The research on adult female performance has produced startlingly consistent results; Variations in school expenditures are not systematically related to variations in student performance. Enormous differences in teaching materials, amount of teaching experience, or teaching in small classes, teacher's skill and how they handle female adult learners are strongly related to educational performance, These findings suggest that school decision making must move away from traditional "input directed" policies to ones providing performance incentives instead concentrate on improving the infrastructure and learning materials. The result of the study showed that most of the female adult learners belong to big families. Some parents are non-professional workers thus spend most of their time in watching television when they are at home. The student has good study habit and a neutral attitude towards education but the level of performance in subjects is still considered poor in all the learning spheres. There is significant correlation that exists in the level of performance of student with teacher-related factors such as the lighting system, space, period of learning (time) and what the female adult learners do for their living. Aremu (2000). It was also discovered that those women who are married and are supported by their husband do not pay much attention. From the findings it is recommended that; School career masters or counselor should be empowered to inculcate knowledge in girls so that the girls/women can know the importance of education rather than having children before completing school. Writing of GCE examination in June is recommended than having together with full time grade twelves. Finally, the periods (learning time) for G.C.E students should be increased. The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research ISSN: 3471-7102, ISBN: 978-9982-70-318-5 2 Paper-ID: CFP/973/2018 www.ijmdr.net ABBREVIATIONS F.A.W.E.Z.A – Forum for African women Education in Zambia F.I.M.S – Fist international mathematics studies. G.C.E General Certificate of Education. I.E.A International evaluation of education achievement. M.O.E Ministry of Education. N.A.E.P National assessment of education program. N.W.L.G National women's lobby Group. AGE Advancement of girl's education. S.I.M.S Second international mathematics studies. YALS Young adult literacy survey. YWCA Young women Christian association. ZARD Zambia association for research and development. 1.0. INTRODUCTION. Before independence and about fifteen years after independence the standard of Teaching in Zambia was very high. This was by quality products in all areas. Today the concern by stakeholders is that the standard has fallen down at all levels. The pass rate in most schools in different places of the country is low. This especially affects adult learners in GCE centers. Examination analysis of grade twelve results indicated that there is a problem (UNESCO, 1998). Some schools in Ndola district were constructed way back in colonial rule for instance Kansenshi Secondary school was constructed in 1953 and the school had both primary and secondary, it was called Liewlling High School and the first principal was Mr. Noel Roy and the second principal was Mr. R.J. Crawford, the school was heavily supported by British especially that the learners that time were mostly British. The numbers of pupils in classes were reasonably small the first form ones (1) were 72 students and in 1969 the first form fives (5) managed to attain a pass rate at 100%. The Zambian government by then had a full responsibility of funding schools inform of grant and provided support in terms of books, pencils and other learning materials were given for free. However, the G.C E. Centre became operational in the year 2002 and only fewer learners were enrolled. Though as at now the number is on the increase (KHS, 2000). The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research ISSN: 3471-7102, ISBN: 978-9982-70-318-5 3 Paper-ID: CFP/973/2018 www.ijmdr.net Chifubu secondary school was also constructed in 1962 by the World Bank and in same year it had enrolled 65 students as the first form ones (1) currently grade eight. Today the school has grown big with more than 4000 students from grade eight (8) to twelve (12). The tuition paying G.C E. Centre became operational in the year 2006 with only a few learners. The number of learners is also on the increase. (Chifubu Sec Sch Careers Master 2017) The research site is Ndola urban, which is the Provincial headquarters on the Copperbelt province in Zambia. Ndola urban has approximately ten secondary schools previously High schools of which two was picked in this study. These are Chifubu and Kansenshi secondary school G.C.E centers situated in the northern zone. The G.C.E centers have grades 10, 11 and 12. Learners comprise of both female and male young and adults who have either not done well at grade twelve and want to improve their results or just could not continue whilst at school because of financial or other problems. The research was based on the performance of GCE learners for the past three years. The research was also extended to the current adult learners. However, the researches interest was particularly in the female adult learners. (Mwimba .C, 2017) Performance in this sense is referred to how people especially students fair in academic circles the description cannot be complete without mentioning the term Intelligence, it is a term usually referring to a general mental capability to reason, solve problems, think abstractly, learn and understand new material, and profit from past experience (Cole G.A. 2006). Intelligence can be measured by many different kinds of tasks. Likewise, this ability is expressed in many aspects of a person's life. Intelligence draws on a variety of mental processes, including memory, learning, perception, decisionmaking, thinking, and reasoning. (Aremu, O.A. 2003). Most people have an intuitive notion of what intelligence is, and many words in the English language distinguish between different levels of intellectual skill: bright, dull, smart, stupid, clever, slow, and so on. Yet no universally accepted definition of intelligence exists, and people continue to debate what, exactly, it is. Fundamental questions remain: Is intelligence one general ability or several independent systems of abilities? Is intelligence a property of the brain, a characteristic of behavior, or a set of knowledge and skills? (Adya, M., & Kaiser, K.M 2005). The simplest definition proposed is that intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure. But this definition does not characterize the ability well, and it has several problems. First, it is circular: The tests are assumed to verify the existence of intelligence, which in turn is measurable by the tests. Second, many different intelligence tests exist, and they do not all measure the same thing. In fact, the makers of the first intelligence tests did not begin with a precise idea of what they wanted to measure. Finally, the definition says very little about the The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research ISSN: 3471-7102, ISBN: 978-9982-70-318-5 4 Paper-ID: CFP/973/2018 www.ijmdr.net specific nature of intelligence. (Encarta,


Women whose pregnancies are associated with fetal Down's syndrome have, on average, low serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (Merkatz et al. 1984; Cuckle et al. 1984; Fuhrmann et al. 1984; Taboret al. 1984; Cowchock & Ruch 1984; Seller 1984; Guibaud et al. 1984; Trigg et al. 1984; Spencer & Carpenter 1985; Murday & Slack 1985; Hershey et al. 1985; Doran et al. 1986; Brambati et al. 1986) and screening for Down's syndrome based on combining information on a low serum AFP level and maternal age is now in progress in several centres. The clinical interpretation of a maternal serum AFP result depends on judging whether it is high or low for the established range for pregnancies of the same gestational age. Since maternal serum AFP increases in the second trimester of pregnancy by about 17% per week at the time when AFP tests are usually done, under-estimation of gestational age will lead to a given AFP result appearing relatively high while the overestimation of gestational age will make it appear low. When gestational age is estimated by means of an ultrasound biparietal diameter (BPD) measurement any systematic tendency for a particular group of fetuses to have small BPD results will lead to the under-estimation of gestational age and any tendency for fetuses to have large BPD measurements will lead to over-estimated gestational age. For example, spina bifida fetuses between 15 and 22 weeks gestation have BPD values that are on average 0.83 cm smaller than those of unaffected fetuses of the same gestational age and so are credited with a less advanced gestational age than they actually have


Description New view of molecule's good side inspires plans to test it as treatment for a variety of illnesses New view of molecule's good side inspires plans to test it as treatment for a variety of illnesses


Free, sulfo and glucuro-conjugated catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline) were measured to study their metabolism in 35 non-selected patients with chronic renal failure, and under hemodialysis for various periods of time. Our data demonstrate a statistically significant increase of free dopamine, and free noradrenaline concentration in these patients, while that of free adrenaline was not different from controls. However a careful scrutiny of 35 individual data suggests that sub-groups of patients with either high normal or low plasma free noradrenaline concentration could exist; this likely heterogeneity could be a good explanation for conflicting conclusions provided by previous reports. Suspecting that conjugated catecholamines might be altered in these patients, plasma sulfo and glucuro-conjugated amines were measured. We have found a predictable and highly significant increase of sulfo-conjugated catecholamines; glucuroconjugated dopamine and noradrenaline were unchanged, while glucuroconjugated adrenaline was significantly increased. The physiological meaning, if any, of these new observations on conjugated catecholamines cannot be assessed at the moment.


Based on an introduction to the present situation of employment difficulty groups in universities,this paper analyzes the reasons for it from the view of asymmetric infornomics.On this basis,this paper puts forward countermeasures on promoting successful employment of this group including increasing career guidance and social practice,monitoring the renting-seeking behaviors of employment,establishing social-aiding system,creating employment post through multi-channels,perfecting capital market construction and maintaining macro-economy growth steadily.


Tracer gas dilution decay method is a convenient tool for measurement of actual air exchange in building. The article presents the results of measurements of natural air exchange in the selected, airtight rooms. A two-point and multi-point method were used to collect data and calculate the results. The standard procedure for the selection of the optimal measurement time was also included. In tight spaces with low air exchange, the measurement results depend on the assumed duration of measurements. It was found that the duration of measurements of several hours and the multipoint method allow to obtain convergent results.


In this chapter uncertainty in the practice of mixed-signal VLSI testing is discussed. In spite of considerable efforts from the mid 1980s onwards, when mixed-signal ICs began to grow from manageable MSI size towards LSI and VLSI complexities, the subject still remains one of continuing development in both design techniques and testing strategies and, most importantly, in appropriate hardware and software CAD resources to assist in this area. Mixed-signal design for testability is therefore still considered to be the most challenging area of present-day microelectronic circuit and system design.


Magnetization reversal in magnetic microwires was studied in the presence of external mechanical stress and helical magnetic fields using the magneto-optical Kerr effect. It was found that a combination of tuned magnetic anisotropy and a direct current or pulsed circular magnetic field activated different types of magnetization reversal scenarios. The application of the pulsed magnetic field of 10 ns time duration induced a transient controlling action to switch the magnetic states without activating a domain wall motion. This created a promising method for tuning the giant magneto-impedance effect.


