Mapping provides a holistic multimodal means of sharing the relationship of concepts collaboratively on a single screen or page. This piece aims to provide an introduction for practitioners to the general approaches and techniques using mapping concepts in teaching and learning. Firstly the many definitions of 'concept' or 'mind' mapping are outlined in the context of teaching and learning. Multimodality refers to the fact that maps, unlike an essay, do not just use words to convey meaning. In this context, the characteristics of hand-drawn maps are contrasted and compared with the features of digital maps. Secondly the theoretical approaches behind mapping are presented from two informal perspectives: thinking and seeing. In the first section, Novak, Canas, Buzan and Ahlberg are identified as the main exponents of maps as a means of promoting richer and deeper abstract thinking about key concepts in education. However, although the maps as defined by these academics contain visual elements like nodes, links and arrows, the key mode of communication is still words. The pedagogical approach is basically a constructivist one because the learners are being asked to reproduce accurately concepts that they have been taught. The second section on mapping theorists concentrates on the work of semioticians such as Kress, Van Leeuwen and Mavers who do not privilege words as the key aspect of maps, and even encourage maps without words. Their approach to pedagogy is rooted within the social and cultural context of the student. The original ideas of the map-makers are valued because they represent the world as they see it, rather than replicating what they have been told. In this approach, where the teachers are also the learners, all the modes of communication take equal weight as signs invested with meaning. These modes might include colour, shape and position. Texture might also have meaning if the map is hand-drawn. In addition, Jewitt's work in multimodal literacy provides further framing in the analysis of dynamic digital maps where multilayering, hyperlinking and the addition of sound and animation files might be significant in the subtleties of meaning they convey. The third section of this paper focuses on the three common ways in which practitioners analyse the maps; meaning in numbers, meaning in labels, and meaning in signs. Finally, some suggestions are made about the opportunity for innovation in teaching and learning that maps represent in stimulating collaborative thought, identifying higher order concept and in a range of assessment contexts. All the referenced interviews and submissions from the experts were provided exclusively for this piece.


Objective To study and understand the resistance to common insecticides of blattella germanica in Lianyungang,and provide scientific basis for rational use of insecticides.Method Use the common drug contacting method of drug sensitive layers to determiner the resistance to cypermethrin,acephate and propoxur of blattella germanica.Results The resistance coefficients of blattella germanica to cypermethrin,acephate and propoxur were 38.2,6.0,1.8,and the resistance levels were high,moderate and low resistance,respectively.Conclusions Blattella germanica had different resistance to cypermethrin,acephate and propoxur.We should select appropriate insecticides to improve the control effect of cockroach according to their resistance to drugs.


Freezing and Parkinson disease: neuropsychological evaluation. Freezing of gait is a symptom of Parkinson disease (PD). One could distinguish between off freezing, which is a symptom tightly bound to I-DOPA dosage and titration, and is clinically bound to wearing off. On the contrary, on freezing does not respond to therapy modifications or to different drug'titration. On freezing seems to be related to prefrontal-frontal-basal ganglia-pontine neural pathway disruption. We demonstrate in a group of patients with on freezing evident defect of attention focus capability, of set-shifting properties, of limitation of abstraction and planning strategies, when compared to a group of patients suffering from PD, without freezing. We discuss on results with an overview on Literature.


Abstract Cabbage cultivars currently cultivated present high yield potential and may present differences regarding absorption and use of nutrients. Thus, studies quantifying plant growth and nutrient accumulation are the basis to improve fertilization efficiency and optimize yield. This study aimed to determine the dry matter and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) accumulation curve of cabbage cultivars during two growing seasons. Cultivars Astrus Plus and Green Valley were cultivated during summer-autumn crop season, while Astrus Plus and Fênix during the autumn-winter crop season. Plants were sampled after transplanting at 10-day intervals until harvest. Dry matter and nutrient accumulations are variable with growing season and cultivar. The highest dry matter and nutrient accumulation rates occur in the last ten days of the cycle. Fertilizations with N, P, K, Fe, and Zn should receive more attention due to higher harvest indices.


To enhance the corrosion resistance of a micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) coating and enable the alloy to maintain high mechanical properties in a corrosive medium, polylactic acid (PLA) was used to seal the porous MAO coating on the surface of extruded Mg–2.0Zn–0.5Zr–1.5Dy alloy by using a dipping coating method. Assessments were conducted by electrochemical experiments, immersion experiments, and tensile tests. The results showed that after the MAO coating was dipped in PLA solution four times, the pores of the MAO coating were largely sealed by PLA. Compared with the MAO coating, the MAO/PLA composite coating had a lower surface roughness, higher hydrophobicity, and better bonding strength with the matrix. In addition, the MAO/PLA composite coating mitigated the damage of the coating during the tensile and corrosion processes and provided a method to maintain higher corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys in a corrosive medium.


Among the variables 1 which determine the character and outcome of pneumonia, one of the most important is the presence of concomitant conditions. In this paper are published the results of a study of the records of 1,469 patients, in 742 of whom some associated or concomitant condition was recognized. MATERIAL AND METHODS A concomitant condition is considered as any condition, barring pneumonia and its sequelae, the presence of which was indicated by any part of the patient's record. (If the records had been ideally complete, there would have been few if any patients without such conditions.) The original clinical, laboratory and nursing records of all (1,469) patients with pneumococcic pneumonia from 1934 through 1938 were abstracted in their entirety by some of the group of workers. One of us checked the abstracts with the original records, prepared the data for tabulation and supervised the analysis. Further details are given


This paper is about two managers of Red Cross refugee camps in Tanzania who manage by exception in rather exceptional circumstances. Using a model of managerial work that delineates roles carried out at the information, people, and action levels, inside and outside the unit, these managers' activities concentrate especially on communicating and controlling a chaotic situation in a steady state, at least temporarily. While many other managers appear to be moving away from conventional forms of managing--to more linking instead of leading and convincing instead of controlling, etc.--here are two managers who seem to be going the other way, precisely because their situation is so unconventionally risky. Ned Bowman's great contribution has been not justabout risks and options per se, butin the risks that he himself took and the options that he himself exposed. In this spirit, the paper concludes with a plea for the opening up not simply of content, but of context.


T IS HIGHLY PROPITIOUS that an investigation of the relationship between racial conflict and juvenile delinquency begins with C. Wright Mills's indictment of a pervasive orientation within the social sciences, for perhaps in the field of race relations is the dominant motif of "inhibitions, obscurities, and trivialities" most fully realized. For participants in the "humanistic rebellion" in sociology, neo-Marxists, conflict theorists, and others, the behavioral sciences have missed the epistemological boat, according to Mills. Sociology, in particular, has failed to achieve "lucid summations of what is going on in the world."2 It has ignored publicly relevant issues, real problems, and has often served the function of handmaiden to the establishment. Gouldner has written about the "myth" of a value-free sociology3 and this myth has provided an added dimension to the problem of unraveling the Gordian knot of race relations. As shall be seen, the study of race relations (and particularly of racial conflict) has been anything but value-free. It is necessary to specify the nature of this problem before introducing the possible relationship between race and delinquency.


Introduction: This study was conducted to examine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of nursing students related to drug abuse.
Method: The sample of this study that is descriptive in nature formed by 238 students studying in the first class of Adnan Menderes University Health College Nursing Department. A questionnaire that questions the socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about drug abuse and that consists of a total of 42 questions was used.
Results: In the study, 41,6% of the students were aware of the effects of drugs and 78.6% of them thought that drug abuse could be controlled if desired. According to 42% of the students, drug abuse by the young resulted from bad communication between parents and children. It was detected that 16.4% of the students currently smoked, 11.3% of them currently used alcohol, 2.5% of them had tried drug before. In the study, a statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of smoking and drinking alcohol according to genders, smoking initiation age, family type and drug trial behaviors (p


Following S. Lie, it is proposed that moment maps be constructed for degenerate forms and the utility of such maps is illustrated by computing the moment maps for torus actions on Cn and U(n) actions on pn (C). The moment map is usually defined on manifolds with a given nondegenerate 2-form. However, it can also be defined for manifolds with an invariant 2-form, degenerate or not, and in some sense this useful generalization was already known to Lie. According to Weinstein [8, 2], Lie considered the following closely related situation. M is a manifold on which a Lie group G operates, and ?I is a G-invariant 1-form. For X in the Lie algebra ' of G let XM be the corresponding fundamental vector field, i.e., XM(x) = (d/dt)lt=oetx x (X E M) . Lie proves that the map Iu: M -* defined by Iu(x)(X) = Ux(XM(X)) (X E M) is G-equivariant, with G operating on 9* by the coadjoint representation. Consider the map A): ' -* C??(M) defined by A(X) = r/(XM). We have Yu(X)(X) = A(X)(X) (X E M, X E s). Now for Z = XM the Lie derivative Lz i of ?I along Z is zero, and therefore 0 = Lz(?I) = d(?I(Z)) + iz(dii) where iz is the interior product with Z [1]. Now co = drl is also G-invariant and iXM(w) = -d(A(X)). This leads to the following definition of the comoment map, which, according to' [4] was already known to Souriau [7]. Definition (Souriau). Let M be a manifold on which a Lie group G operates and co a G-invariant 2-form. Then a comoment for the action of G on M is a linear map A: ' -C??(M) such that d(A(X)) = -iXM(W) for all X E Ad. The corresponding moment map is the map Iu: M -* defined by Iu(x)(X) =i(X)(x), where x E M, X E S. Now our remark is the following proposition which simplifies many of the computations in the literature relating to the moment map. Proposition. Let G be a Lie group which operates on manifolds M and M, and let 7r M M be a G-equivariant map. Assume that G preserves a 2-form w on M and that there is a comoment for the action of G on M with Iu the Received by the editors November 13, 1992. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 22E70. ? 1994 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/94 $1.00 + $.25 per page


