OBJECTIVE
To determine effectiveness of receipt of care from podiatrist and lower extremity clinician specialists (LEC specialists) on diabetes mellitus (DM)-related lower extremity amputation.

DATA SOURCES
Medicare 5 percent sample claims, 1991-2007.

STUDY DESIGN
Individuals with DM-related lower extremity complications (LECs) were followed 6 years. Visits with podiatrists, LEC specialists, and other health professionals were tracked to ascertain whether receipt of such care reduced the hazards of an LEC amputation.

DATA COLLECTION
Individuals were stratified based on disease severity, Stage 1--neuropathy, paresthesia, pain in feet, diabetic amyotrophy; Stage 2--cellulitis, charcot foot; Stage 3--ulcer; Stage 4--osteomyelitis, gangrene.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Half the LEC sample died within 6 years. More severe lower extremity disease increased risk of death and amputation. Persons visiting a podiatrist and an LEC specialist within a year before developing all stage complications were between 31 percent (ulceration) and 77 percent (cellulitis and charcot foot) as likely to undergo amputation compared with individuals visiting other health professionals.

CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with an LEC had high mortality. Visiting both a podiatrist and an LEC specialist in the year before LEC diagnosis was protective of undergoing lower extremity amputation, suggesting a benefit from multidisciplinary care.


The ISO standard ISO/IEC 17799/SS-627799-2 is a guidance for organizations to realize their information security goals. In spite of this standard, studies show flaws regarding information security ...


It is commonly considered that the development of small and medium enterprises in Poland is limited first of all due to capital barriers. While not challenging this opinion, one should, however, pay attention to another barrier such as the maintenance of a tendency towards retaining full independence and autonomy by companies from those groups. Inclusion in the group constituting the network is an option of a new activity form. The formation of a network and its functioning requires that its participants develop rules for co-operation and mutually respect their independence. Observation of enterprises operating in a network clearly suggests that maintaining functioning correct cannot be limited to standard tasks of controlling. It becomes necessary to perceive new tasks related not only to basic operations but also to logistic circumstances of network functioning. Selected tasks of the logistic controlling in enterprise networks will be discussed in the paper.


The environmental biophysical units (EBU) were delineated and characterized by means of environmental indicators in Milpa Alta, Central Mexico. At the first stage the Geomorphogenetics units which served as a base to obtain the EBUs were delineated. In order to check EBU´s delineation and taking of soil/vegetation samples surveys fieldwork campaigns were carried out. By means of laboratory analysis, soils were characterized considering physical and chemical properties. Environmental indicators of relief, climate, soils, vegetation and land use factors were obtained. EBU´s were characterized considering elevation, slope, temperature, rainfall, soil humidity, organic matter, bulk density, pH, and land use/cover. Dominant relief types of EBU´s in the sampling sites were high, medium and lower mountain slopes constituted by lavas flows, external and internal high mountain slopes of cinder cone, high and lower hill slopes of high and medium hills, local accumulative piedmont, local accumulative piedmont of medium and lower hill slopes and alluvial plain. EBU´s characterization by means of environmental indicators allows with basic information in the making decision process for adequate natural resources management and environmental planning.


Shipping was estimated, in 2007, to be responsible for 3.3% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Scenarios for future growth in transport demand suggest that this share could substantially increase in the next 40 years, and without regulation the growth in emissions associated with that demand growth would be uncontrolled. Modelling can be used to understand the potential trajectories of emissions from the shipping industry and its potential development and impacts under foreseeable economic scenarios. Modelling can also be used to estimate the response (in terms of changes to those emissions trajectories and impacts on the industry) due to hypothetical regulation and policies. This paper proposes methods for conceptualizing the different components of the shipping industry for these purposes.


Aiming to the current disease knowledge organization and prblems in retrieval system,this paper proposed that based on the knowledge of ideological tissue disease field,using Protege3.4.4 build tool,according to seven-step method,attempted to construct a disease ontology,established a domain ontology model of disease field initially.Finally this paper described how to evolve disease domain ontology,provided some practical experience for achieving the orderly organization and effective use of the disease field resources.


In this paper, the problem of electromagnetic stress tensor of the oblate spheroidal conductor in an electric field is studied. By means of the similar corresponding relation of the stress tensor between the magnetostatic and the electrostatic case, the solution obtained here for electrostatics could be conveniently applied to the magnetostatic problem. It follows that some significant conclusions have been obtained.


This paper analysis that the member can able to raise load capacity level through usually strengthening ways by different early loading.It is more important that evaluation of strengthening of bending member by early loading.We should take different precautions.


An examination of the absorbance spectrum of the Zak cholesterol reaction, made with two brands of commercially available reagent-grade glacial acetic acid, showed not only the expected peak at 560 mµ, but an additional, higher peak at about 490 mµ. A specially purified glacial acetic acid did not show this 490 mµ peak. Conversely, increasing the ratio of color reagent to glacial acetic acid from 0.8 to 1.2 (v/v) greatly increased the height of the absorbance peak at 480 mµ and eliminated the 560 mµ peak. Under optimum conditions of time and color-reagent concentrations, the 480 mµ peak affords approximately double the sensitivity for cholesterol as compared to the 560 mµ peak. Finally, it was observed that the reported interference of bromide and iodide ions in the Zak reaction results almost entirely from an enhancement effect on the color by the cholesterol itself, and that the addition of about 100 µg. NaBr per milliliter of glacial acetic acid prior to reaction produced the full enhancement of 50 per cent greater color, and virtually eliminated interference at 560 mµ from additional amounts of bromide or iodide salts.


This chapter examines the process of researching how to transmit musical heritage through the process of co-writing. The Transmitting Musical Heritage project team involved a number of different partners, all with particularly complex sets of skills. These interrelationships embedded between the academic institution and community partners had a strong impact on the project, its processes and its destinations. It involved varied approaches to practice and research, with the team and the co-producers, at times, occupying an amorphous zone where academics were academics, academics became musicians, musicians became academics, and musicians were also musicians. This community of practice was able to uncover tacit knowledge about playing and the process of making music together, as well as to unfold narratives about which heritage was valuable and why. This enabled a shared vocabulary of practice.


Managed care is struggling to deliver quantifiable value and, as a result, healthcare reform has been slow to take effect. Disease management, however, with its focus on measuring and reporting the outcomes of care across a defined population is gaining attention as a viable strategy to thwart the increasing costs of healthcare delivery while maintaining, if not improving the quality of care being delivered. In order to achieve these results, however, providers and payers will need to institutionalize the use of automated tools that systematically collect, provide decision support and report clinically and financially meaningful data. This systems-based approach will be critical to bringing about the necessary behavior change to impact both quality and cost as well as reform healthcare as we know it today.


The topic of software testing is as general as the blue sky, and because software has become one of the key ingredients used to build machines, testing methodologies have become an important part of the overall software development cycle, particularly in highly demanding real time environments. A good software test insures that the machine performs in the manner envisioned by its creators. While testing can be done at many stages ranging from design and code reviews to low level testing of code at the procedure and subroutine level, the focus of this paper will be on testing the functional behavior of the end product. Testing of a special class of machine, the Private Automatic Branch Exchange, (PABX) is discussed along with a novel approach which was developed and successfully applied. The PABX can be characterized as a finite state machine, but for testing purposes it has an almost infinite number of states to test. This paper will discuss the selection and formalization of an algorithmic testing notation and set of related procedures which insures stringent product quality goals while at the same time reducing the testing effort to a reasonable and manageable task.


Psychological assessments are a cornerstone of clinical practice in psychology, but if results and recommendations are not used to guide treatment interventions, their value is greatly diminished. Currently, there is very little research that examines adherence to treatment recommendations given to parents or caregivers following psychological evaluations of their children. The present study expands on previous research (MacNaughton & Rodrigue, 2001) examining perceived barriers to parental compliance with psychological assessment recommendations by considering the impact of severity of child behavior problems and parenting stress on compliance. Eighty caregiver/child dyads were recruited through an ADHD evaluation clinic and caregivers completed a telephone interview approximately 4 to 6 weeks after receiving recommendations for their children's care. It was predicted that parents/caregivers reporting greater levels of stress would report lower levels of compliance; parents/caregivers reporting greater levels of compliance would report greater improvement in children's behavior; parents/caregivers would report compliance to less than 70% of the recommendations (MacNaughton & Rodrigue, 2001) and the recommendation to which parents/caregivers most commonly adhered would be that of consulting with a non-psychological professional (i.e., physician). Results revealed that caregivers reporting greater levels of parenting stress were more likely to report following recommendations, that greater levels of compliance were associated with


Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), derived from essential fatty acids, play an immunoregulatory role. Formyl peptide receptor-1 is a pattern recognition receptor that mediate host-defense and inflammation. On the other hand, FPR2 binds SPMs to induce resolution of inflammation. It is well known that low-grade chronic inflammation is present in hypertension, but it is unknown whether this phenomenon occurs due to dysregulation of resolution of inflammation. Also, it is unclear if arteries can sense SPM. We hypothesized that the resolution of inflammation is decreased in hypertension, and treatment with SPM will improve vascular function via FPR-2. Forty-five eicosanoids, precursors of SPMs were detected in the plasma of male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) (14 weeks old, n=10) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; 14 weeks old, n=16). Analysis revealed a significant decrease (%) in 5 different eicosanoids in SHR (1) free eicosapentaenoic acid (60%), (2) free adrenic acid (25%), (3) 20-carboxy-arachidonic acid (52%) (4) 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20%), and (5) 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid (14,15-EET) (48%). Additionally, mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA, lumen diameter < 300 μm) from SHR rats showed significant oxidative degradation of lipids measured by the presence of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) (4-HNE; AU: WKY: 3.8±0.6 vs. SHR: 14.4±3.8; p=0.02). MRA were mounted in a wire myograph to evaluate vascular function, and concentration-response curves (CRC) to acetylcholine (ACh 10−9 to 10−5 mol/L) were performed. As expected, relaxation was impaired in MRA from SHR compared to WKY. This was noted by a shift to the right in the CRC, increasing (%) area under the curve (ΔAUC: 20± 4%). On the other hand, SPMs (10 nM) restored this response by shifting the CRC to the left and reducing the AUC compared to arteries from SHR treated with vehicle [SPMs: Resolvin D1 (RvD1) (ΔAUC:19±4%), Resolvin E1 (RvE1) (ΔAUC: 8.5 ± 9%), and lipoxin A4 (ΔAUC: 20±7%,)]. Specific antagonism of FPR-2 (WRW4, 1μM) abolished the improvement in relaxation induced by SPMs. Superoxide indicator dihydroethidium (DHE) was used in primary MRA endothelial cell culture. SPMs reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species after an inflammatory stimulus [Control: 99±2.5%; TNFα: 272± 50%; RvD1: 109±25%; RvE1: 111±22%; LXA4: 101±10%, A.U.). However, WRW4 did not change these responses. Total FPR2 and lipoxygenase 5 (LOX-5) protein expression was similar in arteries from WKY and SHR. However, there was an increase in LOX-5 serine 523 phosphorylation in SHR, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to increase local LXA4. Overall, SPMs play an important role to maintain vascular heath, and their effects occur both dependent and independent of FPR2 activation. Improvement of resolution of inflammation maybe a new treatment for for hypertension. National Institutes of Health - R00GM118885, R01HL149762, R00HL151889, and RO1DK132948. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


Expansive soil is highly problematic because of the susceptibility of this soil to undergo large change in volume due to fluctuation in moisture content. Various stabilizers' are used such as lime, cement and calcium chloride. In the present scenario fly ash has emerged as an one of the potential admixture to stabilize the soil. In the present work an attempt is made to understand the effect of fly ash on various properties of expansive soil. For this study locally available soil is used which is highly expansive. Fly ash is mixed in various proportions in a parent soil. For these various proportions of fly ash different properties of soil are determined in laboratory and compared with the parent expansive soil properties. The study is carried out on various properties i.e. compaction properties, Atterberges limits, free swell index, swelling pressure, C.B.R (Soaked and Unsoaked).The study reveals that there is an appreciable reduction in the swelling characteristics of soils. This is upto extent of 40% to 50%. CBR value is improved by 70% to 75% with addition of fly ash. It is also observed that addition of fly ash beyond 20% is not significant on many of above properties.


Objective To study the effect of chemotherapy and mycobacteriumvacca on the treatment of recurrent smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods The patients were divided into two groups at random:mycobacterium vaccae plus chemotherapy group and chemotherapy group to observe thes lesion improvement,the cavity closure and sputum bacteriological negative rates.Results The sputum bacteriological negative rates were 93.5% and 75.6%.The observed group was higher than control group.All the results in the observed group were higher than control group.All the results in the observed group were significantly different from those in control group(P0.01).The lesions improvement rates in the observed group and control group were 84.8% and 48.9%(P0.01).The cavity closure rates were 60.9%and 37.8%in the observed group and control group(P0.05).Conclusion Mycobacterium vaccae can improve the sputum negative rates and the lesions absorption and might be values in the adjuvant treatment of immunotherapy and chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis.


ABSTRACT
 The growing influence of English Wikipedia as a provider of information has created powerful new gatekeepers and publishing practices that determine not only what constitutes knowledge in the online world, but whose knowledge is privileged. The structural inequalities of the offline world are being reproduced online, creating new sites for information imperialism. Research shows western contributors are overwriting local knowledge, perpetuating western narratives, and presenting cultures through an outsider lens, resulting in subtle and not so subtle forms of hegemonic cultural dominance. Nonetheless, Wikipedias have multi-media capabilities, which can be utilized by oral cultures as well as providing new asynchronous online meeting places where communities can continue their social imaginings. This paper considers the impacts of English Wikipedia on global knowledge equity and cognitive justice. It analyzes two articles about Bhutanese culture to demonstrate the risks of dilution brought by western ontological expansiveness, and argues that, by contrast, the Dzongkha Wikipedia offers an online space mostly inaccessible to outsiders, and thus a bulwark where the community can continue its cultural conversations in ways not possible before Web 2.0 technologies.


In this article, the author discusses about rising tensions between the U.S. and China could lead to a new Cold War or even full-blown military conflict. Topics include Chinese immigrant in the U.S. facing the wave of anti-Asian violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, overseas scientists' quotidian struggle with racial discrimination was compounded by political suspicion after the Nationalists lost the civil war to Mao's Communists in 1949, and the U.S. government banned Chinese scientists from going to China, fearing technology transfer.


Purpose To determine whether MRI done prior to reduction altered the surgeon9s choice of reduction method. Method One hundred and four patients were included in this retrospective review. The first component of this study identified the presence of uncontained, herniated discs in this patient group. The MRI scans were reviewed by two teams including a radiology team and orthopaedic team. These scans were assessed without clinical information and the teams did not have access to the patient notes. An Interrater agreement assessment was applied to the data and the most reliable inter-observer variables of disc injury were chosen to identify the presence of a herniated uncontained intervertebral disc. The second part of this study entailed a detailed clinical note review specifically looking at type of reduction, whether it was intended and the reason why a certain type of reduction was chosen. These naturally divided the 104 patients into 5 cohorts including; closed reduction, Intended open reduction due to the documented presence of a 'dangerous disc', open reduction following failed closed reduction, open reduction with no documented reason and open reduction due to delay in presentation. Since closed reduction would not be considered in delayed presentations this cohort was removed from data analysis. Additionally the pre and post reduction neurological status was noted. Results The cohort that included 'Intended open reduction due to presence of an uncontained disc' included 11.5% of patients in this data subset. These cases all had MRI9s that were documented to have influenced the type of reduction (p=0.006). However 57% of patients with uncontained discs had had attempted closed reduction; 31% were successful and 27% failed. Using the binomial exact test we calculate the 95% confidence interval showing .054 and .208; thus the reduction method was significantly changed by performing MRI. One patient developed neurological compromise after failed closed reduction. This formed 3.6% of 28 uncontained discs that had attempted closed reduction. Conclusion The risk of neurological deterioration with closed reduction in the presence of an uncontained disc the risk is 3.6% with an overall risk of 2.2% for this cohort. This study confirms pre-reduction MRI to significantly affect surgeon9s decision making. Therr is a significant cost to MRI investigation and the incidence of neurological deterioration of 2.2% needs to be seen against this. ONE DISCLOSURE


Aqueous polyurethane dispersions derived from various polycarbonatediols, carboxylic diols, and m-di(2-isocyantopropyl)benzene (TMXDI) were prepared by a solvent-free process. The dispersing procedure was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and it was found that the use of TMXDI could avoid the over hydrolysis of the isocyanate groups during dispersing in water. The molecular weight tends to reach a maximum around an NH2/NCO ratio during chain extension of 0.8 : 1.0. The particle size, tensile properties, thermal properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of the polyurethane dispersions were investigated. The properties were significantly influenced by the molecular weight of the polycarbonatediols and the chemical structure of the carboxylic diols, and described by the effects of the ionic content, miscibility between the polycarbonate soft segment and the polyurethane segment, and the soft segment content. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


The purpose of this study is to determine the thoughts of Imam Abū Ḥanīfah and Imam al-Syāfi'ī regarding the death penalty for killing non-Muslims in the perspective of Islamic law and to determine the istinbat method of Imam Abū Ḥanīfah and Imam al-Syāfi'ī in determining the death penalty. against the killing of non-Muslims. This research is a type of library research, namely research conducted by examining the literature that specifically discusses the death penalty for the perpetrators of the murder. This literature both come from books, books of scholars, and journals. After reviewing the literature, a comparative analysis was carried out by comparing opinions and their arguments. The results of this study are: (1) Imam Abū Ḥanīfah in determining the death penalty, emphasizes the aspects of equality and equality of a Muslim and non muslim in the eyes of law while Imam al-Syāfi'ī looks at the aspect of belief, if the same is in belief then it is applied death penalty, if different in belief then there is no death penalty. (2) The imposition of the death penalty for killing non-Muslims between Imam Abū Ḥanīfah and Imam al-Syāfi'ī differs in understanding passages from the al-Qur'an, sunnah and qiyas.


This is a spatially referenced water quality dataset for the Lower Columbia River in July 2016. The data were collected using the FLAMe water quality mapping platform having a YSI EXO2 multiparameter sonde, and an LGR greenhouse gas analyzer.


Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the most common pediatric rheumatologic disease, continues to be associated with significant long-term morbidity and mortality despite recent developments that have improved our understanding of the disease and increased the evidence base for emerging therapies. The blame for failing to achieve better outcomes can be placed squarely on the variability in patient care and the absence of definitive management standards, both of which inhibit research and clinical progress and can compromise patient safety, outcomes, and practice efficiency, according to Dr. Esi Morgan Dewitt. "Determinants of patient outcomes are not systematically tracked in most pediatric rheumatology centers, and we lack evidence-based treatment guidelines. Valuable information that could improve quality of care is not available," said Dr. DeWitt, a pediatric rheumatologist at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. "In addition, most centers do not collect patient data in a fashion that allows tracking of medication use, safety, or effectiveness." To minimize variation in care across sites and to improve patient outcomes, Dr. DeWitt and other pediatric rheumatologists from centers nationwide have spearheaded the development of a quality improvement initiative called PRINCES (Pediatric Rheumatology Improvement Network for Continuous Excellence and Safety). The collaborative, user-led innovation network aims to develop a data-collection tool to capture quality measures and variables efficiently and to streamline the transfer of evidence-based treatment into practice. Toward this end, quality improvement teams comprising a physician champion and practice nurse from participating sites will receive training on evidence-based strategies for chronic disease management. Each team will work over 12to 18month periods to achieve measurable improvements in JIA care, said Dr. DeWitt, who discusses the PRINCES mission and goals in this month's column.


