Welcome to Kingslea School, a special, composite school that caters for students in four different Child, Youth and Family secure residences throughout New Zealand. Some of our students are placed in residence for their own care and protection, and others are sentenced by the courts as youth offenders, but almost without exception they come to us with a chronic history of failure and non-attendance at school. Their time in residence can be anything from a few days to a few months or more. They are generally aged from about twelve to sixteen and they are the most difficult of the difficult.


The life cycle patterns of polystomatid monogeneans show considerable diversity. Amongst representatives infecting anuran amphibians, parasite population size might be expected to show marked differences in relation to whether transmission occurs continuousiy, at annual intervais, or only once in the host's lifetime. However, with few exceptions, infection levels are more or less consistently low regardiess of life cycle pattern. Factors which regulate the populations of polystomatids in anuran amphibians are reviewed, focusing on eontrols affecting parasite invasion and subsequent post-infection survival. Evidence for a range of constraints is considered, including external environmental factors (especially temperature), host factors (including behaviourand survivorship) and parasite factors (including intra-specific competition).


Using the field cycling technique, nuclear quadrupole couplings are measured on the first neighbouring shells of titanium, vanadium and iron in aluminium. The results confirm previous measurements in AlSc, AlMn and AlCr: they show a progressive attenuation of the quadrupolar couplings on the nuclei close to the impurity along the 3d series.


A chained neural oscillator network model is analyzed for a possible mechanism of generation of biological rhythm, such as locomotion and peristaltic movement. Each oscillator unit is inhibited by its nearest neighbors. Numerical analysis using a Poincare map and computer simulation of the model clarify the characteristics of oscillation. It is found that among multi-stable oscillatory solutions, the traveling wave mode is generated by the chained networks of ring and linear structures, and that it can occur not only by setting proper initial conditions but also by transition from other modes with the change of a parameter.<<ETX>>


Microbiological and Proximate analyses were performed on suya to ascertain its safety. Total viable count (TVC), E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella, Shigella and yeast and mould were determined to measure its microbiological quality. Mean and range of these microbial groups varied. Range count of the microbes was of the order log 0.0 – 8.08 CFU/g. Variation also occurred in distribution and % frequency of different microorganisms isolated from suya samples with average % of 64, 62, 47 and 31 for E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella, Shigella respectively. The overall mean value for TVC was log10 6.69cfu/g, whereas E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella, Shigella, yeast and mould were log10 4.33, 5.65, 4.17, 3.43 and 3.95 CFU/g of suya respectively. There is statistically significant difference (P< 0.05) between S. aureus and other organisms. Shigella and Salmonella were significantly (P< 0.05) lower than E. coli and S. aureus. Proximate composition of the suya showed variation in crude protein, crude fat, ash and moisture content. We concluded that suya sold in the area were microbiologically unsafe and recommended improved hygiene in the process and distribution line.


The first Neighbourhood Justice Centre has recently been set up in Australia and forms part of a worldwide neighbourhood justice movement which focuses upon local justice solutions. These models are based around community courts operating as part of broader justice initiatives which reposition the relationship between the community and the justice system. This article explores the drivers of neighbourhood court solutions and systemic issues which may impact upon the success of these community court models.


TAG72 originally defined by the mouse B72.3 antibody is a mucin-like, human tumor-associated antigen present in more than 85% of human colonic adenocarcinomas. Establishment of a tumor model expressing the TAG72 antigen in immunocompetent animals would be of great benefit in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and studying anti-tumor immune mechanisms of anti-TAG72 immunoreagents. In this study, we screened 6 animal tumor cell lines including 3 derived from mouse colonic adenocarcinomas (MCR-26, MCR-38-LD and CA-51), 1 from mouse ovarian adenocarcinoma (MOT), 1 from rat colonic adenocarcinoma LMCR, and 1 from rat mammalial adenocarcinoma (R3230AB) for TAG72 expression by using the B72.3 antibody. Immunohistochemistry disclosed significant amounts of TAG72-expression in the dimethylhydrazine-induced BDIX rat colonic adenocarcinoma LMCR. The rat TAG72 antigen purified from rat LMCR tumors showed strong immunoreactivity for the B72.3 antibody in ELISA analysis and displayed a smear band of high molecular wei...


Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell is the most recent version in the evolution of cellular therapy with promising responses, which has revolutionized the management of some hematological malignancies in the current times. As the clinical use has progressed rather rapidly since the first approval in 2017, toxicities beyond cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell‐associated neurological syndrome have surfaced. Cytopenias are common in <30 days ("early"), 30–90 days ("short‐term") as well as >90 days ("prolonged"); and have clinical implications to patient care as well as resource utilization. We review the details of etiology, factors associated with cytopenias, and management considerations for patients with cytopenias for each of these time‐frames. This would potentially serve as a clinical guide for hematological toxicity or CAR‐T‐OPENIA, which is commonly encountered with the use of CAR T‐cell therapy.


The extraction and recognition of shipping container's identifier is difficult since the scale or the location of identifiers are not fixed-form and input images have some external noises. In this paper, based on these facts, first, edges are detected from input images using canny masking, and regions of container's Identifiers are extracted by applying horizontal and vertical histogram method to canny masked images. We use a fuzzy thresholding method to binaries the extracted container's identifier regions, and contour tracking algorithm to extract individual identifiers. In experimental results, we confirmed that the proposed method is superior In performance.


The slab of CRTS-I ballastless track on Hada passenger line was designed to be post tensioned biaxial stress construction,which complied with the requirements of construction and characteristic in heavy frost region for the good resistance to the freezing and cracking.In this paper,the construction features and production process of slab were introduced,and the quality control of concrete was specially presented.


A 45nm CMOS 7b nonbinary 2b/cycle SAR ADC that operates up to 1GS/s with a 1.25V supply is presented. Use of a nonbinary decision scheme for decision error correction in a 2b/cycle structure not only increases the ADC speed with a relaxed DAC settling requirement but also makes the performance robust to reference fluctuation and signal-dependent comparator offset variation. Proposed dynamic registers and a register-to-DAC direct control scheme enhance the conversion speed by minimizing logic delay in the decision loop. At a sampling rate of 1 GS/s, the chip achieves a peak SNDR of 41.6dB and maintains ENOB higher than 6b up to 1.3GHz signal frequency. The FoM is 80fJ/ conversion-step at 1GS/s with a power consumption of 7.2mW.


In digital data processing system having a memory component, structure and method for managing available memory resources. Free pointer for each free memory block is stored in the memory block to be maintained as a linked list. In systems with hierarchically structured memory components, a small number of free pointer is held at a relatively high level of the memory, the remainder of the free pointer is held at a relatively low performance levels in the memory.


The study was conducted to compare the incidence of right-horn and left-horn pregnancies in Holstein Freisian-Sahiwal dairy cows and heifers. Pregnancy diagnosis was done by rectal palpation. Pregnancies wherein the corpus luteum is on the same side or on the opposite side of the pregnant horn is also presented. Six hundred seventy-eight dairy cows and 178 dairy heifers from four dairy farms in Laguna and Batangas provinces were used in the study. The study showed that 64.2% of the cows examined had right-horn pregnancy which was higher (P<0.05) than left-horn pregnancy at 35.8%. For the heifers, right-horn pregnancy (61.2%) was also higher (P<0.05) than left left-horn pregnancy (38.8%). There was no significant difference between right and left-horn pregnancies in the cows and heifers examined. The study also showed that of the 678 cows and 178 heifers, 98.1% and 97.8%, respectively had corpus luteum on the same side of the pregnant horn. These figures were higher (P<0.05) than the 13 or 1.9% of the pregnant cows and 4 or 2.2% of the heifers with corpus luteum on the opposite side of the pregnant horn. The present study confirms previous findings that the incidence of right-horn pregnancy is higher than left-horn pregnancy and in almost all cases, the corpus luteum was on the same side of the pregnant horn. Key words: corpus luteum, dairy cattle, left horn, pregnancy, rectal palpation, right-horn


The investigation on preparation of ready-to-serve beverage from Aonla using sugar substitutes was conducted at ICAR-CIPHET, Abohar (Punjab) during 2014–15. The experiment was laid out in completely randomised design with three replications and four treatments viz., sucrose, aspartame, sucralose and stevia with 50% juice made by blending of 60% of aonla, 20% pomegranate and 20% aloe vera. The RTS beverage with no sugar was the control. Sugar substitutes were used in place of sugar based on sugar equivalents. The required quantities of juice, sugar substitutes, water and citric acid were calculated. Strained fruit juice and freshly prepared sugar syrup were mixed together in the proportion as per the recipes on weight basis. The prepared RTS beverages were stored up to six months and analysed for chemical composition and sensory quality attributes sensory quality attributes at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days intervals at ambient conditions. At the end of storage, RTS with stevia 4% was found best among all in term biochemical and sensory quality. During storage period, the TSS, acidity and total sugars increased, while pH, and ascorbic acid decreased. The RTS beverage had storage stability up to six months. The developed RTS could be recommended for the large scale production at industrial level.


The year 2015 is important for sustainable development: the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have expired and have been replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in September, and from November 30th to December 11th, the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21/CMP11) will be held. The COP21/CMP11 aims to reach a universal, legally binding agreement to combat climate change and boost the transition towards resilient, low-carbon societies and economies. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming (mitigation) and helping societies adapt to existing climate change are seen as measures the agreement should equally focus on. The group that is likely to suffer most from climate change is poor rural households in developing countries who mainly rely on small-scale agriculture for their livelihood. In large parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, the two regions with the highest incidence of undernutrition, the MDG of cutting hunger by half has not been met (United Nations 2014). Reaching the still more ambitious SDG 2 (end hunger until 2030, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture) appears to be a daunting task even in the absence of climate change. By lowering agricultural yields in some regions, climate change adds to the challenge. This policy brief therefore argues for a particular focus on agricultural production and food security in the current COP21 to help the largest possible number of people satisfy the most basic need of being well nourished.