The balance of risks and benefits may be changed when the technical aspects of a form of health screening are changed. The introduction of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to the process of mammographic screening is discussed, with comments on the limitations of studies to date and the characteristics of future studies that could provide the information needed to properly assess the impact of the introduction of AI into screening mammography. There are well-established criteria for the introduction of a new health screening program, described more than 50 years ago, and these criteria are still appropriate [1]. However, there are no such criteria for the review of existing screening practices. We should not assume that once a form of health screening is in place, it should be continued forever, and there is a strong argument for review [2] as the balance of the benefits and harms of screening can change over time. If a screening program was reviewed, this does not mean it would cease – it could be stopped, continue unchanged or be modified in some way, such as a reduced frequency of screening or screening being limited to individuals at higher than average risk. Ropers et al. have argued that the need for review of an existing program would be justified for a range of reasons [2] including the following:


Solution-focused theory has been accepted as a useful treatment modality in schools with little empirical evidence regarding its efficacy. This article describes the historical underpinnings and assumptions of solution-focused theory, three studies that examine the effectiveness of solution-focused theory with children in school settings, as well as how solution-focused theory has been integrated into school counseling programs.


Abstract Gournot Model is a classical economic game model,which can be used to guide the important decision-making in economic activities.Repeated games are important in improving economic efficiency.This paper combines Gournot model and the theory of repeated games,taking the Gournot game between two manufacturers whose production are continuous for example,discusses the equilibrium analysis of Cournot Model,including the equilibrium analysis of general Gournot Model and the equilibrium analysis of Gournot Model with constraints.On the basis,it analyzes the equilibrium solution of infinitely repeated Gournot model,to search the ways of increasing the level of manufacturers cooperate and achieving equilibrium with high efficiency.


Purpose – This article aims to describe how a Friends of the Library group was formed to support the collections and services of a small academic university library.Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach is used to articulate how a friends group can be established to generate revenue for library collections and services.Findings – A discussion is used to review concepts supporting how a friends group may be created to provide financial support as well as community outreach and influence.Practical implications – A friends group can not only add financial stability but also bring much needed positive attention toward various elements of the library enterprise. Friends can help manage special projects or exhibits, allowing library staff to focus on other duties.Social implications – By reaching out to constituents as ambassadors for the library, a friends group can help to promote and add value to the library's role and impact in the community.Originality/value – This article provides a unique e...


The study about the isolation and purification of IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅱand TGF-β from bovine colostrums were carried out by poly glucose gel chromatography,DEAE Sepharose F F Ion exchange chromatography,Octyl Sepharose F F and.Sephacryl S-100HR Gel filtration chromatography.The content of IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅱ and TGF-β were determinated by affinity chromatography and HPLC.


ABSTRACT Background: Repetitive finger movement significantly impacts daily living activities, but there have been limited studies determining how repetitive finger movement impacts quality of life (QOL) in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between impairment in repetitive finger movement and QOL in persons with PD. Methods: Eighty-four participants with PD completed a repetitive movement task and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ). Structural equation modeling was used to determine the relationship between repetitive finger movement outcome measures of amplitude and movement rate difference and the domains of the PDQ. Results: Including all repetitive finger outcome measures with demographic variables produced the strongest model for predicting QOL. Discussion: Repetitive finger movement is associated with QOL, but more research is needed to better understand the relationship between repetitive finger movement variables and each specific QOL domain.


Abstract. Coating techniques are investigated for accurate shape correction of Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirrors. Au and Pt have been used as coating materials to obtain elliptical KB mirrors from flat or cylindrical Si substrates. However, due to large differences in the thermal expansion coefficients between Au (or Pt) and Si, thermal stress can be induced not only when coating the substrate, but also during use when focusing synchrotron beams. Si is a promising alternative for profile coating because not only the same material as substrate can induce much smaller thermal stress, but also Si is generally smooth. The microstructure and roughness of 1000- and 2000-nm-thick Si coatings deposited at two different pressures (0.133 and 0.266 Pa) are explored. When the thickness increases from 50 to 2000 nm, the film microstructure and surface morphology change and root mean square roughness increases from 0.164 to 0.232 nm. The increase in Si coating thickness contributes the most to power spectral density curves when the frequency is between 1 and 20  μm  −  1. No obvious changes resulting from intrinsic stress are observed among the samples when the Si coating thickness is increased from 50 to 2000 nm.


FTER the fall of Granada, in 1492, the Moriscos in Spain were A a source of considerable anxiety to the Christian church and state. Efforts were made, especially by Fray Hernando de Talavera, Cisneros, and Juan de Ribera, to convert them to Christianity and absorb them into the Spanish people; but they were both too numerous and too firmly rooted in their own religion to be amenable to any such conversion. As it became ever more apparent during the sixteenth century that they would continue to be an alien people and a menace to Christianity, more and more extreme measures were adopted against them. Thousands were deported; and of those remaining, many who claimed to be converts were still secretly loyal to their own religion. The unfortunate converts, sincere or otherwise, were in constant danger of denunciation as renegades by personal enemies, by zealous Christians, or by individuals who coveted their possessions. As a consequence of the continued uncertainty, many of them fled across the boundary; but even then they were not safe, since they might be sent back to Spain as renegades by the long arm of the church. The text under discussion was written for these converts as a recommended itinerary for their journeys toward the east, with helpful advice along the route. The original of this itinerary is in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris, consisting of folios 37v-39 of MS 774 fonds arabe, formerly known as number 290, St. Germain des Pres. It is bound with Mohammedan legends, prayers, prophecies, and other religious writings. The language is Spanish, but the characters are western Arabic, a combination that is called aljamia. Certain students of aljamiaPascual de Gayangos, Eugenio de Ochoa, F. Guillen Robles,' Eduardo Saavedra,2 and Sylvestre de Sacy3 have mentioned such an itinerary, but the only one to publish it, together with a French translation, was De Sacy. Because it is possible to correct some of his readings and to supply further light on some of his identifications, it seems worth while to study this text again. The following texts are a transcription and translation of the original.


I HAVE WORKED in an intensive care unit as D grade staff nurse for seven months. When I first started working on the unit I was overwhelmed by the machinery - it was very easy to lose the patient among all the technology. This article made me reflect on how I first felt when becoming an ITU nurse, and it has prompted me into developing an 'easy guide to ventilators' for new team members and students to read. By doing this, I not only hope to diminish some of their fears and answer some of their questions, but to gain a greater understanding for myself.


While mechanisms underlying biological diversities at different scales received huge attention over the last decades, whether local abiotic factors driving functional and phylogenetic diversities can differ among ecologically and phylogenetically closely related taxa remains under-investigated. In this study, we compared correlations and drivers of functional (FD) and phylogenetic (PD) diversities between two dominant taxa of ground-dwelling arthropods in salt marshes, spiders and carabids. Pitfall trapping in two sampling sites of N-W France resulted in the collection and identification of more than 7000 individuals belonging to 67 species. Morphological and behavioral traits, as well as molecular sequences of COI gene, were attributed to all species for calculating functional and phylogenetic diversities respectively. Both taxa exhibited high correlation between FD and PD, which was even higher in carabids probably due to their lower species richness. Analyses using Bayesian framework and structural equation modeling revealed that FD and PD were positively influenced by taxonomic diversity in spiders and carabids, but abiotic factors driving FD and PD differed between taxa. Salinity especially drove the taxonomic diversity of carabids, but not that of spiders, suggesting that spiders are more plastic and less selected by this factor. Phylogenetic diversity was conversely influenced by salinity in spiders but not in carabids. This interesting result can be interpreted by different evolutionary history and colonization process of salt marshes between the two model taxa. Our study finally highlights that, even in taxa of the same phylum and occupying the same niche in a highly constrained habitat, functional and phylogenetic diversities can have different drivers, showing different filtering mechanisms and evolutionary history at small spatial and temporal scales.


Abstract Genetic evaluations of Holstein bulls for mean somatic cell score were compared with their standardized transmitting abilities for linear type traits. Based on first lactation daughter information from five dairy records processing centers, PTA for somatic cell scores for 712 sires ranged from –.50 to .56. Standardized transmitting abilities for 14 type traits were provided for these bulls by the Holstein Association. Mean transmitting abilities for udder traits were negative for the 100 bulls with highest PTA and positive for the 100 bulls with lowest PTA for somatic cell score. For all bulls, correlations of PTA for somatic cell score with udder trait evaluations were negative (–.31 for fore udder attachment, –.28 for udder depth, –.21 for front teat placement, –.17 for rear udder width, –.16 for udder cleft, and –.13 for rear udder height). The best five-trait model to predict PTA for somatic cell score consisted of transmitting abilities for fore udder attachment, thurl width, strength, dairy form, and body depth (R 2 = .142). If PTA for milk yield was included with evaluations for type traits, it replaced dairy form in the model. Inclusion of quadratic terms did not contribute greatly to prediction of PTA for somatic cell score. Selection for higher, more firmly attached udders should contribute to reducing somatic cell scores.


