This master thesis is carried out for independent research organisation TNO, who initiated the Biogas Socket project in 2008. The Biogas Socket project is part of TNO's 'Innovation for Development programme', wherein high tech development and low-tech innovations contribute to stimulate economic growth and prosperity in BoP countries. This project targets the upper part of the BoP; subsistence farmers that own at least two cows and have a small additional income. They own a domestic biogas digester and are not connected to the grid. The combination of having a surplus of biogas and a lack of electricity in rural areas is where TNO identified room for innovation. Rather then letting the methane being released into the atmosphere, TNO started a product development project wherein the left over biogas is used to generate electricity; The Biogas Socket. The Biogas Socket is a sustainable, robust and inexpensive device that uses the heat of a biogas flame to transform the gas into electricity; enough to provide rural villagers with basic lighting and to power their low energy household appliances. Having the possibility to charge a phone at home saves a family recurring costs for charging and hours of traveling towards the charging station in the village. Owning a good lighting solution and having more time gives a family the possibility to undertake income generating or social activities at night and enables children to study. Goal of the graduation project is to elaborat¬e on the user perspective of the Biogas Socket and define the user-product interactions. By involving the end users, a technical prototype developed by TNO, is taken a step further towards a user-friendly product. One part of the graduation assignment is a research on the needs, wishes and concerns of rural families in Rwanda. These findings lead to a list of product requirements and a design proposal for a user friendly Biogas Socket, covering design improvements in the field of human-product interaction. The user insights and design ideas are to be used by a design company who will further develop the product. A one-to-one model of the design proposal and a user scenario are made. The relatively long local presence during this graduation project makes it possible to gain insights on the process from both the Dutch as the Rwandan point of view. Observations of the current co-creation process lead to a suggestion for a new process approach. Part of the graduation assignment is to develop a protocol that facilitates field research, similar to that what is conducted for the graduation project. The protocol can help TNO and partners to do similar research in other countries. For the next step in the Biogas Socket project, wherein prototypes will be tested with end-users, two test protocols are needed; one protocol to guide the first testing phase wherein a functioning prototype is tested in rural households, and a second protocol for the testing phase wherein 10 optimised prototypes are placed and tested in context.


Reactions between eta(3)-allylpalladium chloride dimer, 1,8-di-azabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1-amino-2-fluoro-1-perfluoroethyl-3 -phenylprop-1-en-3-one or 1,12-diamino-2,11-difluoro-1,12-bis(perfluorobutyl)dodeca-1,11-diene- 3,10-dione simultaneously provided two types of Pd-II complexes. One is an anionic eta(3)-allylpalladium complex with protonated DBU as counterion while the other is a neutral eta(3)-allyl(beta-ketoiminato)palladium complex. A mechanism involving the amidine function of DBU in the formation of the two complexes is proposed. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


The long-range prospect for the use of solar energy through photosynthesis to produce solid, liquid, and gaseous fuel seems reasonably well assured. The technology for such fuels is already well developed. Their extensive use awaits a favorable price level for delivered biomass and a major shift in agricultural and silvacultural practice through which energy crops become comparable in value to traditional crops. The transition to this new mode will take place gradually and at varying rates in different parts of the world. In countries like the United States with abundant reserves of coal and oil shale it is likely to be delayed, while an early onset seems most likely in the humid tropics where the production of solar-derived solid fuel and alcohol can eliminate all dependence on imported oil. When tropical agrisilvaculture has become widely deployed, the countries in this region can begin to benefit from a growing, lucrative, and assured market for alcohol to replace gasoline. The prospects are also promising in the case of the direct use of solar energy for hot water and for heating buildings. As the cost of oil, natural gas, and electricity escalates and scarcities develop, such solar-heating systems seem certain to be increasinglymore » adopted. Only in the case of the direct or indirect use of the sun for the generation of the central-station electricity in utility systems does the long-range prospect for solar energy seem economically unfeasible, mainly because of the high costs for equipment and maintenance and the insecurity of the investment.« less


Container (1, 20) for a melt (2), especially for a metal melt, preferably a molten lead, with an opening (7, 21) of the container (1, 20) covering the cover (4, 22), a gas supply means (8 , 30, 31, 32) through which (in the container 1, 20) between the cover (4, 22) and a surface (3) of a melt (2) a gas can be supplied to a (in the cover 4, 20 ) formed the passage opening (5, 23, 25, 26, 27) which releases the surface (3) of the melt (2) partially, and with an apron (6, 39, 40, 41, 42) (the through-hole 5 , 23, 25, 26, 27) at least partially surrounds and partially (in the melt 2) projects, characterized in that the apron (6, 39, 40, 41, 42) through bores (9, 44).


ABSTRACT The existing guidelines for security sector reform (SSR) tend to draw on theoretical work in the field of civil–military relations, which in turn has been derived from Western, liberal democratic models of governance. Although guidelines strongly advise that local culture and context need to be considered when drawing up objectives for post-conflict SSR programmes, this is not often reflected in practice. This article considers some of the reasons for this, citing both in-country challenges and donor-related issues, and suggests that one of the biggest problems is a lack of alternative, non-orthodox models of civil–military relations to draw upon. It is further suggested that elements of suitable alternative models may be found in states which possess political structures not entirely dissimilar to the Western, liberal democratic ideal, but which can offer different perspectives. Detailed research of these structures should produce a pool of sub-models which could then be employed to create bespoke, culturally appropriate objectives for use in post-conflict SSR programmes.


Cartosat-1 satellite, launched on 5 May 2005, is designed to deliver high-resolution spatial data of better than 2.5m in stereo with ~27 km swath. The twin panchromatic cameras (Fore & Aft), with a fixed base-to-height ratio 0.62, image the terrain through alongtrack stereo almost simultaneously. The primary mission goal of this Indian satellite is to generate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of a geographic region of interest (e. g. country) to facilitate the user communities of remote sensing and cartography. Space Applications Centre, ISRO, India has developed & demonstrated a technology to extract DEM from Cartosat-1's high resolution stereo data based on geometric modelling of long stereo strips using a few Ground Control Points (GCPs). This geometric modelling technique has been termed as Stereo Strip Triangulation (SST) for which dual camera space resection software is the core. It utilizes GCP observations from Fore & Aft cameras and rigorous photogrammetric imaging geometry model in order to update spacecraft attitude parameters to the geometric accuracies of < 15m in planimetry. The SST technique is advantageous due to robustness of modelling and reduction in GCP requirements. The reason is that, the same GCP is visible in both Fore & Aft images; thereby a single GCP contributes to two observations in the modelling process simultaneously. In addition to the updated satellite orientations, DEM over a strip as well as Triangulated Control Points (TCPs) are the outputs of SST software.This paper presents the outcome of the exercises aimed at demonstrating the SST performance for (i) modelling long stereo strips and (ii) extension feasibility of the model over those imaged areas which are devoid of GCPs. * Corresponding author.


