To design electrostatic discharge (ESD) robust equipment, the occurrence rate and the intensity of the pulses must be known. The present ESD test levels are based on studies done in the early 1980s. These studies used less than 100 MHz bandwidth, i.e. the most important part of an ESD, the initial peak was not seen. The existing current data on ESD is insufficient to access the severity of ESD. Most of the existing current data available on ESD is of questionable value, most measurements were made using untraceable measurement techniques. Beside these problems, there is no user environment database at all on transient fields of ESD. To close that gap, a new impulse monitoring system was designed. This system automatically detects ESD by the associated fields. The monitoring system records E and H field values, their peak derivatives and spectral distribution with more than 1 GHz bandwidth. Furthermore, environmental information (temperature and humidity) and time are recorded. The monitoring system is described. Methods for evaluation of the data are presented.


The Yinggehai Basin (YB) in the northwest of the South China Sea (SCS) has preserved the complete evolution of the Red River Fault (RRF), whose motion over time has largely contributed to shaping the current tectonic framework of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and Indochina Block. Here we, for the first time, image the RRF, crustal architecture, and crust‐mantle boundary (i.e., Moho) in detail under the YB from two high‐resolution 40‐km‐depth seismic reflection pre‐stack migration profiles. Our seismic reflection images provide direct seismic evidence to support a deep‐penetrating RRF, most likely crosscutting the Moho. In this sense, the RRF was a large‐scale shear zone, along with the clockwise rotation of the Indochina Block, to accommodate the Indochina Block extrusion during Oligocene‐early Miocene and form the YB. We highlight that the material extrusion along deep‐penetrating faults dominated the Tibetan Plateau deformation in response to the India‐Asia collision at an early stage.


This paper aims at identifying the key factors to maintain the quality and safety of agricultural products in the agricultural product quality and safety information system (APQSIS). Based on the theoretical framework of information entropy and complexity, this paper uses the dynamic evolutionary game model and the multiagent modeling and simulation to discuss the APQSIS agents' equilibrium strategies and the effects of their interactive behaviors on the APQSIS evolutionary stability with asymmetric information. The results show that the governmental supervision and intermediary organizations are significant to assuring agricultural product quality and safety (APQS) as well as the effective transmission of APQS information in stable environments with low complexity.


We have investigated 4‐halopyridines as selective, tunable, and switchable covalent protein modifiers for use in the development of chemical probes. Nonenzymatic reactivity of 4‐chloropyridine with amino acids and thiols was ranked with respect to common covalent protein‐modifying reagents and found to have reactivity similar to that of acrylamide, but could be switched to a reactivity similar to that of iodoacetamide upon stabilization of the positively charged pyridinium. Diverse, fragment‐sized 4‐halopyridines inactivated human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase‐1 (DDAH1) through covalent modification of the active site cysteine, acting as quiescent affinity labels that required off‐pathway catalysis through stabilization of the protonated pyridinium by a neighboring aspartate residue. A series of 2‐fluoromethyl‐substituted 4‐chloropyridines demonstrated that the pKa and kinact/KI values could be predictably varied over several orders of magnitude. Covalent labeling of proteins in an Escherichia coli lysate was shown to require folded proteins, indicating that alternative proteins can be targeted, and modification is likely to be catalysisdependent. 4‐Halopyridines, and quiescent affinity labels in general, represent an attractive strategy to develop reagents with switchable electrophilicity as selective covalent protein modifiers.


This paper presents a calibration and correction method for detector cell gain variations. To provide variable slice thickness capability in multislice volumetric scanners, while minimizing costs, it is necessary to combine the signals from several detector cells. The process of combining the output of several detector cells with non-uniform gains can introduce numerical errors when the impinging x-ray signal varies over the range of the combined cells. These scan dependent numerical errors can lead to artifacts in the reconstructed images, particularly when the numerical errors vary from channel-to-channel. A projection data correction algorithm has been developed to subtract the associated numerical errors. For effectiveness and data flow reasons, the algorithm works on a slice-by-slice basis. An initial error vector is calculated by applying a high-pass filter to the projection data. The essence of the algorithm is to correlate that initial error vector, with a calibration vector obtained by applying the same high-pass filter to various z-combinations of the cell gains. The solution to the least-square problem gives the coefficients of a polynomial expansion of the signal z-slope and curvature. From this information, and given the cell gains, the final error vector is calculated and subtracted from the projection data.


In this thesis, the effect of fluorinating reagents on a selection of transition metal-mediated organic transformations was investigated. The first four chapters are focused on gold-catalysed nucleophilic addition processes performed in the presence of "F⁺" sources. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to homogeneous gold catalysis and summarises the aims and objectives of the project. The effect of the electrophilic fluorinating reagent Selectfluor (82) on the gold-catalysed rearrangement of propargyl acetates 85 is discussed in Chapter 2. α-Fluoroenones 92 resulting from fluorodeacetylation of an allenyl acetate intermediate were delivered as the major products of these reactions (Scheme i). [Scheme i Gold-Catalysed Rearrangement-Fluorodeacetylation of Propargyl Acetates 85.] By contrast, performing the gold(I)-catalysed cyclisation of allenoates 102 in the presence of Selectfluor (82) led to products of oxidative coupling. The "F⁺" source in these processes most likely acts as an external oxidant in an Au I III redox cycle. In Chapter 3, the cascade cyclisation-intramolecular arylation of benzyl-substituted substrates is discussed whilst the extension of the methodology towards intermolecular homocoupling and intermolecular alkynylation is presented in Chapter 4 (Scheme ii). [Scheme ii Gold-Catalysed Cyclisation-Oxidative Coupling of tert-Butyl Allenoates 102.] In Chapter 5, the feasibility of palladium-catalysed allylic [ 18 F]radiofluorination was investigated using high-specific-activity [ 18 F]fluoride. This study led to the development of the first transition metal-mediated C- 18 F bond-forming process of relevance for the preparation of radiotracers for PET imaging (Scheme iii). [Scheme iii Palladium-Catalysed Allylic [18F]Radiofluorination of Allylic Methyl Carbonate 227b.] Chapter 6 gives full experimental procedures and characterisation data for all compounds.


The object of this thesis is to lay open a repertory of music which has long been ignored, the music for two and more choirs composed by Roman composers of the generation of Palestrina and his immediate successors. Polychoral music is taken to mean music in which two or more independent and consistent groups of voices take part, singing separately and together; the parts should remain independent in tuttl sections, with the possible exception of the bass parts. By this definition, the first real polychoral music to be published in Rome was that by Giovanni P. da Palestrina in his Motettorum liber secundus of 1575. This is taken as the starting point for this study. Music which might have influenced Roman composers is examined, as well as eight-voice music by Roman composers which is not polychoral according to the above criteria. The development of polychoral music in the city is then traced through the reigns of the various popes from Gregory XIII to Paul V, whose death in 1621 is taken as a convenient place to end the study. Particular emphasis is laid on structural and textural aspects and the way these were adapted by successive composers. The ground for the Roman concerts to style was laid in the early experiments by composers such as Giovanni Animuccia, Palestrina and Tomas Luis de Victoria; this is traced through what is termed the 'fragmented' style of the last two decades of the sixteenth century to the full flowering of the large-scale concerts to motet after 1605. The music is studied in the context of the institutions for which it was written. The archives of these Institutions have been researched for information on performance practice, which is presented here. The broader cultural, social and religious background which spawned the idiom is also examined and polychoral music related both to the new propagandist attitude of church leaders from Gregory XIII onwards, and to a general expansion in musical activity in the city of Rome through the period under investigation. The various printed and manuscript sources for this music have been researched and the resulting catalogue of pieces by fifty or so composers who worked in the city is presented. A more detailed examination is carried out of the primary manuscript sources, from which valuable information on various aspects of the music can be obtained.


Turbulent flow of water in an 1 mm long and 0.4 mm high gap of an emulsifier is investigated experimentally using micro-PIV technique and compared with numerical predictions. The purpose of the investigations is to develop a procedure for well-controlled generation of mono-disperse suspension of micro-droplets. The micro-flow measurements are based on epi-fluorescence illumination and high-speed imaging. The experimental data are compared with the numerical results obtained using direct simulation and turbulent flow model. From the turbulent modelling (k−ε) it was found that, the maximum of turbulent energy dissipation rate takes place mainly in the micro-channel gap. However, measured and directly simulated (DNS) velocity fields indicate that flow turbulization is delayed and develops shortly behind the gap. Experimental and numerical results are used to predict droplet dimension of two different oil emulsions. Very low amount of oil-phase fraction in investigated emulsions justifies us to use flow characteristics evaluated for pure water to predict mean diameter of oil droplets. These predictions are validated using experimental data on statistics of droplets size. © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.