It is important to determine when helpful behavior is likely to occur. The present experiment studied the effects of gender, urgency, and location on altruistic behavior. 64 phone calls were made by a woman who said her car had broken down and asked the person reached to call a number located either within or outside the person's calling district. Half of the callers said that this was her last dime (high urgency) and half that she had no more change (low urgency). 64 phone calls were made in a similar manner by male experimenters. The design of the experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial. All three main effects were significant. Women received assistance more rapidly than men; those with no money were helped more rapidly; and those asking for calls within the district were helped more quickly. Factors which facilitated altruism include amount of need, similarity to the person in need, and cost to the helper.


The purpose of the article is develop a wireless local area network for residential use. The article contains a description of the created channel splitter modules. The module also acts as a repeater. On the basis of repeater splitter module designed network modules hubs and switches. The hub and switch has two versions: wired and wireless. The wired version is used in conditions of a large amount of interference and a large signal attenuation. Smart Home wireless LAN is built on the splitters-repeaters modules basis, hubs and switches. The network does not support the MQTT protocol. The network is divided into clusters and segments and supports packet routing. The protocol stack is minimized. The functionality of the host and the network object is completely separated. The topology of the mobile network is not deterministic, amorphous and changes when the network objects move in space. In this case, some connections are lost and others arise. The routing tables are constantly updated. The network in accordance with the laid down algorithm, is able to build the necessary topology and organize the necessary connections in order to complete the task with a many objects. The network is capable of building packet retransmission chains for remote network objects. Thus, the wireless network implementation at its low cost allows solving a certain range of tasks. The performer can be either a separate object associated with the operator through a many repeaters. In order to increase the efficiency of the formation of routing tables and minimize the cluster structures in a wireless network. The local wireless network is designed to control an Internet of Things objects.


Benzo[1,2:4,5]bis(1,1,2,2-tetraethyl-1,2-disilacyclobut-3-ene) (1) was synthesized in situ by the reaction of 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene with magnesium in the presence of diethylfluorosilane in THF. The reaction of 1 with diphenylacetylene in the presence of a catalytic amount of (η2-ethylene)bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) in refluxing benzene gave a 1:2 adduct, benzo[1,2:4,5]bis(1,1,4,4-tetraethyl-2,3-diphenyl-1,4-disilacyclohexa-2,5-diene) in 91% yield. Similar platinum(0)-catalyzed reaction of 1 with 3-hexyne and acetylene in refluxing benzene afforded the respective 1:2 adducts benzo[1,2:4,5]bis(disilacyclohexadiene) derivatives in excellent yields. Benzobis(disilacyclobutene) 1 also reacted with diphenylacetylene, 3-hexyne, and acetylene in the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) to give the corresponding 1:2 adducts in excellent yields. Computational analyses of benzo[1,2:4,5]bis(disilacyclobutene) and its 1:1 and 1:2 adducts with acetylene were carried out ...


The simulation and experimental studies of an aperture‐coupled wideband dual segment rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with metamaterial for C‐band applications are presented in this paper. The antenna consists of Alumina (Al2O3) ceramic as upper segment and Teflon as lower segment. The combination of circular‐shaped coplanar split‐ring resonator and conducting strip has been used as metamaterial superstrate. With the use of metamaterial superstrate, the bandwidth of the antenna is increased by 48% through simulation and 22% experimentally. The broadside radiation pattern of the antenna is converted into directive radiation pattern with reduced beamwidth when metamaterial superstrate is used. The peak gain of the antenna is also enhanced by 33% through simulation and 31% experimentally with the use of metamaterial superstrate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:646–655, 2014.


A series of model tests were carried out to investigate the soil resistance when the buried pipe segment moved in the sand. In the tests, the pipe segments were pulled out in vertical, lateral and axial directions and the pipe segments movement and soil resistance were recorded. Observed data show that the soil resistance depends on the pipe diameters and the depth of cover. According to the uplift test results, the force-displacement relationships with smaller depth of cover are greatly different from those with larger depth of cover. The results of the lateral sliding and axial pull out tests show that the soil resistance initially increases before a peak value is reached and then keeps the same level. For the same covered depth, the lateral soil resistance is more than twice that for uplift. According to the uplift test results, the soil failure modes with smaller depth of cover are greatly different from those with larger covered depth.


The author reviews various techniques for measuring the complex permittivity of materials at microwave frequencies. A simple and reliable method for calculating the complex permittivity of thin films is presented. The technique can be extended to measure the complex permittivity of fluids, the complex permeability of ferromagnetic materials, and the moisture content in fluids and solids.<<ETX>>


In this note we use different representations of a Casimir element of a finite group to give simple proofs for some new and old facts about commutators and character degrees.


Despite the risks associated with pregnancy, available data suggest that HIV-infected women are no less likely to become pregnant than uninfected women. To understand HIV-infected women's reasons for wanting to have a child, focused interviews were conducted with a predominantly minority sample of 51 HIV-infected women in New York City. They were noted to actively weigh both the potential risks and benefits of their pregnancy decisions. Women reported three major reasons for wanting a child: (1) her husband/boyfriend really wants children, (2) having missed out on raising her other children, and (3) believing that a child would make her feel complete, fulfilled, and happy. Women also reported several justifications that they believed offset the risks of pregnancy, including: (1) other HIV-infected women were having healthy babies, (2) feeling optimistic about having a healthy baby due to the prophylactic effects of AZT (zidovudine), (3) having faith that God will protect the child, (4) being young and "healthy" will prevent transmission, and (5) feeling that she is better able to raise a child now. These findings suggest that to make fully informed pregnancy decisions, women should be encouraged to explore their reasons for wanting pregnancy, as well as discuss the potential risks.


Pyridine/water extracts of selected crude petroleums were separated by polarity on a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) octadecylsilane column (ODS) into three fractions; low, moderate, and high polar. The moderate and low polar fractions were examined by electron impact mass spectroscopy (EIMS) to elucidate structural and behavioral characteristics of vanadyl petroporphyrin and metallo-nonporphyrin compounds. The EIMS results indicated vanadyl petroporphyrins in Cerro Negro and Wilmington moderate polar fractions and possibly in the Wilmington low polar fraction. These EIMS results showed the presence of petroporphyrins in the above-mentioned fractions, but no discrete information about the metallo-nonporphyrins. A highly polar nickel fraction from a Wilmington crude petroleum pyridine/water extract, separated on the ODS column, was further purified on a cyano normal phase column. This fraction had a nickel concentration of approximately 15,000 wppM, and was examined by EIMS mass spectroscopy. The spectral results indicated several homologous series structures possible for the binding sites of nickel. Further examination of the same fraction by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy, using a metal ion exchange technique, showed a substantially simplified spectrum and indicated the possibility of the nickel binding sites being small molecular weight naphthenic (carboxylic) acid salts. Gilsonite, a bitumen, was analyzedmore » by reversed-phase HPLC with graphite furnace atomic absorption element specific detection, which indicated that the nickel is predominantly bound as metallopetroporphyrin, while a small portion eluted as a highly polar metallo-nonporphyrin fraction. These results are important in the identification of nonporphyrin metal-containing compounds in heavy crude petroleums and residua and could be beneficial for future petroleum exploration as metallobiomarkers. 21 refs., 11 figs.« less


Objective: To explore effective hemostasis in prostatectomy.Methods: Self-made ballon urethral catheter plus traction were used to stop bleeding.Results: Of 23 cases, 24-hour urine examination showed that urine turned normal in 3,48-hour urine examination in 15,72-hour urine examination in 72.Catheter was removed in 7 to 10 days,and no acute bleeding or urethrostenosis was found.Conclusion: The hemostasis is simple and effective with few complications.


AbstractThis is a new geometric study in the theory of partial di erential equations:an application of Fourier integral operators to equations with distributionalcoecients. As an example, a derivation of the existence and spectrum ofHawking's radiation from a collapsing star is given. 1 IntroductionUsing techniques of Fourier integral operator theory, one may derive the existenceand spectrum of a generalized Hawking's radiation for any pseudoriemannian spacein which the metric tensor has distributional coecients. By regarding the metric ten-sor as a distributional tensor rather than a smooth tensor, spacetime singularities areincluded in the smooth manifold, the metric tensor, the curvatures, the d'Alembertianoperator for the wave equation, etc. 1 Note that this approach will not require the con-sideration of any topological spaces more general than smooth manifolds. As it turnsout, the properties of this generalized Hawking's radiation are intimately connectedwith certain properties of the solutions of a wave equation having distributional coef- cients in its d'Alembertian operator. When applied to the particular example of thespacetime of a collapsing star, the general procedure specializes to yield the originalformulas of Hawking.


Much of what is today thought of as economic globalization, from complex multisite supply chains in manufacturing to the opening of industrial world markets to products from erstwhile underdevelope...