Building a practical detector to achieve the attractive merits of large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is not a trivial task. However, low-complexity linear detectors could achieve a satisfactory performance for uplink massive MIMO, but such detectors involve unfavorable matrix inversions, whose not a hardware friendly. This paper considers several approximate matrix inversion methods to avoid a direct matrix inversion, namely, the Neumann method, the Gauss-Seidel (GS), the successive over-relaxation (SOR), the Jacobi method, the Richardson method, the optimized coordinate descent (OCD), and the conjugate gradients (CG) method. This paper shows that the MMSE detector based on the SOR and GS methods outperform the other detectors when the ratio between the number of BS antennas and user terminal antennas (ß) varies from small to large values. It also investigates the selection of ω for both Richardson and SOR methods. The optimum performance can be achieved when $\omega=\frac{2}{\lambda}$ in the Richardson method. This paper shows that not every iteration has a positive impact on the performance.


Background. Bispecific antibodies that target tumors by engaging innate-like T cell subsets with inherent antitumor activity, such as Vγ9Vδ2-T and type 1 natural killer T (NKT) cells, may combine high therapeutic efficacy with limited off-tumor toxicity. Type 1 NKT cells respond to self and foreign (glyco)lipid antigens presented in the context of the MHC class I like molecule CD1d which is expressed on various malignancies. Vγ9Vδ2-T cells respond to intracellular accumulation of phosphoantigens in cancer cells by sensing conformational alterations in the butyrophilin (BTN) 2A1-3A1 complex. CD1d is expressed by the majority of patients with CLL and MM, while expression in AML is most pronounced on (myelo)monocytic subtypes.
 Methods. LAVA-051 is a 27kD humanized bispecific single domain antibody (bsVHH) that directly engages CD1d and the Vδ2-TCR chain of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells. The anti-CD1d VHH specifically stabilizes the interaction between CD1d and the type 1 NKT cell TCR and thereby triggers strong activation of type 1 NKT cells (Nature Cancer 2020;1:1054-1065). Vγ9Vδ2-T and type 1 NKT effector cell activation, proliferation, cytokine production and target cell lysis were assessed in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. Due to lack of cross reactivity of LAVA-051 with non-human primate (NHP) CD1d and Vγ9Vδ2-T cells, a cross-reactive surrogate bispecific engager was generated to assess tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters.
 Results. The CD1d-Vδ2 bsVHH LAVA-051 triggers activation of both Vγ9Vδ2-T and type 1 NKT cells (EC 50 4 pM for Vγ9Vδ2-T and 366 pM for type 1 NKT; induction of > 80% degranulation in 4h assays) and mediates potent killing of CD1d expressing tumor cells by engagement of Vγ9Vδ2-T and/or type 1 NKT cells (EC 50 1 pM for Vγ9Vδ2-T and 216 pM for type 1 NKT; > 85% target cell lysis in 16h assays at a low 1:2 E:T ratio). Further, LAVA-051 triggered pro-inflammatory cytokine production, proliferation of Vγ9Vδ2-T and type 1 NKT cells, and exerted substantial antitumor activity against patient AML, CLL and MM cells that express CD1d and improved survival in in vivo T-ALL, AML and MM mouse models. Multiple dose studies in NHP (7 daily doses up to 1 mg/kg iv) showed clear Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engagement and some cytokine release after the first administration, but no clinical, laboratory, or histopathological toxicity. Reflecting the low molecular size of this bispecific engager, PK studies revealed a short plasma half-life which was however compensated for by prolonged (up to 5 days) binding of the engager to peripheral blood Vγ9Vδ2-T cells allowing intermittent dosing.
 Conclusions. In this study, we demonstrate that the CD1d-Vδ2 bsVHH LAVA-051 triggers activation of both type 1 NKT and Vγ9Vδ2-T cells, which translates directly into antitumor activity. Based on the expression of CD1d in CLL, MM, and AML, the strong preclinical activity of LAVA-051 against CD1d-expresssing tumors, and the favorable tolerability profile of the surrogate engager in NHP, LAVA-051 is currently evaluated in a first-in-human clinical Phase 1/2a study in patients with CD1d-expressing CLL, MM, or AML refractory to prior therapy (NCT04887259).

 Lameris: Lava Therapeutics: Honoraria, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Ruben: Lava Therapeutics: Current Employment, Honoraria, Research Funding. Weerdt: LAVA Therapeutics: Research Funding. Roovers: LAVA Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. van de Donk: Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Servier: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cellectis: Research Funding. Broyl: Amgen: Honoraria; Bristol-Meyer Squibb: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria. Kater: Abbvie: Honoraria, Other: Ad Board, Research Funding; Janssen, AstraZeneca: Other: Ad Board, steering committee, Research Funding; Genmab, LAVA: Other: Ad Board, Steering Committee; BMS, Roche/Genentech: Other: Ad Board, , Research Funding. Riedl: LAVA THerapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Genmab BV: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Iglesias: LAVA therapeutics: Current Employment. Winograd: LAVA therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Ended employment in the past 24 months; BMS: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Adang: LAVA therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. de Gruijl: LAVA therapeutics: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; DCPrime: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Macrophage Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Partner Tx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Idera Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; ORCA Therapeutics: Patents & Royalties. Parren: Lava Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; Sparring Bioconsult BV: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genmab: Patents & Royalties; Roche: Consultancy. Vliet: Lava Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Glycostem: Research Funding.


Objective:Vestibular dysfunction may lead to decreased visual acuity with head movements, which may impede athletic performance and result in injury. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that athletes with history of concussion would have differences in gaze stabilization test (GST) as compared with those without a history of concussion. Design:Cross-sectional, descriptive. Setting:University Athletic Medicine Facility. Participants:Fifteen collegiate football players with a history of concussion, 25 collegiate football players without a history of concussion. Intervention:Participants completed the dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), static visual acuity, perception time test, active yaw plane GST, stability evaluation test (SET), and a bedside oculomotor examination. Main Outcome Measures:Independent samples t test was used to compare GST, SET, and DHI scores per group, with Bonferroni-adjusted alpha at P < 0.01. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the clinical performance of the GST and SET. Results:Athletes with previous concussion had a larger GST asymmetry score [mean (M) = 12.40, SD = 9.09] than those without concussion (M = 4.92, SD = 4.67; t (18.70) = −2.955, P = 0.008, 95% CI, −12.79 to −2.18, d = −1.37). Clinical performance of the GST (AUC = 0.77) was better than the SET (AUC = 0.61). Conclusions:Results suggest peripheral vestibular or vestibular–visual interaction deficits in collegiate athletes with a history of concussion. The results support further research on the use of GST for sport-related concussion evaluation and monitoring. Clinical Relevance:Inclusion of objective vestibular tests in the concussion protocol may reveal the presence of peripheral vestibular or visual–vestibular deficits. Therefore, the GST may add an important perspective on the effects of concussion.