We show that in a dilute fermionic superfluid, when the fermions interact with an infinite scattering length, a vortex state is characterized by a strong density depletion along the vortex core. This feature can make a direct visualization of vortices in fermionic superfluids possible.


First, the evolution characteristic of sand storm occurring in Hebei Provice is analyzed, then the cause of formation of the sand storm is analyzed from the climate, the change of circulation situation and dynamic diagnosed and so on. The result are as follows: in recent years, the precipitation in springtime was continually less than the normal, and the air temperature in springtime was continually higher than the normal in this region, which provided the favourable conditions for sand storm occurring; the stronger cold air flow frequently move to the south is the main reason that the sandstorm is more than the normal.


In the search of potencial biocontrollers for toxigenic fungi we isolated 27 soilcorne Streptomyces spp. and performed confrontation tests against toxigenic strains of Aspergillus parasiticus (aflatoxins producer), Fusarium sporotrichoides (T-2 and HT-2 toxin producer) and Fusarium graminearum (deoxynivalenol and nivalenol producer). The growth of at least one of the toxigenic fungi was inhibited by 63% of the Streptomyces isolates, 41% of the Streptomyces strains inhibited the growth of at least two tested gunfi, and 36% of the Streptomyces were effective against all three fungi. Moreover, the ability of isolates to degrade colloidal chitin was analysed and the chitinolytic complex of two of the Streptomyces strains were further characterized. Sixty six % of the Streptomyces spp. degraded colloidal chitin in the plate assays. Chitinase secretion of two isolates was assayed by colorimetric methods and by activity gels, and the degradation products from differemt substrates were analysed by thin layer chromatography.


Miscanthus is an energy crop considered to show potential for a substantial contribution to sustainable energy production. In miscanthus combustion, 2.0% to 3.5% of the mass of the fuel remains as ash. This ash is less contaminated by heavy metals than ash from wood combustion. The concentrations are well below the typical limit concentrations for use as a soil conditioner on agricultural land and forests. The potassium concentration in the investigated miscanthus ash of 14.1% K2O was significantly higher than the typical concentration of potassium in ashes from wood combustion (3% to 7% K2O). However, in comparison to wood ashes, only very little enrichment of potassium in the fine size fractions of miscanthus ash was found. For most of the other elements, the enrichment in the fine size fractions was also low. Therefore, the production of a potassium-rich material by classification for the production of potassium fertilizer is not feasible. The absence of such an enrichment can be explained on the one hand by the significantly lower combustion temperature in the miscanthus combustion plant and, on the other hand, by the higher molar ratio of K to Cl and the low ratio of K to Si. Thus, the most sensible utilization of miscanthus ash is its direct recycling to the soil such as where the miscanthus plants are grown.


A case report of an occult articular osteoid osteoma of the talus is presented that remained undiagnosed for 4 1/2 years despite repeated X-rays, bone scan, tomography, and surgical exploration. The problems of the surgical approach are also detailed.


Will the people with demyelinating diseases ever be able to use
CAR Treg cells to be cured, if it proves effective in the future?
Probably not, considering its gigantic price. Researchers should focus
on developing an affordable safe Treg-specific viral vector to produce
CAR Treg's in-vivo.


It appears that nursing has devoted an extravagant amount of concentration to the subject of professionalism and professionalization. Consequently, it has created and persists to create some proportion of controversy amid nursing authors, particularly in the Western World at the present time. According to Silva, philosophy, knowledge and theory are intrinsically linked. These notions are important to consider independently and to clarify their relationships, if nursing's knowledge base is to be built on a strong foundation. Perhaps then, if nursing wishes to continue on the trail of professionalization, nurses need to return to and reconsider its foundations and accomplishments. The aim of this discussion paper is to explore the nature of the philosophy of science, knowledge and theory and their interrelationships, with particular reference to professionalization by considering where nursing has come from and consequently the way forward to ascertaining professional status.


This paper goes into the critical methods in the study of All Men Are Brothers and emphasizes the importance of the right critical methods.The author is strongly against the overelaborate research,mixing academic study with politics,and the unrealistic methods,and then presents the view that the western theories shouldn't be used indiscriminately.


This work has the goal of investigating the relationship between the use of agile practices and the success of software projects that use Scrum. The method used in the investigation was a cross-sectional survey that collected data from 62 software engineers associated to 11projects in 9 different software firms, representing 75% of the population in the studied projects. The results show that only 8 of the 25 attributes associated with agile practices have significant correlation with project success. These results suggest that it is important to consider carefully which agile practices must be prioritized in order to increase the effectiveness of the deployment of agile methodologies in the software industry.


Today, the concept of cultivating talents by interdisciplinary has become the consensus of higher education all over the world. As a "leader" in interdisciplinary, MIT has accumulated a lot of experience in training talents. This study summarizes the beneficial experience of MIT in training talents, and compare it with some universities in China to find the best way to develop interdisciplinary talent training on their own.


Dehydration was found to be involved in the poor prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke. It is unclear whether dehydration status before onset is related with prognosis of thrombolysed patients with acute ischemic stroke. If it is the case, quickly hydrating may improve the prognosis. The present study was designed to explore the issue.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the clinical efficiency of implant anchorage combined with segmental arch technique.

METHODS
Segmental arch technique of the micro-implant and adjacent teeth was used, ideal space for the superstructure of the implant was gained.

RESULTS
The implant anchorage with segmental arch technique methods decreased the therapeutic process efficiency and made enough space for superstructure of the implant.

CONCLUSIONS
Implant anchorage with segmental arch technique can undertake the vertical anchorage force efficiently, depress the molar safely and make enough space for superstructure of implants.


Using novel real-time data on a broad set of economic fundamentals for five major US dollar exchange rates over the recent float, we employ a predictive procedure that allows the relationship between exchange rates and fundamentals to evolve over time in a very general fashion. Our key findings are that: (i) the well-documented weak out-of-sample predictive ability of exchange rate models may be caused by poor performance of model-selection criteria, rather than lack of information content in the fundamentals; (ii) the difficulty of selecting the best predictive model is largely due to frequent shifts in the set of fundamentals driving exchange rates, which can be interpreted as reflecting swings in market expectations over time. However, the strength of the link between exchange rates and fundamentals is different across currencies.


The sophistication of technology has already entered the whole world among the earthlings. It has changed the way people live, the way people communicate, and the way people learn. Moreover, the current technology that was arisen in education is Mobile Learning (M-learning). It means learning through wireless technological gadgets that can be pocketed and operated wherever the learner's device is able to receive continuous transmission signals. Furthermore, this paper tried to find out the perception of higher education students toward the usage of M-learning in fostering their learning activity. The qualitative data was obtained from 5 post-graduate students which randomly chosen as the sample of this research, then the researchers also reviewed some theories regarding the usage of M-learning in higher education. Additionally, it found that M-learning gives abundant benefits in fostering higher students' learning activity. At last, the researcher suggested to engage M-learning in higher education. Keywords: higher education, M-learning, mobile learning, technology


Abstract Tillage, cropping system, and cover crops have seasonal and long‐term effects on the nitrogen (N) cycle and total soil organic carbon (C), which in turn affects soil quality. This study evaluated the effects of crop, cover crop, and tillage practices on inorganic N levels and total soil N, the timing of inorganic N release from hairy vetch and soybean, and the capacity for C sequestration. Cropping systems included continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and stalk residue, continuous corn and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), continuous soybeans (Glycine max L.) plus residue, and two corn/soybean rotations in corn alternate years with hairy vetch and ammonium nitrate (0, 85, and 170 kg N ha−1). Subplot treatments were moldboard plow and no tillage. Legumes coupled with no tillage reduced the N fertilizer requirement of corn, increased plant‐available N, and augmented total soil C and N stores.


The invention discloses a double-side needling machine speed reducing system and belongs to the field of double-side needling machine speed reducers. The double-side needling machine speed reducing system comprises an upper reducer and a lower reducer which are oppositely arranged and identical in structure. The double-side needling machine speed reducing system is characterized in that transmission shafts of spiral bevel gears of the upper reducer and the lower reducer are perpendicularly arranged, transmission shafts of the upper reducer and the lower reducer are vertically opposite, connected via a universal joint and identical in rotating direction, output shafts of the upper reducer and the lower reducer are identical in phase position, and oil-stir preventing devices are respectively arranged in gear boxes of the upper reducer and the lower reducer. The upper reducer and the lower reducer are integrally connected via the universal joint, phase positions of the output shafts are kept consistent during power transmission process, each oil-stir preventing device separates lubricating oil in each gear box into two parts, only the lubricating oil in the oil-stir preventing devices is stirred when gears rotate at high speed, oil stirred by the gears is low in amount, so that heating is low, and oil stirring loss is greatly reduced. The double-side needling machine speed reducing system is efficient, energy-saving, compact in structure, strong in stability, convenient to maintain, good in lubricating and sealing effects, normal in warming, and low in noise.