: In the era of intelligent media, where artificial intelligence technology is continuously advancing and breaking through, traditional human hosts face the crisis of their hosting and communication work being challenged and their job positions being replaced. This research aims to explore the path for human hosts in the era of intelligent media, by examining the diversity of contemporary hosting and communication development, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of digital anchors, and addressing the challenges faced by the traditional hosting industry. The study further investigates how human hosts can break through and utilize technology to achieve human-machine integration, thereby promoting the continuous development of the hosting and communication industry


By the methods of literature summary and logical analysis,based on the contents of the new basic education curriculum reform and the new idea of Course Standard of Physical Education and Health,this article elaborates the concept of rural physical education resources under the new socialist construction in rural areas,discusses the necessity of developing physical education curriculum resources in rural schools in the new period and the strategies of the development and utilization,and make recommendations.


This paper deals with a control strategy for marine current energy conversion systems based on 5-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) in both normal and faulty operation modes. The PMSG currents are controlled by the finite control set model predictive control method. Based on future behaviors of the system, which are predicted from a finite set of possible switching states of a 3-level 5-phase inverter, the optimal voltage vector, which minimizes the cost-function, is selected. When an open-circuit fault occurs, the reference currents are reconfigured to ensure continuous and safe operation of the system and to avoid high torque ripple. Several simulations are carried-out for validation purposes of the proposed fault-tolerant control strategy.


[This abstract is based on the author's abstract.] "Low-cost response surface" methods were applied to derive the optimal engineering design of a plastic fastener with restricted experimental budget and timing requirements. These methods were..


Achieving curved crease surfaces is a current challenge for designers, the field still underexplored. The curve on which the bending is performed can present extremely complicated shapes that must be accurately generated through various technological processes. For this aim, a planar mechanism consisting of an ellipsograph, a conchoidograph and an RRR dyad—whose inner joint generates the targeted connecting rod curve—was proposed in this paper. Parametrizing the lengths of the elements of the RRR dyad, the correlation coefficient of the rotations of the leading elements and the directions of these movements result in different connecting rod curves, which can be used to obtain the folded surfaces; the optimization, according to various criteria, will be explored for the automatic generation of some design solutions. With the help of the Altair program, for some given geometrical data of the mechanism, both the drawing of the curve on plates of different initial shapes and the simulation of their folding by applying compression forces on the bounding surfaces were carried out. By cutting the deformed shape, folded surface units used in tessellations are obtained.


Daily variability in eating occasion frequency (EO), time intervals (TI) between EOs, and energy intakes (EI) contributes to the concept of irregular individual eating patterns. The idea of "chrononutrition" has emerged through recognition of human biological clocks that respond to changes in nutrient timing. Inconsistent eating patterns may disrupt synchronization of cellular rhythms and interfere with energy metabolism. The objective is to develop valid methodology for classifying regularity of individual eating patterns from dietary recall data.


Abstract:  Food spoilage and biofilm formation by food-related bacteria are significant problems in the food industry. Even with the application of modern-day food preservative techniques, excessive amounts of food are lost due to microbial spoilage. A number of studies have indicated that quorum sensing plays a major role in food spoilage, biofilm formation, and food-related pathogenesis. Understanding bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems can help in controlling the growth of undesirable food-related bacteria. This review focusses on the various signaling molecules produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and the mechanism of their quorum-sensing systems, types of signaling molecules that have been detected in different food systems using biosensors, the role of signaling molecules in biofilm formation, and significance of biofilms in the food industry. As quorum-sensing signaling molecules are implicated in food spoilage, based on these molecules potential, quorum-sensing inhibitors/antagonists can be developed to be used as novel food preservatives for maintaining food integrity and enhancing food safety.

Practical Application:  Bacteria use signaling molecules for inter- and intracellular communication. This phenomenon of bacterial cell-to-cell communication is known as quorum sensing. Quorum-sensing signals are implicated in bacterial pathogenicity and food spoilage. Therefore, blocking the quorum-sensing signaling molecules in food-related bacteria may possibly prevent quorum-sensing-regulated phenotypes responsible for food spoilage. Quorum-sensing inhibitors/antagonists could be used as food preservatives to enhance the shelf life and also increase food safety.


In the aftermath of any disaster situation, achieving an accurate and timely needs assessment is the key to the efficiency and effectiveness of the subsequent logistic response. However, in the light of the inevitable disruption to both the physical and information infrastructure of the affected area, this paper presents the results of an initial theoretical investigation into the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle system (UAVS) as a means of complementing existing satellite, manned aircraft and pedestrian data-gathering techniques. Using a case study based on the 2005 Pakistan earthquake, the paper investigates how a UAVS might be employed, the information that could be obtained, and the consequential benefits. It concludes that a UAVS does, indeed, have potential to support the overall needs assessment process, and a first estimate of the required conditions for success is offered, together with recommendations for the further practical research that it is considered necessary in order to operationalise the concept.


An iterative procedure is developed for synthesizing mixed H/sub 2//H/sub infinity / robust controllers that satisfy output variance constraints. In this synthesis problem, the authors seek control laws for linear systems that minimize an upper bound on a quadratic performance subject to both H/sub infinity /-norm and output variance constraints in the presence of structured uncertainties. The approach taken is to convert the problem into an equivalent nonlinear programming problem with both equality and inequality constraints. The Kuhn-Tucker optimality condition is used to obtain a first-order necessary condition for a regular point that minimizes an upper bound on quadratic performance for the given H/sub infinity /-norm and variance constraints. Based on this condition, an iterative algorithm for synthesizing the controllers is developed. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, an illustrative example is presented. A dual problem that imposes constraints on input variance is also discussed.<<ETX>>


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Operational risk is increasingly coming under the spotlight, and software risk is an important part of it. In this paper I discuss issues relating to user-developed software, which is increasingly prevalent in a number of important organisational areas. The advantages of user- developed software are clear to see, and are primarily based on the use that is made of the expertise of the users who do the developing, while the disadvantages and risks are likewise based on gaps in that expertise. Software risks arise from the way that software is used as well as possible bugs in the software itself, and often merge into issues of competitiveness. Risk identification is a vital component of risk management, and a technique based on one used in chemical process plants for many years is applicable to software processes too. The development and maintenance of user- developed software is one of the important aspects of its use, and is as subject to risk as any other. Many of the risks can best be addressed at the development stage through the application of well thought out processes and standards. Finally, the main significance of bugs is probably not their presence, but the effort that goes into ensuring their absence. Software engineering techniques can assist with this effort, giving the same level of comfort for less work


Inthispaperproblems thatappearwhile aggregation ofclients using different wireless communication technologies, namelyDECT,802.11b andg,Bluetooth intoa single local areanetwork aredescribed. Italsogives some suggestions andproposals oftheir avoidance. Keywords - Wireless, DECT,Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Networking. I.INTRODUCTION Inorder toallow interacting between different kinds of wireless communication equipment that becomes moreand morepopular atpresent day, itwasdecided todeploy an integrated wireless network which isschematically shown in Fig. 1.


A case report of a 51‐year‐old woman who developed trigeminal trophic syndrome Following craniectomy is presented. This syndrome represents trophic ulceration by self‐induced trauma to skin in the trigeminal area. Treatment of the present case was complicated by the patient's underlying psychological problems.


1. Introduction. Creative sets were introduced by Post [7] in the course of his investigation of the degrees of unsolvability of the decision problems of recursively enumerable (r.e.) sets of positive integers. This investigation was largely motivated by the correspondence, under a Godel numbering, between r.e. sets and the sets of provable statements of recursively axiomatizable formal systems. Under this interpretation, creativity of a set corresponds to effective undecidability of the system under consideration, a viewpoint further developed in the work of Myhill [5] and others. In [10], Smullyan generalized these notions by introducing double creativity of pairs of r.e. sets, which corresponds to effective inseparability of the sets of provable and refutable statements (Tand R respectively) of recursively axiomatizable theories. In this paper, we relate these notions to sets of indices of partial recursive functions (i.e., sets 9f= {n\ q " —/}) • Our main result is that double creativity of a pair (a, ß) of disjoint r.e. sets is equivalent to separation by a and ß of a pair of sets isomorphic to some pair iOfi 9g) under a recursive permutation. "Relativization" of this result to formal theories yields the existence of effectively inseparable sets of statements other than Smullyan's "nuclei" Tand R.


ABSTRACT: Registration is the basis of geoinformatics. For th e purpose of city modeling, registration is an important pre-processing for geo m tric correction, change detection, texture mapping, etc. There are several literatures working o this topic to build the relation between models and images. They projected models to the ima ge space and compared them with extracted features in local areas. Some thresholds were considered to fine-tune results, e.g. angle, distance, and so on. However, some ambiguities, err ors, occlusions of extracted features may lead the process to deliver wrong results. To overc ome the problem, this study proposes a structural concept to analyze whole features to reg ist r data and remove noises in the parametric domain. This process uses weighted least squares ad ju tment to register candidate features and projected lines for handling ambiguities. This stud y tests the sensitivity of registration process using different initial conditions, i.e. orientatio n, projected position, model height, etc. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme is workable and reliable.