One of the challenges in the development in blended learning is to facilitate the individual learning styles of the learners. The alignment of a learning styles assessment with a learning methodology, a ma pping between learning styles and social media, recommendations in a guide book for facilitators and a checklist provide a tool set for a sustainable appr oach for a responsive learning environment. This paper analyzes how the d ifferent approaches, methods and studies interact to form an overall too l set to develop a learnercentered mix in blended learning. It proposes a too l set to adapt blended learning to the learning styles of the learners.


Pion exchange is the central ingredient to nucleon-nucleon interactions used in nuclear structure calculations, and one pion exchange (OPE) enters at leading order in chiral effective field theory. In the 2 S +1 L J = 1 S 0 partial wave, however, OPE and a contact term needed for proper renormalization fail to produce the qualitative, and quantitative, features of the scattering phase shifts. Cutoff variation also revealed a surprisingly low breakdown momentum Λ b ≈ 330 MeV in this partial wave. Here we show that potentials consisting of OPE, two pion exchange (TPE), and a single contact address these problems and yield accurate and renormalization group (RG) invariant phase shifts in the 1 S 0 partial wave. We demonstrate that a leading-order potential with TPE can be systematically improved by adding a contact quadratic in momenta. For momentum cutoffs Λ (cid:46) 500 MeV, the removal of relevant physics from TPE loops needs to be compensated by additional contacts to keep RG invariance. Inclusion of the ∆ isobar degree of freedom in the potential does not change the strong contributions of TPE.


In this paper, we evaluate the accuracy of our examplebased method to infer a grammatical category of unknown words in Japanese input sentences. We focus on the similarity of a sequence of POS and other surficial information of words surrounding unknown words in sentences. We change the length of POS sequence around unknown words and the number of similar example sentences to infer word category, to study the effects of these factors on accuracy and computational time. We compare our proposed example-based inference of unknown word category with the other inference methods by rearranging these factors. As a result, we got conclusion that we should use the nearest POS sequence as a query to retrieve example sentences similar to an input sentence and also the most similar one to get more correct accuracy of unknown word POS inference. Key WordsPart-Of-Speech; POS sequence; Similarity; Category Inference; Unknown Word;


The first glaciological observation was made at Kuwanoki-zawa perennial snow patch, which is located on the north side, ca. 800m, above sea level, of Mt. Komagatake (2, 002m) in Niigata Prefecture. Its size on August 4, 1977 was 250m in length, 40m in width and 15-20m (estimated) in depth. The total volume was estimated to be ca. 100, 000m3. The structure of the snow layers as deep as 10m was observed by the use a hand auger. It was foundthat the core samples obtained from different depths were of the same quality, with the density of 0.65, and clean. It is considered that this snow patch is formed of the debris of slub avalanches. It was not possible to recognize the summer surface because it was deeper than 10m. From the size of the snow patch on the day of investigation and from its melting speed, it is assumed that the patch is perennial. As the shape of a snow patch is greatly influenced by the meteorological conditions, the shape of the lower edge of the snowpatch was surveyed quite accurately.


own political ends could increase the risk of war. So could the offensive character of military forces in the region, especially in Central Europe. Should deterrence threaten to break down, these put a military premium on surprise attack and may drive the decision-makers across the nuclear threshold. In this way, Europe might once again become the main battlefield, not for reasons of its own, but because it serves as the main area of military confrontation in the global hegemonic struggle between the


The process of individual antogonism for tank is analyzed.It is divided into two phases: first attack phase and counter attack phase.Then based on the probabilistic method,the mathematical models for different phases are constructed.The measures of effectiveness,such as the probability of mission success,the probability of target's damage,the probability of survival,are defined and presented.Finally,the potential factors which affect the result of combat are discussed.These can be theory bases for the analysis of tank's operational effectiveness.


A modification of the classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals is discussed that allows for the creation of a set of perfectly orthogonal transmit signals sharing the same bandwidth. These signals can be employed for performing radar measurements with multiple transmitters being simultaneously active, for example, in radar networks or multi-input multi-output radar applications. Since all the signals of the individual transmitters occupy the full available bandwidth, no deterioration of the achievable range resolution occurs. This study comprises both the theoretical considerations as well as the verification simulations and measurements. A particular focus is on the requirements regarding the frequency and time synchronisation of the individual signals and their impact on the achievable performance. The influence of possible Doppler shifts is also considered. Finally, a performance comparison with classical code-based multiple user access techniques is provided. The achieved results demonstrate that the proposed multi-carrier waveforms clearly outperform the classical code-based approach under realistic assumptions of synchronisation accuracy.


Among the arguments presented by Socrates as proofs for the everlastingness of the human soul the last one has greatly puzzled philosophers because it seems that, in opposition to the earlier arguments,' Plato considered this last argument conclusive. For, whereas earlier in the discussion the partners of the dialogue, Simmias and Cebes, raise objections and Socrates tries to meet their criticism, at the end of the last argument he claims: "Then this is most certain that the soul is immortal and imperishable and that our souls will really exist in Hades" (106e). And at this point Socrates obtains his partners' final consent. For, though Simmias admits that he still entertains doubts, it seems that Plato wants to attribute this to the natural difficulties we encounter when arguments have to overcome fears, not to shortcomings of the argument itself (cf. 107 a/b). For with Socrates' calm reassurance that further scrutiny of its presuppositions would finally lead to a state of conviction as far as this is humanly possible, the argumentative part of the dialogue ends (107 b9) .2 What follows is Socrates' mythical description of the soul's afterlife and, finally, the narrative of Socrates' peaceful death among his friends. Because of Socrates'/Plato's apparent confidence in this last argument it has always attracted special attention. And in recent years there have been various attempts to expose the flaw or flaws in the proof. For, ever since Kant pointed out the unavoidable difficulties that human reason encounters when it tries to transcend the boundaries of sense-experience, the interest of philosophers in arguments of this kind has been mainly a critical one. It is a challenge to a philosopher's skill to expose weaknesses of such arguments, steps which do not follow necessarily or assumptions which one does not have to accept. Furthermore, especially in the case of a philosopher as great as Plato, such a critical investigation promises to be a rewarding task, since one may hope that, if the argument under investigation turns out not to be clearly invalid, one may learn something about those philosophical presuppositions which are not explicitly stated in the argument but tacitly assumed (or argued for earlier in the dialogue), but which are, nevertheless, needed to make the argument go through. In this paper, then, I shall try to defend Plato's argument against those critics who claim that its conclusion is reached by invalid inference and point out


Model predictions of a revised version of the soil compartment model SESOIL are compared with empirical measurements of pollutant transport in soil. A description of SESOIL is given, and modifications to the model are presented. Comparisons are performed using data from a laboratory soil column study involving six chemicals (dicamba, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, atrazine, diazinon, pentachlorophenol, and lindane) and data from three field studies involving the transport of aldicarb and atrazine. Model performance and limitations are discussed. 32 refs., 15 figs., 7 tabs.


