This study investigates acquiring fIrms' value before and after take-overs using Tobin 's q measure. The effect on acquiring fIrms ' value of variables such as the identity of the dominant owner, characteristics of the acquired firms and transaction characteristics were examined. The fIndings show that acquirers had higher q value relative to control fIrms prior to a take-over but it declined subsequently. Ownership variable was found to have greater explanation for post take-over fIrm value than the target fIrm characteristics and transaction characteristics. The findings also show that acquiring fIrms which are familyowned create more value than fIrms with other forms of ownership structure, implying that there is less agency problem in the former.


This paper addresses an important and classic scheduling problem,the static scheduling of dependent tasks in homogeneous environment.It is NP hard even when the resources are unbounded,and finds many applications in the parallel and distributed computation area.Dependent tasks are usually denoted by Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG),and solving heuristics are commonly categorized to priority list based,cluster based and task duplication based schemes.Task-duplication-based(TDB)algorithms are of better performance than non-duplication ones.A new TDB clustering and scheduling algorithm,called the dynamic critical predecessor(DCP)algorithm,is proposed in this paper.DCP algorithm defines a new selective strategy for important ancestors to be duplicated.The primary aim is to get the shortest schedule length,and the next is to utilize as less resources as possible.Based on an improved definition of granularity,DCP algorithm achieves a better performance guarantee for arbitrary DAG than relative works reported in the literature.Experimental results on several benchmarks show that DCP algorithm is quite effective and it exceeds other classic TDB algorithms.Especially for the classic EZ benchmark,DCP algorithm gets an optimal solution with 8 makespan,which is better than the optimal result taken for before with 8.5 makespan.Complement graph of a DAG is defined,and a similar algorithm is developed to produce a 2-optimal schedule for tree graph if task duplication is not allowed for the tasks.


In his intriguing paper, "Responsibility, Liability, and Incentive Compatibility," Talbot Page argues for what he calls "the responsibility principle."' The responsibility principle states, "When A's actions impose costs on B, A should be made responsible, by paying for these costs" (p. 242). The responsibility principle is presented as a prima facie moral and legal principle, which may be overriden by other concerns. Page argues that the responsibility principle should play a fundamental role in our thinking about liability because it is deeply entrenched in our way of thinking about harms and because, at least in many circumstances, it is not only consistent with considerations of efficiency and utility but also contributes to them. Given the responsibility principle, Page argues that chemical companies whose products or processes cause harm should be held strictly liable. Strict liability is justified because it helps to avoid problems of misrepresentation and because, given the responsibility principle, it is not unfair or unusual. Central to the whole discussion is the notion of imposing costs or harming. Although Page notes that the notion of harm is problematic (p. 242), he does not attempt any definition.2 Yet there are at least three notions of harm that are relevant to his discussion. First one might take A to harm B whenever A diminishes B's budget set or A interferes with or damages any of B's capacities. B's budget set is the set of all possible outcomes obtainable by B, provided that B's capacities are unimpaired. To simplify somewhat, one can take A to harm B whenever A limits B's options. This notion of harm as limiting options contrasts with two other notions: harm as decreasing utility and harm as violating rights. One might argue that A does not harm B if A merely limits an option of B that B would never choose. When others buy up the whole stock of canned eels at my local supermarket, they limit my opportunities. I can no longer purchase canned eels there. But since I would never think of


Background Increasingly, compassion fatigue, staff welfare and 'burnout' of those working in end-of-life services is hitting the headlines. Whilst working in palliative care is rewarding it can often be challenging and impact on work life balance. Healthcare professionals in particular are considered to be at high-risk of compassion fatigue. The drive to support staff is increasingly important with high staff turnover, high sickness, poor morale and staff leaving the profession altogether. A Staff Wellbeing Strategy could negate these effects by improving overall wellbeing.
What are we doing
 As part of our strategy we have developed a free weekly programme of in house workshops called Wellness for You. Delivered by a senior complementary therapist the focus is on key elements of wellbeing; using different themes; informal interactive group discussions; practical demonstrations; attendees complete anonymised pre/post evaluations using a likert scale. Wk Themes 1 Wellness/wellbeing 2 Resolutions, memories and moments 3 Why little things matter 4 Self-reliance 5 Hand and arm massage 6 Guided visualisation/meditation 7 Not comparing be ourselves 8 Developing a good sleep routine 9 Happiness 10 Grounding techniques 11 5 Senses and I 12 Self-confidence Objectives To develop a self- care resource for staff support; Improve health and energy; Improve satisfaction in the workplace; Reduce compassion fatigue Results Early results from weekly evaluations have shown that the programme so far is proving to be a great success in creating an improved sense of wellbeing by reducing stress and improving morale – thus improving overall health in the long term. Sustainability The workshops offer a rolling programme that can be used across all departments and in other settings. The programme has already shown benefits for staff in the work place even at this early stage. The focus is on supportive tools and strategies for self-care that all staff can benefit from. Developments of the programme may have human resource benefits i.e. reductions in staff turnover and absenteeism, higher morale and a better workplace to attract staff.


Dynamic nature of hydrogen bond (H-bond) is central in molecular science of substance transportation, energy transfer, and phase transition in H-bonding networks diversely expressed as solution, crystal, and interfacial systems, thus attracting the state-of-the-art revealing of its phenomenological edges and sophisticated causes. However, the current understanding of the ground-state fluctuation from zero-point vibration (ZPV) lacks a firm quasi-classical base, concerning three basic dimensions as geometry, electronic structure, and interaction energy. Here, based on the ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of a ground-state water dimer, temporally separated fluctuation features in the elementary H-bond as the long-time weakening and the minor short-time strengthening are respectively assigned to two low-frequency intermolecular ZPV modes and two O–H stretching ones. Geometrically, the former modes instantaneously lengthen H-bond up to 0.2 Å whose time-averaged effect coverages to about 0.03 Å over 1-picosecond. Electronic-structure fluctuation crosses criteria' borders, dividing into partially covalent and noncovalent H-bonding established for equilibrium models, with a 370% amplitude and the district trend in interaction energy fluctuation compared with conventional dragging models using frozen monomers. Extended physical picture within the normal-mode disclosure further approaches to the dynamic nature of H-bond and better supports the upper-building explorations towards ultrafast and mode-specific manipulation.


Sensor, in particular a Hall sensor, comprising a sensor element (1; 10) (6; 20) which emits a an interfering signal (STS) containing sensor signal (SS), having an evaluation device, with the sensor element (1; 10) and a includes that the jamming signal (STS) from the sensor signal (SS) is subtracted, wherein the sensor includes a filter means (3) that the noise signal (STS) from the sensor signal (SS) filters out and a band-pass; subtractor (21 2) or a high-pass filter means (5; 25) which controls a counter or integrator (26) whose count value / sum value corresponds to the value of the interference signal, wherein the counter / integrator (26), a digital-to-analog converter (27) is connected downstream, which converts the counter value / sum value to an analog signal, and wherein the sensor includes a chopper (chopper, 15) which alternately inverts the signal present at its input and not inverted, and the output of the chopper (chopper, 15) with a em demodulator (24) is connected.


Interest in wide band gap III-V nitride semiconductor devices is increasing for optoelectronic and microelectronic device applications. to ensure the highest quality, TEM analysis can characterize the substrate and buffer layer interface. Measurements taken by TEM reveal the density of dislocations/cm2 and the orientation of Burger's vectors. This information allows for changes to be made in deposition rates, temperatures, gas flow rates, and other parameters during the processing. The GaN/sapphire samples grown at AFRL were produced in two consecutive steps, first to provide a thin buffer layer, and the other to grow a lum thick epitaxial film. Both growth steps were prepared using metallic organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in a vertical reactor. Buffer layers were prepared using a range of temperatures from 525 to 535°C and with a range of flow rates and pressures in order to optimize the nucleation conditions for the epitaxial films.


Studies of dietary supplementation and cancer risk are full of surprises. Ten years ago, most epidemiologists and nutritionists sincerely believed that fl-carotene was the leading candidate for evaluation in chemoprevention trials. We now know that (3-carotene supplementation among smokers increases the risks of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and total mortality (1, 2). Although the story is incomplete, the recent findings on selemum supplementation were equally unanticipated. Until recently, few scientists would have argued that selenium supplementation was likely to be a chemopreventive agent active against a variety of cancers. However, in a large clinical trial, selenium supplementation reduced total cancer incidence by 59% (3). There are other less extreme examples of where our expectations about dietary supplements were off the mark. Consider the Finnish study of (3-carotene and a-tocopherol to prevent lung cancer, in which a-tocopherol supplementation


Abstract When simulating and controlling robot dynamics, it is necessary to know the inertial parameters of robots accurately. However these parameters are usually not provided by manufacturers, identification is then essential. We have proposesd a method to estimate legged system inertial parameters based on the use of the dynamics of the base-link. Only generalized coordinates of baselink, joint angles and external forces information are required. This paper presents a symbolic proof of the identifiability of the parameters with the proposed method.


Speaking is one of the most important skills in second language learning (L2). Speaking is more difficult than reading or listening because of the difficulties in acquiring the intonation patterns of the second language. To address these difficulties, two different vibrotactile devices were designed and implemented to teach English intonation because the learning of intonation is a part of muscle and motor training. The devices were designed to present English intonation using vibrotactile feedback in order to increase L2 learners' awareness of English intonation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the devices on intonation learning, a between-subjects experiment was conducted. Twelve university students volunteered in the experiment, and were randomly and equally assigned to each of the two conditions. Multiple-choice questions were given to the participants during the experiment, and the pretest and post-test surveys were administrated to assess the usability of the vibrotactile devices. The participants were recorded during the experiment for later analysis. Results showed positive effects of the proposed vibrotactile devices on teaching English intonation in that they were evaluated as helpful in intonation awareness, feeling rhythm of English speeches, and listening.


