Consumer electronics, critics charge, are designed for the dump. The latest gizmo enjoys a year or two of cutting-edge relevance and another two to five collecting dust. Then we throw it away. In the United States alone, 130 000 computers and more than 300 000 cellphones are trashed each day.


Assume T is superstable, N(x) is a formula over 0, Q = -(M*) is countable and KQ = {M : M is countable and 4(M) = Q}. We investigate models in KQ assuming KQ has the prime model property. We prove some corollaries on the number of models in KQ. We show an example of an w-stable T and Q with KQ having exactly 3 models. First we fix the general set-up. Throughout, T is a countable complete theory in a first-order language L, 1(x) is a formula of L without parameters, M* is a countable model of T and Q = 4D(M*). We work within a monster model C = Ceq of T. All models of T we consider are elementary submodels of C. Let KQ = {M: M is countable and 4?(M) = Q} and let I(KQ) be the number of models in KQ, up to isomorphism. The goal of this note is to develop some model theory of KQ. As I pointed out in [Nel, p.651], in general KQ can not be treated with all common model-theoretic tools, since for example KQ does not necessarily have the joint embedding property. It turns out however that if we assume just that KQ has the prime model property (defined below), then it is much more manageable, at least for stable T. KQ really may differ from an elementary class: I have found an example of KQ with I(KQ) = 2, while a theorem of Vaught [Sa] says that I(T, No) 54 2. In this example T is weakly minimal, but KQ does not have the prime model property. In this paper we give an example of an w-stable T with I(T, NO) = No and a strongly minimal Q with I(KQ) = 3. Now we recall some basic notions from [Nel]. We call f E Aut(C) a Q-mapping if f[Q] = Q. For a C M E KQ let AutQ (C/a) be the group of Q-mappings fixing a pointwise. This group acts in a Borel way on S(Qa), inducing equivalence relation E(a) on S(Qa). The orbits of this action, that is the E(a)-classes, are called pseudotypes over Qa. When a = 0, we use E to denote E(a). Pseudotypes are Borel subsets of S(Qa), and E(a) is analytic. We say that p E S(Qa) is Q-isolated over a if p/E(a) is not meager. p/E(a) is the pseudotype of p over Qa (that is the equivalence class as a subset of S(Qa), not a quotient of some sort). Q-isolation has many nice properties (see [Nel, Ne2]), for instance if Q-isolated types are dense in S(Q) then there is M E KQ such that each b C M satisfies a Q-isolated type over Q. Such an M is called Q-atomic. A Q-atomic model is unique up to isomorphism. Also, tp(ab/Q) is Q-isolated iff tp(a/Q) is Q-isolated and tp(b/Qa) is Q-isolated over a. Received by the editors August 26, 1994 and, in revised form, February 13, 1995. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 03C15, 03C45. (@)1996 American Mathematical Society


We have searched for evidence of physics beyond the standard model in events that include an energetic photon and an energetic b -quark jet, produced in 85 pb 2 1 of p¯p collisions at 1.8 TeV at the Tevatron Collider at Fermilab. This signature, containing at least one gauge boson and a third-generation quark, could arise in the production and decay of a pair of new particles, such as those predicted by supersymmetry, leading to a production rate exceeding standard model predictions. We also search these events for anomalous production of missing transverse energy, additional jets and leptons ( e , m and t ), and additional b quarks. We find no evidence for any anomalous production of g b or g b 1 X events. We present limits on two supersymmetric models: a model where the photon is produced in the decay x ˜ 20 ! gx ˜ 10 , and a model where the photon is produced in the neutralino decay into the gravitino LSP, x ˜ 10 ! g G˜ . We also present our limits in a model-independent form and test methods of applying model-independent limits.


Up to now, the direct ligation of two DNA fragments with opposite directions to obtain 39-39 or 59-59phosphate ester bondsisstill challenging.Theonlyway toobtain DNAoligonucleotidescontaining a39-39or59-59inversionofpolaritysitesisbasedonprofessionalDNAchemicalsynthesis.Herein,wedemonstratea convenient template-directed chemical ligation that enables 39-39 and 59-59 linkages of two DNAoligonucleotides. This method is based on the assembly of two oligonucleotides on a template in oppositedirections through forming antiparallel and parallel duplexes simultaneously, followed by coupling withN-Cyanoimidazole under mild condition. Moreover, on the basis of DNA oligonucleotides with 59-59linkage obtained through our template-directed chemical ligation, we developed a new cDNA displaytechnique for in vitroselection of functional polypeptides.


The Portable Chlorophyll Meter (PCM) is used to estimate the total chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen content of various species. Since there is a relationship between the chlorophyll concentration and the photochemical efficiency, a relationship can also be established between the PCM readings and some fluorescence variables to provide information on photosystem II (PSII) structure and activity. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants ['Sunrise Solo' (leaves with intense green coloring) and 'Golden' cultivars (leaves with yellow-green coloring) were grown in a greenhouse with 30% interception of photosynthetically active photon flux density. The plants were cultivated in 15L plastics pots. Ninety to 100 days after planting the older leaves turned yellow and the chlorophyll fluorescence variables and PCM readings were measured. At low PCM values (less than 30 to 'Sunrise Solo' and less than 20 to 'Golden') the PSII structure and activity were damaged, which is likely related to a reduction in the numbers of active reaction centers (RC/CS0). At higher PCM values the chlorophyll a fluorescence variables (ABS/RC, DI0/RC, TR0/CS0 e ET0/CS0) that are related to PSII structure and activity PSII were not responsive. These results indicated that the effects of chlorophyll content measured by PCM on the photochemical phase of photosynthesis evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence occur after the degradation of chlorophyll molecules is initiated. In papaya the Portable Chlorophyll Meter (SPAD-502) was shown to be suitable for diagnosis of PSII energy distribution under N stress and senescence.


Attenborough has developed a theory to predict the ground impedance from four physical parameters; the flow resistivity (σ), the tortuosity (T), the porosity (Ω), and the pore shape factor (sp). This theory has been used to determine the flow resistivity, tortuosity, and effective flow resistivity (sp2σΩ) by fitting level difference measurements above the soil surface to the theory [Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54, 658–672 (1990)]. Subsequent work indicated that this procedure may be indeterminate. A numerical and analytic study is performed to identify and remove the indeterminacy. A new form of the Attenborough four parameter model which is a function of two independent variables is developed and is shown to be determinate for simulated data and for data published previously. These new variables are the reduced flow resistivity and reduced tortuosity. Since there are only two independent variables, an additional measurement is required to determine σeff, T, and Ω. Two measurements are suggested to remove the i...


This paper investigates how far green, ethical and/or environmental funds are deployed to represent the interests of the individual investors and to what extent the business community is encouraged to adopt 'greener' behaviour. Data were collected through a questionnaire and developed in the form of a case study. Twenty green ethical and environmental funds were surveyed in the UK. The main findings are that fund managers claim that their funds are invested on behalf of the investors. They see their fund promoting the ethical/environmental values of the investors. Fund managers further think that they have an influence on companies they invest in and believe in encouraging companies to become better corporate citizens. There is, however, little evidence of funds' action on companies. While green/ethical funds, and more generally the financial community, are potentially powerful instruments of change, they are, however, still very much governed by conventional financial tools and criteria.


In recent years,services outsourcing is a hot topic,and has been studied by domestic and foreign scholars from different perspectives,but the research on financial services outsourcing is less.In this paper,the results of research on financial services outsourcing are reviewed.Various theories for financial services outsourcing explanation are introduced.An evaluation on financial services outsourcing is pro-vided from the research subjects,research perspective and research methods.Finally,the future prospects for research have been put forward.


Dialogue is a conversation on a common subject between two or more persons with differing views, the primary purpose of which is for each participant to learn from the other so that he or she can change and grow. This very definition of dialogue embodies the first commandment of dialogue, as will be expanded below. In the religious sphere in the past, we came together to discuss with those differing with us, for example, Catholics with Protestants, either to defeat an opponent, or to learn about an opponent so as to deal more effectively with him or her, or at best to negotiate with him or her. If we faced each other at all, it was in confrontation—sometimes more openly polemically, sometimes more subtly so, but always with the ultimate goal of defeating the other, because we were convinced that we alone had the absolute truth. But that is not what dialogue is. Dialogue is not debate. In dialogue each partner must listen to the other as openly and sympathetically as he or she can in an attempt to understand the other's position as precisely and, as it were, as much from within, as possible. Such an attitude automatically includes the assumption that at any point we might find the partner's position so persuasive that, if we would act with integrity, we would have to change, and change can be disturbing. We are here, of course, speaking of a specific kind of dialogue, an interreligious dialogue. To have such, it is not sufficient that the dialogue partners discuss a religious subject. Rather, they must come to the dialogue as persons somehow significantly identified with a religious community. If I were neither a Jew nor a Muslim nor a Christian, for example, I could not participate as a "partner" in a JewishChristian-Muslim interreligious dialogue, though I might listen in, ask some questions for information, and make some helpful comments. It is obvious that interreligious dialogue is something new under the sun. We could not conceive of it, let alone do it in the past. How, then, can we effectively engage in this new thing? The following are some basic ground rules, or "commandments," of interreligious dialogue that must be observed if dialogue is actually to take place. These are not theoretical rules, or commandments given from "on high," but ones that have been learned from hard experience. FIRST COMMANDMENT: The primary purpose of dialogue is to change and grow in the perception and understanding of reality and then to act accordingly. Minimally, the very fact that I learn that my dialogue partner believes "this" rather than "that" proportionally