This review, covering the period 1987-1993, deals with quantum chemical studies that employ the supermolecular method with some form of counterpoise to calculate the interaction energies of molecular complexes. A theorem is provided showing that the standard counterpoise approach, in which, at a given geometry, energies are evaluated using the full basis set of the complex, yields a pure (i.e. BSSEfree) interaction energy. Artifacts resulting from secondary BSSE have been found to become negligible before the basis set limit of this interaction energy is attained. Alternative methods in which counterpoise is achieved by restricting the fragment description in the calculation of the full complex to the level used for the isolated fragment are formally nearly correct but have been found to give less satisfactory results, mainly because the relevant fragment properties converge only slowly to the basis


The pulsed excimer laser ablation method is used to deposit both the buffer layer of Y‐stabilized ZrO2 and the overlayer of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x superconductor on (100) oriented single‐crystal silicon. Process parameter optimization study is carried out and it is shown that a thin film of the superconductor (0.5–0.7 μm) having a zero resistance temperature of 86 K can be obtained using a 0.3 μm buffer layer deposited at substrate temperatures between 600 and 800 °C.


1 The degradation of road network performance due to incidents is a major concern to traffic oper2 ators. The development of urban traffic incident management systems requires a comprehensive 3 understanding of traffic dynamics during incidents. Recently, the concept of the macroscopic fun4 damental diagram (MFD) contributed to such an understanding and has been used in a wide range 5 of applications. However, the MFD is merely reproducible under recurring traffic patterns. Mo6 tivated by a few studies which argue the existence of the MFD with a clockwise hysteresis loop 7 during incidents, we tackle this limitation of the MFD and propose a framework to study the char8 acteristics of the MFD under non-recurring congestion. More specifically, we introduce a criticality 9 score (CS) which represents network redundancy and postulate that links with a higher level of CS 10 impose a larger hysteresis loop on the MFD. We design an experiment in a microscopic traffic 11 simulation to study the relation of closed links and the resulting MFDs. The results confirm our 12 postulation and we observe that links with similar CS have a comparable impact on the shape of 13 the MFD. The main contribution of this paper is the possibility to develop a framework for inci14 dent detection in urban networks under limited sensor coverage. However, the findings of the study 15 may strongly rely on the assumptions, for instance, the network structure, the OD pairs, and drivers 16 route choice during incidents. Thus, future studies are required to study other network topologies 17 as well as more realistic driver route choice during incidents. 18


Tgfb3, a member of the TGF‐β superfamily, is tightly regulated, both spatially and temporally, during embryogenesis. Previous mouse knockout studies have demonstrated that Tgfb3 is absolutely required for normal palatal fusion and pulmonary development. We have generated a novel tool to ablate genes in Tgfb3‐expressing cells by targeting the promoterless Cre‐pgk‐Neo cassette into exon 1 of the mouse Tgfb3 gene, which generates a functionally null Tgfb3 allele. Using the Rosa26 reporter assay, we demonstrate that Cre‐induced recombination was already induced at embryonal day 10 (E10) in the ventricular myocardium, limb buds, and otic vesicles. At E14, robust recombination was detected in the prefusion palatal epithelium. Deletion of the TGF‐β type I receptor Alk5 (Tgfbr1) specifically in Tgfb3 expressing cells using the Tgfb3‐Cre driver line lead to a cleft palate phenotype similar to that seen in conventional Tgfb3 null mutants. In addition, Alk5/ Tgfb3‐Cre mice displayed hydrocephalus, and severe intracranial bleeding due to germinal matrix hemorrhage. genesis 46:112–118, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Biomedicine
3D bioprinting is still a fairly new technique that has been limited in terms of resolution and by the materials that can be printed. Lee et al. describe a 3D printing technique to build complex collagen scaffolds for engineering biological tissues (see the Perspective by Dasgupta and Black). Collagen gelation was controlled by modulation of pH and could provide up to 10-micrometer resolution on printing. Cells could be embedded in the collagen or pores could be introduced into the scaffold via embedding of gelatin spheres. The authors demonstrated successful 3D printing of five components of the human heart spanning capillary to full-organ scale, which they validated for tissue and organ function.

Science , this issue p. [482][1]; see also p. [446][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aav9051
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aay0478


In this paper we investigated the crystallization of NiTi metallic glass foils of equiatomic composition by XRD and AFM. The initial foil surface which was obtained by the melt spinning method contained only cristalline phases of impurities. Ten-minute annealing at 500°C leads to phase transition in the form of devitrification of Ni50Ti50 phase. The analisys of foil surface geometry included calculation of direct inhomogeneities characteristics, roughness and fractal dimension, as well as the parameters of multifractal fromalism. It was showen that after ten-minute heat treatment at 500°C all above mentioned characteristics have local extrema. In particular there is a minimum of the widths of the singularities spectra which indicates the monofractalization of the system.


Foreign direct investment (FDI) is often accused of being one of major factors that may harm the host country's environment. This study contributes to the debate by examining the long run effect of FDI inflows on Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). It uses the bounds test of cointegration proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001). FDI inflows,Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population are used as explanatory variables. Results are mixed across countries. We find evidence supporting that FDI increases CO2 emissions in some countries while it reduces them in others. Evidence of no significant influence of FDI on CO2 emissions is also found. With respect to GDP, the results indicate that an increase in economic growth intensifies CO2 emissions in most countries.


The reactivity of gas phase lanthanide (Ln) atoms (Ln=La–Yb with the exception of Pm) with N2O from 298 to 623 K is reported. Lanthanide atoms were produced by the photodissociation of Ln(TMHD)3 (TMHD=2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanato ion) and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. Large variations in the reaction rate constants are observed. The bimolecular rate constants are described in Arrhenius form by k[Ce(1G4)]=(1.9±0.5)×10−10 exp(−0.8±0.8 kJ mol−1/RT); Pr(4I9/2), (3.6±1.2)×10−10 exp(−8.0±1.2 kJ mol−1/RT); Nd(5I4), (3.4±0.4)×10−10 exp(−8.8±0.5 kJ mol−1/RT); Sm(7F0), (3.2±1.1)×10−10 exp(−11.2±1.2 kJ mol−1/RT); Eu(8S7/2), (2.7±0.4)±10−10 exp(−12.7±0.5 kJ mol−1/RT); Gd(9D2), (2.0±0.3)×10−10 exp(−6.4±0.5 kJ mol−1/RT); Tb(6H15/2), (2.9±0.5)×10−10 exp(−10.9±0.6 kJ mol−1/RT); Dy(5I8), (3.4±0.8)×10−10 exp(−16.2±0.8 kJ mol−1/RT); Ho(4I15/2), (2.9±0.5)×10−10 exp(−17.1±0.6 kJ mol−1/RT); Er(3H6), (3.3±1.2)×10−10 exp(−18.4±1.2 kJ mol−1/RT); Tm(2F7/2), (3.5±0.6)×10−10 exp(−19.5±0.6 kJ mol−1/RT); Yb(1S0), (2.5±0...


Based on the information service and the construction of information resources by military academy libraries under the network environment,features of such service are discussed here in the explicit comparison with traditional libraries role.And several suggestions are also made about such construction in view of optimizing the collection arrangement and accelerating the development of digital library and establishing a best-quality library faculty as well.


Objective:To investigate the significance of ILK expression in squamous cell hyperplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of vulva(VSCC).Methods:The expression of ILK was investigated immunohistochemistry with SP method thirty cases of VSCC,25 of VIN,20 of VD near the carcinoma,15 of VCA,and 5 of normal vulva tissue were included.Results:The positive rate of expression of ILK and percentage of positive cells in VSCC were significantly higher than those in VIN stage Ⅲ and VCA,and there was no difference with proliferative VD.No expression was found in VIN stage I to II,lichenoid VD,and normal epithelium.The expression of ILK was significantly correlated with histological types(P0.05).Conclusion:High expression of ILK has close relation with genesis and development of tumor, also suggest high malignancy, invasion, metastasis and prognosis mala.


The article discusses the experimental determination of the level of salinity, melting temperature, dispersed composition of crushed sheep tail fat, its moisture content and analysis of the state of moisture in it, and presents the results of these studies. The information obtained is necessary because the approach recommended by the authors contributes to a longer storage of the final product. Systematization of the advantages and disadvantages of the known technologies of smoked sheep tail fat, will allow to compose a rational technological flow of the production of this product and also to determine the rational operating parameters of the implementation of its stages. The information presented in the article on the physicochemical and dispersed characteristics, as well as the thermophysical parameters of sheep tail fat is relevant. At present, researchers have increased their interest in extruded products with a developed structure, obtained on the basis of raw materials of animal origin, as a source of high-quality fats, as well as a basis for therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition products of various technological forms.


Attenuated flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) is related to a higher risk of death by cardiovascular event; thus, exploring the contexts in which FMD is reduced, such as post‐meal consumption, is important for public health. Several factors alter post‐prandial endothelial function, but the overall effect of these factors has not been evaluated. Thus, meta‐regression analysis was performed on the effects of meal ingestion on FMD, with the goal of quantifying the variance associated with the overall effect.


In this paper the radial digital image scan is considered. The main result of the paper is the number of radial digital lines needed to cover the image composed of pR x pR pixels, which is pR Application of such scan to detect defects on a silicon wafer is presented.


The present text intends to draw attention to the need for an efficient ethical model that should regulate the activity and resource allocation in the healthcare system, and particularly in granting access to healthcare to families with high poverty rates, as well as in caring for children. Thus, the paper focuses on an ethical perspective using the idea of the social responsibility of organizations and especially of the state as an organization that takes responsibility in the social field. From an ethical point of view, the social responsibility principle eliminates the divergences between ethical responsibility and financial responsibility that may appear in establishing public health policies and in the construction of an ethical model for service providing and resource allocation. The intention of the paper is not to propose a model but rather to emphasize the need for creating an ethical model in the Romanian public health system starting from the National Strategy and the Report of the presidential committee for analyzing and elaborating public health policies in Romania.