The rationale behind endodontics is to thoroughly disinfect the root canal system, and to provide hermetic seal which in turn ceases the progress of the periapical infection. Most of these periapical infections attributed directly or indirectly to oral microbes. Surgical interventions in larger periapical infection are sometimes accompanied by certain complications. Hence, non-surgical approach can be considered. This article presents non-surgical healing of a periapical lesion of endodontic origin associated with maxillary left central and lateral incisors, observed over a period of 6 months, using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament.


An integrated observation system, so-called SEnsory data transmission Service Assisted by Midori Engineering laboratory (SESAME) has been deployed to measure hydrological and climatological parameters at peatlands of South Sumatera since June 2017. One of the observed hydrological parameters
 is the Ground Water Level (GWL). This study evaluates the spatio-temporal variability of GWL observed at 4 locations, namely, Peat Hydrology Unit (PHU) Sungai Saleh 1 (SS1), Sungai Saleh 2 (SS2), Sungai Lumpur 1 (SL1), and Sungai Lumpur 2 (SL2). The data covered a period of July 1, 2017 to
 June 30, 2018. This study focused on analyzing types of observed tides at each SESAME location. It was found that at the study location SL2, SS1, and SS2 the tidal type was a mixed tide prevailing diurnal. On the other hand, the observed GWL at the SL1 was dominated by a mixed tide prevailing
 semidiurnal. Further analysis on the observed GWL indicates that the lowest GWL was observed in period September-October, while the highest GWL occurs in period March-April. Statistical analysis shows that the observed GWL was significantly correlated with the observed soil moisture at the
 SL1 and the SL2. The coefficient correlation at those SL1 and SL2 were 0.85 and 0.95, respectively. It was also found that GWL had a significant correlation with Rainfall (RF).


This paper studies for the first time the usage and propagation of hashtags in a new and fundamentally different type of social media that is i) without profiles and ii) location-based to only show nearby posted content. Our study is based on analyzing the mobile-only Jodel microblogging app, which has an established user base in several European countries and Saudi Arabia. All posts are user to user anonymous (i.e., no displayed user handles) and are only displayed in the proximity of the user's location (up to 20 km). It thereby forms local communities and opens the question of how information propagates within and between these communities. We tackle this question by applying established metrics for Twitter hashtags to a ground-truth data set of Jodel posts within Germany that spans three years. We find the usage of hashtags in Jodel to differ from Twitter; despite embracing local communication in its design, Jodel hashtags are mostly used country-wide.


In this work we discuss the essential quantum origin of correlation energy as measured through the wave function regardless of any extrinsic Hamiltonian. The ambiguous physical meaning of correlation energy is clarified by identifying the non-dynamical correlations inherent in the system state of Slater rank different than one with the quantum phenomenon of nonlocality. This is achieved by relating correlation energy to entanglement as measured through the von Neumann and the linear entropies. Indeed, for helium-like systems with varying Z we observe one-to-one correspondence between entanglement and correlation energy. We present numerical evidence of the linear relation between the correlation energy and the quantum entanglement for various members of the helium isoelectronic series by use of highly correlated wave functions of configuration-interaction type.


Although is a recent topic, the analysis of the success of the integrated systems implementation of the enterprise resource planning (erp) is a topic that has a lot of relevance for the information technology (it) community. However, as a result of this novelty, most of the existent investigation is limited to qualitative methodologies or descriptive studies oriented to big companies or corporations mainly. This investigation presents a model that seeks to reveal the determining factors of the success of erp implementation in a small and medium Latin American company. The validation of this empiric model allowed to verify significant relationships between training and it abilities in the company and the success of the implementation, measured by the time required for this one. It was also verified the impact of this time over the perception of the companies global satisfaction with the erp implementation. The investigation concludes with recommendations for its application and also suggests additional potential areas of investigation inspired by an amazing collateral result obtained.


The paper proves transportation inequalities for probability measures on spheres for the Wasserstein metrics with respect to cost functions that are powers of the geodesic distance. Let $\mu$ be a probability measure on the sphere ${\bf S}^n$ of the form $d\mu =e^{-U(x)}{\rm d}x$ where ${\rm d}x$ is the rotation invariant probability measure, and $(n-1)I+{\hbox {Hess}}\,U\geq {\kappa _U}I$, where $\kappa _U>0$. Then any probability measure $\nu$ of finite relative entropy with respect to $\mu$ satisfies ${\hbox {Ent}}(\nu \mid \mu ) \geq (\kappa _U/2)W_2(\nu,\, \mu )^2$. The proof uses an explicit formula for the relative entropy which is also valid on connected and compact $C^\infty$ smooth Riemannian manifolds without boundary. A variation of this entropy formula gives the Lichnérowicz integral.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform use from many directions and to control a radiation amount irradiated from the respective directions by controlling the position and direction of a frame relating to a rotation center within a time area corresponding to a prescribed equation. SOLUTION: A three-dimensional spatial frame assembly 110 is attached to a column 130 rotatable around an axis 112 matched along the axis 112. The column 130 is capable of translation within a plane vertical to the axis 112 and is selectively elevetable and lowerable along the axis 112 by an X-Y-Z transformation mechanism 132. The supporting platform 134 of a patient is attached to the column 130 in a fixed state and supporting bodies 136 with a wheel are attached to the end part on the opposite side of the column 130 of the supporting platform 134 in the fixed state. An azimuth angle motor 137 is attached to one of the supporting bodies 136 with the wheel so as to rotate the platform 134 around the axis 112.


Influence maximization (IM) is the process focuses on finding active users who make that maximizes the spread of influence into the network. In recent years, community detection has attracted intensive interest especially in the implementation of clustering algorithms in complex networks for community discovery. In this paper the social network was divided into communities using the proposed algorithm which is called (CDBNN) algorithm, CDBNN stands for Community Discovery Based on Nodes Neighbor. The seed nodes(candidate nodes) were extracted using the degree centrality in each community. The propagates model (PSI) was used to information propagates through the network. Finally, using closeness centrality to extract the influential nodes from the network. Experimental results on the real network are efficient for influence propagates, compared with two known proposals.


The technology of target tracing takes target tracing as estimation problem.During the dynamic system for real-time estimated,the classic Kalman filter shows low precision and possible filter divergence.A Unscented Kalman Filter(UKF) is used in nonlinear video target tracing system,using the unscented transform to improve the classic Kalman filter to enhance the tracing performance of the system.According to the results of the UKF tracing target and simulation,it shows UKF has a stronger adaptive ability in noisy environment,owning high precision and simple algorithm.


Entomopathogenic fungi are naturally occurring pathogens of some insects that produce enzymes capable of penetrating into an insect's cuticle. Chitinases are thought to be responsible for entomopathogenic fungi's ability to degrade cuticle. Primers were designed for the chi3 gene which encodes a chitinase CHIT30, from the mRNA transcript present in Metarhizium anisopliae. These primers were unable to amplify the gene in Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Paecilomyces farinosus.


This study approaches the fundamental aspects of the ongoing debate around the transforming context of telecommunications sector and regulation in Brazil. It departs from the recognition of losing essentiality of fixed-line telephony and the risks of maintaining this service under public regime and how it may jeopardize the prospects of telecommunications development under severe investment constraint and current political and economic circumstances. The objective is to offer an overview of the sector performance and to ponder about some references that granted policy makers and the board of commissioners of the regulatory agency to advocate toward the establishment of a new regulatory framework for the sector.


The following observations were taken in my home town, Shawinigan Falls, which is about half-way between Montreal and Quebec City, Canada.

At the period of the reported magnetic storms, April 25 to April 29, 1937, we were more fortunate than people further south for we could observe the finest display of the Aurora Borealis. It covered half the sky; we could see this light in the east and west as well as in the northern sky, and directly overhead. On one of the nights it extended south to about 20° from the zenith. The light seemed as strong directly overhead as it was towards the north. Looking directly upward, the rays appeared like strong streaks of light falling on us in a shower and slightly bent toward the north. On the night of May 9 I noticed again the same phenomenon and radio reception was rather poor, even from station CKAC, a 5000-watt station 80 miles away which is usually heard clearly.


We report hereby use of p-nitrophenyltriazenopurine, (PNTP) as a colorimetric receptor for recognition of d 10 metal ions in DMSO through visible color changes. All the chosen metal ions showed 1:1 stoichiometry with PNTP. Among the chosen metal ions Hg II was most preferred by PNTP.


This paper presents a clocked, regenerative comparator in a 1.5V/0.1mum CMOS technology, where the sensitivity is tuned by separately adjusting the tail currents of the latch and the input amplifier. The comparator reaches a sensitivity of 3.9mV (2GHz) and 9.2mV (3GHz) to achieve a Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10-9 . The power consumption of the comparator is 422muW at 2GHz and 584muW at 3GHz. The simulated standard deviation of the offset is sigma=16.1mV. Finally a circuit extension is proposed, where only with an additional resistor the influence of noise and mismatch can be reduced.