One might well say that the study of Narek's Book of Prayers is one of Armenology's most rewarding fields. Theologians, philologists, philosophers, linguists and, more recently, medical psychologists, have taken note of St. Grigor Narekats'i's work, and continue to do so. However, despite the existence of so many studies, there remains much to be done with regard to ferreting out the sources used in the Book of Prayers. The present article is devoted to an examination of one such source, which by virtue of both its form and its content may be considered both theoretically and theologically fundamental to the central theme of Narek's work: repentance.


With the development and widespread use of stable nuclide ~(13)C-breath test in evaluating gastric emptying, its relative problems are emerging gradually.As an indirect quantificational tool for measuring gastric emptying,it is important to understand the principle of ~(13)C-breath test and analyze the test results properly in clinical practice.This article aimed to elucidate the principle of ~(13)C-breath test,and to compare with the other gastric emptying methods,types of testing reagent,metabolism of breath test substrate ~(13)C-octanoic/acetate acid,the transit and distribution of ~(13)C etc.,so as to help the clinicians to understand the principle and results of ~(13)C-breath test.


Linear regression models were developed for Douglas fir needle, female cone, branch, and bark decomposition in seven stands representing four mature vegetation types in western Oregon. Rate constants (k) for annual weight loss of needles ranged from 0.22 to 0.31 year−1, from 0.047 to 0.083 year−1 for cones, from 0.059 to 0.089 year−1 for branches, and from 0.005 to 0.040 year−1 for bark. The decomposition constant (k) of needles had a negative linear correlation (P < 0.01) with maximum plant moisture stress and temperature growth index of the seven stands. In comparing substrate quality of needle and woody litter components, k was more closely correlated with lignin content than with C:N ratio.


Abstract Introduction: Mental health and survey of it's influencing factors has been the focus of many researchers. Examples of these factors are metacognitive beliefs and self-efficacy. On one hand metacognition has been surveyed as base of many psychological dysfunction and on the other hand, people should believe their ability to make these changes for changing the undesirable behaviours and choosing suitable hygienic behaviours, which lack of this belief disturbes the motivation of people to change the behaviours related to mental health. So this research has been done to survey relationship between metacognitive beliefs and self-efficacy with mental health of M.A studentas in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
Method: The method of this research is descriptive and is of correlation kind. For this purpose, 150 M.A students who are studying in 89-90 academic year in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, were selected according to Sample Size Formula and using Stratified Random Method. They were assessed using metacognitive questionnaires of Velz(2000) including 30 options, General self-efficacy of Shrer(1982) including 17 options, and General Health of Goldberg(1979), 28-question Form. With regard to sightly hypotheses in this research, we used Descriptive Statistics methods (mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient of Pearson) and Inference Statistics methods(independent t test, multiple regression with enter and stepwise method).Data analysis were done by Spss.16.
Findings: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show that there is significant correlation between metacognitive beliefs with mental health of students(r=0/29, p<0/001). The other result of this research show that self-efficacy has significant relationship with mental health,too(r=-0/73, p<0/001). The results of enter regression analyze show that generally, %59 of mental health variance of all the studentas can be explained by metacognitive beliefs and self-efficacy. The results of regression analyze with stepwise method show that metacognition and self-eeficacy for girls and only self-efficacy for boys have the capability of prediction of mental health (p<0/001). There has been no significant difference between the mean of girls' and boys' scores in three mentioned variables.
Results: Since mental health is one of the treatable topics nowadays and metacognitive beliefs and self-efficacy have the capability of prediction of this important issue, so the education systems should reinforce these two issues.


In this paper a new design methodology for high order multi-bit continuous time Delta Sigma modulators is proposed. It provides a crystal-clear argument for the selection of the coefficients of the modulator. The strategy of this paper is to design the modulator in z-domain and then to convert the modulator to s-domain.


Five-year data of the influence of direct affect and the post action of decomposed turkey droppings on the sunflower husk on crop productivity in three-level field crop rotation of spring barley sunflower -spring barley and in a comparison of its action with the effect of fertilizers on crop yields were presented in the article. The affect of the droppings exceeded affect of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of field crop rotation link in a dose of N90P90K90 on 0,79 t/ ga or on 16%


This study was designed to ascertain the prevalence of tick parasites on dogs found in five (5) local communities of Abak Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. At the end of the research, it was discovered that there is a high prevalence of tick parasitization on dogs in the study area. This therefore calls for a need for further investigation and information on these parasites from other areas so as to enable animal care givers and Veterinarians formulate a master plan that will aid in tackling and managing ticks and their associated diseases.


The Law Commission's long-standing commitment to codification of the criminal law! has recently been given fresh impetus. In Codification of the Criminal Law: A Report to the Law Commission' a small group of academic lawyers, chaired by Professor J. C. Smith of Nottingham University," have prepared, at the Commission's invitation, a report on codification together with a draft Criminal Code Bill setting out in codified form the general principles of criminal liability and a number of substantive offences. Beginning with this issue, the Journal intends to publish a series of articles dealing with various aspects of the Report and the Draft Code. It was felt that it would be appropriate to commence the series with a review of the justification for undertaking the task of codification. For it is clear that justification is required. Codification is not a simple task. It will make significant demands on the legislative process and the legal profession. A Criminal Code Bill will be relativelylarge (depending on the number of substantive offences incorporated) and is unlikely to be uncontroversial. It will almost certainly consume a large slice of Parliamentary time and may need to be introduced in more than one session. If passed, the Criminal Code Act will require some degree of re-education on the part of the profession and indeed all those who work with, and in, the criminal justice process. They will need to become familiar with a new criminal statute conceived of as a coherent whole and which needs to be used as such, although it must be said that much of the


Today the implementation of road infrastructure development using concrete pavement is experiencing rapid development because it can serve heavy and heavy traffic loads. But there are some problems that often arise in the use of concrete for pavement, causing damage (cracks). Repair of concrete cracks using pressure grouting method is one solution that can be used to improve the strength of concrete. This study discusses the comparison of the effectiveness of using polyurethane and epoxy materials in an effort to improve the rigid pavement structure. The research method used was to carry out repairs to the concrete structure on the Independence Patriotic-Road Section of Pekalongan City using polyurethane and epoxy materials. In this study each of the 5 existing normal (non-damaged) concrete samples, concrete repaired with polyurethane material and repaired concrete using epoxy material using core drill method, which will then be tested for compressive strength in the laboratory, as well as hammer test testing. to find out the strength of the existing concrete damage. The results showed that the average compressive strength of normal existing concrete (not damaged) amounted to 59.20 N/mm2, the average compressive strength of concrete that experienced cracks was 27.04 N/mm2, the average compressive strength value of repair concrete using polyurethane material is 31.92 N/mm2 (increasing by 15.17%) and the average compressive strength of concrete repair using epoxy material is 45.22 N/mm2 (increased by 56.53%).


Objective: Women's empowerment and gender equality are widely acknowledged as being essential to progress in all spheres. The objective of this study is to examine the factors that motivate women to join Kudumbashree Units in Kerala, with a focus on empowering women and promoting gender equality in the development process.

Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the understanding that women's empowerment and gender equality are crucial for progress in all aspects of society. The Kudumbashree scheme aims to eradicate poverty and empower underprivileged rural women through the establishment of microcredit and profitable businesses.

Method: The study involves female members of Kudumbashree units in Kerala, with a total sample size of 399. The study analyses the variables that influence women's decision to join the Kudumbashree Units, comparing them on a group-by-group basis.

Results and Conclusion: The results indicate that, except for the variables of Family environment and Supports/Relationships, there are no significant differences in the factors influencing women's decision to join Kudumbashree Units in Kerala across different groups.

Implications of the Research: The research highlights the importance of understanding the factors that encourage women to participate in initiatives like Kudumbashree Units. The findings can inform policymakers and program implementers in designing strategies to promote women's participation and empowerment.

Originality/Value: This study contributes to the understanding of women's empowerment and gender equality in the context of Kudumbashree Units in Kerala. It provides insights into the factors influencing women's decision to join such units, offering valuable information for program planning and implementation.


A number of biotic indices (Biological Monitoring Working Party-BMWP, Average Score Per Taxa-ASPT, Belgian Biotic Index-BBI, Family Biotic Index-FBI, Saproby Index-SI, Extended Biotic Index-EBI, Biotic Index for Pampean Rivers and Streams-IBPAMP), diversity indices (Margalef-MDI, Simpson-SDI and Shannon and Weaver-SWDI Diversity indices) and EPT% (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera), EPT/Chironomus%, based on benthic macroinvertebrates in relation to physicochemical parameters, have been applied in assessing the water quality of the Rivers Cukurca and Isparta (Mediterranean Region, Turkey). According to the results, the water quality in both rivers varied from weak to excellent. From the indices, SWDI index of the diversity indices and BBI index of the biotic indices seem to be the most reliable. All indices, except EBI were found applicable for Mediterranean Region in Turkey. More researches must be carried out, to get exact decisions about the applicability of EBI in Turkey's rivers.

 Key words: Biotic index, diversity index, macro-zoobenthos, water quality, Turkey.