Blood serves as a vehicle for transmission of blood-borne pathogens including hemoparasities. In Nigeria, screening of blood for blood-borne pathogens does not fulfill the standard protocols and screening for malaria parasites is not practiced. Determination of the prevalence of circulating Plasmodium falciparum and HIV as co-infections in a population in general, and blood-donors in particular will certainly help in reviewing the screening procedures and making health policy decisions. In view of the problem of transfusional malaria, the prevalence of malaria Plasmodium in consenting blood donors was assessed. Whole blood was used for the diagnosis of P. falciparum malaria using Malaria P. falciparum Rapid Test Device. The screening for HIV antibodies was carried out using Chembio HIV-1/2 Stat-Pak ® and Abbott Determine HIV-1/2 ® test. All tests were done according to the manufacturers' specifications. Overall prevalence rate of asymptomatic P. falciparum malaria was 17.5% (n=35) and HIV as co-infection was 22.9% (n=8), while the remaining 27(77.1%) had no HIV. The study showed no significant difference between malaria infection either for age groups (17.8% vs 16.6%, P>0.05) or sexes (16.6% vs 22.6%, P >0.05). However, it showed a significantly higher prevalence of HIV as co-infection among blood donors within ages less than 40 years than their counterparts in age groups 40 years and above (29.6% vs. 0.0%; P = 0.001). It also showed a significantly higher prevalence of HIV as co-infection among female donors than males (42.9% vs. 17.9%; P = 0.001). This study however confirmed the presence of P. falciparum malaria infection and HIV as co-infection among blood donors in Ibadan, Nigeria. This could be attributed to lack of adequate accommodation and poor sanitary conditions in the area under study. General surveillance and public health education to stop the spread of the infection among blood donors in Ibadan and indeed the whole society is advocated.


BACKGROUND: Pulsatile drug delivery systems are time-controlled dosage forms that release active pharmaceutical component after a predefined period in order to synchronize circadian cycle of illness. Migraine has a diurnal cycle, with episodes peaking between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m. Sumatriptan acts as a selective agonist for 5-Hydroxytryptamine1 (serotonin) receptors. Thus, it is an effective therapy for acute migraine episodes.

AIM: The objective of the study is to create a time-controlled press-coated tablet containing two sumatriptan pulses. The first pulse demonstrated 100% active component release within 2 min, followed by the second sumatriptan pulse after just 5.5-h lag period.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prepared eleven formulations for rapid dissolving core tablets and thirty-three formulations for press-coated tablet that were manufactured by direct compression technique. The third layer was then squeezed onto press-coated tablet to create a two-pulse-time-controlled system. The qualities of core tablets and coatings were examined using a variety of criteria.

RESULTS: The formula F7 of core tablet was chosen because it had the lowest disintegration duration (8.8 s) with the quickest drug release within 2 min. In addition, formula C28 of the pectin-containing press-coated tablet: EC 100 mpa.s: HPMCK4M in concentrations of 20mg, 100 mg, and 80 mg were chosen as optimal coating layer.

CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing pulsatile delivery system for sumatriptan is an effective strategy in resolving migraine attacks.


Based on multi-dimensional decision system,a temperature control system for 300 kA pre-baking aluminium electrolytic cells was designed in Baotou Rare Earth Aluminium Company.Functions of the system include acquisition and preprocessing of parameters;calculation of liquids temperature,establishment and updating of expert knowledge base,and fuzzy inference of decision content.Temperature control of electrolytic cells was realized with regulation of aluminium fluoride addition,aluminium tapping quantity and setting voltage etc.parameters.The control system has been applied to 300 kA aluminium electrolytic cells in Baotou Rare Earth Aluminium Company several months.Temperature of aluminium electrolysis was controlled within 950~960 ℃,DC energy consumption was reduced from 13 460 to 13 000 kW·h.


This paper discusses the use of four different camera perspectives within a real-time virtual 3-D interface as it is used to accomplish a remote robotic exploration and mapping task. The 3-D interface is used as the basis for a Cognitive Collaborative Workspace (CCW) that supports shared understanding of the task and environment. Multiple humans and robots can add iconographic entities such as waypoints, areas of interest, start and end locations, humans, doors, and landmines into the CCW. These tools can be used as a basis for tasking and monitoring and also communicate intentions and percepts. The experiment discussed in this paper evaluates how different perspectives within the 3-D display affect the performance of human-robot teams on a map-building and exploration task. Results show that perspective does play an important role in providing situation awareness. Specifically, task efficiency in terms of time to complete task and joystick usage is significantly diminished when the endocentric (i.e. 1 person) perspective is used.


The orbit of a free-flying test mass having differing inertial and gravitational masses relative to a reference mass obeying the equivalence principle (EP), depends on the EP-violation e as well as on the release conditions. For every orbit a release error does exist which compensates for the EP effect. The secular term in the relative distance of the masses (due to orbit period changes) is also dependent on a combination of e and release errors in a non-separable way.


The paper presents main design project of the bridge Ostruznica deck drainage and runoff treatment. An integral solution of drainage and irrigation and/or discharge water into the Sava river of pre treated runoff from the portion of highway Dobanovci – Bubanj Potok and the bridge The treated water is taken for irrigation into the groundwater as a recharge, along the series of wells for potable water within sanitary protection zone of the Belgrade Water supply system. The first flush of the criteria rainfall runoff volume is to be pre treated using a Stormwater barrels. Such a solution is considered as an additional water source at the aquifer by the rivers' banks. Also, it is a measure of water cycle improvement. The project is completed by a Swerm preventing system for accidental situation, such as leakage or accidents of vehicles and potential pollution and risks of vulnerability for the potable water wells.


We investigate an ad hoc network where node locations are distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson process with intensity λn. We assume that all the nodes are equipped with an identical wireless transceiver capable of operating satisfactorily up to a certain maximal link loss. Our link model depends on the length of the link and on random lognormal fading. Each node functions as a source and destination of data packets, and may also serve as a repeater to transport packets over multi-hop routes as determined by the network router. We focus on the probability distribution of the minimum number of hops between a source and a destination node known to be at distance D from the source. When the distribution of source-todestination distances is known, the distribution of the minimal number of hops between any arbitrary pair of nodes can also be found. Many variations of this same problem have been studied in the literature. However, as far as we know, no exact closedform analytic results for fading environments have been presented before.


This article is written to present a description on efforts of a lecturer to integrate character education, i.e. moral values, in visual art teaching and learning process. As a visual art lecturer responsible on teaching the art of paintings, illustration and typography, I integrate in the students' assignments moral values particularly the ones taken from local wisdoms. By this way, it is expected that there will be positive effects to students' personalities. One of the problems in teaching and learning process is how to present a practical examples related to the process creating an art work. A research has been conducted on the understanding of students of Visual Art Study Program of Faculty of Art and Design Makassar State University, on how to integrate moral, spiritual values and local wisdom in their process of creating art works. Respondents of this research are 22 Visual Art Education Study Program students admitted in 2014 academic year. The procedures of conducting this research are: first, the students are assigned to create an art work, painting. Second, the students watching a video recording on the process of how Abd. Aziz Ahmad creates his art works. Third, the students are assigned the same assignment as in the first. The results indicate that 15 students (68%) integrate moral values in their works, 13 (63%) are able to follow significantly the process demonstrated in the classroom, or the one presented in the video recordings, or the one presented in internet (blog; azakaligrafi.wordpress.com). It can be concluded that the video recording on the process of how Abd. Aziz Ahmad creates his art works can be easily followed and as a learning resource media that can be used by students to extend moral teachings in their works.


The area of human resources in the Hydrocarbons sector, is currently facing the challenges that the sector, the economy and the global environment is imposing and for what it allows and the opportunity to look for new ways to reinvent itself at the organizational level, enhancing the resources and the human talent that helps them increase their organizational capacity in times of crisis and uncertainty.
The strengthening of the models, such as the Outplacement process, the elements for added value to the organizations and the help to capture and define what moves the employees that become the essence of a company that cares about the integrity of employees in all aspects of their lives both inside and outside the organization. Issues such as development in entrepreneurship, are a way of motivating people and help beyond the life and work environment in which many live.
The implementation of spaces for the inclusion of a project aimed at entrepreneurial entrepreneurship, an opportunity to capture some of the tension and emotional instability of the employees that is cause of the changes in the environment and that forces them to use their concentration on issues of your personal, family and work life plan. This in order for the employee to develop skills and attitudes that help create a business project, or another idea that generates additional income that allows you to pay your basic expenses and your family.


Transcoding is a process of converting a previously compressed video bitstream into a lower bit-rate bitstream. When some incoming frames are dropped for the frame-rate conversion in transcoding, the newly quantized DCT coefficients of prediction error need to be re-computed, which can create an undesirable complexity as well as introduce re-encoding error. We propose a new architecture for a frame-skipping transcoder to improve picture quality and to reduce complexity. It is observed that re-encoding error is reduced significantly when the strategy of direct summation of DCT coefficients and the error compensation feedback loop are employed. Furthermore, we propose a frame-rate control scheme which can dynamically adjust the number of skipped frames according to the incoming motion vectors and the re-encoding error due to transcoding such that the decoded sequence can have smooth motion as well as better transcoded pictures. Experimental results show that, as compared to the conventional transcoder, the new frame-skipping transcoder is more robust, produces smaller requantization errors, and has simple computational complexity.


