The paper outlines a model for the development of dynamic and innovative research environments in national innovation systems. The development model is based on an in-depth study and analysis of fifteen research environments selected by the Danish Council for Research Policy as examples of dynamic and innovative public research environments. According to the model, research environments follow certain stages with respect to epistemological, organizational and socio-cultural development that either enable them to advance from one stage to the next in the model or impede this advance. The consequence of the latter is either a static state or dissolution. In the long run only dynamic and innovative research environments survive. The analysis of the cases studied identifies several preconditions that have to be present in such research environments in order for them to emerge, develop and finally reach excellence. The results presented here may well be a valid tool for policy-makers, particularly in Europe where the framework conditions for public R&D are comparable to the Danish.


A process for coating a solid surface on the exposed silanol groups, to reduce the presence of their electrostatic charges, and application to the separation of proteins. is applied a coating layer, stable to hydrolysis, converting the silanol groups of the solid surface of the silicon halide groups, which is then reacted with an organometallic having a terminal ethenyl moiety reagent for obtain Si-R (R fragment retaining the terminal ethenyl) and then reacting these groups ethenyls with an organic monomer, neutral, by addition polymerization, to form on the surface to be protected a monomolecular layer of non-crosslinked polymer the polymer layer, connected directly, is stable in a wide pH range. Application: treatment of the inner walls of capillary tubes silica (fused) for separations by chromatography and electrophoresis .


The quality of peptic ulcer healing is a nuclear problem in treatment of peptic ulcer.In this paper,we summarize the concept of quality of peptic ulcer healing,measurement of improving quality of peptic ulcer healing,and prevention of peptic ulcer recurrence.


The theme of this issue of Nursing Management is development and leadership. The RCN is in the process of rolling out a political leadership programme for nurses who have their sights set on director of nursing posts (news, page 6 ).


A study to assess the effectiveness of aloevera juice on reduction of blood
glucose level among patients with diabetes mellitus in Kulasekharamvillage,
atKanyakumari district.
OBJECTIVES
1. Toassess the blood glucose level among patients with diabetes mellitus.
2. To find out the effectiveness of aloevera juice on blood glucose level among
patients with diabetes mellitus.
3. To associate the post-test blood glucose level ofpatients with diabetesmellitus
with theirselected demographic variables.(Age, sex, education, occupation,
religion,dietary habits, income, life style practice and family history of
diabetes mellitus)
11
HYPOTHESES
All hypotheses will be tested at 0. 05 level of significance.
H1: The mean post-test blood glucose level will be significantly lower than the
mean pre-test blood glucose level among patients with diabetes mellitus.
H2: There will be significant association between post-test blood glucose level
of patients with diabetes mellitus with their selected demographic variables
(age, sex, education, occupation, religion, dietary habits, income, life style
practice, and family history of diabetes mellitus).
ASSUMPTIONS: The study was based on the assumption that,Blood glucose level can be reduced by intake of aloevera juice. Blood glucose level vary from person to person.


Background and purpose: Aging is an important phenomenon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and supplementation of green tea on plasma apelin levels and insulin resistance in elderly women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: In this quasi experimental research with pre–post-test design, 44 subjects were randomly selected from elderly women in Babol Diabetes Association, Iran. They were divided into 4 groups (n= 11 per group): exercise+supplement, exercise+placebo, supplement, and control. The exercise groups were trained for 8 weeks, 3 times per week, every session 60-minutes Nordic walking at 50 to 75% maximum heart rate. Supplement groups used green tea tablets and the placebo group used wheat flour capsules three times a day in a double-blind manner. Blood samples were collected from all subjects in fasting conditions, 48 hours before and after the exercises. The ELISA method was used to measure the biochemical variables. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were used for data analysis. Results: Univariate analysis of variance showed a statistically significant effect of the group on glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (P<0.001) and a non-significant effect on apelin (P= 0.333). Also, based on the effect size, the exercise+supplement showed greater effects on insulin (η=0.39, P<0.001), insulin resistance (η=0.38, P=0.001), and glucose level (η=0.36, P<0.001). Conclusion: According to current findings, the Nordic walking and supplementation of green tea improved insulin resistance and glucose level in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. So, it could be of great benefit in maintaining physical fitness of the elderly.


We explain the observation of clusters in the tunneling resonance spectra of small metallic particles of few nanometer size. Each cluster of resonances is identified with one excited single--electron state of the metal particle, shifted as a result of the different nonequilibrium occupancy configurations of the other single--electron states. Assuming the underlying classical dynamics of the electrons to be chaotic, we determine the typical shift to be $\Delta/g$ where $g$ is the dimensionless conductance of the grain.


Muscle ATPase activity did not show much change with any of the treatments, while hepatic total and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase activities were decreased with low dose of dexamethasone (DXM(L) and enzyme activity in general was increased with both high dose of DXM(H) and corticosterone. Total and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPases were increased in testis of corticosterone treated chicks. Acid phosphatase activity of testis was increased with DXM(H) and decreased with DXM(L) while the enzyme activity in all the three tissues was increased with corticosterone. Muscle alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased with DXM treatments while that of testis was decreased with both DXM(H) and corticosterone treatments. Hepatic PDE activity was decreased with DXM and increased with corticosterone while muscle PDE activity was decreased under both DXM(H) and corticosterone treatments. The results suggest that both hypo. and hypercorticalism can induce tissue specific differential alterations in phosphomonoesterases, ATPases and PDE during early phases of post-natal development of chicks.


The object of this research is the process of informatization of management in the economic sector. The subject of this research is the impact from the active implementation of information technologies of management upon the state of this process. The article explores not the segment of digital industry, which efficiency and reasonableness of which unquestionable, but the "digital" economy as a whole. The relevance of this work is defined by substantial discrepancies in the export opinions on "digital" economy. To analyze the content of these discrepancies, the author examines the peculiarities of "digital" economy in comparison with the process of informatization of management in other areas of activity. The use of systemic approach, methods of decomposition and comparative analysis, allowed viewing the questions of "digitalization" of economy in a complex, as one of the spheres of human activity. Based on application of generalization method, a conclusion is made that "digitalization" of economy is not a "know-how" or panacea from all problems, rather the transfer of its management to a new level ensuring achievement of vast results with current capacity and means by increasing the efficiency of their utilization. At the same time, the analysis of the factors of "digitalization" revealed that it would exert certain influence upon development of "real" economy, and it is unacceptable to not take it into account.


Some of us have previously reported preparation of a dimeric form of the iron storage protein, bacterioferritin (Bfr), in which the native heme b is substituted with the photosensitizer, Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP-Bfr dimer). We further showed that the ZnPP-Bfr dimer can serve as a photosensitizer for platinum-catalyzed H2 generation in aqueous solution without the usual added electron relay between photosensitizer and platinum (Clark, E. R., et al. Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56, 4584-4593). We proposed reductive or oxidative quenching pathways involving the ZnPP anion radical (ZnPP-) or the ZnPP cation radical, (ZnPP+), respectively. The present report describes structural, photophysical, and photochemical properties of the ZnPP in ZnPP-Bfr dimer. X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies at 10 K showed a mixture of five- and six-coordinated Zn centers with axial coordination by one long Zn-SMet distance of ~2.8 Å and ~40% having an additional shorter Zn-S distance of ~2.4 Å, in addition to the expected 4 nitrogen atom coordination from the porphyrin. The ZnPP in ZnPP-Bfr dimer was prone to photosensitized oxidation to ZnPP+. The ZnPP+ was rapidly reduced by ascorbic acid, which we previously determined was essential for photosensitized H2 production in this system. These results are consistent with an oxidative quenching pathway involving electron transfer from 3ZnPP* to platinum, which may be assisted by a flexible ZnPP axial coordination sphere. However, the low quantum yield for H2 production (~1 %) in this system could make reductive quenching difficult to detect, and can, therefore, not be completely ruled out. The ZnPP-Bfr dimer provides a simple but versatile framework for mechanistic assessment and optimization of porphyrin-photosensitized H2 generation without an electron relay between porphyrin and platinum catalyst.


ABSTRACT This article provides a critical reading of the idea of 'the reasonable' in contemporary politics, as reflected in the work of John Rawls. I argue that this concept is best understood as a practice of political identification, which provides the template for mutual accommodation without concurrent agreement on any substantive commitments. However, by constructing a teleological story in which the reasonable leads naturally back to the liberal principles of justice, Rawls reveals the limits of the concept. Rather than ending political disagreement by establishing a shared foundation, prioritizing reasonableness only repurposes conflicts by transforming disagreement into a series of debates over the meaning of reasonableness itself, battles which are every bit as partisan and vicious as those Rawls sought to exclude. Revitalizing the idea of the reasonable requires abandoning the effort to deploy it as a technique of exclusion. Instead, reasonable politics should be oriented toward engagement with unreasonable critics.


In the present investigation, experimental measurements of the thermodynamic activities of iron oxide in the Al2O3‐"FeO", CaO‐"FeO" and "FeO"‐SiO2 systems were performed in the temperature range 1823‐1873 K by using gas equilibration technique. The molten slag, kept in a Pt‐crucible was brought to equilibrium with a gas mixture of known oxygen partial pressure. A part of the Fe from the "FeO" was reduced during the equilibration and got dissolved in the Pt phase. The samples were quenched after the required equilibration time and the slag phase as well as the platinum crucible was subjected to chemical analysis. The activities of "FeO" in the slag were calculated from the experimental data using thermodynamic information on the Fe‐Pt binary metallic system generated and assessed earlier. The experimental results are compared with earlier thermodynamic studies of the slag systems. Reassessment with the KTH slag model is performed and the results are compared with other thermodynamic models, viz. F*A*C*T™ and Thermo‐Calc™ respectively. The experimental activities predicted by the KTH slag model are in good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. A general agreement between the various models is also observed.