The purpose of this research is to know the role of accounting information system in merchandise inventory at UD Company ASA Lumajang to achieve the fulfillment of consumer demand, and inventory control of merchandise at UD. ASA Lumajang, so that there is no difference between the inventory of goods in the ware house with the existing data. The analytical method used is decriptive analysis method with qualitative research type. Variables in this research is the purchase of goods, the sale of goods and inventory to get the expected profit. Implementation of accounting information system to merchandise inventory at UD.ASA Lumajang done through several stages, where the first stage by analyzing the accounting information system about accounting information system that have been done company. The second stage is to conduct research on the effectiveness of accounting information system tools on the stock of merchandise within the company. Next is to match the merchandise inventory data on the existing company in the computer by using accounting information system, with stock merchandise inventory in the warehouse. Based on the results of he analysis conducted, it can be seen that applying a good accounting information system should pay attention to the application of elements in it. The main focus of inventory relating to the accounting information system is that transactions carried out by the company are sufficient to achieve the planned objectives


Antigen specific T-cell responeses are important for the eradication of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in acute infection. Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular cytokines is a simple method for studying the T-cell response at the single-cell level in a short period pf time. In the present syudy, we invesfisated the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell response using flow cytometry. Eight patients with acute hepatitis B and 2 patients with fulminant hepatitis B were studied. Heparinized peripheral blood was incubated with recombinant HB core antigen (HBcAg), and intracytoplasmic cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry. HBcAg-specific interferon-gamma positive CD4 T-cella were positive in 4 of 10 patients while HBcAg-specific interferon-gamma positive CD8 T-cells and interleukin-4 positive T-cells were negatiive in all patients. No intracytoplasmic cytokines were demonstrated in healthy subjects or with recombinant hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens. HBcAg-specific CD4 T-cells could be detected by a sensitive flow cytometric analysis of the peripherad blood and the cytokine profile of these cells was Th1. These results suggest that HBcAg-specific Th1-type CD4 T-cells may play an important role in controlling viral clearance during acute HBV infection.


PURPOSE: An automatic switch device is provided to rapidly separate or recover a trouble section of a transmission or distribution line by operating a motor unit when the transmission or distribution line is trouble. CONSTITUTION: A sensor unit senses the voltage and current of a load terminal. A communication module transmits a measurement signal of a sensor unit in real time. A CPU(100) determines an FI(Fault Indicator) by the fault current or voltage in real time. A storage unit(200) is charged by the power flowing in the transmission or distribution line. A motor unit(300) is driven with an operation signal of the CPU. A main body(400) receives a CPU, a storage unit, and a motor unit. The rotary shaft unit is connected to the shaft of the motor unit. An operation connection unit is horizontally installed in the end of the rotary shaft unit.


In 1986 Gijs Kuenen discovered a microbe that his colleagues thought could not exist. Recently it was discovered that the creature is responsible for half the worlds marine nitrogen production. Farewell portrait of the discoverer. Gijs managed to put the Delft School of Microbiology back on the map again.


It is important that patterns of contact and transfers of time and material resources between family generations continue to receive attention, yet it is also essential to broaden the enquiry to examine the evolving nature and meanings of these transfers, and changes in intergenerational relationships more generally. The demographic and welfare state contexts of grandparenting have retained their central importance, and evince some intriguing developments, not in the least the postponement in the age of becoming a grandparent in some contexts. Grandparenting in countries that are undergoing rapid economic and social development is flagged as an area of growing interest. Gender and intersectionalities are brought into particularly close focus, through investigations into the gendered divisions of labour among grandmothers and grandfathers. The growing importance of transnational grandparenting is emphasised. Grandparental roles, agency and influence are highlighted as topics that deserve more attention.


Quintet.net is an interactive Internet performance environment enabling up to five performers to play music in real-time over the Internet under the control of a "conductor." The environment consists of four components: a server, a client, a conductor and a listener. The players interact over the Internet by sending musical (control) streams to the server. In addition, the conductor can log in and control the musical outcome by changing settings remotely, either manually (improvisation) or by executing a score (composition). Quintet.net has additional video and graphical properties, which allow for better interaction and control on a symbolical level: The performers see the music they produce on screen in "space" notation. The conductor, acting as video DJ, can mix films or live video streams to create a truly medial Gesamtkunstwerk. Several compositions have been specifically written for Quintet.net or used it as an integral component, such as the Munich Biennale opera Orpheus Kristall. On May 3rd, 2002, in the opera Orpheus Kristall, for the first time Orpheus journeyed into the Internet instead of into the Underworld. This occurrence symbolized the increasingly profound relationship which opera is entering into with the new media. The new media make it possible to simultaneously present both real stages and virtual ones and to extend the space of operatic events to a global dimension through the inclusion of the Internet. Orpheus Kristall was conceived by a team consisting of composer Manfred Stahnke, librettist Simone de Mello, director Bettina Wackernagel, literary manager Peter Staatsmann, set designer Stephanie Wilhelm and web designer Bettina Westerheide under the aegis of Tilmann Broszat (Munich Biennale for Contemporary Opera) and Jens Cording (Siemens Arts Program). My task primarily consisted of the development and preparation of Quintet.net, an interactive, networked, real-time performance environment that enables interaction between musicians in and via the Internet. As the name Quintet.net implies, up to five participants can be involved in an Internet performance; however, "participant" does not indicate one individual performer in this case, but rather a location in which several performers can be present. The program consists of four components and runs on the Apple Macintosh platform. It was programmed with the graphical software MAX, with the addition of the audio and video extensions MSP and Jitter. The core of Quintet.net is the server, to which all of the During a performance with Quintet.net, the audience follows the Internet events projected on a screen. Quintet.net consists of 4 program components that are connected in a local network or over the Internet. Quintet.net – A Quintet on the Internet


ONE OF LATIN AMERICA'S more prominent dramatists is Griselda Gambaro of Argentina. Her reputation is well established in her own country and she has begun to gain recognition in the United States as her plays have become more readily available. Her dramatic world has been compared to the Theatre of the Absurd in general. In addition, Tamara Holzapfel has already stated her belief that Gambaro fulfills the "basic requisites of the theatre as envisioned by Artaud by using non-rhetorical language integrated with gestures and all kinds of sound, by incorporating psychological cruelty and physical violence, and by assigning primary importance to the mise-en-scene." It is the purpose of this paper to offer a detailed examination of the four available plays of Gambaro in relation to the Artaudian theories on the importance of physical imagery on stage.


A method and apparatus for providing a first FGS encoded video stream (305) and a second FGS encoded video stream smooth transition between the transmission on the network (310), wherein each of the FGS encoded video streams comprising base layer (325, 330). The method comprising: selecting a first video stream of the transmitted P-frame (315), selecting the next P frame (320) in the second video stream to be transmitted, determines the transmission of the first video stream P frames ( differences between the 315) and P-frames (320) to be transmitted next second video stream, P-frames and the difference between the network transmission of the P-frames instead of the next to be transmitted ( 320).


Objective: Zinc has been studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and also for its immune function in end stage renal disease patients. The aim of this review is to clarify whether there is a relationship between zinc levels and ESRD patients in hemodialysis. Methodology: A search through LILACS and MEDLINE database using the keywords "zinc", "chronic kidney disease" and "hemodialysis" was performed. Articles in English and Portuguese performed in humans with the previous words were selected. Studies with subjects younger than 18 years of age were excluded. Moreover, exclusion criteria included patients with absence of diagnosis of end stage renal disease and not in hemodialysis; patients treated with peritoneal dialysis, absence of abstract available, absence of clear association between zinc deficiency and worse prognosis. Results: The search found a total of 214 articles. A total of 44 publications were selected after appliance of exclusion criteria. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency is highly prevalent, and it not only showed influence on inflammatory and immunological processes, but also interfered with metabolism and other systems. Zinc supplementation was considered positive. In summary, lower zinc levels are related to end stage renal disease patients in hemodialysis and supplementation seems to be a promising approach in such cases.


It is proposed to distinguish the concepts of resilience and buffering for the soil as an open system in nonequilibrium conditions. It was shown on experimental data that buffering parameters determined in a closed system could be used for the evaluation of the harrier function of soils with respect to heavy metals.


"There are old women skilled in its preparation who, furnished with the necessary materials, are shut in for two days to distil the ointment. When the house is opened if the women are well and not found lying on the ground, half dead from the fumes of the poison, they are severely punished, and the ointment is thrown away as valueless. The strength of the poison is such that the mere odour of it during the preparation almost kills its makers."


We present a high-resolution record of benthic foraminifera fauna from a sediment core retrieved from the South Cape Basin (Subantarctic South Atlantic) spanning the last glacial cycle (95 kyr). Information provided by benthic foraminiferal assemblages together with paleoclimate proxies from the same core allow us to interpret changes in the style of primary production (episodic versus sustained) in relation to abrupt climate oscillations. Our results indicate that fluctuations in the abundance of the phytodetritus-related species, Epistominella exigua, are concomitant with millennial-scale high-latitude climate perturbations. Episodic phytoplankton blooms increased during a negative mode of the bipolar seesaw, irrespective of the magnitude of the perturbation (i.e., Heinrich stadial versus non-Heinrich stadial events). We provide a hypothesis linking the frequency and intensity of these events to atmospheric perturbations, interhemispheric climate variability, and millennial-scale changes in atmospheric CO2. A notable exception to the overall pattern is the generally high abundance of E. exigua across the globally synchronous onset of glacial marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 4, a period generally characterized by increased dustiness and low-quality organic carbon as inferred by the percentage of the nonphytodetritus species. This highlights the special characteristics governing the onset of MIS 4 in the Subantarctic.


By means of such research methods as literatures and historical study,the thesis explores the premise of establishment of the International Olympic Committee(IOC) from subjective and objective perspectives.Based on it,profile and characteristics of the IOC in the time of establishment is described and analyzed according to the theories of organization in an attempt to provide a certain reference for the further study and spread of Olympic movement.