Chaotic sequences will fall into a circle of small period of iteration in finite wordlength digital computer and its performance is much worse than the ideal sequences. A class of discretized finite state chaotic maps is proposed in this paper, which allow an exact numerical study without round off errors and generate full of length period sequences by choosing the appropriate parameters. Experiments show that the normalized average period is insensitive to computer precision and the quantized binary sequence has good correlation properties.


By choosing high chrome jade for refractory aggregate,silicon sol and dihydrogen phosphate magnesium fluid for the composite binder and sodium base bentonite for the suspension formulation,through the orthogonal experiment,the EPC coating best formula method for high manganese steel was determined.The coating performance,the production test and application were investigated and validated.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we consider the weak approximate solutions to constrained vector optimization problems with variable ordering structures. In terms of abstract subdifferentials, normal cones and coderivatives, we establish Lagrange rules for this kind of solutions.


The invention relates to bolts, in particular to cylinder head bolts. An anti-disengagement bolt with a sealing ring for a cylinder head housing comprises a cylinder head bolt body. The cylinder head bolt body comprises a bolt head and a bolt body which extends downwards from the bolt head. The bolt body is connected with a screw and sleeved with the sealing ring. According to the cylinder head bolt, more effective limiting is conducted by controlling the compression amount of the sealing ring between a cylinder head and a cylinder head housing of an engine, vibration caused by the engine can be reduced, and disengagement or looseness of the bolt caused by vibration is prevented; in addition, the locking force of the bolt can be increased, and noise is lowered. Furthermore, the anti-disengagement bolt is simple in structure, certain cost is reduced, and long-term development is facilitated.


To the Editor: Every day we learn something ..... this time the lesson is one which we should have learned a long time ago, namely festina lente : ie, one should be very careful not to draw long-term conclusions from a comparatively short-term preliminary study. 1 However, although perhaps overenthusiastic, we did try to strike a balance between a reasonable follow-up period and the need to disseminate knowledge to our colleagues. Dr. Menaker in his commentary to our article is correct in pointing out that collagen remodeling without epidermal ablation has been clearly demonstrated in several independent trials using the 1320 nm Nd: YAG laser with dynamic cooling. However, the further comment that such collagen remodeling does not correlate with significant clinical improvement is not totally correct. Although Menaker 2 and Kelly 3


The binding of hydrophobic fluorescent probe TNS with human centrin 2(HsCen2)was examined by fluorescence spectra in 0.01mol/L Hepes,pH 7.4.While combined with HsCen2,the fluorescence peak position of TNS was blue-shifted and the fluorescence intensity was increased to 4.8times.HsCen2 could combine one TNS molecule by hydrophobic interaction.According to Frster non-radiative energy transfer,the distance between HsCen2Tyr172 and TNS was calculated to be 2.13 nm.


Sheet metal bending is a metal forming process with a simple geometric interpretation, usually a 2D analysis being considered. The bend over a sheet metal blank consists of a V shape forming by using a punch, with a certain nose radius, forcing the sheet plate against an open die, with a V section. The forming result is a part with an angle obtained between the V legs (flanges), which is known as the bending angle. The operation to get the required V angle is called air bending or free bending [1]. The punch penetration inside the die, known as bending depth, is responsible for the bending angle. However the amount of penetration to reach the required bending angle depends both on the inside bending radius, with direct influence on the geometry for the angle evaluation, and on the amount of springback occurring after releasing the tools from the bent plate. In this paper, results are presented describing the use of finite element analysis as an aid in the prediction of the inside bending radius and the expected springback, both influencing punch penetration for the final bending angle. A press brake bending Vt diagram is presented in which forming windows are defined and related to different behaviours and results of bent components. In this diagram a defined forming window is suggested when using a defined material and thickness. Some test results with bent samples are added to evaluate the applicability of the defined approach.


Background. Chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is used in lung cancer screening, but the study data can also be used to assess the liver condition, including the hepatic steatosis (HS) detection. However, radiologists often do not pay attention to liver changes due to the focus on the chest. Objective: to determine the prevalence of HS during chest LDST among lung cancer screening patients using a computer vision (CV) system. Material and methods. For a retrospective study, 300 chest LDCT were taken from Moscow lung cancer screening in 2018–2020. Hepatic attenuation analysis was performed by CV, the values < 40 HU were considered as HS. The text protocols of CT scans were analysed and compared with decreased hepatic attenuation revealed by CV system. Results. 291 patients were analysed, the median age for the sample was 65 [61; 70] years. The mean hepatic attenuation was 55.6 ± 14.8 HU. Hepatic attenuation < 40 HU was found in 13% patients (23 (16.1%) males and 14 (9.5%) females), a statistically significant difference was revealed among these patients (p = 0.04). Six (4.2%) males and 4 (2.7%) females were at risk for HS (40–45 HU). The examination of text protocols showed no pathology discovered in all cases. Conclusion. The prevalence of CT signs for HS among the lung cancer screening group in Moscow was 13%. The absence of HS in text protocols highlights the importance of using CV systems in the routine practice.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the degree of integration of emerging markets with the world market and amongst them. Further, the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) on and structural breaks in the degree of integration are explored. The paper, additionally, analyses the behaviour of the level and the rate of change of the degree of integration around the period of the GFC.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper relies on the R2 from a single factor world and the incremental R2 from a two-factor world and emerging market models as proxies for the global and emerging markets degree of integration, respectively. Relying on the Quandt test for unknown structural breakdates, the paper examines structural breaks in the degree of integration.

Findings

The degree of global integration of emerging markets exceeds their degree of integration with themselves, particularly in the recent period. Additionally, the GFC is a significant driver of the recent increase in world market integration. We observe significant structural shifts in both the degree of the world and emerging markets integration measures. The breaks in the world market integration largely coincide with the GFC, whereas that of the emerging market integration is dispersed. Also, the level of the world market degree of integration has reversed recently, although, the degree of world market integration remains above pre-crisis point.

Practical implications

There exist high country-specific components in emerging market returns that are not accounted for by the world and emerging market factors despite the recent increase in global integration. Thusly, portfolios that diversify across emerging markets appear to have a high diversification potential. Additionally, substantial diversification gains may be realised with the inclusion of emerging market assets in global portfolios.

Originality/value

The paper shows that the emerging markets respond similarly to common global, although, diversely to emerging markets events. Additionally, evidence of the impacts of the GFC on the degree of global integration of emerging markets is presented.


This reflective piece was written in response to Best's article, published in Pastoral in Education in September 2014, on Michael Marland's seminal text Pastoral Care. It uses examples from previously published work carried out by the author, to explore some of the key concepts and ideas explored within the book and their relevance in understanding recent changes to the structure, organisation, priorities and delivery of pastoral care within secondary education. Consideration is given to why the focus for pastoral care provision is sometimes placed on meeting the needs of the most vulnerable and needy young people. The argument is made that Marland's work has the potential to generate focused and critical reflection on recent changes in policy and practice.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Crataegi fructus as natural health food source. The research was conducted to determine the biofunctional activities of Crataegi fructus extract. Methanolic extract from Crataegi fructus was partitioned by using organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction was shown to have the strongest antioxidant activity (RC 50 =4.39 ㎍/㎖) among the fractions. In the anti-microbial activity assays, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was effective in bacterial inhibition, against the cases of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in 125 ㎍/㎖. In the anticomplementary activity assays, water soluble fraction was the most effective exhibiting 18.4% inhibitory activity.Key words: Crataegi fructus, anticomplement activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity † Corresponding author: Eon Hwan Shin, Dept. of Hotel Culinary Arts & Nutrition, Ulsan College, Ulsan 682-715, Korea. Tel: +82-52-230-0744, Fax: +82-52-230-0741, E-mail: email@example.com


Illumination complexes are examples of 'flat polyhedral complexes' which arise if several copies of a convex polyhedron (convex body) Q are glued together along some of their common faces (closed convex subsets of their boundaries). A particularly nice example arises if Q is a {\Delta}-zonotope (generalized rhombic dodecahedron), known also as the dual of the difference body {\Delta} - {\Delta} of a simplex {\Delta}, or the dual of the convex hull of the root system A_n. We demonstrate that the illumination complexes and their relatives can be used as 'configuration spaces', leading to new 'fair division theorems'. Among the central new results is the 'polyhedral curtain theorem' (Theorem 3) which is a relative of both the 'ham sandwich theorem' and the 'splitting necklaces theorem'.


This study used 239 twin pairs from a volunteer community sample to investigate how anxious and avoidant attachment are related to personality disorder (PD). Factor analysis showed that self‐reported anxious attachment and 11 PD scales from the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Problems loaded onto one factor (emotional dysregulation), and avoidant attachment and four PD scales loaded onto a second factor (inhibitedness). Biometric models indicated that 40% of the variance in anxious attachment was heritable, and 63% of its association with corresponding PD dimensions was attributable to common genetic effects. Avoidant attachment was influenced by the shared environment instead of genes. Correlations between avoidance and corresponding PD dimensions were attributable to experiences in the nonshared environment that influenced both variables. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


3076 Background: In a recent phase I immunotherapy (IT) study in 23 women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), 8 infusions of activated T cells (ATC) armed with anti-CD3 x anti-HER2Bi bispecific antibody (HER2Bi) given in combination with IL-2 and GM-CSF induced specific anti-SK-BR-3 breast cancer (BrCa) cytotoxicity and increased Th1 cytokines and in IL-12 in the serum. This study investigated whether specific cellular and humoral anti-BrCa immunity is induced by infusions of HER2Bi armed T cells (BATs) could be transferred after high dose chemotherapy (HDC) and stem cell transplant (SCT). Methods: BATs were cryopreserved in 8 doses for twice weekly infusions for 4 weeks along with IL-2 (3.0 x 105 IU/m2/day) and GM-CSF (250µg/m2 twice per week). Seven to 14 days after the last infusion of BATs, the patient was leukapheresed to obtain 8-20 x 109 PBMC for expansion of immune ATC. Immune ATC were harvested and cryopreserved for multiple infusions after the HDC and SCT. Results: Six of 8 MBC patients enrolle...