PULLING TEETH have announced the re-issue of their 2007 record Martyr Immortal on A389 Recordings (originally by Deathwish Inc). The band  will be ...


Aik Dewa Village, Pringgasela District, is one of the villages that has a KB village in East Lombok Regency. The obstacle faced in Aikdewa village is the low level of awareness about Marriage Age Maturity (PUP) so that early marriage often occurs. So far, efforts to increase public awareness have only used counseling with one method, namely lectures. Method Alternative solutions that can be done to overcome these obstacles is to conduct counseling with several methods. The several methods that researchers use in this counseling are lectures, watching together, and discussions. In addition, the extension process also requires the right media and is carried out in a sustainable and massive manner. The product of this counseling cannot be seen directly because it is in the form of changes in knowledge, behavior, attitudes, and decisions for each individual. To measure the success of the counseling that was carried out, the researcher conducted a pretest and posttest as well as interviews. Pretest and posttest questions related to maturation of marriage age (PUP) and early marriage and its impacts. Posttest results after counseling showed an increase in the knowledge and understanding of the counseling participants at SMAN 1 Pringgasela and MTs NW Nurul Iman Aikdewa.


Research progress in tin-based flame retardants was reviewed.The flame retardant mechanism of zinc stannate and zinc hydroxystannate and their application in poly(vinyl chlorde) were also introduced.Finally,the trend of the development of inorganic tin compound flame retardants was briefly explored.


In 2005, the U.S. Supreme Court held the death penalty unconstitutional as applied to juveniles in Roper v. Simmons. The Court reasoned that juveniles were less criminally culpable than adults because they lack maturity, they are more vulnerable to peer influence, and their character is not as well formed as that of adults. Although Roper addressed the imposition of the ultimate punishment of death within the context of a juvenile's moral blameworthiness for a crime of murder, this article considers the application of the Court's reasoning in Roper to the issue of juvenile waiver. Specifically, the author asks the question whether Roper's ultimate language distinguishing juveniles from adults in capital cases should apply to the conventional practice of their trial and sentencing as adults. Despite the fact that juvenile transfer is a less serious sanction than the death penalty, this inquiry confronts the traditional objective of the juvenile court system, a system of punishment that was founded on rehabilitation rather than retribution. The author questions whether the punitive objectives of deterrence and retribution are satisfied by juvenile waiver and whether the mitigating effect of adolescence negates the trial of youth as adults.


In a high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) bolometer, the irradiated thermal energy is absorbed by the film and finally drained to the heat sink. The intensity of the thermal signal depends on the level of the AC irradiation energy accumulated. It is usually expected that the magnitude of AC thermal signal is enhanced by weakening the thermal coupling of the bolometer to the heat sink. However, in this study, we found that the AC thermal signal, ΔT/WD, was not enhanced but was depressed by weakening the thermal coupling of the setup. This could be attributed to the nature of the low dissipation ability in the weak thermal coupling configuration which accumulated a higher level of DC Joule heat and gave rise to a huge temperature gradient between the film and the heat sink. As a result, the heat dissipation was sped up and the AC thermal signal, ΔT/WD, was depressed. Even though the AC thermal signal was lower in the weak thermal coupling configuration than in the strong one, the optimum operation condition, where maximum ΔT/WD was exhibited, was located in the lower bias current region. This has the advantage of enabling the weak thermal coupling configuration to be operated in a lower-power consumption region.


Programming in the present invention proposes a method and system for a bus network. Wherein the method comprises: the PC of the program file to be programmed is parsed to acquire the data file and data corresponding storage address; PC broadcasts the route request message, and receives all the lower routing unit returns the reply message, wherein each machine corresponds to a lower node in the bus network; PC routing reply packet parsed to obtain the operating state of each node of the bus network; at each node in forwarding state, the PC receives a user selection of programming node and activated, and the transmission data corresponding to the program file and the data storage address corresponding to the selected node microcontroller; selected node corresponding to the lower machine according to the data storage address corresponding to the data file stored in the program memory of the microcontroller. Simple programming of the present invention, the burn-in process without removal of individual programming of each node, saving time and cost.


Sensors are the tiny nodes which are used for getting information from any particular area for some particular situations. These are usually deployed in such places where existence of human may not be possible. These are very small electronic devices having very short amount of resources like memory, power as well as bandwidth. A number of nodes are deployed which are connected with each other and also connected with a base station. While deploying on particular place, there might occur two types of problems; nodes may be in excess or very far from each other. If the nodes are in majority, then the network may be inefficient due to interference and malicious access control collisions. Efficiency of network is the main issue to be resolved at priority bases. While transferring of information from node to node or from node to base station, the least time must be consumed. As much as the network will be efficient, the data will be received and sent easily from node to node or at sink. For making network reliable and secure, cryptographic techniques have been used. A hybrid algorithm has been suggested here using both symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic techniques. A message is divided into two parts containing Meta data and original data. Symmetric cryptography has been implemented on Meta data part while asymmetric cryptography has been applied for the original part of message. This approach will make our network more efficient as well as secure and reliable.


The radiographic method for the determination of the blood flow in individual carotid arteries presented here is an indicator dilution technique. The indicator is a contrast medium injected at a known constant rate in the artery of interest. The concentration of the contrast medium distal to the site of injection is a function of the blood flow rate in the artery. Higher flow rates will cause more dilution of the medium and consequently a roentgenogram of the vessel will show little optical contrast between the artery and the background because of the dilution of the contrast material. On the other hand, a small flow rate will cause a lesser dilution of the indicator and a larger optical contrast will be observed between the vessel and its background. In the method presented here the optical density is accurately measured with a densitometer using a 40 micra light beam. The dilution of the contrast medium is determined by comparing the measured optical contrast of the image of the artery against its background with the optical contrast of a set ofstandard tubes containing a known concentration of the contrast medium used. The


An experiment was conducted at the research farm of AICRPDA (OUAT), Phulbani during the period 2006–08 to study the biological attributes of Mimosa invisa including effect of three seed rates such as 2.5 kg ha−1, 5 kg ha−1 and 10 kg ha−1 on growth rate, biomass production, weed suppression and soil organic matter improvement under natural growth condition. On single plant basis, the overall increase in plant growth over time was highest with the least seed rate of 2.5kg ha−1 and lowest with highest seed rate of 10 kg ha−1 but total biomass production was maximum with the highest seed rate. There was rapid growth rate from 60 days to 110 days with respect to plant height, branches per plant, average length of branches, leaves per plant and fresh weight of shoot, root and nodules. At 140 days after sowing, the number of mimosa plants m−2 with seed rates of 2.5kg, 5.0kg and 10.0 kg ha−1 were 17, 30 and 52, respectively and the dry-biomass were 288, 398 and 426 g/m2, respectively. Maximum weed suppression (62%) was observed when mimosa seeds were sown @ 10 kg ha−1. However, sowing of 5 kg seeds ha−1 exhibited almost similar weed suppression (57%) as 10 kg ha−1.


In addition to offering conformational flexibility, sub‐nanometer nanobelts (SNBs) also outperform many larger nanobelts with large size owing to their ultrathin morphologies. However, to date, only a few monocomponent SNBs have been synthesized. This study presents a facile method for synthesizing ZrO2–PMoO (PMZ) SNBs and TiO2–PMoO (PMT) SNBs with heterostructures. The SNBs comprise ZrO2/TiO2 and polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters, which are formed via the aggregation and subsequent transformation of nanoclusters. Significantly, these SNBs demonstrate high catalytic activity and stability in oxidative desulfurization reactions at room temperature. The impressive catalytic performance of the SNBs is aided by the POM nanoclusters, which not only coassemble with ZrO2/TiO2 nuclei to form building blocks of PMZ SNBs/PMT SNBs but also serve as catalytic centers. The catalytic performance is further enhanced by the ZrO2/TiO2 in the SNBs. Moreover, the proposed synthesis method can be utilized to produce other SNBs. Thus, this method provides valuable insights into the strong performance properties of SNBs created by combining metal oxides and POM nanoclusters into SNBs, which have great potential as redox catalysts.


NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is currently implementing a reconfigurable polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), specifically designed to acquire airborne repeat track interferometric (RTI) SAR data, also know as differential interferometric measurements. Differential interferometry can provide key displacement measurements, important for the scientific studies of Earthquakes and volcanoes1. Using precision real-time GPS and a sensor controlled flight management system, the system will be able to fly predefined paths with great precision. The radar will be designed to operate on a UAV (Unmanned Arial Vehicle) but will initially be demonstrated on a minimally piloted vehicle (MPV), such as the Proteus build by Scaled Composites. The application requires control of the flight path to within a 10 m tube to support repeat track and formation flying measurements. The design is fully polarimetric with an 80 MHz bandwidth (2 m range resolution) and 16 km range swath. The antenna is an electronically steered array to assure that the actual antenna pointing can be controlled independent of the wind direction and speed. The system will nominally operate at 45,000 ft. The program started out as a Instrument Incubator Project (IIP) funded by NASA Earth Science and Technology Office (ESTO).