The Thomas oil field, located in the southwest corner of Kay County, Oklahoma, has produced approximately 3,000,000 barrels of oil from five horizons ranging from Pennsylvanian to Ordovician in age; but the major part of the production has come from the Wilcox sand (Ordovician). Though the Thomas field does not rank as a major pool in point of production, it is of exceptional geological interest because of certain structural features of the pre-Pennsylvanian rocks and because of evidences which it yields as to the geological history of the area. At the close of Mississippian time a small segment of sedimentary rocks was elevated approximately 1,000 feet above the adjacent area. Subsequent erosion removed about 400 feet of sediments from the top of this eminence, leaving a hill with the Wilcox sand (Ordovician) exposed at the crest and truncated surfaces of the "white lime" (Ordovician) Chattanooga shale (Devonian), and "Mississippi lime" (Mississippian) successively exposed on the flanks. Later, Pennsylvanian and Permian sediments were deposited over the area, and this hill of resistant rocks impressed a structural likeness of its topographic form upon the successive layers of the younger rocks, with gradually diminishing intensity as the thickness of intervening sediments increased.


On physical examination, he had hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice 3+/4+, dyspnea, SaPO2 93%, and whitish plaques on the tongue. Complementary tests revealed upper gastrointestinal bleeding on endoscopy; interstitial infiltrate, lymph node enlargement, and bronchial thickening on chest radiography; and visceromegaly on abdominal ultrasound. The laboratory profile revealed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia and mild leukocytosis (hemoglobin 4.8 g/dL, hematocrit 30.1%, leukocytes 11,800/mm3, platelets 45,000/mm3), besides intracellular structures in neutrophils suggestive of Histoplasma capsulatum in the blood smear (Figure 1A and 1B). The biochemistry was suggestive of an active inflammatory process (CRP 1040.0 mg/dL, DHL 1166 U/L), CD4 23/mm3. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis for opportunistic pathogens was initiated; however, the patient progressed to a serious general condition and died from acute respiratory failure and septic shock in the second week of hospitalization.


Vineyards in the Azores have been traditionally settled on lava field "terroirs" but the practical limitations of mechanization and high demand on man labor imposed by the typical micro parcel structure of these vineyards contradict the sustainability of these areas for wine production, except under government policies of heavy financial support. Besides the traditional vineyards there are significant areas in some of the islands whose soils, climate and physiographic characteristics suggest a potential for wine production that deserves to be object of an assessment, with a view to the development of new vineyard areas offering conditions for a better management and sustainability.


Kang Kaiyi from the Shanghai Municipal AIDS Surveillance Center is quoted as saying that global AIDS control may benefit from China's rigorous and scientific research on the impact of traditional herbal medicines on AIDS treatment. Media attention to major breakthroughs in research should be cautious. Sufficient evidence about effectiveness should be compiled by pharmacologists before making announcements to the world press. China now has 133 advanced AIDS cases. The number of HIV cases increased from 4305 in August 1996 to 5157 at the end of October 1996. 86 people have already died of AIDS. Kang Kaiyi and others in the research group found that a locally-developed herbal medicine was partially effective in improving the immune systems of animals. There were no long- or short-term toxic effects. The herbal medicine was administered to several AIDS patients, who showed a reduction in symptoms and resumed functioning of their immune systems. The tests showed that HIV RNA was evident in the blood of these AIDS patients. Kang indicated that the Chinese press should not overemphasize these preliminary findings. Further evidence is needed before a major pronouncement can be made to the scientific community. There is need to control medicine quality and to perform detailed observations in a clinical setting. The objective is to develop effective, affordable drugs for the treatment of AIDS.


This study investigates the impacts of tourism on vegetation and soil on campsites in PallasYllastunturi National Park, Northern Finland. Altogether, 19 campsites were surveyed to estimate the current condition of campsites and to specify factors affecting the amount of disturbance. Our results indicate that the location of campsite structures is the most important factor determining the size of disturbed area on campsites. Distance between wilderness huts and campfire sites explained the size of disturbed area, whereas the age of the campsite and number of visitors had no impact. The total disturbed area on campsites varied between different vegetation types, mountain biotopes being the most sensitive. Our results suggest that the disturbed area can be minimized by locating campsites in trampling tolerant environments and by building the structures compactly within each campsite.


The natural succession sequence and process of vegetation have great referrence value in restoring to the natural vegetation by artificial auxiliary.Based on quadrat zetetic natural shrubs of different sealed years in Miyun mountain areas of Beijing,vegetation community features,structure composition,the number of species,biomass,the change of biodiversity and successional trend were analyzed.The results indicate that with sealed years increasing,the evolution trend of shrub vegetation was from Vitex negundo var.heterophylla and Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa association to Vitex negundo var.heterophylla and Myripnois dioic association and from Vitex negundo var.heterophylla and Spiraea trilobata association to Spiraea trilobata association.The importance value of Populus davidiana and Tilia and Quercus mongolica increased fast for natural secondary tree species in shrubs.When sealed years limit was 5--15 of years,shrub species was from 12 to 31,and anbor species from 0 to 8.Compared with the sealed culture of 5 years,the biomass in sealed culture of 15 years increased to 2.34 times.The diversity index of plants,evenness index of community and encounter probability of interspecies increased with the sealed years.It is estimated that with the increase of sealed years,the natural Spiraea trilobata shrub will become Populus davidiana and Betula forest or Tilia and broadleaved trees mixed forest.


Using ab initio calculations, we investigated the effects of strains on the magnetic properties of Fe/graphene heterojunctions. The changed electronic structures of Fe layer by contacting graphene sheet reduced the magnetic anisotropy and increased the magnetic moment of Fe layer. Through the analysis of the electronic density of states of decomposed Fe 3d orbitals and C 2pz orbital, we found that the 3dyz, 3dzx, and 3dz2 orbitals are attributed to the changed magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropy of Fe/graphene by biaxial strain.


Neoplastic cells were positive for CKAE1/AE3 (perinuclear-dot), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) (heterogeneous) and rarely CK7, raising the hypothesis of a poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. However, CD56 was focal and synaptophysin, chromogranin, CK20, CK5/6, CDX-2, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), human paired box 8 (PAX8) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were negative. Despite CK-positivity, given its 'plasmablastic' morphology, supplementary stains were performed. CD45 and CD30 were diffusely positive, as was ALK (diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear staining). Regarding B cell/plasmacytic markers, the cells were positive for CD79a (weak), Oct2, CD138 (weak), CD38 (heterogeneous), multiple myeloma 1 (MUM1) and immunoglobulin (Ig)A, kappa light chain-restricted and negative for CD20, PAX5 and Bob1. CD4 was strongly positive, but all other T cell markers (CD3, CD5, CD2, CD7, CD8) were negative. Cytotoxic markers [T cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA-1) and perforin, but not granzyme B] were positive, as were Bcl6 and cMYC (40%). The proliferation index (Ki67) was approximately 90%. CD10, Bcl2, CD15, CD23, cyclinD1, SOX11, p53, EBV (in-situ hybridisation), HHV8, PS100, SOX 10, Melan-A, CD117, CD99, SALL4, CD163 and CD68 were negative (Figure 1). Molecular studies [polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] showed a B cell clone without a T cell clone. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) studies showed an ALK rearrangement (but none of cMYC) and multiplex reverse transcription–PCR (RT–PCR) assay showed an NPM1e4–ALKe20 rearrangement. A targeted NGS sequencing using a 36-gene panel dedicated to B cell lymphomas disclosed no pathogenic mutations, only a TNFAIP3 variant of undetermined significance (VAF 50%; c.1075A>G, p.Asn359Asp, NM_006290). Thus, despite the misleading cell surface markers' positivity which might point towards a T cell origin, the fact that the neoplastic cells showed kappa light chain restriction and IgA-positivity, coupled with the presence of a dominant B cell clone in the absence of a monoclonal T cell population, provides valuable support that they are indeed of B cell origin. Therefore, a diagnosis of ALK-positive LBCL was retained.


Research Summary: Entrepreneurial ecosystems have recently emerged as a popular concept within entrepreneurship policy and practitioner communities. Specifically, they are seen as a regional economic development strategy that is based around creating supportive environments that foster innovative start-ups. However, existing research on entrepreneurial ecosystems has been largely typological and atheoretical and has not yet explored how they influence the entrepreneurship process. This article critically examines the relationships between ecosystems and other existing literatures such as clusters and regional innovation systems. Drawing on this background, the article suggests that a process-based view of ecosystems provides a better framework to understand their role in supporting new venture creation. This framework is used to explain the evolution and transformation of entrepreneurial ecosystems and to create a typology of different ecosystem structures.

Managerial Summary: Entrepreneurial ecosystems are a new buzzword within research and managerial circles. They represent the types of cultural, social, economic, and political environments within a region that support high-growth entrepreneurship. But current research does little more than look at successful ecosystems to identify best practices. This article examines what we know about entrepreneurial ecosystems and links them with existing theories like clusters and regional innovation systems. We argue that successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurship within an ecosystem generates critical entrepreneurial resources like investment capital, skilled workers, and entrepreneurial knowledge. This, in turn, supports future high-growth venture creation. The types of resources available in an ecosystem and the ability of these resources to flow through social networks helps separate strong, well-functioning ecosystems from weak, poorly functioning ones.


The paper presents a variant analysis of the structure of SOEC systems. The main parameters of such systems are indicated and commented. The comparison of various configurations is shown in terms of efficiency obtained. High efficiency (70%) hydrogen generation seems possible with systems like these.