What happened to Poddala Jayantha is something so serious that it should, even belatedly, lead to an adequate response from the society as a whole.


Study the problem of network security.Because network attack frequency has the properties of randomness,chaotic and uncontinuity,the traditional forecasting methods cannot identify chaos,and prediction accuracy is low.In order to improve the accuracy of network attack frequency,the paper puts forward a network attack frequency prediction method based on chaotic time series forecasting model.Firstly,the maximum Lyapunov index method is used to decide the network attack frequency of chaotic,and then the phase space reconstruction is used to reconstruct the original data.Lastly,the reconstruction data is inputted into the neural network for learning.The prediction results of the attack frequency are obtained.Simulation results show that chaos time prediction method reveals the network attack frequency characteristics,solves the problem that traditional forecasting method can not depict network attack frequency data features,improves the network attack rate prediction accuracy,and has important reference value for reducing network system security risk.


Objective To probe of epidemiology,methods of diagnosis and treatment of primary splenic space occupying lesion.Methods Thirty one cases of primary splenic space occupying lesion admitted to our hospital in the period of 1958 to 1999 were studied retrospectively.Results The incidence of primary splenic space occupying lesion from high to low in proper order were:splenic cavernous hemangiomas(32.3%),splenic angiosarcoma(19.4%),splenic cricumscribed hyperemia(12.9%),splenic cyst(9.7%),splenic tuberculosis(6.5%),splenic cricumscribed fibrosis(3.2%),splenic hematoma( 3.2% ),splenic lymphdenosis( 3.2% ),splenic aneurysm linked calcification(3.2%),splenic granulomatous inflammation(3.2%);among them benign space occupying lesion occupied for 80.6%,non tumour ones for 45.1%.Diagnosis for splenic space occupying lesion were mainly depended on image,especially united more than one type of image,misdiagnosis rate of one type image was 83.9%.Operation was mainly therapeutic method.Postoperative complication occured in 9.7%,mainly were infectious complication(2/3).Conclusion Splenic space occupying lesions are mainly benign;united image is better for diagnosis of splenic space occupying lesion;main therpay is operation,but should be as far as possible to preserve splenic tissue and function.


The invention relates to an automatic label stripping device and a label printer built in the automatic label stripping device. The label automatic stripping device comprises a machine rack, a roll placing barrel and a rolling-up component are arranged on the machine rack, the rolling-up component comprises a rolling-up barrel placed below the roll placing barrel, the rolling-up barrel is a hollow plastic rolling-up barrel, an opening folding end penetrating one side of the rolling-up barrel is arranged on the rolling-up barrel in the axial direction, a plugging structure is arranged at the opening folding end for tightly clamping bottom paper to conduct winding recovery and peeling the label arranged on the bottom paper or releasing the bottom paper at the same time. The device enables initial winding of the label bottom paper and taking-off of the label bottom paper after being wound completely to be simple and feasible, working efficiency is improved and manufacturing cost is lowered.


This work presents simulation of transmission spectra of tunable narrowband and broadband filters for terahertz frequency range comprised of cross-shaped metallic resonators both free standing and deposited on semiconductor substrate.


This paper seeks to convey how the process of preparing a conservation management plan (CMP), specifically guided by the Australian ICOMOS Burra Charter, for a house museum in southern India – the Kamarajar Memorial House, the birthplace of K. Kamaraj, a highly revered and illustrious politician from the mid-twentieth century has clarified its cultural significance and better defined the conservation needs for the house and its collection. Consistent with the Burra Charter approach, the artifact is understood to be the place comprising both the building and its collection, ideally presented as one, seamlessly. Place, defined in the Burra Charter 'means site, area, land, landscape, building or other work, group of buildings or other works, and may include components, contents, spaces and views' [Australia ICOMOS, 1999, 2].


This study compares the faulting observed on the Savannah River Site and vicinity with the faults of the Atlantic Coastal Fault Province and concludes that both sets of faults exhibit the same general characteristics and are closely associated. Based on the strength of this association it is concluded that the faults observed on the Savannah River Site and vicinity are in fact part of the Atlantic Coastal Fault Province. Inclusion in this group means that the historical precedent established by decades of previous studies on the seismic hazard potential for the Atlantic Coastal Fault Province is relevant to faulting at the Savannah River Site. That is, since these faults are genetically related the conclusion of ''not capable'' reached in past evaluations applies.In addition, this study establishes a set of criteria by which individual faults may be evaluated in order to assess their inclusion in the Atlantic Coast Fault Province and the related association of the ''not capable'' conclusion.


In producing products and providing services, natural material resources (raw materials) are used, beside other things. The level of development of technologies and the existing value systems influence the fact that such material resources are not always sufficiently exploited. Their better exploitation, or more efficient waste management, may bring economic and environmental benefits. This is important in circumstances of great demand for limited material resources. Better management of these resources in the liberal competitiveness market may be an advantage that makes a difference. Economy, since the primitive capital accumulation and industrial revolution, growing on the principle: "take, make, consume, discard" and presenting the so called "linear model" based on the assumption of boundlessness and easily available resources, must undergo serious transition. The process of transition from "linear" to "circular" economy is complex because it requires fulfilment of a series of assumptions: developed awareness, developed institutional framework, developed waste management infrastructure, knowledge and understanding, provision of necessary resources, continuity, scientific approach and a new view of the economic reality and future. The EU bureaucracy realized that the concept of "linear economy" endangers competitiveness of the EU. A value system has been accepted that starts from the position that a considerable progress in better material resource use is possible and that it may significantly contribute to competitiveness of the EU economy. It is therefore believed that moving from "linear" to the concept of "circular economy" is essential for realization of the program for successful exploitation of material resources in the framework of the Europe 2020 strategy. In this paper the author researches the transition process from "linear" to "circular" economy.


Through analysing the feature of ship to air missile weapon system and,Department of the condition of missile's software design finalizing in range,the necessity and speciality of software and the methods of software design finalizing experiments are summarized.At last,the future of software testing in range is given.


The Localized Generalization Error Model (L-GEM) provides an upper bound of the generalization error for unseen samples located in the Q-neighborhood of each training sample. It originates from the idea that expecting a classifier to recognize unseen samples in the whole input space correctly is unreasonable, as some are very different from training samples.
A crucial parameter, Q, is used to adjust the size of neighborhood of each training sample. In current literature, a single Q value is selected and is used by all training samples; thus, all training samples will have the same size of neighborhood. However, certain training samples may be extremely close to one another, and the same size of neighborhood may result in large overlapping. One of the objectives is to study the selections of different Qs for individual training samples instead of selecting a single value for all.
In view of the high computational complexity of L-GEM with variable neighborhood sizes, the second objective is to propose a new point of view by clustering data into different groups instead of a single data point. The neighborhoods are considered for each cluster, instead of each training sample.
However the trend of performance of a classifier on different sizes of neighborhoods is ignored which provide important information to evaluate the classifier. Therefore the third objective of the thesis is to propose a set of L-GEM based indices to evaluate the classifier with different sizes of neighborhood. In addition, the performance of the proposed methods in different scenarios with outlier is provided.
L-GEM has been extended into a Multiple Classifier System (MCS), and it has been shown to evaluate the generalization capability of MCS successfully. To construct an MCS, creating diverse sets of classifiers is a key issue. The ensemble feature selection varies the feature sets for each individual classifier in an MCS. Promoting diversity alone may not generate MCS with high generalization capability. Therefore, a genetic algorithm (GA) and localized generalization error model for MCS (L-GEMMCS) will be adopted to select sets of diversified feature groups for constructing an MCS with high generalization capability.


ved hyperpolarizing factor. nitric oxide. prostaglandins. angiotensin-conv erting enzyme ABSTRACT Plasma and vascular kinins stimulate the production of endothelium-deri ved nitric oxide, prostacyclin and hyperpolarizing factor (which regulates the func tion of vascular smooth muscle), and endothelial interactions with blood cells. The role of kinins in vasomotion is detennined by the rate of production of the peptides by kininogenases and their degradation by kininases, in particular angiotensin-conv


Credit scoring is one of the most crucial processes in banks' credit management decisions. Various scoring techniques have been suggested to assess clients' creditworthiness during the last few decades. In this paper, we use logistic regression to construct a classification model based on data on 1000 loan applicants in Germany. This model is used to examine the correlation between customers' characteristics and the probability of their loans to be good. Finally, we assess the benefits of banks when using this model in terms of profit. keywords: credit scoring model, logistic regression, probability of a loan to be good, profit


In this article, we discuss the inconsistent use of the current policy baseline by policymakers, which undermines budget enforcement and represents a deep violation of Senate norms. We further describe how the potentially dangerous disruption to the budget process provides an opportunity to improve the official baseline.


There IS LITTLE agreement as to the incidence of multiple births among the many studies of their occurrence. This is not unexpected, however, since it has been postulated that the frequency of multiple births is influenced by a number of factors, among them the fertility of the people, which varies in different periods, multiparity, frequency of pregnancy, age of the mother, climate, race, and hereditary factors. Each study, then, can have significance only in terms of the specific population group examined; the results cannot be extended to a larger group and retain their validity. Table 1 provides an example of the wide variation in results of these studies. For practical purposes or, more precisely, for the purpose of the practicing physician, the formula devised by Hellin 2 is adequate, even though erroneous. He declared that the ratio of single births to twin births was about the same as that of


One of the tasks of the Bulletin has been to popularize science in areas fraught with important consequences for the future of humanity. In several recent issues we have printed articles dealing with fundamental concepts of genetics, the effects of radiation on genes, and their significance for society. The article below is on experimental embryology, and discusses development of some of its possibilities for good, as well as its potential dangers. The author is professor of general zoology at the University of Copenhagen.