The invention provides a color film substrate, a production method thereof and a liquid crystal panel with the color film substrate. The production method of the color film substrate includes the following steps: 1) base pads are arranged at design positions of spacers on a first substrate; 2) the spacers are respectively arranged on the base pads and at other design positions of the spacers without the base pads on the first substrate to form spacers with different heights; or the base pads have two or multiple different heights, and the spacers are respectively arranged on the base pads with the different heights to form the spacers with the different heights. By the production method, various height differences of the spacers can be formed, and production cost is low.


One of the aims of Aether Scalar Tensor Theory (AeST) is to reproduce the successes of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) on galactic scales. Indeed, the quasi-static limit of AeST can achieve precisely this, assuming that the vector field $\vec{A}$ vanishes. However, this assumption of a vanishing vector field is not always justified. Here, we show how to correctly take into account the vector field and find that the quasi-static limit depends on a model parameter $m_\times$. In the limit $m_\times \to 0$, one recovers the quasi-static limit with a vanishing vector field. In particular, one finds a two-field version of MOND. In the opposite limit, $m_\times \to \infty$, one finds a single-field version of MOND. We show that, in practice, much of the phenomenology of the quasi-static limit depends only very little on the value of $m_\times$. Still, for some observational tests, such as those involving wide binaries, $m_\times$ has percent-level effects that may be important.


Abstract : Data on the eduction of relations from word pairs were obtained on 1500 word pairs and 10 relations, from 3486 high school students (10th through 12th grade) in a large Southern metropolitan area school system. Data were obtained by presenting each respondent with a list of 150 word pairs and asking the respondent to indicate the word pairs containing a specified, defined relation (e.g., class-member, similarity/equivalence, opposite). Response differences between males and females, between whites and nonwhites, and between higher and lower social class groups were examined. This report details the statistically significant response differences found. (Author)


ABSTRACT An explanation of the Dember effect which does not overtly depend upon the hole and electron mobility is developed for the situation where the radiation is strongly absorbed in a thin surface layer whose thickness is small compared to the semiconductor dimensions, Thus thermodynamic equilibrium behaviour of the bulk specimen effectively prevails in the steady state which permits ready analysis of the problem. Intrinsic material can be evaluated in terms of analytic solutions for the sputial variation of the potential and carrier densities; the related photovoltaic output is so specified, reflecting a rather involved dependence upon temperature. The latter aspect may servo to experimentally test the present findings. To deal with extrinsic material requires rather intricate series analysis. Inverse series solutions are deduced for the spatial dependence of the potential and carrier densities with convergence assured for not too strongly perturbed semiconductors (moderate doping and illumination). ...


The author reviews transportation-related predictions in George Orwell's 1984, Paul Hawken's The Next Economy, Alvin Toffler's Future Shock and The Third Wave, and John Naisbitt's Megatrends. He concludes that the major transportation-related issue in these books is the transportation of information. In this presentation, he therefore directs his thoughts to the transportation of information and its impact on the more "traditional" transportation of people, goods and services.


Two simple pyrroles react in two simple reactions to afford a dipyrromethane analogue of the southern rim of native tetrapyrroles and their catabolites.


Abstract. Small boreal lakes are known to contribute significantly to global CH4 emissions. Lake Lovojärvi is a eutrophic lake in southern
Finland with bottom water CH4 concentrations up to 2 mM. However, the surface water concentration, and thus the diffusive emission
potential, was low (< 0.5 µM). We studied the biogeochemical processes involved in CH4 removal by chemical profiling and
through incubation experiments. δ13C-CH4 profiling of the water column revealed a methane-oxidation hotspot just below
the oxycline and zones of CH4 oxidation within the anoxic water column. In incubation experiments involving the addition of light and/or
oxygen, CH4 oxidation rates in the anoxic hypolimnion were enhanced 3-fold, suggesting a major role for photosynthetically fueled aerobic
CH4 oxidation. We observed a distinct peak in CH4 concentration at the chlorophyll-a maximum, caused by either in situ
CH4 production or other CH4 inputs such as lateral transport from the littoral zone. In the dark anoxic water column at
7 m depth, nitrite seemed to be the key electron acceptor involved in CH4 oxidation, yet additions of Fe(III),
anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate and humic substances also stimulated anoxic CH4 oxidation. Surprisingly, nitrite seemed to inhibit
CH4 oxidation at all other depths. Overall, this study shows that photosynthetically fueled CH4 oxidation can be a key process
in CH4 removal in the water column of humic, turbid lakes, thereby limiting diffusive CH4 emissions from boreal lakes. Yet, it
also highlights the potential importance of a whole suite of alternative electron acceptors, including humics, in these freshwater environments in
the absence of light and oxygen.


ABSTRACT The high mineralogical and lithological variability of polymetallic ores mined from copper and silver sedimentary deposits (SW Poland) has a strong influence on the upgrading processes and properties of the copper concentrates. This article's subject is the analysis of the properties of industrial polymetallic flotation concentrate from copper ore showing difficult flotation upgradeability. One of the main causes of these difficulties is the transfer of organic carbon into the concentrate, which is tried to be explained in this work. A sample of industrial copper concentrate was subjected to densimetric analysis in a heavy liquid in search of the reasons for the mentioned difficulty. The separation products were balanced in terms of the content of copper, lead, silver and organic carbon as well as the mineral composition and liberation. A mineralogical analyzes of the separation products showed virtually uniform transfer of all sulfide minerals of copper, lead, iron and zinc to heavy fractions with 95–98% recovery. In the lightest fraction below 1700 g/dm3, with TOC content of 53%, approximately 0.4% of the dispersed copper carriers remained (as recovery) permanently bound mainly with organic-clay matter, which in terms of copper content was 2.6%. It was found that it is possible to separate a carbon middling from the concentrate, with a low copper content in relation to the content in the initial concentrate. Further research should be focused on finding methods to remove carbonate minerals and clay minerals from the concentrate during flotation with as the lowest losses of valuable metals as possible.


[Objectives] To set up a heterotopic heart transplantation model of heart transplantation of warm ischemia death rat by infusing HOE642(concentration 20 μmol/L)into the rat hearts at different stage after the rat death and detecting the ATP, SOD, MDA, so as to study the HOE642 on protecting dead rat myocardium suffered from warm ischemia. [Methods] 112 clearing SD masculinity rats were divided into 7 groups randomly, each group contained 8 rats. The groups were: C, the control group ( normal hearts), S10, S30, S45 (the group of transplanted hearts after 10, 30, 45 min of asystole), SH10, SH30, SH45 (group of transplanted hearts after 10, 30, 45 min of asystole and infused with HOE642). The rats divided into experimental groups were killed totally by warm ischemia, then the donators of the groups(S10,S30,S45) were infused with STH-1 for 30 min, and the dead rats in group SH10,SH30 and SH4 were infused with STH-1and HOE642(20 μmol/L)for 30 min, then, heterotopic heart transplantation were processed by the method of neck Cuff. The heart samples of groups (S10, SH10, S30, SH30) were taken after 48 hours of transplantation, red for and the heart samples of groups (S45,SH45) were taken just after transplantation. Then the samples were measu the change of myocardial cell ATP, SOD, MDA. Data was expressed with the software of SPSS13.0. [Result] The rats were discerned death when cardiac electric wave vanished after 9~11 minutes of bloodletting by transsection of abdominal aorta; Compared with S10, S30 group, the contents of ATP in group SH10, SH30 were higher, the discrepancy was significant, however, there was no significant difference between group S45 and SH45; The contents of SOD in the experimental group were lower then the control group, however, the contents of MDA were higher then the latter, among the total, the SOD in group S10 S30 was lower then which in group SH30, SH30, and the MDA was higher, the difference was significant. [Conclusion] The model of a heterotopic heart transplantation on the cervical part is a convenient animal model for cardiac muscle protection; HOE642 can increase the composition of ATP in hearts of dead rats(within 30 min) caused by warm ischemia, improve energy metabolism of hearts, raise the capability of clearing oxygen free radicals, and relieve lipid peroxidation injury.


This booklet intended to provide a brief introduction to the Indonesian Family Planning Program and US Agency for International Development (USAID) assistance to this program describes Indonesias population problem population policy and government goals population strategy and results. The data were compiled from numerous sources including the National Family Planning Coordinating Board and USAID Office of Population and Health. Based on Indonesian census figures the annual average rate of population growth was 2.3% during the 1971-80 period. USAID currently projects a decrease in the average annual rate of natural increase to 1.6% during the 1980-90 period and to 1.1% during the 1990-2000 period. The population policy goal is to institutionalize the small happy prosperous family norm. The strategy is to reduce significantly the rate of population growth through the family planning program and related population policies to ameliorate population maldistribution through transmigration programs and to improve socioeconomic conditions for all citizens through expanded development programs. The family planning target is to reduce the crude birthrate to 22/1000 population by March 1991. This represents a 50% reduction in the crude birthrate over the 1971-91 period. In 1970 the total of new family planning acceptors was 53103 in Java-Bali; in 1984 3895120. For the Outer Islands I acceptors numbered 117875 in 1975 and 1009852 in 1984. For Outer Islands II the acceptors numbered 56705 in 1975 and 341212 in 1984. The percent of married women 15-44 using modern contraceptives increased from 2% in 1972 to 58% in 1984. In Java-Bali 32% of married women aged 15-44 were oral contraceptive (OC) users as of March 1984; 16% were IUD users 2% condom users 6% injectable acceptors and 2% acceptors of other methods. For Outer Islands I 33% were OC users 8% IUD acceptors 4% condom users 3% injectable acceptors and 2% acceptors of other methods. In the Outer Islands II 12% were OC acceptors as of March 1984 5% IUD acceptors 1% condom users 4% injectable acceptors and 1% acceptors of other methods.