High-frequency localized vibrational modes of impurities in a III-V compound have been observed by Raman scattering. Three lines from the GaP samples closely correspond to some local modes previously reported in infrared studies, and depolarization measurements tend to confirm their proposed assignments, We describe several attractive features of this method for the study of semiconductor impurities, It


The present investigation was carried out to characterize 126 Staphylococcus aureus isolates isolated from 1230 mastitic milk samples of buffaloes and cows. Phenotypic characterization included tube coagulase test, thermostable nuclease test and latex agglutination test. Genotypic characterization involved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on the nuclease gene (nuc) encoding thermostable nuclease enzyme. Among phenotypic tests, thermostable nuclease test was found to be most sensitive. As many as 97.62% of isolates were found positive for nuclease gene (nuc) with amplified product of size 270 bp. Thus, PCR assay was found to be most rapid, sensitive and specific assay for accurate identification of Staphylococcus aureus up to species level as compared to other phenotypic tests and represents an innovative diagnostic tool for screening of large number of staphylococcal isolates.


For a class of fractional order system which has similar structure to the traditional first order inertia link transfer function,the scope of the parameters which can ensure the stability of such fractional order system is given and the relation-ship between time response and the fractional order is analyzed.Then both the fractional order controller PIλ and integer order controller PI are designed based on such kind of fractional order system.The parameters of the controllers are obtained by particle swarm optimization algorithm.Results show that both the controllers can achieve satisfactory performance,so the methods proposed in this paper are effective.Considering that the integer order controller PI is more simple and easy to realize compared with the fractional order controller PIλ,therefore the controller PI is preferential when controlling such kind of fractional order object in engineering practice.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of two strategies aimed at improving the prescription of antibiotics in the primary care context.

DESIGN
Experimental crossed-intervention study, with control group and randomised allocation to groups.

SETTING
Two primary care helth districts (Camas and Sierra Norte).

PARTICIPANTS
84 general practitioners for whom computerised prescription data were available, and who worked for over 40% of the working days of the study period. Interventions. In the intervention group, training sessions were conducted and written information was sent out. In the control group, only written information was sent.

MAIN MEASUREMENTS
The impact of the interventions was evaluated through the student´s t test for paired data. Variables were the DHD of antibiotics, selection of first-level antibiotics and %RSP of antibiotics out of total pharmaceutical cost. Secondary measurements included duration of the effect of the intervention and description of the group who responded.

RESULTS
In the intervention group, the DHD dropped significantly (from 17.4±1.4 to 12.2±0.9) (P<.05), as did the %RSP (from 6.96%±0.6 to 5.19%±0.8), as against the control group. The impact of the intervention lasted 1.5 years, when information was sent at one year from the intervention. The profile of the doctors who responded to the intervention was women aged 46 with MIR (residential) training.

CONCLUSIONS
To modify antibiotic prescription habits, training sessions accompanied by written information gives good lasting results. The profiles of respondents/non-respondents depended on sex, age and training.


There's Still a Person in There offers an optimistic, sensitive approach to dealing with something we all contemplate with trepidation. The changes that accompany Alzheimer's can lead to a new way of communication and allow you and your loved ones to appreciate one another even more in these later years of your lives together. From thorough, accessible descriptions of modern medical advances traditional and alternative to touching accounts from caregivers, this book provides a sense of understanding and readiness for what may lie ahead for you and your loved ones.


A project called "Recycling of Tunnel Excavation Material" has been running since November 2008, supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) and eminent Austrian client organisations and companies engaged in tunnelling and hydropower station construction, to investigate the possible recycling of tunnel excavation material at eleven selected Austrian tunnel and hydropower projects. This is intended to demonstrate economical and environmentally positive recycling. Test strategies are also to be developed for the evaluation of the reusability of tunnel excavation material from the point of view of construction management and economics, both for the individual projects and also relevant to the main lithologies likely to be encountered in Austrian tunnels.


When a certain effect in textiles can be achieved on two different weaving apparatuses, it is common practice to assume the simpler method to be the more primitive and thus antecedent to the more advanced technique. This paper will discuss two unique Japanese weaving methods that testify to the fact that simple techniques do not always predate their more sophisticated counterparts. In these examples, the simpler weaving methods were actually created in imitation of preexisting textiles from other regions that had been woven on more complex looms. The first of these examples is the Japanese method for voided velvet; the other is a double cloth woven on the small island of Hachijo.


We study non-equilibrium steady state transport in scale invariant quantum junctions with focus on the particle and heat fluctuations captured by the two-point current correlation functions. We show that the nonlinear behavior of the particle current affects both the particle and heat noise. The existence of domains of enhancement and reduction of the noise power with respect to the linear regime are observed. The impact of the statistics is explored. We demonstrate that the bosonic particle noise exceeds the fermionic one in the common domain of heat bath parameters. Multi-lead configurations are also investigated and the effect of probe terminals on the noise is discussed.


A method for measuring the setting characteristics of elastomeric impression materials is described. In addition, the setting characteristics of a number of elastomeric impression materials are presented and discussed.


Concurrent witness evidence or "hot tubbing" is a novel method of delivering expert witness evidence. It has been used primarily in civil litigation cases where evidence is tendered to the court by experts in a panel-style discussion. Experts from similar disciplines and often from competing interests are asked to give evidence together in an attempt to better understand the issues at hand and give clarity to areas of agreement and disagreement. In our experience, this method is of benefit, allowing key issues to be highlighted in a timely and efficient manner. Our experience of hot tubbing is relatively unique in the setting of forensic pathology and we present a case where evidence was given in this manner and briefly review its application.


Krol et al. "Macroscopic pKa Calculations for Fluorescein and Its Derivatives" Journal of Chemical Theory & Computation 2006, 2. 1520-1529.* Urano et al. "Evolution of Fluorescein as a Platform for Finely Tunable Fluorescence Probes' Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005, 127,4888-4894.* CAS registry file, Mar. 7, 2001.* Chemical abstracts Registry No. 325993-71-3 entered on Mar. 7, 2001 from the catalog of OAK Samples Trading, Ltd.* C.F. Li, et al., Photoluminescence of PMMA doped with fluorescein and carbosilane dendrimer and lasing in PBG resonance cavity, ScienceDirect, Journal of Luminescence vol. 127, pp. 321-326, 2007 Elsevier B.V. T. Konstantinova, et al. On the Synthesis of Copolymers of Acrylamide with Fluorescent Dyes, Derivatives of 9-Phenylxanthene, Journal of the Univ. Of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 41, 2, 2006, pp. 143-146. V.B. Bojinov, et al., Novel polymerizable light emitting dyes—com bination of a hindered amine with 9-Phenylxanthene fluorophore. Synthesis and photophysical investigations, ScienceDirect, Dyes and Pigments, vol. 74, pp. 187-194, 2006 Elsevier Ltd. N. Merbouh, et al., 3-Mercaptopropanol as a Traceless Linker for Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides, Organic Letters, vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 651-653, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007. B.A. Sparano, et al., Effect of Binding Conformation on Fluores cence Quenching in New 2,7-Dichlorofluorescein Derivatives, Organic Letters, vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 1947-1949, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004. D. Yang, etal, A Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for the Detection and Imaging of Peroxynitrite in Living Cells, vol. 128, pp. 6004 6005, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006. N. C. Ganguly, et al., Mild and efficient deprotection of allyl ethers of phenols and hydroxycoumarins using a palladium of charcoal cata lyst and ammonium formate, ScienceDirect, Tetrahedron Letters vol. 47, pp. 5807-5810, 2006 Elsevier Ltd. J. Mitra, et al., Palladium (II) catalyzed oxidation reactions of coumarin derivatives, vol. 31B, Oct. 1992, pp. 693-695, J. Indian Chem. Soc. D.R. Buckle, et al., Aryloxyalkyloxyand Aralkyloxy-4-hydroxy-3nitrocoumarins Which Inhibit Histamine Release in the Ratand Also Antagonize the Effects of a Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis, vol. 22, pp. 158-168, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979. K.R. Shah, et al., Studies in the Synthesis of Furocoumarins Part XXI: Synthesis of Furocoumestan derivatives, vol. LII, Mar. 1975, pp. 224-226, J. Indian Chem. Soc. K.P. Sanghvi, et al., Studies in the Synthesis of Furocoumarins: Part XXIV: Synthesis of Difurocoumarin derivatives, vol. LVI, Jan. 1979, pp. 56-58, J. Indian Chem. Soc. V.K. Ahluwalia, et al., A Convenient Synthesis of Psoralen Deriva tives Oxygenated in the Pyrone Ring: 4-Methoxypsoralen and 3,4Dimethoxypsoralen (Halkendin), 1979, vol.32, pp. 1361-1367, Aust. J. Chem. F. Song, et al., A Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Sensor for Palladium Based on the Allylic Oxidative Insertion Mechanism, vol. 129, pp. 12354-12355, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007. B. Tang, et al., Flow injection kinetic spectrofluorimetric determina tion of trace amounts of palladium, ScienceDirect, Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 511, pp. 17-23, 2004 Elsevier B.V. D.A. Mikaelyan, et al., Extraction-Fluorometric Determination of Platinum(IV) With Rhodamine 6G, pp. 212-213, 1987 Plenum Pub lishing Corp.


In this paper we show how to using the extension transformation in I Ching in order to transforming a hexagram to another one. Each binary hexagram (and similarly the previous trigram) has a degree of Yang and a degree of Yin. As in neutrosophic logic and set, for each hexagram <H> there is corresponding an opposite hexagram <antiH>, while in between them all other hexagrams are neutralities denoted by <neutH>; a neutrality has a degree of <H> and a degree of <antiH>. A generalization of the trigram (which has three stacked horizontal lines) and hexagram (which has six stacked horizontal lines) to n-gram (which has n stacked horizontal lines) is provided. Instead of stacked horizontal lines one can consider stacked vertical lines without changing the composition of the trigram/hexagram/n-gram. Afterwards, circular representations of the hexagrams and of the n-grams are given.