ABSTRACT Influencer marketing actions are mostly carried out on social platforms, e.g., Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. However, despite its increasing use, studies on this subject are still scarce. In this research, we focus on four essential factors related to an influencer marketing programme, analyzed in two separate experimental studies for theoretical reasons and methodological operability: brand control over the shared message and its commercial orientation; and, the celebrity level of the influencer and his/her congruence with the product/service they comment on in the post. We are also interested in the effects of these factors on a set of key responses by the follower with regard to the elements that form part of an influencer marketing action: the influencer, the post, and the product/service.


At the present stage of full-scale communist construction in the USSR and successful construction of socialism in the people's democracies, the economy is the main battlefield for communism and socialism. The rate of economic growth in the socialist countries is much higher than in the capitalist countries. In contrast to the less than 200% increase of industrial production in all of the capitalist countries in the period 1937-1963, the countries of the world socialist system show a 700% rise. Industrial production in the formerly economically backward socialist countries showed an especially rapid growth. The share of the industrialized countries - the GDR and Czechoslovakia - in the gross industrial product of the member-countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance has dropped from 16.46% in 1950 to 15.34% in 1961. The share of Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and Bulgaria rose from 13.5% to 14.98% over the same period.


A microstrip patch antenna array is designed and tested at K-band. Two efficient end launched waveguide to coaxial loop to microstrip transitions (loop A and loop B) are designed to feed the antenna array. The loops achieve a simulated 2:1 VSWR from 22 to 25.4 GHz for loop A and from 21.4 to 26.7 GHz for loop B. The corresponding insertion loss is less than 0.4 dB for both loops over the band. The microstrip patch antenna array broadside gain is 23.6 dB using loop A at the design frequency of 24.125 GHz. The array measured return loss is less than 9.54 dB from 24 to 24.4 GHz with loop A.


Aiming at the creation of simple,cheap,accurate and easy-to-use theoretical analyzing tool for SRC columns,non-linear push-over analyzing method were applied to non-linear analysis of SRC column,firstly established the non-linear push-over analyzing model and material constitutive relation of SRC columns,and then using the model and the relation,composed the non-linear push-over analyzing program of SRC columns,finally the SRC columns that already have experimental data were calculated to validate the reliability of the program,the results showed that the non-linear push-over analysis are definitive,easyto-use,accurate,time and money saving method when it is used to the calculations of SRC columns and can be applicable.


At conventional synapses of the central nervous system (CNS), fast synaptic transmission is mediated by the release of neurotransmitters (NTs) upon Ca2+-triggered synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis. Upon exocytosis SV proteins have to be resorted and retrieved from the surface by compensatory endocytosis in order to replenish the pool of NT-filled SVs. For my thesis I used pH-switchable dyes, both genetically encoded as well as new exogenous ones, for optically analysing SV protein molecules necessary for fusion as well as their retrieval. Exocytosis is mediated by the assembly of low-energy SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) protein complexes formed by the coil-coiling of three SNARE proteins: Synaptosomal associated protein - 25 (SNAP-25), Syntaxin 1A (Syx1A), and Synaptobrevin 2 (Syb2). However, it is unknown how many SNARE complexes are minimally needed for SV priming and fusion at CNS synapses. To resolve this issue, single vesicle fusion events were optically measured in real time using the genetically encoded probe SynaptopHluorin (SpH), a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP), pHluorin (pHl) fused to the luminal domain of the SV SNARE Syb2. Fluorescence responses upon fusion displayed a quantal distribution of SpH molecules into SVs. Quantitative single molecule experiments revealed that the quantal size corresponds to single SpH molecule fluorescence. Surprisingly, when overexpressed on a genetic null background, SpH could fully rescue evoked SV fusion. However, SVs expressing only one copy of SpH were unable to rapidly fuse upon stimulation. Taken together, the first part of the study demonstrates that two copies of SpH and hence two SNARE complexes are necessary and sufficient for SV fusion during fast synaptic transmission.In order to maintain a steady-state rate of synaptic transmission the fused SV constituents are retrieved for further rounds of use by a compensatory process of endocytosis. Although clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is thought to be the predominant mechanism of SV recycling, it seems too slow to account for fast recycling. Therefore, it has been suggested that a pre-sorted and pre-assembled pool of SV proteins on the presynaptic membrane might support the first phase of CME. In the second part of this study the spatial and temporal dynamics of such a readily retrievable pool (RRetP) of SV proteins at the presynaptic membrane of hippocampal neurons was monitored using a novel probe. By applying CypHer 5E, a new cyanine dye-based pH-sensitive exogenous marker, coupled to antibodies against luminal domains of SV proteins, the preferential retrieval of native SV constituents from the RRetP upon exocytosis was demonstrated. The functional size and capacity of this pool was found to closely resemble that of the readily releasable pool (RRP) of docked and primed SVs, suggesting that the RRetP can sustain SV recycling during moderate synaptic activity. Thus, the second part of the thesis demonstrates that small central synapses can avoid SV depletion in response to mild stimulation by having a preassembled pool of ready-to-go SV constituents (RRetP), which efficiently supports compensatory endocytosis to a significant degree without relying on freshly exocytosed SV constituents.


Cognitive science has always been multi-disciplinary, growing as it did out of a recognition that cognition as a general object of study demanded expertise from a variety of fields including psychology, linguistics, computer science and philosophy. More recently, of course, biology has come to play an increasingly important role in this disciplinary mixture.


A first step towards practical sensing in the machining environment is the development and use of low cost, reliable sensors. Historically, the ability to record in-process data at an end mill tool tip has been limited by the sensor location. Often, these sensors are mounted on the material workpiece or the machine spindle at significant physical distance from the cutting process. Of specific interest are the problems of tool chatter which causes limitations to productivity and part quality. Although tool chatter is a substantial issue in machining, it remains an open research topic. In this research, a sensor integrated cutting tool holder is developed to specifically analyze the problems related to tool chatter. With the sensor integrated cutting tool holder, the signal to noise ratio is higher than traditional sensing methods. Because of the higher sensitivity, new data analysis methods can be explored. Specifically, the sensor is used in conjunction with a data dependent linear predictive coding algorithm to demonstrate effective prediction of chatter frequencies from stable cutting.


In many electrophotographic development systems, the developer consists of toner particles (∼10 μ) triboelectrically charged by carrier beads (∼100–250 μ). Since development onto a photoconductor continually removes charged toner from the development system, the carrier‐bead charge would continue to increase with use unless, as happens, the developer net charge is limited by some neutralization mechanism. From a series of measurements on typical developer materials, we rule out electrical conduction and air breakdown as straightforward dominant neutralization mechanisms and find that the neutralization of developer is a multistep process. When the net‐charged developer is agitated, toner migrates through the developer, reducing the net charge in its bulk and leaving a toner‐starved bead layer adhering to any conducting boundary surface. When the developer is further agitated, the surface layer of highly charged adhering beads can be released by either of two charge neutralizing mechanisms. If the beads have conducting cores coated with a polymer, the carrier beads are neutralized by triboelectric charging in the presence of the high electric field due to the net charge on the beads. But if the bead coating integrity is poor, the beads can be neutralized by charge flow from the boundary surface to the conducting bead cores.


BACKGROUND/AIM
High-dose radiation exposure greatly increases the risk of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), however the clinical characteristics of MDS among atomic bomb survivors have not been thoroughly investigated to date. We designed this study to identify these characteristics.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively evaluated data from 13 atomic bomb survivors with MDS and 15 elderly patients with de novo MDS who were diagnosed between April 2011 and April 2013 at the Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital. All patients were treated with azacitidine (AZA; a hypomethylating agent) and overall survival rates were estimated.

RESULTS
No clear difference was observed in the clinical response to AZA between the two groups. However, atomic bomb survivors had a survival disadvantage, independent of their karyotype.

CONCLUSION
Minute genetic alterations caused by exposure to atomic radiation can adversely affect the response to AZA, even 66 years after the exposure. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.


During the past 60 years of China's socialist construction, its higher education policy has experienced dramatic paradigm shifts in line with the nation's transformation from a planned to a market economy. During the 1950s-1970s, the paramount principle of education policy was political in nature and effect. While the fundamental values of education equity were based on the Chinese communist political ideology and education was treated as a public good, equal opportunities were not necessarily guaranteed. Since 1978, contribution to economic growth was prioritised on China's education policy agenda. The political function of education was downgraded to favour a strategy that would accelerate China's march toward economic modernisation. Priority has been shifted from equity to efficiency that is measured almost exclusively in financial terms. Within this process, new winners and losers have been created, with the former far outnumbered by the latter. By tracing current practices to their social and historical roots in order to grasp the essence of paradigm shifts in China's higher education policy during the past six decades, this article argues that as a kind of social action, education policy requires to be observed within certain social, historical environment.


A stretchable region including a first sheet on which the pattern is applied (13) and elastic material (15) includes a flex region where wrinkles are relied pattern is applied (12), used in an absorbent article composite pattern sheet (10), a method for making, the first sheet (13), which prior to being attached to the elastic material (15), with dense by general, i.e. dense grooves (16) is applied, a method is claimed. Groove (16) is attached to the elastic material (15). The resulting composite sheet (10) has a uniform wrinkle pattern. Specific absorbent articles are also claimed.