In this study,the factors which affect the ISSR-PCR reaction were detected by TaKaRa PCR reaction system of Chenopodium album L.The purified template DNA was extracted from fresh young leaves,the effect of content of Mg2+,templates DNA and Taq DNA polymerase were tested.According to the results of amplifications in gradient it was determined that the optimization ISSR-PCR reaction system in rolumes of 25 mL contained 2.5 μL to XPCR buffer,0.2 mmol/L mixture of dNTPs,0.2 mmol/L primer,1.% mmol/L Mg2+,40 ng of DNA and 1.5 unit Taq DNA Polymerase.


Analysis of forest business development in zones of potential conflict with Mapuche native communities.Plan of "Good Neighborhood" as strategy of linking between the forest enterprise and the neighboring native communities.


Abstract Objectives A maternal diet that provides adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is vital to the neurodevelopment of offspring. Deficiencies in nutrients during fetal growth can lead to altered early life nutritional programming such as spina bifida, a neural tube defect. One-carbon metabolism plays a vital role in the closure of the neural tube of the developing embryo; however, the impact of maternal dietary deficiencies on offspring neurological function later in life remains relatively unknown. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death globally, and its prevalence is expected to increase in younger age groups as the incidence of various risk factors for stroke increases. Furthermore, dietary deficiencies in one-carbon metabolism are a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of maternal nutritional deficiencies on cerebral and peripheral blood flow after ischemic stroke in adult offspring. Methods Adult female C57BL/6J mice were placed on either control (CD), choline (ChDD) or folic acid (FD) deficient diets for four weeks to deplete stores prior to mating. Females were maintained on the assigned diet during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were weaned onto a control diet. Ischemic stroke was induced in the sensorimotor cortex of 2-month-old female (n = 18) offspring using the photothrombosis model. Four weeks after induction of stroke, peak velocity measurements were taken using Pulse Wave Doppler tracing of the posterior cerebral artery. The data was analyzed by 2 individuals blinded to experimental groups and statistical analysis involved conducting a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's pairwise comparison for any significant main effects. Results Female offspring from ChDD mothers had reduced blood flow in the posterior cerebral artery compared to CD mice. We did not observe any changes in offspring from FD dams. Conclusions The findings of our study suggest that a maternal diet deficient in choline results in reduced blood flow in female offspring after ischemic stroke. This result points to the important role of the maternal diet in early life programming, while emphasizing its effects on both fetal development and long-term cerebrovascular health. Additional studies are currently underway to measure blood flow in males and analyze peripheral blood flow in all offspring. Funding Sources AHA and NIH.


The study aimed to compare performance between the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) methods in identifying serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) using the Thai FDA spontaneous database. The two methods were retrospectively applied to identify new, serious ADRs reported with antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs using the data set between 1990 and 2006. We plotted the ROR and the information component against time to compare the differential timing of signal detection and the pattern of signaling over time between these methods. The ROR and the BCPNN methods identified the associations between ART drugs and serious ADRs at the same time. Both methods were similar in detecting the first signal of a potential ADR. However, the pattern of signaling seems relatively different with each method. Additional analyses of different drugs, ADRs, and databases will contribute to increase understanding of methods for postmarketing surveillance using spontaneous reporting system.


This article provides a case study of successful departmental revitalization at the University of San Francisco. We examine the current crisis in the field of sociology and others' recommendations for addressing it. Reforms are out lined that transformed USF Sociology from a nearly extinct program to a model department on campus.


Genetic variation within and between populations of Scutellaria slametensis Sudarmono & B.J.Conn and S. discolor Colebr. on Gunung Slamet (Jawa Tengah, Indonesia) are evaluated by allozyme electrophoresis. Gels stained by 4 enzyme systems, namely, Aspartate aminotransferase (Aat), Esterase (Est), Malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) and Peroxidase (Per), were used to evaluate the number of polymorphic loci. The mean of total number of observed alleles per locus (A) , mean of total number of effective alleles per locus (Ae), percentage of polymorphic loci (Pp%) , and-expected genetic heterozygosity (He) have been generated as parameters of genetic variation. The interpopulation genetic differentiation (FST) and estimated geographic distance between populations were used to evaluate the correlation between genetic differentiation and geographic effect. It was found that S. slametensis is genetically distinct from S. discolor (D = 1.4572). The mean genetic variation of S. slametensis (Pp = 75%,A = 2.00, HE = 0.450) is greater than that of S. discolor (Pp = 25%, , A = 1.25, HE = 0.125). Almost all loci of the latter species are monomorphic and homozygotic, especially population 9 near Baturaden (Pp = 0%, HE = 0; Allele frequencies all = 1). There is a moderately high degree of variation between populations of these two species (FST = 0.585, SE ± 0.092), whereas within-population variation is low (l-FsT= 0.415). Both species are out-breeding (at subpopulation level: FIS = -0.973, SE ± 0.015; and population level: FIT = 0.180, SE ± 0.183), with low levels of gene flow within and between populations (Nm = 0.249, SE ± 0.065). The cromosome number of S. slametensis and S. discolor is 2n = 24. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, vol. 62 no. 1 2010. hal. 155-171


The influence of glucose concentration on Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn toxicity to a Klebsiella sp. was studied by following the degradation of 14C-labeled glucose at pH 6.0. Uptake of 14C into the cells was also determined. The carbon concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 40 mg liter−1, which are equivalent to soluble C concentrations in natural environments. The toxicity of Cu, Cd, and Zn to a Klebsiella sp. was affected considerably by the C concentration. Copper at 10−5 M was toxic when the carbon concentration was 10 or 40 mg liter−1, while at 0.01 to 1.0 mg liter−1 no toxicity was observed. Cadmium and zinc were toxic at 10−2 M in media containing 0.01 to 1.0 mg of C liter−1. At C concentrations greater than 1.0 mg liter−1, the inhibition of glucose degradation and carbon assimilation was observed at 10−3 M Cd and Zn. The toxicity of mercury seemed to be independent of the C concentration. Results of this study showed that the nutritional state of an organism may have a profound effect on its sensitivity to metals. Metals taken up by an energy-driven transport system may be less toxic under conditions of C starvation. The C concentration should be taken into account when evaluating results from toxicity studies, especially as most microorganisms in nature live under energy-limited conditions.