The design and implementation of a reliable group communication mechanism is presented. The mechanism guarantees a form of atomicity in that the messages are received by all operational members of the group or by none of them. Since the overhead in enforcing the order of messages is nontrivial, the mechanism provides two types of message transmission: one guarantees delivery of the messages in the same order to all members of a group, and the other guarantees only atomicity with messages delivered in some arbitrary order. The message-ordering property can be used to simplify distributed database and distributed processing algorithms. The mechanism can survive despite process, host, and communication failures.<<ETX>>


A novel potentiometric immunosensor for detection of rubella vaccine has been developed by means of covalent immobilization of anti-rubella serumon the platinum (Pt) electrode,which was modified by nano-Au bilayer fil m.The detectionis based on measurement the variation of the electric potential before and after the antigen-antibody reaction.The performance and factors influencing the performance of the resulting immunosensor were studied.The immunosensor showed a specific response to rubella vaccine in the range 3.6×10-8-1.0×10-6g/ ml with a detection limit of 1.8×10-8g/ ml.The correlation coefficient is 0.9961.


The invention provides a plug-in system and a plug-in management method. Logics relative to a specific application are concentrated into an adapter module, and an engine module of the plug-in system is independent of the application and provides a core functionality relative to a plug-in. When different applications need to integrate the plug-in system, the content of the engine module is not required to rewrite, logics relative to the specific application in the adapter module are required to rewrite only, so that flexibility of the plug-in system is improved, developing and designing difficulty of plug-in system developers is reduced greatly, and workload of the developers is reduced; since the engine module is not required to change, the plug-in system can be more stable.


Hittite has a small family of words referring to (primarily) illicit sex acts and those who practice them: LÚpupuc., probably "(adulterous) lover, paramour" (KBo 6.26 iv 12 and perhaps in a fragmentary context at KUB 43.55:12), its derivative LÚpupuwatar "adultery" (or other type of illicit sexual act) KBo 9.73 obv. 6, and the noun or adjective *pupuwalathat is the base of pupuwalai-zi, "seduce, have sex with" (?) KUB 24.7 i 41 and the latter's better attested abstract pupuwalatar, variously translated as "seduction, rape, adultery, sex."1 Though the exact meanings of pupuwalai-zi and pupuwalatar are a little difficult to nail down, Güterbock established2 that all these words are fundamentally reproachful terms for sexual intercourse, whether referring to fornication, adultery, or possibly rape; in only one passage do any of them seem to be in an unambiguously positive context.3 In all the extant examples of pupuand its derivatives where the actors are stated or implied, it is the male role in the sex act that is referred to, a point to which I shall return. The standard reference works ever since Friedrich (HW1 s.v. LÚpupu-) have taken LÚpuputo be a Lallwort,4 and compared it typologically with words like Lat. pūpa "girl, doll" and German Popo "backside." But whatever lexemes may be whelped in the arena of fornication or adultery, Lallwörter are not terribly likely candidates. It is in fact far too easy to attach this label to anything having repeated consonants or potentially belonging to affective vocabulary, and previous scholars have not made a strong case. After claiming that pupuis a Lallwort, Tischler in HEG dismisses alternative accounts "angesichts des universellen Charakters derartiger Bildungen," which is circular. In HED, Puhvel adduces a list of similar-sounding "babble-words" with p's in them for "sweetheart, darling" and


Objective To prepare a kit for the detection of CA125 in serum by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA). Method Two anti-CA125 monoclonal antibodies were used to develop the sandwich TRFIA kit for detection of CA125 in serum. Results The working range of kit was 10~600U/ml. The analytical sensitivity was 1.07U/ml. There was no cross-reactivity with CEA,AFP, CA50, CA15-3 and CA19-9. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.5%~8.1% and 6.9%~11.5%, respectively. The TRFIA CA125 reagents can be stored at 4℃ for 1 year and at 37℃ for 7 days. The cutoff value for TRFIA CA125 kit in healthy subjects (n=425) was 37U/ml. The correlation coefficient of blood samples detection results (n=123) between home-made and commercially available CLIA CA125 kit(Roche) was 0.939. Conclusion CA125 TRFIA kit was a valuable diagnostic kit for clinical application with better sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.


The modular synthesis approach for assembling inorganic nodes and organic multidentate linkers into reticular solids enables rational engineering in porous materials known as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Incorporation of two or more linker types in MOF crystals holds great potential for engineering complex pore functionalities, by virtue of chemically heterogeneous domains. However, deciphering linkers distributions in MOFs crystals is challenging because of the insufficient spatial resolution of conventional, chemically sensitive techniques hinders the verification of rational design. Herein, the high spatial resolution and chemical specificity of infrared nanoscopy is leveraged in combination with high‐throughput diffraction‐limited hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging to determine the composition of individual multivariate UiO‐68 MOF crystals (UiO, Universitetet‐i‐Oslo), after linker‐exchange with optically active tetrazine units. The results reveal that the crystals display a three‐layer onion‐like structure composed of a core‐rich in the parent linker, an intermediate multivariate layer with a gradient in linker composition and a proto‐MOF external shell. In this outer layer, a fraction of the linkers' binding groups is hydrogen bonded rather than coordinated with metal nodes, suggestive of superficial reconstruction during the linker‐exchange. This study advances the analytical capabilities for studying and engineering heterogeneous domains in mixed‐linker MOF crystals down to the nanoscale.


The creation of an online Visual Commentary on Scripture (launched 2018) has established a new scholarly platform for hosting, disseminating, and sharing interpretations of the Christian Bible. In this chapter, three models for the format of the VCS are discussed. These are (i) the gallery exhibition, (ii) the symposium in ancient Greek and Hellenistic civilisation, and (iii) the composite pages of the Jewish Talmud and of Christian catenae. Taken together, these show how both curation and conversation are themselves forms of 'commentary' that present illuminating analogies with traditional biblical commentary. The chapter goes on to argue that (while informed by the latest research in biblical studies and art history) the VCS ultimately has a theological premise, located especially in the doctrines of creation and of the Holy Spirit (or pneumatology), which assert the divinely assured unity and interconnectedness of the texts of Scripture and the contexts of Scripture's interpretation over time, and which license innovative and creative juxtapositions of texts and artworks in the service of new insights into a shared world. Challenging some of the restrictive scholarly positivisms of the modern academy, the VCS claims not just to be 'doing reception history' but to be 'making reception history'.


Neural retrieval models are often trained on (subsets of) the millions of queries of the MS MARCO / ORCAS datasets and then tested on the 250 Robust04 queries or other TREC benchmarks with often only 50 queries. In such setups, many of the few test queries can be very similar to queries from the huge training data -- in fact, 69% of the Robust04 queries have near-duplicates in MS MARCO / ORCAS. We investigate the impact of this unintended train-test leakage by training neural retrieval models on combinations of a fixed number of MS MARCO / ORCAS queries that are highly similar to the actual test queries and an increasing number of other queries. We find that leakage can improve effectiveness and even change the ranking of systems. However, these effects diminish as the amount of leakage among all training instances decreases and thus becomes more realistic.


The invention relates to a method and a system for storing mass data of the Internet of Things (IoT). The system comprises a plurality of data receiving nodes, a master node server and a database cluster. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) carrying out preprocessing on IoT data, and putting the preprocessed data in the database cluster consisting of a master node, slave nodes and the data receiving nodes; (2) creating sample records, which take sample elements as storage units, on the master node according to the static and dynamic information of the data in the database cluster; (3) after the sample records are encapsulated, sending the encapsulated sample records to all the slave nodes by the master node so as to be subjected to fragmentation processing and/or separated storage; and (4) after the slave nodes complete storage, uploading results to the master node, and updating the data in the database cluster by the master node, thereby completing storage. According to the method and the system, the cluster is extended by fully utilizing the existing storage technologies so as to store the mass data, the IoT data are divided into lightweight data and multimedia data, and particularly, a fragmentation strategy is adopted aiming at a large-scale amount of data, so that the time expenditure caused by the extension of a storage space is avoided.


Document image analysis is the process of deriving logically structured representation of a document by analyzing the layout structure of its image. This paper proposes a knowledge based system for document image analysis which is applicable to various kinds of documents. The characteristics of the system are as follows: (1) The knowledge base called document model encodes only object-level knowledge hierarchically, declaratively and symbolically, aiming at high expressivity and maintainability of the knowledge description; (2) the document model is automatically constructed by referring samples of document images, and incrementally refined by feedback of error information of analysis.<<ETX>>


Recently, ZnO Nanostructures have attracted considerable attention due to their various morphologies, easy synthesis and excellent physical properties for fabricating optoelectronic devices. In this study, we report the synthesis of Yb doped ZnO nanorods via a green process using plant extracts. Their morphology, structural and optical properties were characterized by different techniques. The obtained materials show promising properties and remarkable effects of the dopant. Our investigations and discussions were conducted to reveal our synthesized materials ability for optoelectronic applications such as solar cell and light emitting diodes devices.