Millennial generation employees are employees who value flexibility in their work. Therefore, work-life balance is one of the factors that can affect the attitude of millennial employees in the company. Job satisfaction is an employee's perspective on his work to see how far the company has met employee expectations. A work-life balance makes employees feel job satisfaction because they can work well while in the office; therefore they do not need to be burdened with problems outside of work. In addition, good quality of work-life balance will increase employee retention so that the company can avoid problems related to employee retention. This research aimed to explore the effect of work-life balance on job satisfaction and employee retention of the millennial generation employees in the city of Bandung, Indonesia. The sample used in this study was 196 employees from various fields of work. Analysis of data used simple linear regression, by testing the quality of the data through validity and reliability test. Study results found that there was an effect of work-life balance on job satisfaction as much as 8.3%, and there was an effect of work-life balance on employee retention of 4.4%. One of the managerial implications of the research results that can be implemented is organization should provide a good work environment and facilities to increase the motivation of the employees.


Market-impact costs are a widely discussed issue in investment management, but are rarely quantified in a way that is useful for investors in making manager-selection decisions. In this article, I adapt academic research to create a simple formula for measuring market-impact effects from the outside in, and discuss the implications of these costs on capacity, pricing, and other issues. In particular, there is a contradiction between the size at which funds close and their fee levels, suggesting that asset managers either do not understand market impact well, or alternatively that they believe they cannot generate alpha in excess of their fees. The paper also outlines directions for future research.


The effects of intravenous isoprenaline on the response to exercise were studied in five normal adults. Each subject exercised on a bicycle ergometer at work loads of 50, 100, 150 watts. At each work load ventilation and gas exchange were measured; cardiac output and stroke volume were calculated using the Indirect (CO2) Fick method.

Isoprenaline produced no significant changes in oxygen consumption or in minute ventilation. Heart rate was significantly increased by isoprenaline in all subjects, the increment becoming smaller at higher workloads. In four of the subjects cardiac output was increased by isoprenaline, stroke volume being virtually unchanged. In the remaining subject cardiac output was unchanged with a fall in stroke volume.


This paper considers some Koul and Yang (1989) type minimum L 2 -distance estimators of the scale parameter, under the Koziol-Green (K-G) sub-model of the censored two-sample scale model. The specific forms of the pertinent distribution functions are not required and the use of the L 2 -distance results in robust scale estimation. In our minimum L 2 -distance estimator, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the survival function under the K-G model is used rather than the product limit estimator (PLE) of Kaplan and Meier (1958) that is used in Koul and Yang (1989). Several asymptotic properties of the estimator are established. A representation of the estimator that facilitates its computation is derived. Furthermore, it is shown that the minimum L 2 -distance estimator based on the MLE of the survival function is asymptotically more efficient than the estimator based on the PLE of the survival function under the specified K-G sub-model.


In this paper a new technique of utilizing parallel sigma delta modulation for high frequency switch mode digital power amplifiers is presented. This approach allows achieving a factor of two increase of a digital logic speed for band-pass SDM with minor adjustments made. A universal scheme for a SDM system transformation is provided. Since the transformation scheme is established, a parallel low-pass SDM, expandable to a factor of four clock frequency reduction is designed. The parallelization of a low pass SDM however requires modification on the form of a Noise Transfer Function in order to preserve desired speed of a digital logic. This can affect the overall performance of the SDM. The derivation of the systems is provided through analysis of discrete time domain equations. The method is validated through simulations.


Introduction : Stunting is linear growth which failed to achieve the genetic potential as a result of poor diet and infection. In general stunting can be caused due to insufficient food intake. Adequacy of energy and protein is influenced by the purchasing power of food. Household expenditure for food is one of the indicators that can describe the state of the welfare of the population.
Objective : The aim of this research is to determine the correlation between the expenditure of food with the level of food intake in stunting children at Sidowarno village, District of Wonosari, Klaten.
Methods : This study use an observational method with cross selection design. The volunteer in this study is stunting children aged 36 – 59 months with the respondent are their mothers. The sampling use simple random sampling were used 40 stunting. In food intake level data retrieval using 3x24 hour recall method. Whereas for food expenditure using the form of food expenditure. Data analyzing using Chi-Square test, so it can be determined whether there is a relationship and strength of the correlation between the two variable. Result : The prevalence of food expenditure on family Stunting toddler high at 55.6%, the level of energy intake for Stunting is included in good classification by 35.6 %, and the level of protein intake for stunting which is quite good at 68.9 %. Base on Chi-Square analysis for the Relationship with the food expenditure and the level of energy intake resulted in p value 0.944, while for the relationship of food expenditure with the level of protein intake resulted p value 0.428 Conclusion : There was no correlation between the expenditure of food with the level of food intake in stunting children at Sidowarno village, District of Wonosari, Klaten.


The invention discloses a software probation period controlling method. The software probation period controlling method comprises the steps of generating a serial number of software by utilizing time information of the software probation period; in a serial number activating process, acquiring and storing the time information of the serial number; when receiving any one request for the software, recording a receiving time of the request; comparing the receiving time of the request with the time information, and determining whether the receiving time of the request exceeds the probation time of the software. According to the software probation period controlling method, provided by embodiments of the invention, change of software probation time due to tampering of the serial number can be effectively avoided, and rights and interests of software manufacturers are protected.


The article presents results of research study intended for identifying degree of cognitive impairment in elderly citizen residing in conditions of institution of stationary social support. The study was conducted in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation institution of social services. The obtained results confirmed necessity to organize primary preventive work and permitted to test program of correctional classes with elderly people having cognitive impairments. The comparative analysis of results of primary and control diagnostics testifies that efficiency of corrective impact depends on degree of cognitive impairment and beginning time of correctional work. The early correction of cognitive abnormality of light and moderate degree is the most successful. It actualizes issues of timely diagnosis of cognitive abnormalities in elderly people and necessity to develop activities of primary prevention of dementia.


With the development of pen-based mobile device, on-line signature verification is gradually becoming a promising kind of biometrics. A method for the verification of on-line handwritten signatures using both support vector data description (SVDD) and genetic algorithm (GA) is described. A 27-parameter feature set including the shape and dynamic features was extracted from the on-line signatures data. The genuine signatures of each subject were treated as target data to train the SVDD classifier. As a kernel based one-class classifier, SVDD could accurately describe the feature distribution of the genuine signatures and detect the forgeries. To improve the performance of the verification, the feature subset selection and the parameters of classifier were jointly optimized by GA. Signature data form the SVC2004 database were used to carry out verification experiments. The proposed method has 4.93% average Equal Error Rate (EER) for skill forgery database.


The purpose of this study is to research which aspects of the defusing directives at Eastern-Uusimaa Emergency Services Department, how employees at Porvoo rescue station experience the defusing sessions and what kind of impact the sessions have had on responders' wellbeing. Findings of the study are based on answers from a questionnaire answered by paramedics and firefighters at Porvoo rescue station. The results of the study will hopefully give a better insight on what the employees really think about the current directives and initiate thoughts on how to possibly improve the directives. The main questions of this graduation project are: Which aspects of the current defusing directives are working, and in what way? Which aspects of the current defusing directives are not working, and why not? How could the defusing activity improve? The material for this research was collected via questionnaire, which was answered by a total of 27 employees. A questionnaire was selected as method for the study, since it was believed to be the fastest and most efficient method for a quantitative research like this. As a theoretical frame of reference, the writers chose a theory of Eriksson about health as an integrated state of sanity, verdure and wellbeing. The results of the study show that majority of the responders feel that defusing have had a positive impact on their wellbeing. The study also shows that the majority is pleased to use defusing as a tool and feel that the sessions are useful. As suggestion of development many responders say that threshold of arranging a defusing session should be lower.


A reversed-phase chromatographic system is used to separate 17α-ethinyloestradiol-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol (ethinyloestradiol) from structurally related steroidal compounds. A direct and highly sensitive method of assay is given for uncoated tablets containing ethinyloestradiol, as used for contraception. The method is modified for sugar-coated tablets used for relief of menopause symptoms and is sufficiently sensitive to detect ethinyloestradiol if it is present with other steroids as a contaminant.


The industry of our country basically realize the production automation control mode,the computer control technology plays an important role in the industrial transformation.The MCGS configuration software is the core device of industrial automation,intelligent processing is suitable for various types of data,analyzed the problem of industrial MCGS data processing and control.


Lift-off technology provides an alternate metal patterning technology to that of subtractive etching. In this raper, we describe an image reversal process which provides a practical means for reliably producing resist stencils which are required for successful lift-off in a 2.0 μm metal pitch CMOS process, as well as for experimental submicron processing. Experimental data and PROSIM simulations are presented to show the effects of patterning exposure dose, flood exposure dose, develop time, and focus parameters on resist linewidths as well as for control of resist retrograde (undercut) sidewall angles. Deposition and subsequent lift-off of Al/Cu alloys and sandwich metallizations is demonstrated. Because the image reversal process enables pattern definition at the top of the resist film, it is demonstrated that thicker resist films can be used to produce finer resolution of lift-off stencils over topography than would have been expected without resorting to multilayer resist structures.


The aim of this paper is to try to modelize numerically the spectrum of a cracked beam. In the first
part of the paper general mathematical results due to M. Schatzman are presented. In the second
part of the paper, the mechanical problem is presented. In the third part an original finite element is
proposed in order to take into account a crack in the beam. The fourth part is devoted to numerical
results. Conclusion are given at the end of the paper.