Every semester, I begin my journalism history course by asking the students to complete a survey form on U.S. history. The results are not encouraging: For instance, so far one of some 200 students knew all 13 colonies. This suggests a problem with assuming that most students have a fairly comprehensive knowledge of U.S. history. Yet they are impatient with starting each class with an historical overview. This apparent quandary offers a chance to provide context and suggest meanings: I use concepts to illuminate historical trends and link them to journalism history. I begin the course by citing sociologist Everett Hughes, to the effect that by considering a range of possible outcomes for a given phenomenon, one can better understand why it occurred as it did. While this may sound reasonable, it can prove difficult to grasp. For instance, my students have had trouble visualizing a print news medium that is not profitoriented and advertising-based. (Examples abound in the alternative media, which we discuss but which are outside most students' experience.) A critical discussion of daily newspapers tends to bring, at some point, a conclusion that the current print news system is the best possible one. The students link government funding with "bias." They tend to dismiss suggestions that pleasing advertisers or readers could make newspapers at least equally susceptible to "bias." In effect, the problem with discussing journalism history becomes the problem with discussing the current state of journalism: One's view of the past depends in good part on one's view of the present, as John Nerone notes (Journalism Educator, Autumn 1990). While the students are skeptical of today's journalism, they seem unable or unwilling to imagine alternatives. I find it helpful to focus on the penny press era, not as a watershed but as a growing tendency to view journalism as a business, i.e., as making a commodity to be sold for profit. I introduce Jiirgen Habermas' concept of a "public sphere," an arena of rational political discourse, "distinct from both the economy and the


This paper introduces a multimode control approach for output voltage regulation in impedance control network (ICN) resonant dc-dc converters, in which the rectifier of the ICN converter dynamically alternates between full-bridge and half-bridge topologies. The proposed control approach allows the ICN converter to maintain soft-switching across power levels, while substantially reducing input and output capacitance requirements and improving partial-power efficiencies compared to the conventional burst mode (on/off) control. These performance enhancements are analytically evaluated and quantified for an example ICN converter design. A closed-loop control architecture for the proposed multimode topology morphing is also introduced, which ensures smooth mode transitions while regulating output voltage across input voltage and load transients. A prototype 1-MHz, 120-W step-down ICN resonant converter designed for an input voltage range of 18 V to 36 V, an output voltage of 12 V, and a 10:1 output power range is built and tested. Compared to burst mode control, the topology morphing control reduces the output capacitance requirement in the prototype ICN converter by 57% and reduces converter losses at partial power levels by up to 46.5%, validating the analytical predictions. The prototype converter is also tested under closed-loop control, and is shown to successfully regulate its output voltage with smooth mode transitions in the face of input voltage and load variations.


Abstract Evaporation from shrinkage cracks which had developed vertically in a clayey field soil was determined by investigating the distribution of the temperature and humidity in the cracks. Evaporation from the whole soil surface including the cracks and evapotranspiration were also determined by the calculation of the heat balance. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Evaporation from the whole soil surface accounted for 2–12% of the evapotranspiration. Evaporation from the cracks alone accounted for 10–50% of the evaporation from the whole soil surface, although the area of cracks accounted for only about 6.7% of the soil surface area. These findings suggest that cracks may intensify the water loss from bare soil. 2. The direction of the water vapour flux in vertical cracks was downward from a depth of 7.5 cm and upward at the soil surface during the daytime on a fine day. At a depth of 3 cm, the water vapour flux in the cracks changed from a downward to an upward direction with the dry...


Application of dc electric field to a gaseous system destroys the basic inversion symmetry and allows three-wave mixing processes to occur. A theoretical derivation of this effect under conditions of resonantly enhanced nonlinearities is given for a three-level system. Calculations are presented for mixing of a CO2laser with 4-GHz microwaves in the molecule NH2D, producing single lower sideband radiation.


MI) and 30 healthy volunteers were observed. Contemporary Echo and measurement of circulating levels such as biomarkers MMP-3, MMP-9 and NT-proBNP were detected on 1, 21 and 60 day after MI. Analysis of obtained outcomes has shown that NT-proBNP has determinant role in acute changes of cardiac hemodynamics on 1 st day after MI. Value of NT-proBNP diminishes to 60 day of observation period. On both 21 and 60 day after MI, concentration of both MMP-3 and MMP-9 demonstrated interrelation with contractility and cytoarchitectonic indices of LV. MMP-3 level is associated with basic indices of cardiac remodeling in patients with Q-wave MI during acute and early post-infarction period.


Objective: The Troubleshooting Incentive Act infusion process used to strengthen safety management,protect the patient transfusion safety.Methods: In May 2009 to December 2010,on the outpatient infusion area were used for all transfusion processes,Troubleshooting to promote the implementation of the system check,the computer will soon infusion process is divided into reception classes-dispensing Class-Class III injection a link,the class does not exist for the class of error checking to check out,so there was an error fully exposed.At the same time try to make this session is not wrong.The error of detected points to the work of an award 10-100 points.Care and safety team on the error by timely scientific analysis and process improvement,prevention of errors by the error evolved into an accident.Results: From May 2009 to December 2010,our hospital a total of 280,926 passengers infusion infusion area,including 12,435 children under the age of 3 times.Through the troubleshooting Incentive Act error 4528 were identified.Improved statistical analysis of transfusion-related processes more than 10,the final error accident rate is 0.Conclusion: Troubleshooting Incentive Act applies to transfusion process safety management,accident prevention errors can achieve satisfactory results.


With the development of the times, people's demand for electricity is increasing day by day, when the requirements become more stringent. Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) can achieve the function of Power transmission among multi power sources or multi receiving ends. And compared to conventional transmission systems, it is more economical and flexible as well as many other significant advantages. This paper focuses on the advantages of MTDC and its current situation. Then it analyzes the topological structure and wiring mode with tables and figures. And the development of this technology is prospected finally.


Aiming at achieving smooth gait transition for quadruped robots, we present a Hopf oscillator-based Central Pattern Generator (CPG) with controllable phase relationships in this paper. The proposed CPG controller can facilitate changing parameters to generate different locomotion gaits. Particularly, required phase relationships between every two oscillators can be obtained by modulating the duty factor and relative phases of legs. Therefore, smooth rhythmic signals for gait transition are generated. Moreover, the onset of the gait transition can be designed accurately. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of our controller on a simulated quadruped robot. Smooth and stable transition among walk, trot and pace gait has been achieved. Both transition from walk to trot and trot to pace are finished in a second.


The paper introduces the MPLS technical principle as well as the application of VPN which is based on the MPLS. Moreover, it highlights some merits of VPN, comparing to the MPLA VPN with other traditional ones. Then it talks over the MPLN VPN application menu in the metropolitan area network(MAN)of China Union. The paper provides a beneficial feasible choice plan to construct the broad band IP access network in the Broad Band Time.


The Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions was published in November 1997 by Macmillan Reference, New York City. Such a reference tool had never before been created. It includes articles on 2,400 outstanding persons in the history of missions, representing Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, Protestant, Pentecostal, independent, and indigenous churches. The articles were written by 349 authors in 45 countries. In addition to bibliographies with each article, there is an extensive index of almost 5,000 items and an elaborate system of appendixes covering 45 pages. The appendixes provide lists of biographies according to categories of interest: time period; women; martyrs; region of service; selected major agencies, orders, religious traditions; non-Western persons; and type of work.


A industrial control system for regenerative pusher type furnace of Xinji Steel Works is developed based on PLC and computer control technics. The configuration of system and realization of control functions are introduced such as chamber temperature and combustion control, reversing system control, pressure control and accident alarming, etc. The data collection and processing, the data transmission, the operation and output of the control program, etc. are completed by PLC. Wincc is adopted to develop the higher_level computer data interchanging platform. The data can be displayed and operated through the visual interface that is simple and intuitionistic. The effect of the application in the practice is all right.


A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS DEGREE IN HOME ECONOMICS AT THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA


The invention relates to an active and passive outer rotor magnetic bearing which comprises a U-shaped passive part outer rotor magnetic conducting ring, outer rotor magnetic conductors, an outer rotor iron core, gas gaps, stator iron cores, a stator magnetic conducting ring, stator permanent magnets, a coil, a U-shaped passive part stator magnetic conducting ring and a passive part gas gap, wherein each stator iron core consists of four magnetic poles, respectively forming magnetic poles in positive and negative directions of an axle X and an axle Y, a certain gap is reserved between the inner surface of the outer rotor iron core and the outer surface of each stator iron core to form the gas gap, the U-shaped passive part stator magnetic conducting ring is arranged between two stator iron cores, two stator permanent magnets are arranged between the stator iron cores and the U-shaped passive part stator magnetic conducting ring, and the passive part gas gap is formed between the inner surface of the U-shaped passive part outer rotor magnetic conducting ring and the outer surface of the U-shaped passive part stator magnetic conducting ring. The active and passive outer rotor magnetic bearing has the characteristics of being small in size and being easy to dismantle.


Acerola is a fruit tree species highly rich in vitamin C, which has a great acceptance both in the domestic and foreign markets. However, its seeds present viability problems. This research aimed at studying the germination behavior of acerola seeds submitting them to different periods of imbibition in distilled water, under room temperature (24°C) and refrigerated (±10°C). The treatments consisted of 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours of imbibition. The following characteristics were evaluated: germination, first counting, and germination speed rate. The experimental design was completely randomized, following a 4x2 factorial scheme (imbibition periods x temperatures). The imbibition of acerola seeds in distilled water, between the periods of 38 and 48 hours, under room temperature, favored more viable and vigorous seedlings. KEY-WORDS: Acerola; germination; immersion in water; room temperature; refrigeration.