This paper analyses natural terms of the formation of wind-sand landforms,and discusses the law of type and distribution of the wind-sand landforms,the characters of the wind-sand action,the law of dune moving,and the process of the wind-sand landforms forming and evolving in the region.There are barchan dunes,complex barchan-chains,complex dune-chains,scale-dunes,pyramid-dunes in the region.The changes of wind direction and nature terms in the region are influence on the figure,distribution,formation of the dune.The authors believe that the sand formed by wind in the region comes from sediments carried by rivers.Sediments are blew,carried,and settled again by the wind.Finally,they become sand formed by the wind.Showed by the geological record,the desert started in the middle Pleistocene.In the history,large-scale desert formed gradually.


The article presents the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness and portability of Leflunomide, which is appointed for the patients with psoriatic arthritis (PA) in dose 100 mg for a day in 3 days and 20 mg for a day in 6 months. 24 patients in the age from 32 till 60 years (middle age 46,5±5,6 year) with prescription of disease from 6 months till 10 years was surveyed. Leflunomide was appointed on 100 mg for a day in the first 3 days, and then 20 mg for a day during 6 months. The dynamics of number of the painful and inflamed joints, expressivenesses of a pain and activity of disease was estimated on a visually-analog scale and Likert scale as in opinion of the doctor, and the patient. During the treatment by leflunomide the authentic reduction of number of painful and the inflamed joints was observed, high efficiency of leflunomide by criteria PsARC (Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria) and ACR 50 (American College of Rheumatology) was noted, which allows to recommend it to the patients with the articulate form of disease. The evaluation of leflunomide is estimated as satisfactory. High efficiency of leflunomide at patients with PA was shown.


Objective To investigate the effects of two formulations of artesunate,and to provide evidence for the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.Methods We searched The Cochrane Library(2006,Issue 4),MEDLINE( 1966 to 2007),EMbase(1988 to 2007),CBM(1978 to 2007), VIP(1989 to 2007)and CNKI(1994 to 2007).Randomised trials comparing the two formulations of artesunate with other drugs were el igible for inclusion.We appl ied the methods of The Cochrane Collaboration to assess the effects of artesunate, compared to placebo and active controls.Results Eleven trials were included,of which 6 compared intravenous artesunate with intravenous quinine.The qual ity of each study was high,6 out of the 11 studies were graded A according to the criteria of The Cochrane Collaboration.The other 5 were graded B.The meta-analysis suggested that the mortal ity rate was lower in the intravenous artesunate group than in the intravenous quinine group[RR 0.65,95%CI(0.52,0.80), P0.0001].Three trials compared intravenous artesunate with artemisinin suppositories.These trials generated similar estimates and confidence intervals for mortality rates,showing no significant difference between the two treatments[0.94 (0.35 to 2.56),0.58(0.19 to 1.74)and 2.00(0.39 to 10.26)]. Two trials compared intravenous artesunate and intramuscular artesunate,and no significant difference in mortal ity rate was identified between the two treatment groups[RR 1.50,95%CI 0.52 to 4.31].Mortality rates were not statistically significantly different for intravenous artesunate compared to alternative drugs.No significant adverse drug reactions were observed. Conclusions Artesunate is effective and safe in the treatment of severe malaria.


Abstract : Objectives of this demonstration/validation project were to determine whether the Snap Sampler passive ground water sampling device can provide: 1) technically defensible analytical data for the wide spectrum of analytes that are of concern to the Department of Defense and 2) substantial cost savings over currently used ground water sampling methods. This particular demonstration was conducted at the former McClellan Air Force Base in Sacramento, CA. Ten wells were sampled using the Snap Sampler, low-flow purging and sampling, and the dialysis (or regenerated cellulose) membrane passive sampler. Analytes included dissolved and total inorganics (including nonmetal anions, metalloids, and metals), and four Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) (including three chlorinated solvents and methyl tert-butyl ether [MTBE]). Analyte concentrations in samples collected with the two passive sampling methods were compared with concentrations found in samples collected using low-flow sampling. Cost analyses were also conducted to compare the cost of conducting quarterly sampling on a similar site with 50 wells using the three sampling methods.


For 2,000 tons of magnesium alloy die casting GeLin-Bolted Joint,the stress state of original design is accomplished by the finite element method,and then design optimization for Gelin-Bolted Joint are completed by ANSYS design optimization tool with both Bevel Nut and Tapered Lip Nut basing on stress distribution and fracture failure.


Between June 1968 and September 1969 36 UBV observations were made of the well-known eclipsing binary ß Lyrae. It is anticipated that this will be the first in a series of papers presenting similar observations, since a homogeneous set of such UBV observations made over a long period of time should be useful in understanding the secular changes which have been reported in the light curve of ß Lyr. Surprisingly, no such UBV observations have been reported since the 1959 international campaign coordinated by Larsson-Leander (1969). The observations were obtained by one of us (L.P.L.) with his 10inch//13 Cassegrain reflector located in Chagrin Falls, Ohio. An unrefrigerated 1P21 photomultiplier was used with the cathode at — 750 volts. The amplifier is similar to that described by Rakosch (1963), and its output was displayed on a Heath-Malmstadt strip chart recorder. The filters used to reproduce the UBV system were OG4A, BG12 + GG13, and UG5. The transformation to the UBV system was determined by observing a total of eleven standard stars on three different nights. The resulting transformation coefficients were € = 0.08, p = 0.97, and ifj = 1.35, where symbols are as defined by Hardie (1962). In each case the uncertainty is about ± 0.05. The observations of ß Lyr were made differentially with respect to y Lyr. The average air mass was less than X = 1.3. For sim-


The six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have long been peripheral in Middle Eastern Studies. Since the Gulf War in 1990/1991, however, the literature on the wealthy region has proliferated. This book by Sean Foley provides a new look at the region's history from about 1920 until the present. As the title suggests, Foley promotes an understanding of Gulf societies beyond the common focus on the politics of Islam and petroleum production (as in F. Gregory Gause III, Oil Monarchies: Domestic and Security Challenges in the Arab Gulf States (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1994)). To this end, he develops four arguments. First, the GCC states have faced many of the same political and socioeconomic challenges that non-Muslim and oil-importing nations have experienced. Foley, however, does not compare the GCC to specific Arab and non-Arab nations. Second, many of the challenges that Gulf countries face in the twenty-first century predate the rise of the region's oil industry from the 1930s onwards. Third, non-Sunnis, non-Muslims, non-Arabs and women have made tangible contributions to the region's societies. Fourth, technological change has had an important impact on life and politics in the Gulf region. Foley's arguments are reflected in the structure of his book. Rather than following a strict chronological order, the book's sections are dedicated to themes. Three core chapters deal with the development of telecommunications, women and gender, as well as religious and ethnic minorities. The book also includes an introductory chapter on the Gulf's political and economic history between 1930 and 1981 and another general chapter on the region's political challenges in the twenty-first century. One of the greatest strengths of Foley's work is its detailed account of many aspects of Gulf history that have frequently been unrecognised or ignored. Here, he draws on rare primary sources such as the William E. Mulligan Papers at Georgetown University, which comprise hundreds of reports by the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco). The aspects studied by Foley include the considerable tolerance towards non-Muslims until the 1980s and again in recent years. US missionaries provided through their schools and hospitals vital services inexistent in Bahrain, the UAE, Saudi Arabia and elsewhere until the second half of the twentieth century. Jews had lived as Saudi nationals in the southern town of Najran for many years until they left for Israel in the 1950s. In the Aramco compound in Dhahran in eastern Saudi Arabia, Catholic and Protestant clergymen held regular masses over decades and with the knowledge of the authorities. BOOK REVIEWS


ABSTRACT The present study reports the treatment carried out in a patient with mandibular second premolar agenesis associated with early loss of a deciduous second molar, deep overbite, severe overjet and dentoalveolar bimaxillary protrusion, which led to lip incompetence and a convex facial profile. The main objectives of this treatment were: to eliminate the spaces in mandibular arch, correct overbite, as well as eliminate bimaxillary protrusion and lip incompetence, thus leading to a balanced profile. The case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requirements to obtain the title of BBO diplomate.


Study of insulator surface charge accumulation and its suppression is one of the key technologies in developing HVDC gas-insulated switchgear. A new type of capacitive probe with good performance is developed for measuring insulator surface charge distribution, and effects of the polarity, amplitude, and time duration of the applied voltage on surface charge accumulation are studied. Experimental results show that the average charge density increases with the increase of the amplitude and time duration of the applied voltage, and surface charge distribution is closely related with the polarity of the applied voltage, morever, methods of charge accumulation suppression are discussed.


Given that most commodity transportation depends on the maritime industry, the growing economy and increasing international trade volume are expected to accelerate the development of shipping activities and thus increase associated CO2 emissions. In order to identify the driving factors of CO2 emissions from China's international shipping and find efficient mitigation strategies, this paper first estimates the CO2 emissions and presents the CO2 emissions features from 2000 to 2017. Second, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method is applied to decompose the changes in CO2 emissions. Finally, the decoupling index is introduced to quantitatively examine the decoupling relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The factors affecting the decoupling relationship are analyzed according to the LMDI results. The results indicate that CO2 emissions in maritime transport activities have experienced rapid growth during the study period. Economic growth appears to be the principal factor driving the CO2 emissions growth, whereas the overall effects of energy intensity and the commodity structure play a significant role in inhibiting CO2 emissions. The decoupling state over the study period has experienced four decoupling stages, with a distinct tendency towards weak decoupling. Economic activity has proven to be the most significant indicator influencing the decoupling relationship during the study period.