Objective To understand the situation of hepatitis B antibodies in healthy population and the immune-effects of infants inoculated with eligible full-course hepatitis B vaccines in Hunan Province,and to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the immunization strategy of hepatitis B vaccine.Methods With a cluster sampling,68 infants and 455 healthy individuals were selected in Changsha and Hengyang.The radioimmunoassay was used to detect the anti-HBs.Results The positive rate of anti-HBs reached 85.29% in 68 infants and 72.06% in 455 healthy individuals.There were statistically significant differences in the anti-HBs rates of different age groups among the healthy population.Among these people who inoculated hepatitis B vaccines,there were statistically significant differences in the mean values of anti-HBs in different age groups.Conclusions The anti-HBs positive rate of the children under 15 years old declined with the increasing age.The immune successful rate of hepatitis B vaccine among infants should be improved.


WHEN the Faculty Board of Divinity kindly asked me to deliver a public lecture during my stay in Cambridge, I thought at once that my audience might be interested in hearing of current theological movements in the United States and Canada, since the lines of communication in Theology between you in Britain and us in North America are not always as open as they might be. And I was sufficiently immodest to think that the particular movement in which I myself am most involved might be of special interest to you, since very little is heard of it, so far as I can gather, on this side of the Atlantic. I refer to the group of theologians, of several denominational allegiances, who are concerned with what we in North America


Latvia's industrial energy efficiency policy imposes the implementation of mandatory energy audits and energy management systems in large industrial enterprises and large industrial electricity consumers to improve industrial competitiveness, to move towards a carbon-neutral economy and to increase the security of supply. Companies affected by this energy efficiency policy are obliged to report to the national energy efficiency monitoring system on energy efficiency measures indicated in energy audits or energy management systems with the highest savings or economical potential. The purpose of this study was to assess the initial outcomes of the first industrial energy efficiency program in Latvia, using data from the national energy efficiency monitoring system, including an analysis of individual energy audit reports, and benchmarking it with findings from a similar program, thereby revealing untapped energy efficiency and CO2 emission reduction potential. Although the national monitoring system made it possible to ascertain results of the energy efficiency program, the statistical analysis of the data did not allow for a robust conclusion on the technical or economic industrial energy efficiency potential. This study suggests that Latvia's energy efficient policy should continue its course in implementation and provides recommendations for improvements on the national energy efficiency monitoring system.


A hybrid-loop servo control system based on sliding-mode control and neural network control is proposed in this article to realize flexible forming process on a double toggle mechanical press. First, kinematics and dynamic analysis of the drive system are conducted to derive the control objective behavior. Then, the structure of the hybrid-loop system is introduced; sliding-mode control is applied to compensate the punch position errors. In the inner loop of the servo motor, complementary sliding-mode control is used to track the motor rotation angle, and a radial basis function neural network estimator is applied to eliminate the considerable load disturbances in the stamping stage. Finally, experimental hardware is constructed and a compound blanking and drawing process is carried out to validate the proposed servo control system in practice. With different materials and drawing depth, high tracking accuracy and robustness are exhibited to realize favorable forming performance.


Abstract : This monograph discusses an often overlooked and much maligned source of information and potential force multiplier--Public Affairs. While reporting activities on the battlefield is not a recent development, technological advances in the past decade have moved war correspondents from the realm of recent historians to current events reporters. Although the origins of war reporting date back to ancient times, this paper focuses on American experiences. Journalists reported widely our revolution. During the Civil War, the U. S. press and military made their first attempts to cooperate. By World War II, motion picture films replayed scenes of great devastation in theaters throughout America. Vietnam is considered by many a watershed for military media relations. Now, nearly instantaneous satellite communications links have all but removed the military's ability to conduct security reviews on media products, other than at the source. The INTERNET and other worldwide communications systems have opened new channels of horizontal information distribution that only herald things to come in the next quarter century. Today's Army Public Affairs structure in our divisions and corps falls markedly short of meeting the challenges of dealing effectively with the news media and completing its other missions (command information and community relations, for example). Significant personnel plus-ups are not likely, but state of the art technology, readily available, can lessen the burdens on the public affairs professionals in tactical units.


Classification of targets by radar has proved to be notoriously difficult with the best systems still yet to attain sufficiently high levels of performance and reliability. In the current contribution we explore a new design of radar based target recognition, where angular diversity is used in a cognitive manner to attain better performance. Performance is bench- marked against conventional classification schemes. The proposed scheme can easily be extended to cognitive target recognition based on multiple diversity strategies.


Platinum‐based adjuvant chemotherapy in randomized trials has failed to provide a survival benefit in patients with resected stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using data from the California Cancer Registry (CCR), we explored factors that had detrimental effects on survival in patients with stage I NSCLC to identify a subset of patients at high risk for disease recurrence and subsequent mortality.


SEO100c, an EO-polymer, has been reported of having an r33 in excess of 100 pm/V. Experimental poling research was performed on rib waveguide modulator for device design and development. Reported is the determination of the impact that temperature and voltage have on the poling of a SEO100c waveguide device in order to maximize the r33 while avoiding damage to the device structure ensuring high yield in manufacture. The poling process is shown to have a nonlinear relationship between r33 and poling field aiding in the selection of achievable poling voltages for required r33 values. Device thermal stability is quantified and reported for the complete poling process and the impacts upon r33. Investigation into the possible relaxation of device r33 is measured over an extended period demonstrating desirable use within deployable devices.


This historical novel treats the development of both atomic physics and quantum theory and of psychoanalysis from their early days at the start of the 20th century to the outbreak of the Second World War. It is difficult to review because the action moves about, both in terms of subject and location. Much of the story takes place in Budapest, but we are also taken to Manchester, Vienna, Berlin, Copenhagen, Princeton and elsewhere, before ending up in London. The novel is written in the form of an autobiography of Sandor Ferenczi, a Hungarian psychoanalyst who was an admirer and pupil of Sigmund Freud. He was also personally acquainted with many of the famous people mentioned in the book.


ed from J. of Indust. Hygiene and Toxicology 19: 126-137, March 1937. PROFESSOR DR. MED. KAJROHOLM This article by Roholm appeared 6 years after the Meuse Valley disaster. The time lapse made it impossible for him to report his own personal observations. He was obliged to depend upon examination of the data made available to him. However, during the 6 year interval, he had made an intensive study and had acquired greater knowledge concerning fluoride's effect than any living person. He was able to pull together many loose ends. He presented conclusive evidence that the victims of the Meuse Valley disaster had suffered from acute intoxication by gaseous fluoride compounds which emanated from certain factories in that area. This explanation had previously been advanced by Holland's leading lung specialist Storm van Leeuwen and by two other investigators, H. C. Gramm and G. Fenner. To their record, Roholm added new and, hitherto, neglected facts.


Facing the present curriculum reform of China's basic education,it is becoming a pursuit for the teachers of the countryside primary and middle schools to engage in educational research.How does it get on with? An investigation shows that teachers have a stronger research willing and motives than before,and schools' leaders are paying much more attentions to it,which has been pushing to develop an environment of research finally.However,there still exist the shortcomings of teachers' weak research abilities,less research achievement.So it is the key point to strengthen teachers' research sense,improve research guide and ability,manage well the relationship between teaching and research,settle some difficulties down for safeguarding teachers' educational research of the countryside primary and middle schools to keep a sustainable and healthy development.


In order to explore the effects of temperature on the population growth of Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki, the life table of the experimental population of P. comstocki at six different temperatures (17℃, 20℃, 23℃, 26℃, 29℃ and 32℃) was constructed. The results showed that the generation duration decreased with the temperature increasing from 17℃ to 29℃. The longest generation durations of females and males were 121.27 d and 89.64 d at 17℃, respectively, while the shortest were 52.10 d and 36.01 d at 29℃, respectively, and the relationship between the development and temperature could be simulated by the Logistic model. The developmental threshold temperature and the effective accumulated temperature of females were 8.69℃, and 1 020.90 day-degrees, and those of males were 10.27℃ and 659.04 day-degrees, respectively. At 26℃, the survival rate and population trend index were the highest, being 81.94% and 322.27, respectively. The temperature of 26℃ was the most suitable for the population growth. While at 17℃and 29℃, the survival rates were 64.85% and 67.23%, and the population trend indexes were 69.91 and 42.19, respectively. At 32℃, growth retardation appeared in the 1st instar nymphs. It is concluded that high and low temperatures are not suitable for the population growth of P. comstocki and high temperatures have stronger effects than low temperatures.


The measurement of filtration rate of zeolite slurry was established with a Buchner funnel.The processes of the solid-liquid separation of the zeolite slurry,the exchange and washing of the filter cake were respectively studied. Four kinds of the filter aids corresponding to the zeolite slurries were developed. Laboratory and scale-up experiment's results showed that the filtering rate of the zeolite slurries can be effectively improved by adding a small amount of the filter aids into the zeolite slurries in advance.The problems of poor filtering rate which had puzzled the factories for more than ten years were satisfactorily solved by means of filter aid. Finally the separation,the exchange and the washing processes on the vacuum belt filter for the zeolite slurry have been widely applied so as to replace the frame filter in three domestic major catalyst factories.