This paper describes the enzyme catalyzed synthesis of the undecapeptide substance P from its non‐associated fragments (1–7) and (8–11) or (1–8) and (9–11). The fragment condensation was mediated by the use of product specific antibodies as molecular traps. As catalyst a previously purified endopeptidase was used which specifically hydrolyzes substance P at the Phe7–Phe8 and Phe8–Gly9 bonds. The synthesis was performed in analytical scale and product formation was guided by reversed phase HPLC combined with radioimmunoassay. It appeared that the substance P fragments (1–8) and (9–11) were condensed to a larger extent than (1–7) and (8–11). This observation may well result from the higher affinity of the antibodies observed for substance P (8–11) as compared to that found for the other fragments. Increased concentration of the antibodies also seemed to result in enhanced resynthesis of substance P.


Authors describe a 4-year-old boy with a moderate secundum atrial septal defect who developed rapidly progressive heart block after device closure. After surgical removal and patch closure he had gradual return to sinus rhythm. This report highlights the continued needed vigilance of heart block after atrial septal defect device closure.


A time for growth Smce the 1970s health education/promotion departments, based in health authonties, have grown at different paces Local pnonties have determined the size of departments and local human lesources policies have shaped recrwtment and staff development There was a reluctance in City and Hackney Health Authonty in the mid-1980s to appoint candidates at other than the basic grade then Scale 4, now Grade 5 Responses to recruitment advertisements were large, mcluded ind1vlduals from a wide range of educational backgrounds, and usually resulted in successful appointments Recrmts with extensive training and expenence in other fields were appointed at this level, sometimes taking a drop in pay, to establlsh a career in health education or promotion. There was no mentive for the health authonty, at the recruitment stage, to change its approaches Howevel, in the longer term this recruitment policy was not resulting in such a positive picture There was a high staff turnover, often after an intensive induction process, and there were no financial or career incentives to retain staff The department had been expanding over the previous five


The utility model discloses a full-automatic injection molding zip fastener injection molding machine with a servo motor. The full-automatic injection molding zip fastener injection molding machine comprises a worktable, wherein the worktable is provided with a mould closing mechanism, an injection device, a feeding device and a control device; the mould closing mechanism comprises a static mould device and a movable mould device; the static mould device comprises a movable mould mounting seat and a movable module; one side of the movable mould mounting seat, back to the movable module, is provided with a guide column and a driving oil cylinder; the guide column is provided with a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate; one side of the first mounting plate, back to the driving oil cylinder, is provided with an injection driving oil cylinder; the second mounting plate is provided with the servo motor; the injection device comprises a screw rod capable of moving upwards under the driving of the servo motor; the screw rod is arranged on the second mounting plate; the first mounting plate is provided with a charging barrel; one end of the screw rod, back ro the servo motor, stretches into the charging barrel. The screw rod of the device disclosed by the utility model moves upwards under the driving of the servo motor and oil does not need to be supplied, so that other work can be carried out while the movement for driving the screw rod is carried out; and therefore, the production speed is increased and the oil consumption is also reduced.


Recent research in domain-independent information extraction holds the promise of an automatically-constructed structured database derived from the Web. A query system based on this database would offer the same breadth as a Web search engine, but with much more sophisticated query tools than are common today. Unfortunately, these domain-independent Web extractors are usually not modelindependent; e.g., an extractor that only finds binary relations from text will be blind to relational data found in tables. Because a topic area often has a data model that is a natural fit (e.g., population statistics are usually in tables, while biographical facts about Einstein are embedded in text), even a high-quality domain-independent extractor will miss a substantial amount of data. Our omnivore system attempts to build a comprehensive Web database by running multiple domain-independent extractors in parallel over a Web crawl, then combining their outputs into a single large entity-relationship database. Each item in the database describes a single real-world entity, and can contain information drawn from a number of popular Web data models. The user can correct flaws in the database, and can query it using either a structured query language or a search-like interface. Due to the Web's sheer size, users cannot be expected to know the result set's metadata a priori, so omnivore automatically chooses an output model and schema when it renders results. In this paper we outline the omnivore architecture and provide specific details about our current prototype.


The soil Mn dissolution dynamics was studied to reveal the bioavailability of soil Mn.By the technique of sequent liquid flow method, the dissolution characteristics of the citric acid and glucose to soil Mn were studied in comparison with the treatment of inorganic acid of HCl and acidified reductants of NH2OH·HCl-HNO3 and NH2OH·HCl-HAc.And five models were used to reveal the process,such as first-order equation,power function equation, parabolic diffusion equation,Elovich equation and exponent function equation. Results showed that soil Mn were dissolved significantly by several compounds for all of 4 soils tested.The ability of Mn dissolution followed this order: 0.04 mol·L-1 NH2OH·HCl(25% HAc)0.1 mol·L-1 NH2OH·HCl-0.001 mol·L-1 HNO31% citric acid0.5% citric acid0.1 mol·L-1 HCl1% glucose0.5% glucose0.01 mol·L-1 HCl.The experimental data of Mn2+ dissolved with time was fitted by the selected models and all the models reached a significant level at P0.01,and SE of power function equation,Elovich equation and exponent function equation were little,namely,they were fitted better.But the SE of parabolic diffusion equation was the largest.It was suggested that the reaction process was controlled by surface reaction of Mn oxides,not by diffusion of Mn2+.


The common pseudo-hexagonal polysynthetic twinning of cubanite will occur when cubic cubanite crystallizes at the temperature higher than about 220°C and transforms to the orthorhombic low form as lowering of temperature. The twinnings of cubanite and coexisting chalcopyrite of Omine mine were examined by x-ray single crystal diffraction methods. Some cubanite crystals (sample nos. 24 and 9) were single crystals containing small amount of chalcopyrite lamellae with {112} polysynethetic twinnings. The other common cubanites, which occur as narrow lamellae in the chalcopyrite host, had polysynthetic caxis rotation twinnings, and the chalcopyrite had {110} contact polysynthetic twinnings. Cubanite without twinning is considered to have been crystallized initially as the low orthorhombic form.


PURPOSE: A liquid vaporizing and inhaling apparatus is provided to prevent damage to the liquid vaporizing and inhaling apparatus according to the falling thereof. CONSTITUTION: A liquid vaporizing and inhaling apparatus comprises a case and a rolling prevention unit. The case(111) is equipped with members capable of vaporizing liquid into gas. The rolling prevention unit prevents the rolling of the case. The cross section of the case is formed in a circular shape. The rolling prevention unit(118) includes a projection that is projected from the outside of the case.


In the proposed approach, repair is implemented by deletion of either rows and/or columns on which faulty cells lie. These devices are commonly referred to as redundant memories, because redundant columns and rows are added. The repair algorithm is based on a fault counting technique and on a reduced covering approach. The innovative feature is that reduced covering permits an heuristic, but efficient criterion to be included in the selection of the rows and/or columns to be deleted.<<ETX>>


The possibility of the occurrence of a population inversion between n = 3, 2 levels in H-like Al, as well as between levels of the n = 4, 3 manifold in He-like Al, has been inferred from time integrated K-line intensity ratios. Opacity-corrected inversion factors (1 − N i / N j ) of about 0.6 for both He- and H-like Al have been obtained in counterstreaming Al-Au plasmas from which gain values of about 0.5 cm −1 have been estimated.


Iron and zinc deficiencies in humans can cause serious health problems. Increasing the iron (IC) and zinc (ZC) concentrations in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grains using genetic breeding can be an effective strategy to prevent these problems. Thus, the aims of this study were i) to investigate the importance of genetic, environmental, and genotype-by-environment interaction effects on IC and ZC in common bean grains; ii) to select cultivars that have high mean values and phenotypic stability for IC and ZC, as well as high protein concentration (PC), high yield, and standard commercial grain quality; and iii) to investigate whether there is a genetic relationship between these traits. A total of 34 cultivars were evaluated in 19 different environments. Genetic variability was observed among the genotypes for all traits. For IC and ZC, the environmental effect represented most of the total variation (63% and 65%, respectively), and the effect of the G × E interaction was 18% for IC and 15% for ZC. The genetic correlations between IC, ZC, and PC were positive, indicating that the selection of one of these traits resulted in gains for the other. The genetic correlations between IC or ZC with yield or 100-grain weight were low or intermediate, but negative, indicating that it is important to evaluate these traits at all stages of breeding programs that focus on developing cultivars with high IC and ZC. The cultivar BRS Sublime, with the carioca grain type, combined high IC, ZC, and PC, high yield, and grains of commercial size.


An embodiment of the invention discloses a method for closing a mobile terminal by using identification which includes steps as follows: obtaining an identification of a mobile terminal; sending an indication to the mobile terminal for limiting using the mobile terminal function when the obtained identification data is accordance with the stored identification data, otherwise, sending an alarm sign. The invention also provides a mobile terminal for identification. The method can realize identification, and limit using the mobile terminal after identification.


In this article a critical analysis of the issue of values and its evolution within the philosophical, psychological and educational. The aim of the investigation was directed to the systematization of the subject from the Marxist-Leninist dialectical materialist approach. Were used for their implementation methods such as historical and logical, analytic, synthetic, deductive and inductive content analysis. Occurs as a result the systematic from the point of view of the author on the formation of moral values as part of the formation of personality. It concluded that the issue of values is based on philosophical sciences, psychological and pedagogical approach where the Marxist-Leninist social nature of learning is essential in the moral formation of man.