All psychiatric patients staying in hospital‐supervised boarding homes, and a random sample of 50 long‐stay patients in the wards of the only mental hospital in Newfoundland were surveyed to determine if certain premorbid factors predispose to institutionalism ('institutional neurosis'). Three hundred and twenty‐four patients were examined. Low intelligence, poor education and disabilities in hearing, speech, locomotion and manual dexterity, were significantly associated with institutionalism. Extremes of age on first admission, celibacy, low occupational status in the patient, or his father, and visual disability did not prove to be associated with institutionalism. In conclusion: institutionalism may be found among patients in boarding homes; some patients are more susceptible to institutionalism than others; and institutionalism tends to be associated with those biological or social handicaps which affect communication and activity of the patient.


Taking the models of the diabetic mice induced by adrenalin and alloxan,the different part and extracting substance of Jindenglong were screened out for the decreasing blood glucose effect.The index of blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method.It is indicated that the effective faction with the decreasing blood gluose effect are substance,being extracted in water and precipitated in the alcohol solution from fruit of Jindenglong. Author's address:1.Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040,China;2.Harbin General Medicine Company,Harbin 150010,China


A theoretical approach is presented for accurately estimating the delay yield of CMOS digital circuits when inter-die and intra-die variations are considered. Where this estimate is required to be of greater accuracy, a criterion is presented to determine the minimum number of paths that should be analysed by Monte Carlo simulation to achieve the required accuracy.


There is a theoretical limitation for the noise matching in an optical receiver between a field effect transistor in the input stage and the photodiode. This theoretical limitation is compared with values of realizable matching networks. It is shown that the power spectral density of the equivalent photocurrent noise can be reduced significantly by a simple series inductance. The use of more complex matching networks yields only a small improvement. Furthermore, a lower frequency bound for the use of transmission lines in matching networks is given


Concave-down green space is a simple rainfall collection technique in urban setting.It has advantages such as simplicity,low investment and high efficiency.The storage and infiltration efficiency can be improved with increases of the depth of concave and the area of green space.According to the actual situation in Tianjin City,the experimental tests and theoretical calculations suggested that the depression depth should be 100 mm in the environmental setting of Tianjin City.With 30% green space rate,the storage-infiltration efficiency could reach up to 70% for the storms with recurrence interval of 1 or 2 years,which will reduce the flow peak and at the same time,minimize effectively the water demands of green oases and increase ground-water resources.


This 103-item bibliography includes published and unpublished research reports and theoretical papers concerned with the influence of masking noise and rhythmic stimulation on stuttering.


effect not any antibacterial vitro, but changes in the microbiome of the duct ligated rats observed when in vivo . Although the significance of these changes clear, the data indicated that alterations to the micro-environment, induced by Yaq-001, change the gut microbial flora 112 . Preliminary studies in rodents with NAFLD show a marked reduction in steatosis and hepatic inflammation 112 . These early observations provide the first indications of the potential of this non-antibiotic, adsorptive strategy. Clinical trials of Yaq-001 are being implemented as a part of the European Commission Horizon 2020 programme (carbalive.eu). As Yaq-001 is regulated as a device in Europe, a safety and performance study is being performed, which should lead to a CE-mark (CARBALIVE-SAFETY) 113 . Two further efficacy studies are then planned. The first is in patients with cirrhosis, and acute decompensation (PREVENT-ACLF). The main endpoint of this study looks to determine whether the administration the recurrence of cirrhosis-related complications and the associated hospitalisation. The second efficacy study is planned in patients with NAFLD (TREAT-NAFLD). As Yaq-001 is a non-specific adsorbent, novel delivery methods are being developed to prevent potentially deleterious effects resulting from binding of essential nutrients and drugs.


This thesis focuses on the studies of N-heterocyclic carbnene (NHC)-coordinated main group element fragments and their low oxidation state chemistry. In addition to NHCs, other neutral ligands were utilized, such as carbodiphosphoranes (CDPs) and N-heterocyclic silylenes (NHSis), as well as anionic, N-donor ligands, diazabutadienes (DABs) and amidinates.


Unlike in most previous partial video copy detection (PVCD) algorithms, where reference videos are scanned one by one, we treat the PVCD as a video search/retrieval problem. We propose a fast partial video copy detection framework in this paper. In this framework, all frame CNN features of the reference videos are organized in a KNN searchable database. Instead of scanning all reference videos, the query video segment does a fast KNN search in the global feature database. The returned results are used to generate a shortlist of candidate videos. A modified temporal network is then used to localize the copy segment in the candidate videos. Furthermore, We propose to use a transformer encoder to improve the CNN feature. We evaluate our algorithm on the VCDB dataset. Our benchmark F1 scores exceed state-of-the-art by a big margin. The speed of our algorithm is also improved significantly.


This paper investigates the dual nature of literary communication as representing fictional identities and interactions, while at the same time, constituting definitions of self and other in the communication between real authors and readers. The main theoretical framework for this paper's argument is the theory of communication developed and presented by Watzlawick, Bavelas, and Jackson (1967), in their groundbreaking study "Pragmatics of Human Communication". In the following, their theory of communication is used as a means of situating literature as an interface between the poles of cognition and construction: a field where definitions of identity can be posited and mediated in the interaction between "the only sub-universe...within which we can establish communication with our fellow-men" (Embree, 1998, p. 51), and finite provinces of meaning created by the literary imagination.


Yawning gaps in bargaining powers between transacting parties have always been a source of concern in commercial relations and the legal governance of such relations. In modern times, the likely implications of gaps in bargaining powers are not only palpable as it concerns the affairs of transacting parties with weaker bargaining powers, but also on the welfare of society, at large. That is particularly so in this milieu of pervasive oligopolistic market structures, organised commercial networks, digitisation, and big data. The imperative to guard against the use of contractually agreed remedial clauses to consolidate market power and as tools for wealth extraction is the concern of this article. To this end, this article makes a case for a recalibration of the rule against penalties in contract law.


Neutral gas density has been measured in both the source and sample regions of an axial electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma device. The measurements involved sampling with a small tube to an external capacitance manometer. The gas density in the central ECR region was found to be strongly dependent on the applied power and to decrease approximately linearly with discharge power. At the maximum applied power of 1250 W, and at an Ar pressure of 0.7 mTorr, the gas density was reduced to 14% of its preplasma value, indicative of significant gas heating and rarefaction. This is equivalent to a gas temperature of 2500 K (0.2 eV), which is consistent with reported Doppler broadening optical emission measurements. At the sample region, approximately 35 cm from the ECR region, the gas density was reduced by gas heating to only 85% of its preplasma value. The electron density was measured in the ECR region by means of a commercial microwave interferometer device. Electron densities, integrated across the widt...


This paper presents results of a single flight around London, comparing two techniques for evaluating emissions from the aircraft measurements. First, the authors apply Lagrangian modelling methodology to simulate the expected CO2, CH4 and CO mole fractions at each aircraft sampling location based on the UK NAEI inventory. The simulated values are compared with observations to evaluate the accuracy of the NAEI for each species. Second, the authors use the well-established mass balance method. They compare the two methods and argue that the Lagrangian modelling technique is more appropriate, particularly for a location like London where emissions outside of the


High proportions of 3x hybrids were obtained from crosses of 4x highly sexual seed parents by 2x pollen parents in Citrus. This is in contrast to the low proportions usually obtained with 4x partly apomictic cultivars as seed parents, or with 4x plants used as pollen parents. Initial survival of small germinating seeds and very young seedlings was low but later growth vigor has been high. Ten 4x and 9 aneuploid (near 3x) plants were identified.


This study aimed to describe the correlation between water quality, phytoplankton abundance, and diversity in Balikpapan Bay, where the Indonesian government plans to move the national capital city. Observations were


In this paper we study the boundedness of weighted Hardy operators Hα u and Hα u in local "complementary" generalized variable exponent weighted Morrey spaces {M p(·),ω,ϕ {0} , characterized by variable exponent p(x), a general function ω(r) and a weight ϕ. We also study the boundedness of the commutators of Hα u and Hα u in the spaces {M p(·),ω,ϕ {0} .


We present a new approach to the automated classification of document-level argument stance, a relatively under-researched sub-task of Sentiment Analysis. In place of the noisy online debate data currently used in stance classification research, a corpus of student essays annotated for essay-level stance is constructed for use in a series of classification experiments. A novel set of features designed to capture the stance, stance targets, and topical relationships between the essay prompt and the student's essay is described. Models trained on this feature set showed significant increases in accuracy relative to two high baselines.


This paper describes a means by which a scene can be split into named subparts, and these subparts can interact to produce an interpretation which is a description of the objects present in the scene. The procedure is in two parts - a set of labels is assigned to each element of the scene, and these sets are decreased in size by examining the allowable relationships between named elements. An application of the procedure to the domain of surfaces produced by the ranger at Edinburgh University is presented.


We describe the preparation and use of two new imidazolium-bound Rose Bengal derivatives for singlet oxy- gen generation. Photolysis of oxygen-saturated solution of furan rings in the presence of the imidazolium-bound sensitiz- ers provides the corresponding butenolides. The sensitizers could be recovered after the oxidation reaction.