Over 160 particle size distributions were measured with the use of a Coulter Counter in the particle diameter D range of 2 to 32 μm in the Baltic waters in different seasons during 1975–78. The particle-size distributions were found to be fairly well described by the following sum of Gaussian and hyperbolic functions: k 1 D -m1 2μm ≤D ≤ D b αexp |-y(D-D 0 ) 2 + k 2 D -m2 D b 0, k 1 , m 1 , m 2 and D b are coefficients of fit and K 2 = k 1 D b m1 + m2 The Gaussian term was found to be related to phytoplankton and present when phytoplankton was at sufficient concentration. The hyperbolic term, always present, appears to be related to particles formed by non-biological processes. The average values of the parameters were found to be: α = ∼ 800 cm−3 μm −1 , γ = ∼0.7 μm −2 , D 0 = ∼6 μm for June samples, while k = 10 5 (0.99 × 10 5 ) cm -3 μm -1 , m 1 = 3.2 (0.5), m 2 = 5 (0.6) and D b = 7.5 (1.8) μm for the whole open Baltic data set, with one standard deviation in parentheses. The particle-size distribution was found to vary greatly in the Baltic, depending on season, depth and location. The greatest variations were encountered in the layer extending from the surface to the seasonal thermocline located at about 20–30 m in summer. The concentrations of all particles counted (with diameters > 2 μm) in this layer was found to vary between 2000 and 35,000 particles/cm3, corresponding to late winter and late summer, respectively. The layer extending between the thermocline and permanent Baltic halocline (60–70 m) was found to be the clearest water mass in the Baltic throughout entire year, with minimum concentrations of all particles counted as low as 1000–1500 particles/cm3. Below the halocline, the concentration of suspended particles was found to rise steeply with depth down to ∼10 m above bottom not exceeding, however, ∼1/3 of the maximum surface value. The major part of the variability of the particle-size distribution was found to be related to variations in particle concentration. The shape of the non-biological particle-size distribution function was found to be fairly stable and similar to that of other seas and oceans. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1983.tb00039.x


Seizures are common neurologic problem in all age groups attending neurological units of large urban teaching hospitals; occur in approximately 10% of children. Presence of seizures constitutes a symptom of an underlying central nervous system disorder that requires thorough investigations and management plan. Epileptic seizures are caused by cerebrocortic al hyperactivity , partial onset seizures begin in localized area of cerebral cortex. Less than one third of the seizures in children are caused by epilepsy, a condition in which seizures are triggered recurrently from within brain(1). Lesions in temporal lobe are probably most likely to cause seizures. Till date the classification proposed by International League against Epilepsy is most widely accepted and gives important guidelines in determining prognosis and predicting response to treatment. The etiological factors of epilepsy differ markedly in children as compared to adults. Partial seizures account for a large proportion of childhood seizures, up to 40% in some series. Classified as simple and complex, consciousness is maintained with simple partial seizures. Common causes include inflammatory granulomas, atrophic lesions, birth asphyxia, head trauma and neoplasm. Neurocysticerosis has emerged as a common cause in India. Neurocutaneous syndromes, arteriovenous malformations and infarcts are less frequent (2). The relationship of origin of a focal seizure, the epileptogenic focus to a structural lesion is based on three assumptions: Partial seizures are due to pathologic abnormality thus there is always a lesion, if a lesion can be shown in a patient with seizures then it is highly probable that seizures are the result of that lesion and the seizures focus originates in the vicinity of the lesion, but precise site and the extent of focus is not necessarily the same as that of the lesion. Recently, there are many investigations and modalities available for diagnosis and searching for cause of seizures such as EEG , CT scan, MRI, SPECT as well as PET . But introduction of MRI into clinical practice during the


【A bioequivalence of Daewoong $Alendronate^{TM}$ (Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Korea) and $Fosamax^{TM}$ tablets (MSD Korea) was evaluated according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). A single 70 mg dose of sodium alendronate of each medicine was administered orally to 56 healthy male volunteers. This study was performed in a $2\;{\time}\;2$ crossover design. Concentrations of alendronate in the urine were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). $A_{et}$ (cumulative urinary excreted amount from time 0 to last sampling interval) was calculated by the accumulation of the urinary excreted alendronate. $U_{max}$ (maximum urinary excretion rate) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $U_{max}$ ) were compiled from the urinary excretion rate - time data. Analysis of variance was performed using logarithmically transformed $A_{et}$ and $U_{max}$ . No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters. The 90% confidence intervals of the $A_{et}$ and $U_{max}$ for Daewoong $Alendronate^{TM}/Fosamax^{TM}$ were 0.89-1.12 and 0.82-1.02, respectively. This study demonstrated the bioequivalence of Daewoong $Alendronate^{TM}$ and $Fosamax^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.】


Intellectual property rights run counter to the interests of consumers and the public. They are also exploited in anti-competitive ways. On this account these rights should be qualified or subjected to competition regulation. The globalization of intellectual property exposes the interests of consumers and the public to greater risks unless appropriate mechanisms of protection are developed.


Section 8 of Korea"s Act on Equal Employment and Support for Work-Family Reconciliation (AEESWR) regulates the equal pay for work of equal value. Section 8 also includes the standards of judgement of 'equal value' with regard to skill, effort, responsibility, and working condition. Nevertheless, it does not define clearly the concepts or the way to judge 'equal work' or 'similar work' and 'work of equal value', which leads to problems of interpretation. In addition, when Korean courts analyze wage discrimination based on sex, they confront problems of interpretation when it comes to dealing with 'comparable worth', 'comparable work', and justification defense. This article identifies the institutional limitations of the AEESWR sec. 8 and suggests the direction for improvements to be made based on comparative study of the Canadian, UK, and U.S. legal systems.


The invention provides a hard alloy matrix for synthesis of a polycrystalline diamond compact. The face, combined with a diamond, of the hard alloy matrix is an arc face and protrusions are evenly distributed on the arc face. Due to the fact that the face, combined with the diamond, of the hard alloy matrix is the arc face and the protrusions are arranged on the arc face, on one hand, the arranged arc face increases the contact area of a diamond layer and the hard alloy matrix so that the residual stress on the unit contact face can be reduced and the transverse pressure gradient in the process of polycrystalline diamond compact synthesis can be reduced, and therefore residual heat stress distribution in the diamond compact is improved. The protrusions arranged on the arc face can solve the problem of concentration of tensile stress. Thus, according to the arrangement, the residual stress on the unit contact face can be reduced and the reduction of stress concentration can be achieved, so that the binding force of the hard alloy matrix and the diamond is improved, and therefore the quality of the polycrystalline diamond is further improved.


Abstract This paper reflects on and discusses the relationship between social work knowledge and practice in the context of work with narcissistically-oriented clients. Two subtypes of narcissism postulated in the literature are discussed in relation to the pattern of narcissistic internal claims about self and associated relational expectations. Key messages for social workers are that greater knowledge of the dynamics of narcissism may lead to: accepting and adapting practice based on the idea that narcissistic dynamics have a certain intentionality; applying empowerment models more carefully with this group; better understanding of how to effectively engage clients without reinforcing strong narcissistic tendencies or "results"; and protection of social workers' wellbeing by being able to identify and understand how narcissistic dynamics impact in practice situations. Social workers are urged to critically reflect on and to develop deeper, social work-specific, understandings of personality psychology in the interests of greater practice effectiveness.


University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. May 2014. Major: Mechanical Engineering. Advisor: William K. Durfee. 1 computer file (PDF); v, 91 pages, appendices A-H.


This article explores the pathogenic rhetoric of the Ukrainian media during the Russian attack on Ukrainian ships in the Kerch Strait. The purpose of the study is to define the terms of hate speech, dysphemisms and euphemisms used by journalists. To date, their functioning in the Ukrainian media discourse in the period of aggression in Azov has not been studied. The knowledge of these expressions and the application mechanisms of their usage helps to withstand some methods of hybrid war. The sources of these statements, including journalists, politicians, experts, activists, are found out. The author argues that the tendencies of conflict discourse in the Ukrainian media continue. Moreover, hate speech is constantly spread by the same media. The reason for this phenomenon is the lack of legislative regulation of coverage of the RussianUkrainian conflict and self-regulation of the media in Ukraine.


Multi-view clustering aims to partition unlabeled patterns into disjoint clusters using consistent and complementary information derived from features of patterns in multiple views. Downstream methods perform this clustering sequentially: Estimation of individual or consistent similarity matrices, spectral embedding, and clustering. In this paper, we present an approach that can address some of the shortcomings of previous multiview clustering methods. We propose a single objective function whose optimization can jointly provide the consistent graph matrix for all views, the unified spectral data representation, the cluster assignments, and the view weights. We propose a new constraint term that sets the cluster index matrix to the convolution of the consistent spectral projection matrix over the consistent graph. Our proposed scheme has two interesting properties that the recent works do not have simultaneously. First, the cluster assignments can be estimated directly without the need for an additional clustering phase, which depends heavily on initialization. Second, the soft cluster assignments are directly linked to the kernel representation of the features of the views. Moreover, our method automatically computes the weights of each view, requiring fewer hyperparameters. We have conducted a series of experiments on real datasets. These demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which compares favorably to many competing multi-view clustering methods. Keywords: Unsupervised learning Multi-view clustering, consistent kernelized graph, consensus spectral representation, spectral feature convolution.


Antioxidant therapy is used for the treatment of different respiratory diseases. The article deals with the study aimed to treat community acquired pneumonia with high-dose N-acetylcysteine.


Recent trends in wireless communication suffers due to spectrum scarcity. Cognitive radio technology has emerged as potential solution to spectrum scarcity which tries to reuse free underutilized spectrum. Spectrum sensing is the key function for determining underutilized spectrum. This paper discusses receiver operating characteristics (ROC) for energy detection(ED) based spectrum sensing technique in case of BPSK and OFDM modulated signals in WLAN and WIMAX system. And paper provides the performance of energy detection for WLAN and WIMAX application.


Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy No one knows exactly why nausea and vomiting occur during pregnancy, but the symptoms are very common and experienced by more than 85% of pregnant women. The term "morning sickness" is not entirely accurate, as most women have symptoms throughout the day. The symptoms can range from mild to severe, sometimes even requiring hospitalization due to weight loss and dehydration. Hyperemesis gravidarum, the most severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, affects up to 3% of pregnant women. Symptoms of nausea and vomiting are usually worse during early pregnancy. Most women feel better after the fourth or fifth month, but some can have symptoms through the entire pregnancy.


Universities are living in a time of major transitions regarding the challenge of rethinking and transforming the current pedagogical models so they can respond to the needs of the global knowmad society. In this study, the Design-Based Research (DBR) approach is used to address the improvements of two emerging pedagogical designs in e-learning in the university context: the model of the Center for Research in Education and ICT (CIIET) of the University of Santiago de Chile (Chile) and the model developed by the Education Node research group of University of Extremadura (Spain). The main focus of these models is the student, who by developing activities based on the resolution of a contextualized problem and using new strategies, accompanied by open resources for resolution, resulting in a learning outcome that can be achieved and measured through assessment. This work aims to advance in identifying of some pedagogical keys for the design of online training scenarios that promote environments of production, research, and open dissemination of best practices, to experience new creative forms and collaborative learning, which have emerged within the hyper connected society and the net-culture.


Colorimetric measurements are carried out on the various color samples in order to investigate the in fluence of the screen rulings. It is noted that in the case of off-press proofs there is not much difference in the colorimetric characteristics between 175lines/inch and 600lines/inch, whereas in the case of prints there is bigger difference. It is also noted that the differences caused mainly by the mechanical dotgain of printing inks and optical dotgain has little effects.


Background:
 The seasonal trends of idiopathic pericardial effusion (PEff) are not known. Small PEff is usually asymptomatic but moderate to large PEff may lead to cardiac tamponade necessitating pericardial drainage procedures. Seasonal variations of PEff can help identify the association with viral infections that follow a seasonal pattern. Therefore, we sought to characterize the seasonal trends of moderate to large PEff.

 Methods:
 We retrospectively identified pericardial effusion patients from January 2015 to December 2019. Moderate to large PEff was defined as PEff requiring either pericardiocentesis or pericardial window. Patients with minimal to small PEff, autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis), cardiac surgeries/invasive procedures, hemopericardium, chronic pericarditis, malignancy, and metastasis were excluded. Data was acquired from electronic medical records and frequencies, means, percentages, and chi-square test statistics were calculated.

 Results:
 Of the 472 patients with PEff, 63% (n=296) were males and 37% (n=176) females. The median age was 61 years. Pericardiocentesis was performed in 65% of patients and 35% had pericardial window. All seasons had similar incidence of PEff (winter 27%, spring 25%, summer 24%, fall 23%, [X
 2
 =1.81, p=0.612]). The incidence also remained same across all the quarters of the year (Q1 25%, Q2 25%, Q3 26%, Q4 24%, [X2=0.119, p=0.990). The incidence of pericardiocentesis and pericardial window in winter (27% vs 27.5), Spring (22% vs 31%), summer (26% vs 20%), fall (25% vs 20%) showed no difference (X2=6.40, p=0.094).

 Conclusion:
 The incidence of moderate to large acute idiopathic pericardial effusion is consistent across all seasons and quarters. Similarly, no significant seasonality was associated with pericardiocentesis and pericardial window procedures.


In article are considered particularities of the process of reduction of consonants in the steam of underivative verbs of Chechen and Ingush languages when forming the temporary forms in comparative-historical plan. Actuality of giving article is that particularities of the process of reduction of consonants in the steam of underivative verbs have not been analyzed before. In connection with this fact the process of reduction of consonants in Chechen and Ingush languages is thoroughly analyzed on the concrete factual material, there is done attempt to select their general and distinctive features in the article. Also there is given facts of relative batsbiyskiy language and Chechen dialects, which help to explain the occurring processes and their nature. The analysis of the language material allows to make conclusion that of the process of reduction of consonants in the steam of underivative verbswhen forming the temporary forms is developed broader in the plane dialect of Chechen language than in Ingush language.


-The mature technology of Web is united with the embedded. The System can absolute the remote access, monitoring and maintenance operations of equipment throughout the network and Web browser. Through introducing Internet into control network, it is possible to break through the spatial-temporal restriction of traditional control network and effectively achieve remote sensing, monitoring and real-time controlling for equipments.The advent of a new Internet communication standard, TCP/IP 6, offers significant potential in terms of remote monitoring and management of construction sites using embedded systems. The embedded system can be utilized to serve the embedded web documents, including static and dynamic information about embedded systems, to web


In this paper, I examine the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) for measurement invariance across men and women. Data for this analysis is from the General Social Survey, a nationally representative dataset of participants from the United States. Using lavaan and semPlot packages in R, I created nested models to test for levels of invariance. Results indicated that a brief 5-item DSES construct achieved scalar invariance across groups, suggesting that the construct holds true for both men and women. These findings add support for testing gender differences for DSES using the brief 5-item DSES construct.


Background: Patient safety is a growing concern in the effort to achieve high levels of quality, not only for managers but also for health professionals and citizens. Objective: To translate, adapt, and validate the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire – Intensive Care Unit version (SAQ-ICU) for the Portuguese population. Methodology: A methodological quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The instrument was validated in a sample of 120 nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs). Results: Nurses have a positive perception of patient safety, although they recognize the need to improve spe-


taries coauthored by Jürgen Renn and Florian Schmaltz that focus on the life cycle of scientific academies: their composition, emergence, development, and demise. The collection of essays coheres as a whole, with a strong emphasis on actors in London and Paris and topics like astronomy and natural history. Throughout there is a deep interest in beginnings and the methodological importance of not projecting fully established habits or agendas onto protean institutions. This is a volume for specialists interested in the history of science and intellectual sociability in early modern Europe who will appreciate both the granularity of the essays and Brill's continued dedication to printing footnotes and reproducing quoted text in original languages.


In this paper, a planar inverted-F antenna with the bandwidth enhancement techniques is presented. The antenna is designed and proposed a new modification of its shorting arm and introduction of ground slots to enhance the bandwidth of the fundamental resonant originally at 2.3 GHz. With this proposed configuration the original bandwidth of 500 MHz increases up to 120% (1100 MHz) which enables it to cover multi services such as PCS (1900 MHz), UMTS (2100 MHz), LTE (2300 MHz), WLAN (2400 MHz) and LTE (2600 MHz) bands at -10dB reflection coefficient. Result of simulation analyses shows their radiation patterns that are nearly omni-directional with antenna gain ranging from 2.7 to 3.1 dBi. The design considerations of the proposed antenna are described and the reflection coefficient and far-field radiation pattern results are presented and discussed. With these performances, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate to be considered by mobile antenna designers.


The method of administration, the parenteral method of a composition comprising a composition through parenteral administration to a human, said composition comprising at least one ω-3 fatty acid and at least one drug, wherein the at least one ω-3 fatty acid source and at least one drug is administered simultaneously.


Aim: To analyze the blood supply of tumor after transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization( TACE) by the measurement of iodine-based image in spectral CT. Methods: The spectral CT imaging data were retrospectively analyzed on 65 patients,those patients had pathological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma,and in the 3 weeks after TACE for spectral CT in our hospital. The conventional hybrid energy images and spectrum images were received in all patients. The iodine-based images were reconstructed on the post-processing workstation. The iodine concentration measurement and comparisonof tumors were made on the iodine-based images. Results: In 65 patients after transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization( TACE),the iodine concentration( IC) was statistically significant differences( P 0. 05) in the tumor and in the normal liver tissue for 5 patients( group 1),in the arterial phase. The iodine concentration( IC) was not statistically significant differences( P 0. 05) in the tumor and in the normal liver tissue for 5 patients( group 1),in the portal phase. The LNR( lesion-to-normal hepatic tissue ratio) was statistically significant differences( P 0. 05) for 5 patients( group 1) between the arterial and the portal phase. The iodine concentration( IC) was not statistically significant differences( P 0. 05) in the tumor and in the normal liver tissue for other 60 patients( group 2),in the arterial phase. The iodine concentration( IC) was not statistically significant differences( P 0. 05) in the tumor and in the normal liver tissue for other 60 patients( group 2),in the portal phase. The LNR( lesion-to-normal hepatic tissue ratio) was not statistically significant differences( P 0. 05) for other 60 patients( group 2) between the arterial and the portal phase. DSA confirmed 5 patients( group 1) tumors are still artery,60 patients( group 2) tumors had no artery. Conclusion: The Judgement of blood supply can been made by the measurement of iodine-based image in spectral CT in hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization( TACE). The Valuable imaging can been provided for clinical treatment by spectral CT.


Accidents have great effects on the multi-lane traffic capacity. Based on the similarity between the traffic flow of the non-signalized section and multi-lane accident spot,an under-accident traffic capacity prediction model was proposed,which is able to predict the multi-lane traffic capacity pre-under-and after-accident. The validity and practicability of the model were illustrated with an example. By precisely predicting the effect of an accident on the traffic capacity,this model provides the theoretical foundation of the city emergency rescue system.


