheme aimed at improving the disturbance rejection capabilities of the controlled process. The idea is to change the operating conditions in both the reactor and the separator so that the composition control effort in the presence of production rate changes is distributed. To this end, a parallel control structure is proposed where the product composition is regulated by means of simultaneous feedback manipulations of the vapor boilup rate and the reactor temperature. In this way, the use of the reactor temperature as a secondary control input reduces the snowball effects reflected in large vapor boilup rate changes in response to relatively small production rate changes. Nonlinear simulations show that effective composition control can be obtained with moderate vapor boilup control efforts.


ABSTRACT Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used to conduct the IRB1410 robot spray painting experiments to investigate the surface characteristics of Cold Rolled close Annealed (CRCA) steel workpiece. The main parameter of spray painting is considered as Distance (D), Pressure (P) and Speed (S) of the Robot. The nanopaint is prepared through the ultra-sonication process for robot spray painting applications. To optimise the robot process parameters and to achieve the accuracy level, the fuzzy expert system is integrated with Taguchi analysis. The developed truth valued fuzzy logic model is assessed the surface roughness by robot nanopaint with Carbon Nanotube (CNT). ANOVA is used to identify the noteworthy factors influencing surface roughness in robot painting process and validated using the empirical regression model. Based on the model, the influence of Robot painting process parameters on surface roughness is analysed by using the sensitivity analysis method. Further, the Neural Network model is used to predict the thickness variation of Nano painted workpiece and compared the results with experimental values.


Volunteering in developing countries is becoming popular for pharmacists and student pharmacists. Additionally, students may receive academic credit for these experiences. It is rare, however, for these internships to be structured and precepted by a practising pharmacist with significant experience working in the local environment. This letter reports a structured practical experience in Ghana for six student pharmacists from the University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Canada), who received academic credit for their time spent in Ghana. The rotation occurred over 5 weeks in March to April 2012 and the primary instructor was a practising pharmacist in Canada who had previously spent 1 year in Ghana developing and coordinating health and medical internships. Local staff at each placement site (described below) were designated as supervisors for the students' daily work. The objectives by the end of the rotation were to describe contributions of pharmacists in international health settings, to perform daily pharmacy-related activities at a supervised placement site, to create and disseminate at least one health promotion project and to describe pharmacotherapy and treatment principles for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/ AIDS. In order to accomplish these objectives, the rotation consisted of three core components: a supervised placement, weekly therapeutic topic discussions and a major health promotion/education project. The rotation was supplemented with smaller health promotion projects and cultural integration activities. The students also had the opportunity to visit different regions of Ghana, in order to observe pharmacy practice and health needs of communities throughout the country. Placement sites consisted of an urban hospital, three rural clinics, an out-patient pharmacy and multiple chemical shops (selling analgesics, antimalarials and herbal products) in various localities. Medications were available at each establishment, with chemist shops being the most limited in terms of medication availability (some examples include: antibiotics, antimalarial drugs, antihistamines, cough and cold preparations, herbal products and non-narcotic analgesics). Students worked alongside local staff at each site.All activities were completed under supervision of placement staff and in correspondence with the preceptor from Canada. Students engaged in medication dispensing, counselling and patient education, assistance with physical assessments, health record documentation, diagnostic and laboratory assessments and administrative activities. The health promotion project was based on needs reported by local health workers, and content covered both sanitation (hand hygiene, waste management) and principles of medication use (purpose of medications, dosage instructions, adverse effects). The students developed the presentation in collaboration with both local staff and the preceptor in Canada. The presentation was given verbally in English and the local dialect of the audience (translated by a community member). Students used visual aids and interactions with the audience where applicable. Topic discussions were an integral part of the rotation and covered the disease states of malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/ AIDS. Leading questions were developed by the preceptor and distributed to students throughout the rotation. The students were also supplied with treatment guidelines and primary literature as resources for discussions. Students were expected to relate their learning to each practice site they encountered and to compare and contrast diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of these conditions between placement sites. Each week, the preceptor spent approximately 1 hour with the students facilitating discussion and ensuring learning points were achieved. Students were evaluated by the staff at placement sites and the instructor in Canada. Evaluations were based on a standardized form from the University of Saskatchewan Structured Practical Experiences Program. The domains of the form included demonstration of learning, communication with instructors and patients, attendance and reliability, task accomplishment, professionalism, leadership and decisionmaking, integration into the workplace, preparedness for topic discussions and overall assessment. Students were asked to evaluate the rotation with respect to satisfaction, meeting of objectives, strengths and areas to improve for both the rotation and preceptorship, and an overall assessment. Student feedback was favourable, with specific comments incorporated into future directions described below. bs_bs_banner


The rise of the water level in the river during the floods determines the size and depth of the flooded area and the amount of social and economic damage. By the issue of reducing or eliminating the social and economic damage is based on selection effective ways of engineering protection of settlements from flooding. One of the most important indicators to address it should be considered the danger of flooding. The concept of «degree of flood risk» is inextricably linked with the rise of water level during the flood. Rising water levels during floods directly sets the degree of risk to development of coastal areas.


outline the way forward (Chapter 8). The issue of land reform – notably making land a tradable commodity – is closely linked to the rise of social inequality. The central government response to the 2007 financial crisis resulted in increased debt levels through the mortgaging of public land in urban areas. With the government's stimulus package requiring regional and local authorities to co-fund 70 percent of expenditure, the latter were forced to use public land to leverage loans as one revenue-generating measure. The resulting property boom fuelled inequality among city dwellers (Chapter 11). However, a more positive prospect exists in improved possibilities for the state to transfer collective land rights to individuals in rural areas. Though there is a danger of this leading to the further proletarianization and impoverishment of a majority of the rural population, the authors see it as a path towards higher rural incomes through a more efficient use of land (Chapter 12). The outlook for the future remains mixed – some authors are rather pessimistic, while others see chances for progress. The book certainly deserves attention from social partners, policy-makers and academics looking into global economic and social imbalances and ways of making economic growth compatible with decent work.