The development of two shallow mixing layers with different water depths is analyzed experimentally by means of laser Doppler anemometry. The experiments show that bottom friction plays an important role in the growth of the mixing layer width and in the strength and dimensions of the large quasi two-dimensional turbulence structures therein. It is found in this study that the initial growth rate of both mixing layers is similar to what has been found for deep water plane mixing layers. Further downstream the reduction of the growth rate can be ascribed to the decrease of the velocity difference between the two ambient streams in combination with the suppression of the growth of the large turbulence structures. In the most shallow mixing layer considered, the influence of the bottom friction is dominant, impeding the further growth of the mixing layer width. It is demonstrated that the reduced mixing layer growth is related to a loss of coherence in the large turbulence structures. This loss of coherence ...


There were eras where an educated man could only live up to his standard if he was a poet and a philosopher at the same time, or an experimental or a mathematical researcher. I argue that it is time to return back and look into the areas of physics, mathematics, and botany from different perspective of Fibonacci series


The energies for the electronic states X1Σ+ and C′1Δ of BH molecular are scanned using SAC/SAC-CI(Symmetry Adapted Cluster/Symmetry Adapted Cluster-Configuration Interaction) with the basis sets 6-311G**.Then the scanned results are fitted to MurrellSorbie function.In the last,the spectroscopy constants and force constants are also calculated.These results are better than other theoretical results compared with the experimental ones.


The morphological joint fractional Fourier transform correlator (MJFTC), as a modified nonlinear joint fractional Fourier transform correlator (JFTC), is introduced in this paper. An optoelectronic setup that can implement such a nonlinear JFTC is advised and constructed. We investigate the correlation properties of the MJFTC using computer simulation and optical experiments. Numerical and experimental results show that the MJFTC exhibits remarkable improvement in terms of discriminability and peak sharpness compared with the classic JFTC. Moreover, the MJFTC provides better noise tolerance to the salt-and-pepper noise or normally distributed white additive noise than the JFTC and the other nonlinear processing or fractional-order filtering JFTC.


David Greasley and Les Oxley provide an interesting but ultimately unconvincing chalenge to the perspective on the British Industrial Revolution that we have set out in recent articles1. We believe that the issues that they raise are important and deserve a full response. Thus, we take the opportunity to clarify ideas on growth theory and its implications for growth accounting, to review the econometrics of estimating trend growth in an economy undergoing structural change, and to reconsider the persuasiveness of different views of the nature of technological change in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.


Reaction selectivity of Pseudomonas cepacia, Rhizomucor miehei, and Candida antarctica B lipases was assessed in multicompetitive esterification reaction mixtures containing an homologous series of n‐chain even carbon number fatty acid (FA; C4−C18) substrates and a single alcohol cosubstrate (glycerol, 1,2‐propanediol (1,2‐PD), or 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PD)) in tert‐butyl methyl ether at water activity of 0.69 or 0.90 and a reaction temperature of 35 °C. For P. cepacia lipase, the ordinal patterns of FA selectivities observed were, with glycerol, C8 > C10, C6, C16 > other FA; with 1,2‐PD and 1,3‐PD, C16 > C8 > C14 > other FA. For R. miehei lipase, the ordinal patterns of FA selectivities observed were, with glycerol, C8 > C12 > C10, C14 > other FA; with 1,2‐PD and 1,3‐PD, C8 > C12 > other FA. For C. antarctica B lipase, the ordinal patterns of FA selectivities observed were, with glycerol, C8 > C10, C6, C12 > other FA; with 1,2‐PD, C8 > C10, C6 > other FA; and with 1,3‐PD, C8 > C10 > C6 > other FA. The differences in selectivity among FA ranged up to 16‐fold, depending upon the lipase and alcohol cosubstrate used. These findings represent intrinsic and substrate‐modulated features of FA selectivities that are of particular relevance to the use of lipases for acylglycerol synthesis reactions.


Compared with traditional device-to-device (D2D) communication networks, the users in the cache-enabled D2D communication networks can easily obtain their requested contents from the nearby users, and reduce the backhaul costs. In this paper, we investigate the caching strategy for the cache-enabled D2D communication networks, with the consideration of caching placement and caching delivery. The content popularity and user mobility are predicted by a machine learning approach of echo state networks (ESNs) in order to determine which content to cache and where to cache. Furthermore, a deep Q-learning network (DQN) algorithm is proposed to optimize the content delivery problem, with taking the delays and energy consumption into consideration. Simulation results show that the content hit rate and the traffic offloading can be remarkably improved with the proposed approach, compared to the random caching strategy.


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of the pernicious malaria patients complicated with sepsis.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with pernicious malaria disease in the recent eight years of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results In 32 cases of pernicious malaria patients, sepsis developed in 26 cases.Among the cases with sepsis, the severe sepsis developed in 19 cases, and the shock sepsis developed in 2 cases.Among the severe sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction, blood system was the most frequently involved organ, followed by kidney, liver, brain, the lowed albumin and arterial oxygen pressure.31 cases were cured, one patient died of the shock sepsis.Conclusion The Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases are easy complicate with sepsis, and easy develop to severe sepsis.Artemisinine is highly effective for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria.Starting treatment with artermisinine is the key to prevent the sepsis in malaria cases.


Radio over Fiber technology (RoF), an integration of wireless and Fiber optic networks, is an essential technology for the provision of un tethered access to broadband wireless communications in a range of applications including last mile solutions, extension of existing radio coverage and capacity, and backhaul. This paper gives the brief introduction of radio over fiber technology used in communication system. In this paper applications and limitation of the radio over Fiber technology are discussed. Some technologies which are used to transfer radio signal over Fiber are also explained in this review paper. Some ideas of using radio over Fiber technology in wireless technology are also introduced in this paper Keywords—component; formatting; style; styling; insert, ROF technology, IFOF, BBOF, Wireless, Bandwidth


Traffic congestion is one of most important problems generated in the modern era, due to the need to move quickly between different sites, technological development, economic and population growth. Led to a significant increase in private transportation vehicles in urban areas. It has even exceeded the capacity of the planned road in some locations, especially those that attract trips significantly, causes cluster of vehicles, traffic congestion, and delay in the trip, which causes material and psychological costs to people. Therefore, this problem needs to be defined accurately and quickly in order to address it. There are many methods, including the traditional and advanced ones, in determining congestion and the amount of delay. Since determining the amount of delay for many sites is very expensive and takes a long time. We assume there is a method to facilitate data acquisition and delay in a fast and cost-effective manner. Through the use of websites on the Internet, one of which is Google traffic maps. Works to provide data on the traffic situation of the roads in any area, and at any time in the world, which can be used to know the amount of delay of the trip in this area. As it was noted that there is a failure in previous studies to convert this data into a data that can be used. Conversion descriptive data to numerical, for processing an accurate measurement.


Expressions are derived for the Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) of bimolecular reactions in solution occurring on almost every collision, in terms of the parameter B from the temperature-dependence of the solvent viscosity. Applied to a single reaction occurring with constant parameters of reaction in solutions of variable viscosity and variable values of B, it is deduced that over these various solvents, Ea should be a linear function of B, with an intercept approximating to RT, regardless of the magnitude of the (small, constant) critical energy requirement, E* of the reaction. This conclusion negates a recent assertion that the intercept is a measure of E*.


Merging Ti:sapphire oscillator technology with the so-called long cavity oscillator concept brought significant advances in recent years. The main objective of these development efforts were the energy increase of femtosecond laser pulses directly available from Ti:sapphire oscillators. State-of-the-art lasers of this type deliver 30-60 fs pulses with energies approaching the muJ frontier (Naumov et al., 2005). Shorter durations could not be demonstrated from these lasers since there are some inherent limitations in the chirped pulse oscillator technology that set a boundary to the spectral content of the laser output. On the other hand, some spectroscopic, pump-probe and strong-field-like experiments (Dewald et al., 2006), call for broadening the output spectrum (and eventually pulse compression in many cases). Therefore, extracavity solutions are needed. Nevertheless, this is not a trivial task since single-mode fibres are instantly damaged at these pulse energies, whereas their intensity is not enough to produce significant nonlinearities in hollow fibres or bulk samples. In this work we demonstrate supercontinuum generation in a single-mode fibre with chirped 200 nJ pulses, thus eliminating the damage threshold constraint.


Abstract This study explored how one district–community partnership, comprised of seven nonprofit community partners that serve five elementary schools in a single urban school district, improved community literacy. This collective case study used semi-structured interviews to investigate the perspectives of 17 partners and analyzed student assessment data. Results revealed greatest benefits for first grade students and a need for consistent district leadership. This research is viewed through Hanleybrown, Kania, and Kramer's (2012) collective impact framework.


In the rat, adjuvant arthritis (AA) is an inflammatory joint disease associated with chronic stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis and altered regulation of pituitary prolactin and GH mRNA expression. In the present study we have compared the effects of different periods of administration of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA) on the activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis and the changes in pituitary prolactin and GH mRNA accumulation that accompany AA. CsA given during any tested time period of 5 d prior to decapitation (on d 14 and 21 following adjuvant injection) induced a reduction in the raised levels of plasma ACTH and corticosterone (B) and anterior pituitary POMC mRNA seen in untreated AA animals. This effect was more prominent when CsA was given in the period immediately prior to sacrifice (d 9-14 and d 14-19, respectively). In animals killed on d 14 following adjuvant injection, CsA given during the period immediately prior to sacrifice induced a decrease in anterior pituitary prolactin and GH mRNA levels in comparison to levels observed in untreated AA animals. On the other hand, GH and prolactin mRNA levels were increased in animals given CsA on d 9-14 and d 14-19 and killed on d 21 post-injection. These data suggest that an active immunological stimulus is an important component of the pituitary-adrenal axis activation seen in AA and is at least in part responsible for the changes in prolactin and GH mRNA expression during the development of this disease.