The controlling device of showing in inertial guidance system have been taken for example and its EMC(Electromagnetic Compatibility) has been discussed in this paper. The major electromagnetic disturbance source, coupling path and sensitive unit have been concluded . Furthermore , some appropriate measures have been taken according to the principle of EMC. The result of testing indicates after adopting these reforming measures of EMC the electromagnetic disturbance has been refrained and the controlling device of showing passed two tests in nation criterion: the conducted emission of power lines and radiated emission. Meanwhile, these measures also apply to EMC design of other parts in inertial guidance system.


The increasing variety of radio standards utilized by modern mobile devices necessitates that these devices handle numerous frequency bands. As the frequency range increases, the support for multiple bands creates design issues for frequency synthesizers. The increased frequency range provides the benefit of broader bandwidth and smaller antennas that require less space. An existing frequency synthesizer's performance and range can be enhanced by including frequency dividers. Injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFD) receive the most attention among other frequency dividers due to their better phase noise performance and low-power at high frequencies. This paper presents a divide-by-2 Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) LC-ILFD with a wide locking range percentage and low power. The proposed CMOS LC-ILFD uses sinusoidal tail current-shaping and cross-coupled topology to reduce phase noise and power consumption. At an injection power of 0 dBm and an injection voltage of 0.6 V, the proposed ILFD has an input frequency locking range of 3.8 GHz to 6.5 GHz (52.43%). Aside from that, the proposed ILFD had a phase noise of -125.97 dBc/Hz at a noise frequency of 1 MHz. The proposed ILFD was realized in 180 nm CMOS process with ADS software and had a power dissipation of 1 mW at a 1V DC supply.


The invention relates to a fixing adjustment device of a keyboard, in particular to an angle adjustment device of the computer keyboard. A sucker (8) is arranged on the lower portion of a fixing plate (7), a round boss (16) is arranged on the upper portion of the fixing plate (7), a necking-down groove (17) is formed in the lower portion of the round boss, inner protruding strips (9) on the lower portions of the inner sides of two arc plates (6) are clamped on two sides of the necking-down groove in the lower portion of the round boss, an adjustment plate (5) is fixedly connected with the upper portions of the two arc plates, the rear portions of the two ends of the adjustment plate are respectively provided with a large F plate (2), and the front portions of the two ends of the adjustment plate are respectively provided with a small F plate (3). The angle adjustment device of the computer keyboard is firmly fixed to a table of a car through the sucker, the fixing plate, the arc plates and the adjustment plate, damage to the keyboard is effectively avoided, and the angle of the keyboard can be conveniently adjusted due to the clamping structure of the fixing plate and the arc plates.


In this paper, we investigate the outage performance of opportunistic relaying for a cooperative small-cell system with M small-cell transmitters and N relays. To enable flexible deployment of ultra dense small-cells, wireless backhauls are applied for connecting a macro-cell base station and M smallcell transmitters. In each transmission block, the transmitter-relay pair achieving the highest end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio is selected to transmit the source signal to the destination. The backhaul reliability is considered for revealing the practical constraints on wireless backhaul-based opportunistic relaying, while cyclic pre-fixed single carrier transmission is employed for mitigating frequency-selective fading. The new closed-form outage probability and asymptotic outage performance limit are derived for the cooperative small-cell system with unreliable backhauls and under frequency-selective fading channels. It is shown that transmitter cooperation and a corresponding back-haul reliability levels exclusively determine asymptotic outage probability, while diversity gain is jointly determined by M, N, and the sum number of multi-path components of frequency-selective fading channels. Link-level simulations are conducted to verify the derived joint impact of backhaul reliability and transmitter-relay cooperation on the outage performance.


Iodocyclization of sulfinimine-derived enantiopure homoallylic sulfonamides affords trans-2,5-disubstituted 3-iodopyrrolidines and represents valuable methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of this important heterocyclic ring system.


This paper develops monitoring system of multi-rope hoist rope tension which has power save mode.It also improves hardware and software of conventional monitoring system.The improved system can diagnose failures such as overload,less ballast,jam and make alert.


We study the magnetic excitation spectrum in three-dimensional diluted ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor systems down to the percolation threshold. The disorder effects resulting from the dilution are handled accurately within self-consistent local random phase approximation approach. The calculations are performed using relatively large systems containing typically 20 000 localized spins, a systematic average over many configurations of disorder is performed. We analyze in details the change in the magnon spectrum and magnon density of states as we increase the dilution. The zone of stability of the well-defined magnon modes is shown to shrink drastically as we approach the percolation threshold. We also calculate the spin stiffness which appears to vanish at the percolation threshold exactly. A comparison with available data, based on a different theoretical approach, is also provided. We hope that this study will motivate new experimental studies based on inelastic neutron-scattering measurements.


New epidemiological evidence of an association between circulating white blood count (WBC) and subsequent cancer mortality has been found by researchers from Australia.


This paper seeks to determine if institutional investors influence corporate research and development (R&D) investment policies. Specifically, this study tests whether institutional investors encourage R&D investment in firms with higher firm stock liquidity. Firm and year fixed effect regressions examining the effect of changes in institutional investor levels to subsequent changes in R&D investment levels are used. For robustness, difference-GMM regressions and regressions for different time periods are ran on the same relationship. I find that increased institutional ownership leads to increases in R&D investment, especially in firms with higher firm stock liquidity. Results support the assertion that the presence of institutional shareholders encourages management to invest in R&D for long-term benefits in lieu of short-term profits. Institutions have become the foremost power in U.S. stock ownership. The results in this paper indicate that institutional investors can deter management from investing in R&D at a sub-optimal level, thus benefiting all shareholders.


Transcutaneous wireless communication is a key part of pacemakers and neuro-stimulators.An electromagnetic coupled transcutaneous wireless communication system,with pulse position modulation(PPM),was developed and tested.Based on resonance electromagnetism theory,the coils in the programmer and implantable device were coupled for high reliability communication,and the relationship between coupling coefficient,misalignment,resonance frequency and communication distance were investigated as well.Experimental results showed that the average power consumption was about 99 μW for the implantable device in PPM system,1/300 of the common-used amplitude shift-keying(ASK) system at the condition of 10 cm distance between the implantable device and the programmer with titanium container.The position tolerance experiments also presented that the PPM method had robust property for coil misalignment.


PurposeThis study aimed to measure the effects of the Russian–Ukrainian war on the value of imports and the food trade balance in Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachEstimating the suggested model using econometric analysis for the years 1990–2021.FindingsThe amount of deficit increased in the food trade balance from 11.58 billion riyals in 1990 to 72.98 billion riyals in 2021. As for the increase in the index of food production by 10%, it leads to a decrease in the value of food imports for Saudi Arabia by 1.88%. Also, the value of the deficit in Saudi Arabia's food trade balance decreases by 5.24% as a result of a 10% rise in food exports to the country.Originality/valueIn light of the increase in the food price index to 145.8, the value of food imports and the deficit in the food trade balance exceed their counterparts in the current situation for the year 2021, at a rate of 37.1% and 44.5% for each respectively. In view of achieving huge financial surpluses as a result of the rise in oil prices, the Saudi Arabia is able to bear the high import bill and the amount of food trade balance deficit. Finally, the Russian–Ukrainian war leads to an increase in the cost of obtaining food commodities and their unavailability in the markets and thus affects the food security environment. Therefore, this study recommends the necessity of conducting more studies on the impact of the war on the food security of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.


In this paper, we study nodes from the PlanetLab test bed to form a model of their uptime behavior. By applying clustering techniques to over a year's worth of availability data for the nodes, we identify six uptime distributions, each exhibiting unique characteristics shared by the nodes within it. The behavioral patterns exhibited by these groups, combined with the behaviors exhibited by the aggregate across the system, provide useful information for researchers designing applications that are run or tested on PlanetLab.


The tensor analyzing power of the (d,2He) reaction has been measured at 270 MeV. Its usefulness for the spectroscopic study, particularly in identifying Jπ of the spin‐flip dipole states, is demonstrated for a 12C target. The data are reasonably reproduced in terms of the DWBA theory for the three‐body reaction.


The Cu-Cu(Ⅱ)和Cu-Zn(Ⅱ)oxamido-bridged dinuclear complexes were synthesized and characterized.The kinetics and the mechanism on PNPP hydrolysis catalyzed two oxamido-bridged dinuclear complexes were investigated.A kinetic mathematical model of PNPP cleavage catalyzed by the oxamido-bridged dinuclear complexes was proposed.The results showed:the rate of the PNPP catalytic hydrolysis was increased following increasing pH value of the buffer solution,two metal(Ⅱ)ions revealed the synergistic effects in the PNPP catalytic hydrolysis,two oxamido-bridged dinuclear complexes showed high activity in the PNPP catalytic hydrolysis,the kinetic model proposed in the paper is reasoalbe.


Public health is animated by two grand visions: a utilitarian outlook that seeks to advance population health by reducing patterns of morbidity and mortality, and a moral commitment to reducing inequalities in health status. Indeed, it was the latter that informed the social movements embracing public health and arguing that an attack on disparities as inequities was central to achieving the goals for population well-being. The contemporary rhetorical flourishes of public health too often assume that there is no tension between the two goals. But in fact there may be a paradoxical relationship between the achievements at the population level and equality. That is, programs and policies that reduce morbidity and mortality may actually sharpen or even create social divisions. Should we then regard such programs as failures, and if not, how can we address the inequalities that result from their success? As an example, let us examine the case of tobacco control.