Mature seeds of 20 species of the family Leguminoseae belonging to three subdivisions (Mimosoideae, Caesalpinoideae, Papilonoideae) were collected and were analysed for their nutritive and antioxidant contents. Crude protein values varied between 17.2% in Cassia hirsuta and 35% in Canavalia ensiformis. The highest crude lipids was recorded in Xylia xylocarpa (23.3%) and Bauhinia vahlii (23.3%). Among the 20 species, the highest content of crude fiber was recorded in Leucaena leucocephala (9.6%). Among the macro-minerals, potassium was the most abundant mineral, followed by calcium. The highest levels of iron was reported in Mucuna atropurpurea (17.4%). The antioxidants, phenols and L-DOPA were high in Mucuna pruriens var. pruriens.


Use of technology in educational scenarios has become self evident especially in contexts of higher or further education. But it still lacks a systematically and integrative discussion about how to exhaust all possible benefits of this integration enduringly. The study at hand aims at evaluating two different learning management systems in use at the University of Education (UE) Weingarten with regard to all perspectives on this topic in a long-term study over a period of three years. In the context of the implementation of a media-affine program of study the two systems moodle and DistanceLearningSystem® get surveyed. The basic functions of the systems are investigated for their adequacy for maximum benefits in didactic, organisational and curricular [1] tenor.


Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of topical application of tinidazole in treatment of patients with periodontitis and to provide reliable basis for guidance.Methods Patients with periodontitis were allocated in this study,they were divided into metronidazole group,tinidazole groups and tinidazole topical application group.Patients in metronidazole group were given with 2 tablets of metronidazole,3 times per d;patients in tinidazole group were administrated with tinidazole,2 tablets / time / d;patients in topical application of tinidazole group were applied with tinidazole suspension soaked in distilled water and gelatin sponge,and sponge was implanted in periodontal pocket of patients.A course of treatment for all patients was one week.Results In tinidazole group and tinidazole topical application group,gingival bleeding index,probing pocket depth,plaque index and level of gingival attachment were lower than those of metronidazole group;gum bleeding index,probing pocket depth,plaque index and gingival attachment level in tinidazole topical application group were significantly lower than those of tinidazole group.The local adverse reactions in tinidazole topical application group were significantly lower than those of metronidazole group and tinidazole group;and their difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of topical application of tinidazole in treatment of periodontitis is effective with less adverse reactions and safety,it is worthy to be recommended for clinical application.


Spin is an effective way against the laser anti-missile in the first boosting phase. Owing to missile spin, the frequencies of bending vibration decrease in value by spinning speed, and the spinning speed cannot be keep absolute constant in flight. Therefore a time-varying filter network based on the parallel differential spectrum (PD) theory is applied to adapt to the change of vibration frequency. Considering control couplings, motion couplings and other effects introduced by spin, a sliding mode control system is designed to achieve the missile's steady flight. The research results show that the configuration of the nonlinear controller is restricted by the stability requirement of elastic vibrations, and it must match with the filter network. In this paper, some meaningful conclusions are drawn.


The authors focused their attention on the establishment of a mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) model for screening traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) so as to investigate the effects of Shuanglong Formula(SLF) compo- nents(Ginsenosides and salvianolic acids) and ingredients(ginsenoside Rb1 and salvianolic acid B) on cardiomyocyte differentiation from MSCs. The SLF components were analyzed and quantified by HPLC-TOF-MS. Cardiomyocyte differentiation was induced by culturing MSCs in the induction medium supplemented with SLF ingredients,SLF components, 5-azacytidine(5-aza), 5-aza+SLF ingredients and 5-aza+SLF components, respectively, for up to 30 d, and evulated by the expression of Cardiac-specific myosin heavy chain(MHC) and troponin I(TnI) via immunofluo- resent staining. Slow growth rate and changed morphology were observed during cardiomyocyte differentiation. After 20 d of induction, differentiating MSCs were positive for MHC and TnI staining. The effects of SLF components were better than those of SLF ingredients. Taken together, SLF can induce the differentiation of MSCs into cardi- omyogenic cells in vitro, and MSCs can be used as a powerful tool for screening TCMs.


The Dominican Republic has no recent data on type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in children. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine this in persons aged <15 years (y). Data were collected on all new T1D diagnoses between 2010–2019 from the four institutions caring for children with T1D. Diagnosis was made according to standard criteria. No secondary ascertainment source was available. The trend and the effect of age and sex of T1D incidence was analyzed using Poisson regression. A total of 1224 new cases of T1D were diagnosed <15 y; mean ± standard deviation (range) 122 ± 12 (96–135) cases per year. Age at T1D diagnosis was 8.8 ± 3.7 y, with a significant female preponderance (n = 708, 57.8%, p < 0.001). When examined per 5‐y age group, cases were consistently highest in 10–14 y, and lowest in 0–4 y in all study years. Mean crude T1D annual incidence was 4.3 (95% CI 3.5–5.1) per 100,000 population. There was no significant difference between incidence across the country's three departments (regions): Southeast (4.4 [3.4–5.7]/100,000 population), North (4.1 [2.9–5.6]), and Southwest (3.9 [2.4–5.9]). Mean standardized annual incidence was 4.1 (4.1–4.2) per 100,000 population, with no significant trend of increase over the study period. The incidence of T1D in children aged <15 y is relatively low in Dominican Republic, but consistent with the limited data from other countries in the region. However, the incidence is eight times higher than the previous estimate during 1995–1999. Ongoing surveillance is warranted.


Controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods have the potential to be used in reservoir monitoring problems, due to their sensitivity to subsurface resistivity distribution. For example, time-lapse electromagnetic (EM) measurements can help to determine reservoir changes during enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes such as water/steam injection or CO2 sequestration. Although metal infrastructure such as pipelines and casings can strongly influence EM data and mask the underlying geological response, one may presume that these effects cancel out during time-lapse surveys. In this paper, we analyze the effects of well casings on time-lapse surface-to-surface EM measurements. First, using a synthetic example of an onshore 1D hydrocarbon reservoir we quantify the effect of single and multiple casings at several source and receiver locations. We show that time-lapse responses are distorted significantly when a source or receiver is located near a casing. Next, we study a more realistic scenario where we approximate the hydrocarbon reservoir as a thin bounded resistive sheet. We present a Method of Moments (MoM) algorithm to calculate the secondary currents and charges on a well casing and resistive sheet combination and validate the electric fields these secondary sources generate against finite element modeling. Finally, we calculate and explicitly demonstrate time-lapse amplitude changes in the well casing-thin sheet interaction matrix, secondary currents, charges, and surface electric fields. Our 3D modeling results show that the conductive casing reduces the ability of the resistive sheet to impede the current flow and distorts time-lapse responses. Therefore, one cannot fully eliminate casing effects by subtraction of time-lapse data and must fully incorporate such infrastructure into forward models for time-lapse EM inversion.


Ovarian germ cell tumors derive from ovarian germ cells and account for approximately 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. Only 1–2% of ovarian germ cell tumors are called malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and constitute approximately 3–5% of all malignant ovarian neoplasms. Yolk sac tumor represents the second most common tumor in the category of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (25%). It presents in young women or adolescent girls. Compared with ovarian epithelial tumors, yolk sac tumors are highly malignant with rapid growth, and they metastasize fast and to intraabdominal structures and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The common feature of the great majority of yolk sac tumors is the presence of areas with a primitive extraembryonal morphology. A 17yearold girl presented with abdominal discomfort. Ultrasonography showed a large pelvic mass measuring 20 cm in size with cystic changes. A workup showed: α-fetoprotein (AFP) 53 015 ng/ mL; β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (BHCG) <1 IU/L; cancer antigen 125 (CA125) 626 U/mL. Positron emission tomographycomputed tomography (PETCT) reported a large complex cystic mass with pathological uptake areas that seemed to arise from the right adnexa. The patient underwent fertilitysparing surgery including right adnexectomy, omentectomy, lymph node sampling, and peritoneal biopsies. Pathology showed a solidcystic mass, 23 cm in size (Figure 1A), with a predominant solid component (80%). There was malignant germinal proliferation organized in glandular alveolar proliferation and anastomotic ducts bordered by cylindrical glycogenrich cytoplasm cells, with myxedematous stroma (Figure 1B) and SchillerDuval bodies: the central vessel was surrounded by atypical cylindrical cells (Figure 1C). The peritoneum (5 cm) contained a friable white nodule 0.8 cm in size, showing the same tumorous proliferation. The tumor was staged as International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB. The immunochemistry profile showed positive staining for AFP in epithelial cells (Figure 1D). Glypican 3 revealed a similar expression. Yolk sac tumor is a nondysgerminoma malignancy arising from endodermal sinus, most often unilateral with a diameter of 5–50 cm. These tumors show various patterns, 2 most commonly reticularmicrocystic with a meshwork of anastomosing spaces and cysts, often with hyaline globules, which are also present within the lumina. Other patterns include endodermal sinus (SchillerDuval bodies), papillary, solid, and glandular. AFP is the gold standard immunohistochemistry stain with a patchy expression. Glypican-3 is less


Privacy often conflict with other rights and legitimate interests, at which is the question of establishing its boundaries. Obviously there are no clear limits beyond which an infringement must be regarded as permissible. Private life is a concept with an extensive interpretation, which includes different spheres of the person's life, as demonstrated by the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. What is certain is that each person has their own opinion about the extent of privacy and this impression depends on the psychological traits of the person concerned, but also on the traditions and customs that exist in a society at a certain historical stage. The utility of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in the protection of private life and the family is that it provides precise criteria to be applied by judges to determine whether the complaint submitted under Article 8 of the Convention European Human Rights is one valid.