Regulation of toxic chemicals has traditionally been pursued through a strict command-and-control model, and market-based mechanisms have been assumed to be unworkable in the toxic chemical context. However, a new California law makes conscious use of marketplace incentives to achieve health protection goals. Despite bitter opposition, the strategy at this early stage appears to be working. Major industries have adopted "self-policing" measures in order to comply with the law, and government agencies are being relieved of primary enforcement burdens. The new law, Proposition 65, also consciously seeks to reverse an important disincentive to effective regulation that is inherent in traditional command-and-control structures for toxic chemical control. In response to the changed structural incentive, California's progress in solving long-delayed regulatory issues has been impressive, particularly in comparison to the federal record.


For some facilities that routinely release small amounts of radionuclides to the atmosphere, such as hospitals, research laboratories, contaminated clothing laundries, and others, it is necessary to estimate the dose to persons very near the buildings from which the releases occur. Such facilities need simple screening procedures which provide reasonable assurance that as long as the calculated dose is less than some fraction of a relevant dose limit no individual will receive a dose in excess of that limit. Screening procedures have been proposed for persons living within hundreds of meters to a few kilometers from a source of radioactive effluent. This paper examines a screening technique for estimating long-term average radionuclide air concentrations within approximately 100 m of a building from which the release occurs. The technique is based on a modified gaussion plume model (HB model) which considers the influence of the tallest building within 100 m and is independant of atmospheric stability and downwind distance. 4 references, 2 tables.


. We introduce the space K p,k ,p > 1 that is the vector space of all C ∞ -functions f such that e k | x | p ∂ α f vanishes at infinity for all α ∈ N n and its dual K (cid:2) p,k . For f,g ∈ K (cid:2) p, 2 p k , k ∈ Z , k < 0, we study the linear functional f ⊗ g on K p,k defined by Also, we show a representation theorem and an inversion formula for the usual distributional Fourier transform over the spaces K (cid:2) p,k , k ∈ Z , k < 0.


We test how the compactness of L1 and L2 sound categories may reflect individual differences in L2 sound acquisition. To this end, we examined the speech of ten L1 English-L2 Spanish learners over one semester in early Spanish courses. We analyzed VOT values of voiceless word-initial stops produced during word- list reading tasks in both languages. The results show that L1 English VOT compactness at the beginning of the semester correlated with L2 Spanish VOT accuracy at the end of the semester for all learners (R2 =.663, F(1,9)=15.7, p=.004). This finding indicates that L1 category compactness may reflect speaker characteristics, such as production precision, which influence progress in L2 learning. Moreover, we found that lower, more target-like L2 Spanish VOT correlated with higher L2 Spanish VOT standard deviation at the end of the semester for all learners but those with the most target-like pronunciation (R2 = .562, F(1,7) =7.71, p =.032). This suggests that speakers with relatively target-like L2 pronunciations may show more compact categories; yet, for early learners with non-target-like pronunciations, L2 categories may expand as production improves. In sum, L2 categories seem to reflect both a learner's personal production precision and their specific time-point in their L2 pronunciation development.


Abstract Soft power is a two-step process. First, countries need to possess national cohesion and international credibility. Second, they can then project certain marketable images to other countries. When transferred into a discussion of sports, it can be argued that sporting mega-events have become important arenas through which to exercise aspects of this soft power matrix. This article considers Brazil's hosting of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Olympics Games. I seek to understand whether they successfully promoted national cohesion by renewing a Brazilian national identity and healing social divisions. The result, I argue, is largely negative. Neither the World Cup nor the Olympics spread the message of national cohesion hoped for by the political establishment that successfully bid for the events. Instead sporting mega-events in Brazil provided a unity of protest and only the hope, that in time, the periphery can be heard over the centre.


This paper concerns decision processes in systems at the group level. The accuracy and domain of a model of rational choice developed by Siegel are increased through the use of complementary models of the process by which subjects estimate the probabilities of reciprocated choice in a simple coalitions game. Two alternative models are presented, one a simple linear stochastic learning model, the other a Bayesian model. Both are tested in conjunction with the Siegel model using data from experiments on coalition formation conducted by Ofshe and Ofshe. Although both models perform significantly better than a static null model, which makes predictions corresponding closely to the original Siegel model, the performance of the linear model is superior to that of the Bayesian model in all but one case. The results illustrate the way in which models developed in one area of research, probability learning, may find useful application in another, coalition formation.


In the last 50 years there has been a plethora of academic research around consumer behavior (Macinnis & Folkes, 2010). While there have been a variety of topics examined by researchers, many aspects of persuasion and its effects on consumers' decisions are not fully understood. Positive and negatively valenced emotions impact persuasive appeals in different ways.

An individual difference construct called emotional intelligence has proven to be remarkably effective in helping research understand how individuals organize and process emotions. What is not clear however, is how emotional intelligence mediates the persuasiveness (i.e., effectiveness) of emotional appeals.
The authors review the extant literature and offer several testable hypotheses that speak to the nature of the mediating effects of emotional intelligence. Data will be presented indicating whether the hypotheses are supported or not.


Food service can be defined as those entities responsible for meals prepared outside the home. Included in this definition are restaurants, schools, catering companies, hospital cafeterias, and commercial or institutional kitchens operating within other venues. Food service distributors typically supply foods in bulk to these entities. Consequently, these institutions have a need to understand and implement appropriate microbiological specifications, such as sampling plans, rapid testing, and interpretation of data. In food service operations as well as the rest of the food industry, the question, ''How many samples should I require be taken and tested?'' is an important question that is frequently asked and is particularly important in the context of establishing supplier microbiological criteria. Related to that question are deeper considerations and questions including the following: (i) Is the target organism likely to be evenly distributed in my food sample? and (ii) if the organism is evenly distributed, does that mean one sample is enough? Another critical concern relates to interpretation of results, particularly as they relate to retesting, and addresses the questions, ''Is retesting an appropriate means to verify the accuracy of my test data? And, if so, when is it appropriate?'' All these issues are addressed in this chapter.


This piece forms part of the development of a postgraduate research project, currently registered at Nottingham Trent University. This work has emerged from an ongoing consideration of the ways that solo performance is constituted by the spectator experience. It is a practice‐based study and has positioned the written thesis as a central submission element. The working title is other versions of an uncertain body: writing towards an account of a solo performance practice. This writing is part of an evolving body of work concerned with the use of writing as documentation of live performance, as both research processes and outcomes; a movement between the study and the studio. This stage of the research project is looking at the ways in which our own bodies and the bodies of others become written into our works, through the negotiation between approaches to performance practice and the practice of theory.


Copolymerization of propylene oxide with carbon disulfide was studied by using a catalyst consisting of diethylzinc (ZnEt2) and various electron donors. Tertiary amines, tertiary phosphines, and hexamethylphosphoric triamide were the effective donors for the copolymerization, but ZnEt2–water, alcohol, and primary or secondary amines having high activities for the homopolymerization of propylene oxide were not effective for the copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon disulfide. The copolymers obtained were of low molecular weight and had a monomer unit ratio (CS2/PO) of 0.5–0.7. In addition, a considerable amount of 1,3-oxathioran-4-methyl-2-thion was isolated as a by-product.


The case was 11-month-old girl diagnosed as tetralogy of Fallot with severe pulmonary valve stenosis and suffering from severe cyanosis. A catheter study demonstrated pulmonary artery (PA) was well arborized, but severely hypoplastic in spite of previous transcatheter pulmonary valve dilatation;PA index was calculated as 69 mm2/m2. A central end-to-side aorta to PA shunt was created. Cyanosis was well improved, but congestive heart failure occurred after 1 month from the operation. Subsequent catheter study demonstrated pulmonary artery growth, 166 mm2/m2 of PA index and major aortopulmonary collateral artery( MAPCA) coil embolization was performed. Patient underwent Rastelli type definitive repair 9 month after palliation. The central end-to-side aorta to PA shunt is reported as useful measure for promoting PA size increase and definitive repair achievement in patient with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect and severely hypoplastic PA. Appropriate consideration of criteria, carefull follow up and treatments are necessary.


ABSTRACT The relationship between cognitive functioning and play behaviors of children residing in an orphanage was examined. Twenty-six young children (15 boys) between 10 and 38 months of age participated. More developmentally competent play behaviors were highly related to better performance on cognitive functioning as measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (r = .78, p ≤ .01). The participants' play behaviors were less competent compared to previous data for children of the same chronological age living at home on four out of five levels of symbolic play (p ≤ .05). However, when compared to data for children living at home with similar cognitive development, the participants demonstrated no significant differences in symbolic play (p ≥.05). The findings suggest that the relationship between thinking and playing is robust, even in an institutional environment. Additionally, practitioners assessing children from institutions who cannot engage in standardized testing may consider observing play behaviors to make an initial estimate of developmental status.


The ancient idea of Heavenly Punishment confused natural phenomena with social issues,which resulted in Zhang Heng's tragedy in his later years and seismoscope. The instrument might have been lost in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. A series of extremely serious chaotic social events caused by war took place,such as a fire in Luoyang,forging coins by destroying copper wares,relocation of the capital,sharp population decrease,and the destruction of the Ling Observatory. Zhang's scientific thought and successful practice had played an important role in ideological enlightenments at the primary stage of modern seismology at the end of the nineteenth century. There is a glorious course of"innovation—inheritance—re-innovation"of scientific and technical development from the inception Zhang Heng's seismoscope to the modern seismograph invented by Milne,et al.