A deep-sea riser drilling vessel is now under construction in Japan for the purpose of scientific drilling. The target water depth of the vessel is 2500m for the time being and will be extended to 4000m in future. In the field of offshore oil drilling, the riser drilling has been practiced for many years and in recent years it is confirmed that the target water depth of 3000m with using steel riser pipes will be possible. However, the drilling up to the water depth of 4000m has not been experienced at all and will have a lot of technical issues. One of the most important issues is to make the weight of the riser pipe lighter and its axial rigidity higher. The purpose of this research is to make clear the design concept of the CFRP riser pipe that has multiple traplock structure and develop a CFRP riser pipe capable of drilling in 4000m deep waters. Here, referring to a series of research results on the leg fixing device for jackup rigs where similar fitting structure is adopted, a prototype of CFRP riser pipe which has multiple traplock structure is designed and five experimental models are fabricated and tested. Resulting from the comparison of the experimental results with those of finite element analysis, the findings have been obtained and it has been confirmed that it will be possible to develop an actual CFRP riser pipe that has enough strength for 4000 m water depth.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


PURPOSE: A doenjang and soy sauce using sweet potato, and method for producing the same are provided to help a user to manufacture high quality doenjang and soy sauce to be suitable for modern people taste. CONSTITUTION: A doenjang and soy sauce using sweet potato, and method for producing the same are comprised of steps: cleaning bean of 78~85 weight% and a sweet potato of 4~8 weight%, boiling them with loess water of 1~4 weight%, and boiling soybeans; fermenting the boiled soybeans under 28~30°C for 5-10 hours and drying them 3-6 months(S2); washing the dried soybeans, dipping them with loess water, and fermenting them for 30-40 days(S3); and mixing the fermented soybeans with whole wheat flour of 1-5g, solt of 2-8g, and fermented Salicornia herbacea liquor of 1-5ml ripening them for 1-2 years.


We use density functional theory to compute the elastic constant tensors of two families of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to establish relationships between their structures and mechanical properties. The Zn family consist of Zn4O centers each coordinated by six organic linkers along the ⟨100⟩ directions; we studied three linkers of increasing lengths: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC), 4,4'-biphenyl-dicarboxylate (BPDC), and 4,4''-terphenyl-dicarboxylate. This relatively weak connectivity leads to high anisotropy; in fact, Zn-MOFs exhibit extremely low shear modulus and are near a mechanical instability. In contrast, Zr family studied consists of Zr6O4(OH)4 centers each linked by fumarate, BDC, and BPDC ligands along the twelve ⟨110⟩ directions. The higher structural connectivity results in stiffer frameworks with lower anisotropy. The smallest Zr-MOF exhibits nearly isotropic elasticity with a Zener ratio of 1.06. The stiffest and most compliant directions of both families are directly related to the ori...


Does education promote economic growth? Empirical evidence is not conclusive on this question. This paper uses time-series technique to investigate the relationship between government education expenditure per worker and economic growth in China during the period 1980-2011. The empirical results show that education expenditure per worker has a positive and significant impact on economic growth both in the long run and short run. Government education expenditure can promote economic growth. According to the results of Granger casualty tests,we can observe bidirectional causation between government education expenditure and economic growth. The effect of long-term government education expenditure on economic growth is greater than the short-term one. This shows the effect of long-term government education expenditure on economic growth is a long-term process of accumulation,and government education expenditure should not be a short-term behavior. At present government education expenditure of China is still at a relatively low level,so it has a large promotion space,which has a great potential to promote economic growth. In order to maintain sustained economic growth,it should be a very important education policy to increase government education expenditure and optimize the allocation of educational resources in the short term and long term.


ABSTRACT Janet Todd has offered scholars a new way of thinking about and doing literary history with an openness to speculation and supposition. This essay builds on Todd's methodology to reveal that deep and specific knowledge of radical plebeian culture during the Restoration shaped Aphra Behn's play The Roundheads (1681–82).


The relationship between breast arterial calcification and coronary artery calcification and stenosis is currently an area of active research. It has been suggested in the literature that calcified arteries in the breast may be positively correlated with coronary artery disease. The efficacy of x-ray mammography, the main breast imaging method, is generally reduced in radiologically dense breasts. In a recent study, we have shown that vibro-acoustography (VA), a novel noninvasive imaging technique that is based on the dynamic response of the object to a vibrating force, can detect microcalcifications in breast regardless of breast density. Here, we study application of VA in detecting calcified arteries in breast tissue. Initial mammogram images clearly showed 14 calcified arteries. The corresponding VA images showed all calcified arteries as fragmented linear structures. The VA appearance of the arteries highly correlated with their distinctive x-ray appearances, which allowed us to identify all of the calcified arteries in excised breast tissue. This method may eventually play a role in identifying individuals with an increased risk of coronary artery disease.


The first external systemwide evaluation of Chicago's school reform was packed into a three month period , January through April of 1 992 . The evaluation, conducted by the North Central Regional Educational Laboratory for the 1 990-9 1 school year, presented both practical and conceptual problems in assessing massive school reform. Chicago is the larg est city in the State of Illinois, educates approximately


Since the middle of the 90s, initiatives for the valuing/promotion of voluntary work has been encouraged in Brazil, emphasizing the development of organized voluntary work, a modality of action which articulates management-business knowledge to the voluntary practice. Considering, however, the relationship among voluntaries and managers of voluntary workers, it was attempted to identify the form through which the community of the Joao Paulo II Hostelling has been constituted, so that ruptures in the activities of the institution is identified, such as the organizational learning. Throughout the analysis of documents, the observation of voluntary practices instituted and interviews with agents allocated, it was possible to constitute the articulation between the managers' ideal (Calabrian formation) and some of the knowledge made available in the action, which, when constituting shared vision, have enlarged the services rendered by the organization.


The Selected Correspondence of Kenneth Burke and Malcolm Cowley, 1915-1981 Ed. Paul Jay Viking Press, 1988 Kenneth Burke and Malcolm Cowley have been two of this century's most influential men of letters. And until Cowley's death at age 90 in late March 1989, they were best friends and compulsive correspondents since their high school days together in Pittsburgh. Inspired by the bonds of mutual affection and respect, stimulated by the friction of their differing personalities and artistic perspectives, and sustained by a shared passion for literature, Burke and Cowley wrote well over a thousand letters to one another. Using superb discrimination, Paul Jay chooses several hundred of the richest letters for inclusion in The Selected Correspondence of Kenneth Burke and Malcolm Cowley, 1915-1981, perhaps the most significant collection of twentiethcentury literary letters to appear since Simon Karlinsky's edition of The NabokovWilson Letters a decade ago. Spicy, candid, profane, and reflective, the Burke-Cowley letters not only illuminate two complex, vivid personalities and their extraordinary friendship; their correspondence also charts the shifting currents of twentieth-century literary and intellectual history. Having first met as toddlers, Burke and Cowley, born in 1897 and 1898 respectively, became chums at Pittsburgh's Peabody High. Their literary interests and iconoclastic temperaments combined to forge an intimate, scrappy relationship. On long walks through the country they would pontificate with equal seriousness on literature, philosophy, girls, and fishing. Callow, pretentious, young intellectuals, Burke and Cowley were childish in their enthusiasms and petulant in their dislikes. Both were determined to become great poets, and both had quick wits and theatrical tempers. (In high school Burke once slapped Cowley for demeaning Elizabeth Browning's poetry.) For all of their shared devotion to literature and their mutual esteem, Burke and Cowley, then and after, displayed remarkable contrasts. Their friendship constituted a dialectical relationship between two intensely committed and contrasting


The strategic principle One Country, Two Systems, which is praised as a genius concept, has made what the law of socialism with Chinese characteristics contains expand in the aspect of law theory and has made great contributions to the development of world law civilization. And the successful application of the concept in Hong Kong and Macao has provided a model for the final settlement of the future Taiwan question, and besides, has set a successful example of countries peacefully resolving issues left over by history and international disputes.


O NE hundred and fifty-two years ago, in 1803, the quiet of a virgin "wild onion place," the she-kag-ong of the Ojibwa Indians, at the mouth of a small stream on the southwest shore of Lake Michigan, was disturbed by the noise of ax and hammer as Fort Dearborn, a stockade of logs, was erected.' Fort Dearborn, however, was destroyed by the Indians in 1812. Its garrison was massacred, and permanent white settlement did not come to the "wild onion place" for another decade. In the 1820's a few comfortless wooden shacks were built in haphazard array around one or two frontier stores. Mud was knee-deep in the spring and autumn. Sweltering heat, dust, and insects characterized the summer; biting subzero winds and blizzards came with the winter. It is difficult to understand why Chicago's several dozen pioneer residents considered their prospects so promising. But apparently optimism prevailed. In 1818, the State of Illinois was established. In 1831, Cook County was organized, and Chicago, by that time a trading settlement of some 200 inhabitants, became the local seat of justice. Two years later Chicago's 350 citizens called a meeting to consider incorporating their settlement as a civil town. Only 13 voters attended, but they cast a favorable vote and elected five commissioners. On August 12, 1833, Chicago became an incorporated town, with jurisdiction over 267 acres. Four years later Chicago acquired the status of a city, and the census of 1840 recorded a population of 4470. Scandinavian pioneers moved westward, passing through Chicago by the thousands. Many of them decided to remain, some to work in the railway shops, stockyards, lumber and flour mills, plow works, and other booming industries, others to find employment in the flourishing retail


1—The detailed determination of the structure of crystals requires an accurate knowledge of the relative intensities of reflexion of X-rays from a considerable number of selected planes in a crystal. The ionization spectrometer has long been used for this purpose and recently accurate photometric photographic methods have been developed for the same work. With previously existing apparatus the labour entailed in using either method has been very great and it was thought that an automatic machine would be a great improvement, for certain investigations have been impeded and others made practically impossible by the labour of intensity measurement. There are two kinds of operation performed by the ionization spectrometer which will be treated quite separately, namely the setting of the crystal in the position so that the X-rays will be reflected from a specified plane, and the recording of the ionization current produced in the ionization chamber by the reflected X-rays. The second process has already been extensively studied, but there are two new features in the method used here. The first problem of setting the crystal automatically has been solved for the first time as far as the authors are aware. The Cycle of Operations 2—The use of a crystal plate cut perpendicular to the whole set of planes under investigation (which may number a hundred or more) was introduced by Bragg and West, and has since been extensively used. X-rays are passes through a thin plate which must be set so that the particular plane under investigation is (a) vertical (for the crystal and plate rotate about a vertical axis), (b) inclined to the X-ray beam at an angle which satisfies Bragg's law.