This paper reports the results of a floristic survey caried out in the area faling within the S.A.C. ITA020002 "Boschi di Gibilmanna e Cefalù" (Sicily, Italy), a site with a marked environmental heterogeneity lying from almost sea level to over 1000 meters of altitude. On the basis of our investigations, a total of 605 taxa has been detected, including some endemic or rare species, as Anthemis cupaniana Tod. ex Nyman, Arabis colinaTen. subsp. rosea (DC.) Minuto, Brassica incana Ten., Hieracium racemosumWaldst. & Kit. ex Wild. subsp. crinitum(Sm.) Rouy, Melitis melissophylumL. subsp. albida(Guss.) P.W. Bal., Stachys sylvaticaL., Symphytum gussoneiF.W. Schultz, Viburnum tinusL., etc. A map with floristic emergencies has been prepared in order to highlight the sites with the greatest conservation interest in the area. Besides, the taxonomical, biological and chorological composition of this flora is analyzed and discussed.


Only 30% of adults with ALL are cured. The identification of modifiable prognostic factors is important in designing future treatment paradigms, and improving the outcome of patients. PRT is integral in the treatment of ALL, and eradicates minimal residual disease (MRD) after complete remission (CR) has been achieved with induction chemotherapy (IC). Decreasing the time from the start of IC to the initiation of PRT may improve prognosis by eradicating MRD at an earlier stage, and preventing the development of resistant leukemic clones. The goal of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the impact of time from the start of IC to PRT, and determine whether or not this affects progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated adults with newly diagnosed ALL treated at CCF between the years 1996–2005. 116 patients with ALL were seen. 57 patients were newly diagnosed and received IC and PRT. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify univariate and multivariate correlates of CR, OS, relapse after remission, and PFS. Only variables significant in the univariate setting were included in multivariate analysis. Results were summarized as the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The following variables were used in the analysis: pre-treatment characteristics (age, WBC, cytogenetic (CG) risk group, LDH), time to WBC recovery (time from the initiation of IC to an ANC of 500 after IC), CD20 expression, and time from the initiation of IC to start of PRT. CG risk was defined by CALGB criteria. Results: Characteristics at diagnosis: median age of 38 years [range 16–72], median LDH 673 U/L [112–5753], and median WBC 17.8 × 10 3 /L [1.2–364]. 33.6% of patients had poor risk CG, 22.4% normal CG, 15% miscellaneous, and 29% unknown. Most patients received a vincristine/prednisone based IC (88%). However, 12% received high dose cytarabine/mitoxantrone IC. The CR rate was 75.3% for patients age 60 and poor risk CG were excluded, time from IC to PRT (PWI) was the only factor associated with decreased OS [HR 1.34(1.08–1.67), p=0.009], PFS [HR 1.27(1.04–1.55, p=0.019)], and an increased chance of relapse [HR 1.26(0.99–1.61), p=0.06]. Conclusions: Strategies to improve the prognosis of ALL are needed. Time from IC to PRT is an independent prognostic factor for treatment outcome, and administering PRT on time may improve our outcomes in adult patients with ALL.


Clayey soil has less friction between pile surface and clay layer. To increase the pile capacity a cushion of sand layer is placed around the periphery of the pile surface which will increase friction resistance of the pile and ultimately will increase pile capacity. A granular pile is the bored hole which is filled with granular material having higher frictional resistance in which concrete pile is cast in places. In this paper we are going to review pile encased with sand cushion in clayey soil bed.


The Optical Ground Station (OGS), installed in the Teide Observatory since 1995, was built as part of ESA efforts in the research field of satellite optical communications to test laser telecommunication terminals on board of satellites in Low Earth Orbit and Geostationary Orbit. As far as one side of the link is settled on the Earth, the laser beam (either on the uplink or on the downlink) has to bear with the atmospheric turbulence. Within the framework of designing an Adaptive Optics system to improve the performance of the Free-Space Optical Communications at the OGS, turbulence conditions regarding uplink and downlink have been simulated within the OOMAO (Object-Oriented Matlab Adaptive Optics) Toolbox as well as the possible utilization of a Laser Guide Star to measure the wavefront in this context. Simulations have been carried out by reducing available atmospheric profiles regarding both night-time and day-time measurements and by having into account possible seasonal changes. An AO proposal to reduce atmospheric aberrations and, therefore, ameliorate FSO links performance is presented and analysed in this paper


Antibodies against the mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase (EC 188.8.131.52), have been used in previous immunocytochemical studies to help identify glutamatereleasing neurons among all glutamate‐containing neurons. The studies were based on the idea that glutaminase is enriched within the releasable "transmitter" pools of glutamate. However, evidence is also available to suggest that the enzyme does not occur exclusively within glutamate‐releasing neurons. Thus we sought to determine whether glutaminase was immunocytochemically detectable within presynaptic terminals forming asymmetric (putatively excitatory) synapses or, alternatively, occurs in association with mitochondria throughout the cell. For this purpose, we examined the cellular and subcellular distribution of glutaminase‐ immunoreactivity in neocortical (vi‐sual and somatosensory) areas known to contain glutamatergicperikarya. This localization was compared with the distribution in striatal(caudateputamen and nucleus accumbens) regions recognized to contain high densities of glutamatergic terminals out fewer, if any, glutamatergic perikarya. Glutaminase‐immunoreactive perikarya were numerous within the infragranular, lamine of neocortex (∼1 per 1,000 μm2 tissue area) but sparse within me caudate‐putamen nuclei and accumbens nuclei, (


The lonely branching random walks on ${\mathbb Z}^d$ is an interacting particle system where each particle moves as an independent random walk and undergoes critical binary branching when it is alone. We show that if the symmetrized walk is recurrent, lonely branching random walks die out locally. Furthermore, the same result holds if additional branching is allowed when the walk is not alone.


Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries can close the strategic metal cycle while reducing ecological and environmental footprints of the batteries. However, fewer efforts have been made for the recycling of spent LiFePO4 batteries owing to their relatively lower value than the batteries containing cobalt and nickel. In addition, excess acids are required to extract lithium from the olivine-structured LiFePO4. Herein, we report a paired electrolysis approach employing LiFePO4 as both the anode and the cathode, and molten carbonate as the electrolyte to reclaiming the retired LiFePO4 batteries. The paired electrolysis converts LiFePO4 to Fe at the cathode and to Fe3O4 at the anode while releasing Li+ and PO43− into the molten salt. In this scenario, the electric power drives the redox reactions and thereby separates Li, Fe, and PO43−. The recovery rate of Li reaches over 95.2%. Overall, the paired electrolysis cell containing dual LiFePO4 electrodes employs electrons to break down the olivine structure, which paves a green pathway to recycle various end-of-life LIBs with minimized secondary waste and energy consumption.