ABSTRACT Providing adequate parental support is pivotal when treating excessive infant crying, but there are indications that parents may not feel supported by professional health care. This study investigated maternal satisfaction with health care and health care needs, comparing mothers of infants with (N = 110) and without a medical cause for the crying (N = 101). Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to detect patterns in health care needs. Dissatisfaction with health care (often related to feelings of not being taken seriously) was reported by 55.0%. Mothers of infants with a medical cause for the crying rated health care as more effective but were also more often dissatisfied with health care. Most mothers needed help both for the crying of their infant and their own well-being. The results suggest that offering effective reassurance to parents without downplaying the seriousness of the situation and being sensitive to the specific needs of each family is essential.


In order to better meet broader engineering problems, collaborations among various fields are needed. At Applied mechanics, such cooperation is promoted through financially supporting cross divisional master thesis projects. Since 2008 13 such projects have run, which has resulted in new research constellations involving several PhD students.


This study reports the findings of a study of the emergence of ethnic interests among a sample of 100 Irish and Italians. The failure to find predicted relationships among scale items for a proposed scale of ethnic consciousness led to a consideration of "law" of third-generation return. The reemergence of ethnicity as a salient force in the lives of third-generation ethnics was associated with little organizational activity but significant questioning about the reality of the "American dream" and opposition to the demands of Negroes for equal rights. The declining importance of objective ethnic constraints does not then necessarily imply total assimilation but rather serves as a condition for the emergence, however episodically, of ethnic consciousness. Contrary to all predictions ethnic interests persist, and to some even appear to have increased in salience (Bernard, 1969; Cinel, 1969; Glazer and Moynihan, 1963; Goldstein and Goldscheider, 1968; Greeley, 1969; Vecoli, 1970; Zochert, 1969). Little is known, however, about the conditions for this persistence while even less is known about the corollary problem of the measurement of ethnic consciousness. This paper relates an attempt to develop a scale for measuring ethnic interests and consciousness with serendipitous attention focused on the notion of "third-generation


Abstract This paper discusses some initial lines on how to design observers for nonlinear systems based on the polynomial Takagi-Sugeno (Taylor series) representation as fuzzy systems. If state and error (initially) lie in some operation regions, then, some bounds on the error can be proved.


This paper constructs a two-stage model of Cournot to study cross-market competitive enterprise's mergers.It shows that enterprise's merger selection is correlated with the relative size of foreign markets and marginal cost that merger brings.Only when the foreign market is small or the reduction of production cost is relatively higher,are enterprises likely to merger.The policies facilitating total welfare should be pointed.For those that can improve the production efficiency,the government should provide ample funds and supportive policies.Otherwise,policies should encourage the enterprises to develop and innovate.


The invention relates to cleaning material formulations and the use thereof in the removal of pigment-containing residues which arise during the production or filling of pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations. Said formulations are based on one or several consituents with complex-forming properties selected from the following groups: amino carboxylic acids, polyamino acids, P-free carboxylic acids and the salts thereof.


A novel chiral coordination polymer,[Zn2(C7H8O6)2(4,4′-bipy)2(H2O)2]·4H2O(C7H8O6=2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-tartrate,bipy=4,4′-bipyridine),was synthesized via a solvothermal reaction and characterized by elemental analyses,TG,IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The analysis results of crystal structure show that the complex is monoclinic with space group C2,a=2.02334(14) nm,b=1.13896(4) nm,c=1.01091(6) nm,β=117.366(3)°,V=2.0689(2) nm3. Both crystallographically unique Zn atoms exit as an octahedral geometry. The four equatorial positions of Zn1 atom are occupied by the carboxylate-oxygen atoms of the two tartrates,and the two oxygens of the left four carboxylate-oxygen atoms coordinate to two different Zn2 atoms,respectively,forming infinite coordination polymer chains. The left two of the trans equatorial positions of Zn2 atom are completed with two oxygen atoms of two water molecules. The axial positions of both Zn atoms are occupied by the nitrogen atoms from different 4,4′-bipyridine molecules to give a 2D rectangular-grid layers with a cavity dimension of 0.51165(3)nm×1.13896(5) nm. A three dimensional network is formed by the crystallization water chains joined by the carboxylate-oxygen atoms through hydrogen-bonding interactions.


The availability of dense motion information in computer vision domain allows for the effective application of Lagrangian techniques that have their origin in fluid flow analysis and dynamical systems theory. A well established technique that has been proven to be useful in image-based crowd analysis are Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLE). Based on this, we present a method to detect people carrying object and describe a methodology how to apply established flow field methods onto the problem of describing individuals. Further, we reinterpret Lagrangian features in relation to the underlying motion process and show their applicability towards the appearance modeling of pedestrians. This definition allows to increase performance of state-of-the-art methods and is shown to be robust under varying parameter settings and different optical flow extraction approaches.


Received on 1 st April2015 Accepted on 5 th April 2015. Published on 9 th April 2015 The rapid growth of bandwidth demanding wireless technologies has led to the problem of spectrum scarcity. However, studies show that licensed spectrum is underutilized. Cognitive radio technology promises a solution to the problem by allowing unlicensed users, access to the licensed bands opportunistically. A prime component of the cognitive radio technology is spectrum sensing. Many spectrum sensing techniques have been developed to sense the presence or not of a licensed user. This paper evaluates the performance of the energy detection based spectrum sensing technique in noisy, fading, jamming, interference environments. Both single user detection and cooperative detection situations were investigated. Closed form solutions for the probabilities of detection and false alarm were derived. The analytical results were varied by numerical computations using Monte Carlo method with MATLAB. The performance of the computationally efficient energy detection (CE-ED) techniques were evaluated by use of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading (Rayleigh & Nakagami-m) channels. Results show that for single user detection, the energy detection technique performs better in AWGN channel than in the fading channel models. The performance of cooperative detection is better than single user detection in fading environments. Keyword:


Iodine content and distribution in single Ag(Br, I) crystal of several kinds of Ag(Br, I) emulsdons have been observed and analyzed by scanning transmissive electron microscopy (STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The heterogeneous distribution of iodine in some Ag(Br, I) grains was proved directly. This method could provide useful informations for studying the relations between the structure and properties of Ag(Br, I) emulsion grains.


A modified route for synthesizing barium hexaferrite (BaO.6Fe2O3) through ammonium carbonate using metal chlorides is reported. The coprecipitations were studied in the range of pH 7.2–8, Fe/Ba ratio 8.55–11.5, and dilutions of 0.005M–0.5M. The average particle size of these coprecipitates ranged from 20 A to 170 A. Ferritization studies have been carried out between 850° and 1150°C. The optimum specific magnetic moments and coercive fields were in the range of 49–53 emu/gm and 3.45–3.55 K Oe respectively.


The 2D problem of plane strain is considered in the presence of imperfectly bonded elastic reinforcements. A geometric criterion on the shape and size of the elastic reinforcement is found that determines when the effects of imperfect bonding overcome the benefits of the reinforcement. The criterion is given in terms of the surface traction-to-bulk stress quotient. This quantity is defined by an eigenvalue problem posed on the surface of the reinforcement.


This paper presents an understanding of the scheduling aspects of structural steel construction. It is part of an initiative funded by American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) to develop construction management guidelines for steel construction. The paper includes details of fabrication and erection related activities, activity duration and sequencing, scheduling networks for an example mid-rise case study project, and discussion on various items impacting the schedule.


This bibliography lists reports and publications on electric utility issues written at the Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1976 through 1983. The theme of these publications is economic analysis, and most of the work was completed by the Economics Group. However, some related contributions from the Statistics Group and Energy Technologies Group are included. Papers and reports involving simulation modeling of the regulatory and financial issues at individual electric utilities are listed. Papers and reports explaining the structure and applications of the Los Alamos Coal and Electric Utility Modeling System, which has been used to analyze industry issues at the regional and national levels as well as environmental constraints to electricity generation are included. A listing of our econometric studies of the demand for electricity and of the reliability of nuclear power as well as economic studies of small versus large power plants are presented.


Introduction: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effect of vibrational force on biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: An electronic search was conducted for relevant studies (up to December 31, 2020) on the following databases: Pubmed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wiley Library, and ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. Hand searching of selected orthodontic journals was also undertaken. The selected studies were assessed for the risk of bias in Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool. The "traffic plot" and "weighted plot" risk of bias distribution are designed in the RoB 2 tool. The 2 authors extracted the data and analyzed it. Results: Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risks of biases were high for 4, low and some concern for other 2 studies. The biomarkers, medium, device, frequency and duration of device, as well as other data were extracted. The outcomes of the studies were found to be heterogenous. Conclusion: One study showed highly statistically significant levels of IL-1 beta with <.001. Rate of tooth movement was correlated with levels of released biomarkers under the influence of vibrational force in 3 studies, but it was found to be significant only in 1 study. It was further observed that vibration does not have any significant reduction in pain and discomfort.


Laboratory investigations have been carried out pertaining the lethal action of B. thuringiensis (Agerin) and nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Helicovex) either separately or in combination on the cotton leaf worm, S. littoralis larvae. Results showed that the lethal action (expressed as LC50 values) of Bt (Agerin) against 2, 3 and 4 instar larvae were 0.05, 0.17 and 0.09% whereas those of NPV (Helicovex) were 0.08, 0.18 and 0.13%, respectively. The simultaneous application of sublethal concentrations of both Bt (Agerin) and NPV (Helicovex) resulted in an additive lethal effect against 3 instar larvae and a synergistic effect against 2 and 4 instar larvae. Results generally indicate that mortality among S. littoralis larvae was higher when they were exposed to Bt-NPV sublethal concentrations than when exposed to either pathogen alone. The findings may be helpful and effective for controlling this pest and closely related ones. Yet field tests have to confirm the results and to determine their field performance.