Electronics and circuit theory are acknowledged as troublesome subjects when first introduced to students. This leads to low student retention into later electronics courses, especially in universities that offer a common first year where students are free to change streams after the first year. We report on a detailed study of the application of Threshold Concept Theory to an introductory electronics course. We identify some Threshold Concepts, explicit and tacit. We postulate that a high density of Threshold Concepts accounts for the reputation for troublesome learning in, and low retention following, these courses. We further suggest that the bimodal distribution of marks that is commonly observed in electronics teaching is a hallmark of a Threshold Concept. This may have significant impact on assessment.


Featuring new findings and fresh insights from an international roster of labor economists, including such eminent authors as Morley Gunderson, Harry Holzer, and Paul Ryan, this book delves into a uniquely wide range of high-profile labor issues affecting youth in the US, Canada, Europe, and Japan – from declining job, wage, and training prospects to workplace health hazards, immigration, union activism, and new policy strategies. This widely accessible introduction to the latest research in the area presents original empirical economic studies in an engaging style.


A novel method for groundwater lowering, which can be applied at construction sites, for aquifer remediation measures or in open mining, is proposed. In contrast to conventional techniques, dewatering is achieved without water conveyance. In this paper the physical concept of the new technology, referred as single borehole pump & inject, is modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics. Two and three dimensional models are developed respectively and potential equation derived from Darcy's law is solved. The dynamics of hydraulic head changes in unconfined aquifer is modeled using arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ale) moving mesh method. Numerical results from the model show the same trends as measured data from field experiments.


Acne vulgaris is the most common disorder that is seen in adolescents. In Indonesia, the number of acne vulgaris in 2007 reached 80% of cases according to the group of dermatologist and cosmetics Indonesia.Many factors cause acne vulgaris, one of which is a poor facial skin personal hygiene facial skin. Poor facial skin personal hygiene will trigerring the accumulation and proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes which then causing the occurrence of inflammation. The goal from this study is to determine the correlation between facial skin personal hygiene with the rates of occurrence of acne vulgaris in Al-Munawwir Islamic Boarding School Yogyakarta. This study use an observational research design with cross sectional approach.The sample of this study is all male students at 16-19 years old, lived in Al-Munawwir Islamic Boarding School Yogyakarta and suffered an acne vulgaris.Sommers'd corelation test obtained a correlation value (r) is 0,527, which mean there is a relationship between facial skin personal hygiene with the rates of occurrence of acne vulgaris with the level of intermediate correlation (0,4-0,6).There is correlation between facial skin personal hygiene with the rates of occurrence of acne vulgaris.


The variation of permeability with the flow rate has been investigated. This variation is demonstrated by conducting specially designed experiments. The results show that permeability increases significantly as the flow rate increases. The implication of this observation is that the permeability measured under some given conditions is not always applicable to the actual molding situation. Furthermore, the permeability is not constant over both the space and time domains during the filling process. In order to take such dependence into account, a permeability model and an estimation technique for determining the coefficients of the model are proposed.


Colletotrichum truncatum conidia produced from a one week-old culture in a liquid semi-defined medium with a C:N ratio of 5:1 were more tolerant of desiccation than those harvested from two or three week-old cultures. Conidia washed with 20% (w/v) sucrose germinated better than unwashed conidia or those washed in 10% (w/v) sucrose, 10 and 20% (w/v) glucose or fructose, 0.1% (w/v) soluble starch, 0.9% (w/v) NaCl or deionized water. Washing with sucrose (20% w/v) also resulted in significantly longer germ tubes than those produced by unwashed conidia or conidia washed with deionized water or NaCl (0.9% w/v). Conidia washed twice in sucrose showed greater desiccation tolerance during storage at 15% relative humidity (RH) and 15°C than at 30% RH and 15 or 25°C or at 15% RH and 25, 5 or -10°C.


Detailed study of channels in the Mangala and Kasei Valles regions of Mars strengthens a theory that the authors presented earlier: that channeling episodes have occurred at many different times and by several different mechanisms. The study utilized new, high-resolution, 1:500,000-scale maps compiled as base material for selecting candidate sites for a future Mars rover/lander/sample return spacecraft. Nestus Valles, west of Mangala Valles, are incised in young basaltic lava flows and are overlain by a very young volcanic unit, possibly a pyroclastic deposit. Crater statistics define the relative ages of the volcanic units that bound the ages of the very young, episodic, fluvial events that formed the channels. Samples collected at the Nestus site by a future lander/rover vehicle and returned to Earth for radiometric analysis would determine the age of these events more precisely. Similar relations exists for many small channels northeast of Mangala Valles. Narrow, young channels are incised in the floors of the intermediate-size valleys of Asopus, Hermus, and Abus Valles. At Abus, the mouth of a broad valley is buried by young basalt flows; a younger inner valley cuts into these flows and is buried, in turn, by a younger flow. A lobe of one ofmore » these flow invades and flows part way up the mouth of Taus Valles. In the Kasei Valles region, parts of the older, very broad, Kasei outflow channel are incised by fluvial grooving and contain streamlined islands; a younger, narrower, inner valley cuts the older valley; both valleys are buried by younger lobate basaltic lava flows.« less


Background: Modern breast cancer (BC) therapies have led to significant improvement in disease free and overall survival, but are associated with off target toxicity including cardiotoxicity. Current cardio-protective strategies have included all patients (pts) receiving potential cardiotoxic cancer therapy with modest clinic benefit. In this pilot study, we examined the role of cardioprotective therapy (CPT) in BC pts identified as having subclinical or clinical cardiotoxicity. Methods: Early BC patients (pts) in the PREFECT Study (NCT03543228) were serially examined for cardiac function up to 1-year after initiation of chemotherapy (CT) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. CT included epirubucin and cyclophosphamide every 2 weeks x 4 followed by paclitaxel (weekly x 12 or every 2 weeks x 4) and targeted therapy (e.g trastuzumab) if human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive. Myocardial strain was quantified using fast-strain encoded (fast-SENC) across 37 left and 11 right ventricular segments. The percent of segments with normal strain (≤17%) was calculated (% normal MyoStrain). Clinical cardiotoxicity (CTx) was defined as an absolute change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 10 % to below 53 %; subclinical CTx was defined as an asymptomatic decrease in LVEF of 15 % or worsening global longitudinal strain (GLS) > 15 %, or abnormal cardiac biomarkers (troponin, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N terminal-BNP). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize subject demographics, medical history, cardiovascular measures, and response to CPT. Response to CPT was defined as restoration of cardiac function, wall motion, absence of cardiac symptoms, and normalization of cardiac biomarkers. Results: A total of 40 BC pts age 50 (+/- 12.5) years and body mass index of 25.4 (+/- 5.8 kg/m2) were enrolled and followed for 273 +/- 126 days. Clinical CTx was observed in 4 (10 %) patients and subclinical CTx in 15 (37.5%). Pts with clinical CTx were older, had a higher Charlson co-morbidity index, and had significantly reduced cardiac function (49.5% +/- 9.5% normal MyoStrain) despite normal CMR LVEF (54.2% +/- 4.0%). Pts with subclinical CTx had a smaller decline in cardiac function (58.6% +/- 9.1% normal MyoStrain) despite normal CMR LVEF (56.4% +/- 4.9%). 12/19 pts with CTx showed improvement with CPT (candesartan -9, ramipril -2, lisinopril -1, and beta-blockers (BB): yes -8, no -4); 1 did not improve, 4 did not receive CPT and 2 remained on ineffective anti-hypertensive medication. Pts at baseline, without CTx, or showing improvement based on CPT, had significantly higher % normal MyoStrain (79.0% +/- 11.8%, 79.5% +/- 9.3%, and 80.4% +/- 9.8% respectively) and normal CMR LVEF (59.7% +/- 4.2%, 59.9% +/- 4.9%, and 60.7% +/- 5.1% respectively). Discussion: Identifying BC pts at high risk of experiencing cancer therapy related cardiotoxicity enables a more tailored approach to cardio-preventative strategies. In this pilot study the majority (12/19) of BC pts identified with subclinical or clinical CTx demonstrated improvement in cardiac function with CPT. Proactive tailored cardio-protection may also prevent long term permanent cardiac dysfunction and associated heart failure. Larger, multi-center trials are warranted to evaluate the short and long term benefits of CPT in this pt population. Citation Format: Susan Faye Dent, Henning Steen, Moritz Montenbruck, Sebastian Esch, Pia Wulfing, Kyle Janson, Daniel Lenihan. Cardioprotective therapy in breast cancer patients with subclinical and clinical cardiotoxicty [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-18.


The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is both an infectious disease and one of immunologic aberration. While it is a "new" disease and one that has defied attempts to date to discover either a cure or a vaccine, our knowledge about both infectious and immunologically mediated diseases should be applicable to the AIDS problem. Further, the complexity of interacting variables in the pathogenesis of immune deficiency and consequent vulnerability to a variety of infections strongly suggests that AIDS is multifactoral' and understandable from a biopsychosociul perspective.* Because AIDS is a disease of immune dysfunction, one that manifests itself by infection and/or neoplasia, and one that critically involves the central nervous system,' AIDS is particularly amenable to a psychoneuroimmunologic a p p r ~ a c h . ~ Our current research is focused on long-term survivors of AIDS. While the prevalent belief among the general public, persons with AIDS, and even the professional community is that AIDS is invariably fatal, there is a small but growing number of individuals who are alive and well 3, 4, and even 5 years after an AIDS diagnosis. Such individuals may be compared against the average life expectancy for AIDS patients, which may range from 18 months to as little as 2 months, depending on which of its many forms the disease takes. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), which accounted for 60% of all AIDS patients a t the time of our study, is responsible for more AIDS deaths than any other infection. About 35% of AIDS patients have


Symbols lay in basis of forming historical memory and culture, creating base for the next generation. Ukrainian folk art was chosen as example of generic experience preservation. Historical memory is factor of national identity and consciousness, plays important role in system of social values, that are articulated through the frame of symbols and culture codes, as information center, that will be decoded by the next generation. Symbols creates culture memory, they transform texts, subject patterns and other semiotic structure, from one round of culture to another. Accomplished by centennial ideology traditions, symbolism and methaphorics are peculiar to folk Ukrainian art, that is indicated by author's originality (individual display) and connection to collective folk art (generic experience display). A lot of Ukrainian folk artists become world famous: Kateryna Bilokur, Maria Prymachenko, Ivan Lysenko etc.