Brucellosis is one of the world's major zoonoses, alongside bovine tuberculosis and rabies. Brucella species infection is endemic in human beings and livestock in Mediterranean countries, and it is also present in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. The importance of brucellosis is not known precisely, but it can have a considerable impact on both human and animal health, as well as having socioeconomic effects, especially in areas where rural income relies largely on livestock breeding and dairy products. Brucellosis in human beings is caused by exposure to livestock and livestock products. Infection can result from direct contact with infected animals and can also be transmitted to consumers through raw milk and milk products. In human beings, the symptoms of disease are weakness, joint and muscle pain, headache, undulant fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and night sweats. Recently, it has been reported that brucellosis can affect the central and peripheral nervous system. In animals, brucellosis mainly affects reproduction and fertility, reduces the survival of newborns and reduces milk yield. The disease does not cause significant mortality in adult animals. In Bangladesh, approximately 80 percent of people live in villages, and rural income is largely dependent on livestock; the people are in close contact with livestock on a daily basis. There are about 33.55 million goats


A real-time traffic control system has been installed in Tianjin City China, in which a machine-learning algorithm, suited to the traffic characteristics of Chinese cities, is presented. This paper describes its basic principles, hardware and software structure, ML-1 traffic controller and control effects.


This Research-to-Practice Work in Progress paper presents a project based on increasing the motivation and performance of undergraduate technology students. It is well known that in order to achieve greater motivation for technology students, it is advisable to contextualize the basic sciences through immediate applications to the disciplines of technological degrees. The work presented is aimed at improving the teaching of sciences at a polytechnic university, illustrating their teaching through technological problems. To this end, since the 2017/2018 academic year, a seminar of contextualization of Mathematics in technological degrees addressed to the teaching staff is being held, dealing in each session with different technological areas. With the aim of assessing this seminar, anonymous surveys for teachers have been conducted. As a result, a set of practical exercises and guidelines with concepts of the different disciplines of engineering have been created. Subsequently, the material extracted from those sessions have been adapted to be useful for the students, starting in the present academic year a seminar addressed to undergraduate students. These sessions intend to improve the motivation and involvement of students, as well as to evaluate through student surveys, the achievement of mathematical and technological concepts, in order to use these results for a future adaptation of Mathematics core subjects. At the same time, during this academic year, the seminar has been expanded to Physics, starting with sessions aimed to teachers. In the future it is planned to follow the experiences with other basic sciences.


In this contribution I present an overview of Italian in Malta, the third language of Malta, focusing on the role of this language within educational institutions and other domains of society. Italian was one of Malta's official languages till 1936 and, historically, it was used mainly within administrative and cultural spheres of society. Contact with Italian is evident in many Maltese words, which form part of the language as integrated borrowings. Although exposure to Italian television programmes is in decline when compared to the recent past, many Maltese still tune into Italian TV channels quite regularly. Italian is the most popular foreign language studied in local schools and there are regular political, commercial and cultural exchanges between Italy and Malta.


Reference is made to methods for treating bacterial infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria by administering BPI PROTEIN PRODUCT alone or in combination with an antibiotic. PRODUCT PROTEIN BPI has only one inhibitive effect on the growth or BACTERICIDE of gram-positive organisms SELECTED ALSO HAVE THE ABILITY TO ENHANCE Susceptibility AGENCIES GRAM-POSITIVE TO ANTIBIOTICS can even overcome the resistance of those organisms to antibiotics.


Aiming at communication signal recognition,this paper proposes a modulation recognition method based on signal spectral line features,which uses the strength and location of signal square spectrum and quadruplicate spectrum as the feature parameters.The features are closely related with signal modulation modes.Compared with other modulation recognition ways,the proposed method,with low computational complexity and strong robustness,could easily extract the features in non-ideal condition,thus is suitable for software radio and cognitive radio with varying modulations.The simulation results indicate that this proposed method is high in identification probability for various modulation modes in low signal-to-noise ratio.


1 What is Horizontal Directional Drilling? Horizontal Directional Drilling, accurately steered drilling, has become state -of- the -art drilling technique in the world. Specially- designed directionsteerable corebarrel and accurate direction measurement tool are available for the use together with wire line core drilling machine. That makes it feasible to extract cores and to measure the drill travel line &length while drilling in a curve. ……


Violence is found in populations made vulnerable by power imbalance in patriarchal societies sustaining beliefs and values which create unequal relations between men and women. Gender hierarchy is established by the attempt to dominate women by men who use violence in the relationship as a means of perpetrating models of inequality. The gender relationship is used as an "excuse" or means to vent innate deviant behaviours which cause physical and psychological suffering to one person in the relationship. Object of the paper is to demonstrate violence in gender relationships in students, using as case studies those students of the University of the Andes, Tachira, Venezuela who study education in the areas of geography and earth sciences. Results indicate that psychological violence is inherent. Physical and sexual violence is routine in the lives of women. This behaviour is justified as being caused by stress, poverty, or jealousy and is considered normal, or else is disassociated because of taboos in respect to considerations of sexuality.


Human's overall development is an important part of Marxism and an essential requirement an overall target of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Labor relations are the backing and social carrier of laborers' overall development. Harmonious labour relations and pushing laborers' overall development is trade unions' values.


With expansive digital networks supporting circuits of accumulation, facilitating both new forms of value capture and proletarian organization, Marxian scholars have shown renewed interest in questions of technology in class struggle. Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's Empire, the most conspicuous autonomist Marxist theorizing on the subject, presents networked technology positively, as part of the revolutionary body, the multitude. Against the affirmative view, critiques of technology and technological rationality, drawn from a thread of Frankfurt School critical theory, have been posed as challenges to Hardt and Negri's conception of technology in class struggle. After identifying a genealogy of what this paper calls foreclosure politics running through the works of Herbert Marcuse, Jodi Dean, and Christian Fuchs, the paper closes by suggesting a conception of technology in class struggle triangulated by critical theory and affirmative conceptions of use.


A result concerning global extrema in a nonsmooth nonconvex variational problem that appears in applications (e.g. in a large defor- mation elasticity problem) is investigated in comparison with a result of D.Y. Gao and R.W. Ogden. The tools used are elementary and the results derived improve upon and correct a recent similar result, more precisely, Theorem 4 of the paper "Closed-form solutions, extremality and nonsmoothness criteria in a large deformation elasticity problem" by the fore-mentioned authors.


In 394 Agesilaus, treading in the footsteps of Xerxes, came from Asia by way of Thrace and Macedon into Thessaly, threw off the attacks of the Thessalian cavalry, proceeded without further trouble into Boeotia, and met the enemy at Coronea, where a great battle was fought. The question ought to have been asked before now, why was he not held up at Thermopylae?


DUNCAN (1959) described a method for determining halothane in tissues, body fluids and gases, based on the liberation of chloride and bromide ions by the action of an ethereal solution of lithium aluminium hydride. The reagent is somewhat troublesome to prepare and can only be kept under conditions which rigidly exclude moisture. Some workers have experienced difficulties in obtaining anhydrous ether and the method presents some fire hazard. In this note we show diat lithium aluminium hydride can conveniently be replaced by finely dispersed sodium which is available in an easily handled form. Apart from the reduction stage and the destruction of the excess of reagent the procedure is identical with that described by Duncan.


Many experiments have been conducted in the past with full-scale rod bundles to develop void fraction correlations or interfacial drag model which can be used to predict the mixture level in a reactor core following a postulated Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA). The Cunningham and Yeh correlation was originally developed and validated with boil-off data obtained in the 100 to 400 psia pressure range. Subsequently the validity of the correlation was successfully assessed against several other experiments. However most of the data concentrated in the intermediate to high pressure range (from 100 to 2200 psia). More recently, the development of advanced passive plant such as the AP1000, put more emphasis in the level swell behavior in the near-atmospheric pressure conditions. Following a postulated SBLOCA event for the AP1000 design, the reactor vessel is automatically depressurized to a near atmospheric condition and in the long term the core decay heat is removed by gravity driven injection flow while boiling is occurring in the core. In this paper the Cunningham-Yeh correlation was assessed against data beyond its original data base. Cunningham-Yeh model predictions were compared to several low-flow, low-pressure full-scale rod bundle experiments. Results show that the correlation performs relatively well against low pressure test data. However the Cunningham-Yeh model has the tendency to underpredict the void fraction and therefore to provide conservative results of level swell for plant safety analysis.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


ABSTRACTThe proper mineral fertilization of guava orchards under intensive management, is a major factor in productivity and monitoring the nutritional status of the plants contributes to the efficiency of this agronomic practice. The aim of this study was to investigate different doses of nitrogen and potassium in the nutritional status of guava 'Paluma'. The experiment was conducted at Vista Alegre do Alto, Sao Paulo, in a 7 year old irrigated orchard, managedwith fruiting pruning during four consecutive growing seasons. The soil is a dystrophic Ultisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in factorial, with four nitrogen doses (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg of N plant-1) and four of potassium (0, 0.55, 1.1 and 2.2 kg of K2O plant-1), with three replications. Nitrogen fertilization promoted increased levels of leaf N and Mn and the decrease in the levels of P and B; effects observed from the second to the fourth production cycle. Nitrogen fertilization increased the Ca and Mg levels, respectively, in the second and third cycle. Except for the first production cycle, K and Mn foliar concentrations increased with increasing potassium fertilization, whereas the levels of Mg, in the second and the fourth cycle, decreased as a function of fertilization.