External hazards as a nuclear technical discipline has matured significantly since the last nuclear reactor build programme in the UK, in the 1980s and '90s. In part this is because of improved understanding of these hazards and their potential implications for nuclear safety, but it is also a response to a number of external hazards initiated nuclear safety challenges, most notably in March 2011 at Fukushima Dai-ichi in Japan. In addition, the UK Government recently made a policy decision to positively encourage the construction of new nuclear reactors. New nuclear reactor projects in the UK accommodate consideration of external hazards as a mainstream part of the design process, so the advent of these projects has led to a substantial increase in the demand for external hazards Suitably Qualified and Experienced Person (SQEP) resource within Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) to assess the adequacy of safety submissions for new nuclear reactor sites. This has prompted a re-consideration of the most appropriate way for a modern nuclear regulator, such as the ONR in the UK, to regulate in the external hazards technical area. This paper describes how the ONR now organises itself to assess external hazards safety submissions for new nuclear reactor build projects and describes the resource model currently being applied to the most advanced new build site in the UK at Hinkley Point C, which is owned and operated by EDF Energy Nuclear New Build Generation Company Ltd (NNB GenCo). The model provides the vehicle for applying ONR's regulatory processes, including how various types of skilled resources are deployed and identifies the important interfaces with other technical disciplines. Finally, the paper describes how the model will be developed for use at other new build sites in the UK. NUCLEAR SAFETY REGULATION IN THE UK Nuclear Safety in the UK is the responsibility of the organisations that operate sites licensed under the Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (NIA65). These nuclear licensees set high standards for safety through their own nuclear safety principles and demonstrate these principles are met for plant operations on their sites by preparing documents called safety cases. The major safety case for a new nuclear reactor build site is the Pre-Construction Safety Report (PCSR); it comprehensively demonstrates in a single (very large) document why the licensee believes its reactors can be operated safely, in compliance with their own safety principles, various legal requirements and relevant good practice. Licences, Licensing and the Permissioning Process The Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) is responsible for issuing Nuclear Site Licences (NSLs) to organisations seeking to operate nuclear plant on a site and for granting permission to such licensees to build and operate this plant. The ONR is established as the nuclear safety regulator under the Energy Act 2013 (EA13), and has responsibility for licensing nuclear sites because those aspects of the NIA65 relevant to licensing of nuclear sites are Relevant Statutory Provisions of the EA13 1 . Permissions are 1 A Relevant Statutory Provision occurs when an element of existing statutory law is brought within the interest of another Act of Parliament. 23 rd Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology Manchester, United Kingdom August 10-14, 2015 Division X, Paper 433 granted in response to requests from the Licensee to undertake specific nuclear significant operations. Typically for new reactor sites these will include permission to: • Commence construction of nuclear safety structures. • Commence nuclear commissioning of the reactors • Bring nuclear fuel on to the site. • First criticality of the reactor core. Such requirements are made under particular Licence Conditions attached to the NSL. There are 36 standard licence conditions (LCs) attached to every NSL in the UK, covering construction, operation, modification, maintenance and decommissioning of plant, safety cases and periodic safety reviews, emergency arrangements, the need for Suitably Qualified and Experienced Personnel (SQEPs) to operate plant and a number of other safety significant matters. The standard LCs are specified in ONR (2014a). Most of the LCs include provisions to enable ONR to grant permissions of one type or another; for example, clause 1 of LC19, allows ONR to issue a Consent to permit the Licensee to move from one stage of construction to the next. There are six types of permission that ONR can grant: • Consents – A Consent is required before the licensee can carry out any activity which is specifically identified in the licence or for any other activities which ONR may Specify. • Approvals – An Approval can be used to freeze a licensee's arrangements (documented procedures) and key elements of its safety management system, such as safety committees and maintenance arrangements. • Directions – A Direction is issued by ONR when it requires the licensee to take a particular action. For example, LC31(1) gives ONR the power to Direct a licensee to shut down any plant, operation or process. Such a Direction would relate to a matter of major or immediate safety importance. • Agreements – An Agreement issued by ONR allows a licensee to proceed with an agreed course of action. For example, LC30(2) enables ONR to Agree the extension of a plant's operating period. • Notification – The NSLs give ONR powers to request the submission of information by Notifying the licensee. For example, in LC21(8) the licensee shall, if Notified by ONR, submit a safety case and shall not commence operation of the relevant plant or process without the Consent of ONR. • Specification – The NSL gives ONR discretionary controls with regard to a licensee's arrangements and these are implemented through Specifications. For example, in LC23(2), if ONR Specifies, the licensee is required to refer "Operating Rules" to their "Nuclear Safety Committee" 2 for consideration. In order to issue, for example, a Consent under LC19(1) to start construction of nuclear safety structures, the licensee must support its request with an adequate 3 safety case, in this case a version of the PCSR current at the time of the request. The PCSR itself refers down to many lower tier supporting references and this entirety is known as the safety submission relating to that request. ONR inspectors undertake an assessment of this safety submission to assure themselves that it meets the legal test of adequacy, using its own Safety Assessment Principles (SAPs), ONR (2014b), and lower level Technical Assessment Guides (TAGs), ONR (2015). ONR is a non-prescriptive regulator, meaning that it does not in general publish prescribed standards for plant design and operation that Licensees are mandated to meet; instead it looks to Licensees themselves to identify relevant codes and standards, to devise appropriate safety principles tailored to their particular nuclear activities, and demonstrate that 2 Operating Rules (LC23) are safety significant conditions and limits within which nuclear plant is operated to ensure it meets the claims made in its safety case(s). Each licensed site is required under LC13 to set up a competent Nuclear Safety Committee to provide independent and authoritative safety advice to the licensee regarding the operation of nuclear plant covered by the NSL. 3 The term adequate is the legal test under NIA65 that distinguishes, in this instance, a safety case that is fit for purpose and meets all necessary requirements arising from the licensee's procedures and processes (arrangements), relevant legal requirements and relevant good practise. Safety cases covering significant nuclear activities are required under LC23(1) and, among other things, must define appropriate Operating Rules within which the plant or activity shall be conducted. 23 rd Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology Manchester, United Kingdom August 10-14, 2015 Division X, Paper 433 their plant design and operation meets these. There are some mandatory legal requirements relating for example to radiation doses from normal operations and accidents (IRRs, HSE (2002)), the development of emergency plans (REPPIR01), and a large number of mandatory requirements that derive from nonnuclear safety regulation. But for nuclear safety, the test of adequacy is met principally by the Licensee demonstrating, through its safety case, that the risk arising from activities relating to the permissioning request will be as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP), commonly referred to in the UK as the ALARP principle. This is the most important safety principle in UK nuclear safety and is linked to the overarching legal requirement relating to industrial safety generally, that duty holders shall ensure that the risks to employees and those not in their employment are low so far as is reasonably practicable (SFAIRP) 4 . In practise, for a major permissioning request such the ones discussed above, ONR will establish an assessment project team, in which all the relevant technical disciplines will be represented; the project will be managed by a project inspector. This paper is concerned with the External Hazards (EH) discipline, and how the required technical and managerial resources are brought to bear to facilitate a suitable and sufficient assessment of a major safety submission supporting a new reactor build permissioning request. This assessment must be sufficient to enable a judgement of adequacy to be formed by the external hazards inspector undertaking the assessment. This is then communicated to the project inspector as a recommendation to support (or not) the granting of permission to allow the requested activities to proceed. The project inspector will collate such advice from all technical disciplines and form a project wide (rather than discipline-specific) judgement to recommend to senior ONR management whether or not to support the granting of


On the basis of analysing the operating condition and fault phenomena of MPS type medium speed coal pulverizers equipped for unit no.3 in Huaneng Jinggangshan Power Plant and unit no.5 in Huaneng Fuzhou Power Plant,the loading control function of original coal pulverizers has been retrofitted,the functions,such as logic for tripping the coal pulverizer due to the rollers being unlifted up,and automatic reduction of the set value for reactive oil pressure in case of lowering the rollers for loading the coal pulverizer etc.being added.After refrofit,the control logic can realize automatic adjustment of the rollers,and regulation of the loading curves,as well as the closed-loop astatic regulation of the oil pressure etc..Results of operation show that the control logic after retrofit overcomes the defects of the original control logic,such as single function and frequent setting etc.,prevuenting effectively the vibration of coal pulverizer and coal plugging in the coal pulverizer due to the pulverizing ability is unmatch with the coal quantity and the coal quality.


We consider generalized Nash equilibrium problems (GNEP) from a structural and computational point of view. In GNEP the players' feasible sets may depend on the other players' strategies. Moreover, the players may share common constraints. In particular, the latter leads to the stable appearance of Nash equilibria which are Fritz-John (FJ) points, but not Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) points. Basic in our approach is the representation of FJ points as zeros of an appropriate underdetermined system of nonsmooth equations. Here, additional nonsmooth variables are taken into account. We prove that the set of FJ points (together with corresponding active Lagrange multipliers) - generically - constitutes a Lipschitz manifold. Its dimension is (N-1)J_0, where N is the number of players and J_0 is the number of active common constraints. In a structural analysis of Nash equilibria the number (N-1)J_0 plays a crucial role. In fact, the latter number encodes both the possible degeneracies for the players' parametric subproblems and the dimension of the set of Nash equilibria. In particular, in the nondegenerate case, the dimension of the set of Nash equilibria equals locally (N-1)J_0. For the computation of FJ points we propose a nonsmooth projection method (NPM) which aims at nding solutions of an underdetermined system of nonsmooth equations. NPM is shown to be well-dened for GNEP. Local convergence of NPM is conjectured for GNEP under generic assumptions and its proof is challenging. However, we indicate special cases (known from the literature) in which convergence holds.