The ontogeny of the fins and behavior, during the pelagic phase is described for individuals of Aldrichettaforsteri collected off the northeastern coast of New Zealand. The caudal fin develops first, followed by the anal fin; both are complete at ~8 mm (SL). Dorsal-fin rays are first apparent at ~6 mm and the two dorsal fins are fully formed at ~ 12 mm. The number of conspicuous silver marks on the dorsal surface of the fish change with size. When disturbed, small fish (<8 mm) aggregate in a tight ball, with no lateral movement of the group. Aggregations of larger fish swim away and often scatter when disturbed. Data are presented on the sizes of fish from neuston, surface tows, and purse seines taken in open water and around drift algae. Fish (12 mm+) were rarely captured in neuston and surface hauls, but individuals as large as 30 mm were caught by purse seine. Avoidance of nets by fish is the result of behavior as well as swimming speed. The biological implications of the behavior of neustonic fish are discussed.


The share of private sector in capital formation in Indian agriculture is approximately three times more than the public sector. This shows the active involvement of the private agencies in the Indian agriculture sector.


Isocyanate is an important organic intermediate.The synthesis of isocyanate is described,and the advantages and disadvantages of eath method is evaluated in this article.At present,the main synthesis method in industry is phosgene,but new green synthetic methods have been explored,of which triphosgene method and thermal decomposition of carbamate have prospects for development.


Tagging images uploaded on the web is important as tags serve as the primary entities for future retrieval of these images. The numbers of images uploaded to the web via social networking sites is increasing in the era of smart phone technology and the internet. These images need to be tagged correctly which would ease its future retrieval. With the emergence of the Web 3.0 which is a standard for semantic web, a semantic tag recommender is desirable. In this paper, a context aware social tagger is proposed which recommends high quality tags by using varied contexts of social information. A semantic collaborative filtering strategy is proposed to make the social tagger semantics compliant. The social tagger also encompasses an intelligent agent, driven by second order co-occurrence pointwise mutual information strategy to increase the relevance and quality of the recommended tags. The proposed social tagger yields an average accuracy of 84.04%.


Racial disparities in pain care affecting Black Americans are mirrored by a similar perceptual bias: perceivers see pain less readily on Black (vs. White) faces. Here, we examine the findings of the initial wave of research on this phenomenon, described herein as anti‐Black bias in pain perception. Specifically, we conducted an internal meta‐analysis across 40 studies conducted in the U.S. with primarily White samples (N = 6252) assessing the generalizability, robustness, and psychological correlates of anti‐Black bias in pain perception. We also assessed the evidence for accounts of this bias focused on intergroup processes, racialized stereotypes and prejudice, dehumanization, and contact. This meta‐analysis strongly confirms our prior findings. Moreover, anti‐Black bias in pain perception is consistently associated with bias in treatment recommendations. These effects are robust to differences in stimuli, samples, and perceiver gender and race. Notably, both Black and White perceivers demonstrate more conservative perceptual thresholds for seeing pain on Black faces, suggesting this bias is not merely a consequence of group membership. Further, increased dehumanization of and decreased intergroup contact with Black individuals predicts biased pain perception and treatment recommendations, though these effects were small. These results demonstrate the robustness of anti‐Black bias in pain perception and establish a strong foundation for future inquiry.


Bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) utilizes a special tool that possesses two shoulders interconnected by a pin instead of one: the top shoulder and the pin in the conventional FSW tool. This greatly simplifies the kinematics in the otherwise complicated setup of FSW since the bottom shoulder forms the bottom surface of the weld, without the need for a backing plate. Moreover, the tool enters the base metal sideways and travels, forming the joint in a straight line while rotating, without the need for downward and upward motion at the beginning and end of the process. This paper presents a study on the BTFSW tool geometry and parameters on the risk of wormhole defect formation in the AA5005 aluminum–magnesium alloy and the wormhole effect on mechanical properties. It was shown that higher stress imposed by the tool geometry on the joint has a significant influence on heating, an effect similar to the increased rotational speed. Optimal kinematic and geometrical tool properties are required to avoid wormhole defects. Although weld tensile strengths were lower (between ~111 and 115 MPa) compared with a base metal (137 MPa), the ductile fracture was obtained. Furthermore, all welds had a higher impact strength (between ~20.7 and 27.8 J) compared with the base material (~18.5 J); it was found that the wormhole defect only marginally influences the mechanical properties of welds.


A theoretical solution was presented to predict the propagation of horizontal shear wave in a phononic crystal with local inhomogeneity.Peano equation was given to obtain the transfer matrix of the acoustic field.The band structures of phononic crystal with local inhomogeneity were obtained and discussed.It finds that the local inhomogeneity will affect the dispersion curve and band structures,and the influence is different for different power law profiles.


In this paper, the (3+1)-dimensional BKP equation is mainly being discussed. Based on the the Wronskian technique and the Pfaan properties, Wronskian and Grammian solutions have been established. Generating functions for matrix entries satisfy linear system of partial dierential equations involving a free parameter.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate whether differences in aggression-related behavioral problems occur between boys and girls at high risk for schizophrenia living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

METHOD
Using the Child Behavior Checklist, we compared the prevalence of behavioral problems between genders for the offspring (6-18 years) of mothers with diagnosis of schizophrenia and a comparison group of children born to women with no severe mental disorders recruited at the gynecology outpatient clinic of the same hospital. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Patient Edition was applied for the evaluation of diagnostic status of mothers.

RESULTS
Male children of women with schizophrenia had a lower prevalence of aggressive behavior compared to females (4% vs. 36%; p = 0.005), whereas no gender differences regarding aggression were detected in the comparison group (24% vs. 32%; p = 0.53). Logistic regression analyses showed that male gender and being a child of women with schizophrenia interacted so as to favor lower prevalence of aggressive behavior (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSION
These findings reinforce the notion that behavioral gender differences related to schizophrenia are already detectable in childhood.


We use recently developed times series techniques to analyse long historical data on the budget of the Court of Nivelles (Belgium) in the late Middle Ages. The unidirectional causality from receipts to expenditures supports the idea that the medieval system under consideration is a fine-focused (tax-oriented) control system. However, empirical evidence on the presence of changes in receipt collection around 1520 favours the hypothesis of the decline of the medieval, urban-based , tax-oriented system and its transformation into a punishment-focused system.


A number of studies address the spatial planning, architectural design, and management of public open spaces (POSs) to curb the overuse of spaces to create high-quality spaces. Little attention has been paid to the problem of underutilization of POSs. Therefore, this paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the factors that influence the vitality of POSs, proposing Bronfenbrenner's social–ecological model (SEM) as a conceptual framework. In this work, we conducted a systematic literature search using the PRISMA method to screen and select articles from three major databases (Science Web, Elsevier, and Scopus). Thirty-four journal articles from 2000 to 2022 were selected for the final review. This study systematically identifies and classifies a set of variables related to the vitality of POSs and develops an SEM-based framework of factors that influence the vitality of POSs. The framework examines the influence of individual user characteristics, the social environment, the physical environment, and the political environment on the vitality of POSs. Finally, strategies to improve the vitality of POSs are proposed: (1) POSs' optimization and promotion strategies should be developed gradually, starting from the most basic needs, stage by stage; (2) To improve the vitality of POSs, we should consider both the general public and special groups; (3) Through the synergistic effect between social, material, and policy environments, the comprehensive improvement of POSs' vitality is achieved. This study provides the latest insights into the vitality of POSs and makes a theoretical contribution by conceptualizing the SEM framework and summarizing the influencing factors at different levels. The study of these factors should also have practical implications, as the results will ultimately provide improvement strategies to help policy-makers and local communities to effectively and sustainably improve the vitality of POSs.


To explain the observed neutrino masses through the seesaw mechanism, a supersymmetric generalization of the standard model should include heavy right-handed neutrino supermultiplets. Then the neutrino Yukawa couplings can induce $CP$ violation in the lepton sector. In this paper, we compute the contribution of these $CP$ violating terms to lepton electric dipole moments. We introduce a new formalism that makes use of supersymmetry to expose the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani cancellations. In the region of small $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}$, we find a different result from that given previously by Ellis, Hisano, Raidal, and Shimizu. We confirm the structure found by this group, but with a much smaller overall coefficient. In the region of large $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}$, we recompute the leading term that has been identified by Masina and confirm her result up to minor factors. We discuss the implications of these results for constraints on the ${Y}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$.


With the advance of network computing, networked real-time systems are increasingly important to everyday life. The development of these real-time applications with network considerations is very difficult. Techniques and tools helping engineers design, implement and test these applications, are highly desirable.
In this dissertation, we present: (1) A modeling technique: Extended Fuzzy-Timing Petri Net (EFTN) with great modeling power suitable for networked real-time systems. (2) Three Performance analysis techniques for EFTNs: (a) Model checking on transition firing sequences based on temporal logic formulas, which can be used to check the possibility that reliability and real-time QoS requirements are being satisfied in networked real-time systems. (b) Net reductions, which is used to attack the "state explosion" problem and make performance analysis efficient for large-scale networked real-time systems. (c) Simulation by using Design/CPN, which serves as test-beds and predicts the performance of networked real-time systems in design. (3) EFTN modeling and analysis techniques are applied to the following two case studies: (a) Distributed multimedia synchronization, and (b) Networked Virtual Environments. (4) Software architecture considerations for EFTNs: we present an example illustrating how to build hierarchical EFTN models.
EFTN modeling and analysis can provide great insight into networked real-time system design and dynamic behavior, estimate system performance, and thus help to improve design of systems. With EFTN as the formal modeling technique, performance analysis techniques for EFTNs, and results of applying these modeling and analysis techniques, this dissertation contributes to an integrated framework to conduct performance analysis for large-scale network-based real-time systems with high efficiency.