The results are reported of the study of materials used in the CERN Closed Loop recirculation gas system currently under test with the RPC muon detect ors in the CMS experiment at the LHC. Studies include a sampling campaign in a low-radi ation environment (cosmic rays at the CERN ISR test site). We describe the dedicated RPC chamber tests, the chemical analysis of the filters and gas used, and discuss the results of the Closed Loop system. PACS: 95.55.Vj; 29.00.00 ; 61.80.-x ; 29.40.Cs


Within the framework of the publication, an L‑shaped fusion of the kidneys (horseshoe‑shaped) is considered, referring to the category of asymmetric fusion. The presented clinical case is an extremely rare form of congenital anomaly of renal fusion, demonstrating the difficulty of verifying the correct diagnosis. The article presents the results of a tomographic study, which, in addition to enlargement of the kidneys, recorded signs of dysplasia of the left ureter (stricture) and signs of an arterial vascular bed (aberrant artery of the upper part of the L‑shaped horseshoe).


Great importance is attached to the effective use of financial means in maritime transport. In this article, we will talk about mathematical modeling of optimal management of investment projects. Consider using the Matlab / Simulink software package to optimize financial management projects for shipping companies. The Matlab / Simulink complex is designed for the development and analysis of engineering applications. It can also be used to model and analyze the dynamics of economic and financial forecasts. Simulink is an application to Matlab and is an interactive tool for visual design and analysis of dynamic systems. In the article one of the tasks of financial management is considered computer modeling of indicators of efficiency evaluation of investment projects. Investment projects are characterized, as a rule, by a long interval of realization. Therefore, there is a problem of bringing cash flows (current or forecasted in the future) to monetary units of a certain period of time. In this case, the discounted value method is used, the essence of which is determined by the procedure for calculating compound interest. For a quantitative analysis of the results of investment projects, the net present value method (Net Present Value-NPV) and the Profitability Index (PI) method are widely used based on the discount calculations of income and expenses associated with the project implementation and reduced to a certain point in time (usually to the beginning of the project). As an example, consider the algorithm for calculating in the Matlab / Simulink environment the indicator of the investment project of the shipping company associated with the acquisition of a new vessel. The article shows a model made up of sections of the Simulink library that implements the calculation of the Present Value indicator. The operation of the S_PV model is controlled from the file program (Script M-Files) of the Matlab package. This article analyzes the possibility of using the interactive visual design tool Simulink to analyze the dynamics of economic and financial forecasts. The resulted results testify to expediency of application of program complex Matlab / Simulink for optimization of projects of financial management of the shipping companies. Судовождение (Shipping & Navigation) 223


We present technical details of an analysis of pseudo-scalar data from a QCD simulation with staggered fermions. The data were obtained close to the physical point with an inverse lattice spacing of about 3 GeV, and $N_f=2+1+1$. We compare different methods of extracting effective masses and decay constants in lattice units. The results of several correlated and uncorrelated fitting methods are compared, both on the simulated data set, and on a synthetically generated data set.


The global gain and pre/de-shaping technique is adopted AMR-WB+ to adjust the dynamic range of quantized data. There are two disadvantages in this technique. One is that this technique can not concentrate on adjusting the quantizing quality of part of spectrum,and the other is that this technique debases the quantizing quality of high frequency. A new method of spectrum shaping technique is proposed based on adjusting peak value of spectrum and multi scale factors to overcome these two disadvantages. The subjective and objective appraisements are given.


Changes in the matrix of cartilaginous limb-bone rudiments after cultivation in vitro in the presence of excess of vitamin A were first demonstrated by Fell & Mellanby (1952). The possible relationship of these changes, which include cellular alterations as well as loss of extracellular material, to the liberation of lysosomal enzymes was postulated by Lucy, Dingle & Fell (1961) and by Dingle (1961). It was considered that release of a proteolytic enzyme from the lysosomal particles was responsible for the degradation of the protein-polysaccharide complex of the matrix, and that liberation of other lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes might cause the cellular changes observed in cartilage cultivated in the presence of the vitamin; this hypothesis was supported by observations on the specificity of the action of the vitamin, both in organ culture and on the isolated lysosomes (Fell, Dingle & Webb, 1962). Recent experiments on the effect of the vitamin on the cell membrane of erythrocytes (Dingle & Lucy, 1962), and on mitochondria (J. A. Lucy, M. Luscombe & J. T. Dingle, unpublished work), provide further evidence that one site of vitamin A action is at the lipoprotein membranes of cells and their organelles. Though the evidence so far obtained favoured this hypothesis concerning the mode of action of vitamin A on cartilage, three important pieces of information were still lacking. (1) Although normal cartilaginous rudiments had been found to contain a protease, with an acid pH optimum, that when freed by treatment with hypo-osmotic solutions can degrade the matrix (Lucy et al. 1961), and though there was increased lysis of the plasma clot by cartilaginous rudiments grown in the presence of excess of vitamin A (Dingle, Lucy & Fell, 1961), the liberation of an acid protease by the vitamin Atreated explants had not been clearly demonstrated. (2) It was not known whether the vitamin could release the enzymes from intracellular particles isolated from cartilage, though it had been shown to liberate a protease from lysosomes isolated from rat liver (Dingle, 1961). (3) It was not known whether acid hydrolases from isolated intracellular particles could degrade cartilage rudiments. These three points have now been investigated.


This article discusses the bus real-time dispatching model and the development of dispatching system, and puts forward how to develop the bus real-time dispatching system based on BRMS, and then analyzes its system structure, developing process and advantages.


: We s し Lrveyed the usagc of uir conditioner in living roems and bedrooms to study the relationship between thennal environmcnt and the occurrence of air conditioncr On control . The11 , a thermal envirQnment contro ] behavior modd was developed wi1h the survey rcsults . Moreover . it was incoiporated illto tllo model we proposed befbre to cstimatc air condition − ing energy consumptioll with thc iIlfluence ofcross ventilation . FinaHy , wc studied the difference betweerl tllc rcsults calculated using typical lnethod and our mcth 〔} d . The results are as follow : DThe avcragc tcmperature ofOn control the and bcf and evelling durillg n , while in the momillg it is about 2 . 5 ℃ and be


On the basis of information on species number in the floras of 54 Russian cities the dependences of species diversity of urban floras on several factors (area, population and geographical location) were analyzed. According to the results of correlation and regression analysis the population density is one of the determining factors. Factors of geographic location (latitude and longitude) play a credible role in changing the proportions of native and invasive species.


We present a pattern recognizer to classify a variety of objects and their pose on a table from real world images. Learning of weights in a linear discriminant is based on estimating the relative information contributed by a set of features to the final decision. Evaluation of the discriminant is very fast, allowing for about three decisions per second on datasets without segmentation difficulties like the COIL-100 database. Experiments on that database yield high recognition rates and good generalisation over pose.


The two-component model of high temperature superconductors in its real space version has been solved using Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations. The disorder in the electron and boson subsystem has been taken into account. It strongly modifies the superconducting properties and leads to local variations of the gap parameter and density of states. The assumption that the impurities mainly modify boson energies offers a natural explanation of the puzzling positive correlation between the positions of impurities and the values of the order parameter found in the scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.


Growing environmental uncertainty has made strategic flexibility an increasingly vital capability for firms desiring to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage. This capability is even more critical for new ventures which face intense pressures to rapidly update their strategies. However, it is not clear what role different resource providers play in endeavors to develop strategic flexibility. We explore the impact of firms seeking resources from two categories of providers: tightly-coupled sources, represented by strategic alliances, and loosely-coupled sources, such as industry associations. In a field study of 148 high-tech Chinese new ventures, we find that the extent to which firms seek resources from strategic alliances has an inverted, U-shaped relationship with strategic flexibility. In contrast, the extent to which firms utilize loosely-coupled resource providers has a positive linear relationship with flexibility. We also discover two important boundary conditions on these relationships, whi...


GB/T13546 is a kind of rectifying sampling system which adapts to continuity check.On the condition of avoiding destructive inspection or unable to conduct one hundred percent inspection,based on mutual benefit,it is a good choice to ensure the acceptable properties and promote the improvement of quality in the process of manufacture,combined with statistical process control of the production in carry out GB/T13546,when establishing permanent dependency relationship in the acceptance inspection of the products provided by suppliers.This article makes a discussion on these two aspects.


India is home to the largest child population in the world. The development of children is the first priority on the country's development agenda, not because they are the most vulnerable, but because they are our supreme assets and also the future human resources of the country. In these words, our Tenth Five Year Plan (2002–07) underlines the fact that the future of India lies in the future on Indian children-across income groups, geographical locations, gender and communities.Researches on women and children reveals that there are several areas which requires the attention of planners and programme implementers. Policy decisions based on research findings are rooted in ground reality and therefore have the capacity to bring about tangible improvement in the situation whether it is with regard to nutritional status, health practices or rights of women and children. ICDS, beingan important programme aiming at the holistic development of children (0–6 years) and mothers and addresses the related issues, the investigator feels that the there is a need to evaluate the implementation of ICDS and explore the views of various beneficiaries such as pregnant women, nursing mothers, AWW, ANM, community members about the implementation of ICDS. The study would help policy makers to modify existing policies on issues related to implementation of the scheme. In the present research, descriptive survey method and purposive sampling technique was used by the investigator to collect data from 50 AWW, 50 ANM members, 100 beneficiaries(50 lactating mothers, 50 pregnant women) and 10 community members from Dhar and Pathankot block of Gurdaspur district of Punjab. Interview schedule for beneficiaries, AWW, ANM, community members designed by SEDEM, New Delhi was modified and used by the investigator to evaluate the ICDS. The investigator analysed the views of AWW, ANM, Pregnant women, Lactating mother and community members, about the implementation of ICDS. The result reflects that AWW were satisfied with their job and their suggestions for improvement of ICDS center has been implemented. However, AWW faced the problems of inadequate supply of medicine, irregular visit of doctor and infrastructure. ANM has been benefitted from the training programmes and has been provided help by AWW and Gram Pradhans of their area however they have given suggestions regarding up gradation of all the facilities provided by ICDS center. Beneficiaries has been invited by the AWW in their meetings and has been provided with health care facilities at the center however they have given suggestions regarding up gradation of all the facilities provided by ICDS center. Community members agreed that AWW and ANM has been working effectively in their area but they need to be well trained and highly qualified. Community members agreed that ANM and doctors has not been visiting the center regularly and outdated medical practices are being followed to treat the diseases of the beneficiaries.