In the early 1960s, 52% of men and 34% of women in the United States smoked cigarettes.1 It is now a half century since the public health campaign against tobacco began. The initial efforts—hobbled by indecision, the power of a major industry and its allies, as well as the hold of a social norm that shaped the world of smokers and nonsmokers—were merely symbolic gestures in the face of a profound threat to public health.

In the next decades, however, more effective measures were brought to bear: public health information campaigns became starker; advertising was limited; restrictions on smoking in public became pervasive; and the power to tax was used to shape the consumption of tobacco, making use of the elasticity of demand for even the most addictive product. By the start of the 21st century, a process of de-normalization was in place. What had been conventional was becoming increasingly marginalized. By 2012 the prevalence of smoking had declined dramatically: 20.5% of men and 15.8% of women smoked, a reduction of 61% for the former and 54% for the latter.2

But despite that remarkable achievement, by the early 1970s a striking social gradient had emerged. In 1974, 52% of men without a high school diploma smoked, though only 28% of those who had graduated from college did. By 2000, smoking rates had declined to 36% among men with less than a high school education and 11% among those with a bachelor's degree. A similar pattern prevailed among women: In 1970, 36% of less educated women smoked, whereas 25% of those with a college degree did. Sixteen years later, the rates for women were 27% and 10%, respectively, and by 2011, the gradient was entrenched. Table Table11 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention makes this clear.3

Table 1

Smoking Rates by Education, 2011 (%)

That there is a social gradient in smoking is not surprising, but what makes it so striking is that it has been created by the momentous achievement at the population level, and not only in regard to tobacco. Phelan and Link underscore this point in their paradoxically titled paper "Controlling Disease and Creating Disparities: A Fundamental Cause Perspective."4 They argue that when we develop the ability to control disease and death, the benefits of this newfound ability are typically distributed according to resources, knowledge, money, power, prestige, and beneficial social connections. In the end, it is such advantages that shape "health-enhancing behaviors."

Where does this leave us? To further reduce smoking at a population level now must involve strategies targeting those who continue to smoke in large numbers—those who are relatively poor and less educated. It is they who will benefit in the long run if these interventions are effective. But these interventions will necessarily be even more burdensome for them: higher taxes that are, by definition, regressive; progressively more restrictive measures regarding where smoking is permitted, which may no longer include outdoor parks, plazas, and beaches; and the utilization of campaigns that will further de-normalize smoking and smokers.

In the end, the questions we need to address are ethical and moral. Are these interventions just? Is it fair to impose greater burdens on the already disadvantaged? Would a failure to intervene represent a form of neglect in the face of inequity? And how far should we go in imposing restrictions on those whose choices already are so limited, in the name of closing the social divide and enhancing the population's health? As Robert Rabin, a professor of law at Stanford University and the former director of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Program on Tobacco Policy Research and Evaluation, asked, "How restrictive a society [do] we want to create? … How far [do] we want to go in reducing individual autonomy, including what can be perceived as self-destructive behavior?"5 In facing these questions, we need to shed the tendency for cant to muddle our thinking.


Work is devoted to problem of working out and operation of abrasive tools an estimation the possibility of use the methods of quantitative metallography and microscopic analysis for definition the structure of compos-ite materials with fillers from powders of superhard materials.


Listeners perceptually assimilate nonnative phones to native phonemes, but do they do so with unfam-iliar accents of their own language? We assessed Australian (Aus) listeners' assimilation of vowels in two unfamiliar English accents, and whether prior short-term exposure to the other accent would yield any adaptation to its vowels. Participants categorized the vowels of nonce words spoken in Aus or one of the unfamiliar accents (London [Lon]; Yorkshire [Yks]), after first hearing a story told round-robin by multiple speakers of Aus or of the other accent. Here we address six vowels with differing assimilation predictions for Lon vs. Yks. Results indicate that perceptual assimilation does contribute to perception of vowel variation, and that brief exposure to an unfamiliar accent can yield some degree of adaptation to its vowels. Keywords: vowel perception, English accents, perceptual assimilation, accent adaptation


We propose a microvideo multilabel learning model based on a multiview low-rank representation which combines the low-rank representation and multilabel learning into a unified framework and uses the consistency in different features to learn an intrinsically robust low-rank representation Meanwhile to represent the potential label correlations our proposed model constructs a label correlation learning term to adaptively capture the labels􀆶 correlation matrix Furthermore the supervised information is exploited to further improve the representation ability of our model Extensive experiments on a large-scale public dataset show the effectiveness of the proposed


The article focuses on the beads which were founded in burials of warriors along with swords in Tarasovo burial ground. It is the largest and the richest necropolis in the Middle-Kama region, which is dated by the first half of the I millennium A.D. The authors also analyze the accompanying equipment from the burials including the chalcedony discs. The authors offer the hypothesis for using beads on the sword-belt set, for the origins of the weapons decoration with beads, and for the reasons for which the people of the Middle-Kama region used such a practice.


Project - based learning is a teaching model in which learners perform a complex learning task, with a combination of theory and practice to create a specific product. One of the advantages of this teaching model is to develop students' abilities, especially communication and cooperation, problem solving, self-study, and critical thinking... as the current educational goal is aiming. In the context of the transition from knowledge-oriented education to competency-oriented education, the research and application of project teaching in subjects in general and technical subjects in primary schools in particular has profound practical significance. By analyzing the concept, characteristics, project teaching process and systematizing the project classifications; Based on the characteristics of engineering subjects in elementary school, the article divides engineering subject projects into 4 types: inquiry project, research project, practice project, mixed project, concept clarification , characteristics, application process of each type of project and propose specific examples suitable to the characteristics of grade 4 and grade 5 technical subjects according to the approach to the 2018 Technology curriculum.


A model of the configuration of charged ideal ionic and electron gases was used in the study of plasma oscillations in a wide range of frequencies for arbitrary direction of propagation and wave length. The investigation permitted the systemization of various types of oscillations and revealed some new data. (R.V.J.)


Atmospheric corrosion test data for silver were analyzed which were obtained in various sites in Japan. A new corrosion life assessment method was developed. The method took into account the interactive effect of multiple environmental factors on the decrease in metal weight during corrosion tests. The simple and practically useful formula for corrosion life prediction was established in terms of environmental indices and the formula could enable the evaluation of time dependent loss of metal weight based on the environmental assessment.


1. The most primitive type of epiphysial mechanism known is found in bony fishes, and from this type all others are easily derivable. The cartilaginous epiphyses contain a mass of undifferentiated cells, a growth zone of flattened cells, and a zone of hyper‐trophied cells derived from them. Endochondral bone and marrow are well developed. Temporary cessation of growth may occur with loss of differentiation in the growth zone and the formation of a closing plate of endochondral bone shutting off the marrow from the epiphysial cartilage.


Abstract Laboratory experiments on pressurization with nitrogen as a technique for suppressing fires in gastight spaces have been extended to solid fuel combustion. Flames from fabric and cellulosic fires in a 9.5 ft3 chamber were quenched by the addition of ≲ 0. 5 atm of nitrogen. Several samples of each fuel were allowed to burn to self-extinguishment in the closed chamber to ascertain the true effectiveness of the technique in halting the production of noxious gases. By comparison with these unattended fires, it was shown that the depletion of oxygen was terminated quickly and the gross buildup of noxious gases was significantly repressed by nitrogen pressurization, leaving a habitable postfire atmosphere.


We study the effects of the accretion of normal matter on to strange-matter pulsar models. It is assumed that, because of the high strangeness barrier, normal matter is inert in contact with Q α matter. For this reason, normal matter accretion is able to form a thick outer layer with densities far above neutron drip. Accretion can make the superfluid quark-alpha Q α a layer disappear by solidification but, for the same reason, a superfluid neutron layer is formed. The fractional moment of inertia of the latter is large enough to fulfil the vortex-creep glitch model requirements. The high rotational stability of millisecond pulsars is discussed in the framework of the strange-matter hypothesis


For atrium buildings,the design objective of a mechanical smoke exhaust system is to maintain the smoke layer over the safe level that will allow occupants to escape safely from the space,or to make the time period that smoke layer descend to the hazard level longer than that for occupants evacuation.Therefore,the determination of the smoke exhaust rate is the key point.In this paper,two kinds of calculation equations for smoke production rate under fire source condition were introduced,and the comparison between the equations and the method for determining the smoke exhaust rate in standards of China was presented.The results indicated that for the axial symmetry plume model,NFPA model had a better forecast result,while for the balcony spill plume model,further research work should be carried out.In addition,when the smoke exhaust rate was determined by the air change rate,the disadvantages could not satisfy the requirements of performance-based analysis.As a result,some suggestions were provided for better making the related standards and performance-based design in China.


This paper examines how queer practices of transformation enable the preservation and perversion of the logics, aspirations, and violences that animated Imelda Marcos's "war of urban beautification". It traces conceptual overlaps between the notions of truth and beauty that underpinned Imelda's faith in architectural modernism and which operate in the sex/gender tradition of kabaklaan. Using the case study of the Manila Film Center, a formerly abandoned and famously haunted Marcos-era building that has been transformed into the host site of a "transgender" revue, the paper demonstrates how queerness, necropower, architecture, and dreams of urban and global modernity come together through the spatial effects of authoritarian power.