Ornithine is known to be an intermediate metabolite in arginine biosynthesis and, also belongs to the glutamic acid family from confirmation in various microorganisms by isotopic experiments" 2) Two synthetic pathways of ornithine have been discovered. One of these involves the direct reduction of the carboxyl group of glutamic acid and the transamination to form ornithine, as known in the case of Neurospora, Torula, and probably of mammals. The equilibrium of the transamination between ornithine and glutamic acid is known to exist far in the formation of glutamic acid~3~. Thus, the organism concerned in this study has little possibility to assume this pathway, since a large amount of ornithine and a small amount of a-ketoglutaric acid could be accumulated in the medium by this organism as reported in the preceding paper~4~. In E. coli, N-acetylglutamic acid** and some other N-acetyl compounds may be precursors of ornithine, as elucidated by Vogel and his coworkers~2~. In this paper, a citrulline requiring mutant strain of Micrococcus glutamicus, which accumulates a large amount of L-ornithine~3~, has been shown to assume a biosynthetic pathway of ornithine rather similar to that in E. coli. One apparent difference noted is that acetylornithinase which has a hydrolytic action on Ac-Orn in E. coli does not exist in this organism.


epidural anesthesia in this elderly population. However, the authors were quick to point out that they still encourage use of an epidural as part of postoperative analgesia in their own radical cystectomy cases, recognizing that there may be increased risks in older adults. They also stress the individualized nature of care requirements in this setting. They note that additional high quality research is needed, particularly in geriatric patients.


The patient whose case forms the basis of this article, is the elder of twin boys, born June 30, 1893. This was the mother's third confinement. The labor was normal. The delivery of No. 1 was retarded by vertex presentation. He preceded his brother by forty minutes, weighed eight pounds, and No. 2 weighed nine pounds. No. 1 cried lustily and to all appearances was as strong and vigorous as No. 2. He was warmly wrapped in flannel and placed on his right side. After the third stage of labor was completed, and the mother was made comfortable, as I had but the assistance of an untrained nurse I looked after the children. I found the nurse bathing No. 2, and No. 1 lying as he had been placed at birth, but he had become blue and the extremities cold. In an hour's time by the application of dry heat


Abstract Aim: Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is a good source of bromelain (B) and also contain peroxidase. The objective of this study is isoaltion of bromelain plus peroxidase (BP) from the pineapple fruit to evaluate the anticancer activity of BP from the pineapple fruit of Tripura, compared to commercial bromelain against ascitic Dalton's lymphoma cells (DLA) in mice. Methods: By acetone precipitation BP was isolated from the pineapple. Animals bearing DLA, receive B and BP orally for 15 alternative days. Apoptotic proteins are assayed using western blot. Results: BP treated mice showed recover of hemoglobin and WBC count compared to control lymphoma animal. The animal showed significant reduction of body weight due to reduced tunor load and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, elevated levels of vitamin C and vitamin E and other antioxidants in blood after BP treatment. Histology of liver and kidney also shows restored architecture in BP treated animal compared to only B treated group. BP treatment upregulates the cytochrome C, BAD, and BAX protein and downregulates the Bcl-2 and NF-kβ occuring upon BP treatment in the DLA cells collected from lymphoma animal. This induce the apoptosis of DLA cells in lymphoma animal and reduce the tumor load. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that BP from pineapple improves the survival of the induced lymphoma animal compared to only B which may be used as therapeutic target.


IFN- (cid:1) , a novel type I IFN that possesses immunomodulatory properties, lacks toxicity normally associated with other type I IFNs. We examined the effects of oral IFN- (cid:1) alone and in combination with oral glatiramer acetate in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). By comparison of oral administration of IFN- (cid:2) , - (cid:3) , and - (cid:1) to myelin basic protein-specific TCR-transgenic mice, we demonstrate these type I IFNs promote secretion of the Th2 cytokine IL-10 with similar efficiency. Whereas IFN- (cid:2) and - (cid:3) induced IFN- (cid:4) secretion, a Th1 cytokine, IFN- (cid:1) did not. Oral IFN- (cid:1) alone suppressed EAE. When suboptimal doses were administered orally in combination to wild-type mice, IFN- (cid:1) and glatiramer acetate had a synergistic beneficial effect in suppression of EAE. This combination was associated with TGF- (cid:3) secretion and enhanced IL-10 production. Thus, IFN- (cid:1) is a potential candidate for use as a single agent or in combination therapy for multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169: 2231–2235.


A computer-controlled, continuous-flow system was designed for the deposition of compound semiconductor thin films via electrochemical atomic-layer epitaxy (ECALE). ECALE consists of the alternate underpotential deposition (UPD) of two or more elements to form a compound. Solutions containing the precursor for each UPD layer must be delivered to the electrochemical cell in a sequential fashion with intermediate rinses to avoid unwanted bulk codeposition. An effort has been made to optimize various design parameters including electrochemical cell geometry, solution flow rate, electrodeposition potentials, and deposition- and rinse-step duration. Albeit a prototype, our current design constitutes a significant improvement toward the development of a practically viable ECALE deposition system. Some of the features of our design that may be relevant to the eventual practical use of ECALE include the minimization of the time required for each deposition step, minimization of cell volume and consequently the amount of precursors used, and the ability to maintain potential control throughout the process in order to safeguard the integrity of the deposits. Deposition of CdTe at 30 nm/h at a flow rate of 500 μL/s in a ca. 500 μL cell is reported. Circular films with 13 mm diam were produced. The thickness of the films was relatively uniform within a 3-3.5 mm radius from the center, getting markedly thinner and less uniform outside that area. Preliminary characterization of the films using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicates that stoichiometric growth is achieved. Scanning electron micrographs suggest that the morphology of the films follows the morphology of the underlying vacuum-evaporated gold substrate. Transmission electron micrographs revealed atomically ordered domains in the 10-100 nm size range. Further improvements in the geometry of the electrochemical cell are required to optimize the solution flow inside the cell.


The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) is currently the state of the art in the description of neutral electronic excitations in both solids and large finite systems. It is capable of accurately treating charge-transfer excitations that present difficulties for simpler approaches. We present a local basis set formulation of the BSE for molecules where the optical spectrum is computed with the iterative Haydock recursion scheme, leading to a low computational complexity and memory footprint. Using a variant of the algorithm we can go beyond the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. We rederive the recursion relations for general matrix elements of a resolvent, show how they translate into continued fractions, and study the convergence of the method with the number of recursion coefficients and the role of different terminators. Due to the locality of the basis functions the computational cost of each iteration scales asymptotically as $O({N}^{3})$ with the number of atoms, while the number of iterations typically is much lower than the size of the underlying electron-hole basis. In practice we see that, even for systems with thousands of orbitals, the runtime will be dominated by the $O({N}^{2})$ operation of applying the Coulomb kernel in the atomic orbital representation.


The importance of upland groundwater systems in providing a medium for nitrogen transformations and processes along flow paths is investigated within the Afon Gwy moorland catchment, Plynlimon, mid-Wales. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was found to be the most abundant form of dissolved nitrogen (N) in most soils and groundwaters, accounting for between 47 and 72% of total dissolved nitrogen in shallow groundwater samples and up to 80% in deeper groundwaters. A significant correlation between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DON in the shallow groundwater system suggests that during the autumn and winter months the flux of DON from the soil zone may be regulated by the wetting up and release of soil organic matter. DON needs to be taken into account when considering catchment N balances otherwise N export from upland catchments could be significantly underestimated. DON may also be an important source of bio-available N in surface waters and marine systems fed by upland catchments. A conceptual model of N processes is proposed based on a detailed study along a transect of nested boreholes and soil suction samplers within the interfluve zone. Shallow groundwater N speciation reflects the soil N speciation implying a rapid transport mechanism and good connectivity between the soil and groundwater systems. Median dissolved inorganic N concentrations were an order of magnitude lower within the soil zone (10-25 mg/L-N) than in the shallow groundwaters (100-750 mg/L-N). Given the rapid hydrostatic response of the groundwater level within the soil zone, the shallow groundwater system is both a source and sink for dissolved N. Results from dissolved N2O, N2/Ar ratios and dissolved N chemistry suggests that microbial N transformations (denitrification) may play an important role in controlling the spatial variation in soil and groundwater N speciation. Reducing conditions within the groundwater and saturated soils of the wet-flush zones on the lower hillslopes, a result of relatively impermeable drift deposits, are also important in controlling N speciation and transformation processes. Science of the Total Environment version 0.2 Groundwater nitrogen transformations within a moorland catchment, mid-Wales D.J. Lapworth, P. Shand, C. Abesser, W.G. Darling, A.H. Haria, C.D. Evans aBritish Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK bCentre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Orton Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UP, UK *Corresponding author. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com Present address: CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia Abstract The importance of upland groundwater systems in providing a medium for nitrogen transformations and processes along flow paths is investigated within the Afon Gwy moorland catchment, Plynlimon, mid-Wales. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was found to be the most abundant form of dissolved nitrogen (N) in most soils and groundwaters, accounting for between 47 and 72% of total dissolved nitrogen in shallow groundwater samples and up to 80% in deeper groundwaters. A significant correlation between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DON in the shallow groundwater system suggests that during the autumn and winter months the flux of DON from the soil zone may be regulated by the wetting up and release of soil organic matter. DON needs to be taken into account when considering catchment N balances otherwise N export from upland catchments could be significantly underestimated. DON may also be an important source of bio-available N in surface waters and marine systems fed by upland catchments. A conceptual model of N processes is proposed based on a detailed study along a transect of nested boreholes and soil suction samplers within the interfluve zone. Shallow groundwater N speciation reflects the soil N speciation implying a rapid transport mechanism and good connectivity between the soil and groundwater systems. Median dissolved inorganic N concentrations were an order of magnitude lower within the soil zone (10–25 μg/L-N) than in the * Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: STOTEN.doc Science of the Total Environment version 0.2 shallow groundwaters (100–750 μg/L-N). Given the rapid hydrostatic response of the groundwater level within the soil zone, the shallow groundwater system is both a source and sink for dissolved N. Results from dissolved N2O, N2/Ar ratios and dissolved N chemistry suggests that microbial N transformations (denitrification) may play an important role in controlling the spatial variation in soil and groundwater N speciation. Reducing conditions within the groundwater and saturated soils of the wet-flush zones on the lower hillslopes, a result of relatively impermeable drift deposits, are also important in controlling N speciation and transformation processes.