Using social identity theory to assess in-group, out-group representations, this study examines the portrayal of sharia in American network television media. A 10-year content analysis showed that ABC, CBS, and NBC continually paired sharia with mentions of the United States, reinforcing its representation as the in-group. These mentions frequently were coupled with mentions of non-Western countries, supporting the idea of an in-group versus out-group comparison. Moreover, the stories included many topics connotatively negative in Western culture. A significant and positive relationship between mentions of non-Western countries and connotatively negative topics was found, reinforcing the positioning of individuals associated with sharia—most often Muslims—within the out-group.


The article presents the results of experimental studies of the use of aerial photography materials using unmanned aviation systems for three-dimensional modeling of pipeline transport facilities and the construction of the information model "How Built." An experiment was performed on three-dimensional modeling of the construction object on the basis of data obtained with the help of unmanned aircraft systems, accuracy of the obtained model was determined. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for using unmanned aviation systems to control compliance of the results of construction of pipeline transport facilities with design solutions. The results of the pilot studies show that it is possible to use these unmanned aircraft systems to monitor deviations from the working documentation during construction works on the site. The proposed solution can be used as a methodological basis for monitoring the results of construction of pipeline transport facilities by design solutions within the framework of construction works.


The method of electromechanical analogies is now well established, the three types being the direct analogy, the inverse analogy, and the frequency analogy. This paper reviews the first two methods and applies them to the transient analysis of the separately excited d-c machine. The equivalent circuits developed allow for motion of the stator and permit the analysis of vibration problems. Reference is made to the introduction of initial conditions.


Suppose that the integers are assigned i.i.d. random variables f! x g (taking values in the unit interval), which serve as an environment. This environment deenes a random walk fX n g (called a RWRE) which, when at x, moves one step to the right with probability ! x , and one step to the left with probability 1?! x. Solomon (1975) determined the almost-sure asymptotic speed v (=rate of escape) of a RWRE. Greven and den Hollander (1994) have proved a large deviation principle for X n =n, conditional upon the environment, with deterministic rate function. For certain environment distributions where the drifts 2! x ?1 can take both positive and negative values, their rate function vanishes on an interval (0; v). We nd the rate of decay on this interval and prove it is a stretched exponential of appropriate exponent, that is the absolute value of the log of the probability that the empirical mean X n =n is smaller than v, v 2 (0; v), behaves roughly like a fractional power of n. The annealed estimates of Dembo, Peres and Zeitouni (1996) play a crucial role in the proof. We also deal with the case of positive and zero drifts, and prove there a quenched decay of the form exp(?cn=(log n) 2).


The electrochemical behaviour of the electron donor-acceptor model compounds,cya-noethenyl aniline derivatives was investigated by cyclic voltammetry.The effects of donating electron group-NH2,-N(CH3)2 and withdrawing electron group cyanothenyl group on electrochemical behaviour of these compounds were studied in detail.The structures of electroox-idation and electroreduction state of these compounds were proposed,and the mechanism of the electrode reaction was studied by comparing the effects of tert-radical,sec-radical and pri-radical on electrochemical behaviour of these compounds.


Background: Cynanchum acutum L. is a perennial medicinal herb, used for several traditional medicine purposes in Egypt and around the world. Objective: The anticancer effects of ether, chloroform subfraction, and aqueous extracts of C. acutum seeds were investigated. Materials and Methods: C. acutum seeds were extracted by ether, chloroform, and aqueous. Then, all extracts were subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine alkaloids and other bioactive compounds. Furthermore, anticancer effects on malignant cell lines as well as normal cells were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: GC/MS analysis of the different extracts of C. acutum seeds revealed different compounds of alkane hydrocarbons, fatty acids, sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The significant components of unsaturated fatty acids were linoleic acid (56.71%) in the ether extract and oleic acid (6.59%) in the chloroform extract, whereas the major saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid (3.51%) in the ether extract. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of the three extracts of the plant seeds on all tested cancer cell lines were minor. However, the higher anticancer effects were observed on lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) cancers by water and ether extracts, respectively, as compared to positive control. Furthermore, both extracts showed low cytotoxicity toward normal cell line (WI-38) comparing to a positive control. Conclusion: Aqueous and ether extracts of C. acutum L. seeds could be considered as potential chemotherapeutic agents in lung and breast cancer treatments, respectively, with reduced systemic adverse effects.


As the deregulation of the power system is one of the recent needs of the electricity network, the distributed generations are penetrated to the power system. This leads to unpredictability of the network losses. The best position of "FACTS" devices minimizes the losses of power scheme. The significant improvement in minimization of cost and loss by placing simultaneously two facts devices at a time is discussed in this document. The "FACTS" devices such as SVC, UPFC, and TCSC are used in this analysis. Here SVC with TCSC, TCSC with UPFC and SVC with UPFC are considered. Each placed simultaneously to the deregulated environment. Two FACTS devices were provided with cost-effective reduction of FACTS systems. The Indian utility bus system with 62 buses, is used here as a study.


For the purpose of identifying dual-BARC (Bottom Anti-Reflective Coating) structures for immersion lithography that do not depend on the polarization of light, illumination conditions and pattern sizes or pitches, dual-BARC parameters were optimized. Using our new code, dual-BARC parameters to minimize the substrate reflectance were obtained for BARC formed on a silicon oxide and nitride layer when NA is 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4. The thickness of the silicon oxide and nitride layer was varied from 10 to 200 nm. It was found that the dual-BARC concept works up to NA = 1.1 and 1.4 for BARC on a silicon oxide and a silicon nitride layer, respectively, although for the case of the dual BARC on a silicon oxide layer, the range of the thickness of the oxide layer where the dual-BARC concept works is limited. It was also found that using a structure consisting of a planarization layer combined with a single-layer BARC structure to make a reflection-control structure can work up to NA = 1.4 for both on a silicon oxide and nitride layer.


Four variants of arcelin, an insecticidal seed storage protein of bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were investigated. Each variant (arcelin-1, -2, -3, and -4) was purified, and solubilities and Mrs were determined. For arcelins-1, -2, and -4, the isoelectric points, hemagglutinating activities, immunological cross-reactivities, and N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined. On the basis of native and denatured M,s, the variants were classified as being composed of dimer protein (arcelin-2), tetramer protein (arcelins3 and -4), or both dimer and tetramer proteins (arcelin-1). Although the dimer proteins (arcelins-ld and -2) could be distinguished by M,s and isoelectric points, they were identical for their first 37 N-terminal amino acids and had similar immunological cross-reactions, and bean lines containing these variants had a DNA restriction fragment in common. The tetramer proteins arcelin-It and arcelin-4 also could be distinguished from each other based on Mrs and isoelectric points; however, they had similar immunological cross-reactions and they were 77 to 93% identical for N-terminal amino acid composition. The similarities among arcelin variants, phytohemagglutinin, and a bean a-amylase inhibitor suggest that they are all encoded by related members of a lectin gene family. In screening 210 wild accessions from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm collection, Schoonhoven and Cardona (22) found several accessions that had natural resistance to two important bruchid pests, the Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman.) and the common bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say.). It was later shown that most of these resistant wild accessions contained arcelin seed proteins that had never been observed in cultivated beans (19, 21). The wild bean genotypes containing arcelin could be grouped by electrophoretic pattern and genetic analysis into four allelic forms, Arl1, Arl-2, Arl-3, and Arl-4 (19; gene designations, ref. 1), that were codominantly inherited, dominant to the absence of arcelin, and tightly linked to the PHA2 locus ( 1 9). Support provided by the Graduate School and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and by the Plant Cell Research Institute, Inc., Dublin, CA. 2 Abbreviations: PHA, phytohemagglutinin; PHA-E, the erythrocyte-agglutinating subunit of phytohemagglutinin; PHA-L, the leucocyte-agglutinating subunit of phytohemagglutinin; SARC 1 .. . 4, P. vuilgaris Sanilac-derived lines containing arcelin (18); ddH,O, distilled deionized water; Caps, 3-cyclohexylamino1 -propanesulfonic acid; SSC, 0.15 M NaCl, 15 mm sodium citrate (pH 7.0); IEF, isoelectric focusing; kb, kilobases. 204 Arcelin1 is the most thoroughly characterized of the protein variants. Using artificial seeds reconstituted from bean flour with the addition of purified arcelin protein, arcelin1 was shown to be the component of the wild lines that confers resistance to Z. subfasciatus (18). Arcelin and PHA isolated from an arcelin1-containing line had similar solubility properties, subunit Mrs, deglycosylated Mrs, and amino acid compositions; however, they had very different isoelectric points, and PHA agglutinated native erythrocytes but arcelin agglutinated only Pronase-treated cells (20). These similarities and differences might be explained by the observation that the cDNA nucleotide-derived amino acid sequence of arcelin1 is approximately 60% identical to PHA-E and PHA-L (18). Arcelin has one methionine (PHA-E and PHA-L have no methionine) and additional attached oligosaccharide residues (18, 20) that may affect the chemistry and conformation of the mature protein. Another difference between arcelin1 and PHA concerns their effects on seed-feeding insects. Janzen et al. (11) proposed that phytohemagglutinins are involved in the specificity of host-insect interactions between Phaseolus species and seed-feeding predators. Although phytohemagglutinins from P. vulgaris did not provide protection to P. vulgaris predators, they did provide protection against seed-feeding pests of other Phaseolus species. Osborn et al. (18) showed that arcelin-1 protected seeds against P. vulgaris pests and recently the four arcelin variants were found to be associated with different levels and types of resistance to the Mexican bean weevil or the common bean weevil (3, 8). Characterization of arcelin variants and comparisons to each other as well as to PHA may aid in understanding specific host-pest interactions, thereby enabling plant breeders to plan an effective strategy to control bruchid pests. In this paper, the solubilities and mol wt of the four arcelin variants are reported. The isoelectric points, hemagglutinating activities, immunological cross-reactivities, and N-terminal amino acid sequences of arcelin1, -2, and -4 also have been reported. These properties are compared among the arcelin variants and to those ofPHA proteins. Lines containing these proteins also are compared for genomic DNA restriction fragment patterns of arcelin and PHA genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS


Here, we have investigated fabrication of thin film silicon p-i-n solar cells at low substrate temperatures. The effect of silane diluted by hydrogen, in i-layer deposition process on the solar cell characteristics has been studied. Our results show that the material right at the phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline shows a combination of the highest open circuit voltage and short circuit current. Using this material p-i-n solar cell fabricated on both glass and plastic substrates and the efficiencies of 4.7% and 3.99% have been obtained respectively.