Back pain resulting from degenerative disease of the spine is one of the most common causes of disability in adults of working age. The structures which may be responsible for the origin of the degenerative spine are bone (spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis), ligaments (hypertrophy of the spinal ligaments, particularly the ligamentum flavum), facet joints (facet hypertrophy, synovial cyst) and intervertebral disc (bulging and herniation)1. This was a cross sectional study of 105 patients with low back pain. All Plain X-ray and MRI findings were collected for each patient in a pre-designed structured data collection sheet. In plain X-ray 74 subjects had posterior disc height <6mm; out of them nerve root compression found in 56, spinal stenosis found in 54. Those who had posterior osteophytes, (86.8%) found to have disc herniation. Among facetal hyperthrophy (72 subjects), 62 (86.1%) had disc herniation. In this study significant correlation found between plain radiographic findings of degenerative changes of lumbosacral spine with MRI. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2015;10(2): 68-70


The subject of this paper is sequential decomposition algorithms. They are applied to graph models of various sizes. A study of their speed and applicability was made with software applications developed for the purpose. The obtained results are presented in tabular and graphical form. Conclusions have been made about their applicability in the design automation of circuit and systems.


Findings from Family Backgrounds in Everyday Lives project, part of Real Life Methods. See Official URL link for more project information.


Abstract:This essay develops a theory of the literary excerpt, taking as a case study the ways in which James Russell Lowell's 1845 poem "The Present Crisis" has been quoted in public discourse by abolitionists, suffragists, temperance activists, anti-imperialists, and Civil Rights activists including W. E. B. Du Bois and Martin Luther King, Jr. A prominent recent instance is U.S. Senate Chaplain Barry Black's quotation from the poem in his opening prayer for the second impeachment trial of Donald Trump. Tracing these and other histories of excerpting "The Present Crisis," the essay draws on Rhetorical Genre Studies to argue that the literary excerpt is a distinct paraliterary genre, a form of social action that enables two purposes: bringing literary authority to nonliterary domains and participating in a tradition through repetition. Attention to the excerpt genre's pragmatics can thus bring the question of instrumentality (back) to considerations of literariness.


This document provides an overview of the growing importance of web application security threats and its role in the IS security curriculum. Two alternative instructional paradigms designed to present web application security were reviewed. Secure Programming curricula have been used to present detailed coverage from a software coding perspective. However, the Secure Programming Paradigm may present challenges in the choice of programming language or the required level of programming prerequisites that may not be appropriate for an Information Systems curriculum. As an alternative, the Automated Web Application Testing Paradigm using IBM's AppScan web security testing tool presents web application security from a quality assurance and testing perspective that may be integrated within the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Recommendations for the integration of web application security in context of an Information Systems curriculum will be discussed.


We outline physical, numerical, and computational limits on Kurucz's codes, for model atmospheres, ATLAS12 and ATLAS9, spectrum synthesis, SYNTHE, and abundance


This paper focuses on investigating the relation between herding and liquidity in Vietnam stock market, an issue which is paid less intention in previous studies. We use stock prices and trading volume over the period from 2005 to 2017 as the data set to measure herding and liquidity, respectively. The finding indicates the presence of herd behavior in Vietnam stock market during the period studied. Moreover, the results reveal significant evidence of herding asymmetry conditional on the average market liquidity but more pronounced for high and medium liquidity stocks. In addition, there is empirical evidence supporting the two-way directional effect of herding and market liquidity. The results also robust when we split the data into three sub-periods including pre-crisis, during crisis and post-crisis periods.


PURPOSE:To obtain a new amido compound useful as an active ingredient for a controller for harmful animals such as insecticide, acaricide, nematocide and agent for exterminating insect pests in soil by reacting a 4- trifluoromethylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid with a heterocyclic amine compound. CONSTITUTION:A 4-trifluoromethylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid or its reactive derivative is reacted with a heterocyclic amine compound of the formula HN(R)- A-X [A is alkanediyl; X is (substituted) heterocyclic group; R is H or alkyl; with the proviso that when R is H and A is methylene, X is nonsubstituted pyridine, nonsubstituted thienyl or nonsubstituted furyl] (e.g. 5-trifluoromethyl-2 pyridylmethylamine) in the presence of a base such as triethylamine at room temperature for 18 hours to give the objective amido compound of the formula useful as an active ingredient for a controller for harmful animals such as insecticide, acaricide, nematocide and agent for destroying insect pests in soil.


With the development of the information and Internet technology, the public opinions with big data will rapidly emerge in an online-offline social network, and an inefficient management of public opinions often will lead to the security crisis for either firms or governments. To unveil the interaction mechanism among a large number of agents between the online and offline social networks, in this paper we propose the public opinion dynamics model in an online-offline social network context. Next, in the theory aspect we investigate the analytical conditions to form a consensus in the public opinion dynamics model. Furthermore, we conduct the extensive simulations to investigate how the online agents impact the dynamics of public opinion formation, and unfold that the online agents shorten the steady-state time, decrease the number of opinion clusters, and smoothen the opinion changes in the opinion dynamics. The increase in the size of the online agents often enhances these effects. The results in this paper can provide a basis for the management of the public opinions in the Internet age.


We prove that the topological locally flat slice genus of large torus knots takes up less than three quarters of the ordinary genus. As an application, we derive the best possible linear estimate of the topological slice genus for torus knots with non-maximal signature invariant.


The invention discloses a data communication method, device and system. The data communication method contains uplink communication and downlink communication, wherein the uplink communication comprises the following steps: dividing the application data sent by a main-control device to first-path application data and second-path application data; selecting a check algorithm, check any path of application data, generating the check code of the path of application data; combining the check code with the other path of application data to form a data packet with the format meeting the demands of the communication protocol, to the opposite communication end. By adopting the above technical scheme, when the uplink communication is performed, the application data and check codes to be sent to the opposite communication end are separately obtained from two paths of application data. Therefore, when any path of application data has an error and the opposite communication end checks the application data, the generated check code is different from the received check code, thus the opposite communication end judges that the application data have an error and does not use the application data and the high reliability and high safety of communication can be ensured.


Editor—Reversing heparin-induced anticoagulation quickly and effectively can be challenging in bleeding patients undergoing emergency surgery. The required dose of protamine to neutralize unfractionated heparin (UFH) is difficult to predict and use of standard coagulation tests such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to assess the effectiveness of reversal may delay surgery, compromising patient safety. – 3 Herein, we present a case in which thromboelastography (TEG) – 6 was used to quickly restore normal coagulation immediately before an emergency procedure for intracranial haemorrhage in a context of heparin overdose. A 51-yr-old woman without any medical history except obesity [body mass index (BMI)1⁄438 kg m] was admitted for elective removal of an intracranial hemangiopericytoma. On the postoperative day 2, the patient exhibited chest pain, dyspnoea, and mild hypoxaemia related to subsegmental pulmonary embolism on a computed tomography (CT) scan. A resident in neurosurgery prescribed i.v. continuous UFH at a dose of 50 000 U per 24 h after a bolus dose of 50 U kg. After 12 h of infusion, the patient presented with bleeding from different puncture sites and heparin infusion was stopped. A blood sample was obtained for standard coagulation tests: results were obtained 60 min later and showed heparin concentration of 4.5 U ml using an anti-Xa heparin assay (T0, Table 1). Rapidly thereafter, the patient exhibited right-sided hemiplegia and impaired consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale 10/15). A head CT scan was immediately performed revealing an intracranial haematoma at the operation site and the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit before surgical revision. Blood sample T1 (Table 1) was obtained 3 h after discontinuation of heparin infusion: TEG with native blood showed heparin effect with prolonged r (reaction) time .240 min (normal 4–10 min). A first dose of 50 mg protamine was slowly given i.v. 20 min after blood sampling, based on the first results of TEG analysis while standard coagulation tests were still pending. Blood sample T2, 15 min after protamine infusion, was collected: r value of TEG was now normal and the patient was admitted to the operating theatre. As the half-life of protamine is much shorter than that of heparin, the need for a repeated infusion of protamine after the first administration was expected. One hour after protamine infusion and just before incision, a repeat TEG trace along with aPTT and TT measurements (T3) were performed (Table 1). TEG showed a reappearance of the heparin effect, evidenced as a prolonged r time .11 min. Protamine administration was repeated (50 mg), complete heparin reversal was confirmed by normalization of TEG trace (T4) and surgery could start. All routine laboratory-based coagulation tests (aPTT, TT, and anti-Xa assays) from T0 to T4 (Table 1) were obtained at least 1 h after each corresponding blood sampling. The surgery went well, the patient was extubated a few hours after surgery and physical examination showed partial regression of hemiplegia. The day after this second surgical procedure, complete normalization of coagulation tests was observed (T5, Table 1). In order to confirm heparin indication, both a chest CT scan and a lower extremity Doppler examination were performed and revealed no venous thromboembolism. Prophylactic anticoagulation with subcutaneous enoxaparin (40 mg) was reintroduced 2 days after surgery without any bleeding and the patient was discharged from the hospital 2 months after admission. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an emergency reversal of heparin in a bleeding neurosurgical patient guided by TEG. Thus, point-of-care TEG represents a very useful tool to guide heparin reversal in all types of emergency surgical procedures, not only in cardiac or liver elective surgery.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of accounting in non-governmental organisations (NGOs). It seeks to understand accounting processes and reporting practices in NGOs and the conditions that sustain those processes and practices. NGOs have become important institutions in world affairs but accounting research has not developed significant interest in their operations. Design/methodology/approach – The research executes a grounded theory strategy as the principal methodology for the inquiry. Fieldwork was undertaken in three Tanzanian NGOs. Findings – The research established the importance of accounting in the process of navigating organisational legitimacy. This was achieved due to its important role in symbolising organisational competence. Two principal strategies were employed by organisations in navigating legitimacy – building credibility and bargaining for change. Originality/value – The paper makes a contribution to the limited empirical research into accounting in NGOs in developing countries and to grounded theory, accounting research. The principal finding, that in the NGOs studied the primary purpose of accounting was its symbolic use in navigating legitimacy and that it has a minimal role to play in internal decision making, is an important finding for practice as well as for understanding and knowledge. Finally, the paper sheds light on accountability in NGOs by narrating how the phenomenon is constructed and perceived by organisations and stakeholders. Future research should extend our understanding of these phenomena across a broader range of NGOs to incorporate differences in geographical location, religious affiliation and also include Northern donor organisations.