(1) Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Periglacial Research, Potsdam, Germany (email@example.com, +49 331 2882137), (2) Moscow State University, Department of the Geography of Soils, Moscow, Russia, (3) Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Palaeoecology, Potsdam, Germany , (4) University of Potsdam, Department for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, (5) Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Department of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald, Germany, (6) Yakutsk State University, Department of Ecology, Yakutsk, Russia, (7) University of Hamburg, Department of Soil Science, Hamburg, Germany, (8) State Pedagogical Herzen-University, Department of Geography, St. Petersburg, Russia, (9) Moscow State University, Department of Geocryology, Moscow, Russia


The nature of contact between human skin and external object (such as medical device, personal care device, fabric and so on) significantly influences the tactile perception and/or the functionality of the object. The contact mechanics depends strongly on the indenter properties and the mechanical properties of skin. Further, the topmost layer i.e., stratum corneum plays the most important role in tactile perception. In this study we use a representative volume element (RVE) based FEM model including the four layers of skin - stratum corneum, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis - to simulate the contact mechanics between skin and a spherical indenter. The RVE model captures the mechanical properties of the microscopic constituents of the stratum corneum, which is the topmost layer of skin. We found that the RVE model can be used to simulate a variety of stratum corneum conditions (for example, dry and wet stratum corneum) and compositions. Using the RVE model in conjunction with an FEM model, we compute the frictional stress between skin and an indenter, as a function of stratum corneum microstructure, indentation depth, and local coefficient of friction. Both, the RVE model and the contact mechanics model predictions show good qualitative agreement with experimental findings in literature. Such studies will be very useful in in-silico design and optimization of devices that interact with skin. The current framework gives control over several parameters like skin microstructure, indenter or skin geometry and hence can be used to augment/substitute experimental testing.


Software developers need access to different kinds of information which is often dispersed among different documentation sources, such as API documentation or Stack Overflow. We present an approach to automatically augment API documentation with "insight sentences" from Stack Overflow -- sentences that are related to a particular API type and that provide insight not contained in the API documentation of that type. Based on a development set of 1,574 sentences, we compare the performance of two state-of-the-art summarization techniques as well as a pattern-based approach for insight sentence extraction. We then present SISE, a novel machine learning based approach that uses as features the sentences themselves, their formatting, their question, their answer, and their authors as well as part-of-speech tags and the similarity of a sentence to the corresponding API documentation. With SISE, we were able to achieve a precision of 0.64 and a coverage of 0.7 on the development set. In a comparative study with eight software developers, we found that SISE resulted in the highest number of sentences that were considered to add useful information not found in the API documentation. These results indicate that taking into account the meta data available on Stack Overflow as well as part-of-speech tags can significantly improve unsupervised extraction approaches when applied to Stack Overflow data.


Isopropenyl isocyanate was copolymerised with methyl acrylate and styrene. The reactivity ratios r1 and r2 are calculated: methyl acrylate — isopropenyl isocyanate r1 = 0.8r2 = 0.08. styrene — isopropenyl isocyanate r1 — 7r2 — 0.14.

These results are discussed according to the theory of Alfrey and Price. The isocyanate group acts as an electron donor. This is in agreement with the mesomeric structures usually assigned to the aliphatic isocyanates.


Introduction Odontogeic myxoma (OM) is a benign tumour which usually occurs in the jaw. Histologically, this tumour is composed of spindle to stellateshaped cells embedded in an abundant myucoid/myxoid stroma containing only a few collagen fibrils scattered throughout the tumour. We herein report a rare case of OM which showed, as unusual feature, the presence of numerous keloidal-like collagen fibres, some of which containing calcifications. Case report A 50-year-old male came to our institutions for the evaluation of posterior maxillary swelling. The lesion had been presented for six months and had gradually increased in size. After radiographic examination, the presumptive diagnosis of odontogenic cyst or nonodontogenic tumour was proposed. Conclusion Awareness of these features is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis with other fibro-myxoid tumours. Differential diagnosis is discussed. The authors suggest that cases of OM with a significant component of collagenous fibres should be better named "odontogenic myxofibromas".


A Flit transmission method on chip and a Flit transmission device on chip are disclosed. The method includes: receiving the current data fragment (Flit) which contains an operation identification (Op ID), an operation type (Op Type) and data payload (Payload); when it is determined that the current Flit requires accelerated processing, based on the Op Type, determining whether the Payload of the current Flit would affect the execution result on the destination node of the current Flit, and the execution result is the result acquired via executing the task corresponding to the Op ID by the destination node; if yes, forwarding the current Flit to the next node; else discarding the current Flit. With the present invention, the number of the Flit required to be transmitted over network on chip would be sharply reduced, also the operating quantity of the destination node would be reduced.


Physical impairments originating from optical fiber components and intermediate switching nodes can be the dominant reason calls are blocked in wide-area all-optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. When a centralized network controller is used, estimating the impact of the physical impairments on the quality of a lightpath before provisioning it can cause a significant delay. In this paper, quality of service aware wavelength assignment algorithms are proposed that consider both bit-error rate (BER) and latency constraints. A novel wavelength assignment technique called wavelength ordering is shown via simulation to reduce the call blocking probability resulting from both physical impairments and excessive processing delay caused by channel BER estimation.


Abstract The genomic relationships between octoploid and decaploid Thinopyrum ponticum were determined by computer-aided karyotype analysis. All the chromosome pairs of the octoploid race can be matched with those of the decaploid chromosome race. Four chromosome pairs that were recognized as marker chromosomes in octoploid and decaploid T. ponticum were almost identical. It is suggested that the two chromosome races of T. ponticum are segmental allopolyploids with genome designations J j J j J e J e and J j J j J j J e J e . Genome designations J j and J e represent the same genome but with structural differentiation. Phylogenetic relationships between Thinopyrum species may be indicated by the presence or absence and type of marker chromosomes in the different species.


In n-of-1 clinical trials to determine whether perceived drug side effects are truly drug related, participants receive several courses of an active


The Water quality of Ashwani Khad, a drinking water resource for Shimla city was studied to find out it's suitability for drinking purposes since this stream is receiving treated sewage effluent from a nearby Sewage Treatment Plant. The sewage contaminated water had caused Hepatitis A outbreak in the city few years ago. This for the first time created a hue and cry among the people leading to a constant monitoring of the water quality of Ashwani Khad since this water is directly being used for drinking purposes in the study area. Fifteen water quality parameters were tested for 26 water samples along the stream both in pre and post monsoon seasons in April 2013 and October 2013 respectively. These included pH, EC, TDS, BOD, COD, hardness, alkalinity, nitrates, phosphates, fluoride, sulphates and chlorides. The pH, EC and TDS were evaluated in the field while the other parameters were evaluated in the laboratory. The higher values of few parameters especially the BOD and COD in the water samples indicated that the water is not suitable for drinking purposes and needs certain levels of purification techniques to make it suitable for drinking purposes. The results also revealed that the Sewage Treatment Plant is not working effectively as the effluents were highly contaminated. Keywords: Water, Sewage, Pollution, Shimla, Sewage Treatment Plant, Ashwani Khad


We report the results of a picture-selection experiment in Tagalog that examined (i) whether the object relative clauses (ORCs) were more difficult to process than subject relative clauses (SRCs) and (ii) if so, whether the relative order of the head noun and the RC modulated this asymmetry. We found that ORCs were more difficult to process than SRCs when the RC was head-initial. This asymmetry was neutralized, however, when the RC was head-final. Even though the participants' selection ultimately showed neutralization, we found evidence for an asymmetry in how quickly they offered correct responses.


A leakage inductance adjustment transformer comprises a winding frame, an iron core set and a leakage inductance adjustment portion, wherein the winding frame comprises a first winding portion, a first threaded portion, a second winding portion and a second threaded portion, wherein a first coil can be wound on the first winding portion, and a second coil can be wound on the second winding portion. The leakage inductance adjustment portion is arranged between the first winding portion and the second winding portion, the leakage induction adjustment portion comprises a first adjustment portion, a second adjustment portion and a separation distance, wherein the first adjustment portion is connected with the first threaded portion in a screwed mode so that the first adjustment portion can move along the first threaded portion, the second adjustment portion is connected with the second threaded portion in a screwed mode so that the second adjustment portion can move along the second threaded portion, the separation distance is arranged between the first adjustment portion and the second adjustment portion and determines the coupling ratio of the first coil and the second coil according to the size of the displacement change of the first adjustment portion and the size of the displacement change of the second adjustment portion. Therefore, leakage inductance can be adjusted under the condition that the length of the winding frame and the length of the iron core set are not changed.


Correlation in extended systems can be treated by pairing spin orbitals which are occupied in the restricted Hartree-Fock scheme with virtual ones. The structure of the paired spin orbitals is analysed and specialised for each one of the eight classes in Fukutome's classification of general Hartree-Fock spin orbitals.