In order to investigate the influences of addition on the micro-structure and macro-performance of TiO2 powders,the Ce-TiO2 compounds with different Ce4+ concentrations were prepared by sol-gel method.The crystal phase,impurity energy levels,grain size,and hole-electron recombination rate of Ce-TiO2 were characterized by XRD,XPS,and PL measurements.These observations were combined with the macro-performance,such as light response curve,photocatalytic degradation rate,and discussed the relationship between micro-structure and macro-performance.The results suggest that with the increasing of Ce4+ concentration,the phase transition is prevented,the impurity energy levels are formed and strengthened,the grain size firstly decreases and then increases,and the increase of lattice defects leads to the exist of minimum of hole-electron recombination rate.Therefore,the crystal phase and impurity energy levels impact the light response curve,and the combination effects of micro-structure determine the photocatalytic degradation rate of Ce-TiO2 powders for methylene blue.The results provide experimental basis for further TiO2 modification study.


Solutions to the dual crises in education and employment are among South Africa's most urgent developmental priorities. Not surprisingly, they feature as central challenges identified in the New Growth Path strategy document launched in the latter half of 2010 (DED 2010). In these difficult times of slow global growth and economic contraction in the developed North, the challenge of job creation has become even more complex for countries like ours in the South. While some noticeable initiatives, such as the signing of a local procurement accord by the government, business and labour to boost local industry (Hofmeyr 2011), have been launched to counter its effects, the overall picture remains dire.


In order to improve the viscosity,the stability and the film forming ability of Konjac glucomannan,and select the modification treatment of suitable fruit fresh-keeping,this paper using Konjac glucomannan powder as test material to modify with gallic acid( A),maleic anhydride( B) and sodium tripolyphosphate( C),and the unmodified Konjac glucomannan powder as check( D),analyzed the optimal modified dose of 3 modifiers and studied the viscosity,the stability,the film forming ability and the fresh-keeping effect of the modified products. The results showed that the optimal dose for each modifier were that A2( gallic acid ∶ Konjac powder( W / W) = 1 ∶ 5),B2( maleic anhydride ∶ Konjac powder = 1∶ 5),C2( sodium tripolyphosphate ∶ Konjac powder = 1 ∶ 3); Compared with unmodified Konjac glucomannan powder,the modified Konjac glucomannan powder was better in the viscosity and stability; The characteristics of film formed of modified Konjac glucomannan powder was better than not modified too,and the pellicle were transparent,high strength and high elasticity; The preservation effects of several modified products on cherry was C2 A2 B2 D. The above research results in this paper had important guiding role of technology to select the modification treatment of suitable fruit fresh-keeping,and provided some reference data for the new film material of fruit fresh-keeping.


In a previous study we developed a new technique for deriving prominence mass by observing how much coronal radiation in the Fe XII (19.5 nm) spectral line is absorbed by prominence material. In the present work we apply this new method, which allows us to consider the effects of both foreground and background radiation in our calculations, to a sample of different types of prominences (eruptive, quiescent, and surging) observed during the period 1999 July through 2004 July. The masses of prominences involved in CMEs are not generally measured, but the accurate determination of such masses may help in assessing the dynamical importance of prominences in CME events. In the present study, we find the average mass of our sample of quiescent prominences to be 4.18 × 1014 g, while the average mass of the eruptive prominences is 9.09 × 1014 g, and that of surges is 1.53 × 1014 g.


Purpose To screen and compare the differential proteins in meibomian gland secretions between patients with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC) and healthy individuals and to identify target proteins that may participate in the occurrence and development of BKC. Methods Thirteen patients diagnosed with BKC in Shenzhen Eye Hospital and five healthy volunteers were included in this study. Meibomian gland secretions and clinical traits were collected before and after 1 month of standard BKC treatment. Label-free mass spectrometry was used for proteomic detection of meibomian gland secretions. Weighted protein coexpression network analysis (WPCNA) and several different protein analyses were performed to identify hub proteins associated with BKC and its clinical characteristics. Results Patients with BKC had significantly lower cleanliness of the eyelid margin, higher palpebral margin scores, more serious clinical manifestations of secretions, and more damaged meibomian gland morphology compared with the healthy controls. One hundred fifteen differential proteins were associated with the clinical traits, which included diagnosis, sex, age, severity, corneal neovascularization, disease course, eyelid margin cleanliness, palpebral margin score, secretion characteristics, and meibomian gland morphology. Four hub proteins related to inflammation and the immune response (namely, S100A8, S100A9, ANXA3, and LCN2) were increased in BKC and remained increased after 1 month of treatment. The cleanliness, blepharon eyelid score, and secretion characteristics were improved after BKC treatment. Conclusions S100A8, S100A9, ANXA3, and LCN2 are BKC-associated proteins probably involved in the chronic inflammation of BKC. Translational Relevance Hub proteins probably involved in chronic inflammation of BKC were identified by proteomic methods.


ix Chapter I. NA11JRE OF THE STUDY Need for the Study Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Parameters of the Study Procedures of the Study Definition of Terms II . REVIEW OF LITERATIJRE The Theory of and General Information about Tort Liability and Governmental Immunity Theory of tort liability . Background information about sovereign 3 immunity from liability . 5 Abrogation of governmental immunity 7 Negligence 10 Tort Liability and Governmental Immunity in Utah 12 Information about tort liabi lity and governmental immunity in Utah-History and development of new law 12 An analysis of the Utah Governmental Immunity Act-with reference to education l 5 School District Liability Related to Functions 21 Liability related to teaching function 21 Teacher liability for supervision . 24 Teacher liability for corporal punishment 25 Liability for Dangerous and ~~zardous Conditions 26 School grounds --specific dangers 28


[Kennedy and Droser (2011)][1] proposed that the colonization of non-marine depositional environments occurred much earlier than previously thought. Prior sedimentological interpretation of the trace-fossil bearing succession of the middle member of the Wood Canyon Formation ([Diehl, 1979][2]; [Fedo


Due to their outstanding overall performances, carbon fiber/poly(ether-ether-ketone) (CF/PEEK) composites have attracted a lot of interest recently. High-performance CF/PEEK composites have many advantages such as high strength, good toughness, and high service temperature, which have been widely used in various high-precision fields. This paper reviews the research progress of the CF/PEEK composite molding process and its applications in view of the research hotspots in recent years, laying the foundation for the research on the preparation technology and industrial application of the material. CF/PEEK molding process mainly includes injection molding, press molding, filament winding, 3D Printing, and automated fiber placement (AFP). Different processing methods and material ratios result in CF/PEEK materials with different mechanical properties. Since CF/PEEK has its own unique advantages over traditional metal materials in terms of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and density, CF/PEEK materials can be used to replace metal materials in many applications, such as aviation and aerospace, biomedical field and automotive part.