The publicity of criminal judicial proceedings appears as a construction within the declaration of rights of those who face criminal charges. But this publicity combined with freedom of information sets up risks for other rights such as the violation of personal privacy, so much so for the accused or third parties -victims, witnesses...- These pages analyse some of the consequences of these possible conflicts of rights.


In this paper, we introduce a system and a set of algorithms for disseminating popular content to a large group of wireless clients spread over a wide area. This area is partitioned into multiple cells and there is a base station in each cell which is able to broadcast to the clients within its radio coverage. Dissemination of information in the proposed system is hybrid in nature: Each base station broadcasts a fraction of information in the form of random linear combinations of data blocks. Then the clients cooperate by exchanging packets to obtain their desired messages while they are moving arbitrarily over the area. In this paper, fundamental trade-offs between the average information delivery completion time at the clients and different parameters of the system such as bandwidth usage by the base stations, average energy consumption by the clients and the popularity of the spread information are studied. Moreover different heuristic algorithms are proposed to control and maintain a balance over these trade-offs. Also, the more complicated case of multiple sessions where each client is interested in an arbitrary subset of sessions is considered and two variants of the basic dissemination algorithm are proposed. The performance of all the proposed algorithms is evaluated via extensive numerical experiments.


Coping strategy is an important aspect that needs to be studied and predict the long-term recovery success process among individuals involved with drugs. Effective coping strategies help prevent individuals from repeating drug addiction behaviours. Therefore, this research was conducted to (1) identify the coping strategies used by drug offenders and (2) analyse the relationship between coping strategies and high-risk relapse situations among drug offenders. The research was conducted in a cross-sectional survey using quantitative methods. A total of 301 prisoners involved in drug cases and currently undergoing detention and rehabilitation at Malaysian Prisons Department were selected as respondents. The data collected were analysed using descriptive tests and Pearson correlation. The research results attained that majority of prisoners who are undergoing rehabilitation and detention in Malaysian Prisons use problem-focused coping strategies to free themselves from drugs. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis indicated that coping strategies had a significant relationship with high-risk relapse situations among prisoners. The results have implications for the stakeholders in the provision of effective educational programs, drug rehabilitation and skills training to prisoners.


This article presents a low‐profile dual‐circularly polarized array based on the series feed and sequential rotation techniques. The basic radiation element is the microstrip based corner‐cut square patch that could achieve dual‐circularly polarized radiations. By rotating four basic elements in sequence to constitute a 2 × 2 subarray and series feeding with a phase difference of 90°, the axial ratio bandwidth can be greatly enhanced. Further, by symmetrically positioning four of such 2 × 2 subarrays coupled with out‐of‐phase feeding of the four subarrays, the beam deflection against frequency is corrected. To validate the proposed design, an 8 × 8 dual‐circularly polarized array operating at 6.0 GHz was developed and examined experimentally. Measurements and simulations confirm the design well.


Introduction and Objectives: Congenital syphilis occurs when there is hematogenic dissemination of Treponema pallidum from the pregnant woman to the conception. It is estimated the rate of vertical transmission from 70 to 100% in untreated pregnant women. Factors that influence this syphilis transmission include treponemic load, disease stage, and fetal exposure period. In 40% of congenital syphilis cases fetal or perinatal death occurs. Among live births, manifestations vary from prematurity, skin lesions, respiratory distress, and bone and neurological problems. The treatment consists of one to three doses of penicillin G benzathine in the pregnant woman and partner. Pregnant women treated appropriately may re-infect themselves if their partner is not adherent to the treatment. Brazilian Journal of Development Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n. 9, p. 68482-68486, sep. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 68484 This work aims to present the rates of syphilis treatment in pregnant women's sexual partners, who performed prenatal care from 2007 to 2016, in the cities of ABC Paulista. Compare these results with those presented for the State of São Paulo and Brazil. Materials and Methods: We analyzed retrospectively and quantitatively data published in the Acute Notification Information System (SINAN) regarding congenital and gestational syphilis and the treatment of pregnant sexual partners in ABC Paulista from 2007 to 2016. The results were compared with those presented for the State of São Paulo and Brazil. Results and Discussion: In the period analyzed, 2968 cases of gestational syphilis and 1516 of congenital syphilis were reported in the cities of ABC Paulista. The highest prevalence was observed in pregnant women of Diadema (1.22%), Mauá (0,9%), São Bernardo do Campo (0,87%) and, Santo André (0,62%). The cities of Ribeirão Pires (0.3%), São Caetano do Sul (0.26%) and Rio Grande da Serra (0.23%), presented lower rates. When analyzing data regarding the treatment of sexual partners we observed that none of the cities present satisfactory results. In São Caetano do Sul 26% of partners were treated. Ribeirão Pires (23%) and Santo André (17%) and present treatment rates higher than the averages of the State of São Paulo (16%) and Brazil (13.9%). The worst results are observed in Mauá (12%), Diadema (5.2%) and São Bernardo do Campo (4.5%), all with rates lower than the state and national averages. The non-treatment of the infected pregnant woman's sexual partner increases the probability of syphilis transmission to the fetus. Diadema, Mauá and São Bernardo are the cities with the highest prevalence of congenital syphilis in the analyzed period. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that the treatment rate of sexual partners of pregnant women with syphilis is not satisfactory in any of the cities of ABC Paulista. The cities of Mauá, São Bernardo do Campo, and Diadema have the worst rates of adherence to the treatment of syphilis in their partners, lower than the state and national averages, and also have proportionally a higher prevalence of congenital syphilis.


Abstract Sorghum grain was reconstituted to 30% moisture by addition of water, or water solutions containing acetic acid, metaphosphoric acid, or sodium hydroxide. Acetic acid treated grain was stored under both aerobic and anerobic conditions. After 21 days of storage the grain was digested in vitro. In vitro dry matter disappearance was increased by each reconstitution treatment. Acetic acid treatment preserved reconstituted grain under aerobic conditions. In vitro production of acetic acid was increased (P


ABSTRACT Because of their cold tolerance and double-cropping potential, small grains such as triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) and rye (Secale cereale) can play an important role in sustainable agriculture in Tennessee. A grazing trial was conducted to evaluate TRICAL-336 (triticale), Maton (rye) and Kentucky-31 fescue (control) for meat goats. Maton and TRICAL-336 were 78 and 74% higher in crude protein, 33 and 44% lower in acid-detergent fiber, and 49 and 51% lower in neutral-detergent fiber, respectively, than Kentucky-31. Net energy, total digestible nutrient, relative feed value, Ca, Mg, K and P contents were also significantly higher (P < 0.01) for Maton and TRICAL-336. Average daily gain and live weight gain per ha of does grazing Maton (74.0 g d−1 and 12.38 kg ha−1) and TRICAL-336 (78.9 g d−1 and 11.77 kg ha−1, respectively) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of Kentucky-31 does which lost weight (−19.4 g d−1 and −2.6 kg ha−1, respectively) during the same period. Boneless major retail cut yield was 23 and 37% higher in favor of Maton and TRICAL-336, respectively, while boneless shoulder, boneless leg, loin and rack weight were 30, 35, 69 and 37% higher for TRICAL-336 and 17, 19, 22 and 61% higher, respectively, for Maton than for Kentucky-31. Hot carcass weights and chilled carcass weights were higher for Maton by 28 and 20% and for TRICAL-336 by 32 and 30%, respectively, than Kentucky-31. Slaughter weight, height to the cross, carcass length, kidney, pelvic and heart fat, thoracic circumference, blood concentration of creatine kinase, glucose, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, Ca, Na, K, monocyte, red blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for TRICAL-336 and Maton.


. This study was carried out to produce two-flowered seedlings, harvest them early in a greenhouse, and extend the harvest period. This study was carried out to effectively produce the second truss blooming seedlings to harvest tomatoes early and extend the harvest period. For production of the second truss blooming seedlings (one stem), the nutrient solution EC was supplied at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 dS·m -1 , and dynamic management (3.0 → 3.5 → 4.5 dS·m -1 ). The seedling period was 60 days, which was 20-40 days longer than conventional seedlings, and 10 days longer than the first truss blooming seedlings (cube seedlings). The plant height was 78 and 77 cm in EC 2.5 dS·m -1 and dynamic management respectively, which was shorter than EC 1.5 dS·m -1 with 88 cm. As for the EC in the cube before formulation, dynamic management had the highest EC 5.5 dS·m -1 , and the cube supplied with EC 1.5 dS·m -1 had the lowest. The production yield by treatment did not a difference among in the second truss blooming seedlings, but the first truss blooming seedlings showed lower productivity than second truss blooming seedlings. The second truss blooming seedling were harvested 35 days after planting on June 4, the first harvest date, and the first truss blooming were harvested in 42 days on June 11th. There was no difference in plant height and root growth due to bending at frequency planting. In the study on the production of the second truss blooming seedlings (two stem), the nutrient solution EC was supplied under 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 dS·m -1 , and dynamic management (3.0 → 3.5 → 4.5 dS·m -1 ). The seedling period was 90 days, which was 40-50 days longer than conventional seedlings and 10 days longer than the first truss blooming seedlings (cube seedlings). Plant height was 80 and 81 cm in EC 2.0 dS·m -1 and 2.5 dS·m -1 respectively, but was the shortest at 73 cm in dynamic management. EC in the medium increased as the seeding period increased in all treatments. The dynamic management was the highest with EC 5.1 dS·m -1 . There was no difference in yield among EC treatments in the second truss blooming seedlings, which had a longer seeding period of about 10 days, produced 15% more than the first truss blooming seedlings. In order to shorten the plant height of the second truss blooming seedlings, it is judged that the most efficient method is increasing the concentration of nutrient solution.