Requirements elicitation is a collaborative process that needs both domain and system experts' attention to deal human and organizational aspects. Collaboration helps to build shared understanding about a system's environment or contextual situation where a new information system intends to be a part. Lack of structured organizational knowledge representation and in depth understanding of organizational situation that includes both hard and soft system aspects, leads to poor requirements specification. In this paper, based on a conceptual model of an organization, a multi-perspective ontology is proposed to structure organizational knowledge. As a result, it facilitates expert-user collaboration and assist experts to understand contextual requirements. Empirical findings are examined to nurture the proposed ontology. The results, obtained in a case study, are encouraging to make use of the ontology.


During the past three years, frequen~ shopper pro- grams have proliferated among retail grocery chains. The present paper defines these programs, describes variations of them, and dis- cusses their operation. The paper suggests directions these programs may take in the future and raises a number of issues associated with their design and implementation.


Why can pre-trained language models (PLMs) 001 learn universal representations and effectively 002 adapt to broad NLP tasks differing a lot super- 003 ficially? In this work, we empirically find evi- 004 dence indicating that the adaptations of PLMs 005 to various few-shot tasks can be reparameter- 006 ized as optimizing only a few free parame- 007 ters in a unified low-dimensional intrinsic task 008 subspace , which may help us understand why 009 PLMs could easily adapt to various NLP tasks 010 with small-scale data. To find such a subspace 011 and examine its universality, we propose an 012 analysis pipeline called intrinsic prompt tun- 013 ing (IPT). Specifically, we resort to the re- 014 cent success of prompt tuning and decompose 015 the soft prompts of multiple NLP tasks into 016 the same low-dimensional nonlinear subspace, 017 then we learn to adapt the PLM to unseen data 018 or tasks by only tuning parameters in this sub- 019 space. In the experiments, we study diverse 020 few-shot NLP tasks and surprisingly find that 021 in a 5 -dimensional subspace found with 100 022 tasks, by only tuning 5 free parameters, we 023 can recover 87% and 65% of the full prompt 024 tuning performance for 100 seen tasks (using 025 different training data) and 20 unseen tasks, re- 026 spectively, showing great generalization abil- 027 ity of the found intrinsic task subspace. Be- 028 sides being an analysis tool, IPT could further 029 bring practical benefits, such as improving the 030 prompt tuning stability. 031


Wildfire are increasingly frequent events on a planet undergoing climate change. With more favourable climate conditions for their occurrence, like prolonged periods of drought, the frequency and intensity of these catastrophes continue to increase. Protected areas are important territories for conserving ecosystems and biodiversity around the world and serve as a key management tool in national environmental policies. Many studies have been developed around the world to assess the conditions, frequency, and intensity of fires, and, on the other hand, protected areas are intensively studied to understand whether conservation actions are effective in keeping the ecosystem balanced. However, there are few studies that contemplate these two themes together. Consequently, this study offers a bibliometric analysis of the wildfires and its occurrence in protected areas, aiming to understand the spatial and temporal relation between them, characteristics of the research studies, and trending issues to be worked on. We used the Bibliometrix package in R language, which provides the option of different methods for analysing bibliometric data to understand the temporal evolution of the published documents about wildfires and protected areas. In total, 1116 publications were analysed, ranging from 1970 to 2022. The findings show that the terms "fires" (185 occurrences), "fire" (117), "wildfire" (101), and "forest fire" (92) are more frequently used and associated with studies on topics including biodiversity (304), conservation (221), environmental protection (188), deforestation (148), ecosystems (138), forestry (133), and climate change (126) as well as protected areas (399). The highest growth of research has been registered since 2002. The majority of the publications were published by authors from universities in the USA (77), South Africa (72), the United Kingdom (22), and Brazil (19). The USA leads all other countries with 7 of the top 10 international collaborations, followed by Brazil, Australia, and South Africa. However, only the United Kingdom continues to maintain an increased number of external (inter-country) collaborations, whereas the other nine continue to maintain an increased number of internal (intra-country). Considering the top 10 authors in terms of production, only 1 was active from 1999 to 2019, and the other 9 only have been active since 2009. The topics that stand out were subjected to a coupling analysis, which revealed that environmental protection is a motor theme, endangered species, Australia, and savannah are niche themes, and protected area, biodiversity, and fire management are basic themes.


Elution profiles of 32P-labelled inorganic phosphate (Pi) from roots of intact barley plants were observed and were found to conform to the pattern theoretically derived for three compartments in series. An allowance was made for the movement of labelled phosphate from the cytoplasm into the root xylem. Transformations of labelled phosphate within metabolically labile organic pools seem to be invisible kinetically because their rate constants are generally higher than that for Pi efflux across the plasmalemma and tonoplast. It is concluded that compartmentation of phosphate between cytoplasm and vacuole can be explored usefully by this technique especially if used in conjunction with other methods which can measure the size of cytoplasmic organic phosphate pools.


The invention relates to an autoclaved aerated concrete block and a manufacturing method thereof, belongs to the technical field of building materials, and aims at solving the problems of high manufacturing cost and poor quality of products of the autoclaved aerated concrete block in the prior art. The autoclaved aerated concrete block comprises main materials, water and a foaming agent; the main materials include the following components (in percentage by weight): 65%-75% of tailing sand, 8%-12% of quick lime, 15%-18% of cement, and 2%-5% of gypsum; the material-to-water ratio ranges from 0.57 to 0.62; the foaming agent is added proportionally by 500g/m3 according to the total volume of the materials. The autoclaved aerated concrete block has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, convenient construction, environmental protection and energy conservation; the block further has the advantages of low weight, high heat retaining property, high anti-permeability, good fireproof performance, good sound insulation and sound absorption properties, accurate size, high strength and no radioactivity.


A political economic perspective on preparing for peace emphasises these aspects: reallocation: shifting resources from military to peaceful purposes; redistribution: redressing the material economic inequalities that underpin so many social conflicts; and revival: harmonising economic, environmental and social goals to enable more fulfilling lives in a peaceful society.IntroductionThat matters of war and peace have an economic dimension is widely recognised. Would the USA and its allies, including Australia, have invaded Iraq in 2003 if Iraq's main export was asparagus or bananas, rather than oil? Whether the military intervention was 'all about oil' is debatable, as Doran (2012) emphasises, but there is little doubt that it has been a major factor in the awful sequence of events that is still unfolding in the region.The political dimension of conflict is even more obvious. Indeed, where there are economic interests there is always politics. Powerful people seeking personal advantages - such as 'corporate welfare' or low tax rates on high incomes - commonly influence the political institutions and policy processes. That influence can take many forms, ranging from the funding of political parties and 'think tanks' to outright corruption of politicians. The democratic political system of which modern societies boast is thereby subverted. The connection between capitalism and democracy, commonly posited by ideologues of the political right, looks ever more shaky. The formally egalitarian political principle of 'one person, one vote' becomes subordinated to the market economic principle of 'one dollar, one vote'. It also bodes ill for peace because, wherever powerful sectional interests dominate over broader public interests, social conflict and its manifestations, including violence, are endemic.Bringing together these economic and political considerations takes us onto the terrain of political economy. It gives us a lens - or multiple lenses - through which we can understand how societies use their resources for better or worse, for war or peace. It gives us a basis for understanding the inequalities of wealth and power that underpin so many ongoing social problems. Further, it gives us tools for considering different political economic arrangements that would be conducive to creating a more equitable, sustainable and peaceful society. It gives us another avenue for preparing for peace.This article develops these themes by looking briefly at three political economic dimensions of the challenges that we currently face in a dangerous world - reallocating our resources to more peaceful purposes, creating greater social cohesion through the redistribution of wealth and fostering harmony between economic, environmental and broader social goals. These three political economic challenges may be summarised as (1) reallocation, (2) redistribution and (3) revival. As a prelude to their consideration in this article, we need to recognise the flaws in the ideological underpinning of the current arrangements, particularly the economic ideas that are used to defend the status quo.Challenging Conventional TheoriesPeople whose primary concern is with promoting peace may be forgiven for shying away from the study of economics. Understandably, they may regard that subject as not directly relevant to the necessary personal and social transformations. It may even be dismissed as part of the problem, not part of the solution. This is a view with which I have some empathy, based on seeing how economics is normally taught and applied. University research studies show that young people who are predisposed to selfish, competitive and materialistic behaviours are those most likely to be attracted to the study of economics. Other evidence shows that these personal behaviours - the characteristics of homo economicus -become yet more pronounced as a result of studying the subject. A mutually reinforcing process of selection and inculcation is evident - chicken and egg - irrespective of the intentions of the teachers and students. …