This paper analyses the impact of demand on water supply service delivery and demonstrates that the higher the demand, the lower the pressure at which water can be supplied. It highlights the notion that water is a finite resource and many regions in the world have neither sufficient surface nor groundwater reserves to meet all competing demands for water. Moreover, there normally exist capacity constraints in available water infrastructure. In such cases, withdrawals from water distribution networks have got to be controlled if sustainable water supply is to be achieved. Thus, water demand management should be accorded increased attention. The study assess the merits of rationing from a technical point of view and suggest that, if well managed, it stands out to be a viable water demand management strategy for water scarce areas. The authors also suggest that water supply should be managed from an equity point of view rather than an equality point of view.


Dhofar 1180 is a newly found lunar meteorite in Oman.Here we report the detailed petrography and mineralogy of this new lunar meteorite with the hope to better understand of the geological processes on the Moon and the chemical composition of the lunar crust.Dhofar 1180 is a basalt-bearing feldspathic lunar breccia,containing various types of lithic clasts(gabbro,anorthositic gabbro,gabbroic anorthosite,troctolite,and microporphyritic crystalline impact melt breccia).Ti-bearing clasts and anorthositic melt clasts were also observed.Major mineral fragments include olivine,pyroxenes,plagioclase,and some opaque oxides.Olivine grains in gabbroic anorthosite,troctolite,and microporphyritic crystalline impact melt breccia are relatively enriched in Mg(Fo_(55~69)),whereas those in anorthositic gabbro are relatively enriched in Fe(Fo_(31)).Olivine grains in Ti-bearing clasts show a wide compositional range (Fo_(7~54)).Olivine fragments in the matrix are generally Fe-rich(Fo_(2~46)).Fe/Mn molar ratios in olivine range from 69 to 113 with an average of 93,consistent with the lunar olivine trend.Pyroxene grains in gabbroic anorthosite,troctolite,microporphyritic crystalline impact melt breccia,and Ti-bearing clasts are mainly low-Ca pigeonite(En_(63)Fs_(32)Wo_5,En_(66)Fs_(23)Wo_(11),En_(55)Fs_(38)Wo_7,and En_(57)Fs_(35) Wo_8,respectively),and those in anorthositie gabbro,gabbro,and the matrix display a wide range of composition(En_(31~33)Fs_(35~48) Wo_(19~34),En_(18~48)Fs_(23~51)Wo_(24~38)+En_(1~9)Fs_(65~86)Wo_(14~26),En_(11~53)Fs_(23~63)Wo_(6~36),respectively),mainly occurring as pigeonite,augite, and trace amounts of pyroxferroite.Pyroxene grains in Ti-bearing clasts contain relatively high Al_2O_3(2.79%)and TiO_2(1.57%). Fe/Mn molar ratios in pyroxene vary from 50 to 70 with an average of 63,in good agreement with the lunar pyroxene trend.Plagioclase grains in Dhofar 1180 are highly anorthitic(An_(91~98)).Opaque oxide minerals include chromite-spinel-ulv(?)spinel solid solution and minor ilmenite. Dhofar 1180 is a unique lunar meteorite that differs petrographically and geochemically from all other lunar meteorites and lunar samples.It comes from a region on the lunar surface that has not been sampled by any other known lunar rocks.Dhofar 1180 thus enhances our understanding of the mineral and chemical compositions of the lunar surface.


CCD data is used to produce a color-magnitude diagram of the cluster NGC 6254 (M10). The distance modulus, reddening, and metallicity for M10 are derived. The distance modulus is 0.2 m larger than previous estimates. It is estimated that the age of M10 is 17 + or - 1 Gyr. The M10 color-magnitude diagram is compared to Bolte's (1989) diagram for NGC 288, showing that these two clusters are coeval. 43 refs.


Based on the concept of contention reservation and polling transmission, a user-dependent perfect-scheduling multiple access (UPMA) protocol for supporting node mobility and multihop architecture in highly dynamic self-organizing networks is described. In the protocol, a distributed clustering network architecture acquired by self-organizing algorithm and a main idea of random reserving channel resources to get polling service are adopted, so that the hidden terminals (HT) and exposed terminals (ET) problems existed in traffic transmission due to multihop architecture and wireless transmission method can be eliminated completely. Finally, the performance comparison of UPMA protocol with carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and polling protocols by OPNET simulation is presented. Simulation results show that UPMA protocol can overcome the disadvantages of CSMA/CA and polling protocols, and achieve higher throughput, lower average message delay and less average message dropping rate.


1. The normal levels of 5‐hydroxy‐3‐indoleacetic acid (5HIAA) were determined in the urine of four species of laboratory animals (dog, rabbit, rat and guinea‐pig).


Automated psychological testing has great potential for facilitating the work of the psychologist, psychiatrist, or indeed, anyone who uses psychological tests. A great deal of research has been done with computer-assisted methods, and very real progress has been made in this direction. Computer facilities are not necessarily required, for many psychological tests may be fully automated by less expensive and less cumbersome means, and it is the purpose of the review article to investigate the work that has been done with automated testing systems, not requiring computer facilities, and to outline some of the arguments concerning the advantages of such automated testing methods.


AbstractFor patch repairs of chloride contaminated RC structures, the use of discrete sacrificial anodes (DSAs) is indispensable. Without DSAs embedded, due to the ring effect, the failure of the R...


Abstract Analytic literature suggests that to construct the deep meaning of patients' experiences, supervisor and supervisee enter an altered state of consciousness and "dream up" the patients and the therapeutic relationships. Although this process enables them to connect with implicit knowledge of dissociated feelings and thoughts, it might also present some challenges. Sometimes, moving between states of consciousness evokes anxiety in supervisees, which might emanate from unusual experiences and perceptions characterizing such transitions, reconstructions of past traumatic experiences, and a sense of temporary loneliness. A few principles are suggested for supervisors who enter such altered states and simultaneously wish to monitor and facilitate their supervisees' transition between states of consciousness. Applying these principles is likely to strengthen supervisees' confidence that their supervisors share similar challenges, and therefore understand and support their endeavors.


In this study, β-Sialon/Al2O3/TiN diphase powder was synthesized using low-grade bauxite and rutile via carbothermal reduction-nitridation. The phase transitions of low-grade bauxite and rutile in the carbothermal reduction and nitridation process were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The effects of different reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, rutile addition on the phase composition and microstructure of products were analyzed. The results showed that β-Sialon/Al2O3/TiN powder was prepared using low-grade bauxite and rutile as raw materials and coke as reducing agent by carbothermal reduction-nitridation reaction in flowing nitrogen atmosphere of 0.03 MPa at 1350-1375 °C, for 4 h.