The habitat preference and population density of the Critically Endangered Rufous-headed Hornbill Rhabdotorrhinus waldeni and Endangered Visayan Tarictic Hornbill Penelopides panini were studied in the Central Panay Mountain range in Panay Island, western Visayas. Point counts were established to survey for hornbills and habitat variables were measured in a 30 x 30 m plot at each point. P. panini was recorded in primary and secondary forest, while records of R. waldeni were mostly in primary forest, with only one record in secondary forest. Spearman's rank order correlation and stepwise multiple regression showed that R. waldeni is positively correlated to density of large trees (>70cm DBH), with the Visayan Tarictic Hornbill showing moderate correlation with density of medium-sized trees (31–70 cm DBH). Central Panay Mountains is the largest remaining forests block in western Visayas. It is the stronghold area of R. waldeni and other western Visayas threatened species, supporting the need to declare the site a protected area.


1. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971, [Act no.34 of 1971], Govt of India. Available online at: http:// dc-siwan.bih.nic.in/mtp%20Act.pdf (accessed February 16, 2013). 2. Rasch V. Unsafe abortion and postabortion care – an overview. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011;90:692–700. 3. WHO. Safe Abortion: Technical & Policy Guidelines for Health Systems. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2003. 4. Sinha R, Bara MM. Maternal mortality in unsafe abortion. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2001;51:123–5.


Human body communication (HBC) is a new technology for mobile and wearable devices operating over body area networks. In HBC, the body is used as a medium for transmitting data between devices to replace wired and wireless technologies. This study examines the bit error rate (BER) degradation experienced by HBC systems under the presence of co-channel interference. A degradation model is proposed to estimate the change in BER, and a selective simulation method is proposed to obtain the BER performance with a small exceedance probability and a small number of BER samples.


We invited Mr. Lockley to review Homicide Investigation by Le Moyne Snyder, published by Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A., at $14. His article was so interesting that we decided not to relegate it to our book section. Mr. Lockley, prior to his retirement, was assistant chief constable of Staffordshire, and will be known to many of our readers as a former Deputy Commandant of the Police College, head of the British Police Unit in Cyprus during the emergency, and chief of the Staffordshire C.I.D.


During the last century, the culture of oysters for pearl production has been expanding worldwide. A pearl oyster shell fishery has existed in West Indian Ocean region for many decades and pearl culture was first introduced during the last decade. However, no information on the stocks and population characteristics exist, and no regulations of the fishery are in place in Kenya. The aim of this study was to examine the status of the populations and determine the influence of the environment, in particular the monsoon seasons and tidal currents, on growth, reproduction and settlement of pearl oysters. The objectives of the study were to determine the density; rates of settlement on artificial collectors; gonadosomatic cycle; growth rates of pearl oysters. To achieve these objectives, field surveys to determine the distribution, occurrence and population density of pearl oysters were conducted in study areas between Malindi and Vanga. In addition, artificial collectors were set in Malindi, Mombasa and Shimoni to monitor juvenile settlement, and growth patterns and reproductive activity were studied in Gazi Bay. Five pearl oyster species Pinctada imbricata, 'Pinctada margaritifera, Pinctada nigra, ~....",......... , •.. --Pteria penguin and Pteria chinensis were recerded -during the field surveys. Among these, P. imbricata was the most abundant ahd "Widely distributed species. The P. I margaritifera occurred in relatively low densities within sheltered areas in Kanamai, Mombasa, Gazi Bay and Shimoni. The species was most abundant in Gazi Bay (0.3±0 ..15 perl 00 m) and in Shimoni (0.25±0.18 per 100 m\ The P. penguin occurred in deep channels in Shimoni and Mombasa, while moderate densities of P. chinensis occurred in lagoons and channels in Malindi, Mombasa and Shimoni. The length frequency distributions of P. imbricata, P. nigra and P. chinensis were normal, an indication of stable populations with relatively constant recruitment and mortality. In contrast, the length frequency distributions of P. margaritifera and P. penguin were discontinous, an indication of discontinuous recruitment patterns. The settlement of commercial pearl oyster seed on collectors was low. One P. margaritifera and three P. penguin (0.05 and 0.15% of macrofauna, respectively) were removed from the collectors in Tudor channel over a one year period. Settlement of P. imbricata occurred throughout the year and was higher during the northeast monsoon season. The gonad activity and spawning of the species in Gazi Bay occurred throughout the year. Spawning intensified during the northeast monsoon season (main peak) when water temperature was rising, and at the beginning of the southeast monsoon season when temperature was declining (minor peak). Male sex expression was higher than female sex expression. The m:f ratio in the current swept area was 1:0.72, compared to 1:0.81 in the sheltered site. The shell free dry flesh weight, gonadosomatic index and gamete output of the species were higher in the current swept area. Growth rates of P. imbricata and P. margaritifera in Gazi Bay were higher in the current swept site than the sheltered site. Growth rate of P. margaritifera in Gazi Bay ranged from 0.09±0.016 per day in 60-65 mm size class to 0.02±0.004 mm per day in 95-100 mm size class, and was approximately double during the northeast monsoon season compared to the southeast monsoon season. Von Bertalanffy growth constants, K for the species in the sheltered site and the current swept site, with Loo fixed at 127.2 mm, were 0.30 and 0.38, respectively. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters for P. margaritifera ~._ ... and P. penguin in above ground culture were f(~ 0.6~Loo = 127.2 mm and K = 0.24, Loo = 230 mm, respectively. The rate of nacre deposition for P. margaritifera was 3.4±0.95 Jlffi I per day, was related to the shell growth rate, and marginally higher in the current swept site. These results add to the understanding of bivalve resources in Kenya, in particular, the abundance of pearl oysters and the influence of the environment within tropical inshore habitats. The information is also applicable in aquaculture, stock management and enhancement of pearl oyster resources.


Since 2011, the war in Syria has reshaped the lives of millions of Syrians with the displacement of over ten million people—more than half the population—inside and outside Syria, and the severe destruction of historical and modern cities and countryside. In Homs, the third largest city in Syria and the focus of this paper, entire neighbourhoods have been turned into rubble, destroying the familiar and reshaping the urban, social and cultural fabric of the city. However, despite this mass destruction and displacement, local architects, urbanists and residents are showing incredible levels of resilience; rehabilitating their partially damaged homes and providing shelter to the internally displaced population. Based on a series of interviews with architects and urbanists who remained in Syria, and with members of the Syrian diaspora, this paper explores the emerging relations between the urban past and present as citizens struggle to survive, to sustain lives and to envision a future. Memories of the pre-war Homs, and the surviving parts of the city, have become imagined and material places of refuge for many Homsis in the work of remembering, reflecting and seeking to reconstruct a vanished past—but also might be used to rethink the city, and to imagine its future. By engaging with Syrians, and narrating their stories in the time of war, this paper brings the element of human agency to the question of Syrian reconstruction; a dimension that too often is lost in studies of the Syrian crisis and of cities at war.


Oxidation of 3,(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and tritiated thymidine uptake were used to measure, respectively, the viable cell count and the S‐phase activity of D10, B9, A20 and p388d leukocytic cell lines cultured in the presence of varying concentrations of fluid from fertile and infertile hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus equinus. Exposure to hydatid fluid raised or lowered the entry of D10 cells into S‐phase depending on the concentration of the fluid and of the supporting cytokines. Enlargement of the S‐phase population was unaccompanied by increase in viable count indicating that the mitotic cycles induced by hydatid products were not completed. A similar conclusion was reached in respect of the p388d monocytic line, and both changes appear consistent with those occurring in histopathology in vivo. By contrast, the main effect on B9 and A20 B cells was inhibition of entry into S‐phase.


The purpose of this study is to identify mathematics teachers' opinions on the teaching process self-efficacy levels; and to examine mathematics teachers' teaching process self-efficacy beliefs with regards to specific variables. The study was conducted in Turkey during the second term of the 2015-2016 academic year. The study sample consisted of 328 mathematics teachers working in secondary and high schools. The "scale for teacher self-efficacy on the teaching process" developed by Korkmaz and Unsal (2015) was used as the data collection instrument for the study. The scale consists of 23 items and four dimensions. These dimensions are  individual difference, planning, method and technique diversity and use of various activities. Arithmetic mean (  ), independent samples t-test and one-way variance analysis were conducted in analyzing the data. In addition, the Lsd test was conducted in cases where a difference was detected in the anova test so as to identify between which groups the difference occurred. According to the study results, it was observed that mathematics teachers stated opinions on having high self-efficacy beliefs concerning the teaching process, that these opinions differed based on the gender, year of service, level of school of profession variables and that these opinions did not differ based on the type of school of graduation, educational background and type of school variables. The results were compared with other study results and were discussed. Suggestions were made based on the results in the final section of the study. Keywords: self-efficacy, teacher self-efficacy belief, teaching process