Dan L Bragg: THE APPLICATION OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AMONG CHRISTIAN SCHOOL LEADERS IN THE SOUTHEAST AND THE MIDATLANTIC NORTH REGIONS (Under the direction of Dr. Clarence C. Holland) School of Education, June 2008. Transformational Leadership is part of a growing body of research that is having impact in leadership development in every industry and service organization. The Christian schools leader can also take advantage of the ideas that integrate so well into Biblical principles. This causal comparative study utilizing correlation and parametric statistics (ANOVA) along with descriptive cross-sectional observation investigated the differences of Transformational leadership in two distinct regions to understand how transformational leadership responded to differing cultures. This research has taken a deeper look into the elements of transformational leadership that must be enacted for a Christian school to succeed and thrive in today's changing world and procure a successful future for Christian education. There are many studies that suggested differences in aspects of culture will result in differences in the way transformational leadership is implemented and received. Using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) survey and assessing descriptive statistical information revealed several benefits, challenges, needed behaviors, and attitudes for transformational leadership to add a positive addition to Christian education while shedding light on what makes a Christian school leader successful. Though data is not conclusive to the .05 level, the Bible belt culture has instilled a great many attributes of transformational leadership, but because of


Selective estrogen receptor modulators tamoxifen, raloxifene, and bazedoxifene reduce neuronal death through the mechanisms of anti-inflammation, antioxidant stress, and inhibition of glutamate excitotoxicity. They play a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia and may become a new neuroprotective agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Key words:
Stroke; Brain Ischemia; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Receptors, Estrogen; Tamoxifen; Raloxifene Hydrochloride; Bazedoxifene; Neuroprotective Agents


This paper provides an overview of legal responsibilities of school districts relating to "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) orders for children who are medically fragile. It addresses the incidence of school children who are medically fragile and differences in state laws that affect DNR orders. Attitudes that are preventing school districts from making sound decisions are explored and steps districts should take to comply with DNR orders are provided. These include: (1) gaining assurance that the parent, guardian, or physician making the request have the authority to do so; (2) ascertaining whether any district staff has reason to believe the parent or guardian making the request lack the authority to do so, have done so for ulterior motives, or are not motivated in the students' best interests; (3) reviewing the request or order to determine whether it can be reasonably understood and implemented by employees; (4) identifying and considering each step in the implementation process; (5) making sure all staff who might provide services to the student are alerted that a DNR order exists; and (6) documenting all arrangements in a letter with all parties acknowledging in writing that they understand and agree to the procedures that should be followed. (CR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the ori inal document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCT1ONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. An Overview of DNR Orders: Considerations for School Districts S. James Rosenfeld, Esq. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 'Why School Personnel Must Know About DNR Orders One of the central objectives of IDEA is to assure that all children with disabilities are educated in the "least restrictive environment." Among these are students informally called "medically fragile." These are children who require medication, catheterization, tracheostomy, respiratory assistance or other medical procedures, and usually intermittent or constant monitoring. They may have deteriorating diseases, they may appear to be "fragile", or they may appear to be perfectly normal. For purposes of special education administration, they are usually identified as students with "other health impairments" or "multiple disabilities." But what truly distinguishes them as "fragile" is that they live on a knife edge: If they do not receive their medication, the proper amount or on time, if required medical procedures are not properly administered, or if there is a failure in the maintenance of their medication or procedures, they may die. It is not uncommon for emergency resuscitation procedures to be administered in such circumstances. Since educational personnel may be the only persons present, they may be faced with decisions about administration of resuscitation, and resuscitation itself. It is at this point that questions concerning resuscitation, or not to resuscitate, arise. The acronym "DNR" (Do Not Resuscitate) has become familiar to most of us through television medical dramas. But the fact is that at least some of the medically fragile children now being served in schools may be subject to, or are candidates for, DNR orders. Nonetheless, very few education agencies have considered the practical problems or legal questions that may arise concerning these students. This article is intended to provide some guidance in this area. Preliminarily, however, a few cautionary words are in order. First, there appear to be no court decisions dealing with the obligation of educational institutions or personnel to honor or ignore instructions concerning DNR orders. For this reason, all suggestions and advice offered herein should be considered as hypothetical, formulated in light of best current existing practices but conjectural nonetheless. The reason for the lack of case law probably reflects that DNR decisions are being made within the family, based upon competent medical advice and in consultation with-religious advisers. Second, problems concerning resuscitation are distinct from an education agency's obligation to serve medically fragile children. However uncertain may be the former, there can be no doubt about the latter. There is a clear, and for the most part unequivocal, record of decisions holding that children with complex medical needs are entitled to be educated within the public school system. The law does state that schools are not required to provide "medical" services, but even if this limitation is gradually being eroded, it has nothing to do with questions concerning DNR orders. Third, this brief article is an overview of Federal requirements in an area that is primarily governed by state law. Many of the procedures required for medically fragile children are governed not by education statutes, but laws regulating nursing, medicine, or some other related field. The reader's first obligation is to consult an experienced attorney in his or her state and determine the relevant state statutes and regulations. r\. How many children may be subject to DNR orders? Medically fragile students may have conditions that include ventilator dependence, tracheostomy dependence, oxygen dependence, nutritional supplement dependence, congestive heart problems, need for long-term care, need for )0 high-technology care, apnea monitoring, or kidney dialysis. These students are similar in their needs for extreme medical care, usually including intervention while they are in school. However, each medical condition presents its own unique set of characteristics. Thus, there are no reliable figures on the number of students who are or may be subject to DNR orders. Among the eligibility categories established by IDEA, medically fragile students most likely would be found among those identified as having multiple disabilities or other health impairments. In EST COPY AVAILABLE 2 'A presentation at the 1995 Annual Convention of the Council for Exceptional Children by Christine A. Schnieders and Robbie Ludy reported the results of a survey. It found the following: 47 school districts responded to the survey; they were split almost equally among urban, suburban and rural settings. The mean student population of the respondents was 29,468; mean special education population was 3,360 (these may have included gifted); mean medically fragile population was 165. !The term "student population" was not defined for the participants.] Of 47 districts that replied to the survey, 14 had a policy dealing with death of students, school personnel, and other similar matters; only 2 had clear DNR policy. These two were opposed: one said it absolutely followed DNR orders from parents and physicians; the other said it kept students alive but would consider alternative life-sustaining measures with transportation to hospitals. A report of a survey conducted by the Office of School Health of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, dated March 1995, also indicated that only a small number of school districts have formulated policies on DNR. The report was based on a 10% systematic random sample (1,677) of the nearly 16,000 school districts in the country, 482 (28.8%) of whom responded. This survey indicated that only 4.7% of school districts have a policy on DNR. Source: "A Closer Look", a Report of Selected Findings from the National Health Survey 1993-1994 (Denver 1995). What is a DNR Order? "DNR" stands for "do not resuscitate." It is a commonly used acronym for an order or directive that cardiopulmonary resuscitation not be used in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest. In the school setting, typically it would come from a parent, guardian, or student's physician. A particular state's laws or regulations may define a DNR order differently or use a different term. These provisions may also address, among other things, in what settings DNR orders must be honored and the required response of personnel in those settings. While DNR orders traditionally have raised issues only in hospitals and nursing homes, absent state laws or regulations to the contrary, there is no reason to assume DNR orders should not be honored in other settings including schools. Why Are DNR Orders Different?_ _ _ DNR orders are different because they reverse the primary assumption regarding the provision of medical treatment. The primary assumption is that no treatment can be provided without a patient's consent. In the case of a minor or incompetent, that consent must be provided by a person authorized to act on behalf of the patient, usually a parent or guardian. It is the liability for treatment not authorized or consented to that is responsible for the mountain of forms patients must review and sign upon undergoing medical treatment. For a person in cardiac arrest, the medical care procedures to prevent arrest or, in the event of arrest, resuscitation is provided automatically, unless the physicians have reason to believe that it should not be. Presumably this is because of the common assumption that most people would rather stay alive than die. But a DNR order is a direct contravention of this assumption. It is an explicit directive based upon a decision made by an authorized person (or persons) that extraordinary procedures shall not be used to continue the patient's life. An exhaustive analysis of a person's right to refuse medical treatment is beyond the scope of this discussion. However, a brief review of some basic generally accepted principles is warranted. From a constitutional standpoint, a competent adult has the right to decide what medical treatment he or she wi


This study is about Swedish "safety delegates" (skyddsombud). The main function of a safety delegate (SD) is to represent employees in matters of work environment (health and safety including psych ...


The aim of this paper is to establish a relation between the tangent cone of the medial axis of X at given point a of R^n and the medial axis to the set of points in X realising the d(a, X). As a consequence we obtain the lower bound for the dimension of the medial axis of X in terms of the dimension of the medial axis of m(a).


S ince Black Americans began flowing into U.S. cities, the pursuit of housing justice has been intertwined with the fight for racial justice. Discrimination in housing markets deprived Blacks of the ability to obtain homes in White neighborhoods and towns. The spaces they could occupy were more crowded, less safe, and less desirable along several other dimensions. Further, lending discrimination prohibited Blacks from building wealth and investing in their own neighborhoods while Whites gained mountains of wealth in a housing market that only went up. White supremacist tastes also governed the logic of housing markets, meaning not only Black neighborhoods were avoided but Black people being introduced to all-White neighborhoods sent property values into a tailspin. It is no longer spoken out loud (often), but it is generally accepted that Black people and spaces have negative value in housing markets. If that is controversial and debatable now, it certainly was not in the middle of the 20th century, when Whites escaped to the suburbs as the color line's borders became porous. The four books in this synthesis all engage with histories of housing injustice in the United States. Race plays a starring role in the books by Rodriguez, Slater, and Taylor and is always simmering just below the surface in Dawkins's book. All four books have something to offer planners and planning educators and scholars. Planning students often demand that we teach them more about race and how planning can further racial justice. These books have more to say about the past than this latter question, but it is the rare student who knows these histories well enough to understand the solutions.