A new type of draft tube spout-fluid bed (DTSFB) is described in which the draft tube physically separates the particle feeder section from the particle separator section as seen in Figure 2, creating an extremely versatile fluid/solids processing apparatus. This arrangement, denoted a type 2 DTSFB, allows the fluid mass flow rate in the draft tube and the dynamic pressure drop across it to be independently specified. As a result, the solids mass flow rate in the draft tube can be set and/or varied by changing the solids fraction, the particle velocity, or both. An additional property of this new DTSFB is that the effluents from the draft tube and annulus do not mix. Either stream can be collected or recycled as needed. In addition, the unit is easily controlled and scaled, and fluid—particle processing can be conducted in the draft tube, annulus, fluid—particle separator, or a combination of all of these. Equations are presented and sample calculations made to show how this new DTSFB works and how the solids fraction and particle velocity in the draft tube are set and varied. The data of Grbavcic et al. (Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1992, 71, 895-905) form the basis for the sample design calculations presented for a water-driven type 2 DTSFB. It is also shown that three independent variables capable of specifying the total mass fluid flow rate entering the inlet section, the split in that flow between the draft tube and annulus surrounding the draft tube and the dynamic pressure drop across the draft tube completely specifies the fluid and particle flows. Basic control schemes are outlined. A general equation is derived for calculating the maximum superficial fluid velocity allowable in the annulus (U a.max ). That velocity must be less than (U mF - ∈ a υ a ). Calculations demonstrate the effects of varying the total fluid mass flow rate supplied to the inlet section, the split of that fluid flow rate between the draft tube and the annulus, and the effect of the solids fraction and the dynamic pressure drop across the draft tube. Other calculations showing the effect of feeding all the inlet fluid flow to the draft tube provides a means for calculating the bounding limits that the annulus flow has on the operation of a type 2 DTSFB. Finally, we show the maximum particle circulation rate in the draft tube for a given fluid velocity in the annulus that will result in incipient fluidization of the annulus solids.


This contribution considers the Constitutional Court's judgments about aspects of sentencing over the last 20 years, since its establishment. The article starts with an overview of relevant judgments, before attending in more detail to judgments on the minimum sentences legislation and on sentencing when it affects children. On this foundation the article then discusses the human rights that are affected by the imposition of sentences on offenders, notable the right not to be punished in a cruel, inhuman or degrading way, and the right to dignity. It points out various aspects of the law that need further clarification. The article ends with a consideration of a possible next chapter in sentencing law and submits that this is most likely in connection with minimum sentences.


Aimed at the training actuality of applied talents' engineering practice and innovation ability in colleges and universities,and combined with CDIO international engineering education idea,the construction idea of professional curriculum system based on knowledge,ability,and quality is discussed.Also,taking the module courses teaching reform as a starting point,the current contents of experimental teaching are integrated and optimized.The engineering practice teaching system and the production,teaching,scientific research and applying system multiple cooperation system is analyzed and researched.The practice shows that the reform of practice teaching has good practical effect in the training of applied talents' engineering practice and innovation ability.


A new semi-analytical modification of a frequency-domain numerical approach is presented for the description of nonlinear waves containing shocks. A known high-frequency asymptotic behavior of the spectrum of a wave with a singularity as a shock is taken into account in order to reduce the number of spectral components for the accurate numerical solution of nonlinear problem. A finite set of coupled equations for spectral amplitudes which approximates the infinite set of equations corresponding to an exact spectral formulation of the Burgers type equation is presented. High-frequency components are approximated by analytic asymptote of the sawtooth-like wave, that provides a main term in high frequency series expansion of the entire wave spectrum. Several model problems are considered to verify the accuracy and stability of the numerical scheme. It is shown that in comparison with direct spectral algorithm, this approach provides an adequate description of the shocked nonlinear waves and pulses with much less (about 10 times) number of harmonics.


Objective To estimate the population-level causal effect of source of payment for HIV medication on treatment adherence using Marginal Structural Models. Methods Data were obtained from an observational cohort of 76 HIV-infected individuals with at least 24 weeks of antiretroviral therapy treatment from 2002 to 2007 in Kampala, Uganda. Adherence was the primary outcome and it was measured using the 30-day visual analogue scale. Marginal structural models (MSM) were used to estimate the effect of source of payment for HIV medication on adherence, adjusting for confounding by income, duration on antiretroviral therapy (ART), timing of visit, prior adherence, prior CD4+ T cell count and prior plasma HIV RNA. Traditional association models were also examined and the results compared. Results Free HIV treatment was associated with a 3.8% improvement in adherence in the marginal structural model, while the traditional statistical models showed a 3.1–3.3% improvement in adherence associated with free HIV treatment. Conclusion Removing a financial barrier to treatment with ART by providing free HIV treatment appears to significantly improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy. With sufficient information on confounders, MSMs can be used to make robust inferences about causal effects in epidemiologic research.


1 ( Economics Faculty, Widyagama University, Malang, Indonesia ) 2,3,4 ( Economics and Business Faculty, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ) ____________________________________________________________________ Abstract: This study aimed to test empirically: 1). Effect of external business environment adaptability to company performance. 2). Effect of external business environment adaptability to company performance through competitive strategy mediation. 3). Effect of implementation of Total Quality Management to company performance through competitive strategy mediation. 4). Effect of implementation of Total Quality Management toward company performance. This study uses a contingency approach that integrates external and internal aspects, as well as the important role in determining company's competitive strategy to improve company performance. The population was 154 units of ISO 9000 certified manufacture companies in East Java. The analysis unit is entire study population (census research) and the respondent is the operations manager. Research data is analyzed by Generalized Structured Component (GSCA). The findings of empirical study showed: (1). Ability to adapt to external business environment indirectly affect company performance improvement. (2). Adaptability of external business environment affect company performance improvement through competitive strategy mediation. (3). Implementation of Total Quality Management affect company performance improvement through competitive strategy mediation. (4). Implementation of Total Quality Management has indirect effect toward company performance improvement. The research novelty is that competitive strategy is a Completed Mediation between the variable of external business environment adaptation toward company performance and the implementation of Total Quality Management to company performance variables.


The responsible design of financial products is a topic of increasing regulatory interest (ASIC, 2014). The issues range from the performance and risks of complex financial instruments, to the marketing and advertising of products to consumers (OECD, 2013). In this research, the relationship of financial literacy to product design is examined in the context of known behavioural finance anomalies. The choice of words used to position a product on the risk-reward spectrum is examined in the context of complex financial products. The study employs semiotic analysis, a method originally from literary criticism, which is now applied to consumer choice (Mick, 1986), advertising (Adams & Garcia, 2007) and the analysis of messaging in audit reports (Hronsky, 1998) and credit risk (Bonne, 2011). This paper finds evidence of a misleading framing of risk and reward in the advertising for binary options. Our recommendation is to consider tighter guidelines on the use of language like investments, when dealing with instruments which are clearly speculative, with the financial properties of gambles.


A white stripe leaf mutant st11 was obtained from tissue-cultured rice Kitaake(Oryza sativaspp japonica).This mutant was characterized by white stripe leaves from tillering stage to mature stage.Compared with the wild type Kitaake,the mutant showed no obvious changes in agricultural traits,such as tiller number,plant height,seed-setting rate,and grain weight.Genetic analyses showed that the white stripe leaf phenotype in the mutant st11 was controlled by a single recessive gene.Two F2 segregating populations derived from the crosses,st11×Jodan and st11×02428,respectively,were used for mapping the gene st11.Bulked segregant analysis suggested that the gene st11 was located close to the markers,RM151 and RM10080,on chromosome 1.Using more molecular markers,we finally delimited the gene st11 to a region of about 270 kb between the Indel markers,I10 and I26,on the telomere of the short arm of chromosome 1.


Teaching materials are one the crucial elements in the execution of the learning process, so an educator must be able to put up their best efforts to present teaching materials that can support learning goals. Teaching materials serve as a source of knowledge and media for learning, which is something that is crucial, especially to boost learning effectiveness and meet learning goals quickly and effectively. Education professionals must put the most effort into the preparation of teaching materials since they can utilize them to define the direction and goals of learning outcomes. As a result, the creation of teaching materials is crucial to the process of learning and teaching. There have been certain schools where learning Arabic has not been successful or efficient, particularly at the junior high school level. This is brought on by the wide range of educational backgrounds and limited Arabic proficiency of the students. Teachers and students therefore require educational tools that can enhance learning in order to address learning issues that may arise. The creation of instructional resources that are in line with student requirements and learning objectives is one of the learning innovations that may be used to address the aforementioned issues. In order to improve students' speaking abilities, this study intends to provide Arabic teaching materials.


The traditional detection methods of civil engineering are mainly on account of the census detection with typical characteristics of scope, efficiency and cost. These conventional detection methods are mainly on account of voice diagnosis and visual inspection. There is a high demand for the number of samples, otherwise it is difficult to meet the requirements of working accuracy. The iterative maturity of computer intelligent detection technology, its application in the field of civil engineering, greatly promote the improvement of civil engineering detection. On account of this, this paper first analyses the application status of computer intelligent tech in civil engineering, then studies the utilization advantages of computer intelligent detection in civil engineering, and finally gives its specific utilization process.