Litter decomposition determines the nutrient and carbon cycling processes and regulates nutrient return to the soil in many terrestrial ecosystems. Wood plant litter decomposition is a crucial biogeochemical process for carbon and nutrient cycling, especially in arid and nutrient⁃constrained ecosystems. However, the role of litter decomposition in extreme drought deserts and the determining factors remain debatable and poorly understood. The Tarim Desert Highway Shelterbelt consists of three artificial plant species that account for the majority of net primary productivity, and their litters are the major


"All persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person". Although this might be true in theory, international courts and monitoring bodies reveal that the management and treatment of detainees with mental illnesses remain a real challenge. However, the need for an adequate therapeutic environment and proper rehabilitation programs has received increased recognition at the international policy level and amongst legal practitioners and scholars. As such, the last two decades have been characterized by an ever developing framework of international human rights standards which should ensure human dignity and specialized treatment in adapted facilities for mentally ill detainees. This presentation aims at exploring the international legal standards and jurisprudence on the detention of mentally ill offenders. As such it offers insight in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, the applicable binding international minimum standards and the non-binding recommendations of the Council of Europe and the European Committee against Torture. Furthermore, this presentation will illustrate whether international legal standards underpin a strengths-based approach for mentally ill offenders.


The present study entitled "A study of Poverty alleviation Rural Development Measures in Bihar had been conducted to explore the role of S.G.S.Y. in the upliftment of the rural poor. The aim of the study was to find out the gaps and inconsistencies in the implementation of the programmes, with special reference to the selection of beneficiaries, sanction of loans, disbursement of loans, the adjustment of subsidies, and the repayment of loans. The study was conducted on 150 beneficiaries spread in districts in the State of Bihar. The beneficiaries were selected through random sampling method. There data for the study were collected through interview schedule, field observation and informal talks with the beneficiaries. In brief like so many rural developmental programmes of the past the SGSY is also developing lacunae, during its implementation. The programme was basically designed to benefit the poorest of the poor in the rural areas. But, as the study shows, the identification of the poor for this programme is full of mal-practices of developmental bureaucracy, unscrupulous officials and self-seeking village middlemen.


We prove that the jacobian Newton diagram of the holomorphic mapping $(f,g):(C^2,0)\to(C^2,0)$ depends only on the equisingularity class of the pair of curves $f=0$ and $g=0$.


A harmonious campus culture is an important part of the construction of a harmonious society.It is a promotion to the construction of the socialism culture.Therefore, it has been a new pattern of culture construction to promote a harmonious campus culture construction in a comprehensive way under the guidance of Scientific Development Perspective, so as to strengthen the campus material culture, spiritual culture, system culture and activity construction.


Objective To study the relationship between 64-slice CT features and chronic rhino sinusitis in children with adenoid hypertrophy.Methods The noses of 125 children with adenoid hypertrophy were scanned by 64-slice CT.The relationship between incidence of chronic rhino sinusitis and the volume of adenoid measured by CT was analyzed statistically.Results Mild adenoid hypertrophy(A/N 0.6) is not relative with chronic rhino sinusitis(P 0.05).While the moderate or severe hypertrophy is(A/N ≥ 0.61) more likely to cause chronic rhino sinusitis.There is positive correlation between the hypertrophy degree and the incidence of chronic rhino sinusitis(P0.05).Conclusion The CT features of adenoid hypertrophy is closely related to chronic rhino sinusitis.It is of great significance to treat adenoid hypertrophy timely for the prevention of chronic rhino sinusitis.


The effect of short- and long-term caloric restriction (CR) on insulin resistance in male Fisher-344 rats was studied. The short- and long-term CR rats had not only significantly lower blood glucose and insulin levels, but also lower body and liver weights as compared with ad libitum (AL) rats. The insulin resistance index (IRI) was markedly lower, but the insulin sensitive index (ISI) was significantly higher in CR rats than in AL ones. The results indicate that CR rats can ultilize glucose and adapt themselves to the condition of lower insulin and glucose concentrations. They have higher ISI and lower IRI, which probably result from decreased body fat and increased exercise. Insulin resistance increased with aging, and this phenomenon could be retarted through CR. It is concluded that rats on CR show decreased body and liver weights, lowered glucose and insulin concentrations, lowered insulin resistance, and elevated insulin sensitivity.


We provide a tutorial for a number of variants of the extended Kalman filter (EKF). In these methods, so called, sigma points are employed to tackle the nonlinearity of problems. The sigma points exactly represent the mean and the variance of the state distribution function in a dynamic state equation. The initially developed EKF variant, that is, unscented Kalman filter (UKF) (also called sigma point Kalman filter) shows enhanced performance compared with that of conventional EKF in the literature. Another variant, which is not well known, is central difference Kalman filter (CDKF) whose way to approximate the nonlinearity is based on the Sterling's polynomial interpolation formula instead of the Taylor series. Endeavor to reduce the computational load resulted in the development of square root versions of both UKF and CDKF, that is, square root unscented Kalman filter and square root central difference Kalman filter (SR‐CDKF). These SR‐versions are supposed to be numerically more stable than their original versions because the state covariance is guaranteed to be positive definite by avoiding the step of matrix decomposition. In this paper, we provide the step‐by‐step algorithms of above‐mentioned EKF variants with their pros and cons. We apply these filtering methods to a number of problems in various disciplines for performance assessment in terms of both mean squared error (MSE) and processing speed. Furthermore, we show how to optimize the filters in terms of MSE performance depending on diverse scenarios. According to simulation results, CDKF and SR‐CDKF show the best MSE performance in most scenarios; particularly, SR‐CDKF shows faster processing speed than that of CDKF. Therefore, we justify that SR‐CDKF is the most efficient and the best approach among the Kalman variants including the EKF for various nonlinear problems. The motivation of this paper targets at the contribution to the disseminative usage of the Kalman variants approaches, particularly, SR‐CDKF taking advantage of its estimating performance and high processing speed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The invention discloses a human body temperature measuring device. The human body temperature measuring device comprises a shell capable of being adsorbed to a human body. A temperature detecting probe is arranged on the surface of the bottom of the shell. A master control chip in signal connection with the temperature detecting probe is installed on the top of the shell and is in wireless connection with a mobile receiving terminal. The mobile receiving terminal is used for receiving and displaying data sent by the master control chip when started. According to the human body temperature measuring device, the temperature detecting probe and the master control chip which are arranged on the shell are used for collecting human body temperature, the human body temperature data are transmitted through a Bluetooth module or a wireless network module in the master control chip, the data sent by the master control chip are received and displayed through the mobile receiving terminal, and the mobile receiving terminal is a mobile phone provided with an APP. The human body temperature measuring device has the advantages that measurement speed is high, reading is convenient, and performance is stable. Human body temperature which is continuously measured in a certain time period can be displayed on the mobile phone APP, the analyzing, reminding and alarming functions are achieved, and the personalized requirement of people is met.


ABSTRACT Lake surface temperature (LST) and ice phenology were simulated for various points differing in depth on Great Slave Lake and Great Bear Lake, two large lakes located in the Mackenzie River Basin in Canada's Northwest Territories, using the 1-D Freshwater Lake model (FLake) and the Canadian Lake Ice Model (CLIMo) over the 2002–2010 period, forced with data from three weather stations (Yellowknife, Hay River and Deline). LST model results were compared to those derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua satellite platforms. Simulated ice thickness and freeze-up/break-up dates were also compared to in situ observations. Both models showed a good agreement with daily average MODIS LSTs on an annual basis (0.935  ≤  relative index of agreement  ≤  0.984 and 0.94  ≤  mean bias error  ≤  4.83). The absence of consideration of snow on lake ice in FLake was found to have a large impact on estimated ice thicknesses (25 cm thicker on average by the end of winter compared to in situ measurements; 9 cm thicker for CLIMo) and break-up dates (6 d earlier in comparison with in situ measurements; 3 d later for CLIMo). The overall agreement between the two models and MODIS LST products during both the open water and ice seasons was good. Remotely sensed data are a promising data source for assimilation into numerical weather prediction models, as they provide the spatial coverage that is not captured by in situ data.


Technological and financial limitations have hampered the effective advertisement of products and services by microenterprises thus limiting their contribution towards national economic growth. Recent advances in mobile technologies makes the use of location based mobile advertising (LBMA) a viable option in addressing this challenge. However, a majority of LBMA are developed for use on smart and feature phones with inbuilt positioning and program execution capabilities thus leaving out a majority of microenterprises who use basic phones. This study therefore examined the use of alternative positioning methods, namely symbolic and network based geo-location, and device independent system access methods; SMS and USSD, for the development of LBMA for use by microenterprises. The delivery of LBMA services to microenterprises using network based geo-location, SMS and USSD was found to be feasible and practical for microenterprises. The LBMA concepts developed in this work will be useful for both researchers and practitioners seeking to study and implement this marketing approach for microenterprises.