Traffic flow optimization within traffic networks has been approached through different kinds of methods. One of the methods is to reconfigure the traffic signal timing plan. However, dynamic characteristic of the traffic flow is not able to be resolved by the conventional traffic signal timing plan management. As a result, traffic congestion still remains as an unsolved problem. Thus, in this study, artificial intelligence algorithm has been introduced in the traffic signal timing plan to enable the traffic management systems' learning ability. Q-Learning algorithm acts as the learning mechanism for traffic light intersections to release itself from traffic congestions situation. Adjacent traffic light intersections will work independently and yet cooperate with each other to a common goal of ensuring the fluency of the traffic flows within traffic network. The experimental results show that the Q-Learning algorithm is able to learn from the dynamic traffic flow and optimized the traffic flow.


This paper discusses the combined impact of high injection pressure and injection timings on the performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using biodiesel ester of Simarouba oil (SOME) blends. A Kirloskar make single cylinder 3.7 kW (5 HP) capacity diesel engine was modified to operate with Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) system. Experiments were carried on this engine with CRDI setup, fueled with diesel and SOME biodiesel to optimize the combined Injection Pressure (IP) and Injection Timing (IT). A combination of three different IP of 600 bar, 800 bar, 1000 bar and four different injection timings (IT) of 10°, 18°, 23°, 28° before Top Dead Centre (bTDC) were tested at a constant Compression Ratio (CR) of 16.5, engine speed of 1500 rpm by varying load from 25% to 100% of full load. Maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) was recorded at IP of 800 bar and IT of 18°bTDC CA combination for HSD, SOME 20 and SOME 30. Peak pressure and Heat Release Rates (HRR) were studied for IT of 23°bTDC and found maximum values with IP 800 bar for neat diesel (HSD). The findings of this study encourage and emphasize the probability of admitting the higher percentage biodiesel blends with HSD by the make use of a proper combination of high fuel injection pressure and injection timing. Hence it serves to overcome the depletion of neat diesel and its environmental issues.


This article reviews the relative position of art in special education curriculums, summarizes existent research literature related to art and the mentally retarded, and presents the beginnings of a structured, sequential, behaviorally based art program for educable retarded children. The curriculum model proposed includes a method of assessing the individual's increment of learning in the areas of visual analysis, perceptual discrimination, self awareness, and self concept. Brief descriptions of three introductory lesson plans and an abbreviated synopsis of activities from the unit on self awareness and self concept are included as illustrative material.


124 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: F10230486S319/19©BEIESP Abstract— This paper describes the experimental investigation on flexural behavior of cold formed steel (CFS) lipped channel corrugated section .Cold-formed steel is getting popular over the years in construction industry. However, due to its thin-walled behaviour, cold-formed steel is prompt to have buckling failure, previous research were done to provide stiffener in order to overcome this problem. In this research paper three different sets of corrugated sections have been taken for testing flexural behaviour namely (i)horizontal corrugated back to back lipped channel sections without gap (ii) horizontal corrugated back to back lipped channel sections with gap and (iii) vertical corrugated lipped channel sections by providing corrugation angle in horizontal and vertical direction. Corrugated section of cold-formed steel behave differently in beam and column compared to straight section. Corrugated section has an advantage of exhibit distinct enhancement in ultimate strength and reduced deflection in flexural behaviour. Both the Experimental and Analytical study were carried out for the chosen specimens respectively. It was noticed from the Analytical results that there was an increase in Ultimate Load carrying capacity for the vertically corrugated section. For the selected corrugated sections, it was observed from the Experimental values that the ultimate load carrying capacity was increased by 9.7% in the vertically corrugated section. This would have been because of the provision of stiffeners at the edge and web of the section.


In this paper our new idea describes the alternative of transformer oil. One of the mainly significant equipment in electrical power system is Transformer. For the most part of the transformers are by means of oil as the cooling Medium and normally use fuel base oil. mainly the cause of choosing petroleum based oil as transformer oil for the reason that it have a superior dielectric strength and cooling concert. Though the usage of Transformer oil has unnatural the surroundings as its non-biodegrability possessions and nonrenewable resources. So the Mineral oil or Transformer oil was replaced by alternatives such as combination of Jatropha oil and silk cotton oil of Ethyl Ester(SCOEE) due to their biodegradability and environmental friendly. Basically Jatropha oil and SCOEE has high dielectric property. The various blends were prepared using Jatropha oil (J) and SCOEE (S) in the ratio of J80 -S20 and S80 - J20. Several Physical, Chemical and Electrical tests were carried out. On the combination of Jatropha oil and SCOEE and their blends using advanced testing devices in oil - testing laboratory. The test results were compared with Indian Standards IS - 335(1993), which describes about the characteristics of non insulating oils. It was found that the test results of combination of Jatropha oil and SCOEE were in good agreement with IS. Hence it can be conclude that the combination of Jatropha oil and SCOEE has good performance characteristics in terms of insulation and Cooling property, which make it suitable to use it as alternative conventional transformer oil in future.


Research purposes: The Yichang Yangtze Bridge on the railway from Yichang to Wanzhou,is a long-span composite bridge with rigid frame and tender arch,with the main span of 275 m.By analysis of the dynamic response of the bridge under seismic action,this paper studies the dynamic and aseismic characteristics of such kind bridge to seek the weak points of aseismic behavior for paying attention to them in design. Research conclusions: From the study and analysis of the aseismic behavior of a long-span composite bridge with rigid frame and tender arch,it is concluded that,compared with the traditional bridge,the aseismic behavior of a long-span composite bridge with rigid frame and tender arch is better,but the joint between pier and girder and the pier bottom are poor at aseismic behavior.We should pay more attention in design.Generaly speaking,the tender arch has a larger displacement response,though its inner force response is small.Thus the arch top needs to be restricted due to great amount of transverse movement in case,this type of bridge is built in a high-intensity earthquake area.


DESCRIBED filter structures consisting of a set of resonators SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE (OAS) INDIVIDUAL FORMED BY INTER METAL COMBS - Fingered ON A COMMON piezoelectric substrate. SOME AREAS metallization (1, 2, 3, 4) between COMBS PROVIDING MEANS TO CONNECT THE FILTER IN A CIRCUIT, FOR EXAMPLE, A MOBILE PHONE, SO THAT act as a filter with a passband in the range of 800 A 2.200 MHZ. INDIVIDUAL OAS each resonator differs from the others, all of which are interconnected in a ladder arrangement AND / OR BALANCED BRIDGE.


1.1. There is no other domain whose place in the grammatical description of a language is more controversial than word-formation. This is true for generative-transformational grammar, äs indicated by the controversy between transformationalists and lexicalists äs to whether word-formation belongs to syntax or to the lexicon. And it is also the case outside generative-transformational grammar, where word-formation was sometimes regarded äs part of morphology and sometimes äs part of lexical semantics. The first Option is characteristic of American descriptive linguistics and its division of morphology into inflection and derivation (or derivational morphology, which also includes compounding, cf., e.g., GLEASON 1961: 96ff., HOCKETT 1958: 209, 240ff.). The second Option is taken, -g-> by COSEEITT (1958: 13ff., 1977), who treats word-formation äs a primarily semantic phenomenon, which together with a description of the organization of the prünary vocabulary (= monomorphemic lexical items) in terms of (paradigmatic) lexical fields and (syntagmatic) lexical solidarities, is subsumed under a general "lexematics", the analysis of lexical structures from a semantic point of view.


Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder that can cause substantial impairments in quality of life. Clinical treatment is usually built on trial and error method, which lasts about 12 weeks to evaluate whether the treatment is efficient or not, leading some inefficient treatment measures. We therefore identify early candidate urine biomarkers to predict efficient treatment response in MDD patients. In this study, urine samples were collected from 10 respondent and 10 non‐respondent to escitalopram MDD patients with 0‐, 2‐, and 12‐week treatment. Differential urinary proteins were then analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). On week 2, there were 14 differential proteins identified in response group when compared with week 0 and these proteins can't be enriched by random allocation analysis, 10 among which have been associated with the mechanisms of MDD. While in non‐response group, there were 35 differential proteins identified on week 2, and 18 among which have been associated with the mechanisms of MDD. In addition, differential urinary proteins on week 2 between respondent and non‐response group can be distinguished clearly by using Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis (OPLS‐DA). Our small pilot results indicated that the urine proteome can reflect early changes between respondent and non‐respondent group to escitalopram therapy since on week 2, which will provide potential early candidate urine biomarkers to predict efficient treatment measures in MDD patients.


This paper presents a method on fine Doppler frequency acquisition in software GPS receiver, which is implemented in Matlab/Simulink. Compared with the existing FFT-based approach, it speeds up the handover from acquisition to tracking stages, and it requires much less computational burden. A field experiment is made to show the positioning performance of the software GPS receiver, which verifies the correctness of the applied acquisition and tracking techniques.


found in three-field crop after black The highest yield of rye grain in the field crop rotation with crops after The yield of mono-sown grain was found to be significantly from 7.1 to 16.0% lower compared crop rotations. The highest content of crude protein and crude was found in grains of rye grown in intensive crop rotation, and the content of crude fat and crude fiber was found in cereals grown in monofilament. Significantly 21.8 and 25.0% lower contamination of rye grain with Alternaria spp. genus fungi compared to monocotyledonous in the three-field and sideration crop rotations. In the three-field, intensive and sidereal crop rotations, the amount of rye grains contaminated with Cladosporium spp. was significantly lower from 50.0 to 66.7% compared to the field crop with cumulative crops. Contamination of rye grains Fusarium spp. genus fungi did not differ significantly in different crop rotations and monofilament.