The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated continuous improvement model so as to improving the global competitiveness of basic metal industries. The study concerned on the Ethiopian basic metal-manufacturing firms, with a special emphasis on the medium and large manufacturing industries. However, basic metal industries occupy a prominent position in the development agenda of many developing countries like Ethiopia. Hence, this study investigated the role of continuous improvement for global competition of basic metal industries, so as to tackle global competition problems on the firms. From numerous contentious improvements, we have to emphasis integrated JIT and TQM implementation on basic metal industries to improve competitive performance. The survey study is conduct through field observation, literature review of research articles, books, magazines, manuals, company report and electronic-sources which are analysis. A case study also conducted at Kaliti Metal Products Factory. The survey data is analyzed using descriptive analysis, SPCT (fishbone diagram). At literature level, the global competitiveness of Ethiopian economy was assessed and the current trends of continuous improvement tools implementation for global competitiveness of basic metal industries was analyzed. Poor supply chain system, manpower, raw material problems, energy fluctuation, outdated technology, manufacturing systems, financial and logistics problems are identified as the obstacles and influence the Ethiopian basic metal industry performance and global competitiveness. Based on the investigations an integrated continuous improving models are developed so as to improve the performance and global competitiveness of basic metal industries.


ABSTRACT Duality in words could be classified into noun (N) and verb (V) based on sentences and contexts of conversations. Duality in words phenomena not only happens in English, Bahasa, but also in Sasak language. Therefore, the researcher decided to conduct data analysis using Sasak language in Mambalan village as a research setting. In this research, the word-pattern of duality in words were discussed and its distribution for Sasak language in Mambalan village. Then, populations of this research are native speaker of Sasak language in Mambalan village. Samples are around 25 – 45 years old of native speaker who assumed that the informants are fit body and spiritual. Those data conducted used recording and noting. After conducting the data, these are analyzed through interlingual with correlation substitution, and hidden ( lesap ). Data of duality in words which focused by the researcher have double function in word class; as a noun (N) and as a verb (V)—based on the sentences and context of conversations. It is seen from word morphological process that a morpheme involved in null affixation called zero morphemes. So, the morphology would not be changed but its meaning. For examples, the word " tambah " (Sasak: mattock) could get different meaning in sentences and contexts: (1) " embe lain tambah nu? " ( Sasak: "where is the mattock ?" ), and (2) " tambah tanak tie! " (Sasak: " hoe the ground! "). In the first sentence, the word " tambah " is classified as noun (N) based on semantic feature. It was different with " tambah " in the second sentence which is classified as verb (V) with the same reason. Afterwards, about its distribution in speaking Sasak language in Mambalan village, the researcher found syntactical function of those word classes as a subject (S), predicate (P), and object (O). It could be seen in a view of sentences: (1) " tambah jari bakatang nae " (Sasak: " a mattock hurt his legs"), (2) " tambah tanak tie " (Sasak: " hoe the ground! "), and, (3) " ye jauk tambah " (Sasak: " he brings a mattock "). In first sentence, " tambah " is functioned as subject (S), the second sentence as predicate (P) and the last one as the object (O). Keyword: duality words, affixation zero morphemes. Sasak Language in Mambalan.


El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a huge influence on Antarctic climate variability via Rossby wave trains. In this study, the asymmetry of the ENSO teleconnection in the Southern Hemisphere, as along with the mechanisms involved, is systematically investigated. In four reanalysis datasets, the composite atmospheric circulation anomaly in austral winter over the Amundsen Sea during La Niña is situated more to the west than during El Niño. This asymmetric feature is reproduced by ECHAM5.3.2 forced with both composite and idealized symmetric sea surface temperature anomalies. Utilizing a linear baroclinic model, we find that ENSO-triggered circulation anomalies in the subtropics can readily extract kinetic energy from the climatological mean flow and develop efficiently at the exit of the subtropical jet stream (STJ). The discrepancy in the location of the STJ between El Niño and La Niña causes asymmetric circulation responses by affecting the energy conversion. During El Niño years, anomalous tropical convective precipitation increases the meridional temperature gradient, which in turn leads to the strengthening of the STJ and the eastward movement of the jet core and jet exit in the Pacific. With the movement of the STJ exit, the wave train tends to develop over the eastern region. The opposite is the case during La Niña when the westward shift of the jet exit favors the development of the wave train in the western region. Our findings expand the current understanding regarding ENSO teleconnection.


This study showed no trends between reaction time and interstimulus intervals and reaction time and time blocks under knowledge of results or no knowledge of results. An ABC × S variance design of reaction time scores showed only knowledge of results by Ss was statistically reliable. The source of this variance was attributed to sex differences. Results showed that under knowledge of results fast mean reaction time (males) was associated with high skin conductance. For females slow mean reaction time was associated with low conductance. Under the no knowledge of results condition, females showed slower mean reaction time than males. Their conductance scores showed significantly greater variability without knowledge of results than under the knowledge condition. Males under no knowledge show mean conductance scores as high as those under knowledge of results. However, their mean reaction time scores under the no knowledge condition was significantly lower than under knowledge of results. It was concluded that males, contrasted with females, respond differentially to knowledge and no knowledge of results in simple reaction time studies. As males show high conductance and females high variability in conductance under no knowledge of results, an inhibition-reinforcement theory for vigilance tasks appears inadequate.


Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have largely been used in combination with masonry and concrete structural elements in the last decade. Recent applications showed that new advantages may also be achieved in the field of timber structures, even if currently steel fasteners are used mainly in connecting systems. This study investigated the possibility of using carbon FRP (CFRP) rods as glued-in reinforcement of glulam beams and as glued-in connectors for glulam timber head joints that should transfer flexural moment between two adjacent beams. Half-scale beams were tested both with and without the presence of FRP reinforcement. Flexural behavior of CFRP-reinforced beams was compared with unreinforced beams that were used as control specimens. Two different amounts of CFRP reinforcement were used in the beam section. Experimental results showed a significant influence of the CFRP rods, because the reinforced beams demonstrated an increase in ultimate capacity and stiffness. Experimental results were also compared with numerical analysis, which showed good accordance with regard to the load and deflection values. Full-size head joints were prepared and tested. Flexural behavior of the joints was compared with the mechanical properties of monopiece beams that were used as reference specimens. Three different force transfer lengths were used for the construction of CFRP-timber joints. Experimental results showed that the use of CFRP rods in timber joints was successful, because the capacity of the CFRP-jointed beams was almost the same as that of the monolithic beams for the longest bond length that was adopted. This result is important in order to find an adequate alternative to traditional joints made with steel bolts and plates, which are unable to create rigid connections, increase dramatically the weight of timber structures, and may be subjected to corrosion in an aggressive environment. A numerical modeling based on the virtual work principle was also conducted and theoretical results were found in good accordance with the experimental results for the tested joint.


An investigation was made of the spin-wave theory prediction that for a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material there should be a contribution to the specific heat which is proportional to the temperature to the 3/2 power. Previous measurements by Kouvel of the specific heat of the ferrite Fe/sub 3/O/ sup 4/ indicated the presence of this term. This work was extended to include nickel, lithium, magnesium, and cobalt ferrites. The temperature dependence of the specific heat of these ferrites was measured at liquid helium temperatures and in all cases the spin wave contribution was identified. The exchange integral was computed and the Curie temperature calculated. The Debye characteristic temperatures for these ferrites were also evaluated from these data by separating the lattice contribution from the spin wave contribution to the specific heat. A detailed description of the experimental techniques, the equipment, and the samples is included. (M.C.G.)


Thank you for reading orthodontic management of the dentition with the preadjusted appliance. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this orthodontic management of the dentition with the preadjusted appliance, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.