A manifold plate (11) and a filtration arrangement including a manifold plate which comprises a body having a mounting region (26) on the exterior of the body and first and second fluid channels (32,33) extending within the body. The mounting region has at least one first opening and at least one second opening. At least one first fluid passageway (40) fluidly couples the first opening to the first fluid channel and at least one second passageway (41) fluidly couples the second opening to the second fluid channel, each channel wall (42) having an inclined portion. One or more filtration units may be mounted to the mounting region in fluid communication with the first and second openings of the manifold plate.


Over twenty years ago, I had the opportunity to contribute to a collection of essays, published by the Modern Language Association, on teaching Don Quixote. The current essay looks, personally and from a distance, at how we can study the novel in the new millennium, when the boom in theory, greatly improved technology, and a different gener ation of students (terrific to teach, as were their predecessors) affect pedagogical strategies. My present approach is neither high-tech nor radically altered, but?befitting this most self-conscious of texts?it strives to bear in mind changes in academia and culture, and to find multiple means of instructing and engaging students in the business and pleasure of reading.


Product reviews are essential in e-commerce as they can help potential buyers make decisions prior to making purchases and help sellers get the measure of their products. A product can have thousands of reviews, making it burdensome for potential buyers and sellers to draw a conclusion from those abundant reviews. This research built a system that applies Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) with a dataset from product reviews on the Female Daily website. The system was built using TF-IDF as its feature extraction method combined with word bigram and word bigram. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is used to classify the sentiments. This experiment results indicate that the preprocessing stage, especially the stemming and stopwords removal process are greatly affects the accuracy results. The choice of word N-gram is also crucial, where this research shows that the word unigram gives a higher accuracy than the word bigram. The final results of this research show that TF-IDF combined with word unigram and SVM with a linear kernel brings out the best accuracy, that is to say, 88.35%.


Management of the ranula is controversial. There are several different options, each with advantages and disadvantages. A retrospective patient file analysis of 35 cases treated in our hospital showed that excision of the ipsilateral sublingual gland with ranula excission (true cyst) or with evacuation of the ranula (pseudocyst) is first choice treatment for oral and plunging ranula.


The fitness tracker data for human activity recognition is playing an important role in improving health and monitoring the daily movements of human such as health care and fitness. This detects human activities such as step count, sleeps rate, calories burned, and person mood for the data collected by the activity tracker device and mainly helps in identifying the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) which is caused due to Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Medical data is very susceptible for many external threats that affect its security and privacy. The privacy and security of the data shared across the medical field is very difficult to maintain. To overcome these problems, Homomorphic Encryption techniques are proposed, which is used for privacy preserving out-sourced storage and computation. The encrypted technique helps in protecting sensitive data from outsourced. The two Homomorphic techniques are Gorti's Enhanced Encryption Scheme and Carmichael's Encryption Scheme that are used to encrypt the fitness tracker data. The computation is made with the encrypted data without revealing the original data to providers. The analysis is made on the encrypted data by computing the AHI to predict the disease based on the range given in AHI. Thus, security of the data is maintained. The performance of the schemes is measured based on the time taken for encryption and decryption of the medical data and analysis performed on the encrypted data.


Either inside or outside of the rolling mill, a system and method for measuring the thermal crown of the roll in situ (e.g. at elevated temperature) can include a sensor for measuring the propagation time of the machine wave through a roll. In some embodiments, moving the inner roll, in order to measure the propagation time of a vertical ultrasonic to the axis of the roll, one or more sensors are used. These measurements are obtained occurs when the roll is still hot, it can be used to determine the thermal expansion at various points along the roll in real time.


Feminist literature is a literary pattern viewing female as the writing subject and contradiction to the world as the writing stance.In the centuries earlier than the nineteenth,British women were involved in writing,with their own experiences and demands revealed tortuously in order to display female characteristics of special creators.Despite the fact that women writers gained little potency of literary discourse of their own,failing to free themselves from Phallucentrism and Logos,female writing experiences and achievements have had a great effect of declaration and accumulation on the prosperity of the 19th-century British feminist literature.


Introduction The issue of improving educational outcomes for Gypsy, Roma and Traveller pupils has been a focus of research and policy for some time and is particularly serious for secondary age pupils. Evidence suggests that where Gypsy and Traveller pupils do transfer successfully to secondary school, their attendance is unlikely to continue beyond the age of 14 (DfES 2006a; Derrington and Kendall, 2004).


Contents: Part I Historical Overview: Introduction, Kevin Ward Revival, mission and Church in Kigezi, Rwanda and Burundi, Kevin Ward. Part II Testimony and Personal Perspectives: Jesus Christ the 'truthful mirror', John G. Gatu A personal experience of the revival, John C.T. Church The revival through CMS eyes, Simon Barrington-Ward Revival and Pentecostalism in my life, Amos Kasibante. Part III Historical and Cultural Perspectives: Possessing spirits, powerful water and possible continuities, Cynthia Hoehler-Fatton The loyalties of early revival leaders in Busoga, Ken Farrimond Revivalism and dissent in colonial East Africa, Derek R. Peterson Haya women's response to revival, Birgitta Larsson Chosen Evangelical revival on the Northern Congo-Uganda border, Emma Wild-Wood. Part IV Socio-Theological Perspectives: Confession and cultural dynamism in the revival, John Karanja The revival testimony of second wives, Esther Mombo Revivalists' narratives of genocide survival, Nick Godfrey. Part V Sources and Scholarship: 'Recordings of the work of the Holy Spirit', Terry Barringer The revival in an African milieu, Kevin Ward The East African revival in the study of African Christianity, Emma Wild-Wood Glossary Bibliography Index.


We propose a new algorithm for identifying the duration of the initial transient for a regenerative stochastic process. The algorithm involves re-sampling of the simulated cycles, and therefore has a "bootstrap" flavor. The paper includes a derivation of the estimator for the duration of the transient that offers theoretical support for its validity, and provides a preliminary numerical investigation of the estimator's properties.


Srnooth and flat surface of glass plates should be needed for the HDD substrate . PDIishing with free abrasives made smoQth surface 、 however it is di伍 cult to obtain flat surface because of the non − uniform distribution of free abrasives . In order to overcome such issue, we tried to apply magnetic force with lnagnetic nuid and magnetic field for uniform disしribution of abrasives during polishing process . By applying 20 mT of normal magnetic filed to the copper polishing plate with magnetic flu正d as polishirlg liqしLid, surface rQughness of polished glass plate improved by 20−60%. And flatness 〔〕fpolisheCl g】ass decreased to half with magnetic fluid and magnetic filed.