The possibility of detecting holes in CFRP thin-walled square tubes by response surface method based on potential measurement is investigated in this paper. With ten electrodes set on the edge of the tube ends, a response surface model for hole identification was established by calculating potential responses of CFRP thin-walled square tubes with different circle holes on ANSYS. Virtual simulation experiment revealed that the response surface method using normalized potential data is effective to identify the circle hole on the CFRP thin-walled square tubes, especially for estimating the size of the hole. Larger error was observed in the same position identifications, including the longitudinal and transverse coordinates of the hole center. The causes of these errors and methods to improve accuracy were discussed.


My story begins back in 1964 when the late Professor Albert Kligman shocked the scientific community at that time that had misconceptions of the anatomy of the stratum corneum (SC) as a loose mortuary of dead cells. He showed that the SC was a tough resilient membrane. The science has moved on significantly since then. We now know more of the lipid chemistry of the SC being composed of ceramides, cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids together with cholesterol sulphate. There are now 11 different reported types of ceramide classes with over 340 different individual ceramides species identified. However, the physical packing of the lipids is just as important as their chemistry. Many molecular models have been proposed, but the one most validated is the 'sandwich' model in which the long acyl ceramides are important for forming the best lamellar barrier structure but this could not be achieved without long-chain fatty acids enhancing the lateral packing states. Natural moisturising factor (NMF) is a plasticiser of the keratin within the corneocytes of the SC. A natural gradient occurs within the stratum corneum as it is derived from filaggrin. This protein undergoes several carefully controlled steps to form the NMF at the right location and the right time. The corneocyte structure also changes within the different layers of the SC. For healthy skin, there are two main types of corneocytes. The 'fragile' (CEf) type is formed initially during epidermal differentiation, and the 'resilient' type (CEr) is formed by the further action of transglutaminase within the SC as they are proceed towards the surface of the SC. A characteristic feature of the maturation of the different corneocytes is the precise degradation patterns of their inter-structural corneodesmosomes. Degradation of the nonperipheral corneodesmosomes is a marker of the CEf to CEr transition. These events are naturally mediated by enzymes, and the most investigated class of enzymes is that of the kallikrein family of serine proteases. Eight different enzymes are described, which act in a catalytic cascade, controlled by protease inhibitors, to facilitate the desquamatory process. They are even important in controlling part of the innate immune defence allowing activation of antimicrobial peptides. Dry flaky skin conditions is a major DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01167.x www.blackwellpublishing.com/EXD Commented Bibliographies


Every secondary school in Wales is to have a named nurse by May 2011, according to the Welsh assembly government.


(57) Abstract: any backscattered material, in particular apparatus for implementing an improved ultrasonic pulse / echo method and the method is applied to the exact degree of compression measurements in organic tissue. This method uses the transducer device is translated into a standard transducer or axial direction to compress or move a proximal end zone of the target body by a known small increments. In each increment, the pulse is emitted, an echo from an area along the sound travel path or transducer beam in the target sequence (A- line) is detected. Been fixed for each zone time shift in the echo segment corresponding to features in the target varies the speed of sound along the acoustic path, providing relative quantitative information about the distortion caused by compression. The stress applied by the transducer and transducer devices are determined according to the depth along the sound passage also be modified. Appropriate stress value divided by the respective strain values along each path, resulting in elastogram or compressibility value sequence of the target.


n-type Mg3Bi2-based materials have been considered to be a promising near-room-temperature thermoelectric material and have recently received a great deal of attention. In this paper, we first investigated the thermoelectric properties of Se doped Mg3Bi2. Compared to the undoped sample, a nearly three-times enhancement in ZT was achieved at 300 K for Mg3Bi1.99Se0.01, which can be attributed to the significantly increasing power factor (PF). The PF increased from 10 to 30 µW cm−1 K−2. The improved PF mainly benefited from the high Seebeck coefficient (150–160 µV K−1 at room temperature), which resulted from band convergence induced by Se doping. To further improve the thermoelectric performance, Mg3Bi1.99Se0.01 alloying with Mg3Sb2 has been explored. The results show that band gap of alloy increased with the increasing Sb ratio. Meanwhile, the effective scattering of phonon due to Bi/Sb disorder lead to the decrease of lattice thermal conductivity. Finally, a peak ZT of 1.3 at 525 K and average ZT of 1.02 in the temperature range of 300–525 K were obtained in Mg3.2Bi1.09Sb0.9Se0.01 sample.


by an indicative ; occasionally by the subjunctive.' Even beginners ought to learn that general conditions in Ciceronian Latin were commonly ' expressed by the same mode as particular conditions of the same nature, with the (very important) exception that a second person singular, used in an indefinite sense, was always in the subjunctive. In §358, the rule ' Quamquam takes the indicative: quamvis, licet, ut, and quum "although" take the Subjunctive in prose' is a departure from the author's prevailing plan of making clear the reasons for the usages which he is stating. Professor Sonnenschein's treatment of conditional clauses is based upon a special tenet which readers of Vol. I. of the Classical Review will remember in connection with a discussion between him and Mr. Roby. On this matter, to touch upon which would carry me beyond reasonable bounds, I hope to offer certain evidence later. A few things are omitted which, even in a grammar made avowedly for beginners, would seem worthy of mention, for example, the use of the future indicative as an indirect command, the use of the past tenses of the indicative with dum, donee, and quod, where the main and the subordinate act fill the same time, the use of the imperative with quin. I regret the retention of the spelling quum. Over the retention of the English j it is probably too early yet to sorrow overmuch. That letter has a mercantile value, and it is much easier to despise it when you are writing a review than when you are writing a grammar. One may, however, be per-


Path delays in deep submicron designs are sensitive to the operating point of the design, which is defined by the temperature and supply voltage. Moreover, a change in the operating conditions may affect different paths differently. We study a path selection technique for path delay fault test generation that takes into account possible variations in operating conditions. In developing the path selection procedure, we assume that the operating conditions are uniform across multiple gates, however, they are unknown and may assume one of a large range of values. The paths selected for test generation must include the critical paths for any operating point in this range. The study provides a quantitative analysis of path criticality at different operating conditions.


The present research investigates the humanity attributions to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). In three studies, professional educators, who worked in day-care or community centers, were examined. Humanity attributions were assessed using emotion-based and trait-based measures. As expected, individuals with IDD were denied a fully human status: they were perceived as having more non-uniquely than uniquely human attributes. Furthermore, a lower human status was assigned to individuals with IDD in relation to educators. We also discovered that humanity attributions, but not attitudes, were related to approach/avoidance responses. Altogether, findings show the importance of considering humanity perceptions in the study of social relationships of individuals with IDD. Dehumanizing perceptions can explain the differential treatment these individuals face in various social settings.


The excitation functions for nine radioactive evaporation residues produced in the inter-actions of 16O with 74Ge have been measured using an activation technique in the energy range 60-112 MeV. The experimentally measured excitation functions were analyzed using a statistical model based Monte-Carlo simulation code PACE-2. The analysis indicates the presence of contributions from incomplete fusion processes in some α-emission channels following the breakup of the projectile 16O in the nuclear field of the target nucleus 74Ge.


This paper introduces present situation of direct torque control of synchronous machines and analyses the differences between synchronous machine and asynchronous machine, such as the use of zero vector, the initial rotor position estimation, the effect of offset error, the estimation of rotor speed, etc. Finally, a simulation model of direct torque control is proposed. The model is based on the SIMULINK environment of the MATLAB software. The simulation results of direct torque contro system of interior permanent magnet motor indicate that the performances are very good.


Absorption measurement is taken in the visible spectral region (650 - 850 nm). The dopants Cr3+ and Al3+ ions occupy the tetrahedral sites in the crystal lattice of doped sillenite. The electron transitions in Cr3+ are presented in the case of Bi12SiO20:Cr and Bi12SiO20:Cr+Al. The total cross-section of combined chromium-aluminium absorption structure and the spin-orbit coupling energy of Cr3+ are calculated.


A system for drying of tea and the like materials is disclosed involving controlled heating of ambient air to predetermined RH to convert it to appropriate inlet air for drying green and wet tea leaves irrespective of initial humidity ratio of the ambient air. An online control of the process parameters is carried out by a system involving i) Electronic Hygrometer-cum- Thermometer, ii) Pre-programmed Micro Controller, iii) Heater Fuel Supply Regulator and iv) Dryer Feed Regulator, such as to achieve predetermined RH of inlet and exhaust air of dryer. The heater fuel supply and dryer feed regulator is monitored and controlled to implement optimum heat addition to inlet air and its utilization for desired drying effect corresponding to a given rate of production and desired quality of dried tea. The present system and method of tea drying thus enable significant savings fuel consumption making use of favourable ambient air condition.


The available quantity of surface water resources in the Hanjiang River Basin is computed respectively by deduction method and improved WAM.The ecological water quantity in the river channel and production water quantity are considered in two methods.In which,the deduction method is an inversely deduction process,while the WAM model is a sequencing computation.In deduction method,the flood volume which is difficult to be used in flood season is considered,while in WAM model,the natural runoff of 80% assurance rate is considered in deduction.WAM model takes reservoir impounding water as a water right and the deduction method takes reservoir impounding water as a part of available surface water resources quantity.The practical research demonstrates that the computation results of two methods are basically identical,the available surface water resources quantity in the Hanjiang River Basin computed by deduction method is 20.7billion m3,and 22.3 billion m3 by WAM model,the relative error of two methods is 7.17%.