Van der Waals perturbation theory is used to calculate fluid-solid phase diagrams for a system of perturbed-hard-sphere chains. In both fluid and solid phases, the free energy is the sum of a hardsphere-chain term as the reference system, and a van der Waals term as the pertUrbation. The reference system for both phases follows from the Percus-Y evick integral theory coupled with Chiew's results for hard chains. An analytic model for the solid-phase reference term of a hardchain system agrees well with computer-simulation data for the solid hard-chain compressibility. Simulation data for fluid-solid coexistence curves for hard spheres, and for 4-mer hard chains, are used to fit the reference Helmholtz free energy of the solid phase. The pressure and solidand fluid densities at the hard-chain melting point, predicted by our model, fairly reproduce the available simulation data at different chain lengths. The attractive perturbation term follows from an inverse-power potential with variable exponent n for both fluid and solid phases. The theory here presented reproduces the simulated phase diagrams of chain-like molecules and gives the correct trend for experimental melting points of normal alkanes. (


The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality of the ILS library collection of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (FHSS) in Osijek, Croatia and its congruence with the curriculum.
The quality of the collection is measured using the check-list method. The required and optional reading lists of the Department of Information Sciences at the FHSS (academic year 2011/2012) are used as standard lists that the library holdings are compared to.
The results found that the library does not have 30.8 per cent of the titles on the reading lists. The remaining 33.9 per cent of the titles are accessible in the library, 28.5 per cent are free electronic resources, and 6.8 per cent of titles are accessible for students through the Department's Moodle, Learning Management System.
The study provides data about the titles available and not available in the FHSS library. However, it does not differentiate between the titles on the required and optional reading lists.
This study provides the FHSS librarians with the list of titles that should be obtained in the near future.
In Croatia, very few papers on collection assessment have been published so far, and this is the first study about the quality of a library collection at the University of Osijek. The paper attempts to fill that gap and contribute to a deeper understanding of the quality of library collections in the Croatian academic setting.


The resonance enhancement of an optoacoustic signal is used to obtain a reliable discriminator in order to stabilize the output frequency of a CO2 laser. The CO2 laser is maintained on the 9P(36) emission line, the methyl alcohol vapor pressure within the acoustic cell is maintained at a value pg =1 Torr, and the chopper frequency is fixed at the fundamental longitudinal resonant frequency of the cylindrical resonator throughout the experiment. Utilizing a back electret condenser microphone to detect the optoacoustic signal, a reliable discriminator is obtained for a value of pump power as low as 10 mW.


The functioning of the centres, where the places of religious worship are located, is connected with the occurrence of periodic impediments resulting from the large influx of pilgrims in selected periods, so called pilgrimage peaks. The research conducted is aimed at developing a functioning model of the centres in which large religious events are organized on a regular basis to facilitate more effective involvement of the city residents in providing services for arriving pilgrims – tourists and to contribute to the sustainable development of the centres with similar characteristics. The article presents selected procedures related to the organization and securing of seasonal pilgrimages and analysis of preparations for the celebration of the World Youth Day in Czestochowa, as well as presents the considerations on functioning of the city during this period.


Abstract : Inspired by the roles of hair cells in nature, this study aims to develop and characterize two new sets of novel flow sensors. One set of sensors developed and studied in this work are flow sensors fabricated using carbon nanomaterials. These sensors are made by embedding carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanohorns (CNH) into a polymeric substrate and then tested by flowing a conductive aqueous solution over the surface of the exposed CNT and CNH. In response, a flow-dependent voltage is generated. The surface coverage and the electrical relationship between the sensor and water is investigated and the voltage measurements of sensors with different levels of resistance were tested in varying fluid velocities. In response to these fluid velocities, the least resistive sensor showed small, but detectable changes in voltages, while higher resistance sensors showed less response. In addition, plasma treatment of the carbon nanomaterial/PDMS films were conducted in order to render the PDMS on the surface hydrophilic and in turn to pull more fluid towards the carbon material. This showed to improve the sensitivity of the flow sensors. This work also builds on previous research by investigating the flow dependent electrical response of a 'skin'-encapsulated artificial hair cell in an aqueous flow. An artificial cell membrane is housed in a flexible polyurethane substrate and serves as the transduction element for the artificial hair cell. Flow experiments are conducted by placing the bio-inspired sensor in a flow chamber and subjecting it to pulse-like flows. This study demonstrates that the encapsulated artificial hair cell flow sensor is capable of sensing changes in flow through a mechanoelectrical response and that its sensing capabilities may be altered by varying its surface morphology.


To examine pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in children with cerebral palsy (CP) at baseline and in response to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), and correlate outcomes compared with age‐matched comparisons, to evaluate their ability to mount an immune response.


K(-TA KINABALU:. Just like any boy his age 11-year-old Kenny Sim Yi Hau loves eating chocolate candy bars and enjoys playing Playstation games. However, he is no nornmal child. He was born with haemophilia. Sim, who hails from Sandakan, suffers from painful swelling on his left knee and left ankle, due to frequent bleeding into the joints (common among haemophilia patients). Hence, he walks with it limp and needs a wheelchair off and on to ease the pain. Sim :s plight drew the attention of Universiti Malaysia Sabah's Deputy ViceChancellor (Research and Innovation), Professor Dr Rosnah Ismail, (luring their recent collaboration with the Haemophilia Society of Malaysia in organising a "haemophilia Health Camp 2011". Rosnah, together with the Haemostasis Laboratory team from the UMS School of Medicine and staff of Hospital Sandakan, initiated a project to help this little boy regain his walking abilities called "A Life Without Wheelchair, Kenny! -A Haemophilia Patient. "


In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t The design and optimization of a coupled multicomponent distillation system is a non-linear and mul-tivariable problem. The complexity of this kind of problem results in high solving difficulty. This paper addresses the application of genetic algorithms to the optimization of intensified distillation systems for quaternary distillations. We used a multiobjective genetic algorithm with restrictions coupled to the Aspen Plus TM process simulator for the evaluation of the objective function. Several mixtures to test the effect of relative volatilities of feed mixtures on energy consumption, second law efficiency, total annual cost and theoretical control properties have been studied. Numerical performance shows that this design tool is robust and suitable for the design of coupled multicomponent distillation sequences.


In Drosophila melanogaster a series of dominant modifiers of the X-linked eye-colour gene zeste (z, yellow eyes in females, wild-type red eyes in males) and a series of new and previously isolated Minutes (short fine bristles, prolonged development, homozygous lethals) have been examined for their ability to modify the eye colour in z males, where the yellow eye phenotype is evoked by different duplications or triplications of white (w). Most Minutes suppress the yellow eye colour of z males with the long duplication Dp(1: 1)wrG(= Dp(z-w)) but have no effect if the z males bear the small intragenic aberrations wts or Tr(w+R). The suppressors of z, denominated Su(z)-genes, have a strong effect on z wts, turning the yellow-brown male phenotype to red wild-type eye colour. z Dp(1: 1)wrG is also drastically suppressed by the Su(z)-genes, but only the strongest suppressors are able to modify the eye colour of z Tr(w+R) males.


Background:
 Cannabinoids are hypothesized to cause cardiovascular disease including stroke; this is potentially due to dysregulation of endogenous lipid mediator endocannabinoids and their G-protein coupled receptors. Our aim is to investigate cannabinoid use in patients with acute ischemic stroke and determine associations between stroke subtype and functional outcome at 90-days.

 Methods:
 This is a retrospective, observational, cohort study of consecutive patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke to our Comprehensive Stroke Center. We included patients 60 years or younger who had a drug screen performed during their acute stroke hospitalization. We compared demographic factors, stroke subtype, and 90-day functional outcomes between the two groups (Cannabinoid positive vs. Cannabinoid negative). Stroke subtype was determined based on TOAST criteria, ESUS criteria and good outcome was defined as mRS 0-1 at 90-days.

 Results:
 We identified 256 patients who met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 50 years, 61% were men and 20% were cannabinoid positive. Cannabinoid positive patients were younger (47.0 ± 10.7 vs. 50.5 ± 8.5, p = 0.032) and more likely to test positive for cocaine (17.3% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.002). Gender and vascular risk factors including smoking were similar between cannabinoid positive and negative patients. Cannabinoid positive patients were more likely to have a stroke related to large artery atherosclerosis (23.0% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.020). In an adjusted binary regression analysis, cannabinoid use was associated with non-significantly lower odds of good outcome (OR 0.61 95% CI 0.31 -1.23, p = 0.1).

 Conclusions:
 Cannabinoid use is associated with atherosclerotic stroke subtypes and a non-significantly reduced likelihood of good functional recovery. Larger studies are needed to further test these associations.


Spine tumors remain a hot topic because of their associated morbidity by affecting motor and sensory function. Contrary to metastatic spine disease (MSD), extremely prevalent, rise within or surrounding the spinal cord and/or vertebral column, primary spinal tumors are rare, 5% of all primary skeletal tumors and frequently benign (20%). The diagnostic delay of these tumors, even when benign, is associated with a poor prognosis. Establishing the correct diagnosis is heavily reliant on magnetic resonance imaging and histological confirmation.to provide an overview of the epidemiology, radiological and histopathological of spinal tumors diagnosed in a rheumatology department.A retrospective study consisting of clinical characteristics analysis, laboratory and x-ray examinations, was performed on 40 patients who were hospitalised for a spinal tumor, in a rheumatology department, over 5-year period from 2015 to 2020.A total of 40 patients with a mean age of 66 ± 13.5 years [18-93] and a sex-ratio of 1.1, were included. The most common initial complaints were inflammatory back pain (67.5%) and fatigue (52.5%), with a median duration of 5 months. Physical examination abnormalities included lumbar stiffness (32.5%), radicular signs (18.7%), hepatomegaly (12.5%), and lymphadenopathy (17.5%). Neurological deficit was found in only 3 patients (7.5%). Hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium > 105 mg/l), and anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) < 100 g/l in female, Hb <110g/l in male) were present initially in respectively 47.5% and 46.3% patients, while biological inflammatory syndrome was present in 89.7% patients (median C-reactive protein of 44.7). Tumor markers were performed in 12 patients and they were positive in 9 of them.Plain radiographs findings were vertebral compression fractures (43.6%), osteolytic lesions (30.8%) and osteoblastic lesions (12.5%). Lumbar spine was the most affected (57.5%), followed by the dorsal spine (45%). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 55%, and the most common lesion was low signal intensity on T1-weighted sequences and high signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences (68.1%).In our study, only one patient was diagnosed for a myxopapillary ependymoma, a benign primary spinal tumor characterised by a metastatic dissemination risk. For the rest (39 patients), the diagnosis of bone metastasis, multiple myeloma (57.7%), and of solid tumor cancers (40%), were established. Primary cancers were mainly prostate cancer (37.5%), lung cancer (18.7%) and kidney cancer (18.7%). By a median follow-up time of 25 months, overall survival rate was 30%.Extradural lesions are the most common, and are typically metastatic. Special attention should be pain to the patient's medical history and laboratory abnormalities. In fact, an early diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion.None declared