Previous work by McGrail et al. (2013, 2015) has evaluated the possibility of pairing compressed air energy storage with geothermal resources in lieu of a fossil-fired power generation component, and suggests that such applications may be cost competitive where geology is favorable to siting both the geothermal and CAES components of such a system. Those studies also note that the collocation of subsurface resources that meet both sets of requirements are difficult to find in areas that also offer infrastructure and near- to mid-term market demand for energy storage. This study examines a novel application for the compressed air storage portion of the project by evaluating the potential to store compressed air in disused wells by amending well casings to serve as subsurface pressure vessels. Because the wells themselves would function in lieu of a geologic storage reservoir for the CAES element of the project, siting could focus on locations with suitable geothermal resources, as long as there was also existing wellfield infrastructure that could be repurposed for air storage. Existing wellfields abound in the United States, and with current low energy prices, many recently productive fields are now shut in. Should energy prices remain stagnant, these idle fields willmore » be prime candidates for decommissioning unless they can be transitioned to other uses, such as redevelopment for energy storage. In addition to the nation's ubiquitous oil and gas fields, geothermal fields, because of their phased production lifetimes, also may offer many abandoned wellbores that could be used for other purposes, often near currently productive geothermal resources. These existing fields offer an opportunity to decrease exploration and development uncertainty by leveraging data developed during prior field characterization, drilling, and production. They may also offer lower-cost deployment options for hybrid geothermal systems via redevelopment of existing well-field infrastructure. This project assessed the technical and economic feasibility of implementing geothermally coupled well-based CAES for grid-scale energy storage. Based on an evaluation of design specifications for a range of casing grades common in U.S. oil and gas fields, a 5-MW CAES project could be supported by twenty to twenty-five 5,000-foot, 7-inch wells using lower-grade casing, and as few as eight such wells for higher-end casing grades. Using this information, along with data on geothermal resources, well density, and potential future markets for energy storage systems, The Geysers geothermal field was selected to parameterize a case study to evaluate the potential match between the proven geothermal resource present at The Geysers and the field's existing well infrastructure. Based on calculated wellbore compressed air mass, the study shows that a single average geothermal production well could provide enough geothermal energy to support a 15.4-MW (gross) power generation facility using 34 to 35 geothermal wells repurposed for compressed air storage, resulting in a simplified levelized cost of electricity (sLCOE) estimated at 11.2 ¢/kWh (Table S.1). Accounting for the power loss to the geothermal power project associated with diverting geothermal resources for air heating results in a net 2-MW decrease in generation capacity, increasing the CAES project's sLCOE by 1.8 ¢/kWh.« less


In the oil industry (and not only here), for old rigs, an important volume of classical loggings are still kept and used. This information can be digitized in order to be further processed. A number of software products deal with this digitization. One of the problems is the sometimes poor quality of the old loggings (some of them more than 50 years old). The paper presents some techniques used to improve the quality of the scanned loggings, as a prerequisite for a successful digitization. The main idea is to isolate the curves and the gridlines, process these images separately and then reunite them again, in an improved RGB image. The processing consists in a succession of morphological operations performed on the curves and gridlines images.


The problem of the "deferred" completion of the facade in the ancient architecture must be considered as a true reconstruction that establish a special relationship between pre-existence and the new addition. Several churches can be reinterpreted using some of the original drawings in order to evaluate language choices made by architects of the past. This is the case of the San Lorenzo church in Montedinove (Ascoli Piceno). The completion of its main front never started, so, through video-projection is possible realize a virtual fulfillment, in order to restore and amplify the cultural, historical and symbolic values of the ancient architecture. single paragraph of about 100 words to give a brief introduction to your work


Conserve Resources, Incorporated is currently developing an innovative, patented absorption heat pump. The heat pump uses rotation and thin film technology to enhance the absorption process and to provide a more efficient, compact system. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a sensitivity analysis of the rotary absorption heat pump (RAHP) performance conducted to further the development of a 1-ton RAHP. 5 refs.


The article deals with world-view, mental, ideological and political problems that arise when subjects devoted to the foundations of religious cultures are introduced in the curricula of modern secondary schools. Changes are examined that have taken place in the values of the majority of people who, after an era of monotheism, entered a new mental era of "scientific perception of the world", and the processes that lead to religious extremism and terrorism are revealed. The author explains why every mental civilization is marked by its own values, picture of the world, norms and rules of behavior both in communities and in people relations with the external world. Specific examples are used involving such concepts as "friend," "brother,", "neighbor," and "enemy" to reveal the fundamental differences between the values of monotheism and the modern scientific perception of the world. The author demonstrates that the texts of the Scriptures belong to a different mental epoch and can only be applied with serious reservations in present-day conditions when people live according to the norms and rules generated by their independent intellectual activities and enshrined in the constitutions of modern states. The subject studied in the country's secondary and higher education should be the Constitution. Let us not forget that it is not by chance that the Torah is also referred to as The Law (The Law of Moses), the Koran is unthinkable without the Sharia law and the New Testament in the minds of the vast majority of Christians is "the Law." © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


A novel medium for the determination of fluoride in some food samples by ion-selective electrode method has been explored.In the medium of 0.35 mol/L HClO_4,the linear response for fluoride was in the range of 1.0×10~(-2)~1.0×10~(-6) mol/L with regression coefficient of 0.999 7 and RSDs between 1.52%~2.30%,depending on samples.The method has been used to the determination of fluoride in milk and cabbage samples.The results obtained are as good as those obtained by some other existing literature methods,but with much simpler experimental procedures and shorter analysis time,proving HClO_4 can be used as an alternative medium to TISAB for the determination of fluoride in ion-selective electrode method.


This paper describes maturation changes in bandicoot spermatids after the latter have become embedded in Sertoli cells and are orientated within the seminiferous tubule. The changes are recorded as taking place in four stages, namely the stage of nuclear flattening and condensation, the stage of nuclear rotation, and the early and late post-rotational stages. The changes in shape and reduction in volume of the nucleus taking place during these stages are described, together with the division of the nuclear contents into condensed chromatin and the less electron-dense parachromatin. The disposition of nuclear pores in relation to the distribution of these two substances is discussed. A possible means of the disposal of redundant nuclear envelope substance is outlined. An account of the modifications taking place in the structures of the neck region is given and it is shown that both transverse and longitudinal centrioles persist until the terminal stages of spermiogenesis, when the latter centriole disappears. As a result of the migration of the annulus and the attached proximal extremity of the cytoplasmic canal, the axial filament complex of the future middle piece is left in contact with the general spermatid cytoplasm, and thus is created a pathway whereby spermatid mitochondria can migrate to this part of the complex to form the mitochondria1 sheath of the middle piece. Details are presented of the changes in form, throughout spermiogenesis, of spermatid mitochondria as well as of the acrosome, manchette, and nuclear ring. A description is given of specialized changes in that part of Sertoli cell cytoplasm immediately adjacent to the spermatid acrosome. It is thought that these changes are indicative, and mark out the extent, of a Sertoli cell-spermatid attachment. Cyclic changes in the overall form as well as in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of Sertoli cells are recorded. Pinocytotic activity in Sertoli cells and spermatids, as well as secretory activity in Sertoli cells, is examined.


The host status of 15 commonly occurring pasture species for Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus was tested in a greenhouse trial. Only tall fescue, with and without Neotyphodium endophyte infection, was a good host (Pf/Pi = final/initial population > 1). Inoculation survival was tested in a second trial, which showed that only 10% of the H. pseudorobustus nematodes survived the first 7 days after inoculation. When the Pf/Pi was adjusted to account for a 10% survival, all of the grass and clover hosts tested had a Pf/Pi > 1. Both trials showed a positive correlation between increased numbers of H. pseudorobustus and free-living nematodes.


As propagation terminals have evolved, their design has trended more toward a software-based approach that facilitates convenient adjustment and customization of the receiver algorithms. One potential improvement is the implementation of a frequency estimation algorithm, through which the primary frequency component of the received signal can be estimated with a much greater resolution than with a simple peak search of the FFT spectrum. To select an estimator for usage in a Q/V-band beacon receiver, analysis of six frequency estimators was conducted to characterize their effectiveness as they relate to beacon receiver design.


Aerial photogrammetry is related to state safety and benefit.The paper demonstrated that aerial photogrammetry is a kind of surveying-and-mapping activities.And according to the laws of our country,the paper listed the main content that the surveying-and-mapping departments have responsibility to administrate,and explored the way to improve the administration of aerial photogrammetry.


Criticism of the assumption that the S matrices are independent of total isotopic spin in the high-energy limit is offered by the process pi + N yields pi + pi + N in comparisons with results of peripheral interactions. Data are presented n graphical form. Similar arguments are offered for the reaction N + N yields pi + N + N. (L.N.N.)


110 l Journal of Hematology Oncology Pharmacy l www.JHOPonline.com December 2014 l Vol 4, No 4 Malignancy has long been recognized as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), dating back to the 19th century, when Armand Trousseau diagnosed the syndrome on himself.1 Although the risk for thromboembolism varies based on patients' cancer type overall, it has been estimated that patients with cancer have a 4to 7-fold higher risk for thromboembolism than the general population.1-3 Tumor production of hypercoagulable substances (eg, tissue factor and tumor compression of blood vessels) may explain part of the increased risk for VTE associated with malignancy.4 In addition, patients with cancer often have indwelling catheters and receive medications (eg, tamoxifen, bevacizumab, cisplatin, lenalidomide) that increase the risk for thrombosis.5,6 Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and sulfated non–anticoagulant LMWH have been shown to suppress tumor growth with and without traditional chemotherapeutic agents.7 In addition, intracellular processes Original research