A method for wet chemical manufacturing a thin-film HTSC with textured HTSC structures on an at least single textured substrate, comprising the steps of a) preparing the substrate, b) applying a liquid HTSC precursor on the substrate c) heat treatment to produce the HTSC structures, characterized in that the negative image of the geometry of the HTSC structures is generated by applying a corresponding to the negative image and the formation of textured HTSC structures preventing layer as a perturbation in step a), to which a decomposing perturbation layer is applied in step c), the decomposition products, the adhesion of the HTSC layer on the substrate in the areas covered with the perturbation layer degrade at least.


Abstract : Gauss suggested that, when the model is a nonlinear function of parameters, least square parameter estimates might be obtained by iterative linearization. To prevent difficulties in convergence, Levenberg, and later Marquardt, proposed a constrained minimization procedure. On critically examining this method with a linearly invariant metric for the parameters, the authors find this to be equivalent to a simple modification of the Gauss method which had been proposed earlier. Procedures to decide how far one should go along the Gauss solution vector are introduced which use only quantities already computed. (Author)


Short arc lamps are a key component for projection systems to achieve highest efficiency for small display sizes. Consequently UHP-lamps are now standard for high efficient projection systems. UHP lamps combine a very high luminance with a good spectrum and lifetime. The optical performance of UHP lamps can be further improved: A dichroic coating on one half of the UHP burner is applied to focus all light into one hemisphere. This allows for extremely compact reflector systems and an improvement by 20-30% in light collection. The design of projection optical systems requires reliable optical models of the light source. Two different approaches for the model description of lamps will be presented. 1) A physical model based on the geometrical description of all surfaces of the lamp. Volume emitters are used to describe the light generation. 2) A model based on high resolution goniophotometric measurements of the light source. Simulations using both types of models are verified by measurements and the benefits and shortcomings of both approaches are discussed. Special emphasis will be placed on the role of the light bulb as the first optical element in the system. The relatively thick quartz bulb of these high pressure lamps acts as a lens and shapes the beam of light.


The pure apodiz ed linearly chirped long period fiber grating has more varied spectral characteristics and can be used in optical communication field. Its mode coupling characteristics were studied by using the coupled-mode theory, and the coupling coefficient and coupled-mode equations were derived. The impact of chirp and apodization on the spectral characteristics were also investigated. Furthermore, the proposed fiber gratings can be used as dispersion compensator, and its structural characteristics and the dispersion compensation mechanism were discussed. Finally, a dispersion compensator was designed by using two symmetrically connected identical pure apodized linearly chirped long period fiber gratings. Its 3 dB bandwidth is 0.16 nm, dispersion value within 3 dB bandwidth is about -1 954 ps/nm, and the fluctuation of delay curve departure from linearity is less than 2.5 ps.


The Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development of Korea has announced the revised version of the Korean National Curriculum for high school Chinese language on February 28th 2007 according to the occasional curriculum revision system. This revised curriculum was made with some partial change on the 7th Korean National Curriculum which was declared in 1997. The objective of this paper was to explore the traits, characteristics of the revised curriculum on the ground of the authors` experience earned in the process of developing national curriculums of Korea. The main findings of this study were as belows.
First, the revised curriculum has more embodied its character, purpose, contents, method and evaluation reflected in the vivid requests of real school life than the 7th National Curriculum, also maintaining the unique parts of the 7th National Curriculum of foreign languages.
Second, the role of culture was emphasized in the updated curriculum. Independent culture part was newly established at each section of the purpose, the contents, the teaching & learning, method and the evaluation. In particular, as for "3. Content" section, the part of `culture contents` was set up as an independent part from the `language contents`.
Third, the addition of the number of 249 vocabulary in the revised curriculum to the number of 773 basic vocabulary in the 7th Chinese language curriculum has finally made the total number of 1,022 basic vocabulary enlisted in the new curriculum.
Fourth, while it was only mentioned, when it comes to grammar, that "Refer to the example sentences for communication listed on the Appended table 1 in the 7th Chinese language curriculum", broader frame of basic contents was added to the revised curriculum.
Fifth, `Example sentences for communication` were classified into the 8 categories, which were re-classified into the 41 sub-categories with 83 Chinese example sentences in the 7th Chinese language curriculum. On the other hand, in the updated curriculum, in order to more emphasize the example sentences, it was classified into 5 categories, which were re-classified into the 55 sub-categories with corresponding 209 Chinese sentence examples.


A revised version of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument was administered to low-income mothers participating in three parent education programs. Correlational analyses were used to determine the relationship between the replies and other variables; t-tests were employed to determine the significant differences between preand postscores. A factor analysis was also performed. The major findings were that responses to the instrument correlated significantly with observed maternal behavior and predicted the child's intellectual growth in preschool. Race affected both the prescores and change scores. Finally, factor scores proved to be effective in assessing changes in respondents' attitudes.


The first person effect is a kind of phenomenon widely existing in communication field which refers to audiences' perception about the difference between the information's influence on them and on others. Compared with the research within news and political field, those in marketing communicating received less attention. Thus, the literatures during recent 30 years were reorganized in this article. Furthermore, the relationship between the first person effect and consumer behavior was also analyzed from the view point of FPE's effect on consumer behavior, self, advertising information, consumer emotion and so on. Finally, some points about future research directions and application were put forward as well.


The invention describes a method of applying absorbent coating on a substrate coated with, support, and / or the support substrate. One method is (i) optionally, a. Solvent, b. Binding agent, c. A support, and d. Optionally in the substrate with the slurry containing the dispersing agent pre-comprising the step of treating the step of producing the base material coated with the support by treatment, and (ii) a substrate, support, and / or the coated substrate to a support as an adsorbent, and wherein the substrate includes: (a) a ceramic, a monolithic or honeycomb structures made of metal or plastic (b) a polyurethane foam, polypropylene foam, polyester foam, metal foam or ceramic foam, or (c) a woven or non-woven a plastic or cellulosic fibers, the support is alumina, silica, silica-alumina, titania, zirconia, carbon, zeolites, metal-organic framework and the structure (MOF) or a combination thereof, the adsorbent is adsorbing the carbon dioxide adsorbent is an amine; Monoethanolamine; Diethanolamine; Polyethyleneimine (PEI); Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; Polyethyleneimine-trimethoxysilane; Nylon, polymers containing amide or amine, including polyurethane, polyvinyl amine, or melamine; And it is selected from the group consisting of a combination thereof.


This modeling study estimates the flood loss avoidance benefits from application of small storm retention practices (green infrastructure) for new development and redevelopment nationwide.


This paper represents the open-loop tracking control of a small scale fire-fighting robot. The design and development of radio frequency (RF) based small scale fire-fighting robot is done in-house. The electrical and mechanical design of the robot is carried out along with the embedded system and equipped with a self-supportive water tank. Experimental results presented in the paper show that, the robot has extensive control over its performance.


It is commonly perceived that a concrete slab-on-grade can be designed to resist cracking under point loads based on thickness and the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of the concrete matrix and that the peak in load resistance associated with cracking of the concrete is independent of post-cracking behaviour. However, an experimental investigation has revealed that the peak in load resistance associated with cracking of a concrete slab is not simply determined by thickness and the Modulus of Rupture alone but is also influenced by the load capacity of the slab in the immediate post-crack range. Concrete slabs displaying high post-crack load capacity are shown to exhibit greater apparent cracking load capacity than geometrically identical plates comprised of more brittle materials even if both materials exhibit strain softening and an MOR that is essentially identical. The results have a bearing on the most appropriate method of analysis to use for slab-on-grade design.


Two novel fermionic — expressed in terms of Grassmann–Berezin calculus of anticommuting variables — solutions of pentagon equation are proposed, both being deformations of the known solution related to the affine group.


The S:r.cletian is widely known as a tr.lnsilional mdustry be,ween Ibe Middle and Upper E'aleolilhic. SzelelD Cave. the ef.?nymous sile. is located in northeastern llungary in the Bukk Mounlains and is the only sile in IlungaT(. that produced I C dates for Szeletlan 1c\'els. lymg between 43.0 and 11 .0 ka I'e BE'. In this p~per we crilically review the ·C samples oblained III Szeieta and discuss Ihe age ofthe Szelelian in Hungary. In our evaluation of the data we focus on strJlIgrJphy. Ihe eomposilion of layers. and the archeological context orthc samples.


The objective of the present study is to tackle problems in the simulation of rock body material and the measurement of relative displacement of structural planes in geomechanical model test.Firstly,the deformation characteristics of different rock body materials was simulated,and the composition and preparation method of rock body model material were determined.It was found that the cement,paraffin and engine oil were main factors controlling the deformation characteristics of model materials of high,medium and low performances.Refined simulation using small blocks of different sizes was proposed for the rock materials with various deformation moduli.Moreover,strain test technique was employed to develop a measurement instrument for the relative displacement of structural planes.In the test,the strain changes of measurement points under different loading conditions were recorded by strain gauges,and the displacement process was obtained according to the calibrating coefficients of displacement and strain obtained before the embedment.The research findings were applied to Xiaowan arch dam model test and the results indicates that both the model material prepared in this study and the measurement technique for relative displacement of structural plane meet the requirements of model test.