Synth es is of I Ru (acach(CH,CNh lCl04 has been achieved by an ox idation of [Ru(acac)z(CH,CN)21 with AgC I0 4 or a Cl'{ IV) salt. The complex IRu(acac)2L2]CI04 [ where L = py, 3Me-py, 4Me-py, PPhJ , AsPhJ , 3,5-dimethyfpyrazofe(dmpzH), i llliLiaLolc( I m l. or henzimidazo le(Bzlm), L2= 2,2' -bipyridine(bipy) or f , f O-phenanthroline(phen)] has been synthesized eilher hy Ihe di spl accmcnt of CH1CN in [Ru(acacMCH,CNh lCI04 by L or L2 or by the oxidation of [Ru(acac)2L2] using A~C I O.I or a Cc(IV) salt and characterized using elemental analyses, magnetic and condu cti vity data, IR , UV-visible, 'H ' ivlR and ES R spectral data and cyc lic vo ltammetri c studies.


The need for keeping science teachers up-to-date is stronger than ever, but science curricula and teaching is often still focused on outdated approaches and knowledge. We will discuss some of the strong forces that shape the transformations of knowledge from research to curriculum and to classroom - Chevallard (1991)'s Didactical Transposition (DT) - and propose a different approach specifically for teacher professional development. Our research question is: can a different approach reduce detrimental effects of these processes on teacher development and their educational practice? We will bring arguments for an inverted approach that could improve or circumvent DT. We then present the Jump-To-Science (JTS) project developed since 2006, and discuss some results on the basis of on-line questionnaires administered in 2013 (39 responses) and 2019 (47) addressing teachers' use and perception of JTS. The readership of JTS has regularly grown over the years, suggesting relevance. Respondents mentioned JTS's importance for their teaching and their awareness of changes in biology. The use of primary articles increased 2013-2019. Teachers' engagement in the use of primary literature for themselves and for their students is worth noting and promising (effectively using the opportunity to jump to science). Taken together, the results suggest that JTS succeeds in empowering an important fraction of the biology teachers to read authentic scientific research, circumventing the knowledge transformation effects of DT. This might support a progressive move towards more up-to-date and active learning strategies by confronting learners with more authentic sources.
Background: Chevallard's Didactical Transposition (DT) research shows that scientific knowledge as it percolates from research into classrooms is transformed before it can be used by teachers. It loses the context in which it was elaborated and a large part of its uncertainty, and becomes definitive and generalized in order to be taught. The knowledge teachers effectively use has inspirational thrust, is craft legitimated and locally adapted, proximal and available (Huberman,1983), in stark contrast to classical academic literature.
Purpose: This contribution discusses a new approach to address the difficult question of keeping in-service secondary school teachers up-to-date with the continuous progress of biology research. Our research question is: can a different approach reduce most of the detrimental effects of the growing distance between taught biology and research biology on teachers' development and their educational practice?
Setting: First we will bring arguments for an inverted approach that could improve or circumvent DT. We then propose a sample project in a local setting (Geneva, Switzerland) that implements this approach developed over 15 years, and discuss some results. Understanding these knowledge transformations as inevitable transposition steps rather than bad popularization enables a new approach: rather than attempting to popularize differently down to teachers, the Jump-To-Science (JTS) project proposes helping teachers up to scientific knowledge directly in its most authentic available form: in scientific journals. It also takes into account the characteristics of knowledge that research identifies as effectively used by teachers: it carefully shares teachers' values, and gives tokens of teaching experience, and highlights the practical usability in classrooms.
Methods: A 2019 survey study evaluates the perceived use and usefulness of the JTS publication using descriptive or exploratory statistics. We received 47 responses from a total subscriber population of 443. We present some frequencies for all respondents and compare these to results from an earlier 2013 survey (N=39). We then focus on the secondary teacher subpopulation in the 2019 sample (N=27). Correlations were computed with Spearman's rho. We conducted a principal component analysis on seven questions with 4-point response items and identified three dimensions of use and usefulness explaining 72.4% of the variance. A K-means procedure that is appropriate for ordinal data was used to create a typology of these teachers and we identified an interesting three groups solution.
Results: JTS has been published since 2006 and readership regularly increased (currently 443), an indicator of perceived relevance. 83% of respondents to the 2019 survey (N=47) consider that JTS is important for their teaching and their awareness of changes in biology, up from 60% in an earlier 2013 survey (N=39). 73% believe JTS has changed the approach of some chapters in their teaching, compared to 60% in the 2013 survey. Use of original materials reaches 86% in 2019. Cluster analysis of the 27 secondary teacher sub-population who responded reveals different types in the use of JTS. Some moderately or strongly engage JTS in the use of external resources for themselves and for students, effectively using the opportunity to jump to science, while others engage JTS for teaching improvement but rarely read original articles, using JTS as a form of teacher-adapted popularization. The most interesting correlation in this subset (N=27) is that teachers who follow up primary literature discussed in JTS articles for themselves also offer some of these to students.
Conclusions: Our exploratory analysis suggests that there are different types of engagement in primary literature: it is either read and distributed as resources for student learning, read for teachers' own use, or ignored (teachers rely on JTS's summaries and comments). Taken together our results suggest that JTS succeeds in empowering an important fraction of the local biology teachers to read authentic research results, which can be interpreted as circumventing the knowledge transformation effects of TD.This could give rise to a slow evolution from a classical transmissive style (teacher informs, summarizes, transposes and diffuses knowledge) towards more up-to-date and active learning strategies by confronting learners with more authentic sources.
Keywords: Teacher training; science education, didactical transposition


One-tube nested PCR assay based on the detection of Salmonella-specific invA gene using well defined primer sets was developed. Swine feaces spiked with S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis were used as a sample model. The assay was able to detect 150 CFU/g feaces compared to 15 CFU/ml in saline solution. Simultaneously, the detection level of the applied single PCR tests as well as conventional nPCR reached 150 and 15 CFU/ml of saline solution and 15x10 7 and 15x10 2 CFU/g of swine feaces, respectively. The sensitivity of the test was increased up to 15 CFU/g using enrichment in buffered peptone water for 4 h. No serovar-dependent differences were observed. It is concluded that 4-step procedure including 4-h non selective pre-enrichment, DNA extraction, PCR amplification and electophoretic detection of known molecular weight product (283 bp) can be used as a screening test for Salmonella detection in swine feaces.


In an effort to address the lack of empirical knowledge about the school librarians' role in technology, the Institute for Museum and Library Services funded Project Leadership-in-Action (LIA) to study leadership practices of school librarians. This current grant project includes a survey of the technology integration practices of school librarians with National Board Certification. Survey results revealed that the 295 respondents work in well-resourced libraries with personnel assistance as well as numerous computers and devices. Respondents reported that they led school technology integration in many areas but also had areas in which to improve, such as providing services to special needs learners, building digital collections, participating in student assessment, and transferring their leadership success to professional and local communities.


Device for inserting safety anchorages in human or animal tissue, in particular for fastening plastic nets, with an actuating element (10), which is displaceable for insertion process from a starting position to a position advance in a forward direction (11) and which is recoverable in the opposite direction to the feed direction (11) towards its starting position, with a needle (13) which can be pushed forward by the actuating element (10) during its advance from the starting position to the forward position and can be retracted during replenishment from the forward position to the starting position, the needle has at the front end relative to the feed direction (11) one needle tip, with several safety anchorages, which each have a shank (4) which can be pressed into the tissue, at least one part (5) projecting over sugarcane (4) with one hand after ero from the front end of the needle (13) and a passage (8) through the securing anchor (3) and which are arranged on the needle (13) passing through its flow channels (8) with a piece press fitting (16) displaced forward during advancement of the triggering part (10) from its starting position towards the forward position for pressing in the safety anchorage (3) forwardmost in each case relative to the direction of advance and is in a standby position near the tip of the needle into the tissue and a monitoring mechanism for the movement, directed towards the tip of the needle, safety anchors (3) which are located behind the safety anchorage that pressure be introduced into the tissue during the insertion process, wherein the piece press fitting (16) has a section (17) which extien of the state completely filled device with safety anchors (3) on several safety anchorages (3) towards the front end of the needle (13) and the front end are arranged elements incidence (18 ) to impinge on the back side of at least one part (5) projecting forwardly of a safety anchorage (3), and that the elements of incidence (18) of the piece press fitting (16) can be transferred during resetting of the actuating element (10) from its forward position to its starting position on or around a part (5) projecting forwardly of the safety anchorage (3) next rear and can be supported on the rear side of at least one part (5) projecting forwardly of the safety anchorage (3) next rear.


From the perspective of culture studies,the paper aims to show the cultural integration in the trilogy of campus novel written by David Lodge.In the formal aspect,binary structure and intertexuality are used to show the multiple and dialogic na-ture of the trilogy.Therefore,the form and content of cultural in-tegration are harmoniously complemented with each other.