Founded in 1868 by Jamsetji Tata, the Tata Group is an international business under the leadership of India and operates more than 100 companies operating in more than 100 countries on six continents and producing more than 150 countries. His father's earnings per share in 2013-14 totaled $ 103.27 billion (approximately $ 626,757), which is 67.2% of all non-Indian companies. Daddy's employs 581,000 people worldwide.


U.S. Presidents from 1948–1984 whose body mass indexes were greater than 25 received higher ratings from historians in the Murray-Blessing Poll than their smaller peers as is consistent with previous research on size and perceived leadership.


Several studies have shown that cache memories account for more than 40% of the total energy consumed in processor-based embedded systems. In microscale technology nodes, active power is the primary contributor to the total power dissipation of a CMOS chip. However, in nano-scale technologies, leakage power is dominating total power dissipation. In this paper, we show that this fact affects the optimal cache size for low energy embedded systems. We study a number of embedded applications in three different technologies: 180nm, 100nm and 70nm. The results confirm that for a given application, the optimal cache size for minimal energy consumption varies with the technology. Our study further reveals that the change in the optimal size of cache depends on the rate at which cache misses increase when reducing the cache size; when this rate is sharp, the optimal point is the same for all three technologies, however at less steep rates, smaller caches consume the least energy (upto 91% less energy with only 14% performance loss). Consequently in future nanometer processes, unlike previous technologies, cache size should be minimized to obtain the least energy.


PbZn1/3Nb2/3)-0.07PbTiO3 single crystals with and without MnO2 addition have been synthesised by the classical flux method. The structural transitions temperatures have been investigated by X-Ray diffraction and dielectric measurements. Mn doping was found to shift down the structural transitions temperatures. Electromechanical and dielectric properties of (111) oriented rhombohedral single domain crystals have shown an intrinsic contribution of Mn doping on the dielectric permittivity (e) and on the piezoelectric coefficient (d31).


Advances in emerging technology of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are one of the most challenging tasks in today's experimental mechanics. More specifically, development of these miniature devices requires sophisticated design, analysis, fabrication, testing, and characterization tools that have multiphysics and multiscale capabilities, especially as MEMS are being developed for use at harsh conditions. In harsh-environment and high-performance (e.g., military) guidance applications inertial sensors must be sensitive to low rates of rotation yet survive the high blast loads associated with the initial launch. In this multi-year study, a set of tuning fork gyroscopes were subjected to a series of increasing g-loads (culminating at approximately 60,000 g's) with measurements of shape made after each test. A custom set of test sample packages (aka articles) were hermetically sealed with glass lids to allow optical inspection of components while preserving the operating environment (i.e., vacuum). Initial test measurements were made upon fabrication of the articles. Optical and interferometric measurements have been made prior to and after each shock g-loading. The shape of the tuning fork gyroscope (TFG) test articles was measured using a phase shifting Michelson interferometer with compensation for package cover glass. Full field shape was determined and traces of pertinent structures were extracted for comparison. Failure of the die was observed in the form of fractures below the chip surface as well as fractures in the glass lid sealing the package. Potential causes of the failure are discussed as well as a recommendation for modified packaging techniques to mitigate future component failures.


In the last decade the Italian economy has underperformed compared both with the previous decades and with the main European countries. It is widely acknowledged that this evolution reflects unresolved structural problems, which have become more urgent in view of the major changes in the world economy (the new technological paradigm, globalization, European economic integration). The goal of the Report is to make a critical survey of all the empirical analyses on the Italian economy and to derive policy suggestions. The evolution of Italy's productive system is examined from a long-run perspective, highlighting weaknesses and possible signs of recovery and elaborating on the systemic features that may have negatively affected growth performance directly or indirectly through the above exogenous shocks. The focus, mostly but not exclusively microeconomic, emphasizes the considerable heterogeneity of firms, a crucial element for identifying the factors that affect economic growth.


The main objective of the company survives in the stringent competitive by maximizing the value of the company to shareholder wealth. Firm value is experiencing a downward trend is a problem that must be resolved. The banking company also undertakes a social responsibility that is perceived to have a positive impact on the company's image. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the firm size, institutional ownership, profitability, and leverage with corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure as a variable intervening.Populations are banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2012-2016. Sampling technique used is purposive sampling with 29 companies selected according to predetermined criteria. This research is done by using multiple linear regression analysis methods and path analysis also Sobel test to examine the effect of intervening. Test results with CSRD as the dependent variable indicate that institutional ownership and Leverage have no effect on CSRD While firm size and profitability (ROA) have a positive significant effect on CSRD. The result of testing with Firm Value (Tobins'Q) as the dependent variable indicates that Firm Size, Institutional Ownership, and Profitability (ROA) have no effect on Firm Value (Tobins'Q). Leverage (DAR) has a negative and significant influence on Firm  Value (Tobins'Q) while CSRD has a significant positive effect on Firm Value (Tobins'Q). CSRD does not mediate the effect of Institutional Ownership, Profitability (ROA) and Leverage (DAR) on Firm Value (Tobins'Q). CSRD mediates the effect of Firm Size on Firm Value (Tobins'Q).


Objectives: The purpose of this study is to learn more about general practititoners' knowledge, attitudes and social distance towards depression which is the most prevalent mental disorder seen in general practice. Method: The survey was conducted in 2002 using face-to-face interviews in offices of 300 general practitioners in Turkey. Data were derived from the questionnaire developed for the survey called "Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders". Results: Almost all of the practitioners believed that depression was treatable, and it could be completely cured according to 90% of the respondents. 80% of the practitioners considered "extreme sadness", near half of them "weak personality" and more than 90% "social handicaps" to be as the causes of depression. 66% believed that these patients would not improve unless social problems were solved. Attitudes of the subjects with relatives diagnosed depression, married, and older were more positive than the others with respect to social distance characteristics. Discussion: Although general practitoners with closer social distance held more positive attitudes towards depression than community people, the results suggest that incorrect knowledge and beliefs about etiology, nonmedical treatment methods and risk of dependency have a tendency to persist in this group. The results of this study underline the need for development of new education programmes aimed to decrease effects of stigmatization based upon information obtained more studies about attitudes and beliefs of physicians.


Semen collection evaluation and addition of preservatives to increase storage period of sperm are essential for successful artificial insemination. This study was conducted on 4rams (2 Ghezel Merinos and 2 Merinos Moghani) to evaluate the effect of two diluents in Khalatposhan research station. Average age of rams was 3 years. Rams were trained to serve the artificial insemination and semen samples were collected weekly. It was started from October 2011 to June 2012. After collection semen samples were mixed with diluents. They were stored in liquid nitrogen. After diluting and storage semen was assessed after 0, 1, 2 and 3 day for pH, viability and progressive motility. Frozen straws were thawed individually at 37 °C for 20 s in a water bath for evaluation. Effect of diluent and storage day on pH, viability and progressive motility of sperm were significant (P< 0.01). With the increasing storage day pH, viability and progressive motility of sperm decreased. The success of these diluent has been attributed the tris which may act as a buffer against changes in pH and tonicity. Fructose and citric acid are energy source. Egg- yolks protect the cell membrane during cooling. Glycerol protects the spermatozoa against membrane damage during freezing. This study showed that diluents containing of 7% glycerol and 20% egg-yolk had better sperm protection ability than extender containing 5% glycerol and 5% egg-yolk according to sperm motility, pH and sperm viability.


The project sets out the reflection about the body and its corporeity. It inquires the possibilities of the time trace and the record of doing, who prints itself on the mentioned body/matter. In this way, the project looks for exploring the constant flow between memory and forgetfulness. As the project main objective it is proposed to think about forgetfulness as emptiness; the last one understood, not as lack of something, if not as the void potency, that means, the emptiness as the possibility of everything. Talking from the drawing as language, as way of thinking and as a mean of expression, a warp is hand-knitted with the grey-hair of a different body but at the same time someone closely related to the artist, the grey-hair of her grandmother. Through an dynamic installation piece, the project tries to enhance the emptiness of a matter that time has consumed, to give it life but also allow it to deconstruct, to go back to the void and to be potency of something else.


In this paper we examine the Coase Theorem when property rights are initially ambiguous and costly to appropriate. We show the delineation of basic rights into the bargaining game may result in Pareto improvements. We identify the optimal configuration of basic rights for a benevolent regulator that experiences uncertainty over agents' possible gains from trade. We show rights should be applied to agents that have relatively large costs, as well as the conditions for the implementation of 'universal' rights. Under a veil of ignorance, where fully rational agents are uncertain about their future state, we show that basic rights are set identical to that of a benevolent regulator. About the presenter: Ian MacKenzie is a senior research fellow and lecturer at the Center of Economic Research, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich. He holds a PhD from the Scottish Graduate Program in Economics (SGPE) in environmental economics. His current research interests include strategic behaviour in cap-and-trade markets, microeconomic theory, public economics, public choice, regulatory economics, political economy of environmental regulation, and climate change policy.