A pigment dispersion composition for color filters which comprises a coloring agent, a resin, and an organic solvent that can dissolve the resin, characterized by containing, as the coloring agent, a modified pigment (D) that comprises a pigment (A), and a modified polyamine (B) and a polymer (P) which are present on the surface of the pigment (A); and color filters. The modified polyamine (B) is a product obtained by reacting a vinyl copolymer (B-1) with amino groups of a polyamine, said vinyl copolymer (B-1) having, at one terminal, a functional group that can react with an amino group and thereby form an amide linkage. The polymer (P) is a polymer prepared by polymerizing at least one polymerizable unsaturated monomer (C) that is soluble in a non-aqueous solvent and that forms a polymer insoluble or slightly soluble in a non-aqueous solvent. Thus, color filters which exhibit excellent dispersion stability and contrast can be produced using a general-purpose pigment.


Since the start of the War on Poverty in the 1960s, social scientists have developed and refined experimental and quasi-experimental methods for evaluating and understanding the ways in which public policies, programs, and interventions affect people's lives. The overarching mission of many social scientists is to understand "what works" in education and social policy. These are causal questions about whether an intervention, practice, program, or policy affects some outcome of interest. Although causal questions are not the only relevant questions in program evaluation, they are assumed by many in the fields of public health, economics, social policy, and now education to be the scientific foundation for evidence-based decision making. Fortunately, over the last half-century, two methodological advances have improved the rigor of social science approaches for making causal inferences. The first was acknowledging the primacy of research designs over statistical adjustment procedures. Donald Campbell and colleagues showed how research designs could be used to address many plausible threats to validity. The second methodological advancement was the use of potential outcomes to specify exact causal quantities of interest. This allowed researchers to think systematically about research design assumptions and to develop diagnostic measures for assessing when these assumptions are met. This article reviews important statistical methods for estimating the impact of interventions on outcomes in education settings, particularly programs that are implemented in field, rather than laboratory, settings. We begin by describing the causal inference challenge for evaluating program effects. Then four research designs are discussed that may be used for estimating program impacts. The article highlights what the Campbell tradition identifies as the strongest causal research designs: the randomized experiment and the regression-discontinuity designs. These approaches have the advantage of transparent assumptions for yielding causal effects. The article then discusses weaker but more commonly used approaches estimating effects, including the interrupted time series and the non-equivalent comparison group designs. For the interrupted time series design, differences-in-differences are discussed as a more generalized approach to time series methods; for non-equivalent comparison group designs, the article highlights propensity score matching as a method for creating statistically equivalent groups on the basis of observed covariates. For each research design, references are included that discuss the underlying theory and logic of the method, exemplars of the approach in field settings, and recent methodological extensions to the design. The article concludes with a discussion of practical considerations for evaluating interventions in field settings, including the external validity of estimated effects from impact studies.


It has been investigated and i propose an alternative to improve the water quality that is processed in the treatment plant San Rafael – Cutervo, through the appropriate desander to reduce the water turbidity in the rain period. The methodology used for the development of this project consisted in the collection of the information of the PTAP San Rafael.then, it was measured and analized data of the enter (turbidity, flow) and exit of the plant (pH, residual chlorine, conductibity, turbidity). I verifiedthat this kind of water can be treated, besides in the working of the plant exist critical points that should be control concluding that for a uniform supply of water in the city, it´s necessary the installation of a desander. The selected equipment is a desander of flow continuous, washed intermittent an d low speed, taking into account the flows,d density, of mud and diameter of particle,I proceeded to dimension the desander, getting a height of 1,9 m, a width of 0,33m, and a total length of 10,9m, hydraulically more efficient, more economic, and able to reduce the turbidity in a 80-90%, in this way enter to the following periods wihout affect its efficiency.


The invention relates to a system for comprehensive utilization of floater pretreatment and a cement kiln. The invention relates to the system for comprehensive utilization of floater pretreatment and the cement kiln, which comprises a crusher, a screening machine, a material drying bed, a blower fan, a feeding bucket, a first conveyer, a magnetic separator, a weigher and a second conveyer; an outlet of the crusher is connected with an inlet of the screening machine by a conveying apparatus, an outlet of the screening machine for a qualified product is connected with the inlet of the material drying bed; an inlet terminal of the blower fan is connected with an exhaust gas chimney of a kiln head or a kiln end of the cement kiln by pipelines, an output terminal of the blower fan is connected with a hot air inlet of material drying bed by pipelines; an outlet of the material drying bed is connected with an inlet of the feeding bucket, an outlet of the feeding bucket is connected with the weigher by the first conveyer, the magnetic separator is arranged on the first conveyer; the weigher is connected with an inlets of the decomposing furnace by the second conveyer, an outlet of the conveyer pipe is connected with an input of the decomposing furnace of the cement kiln. The system realizes safe, harmless, recycling, energy saving disposal and utilization of the floater.


The present article reports on an approximate replication of D. Foster's (1998) study on the negotiation of meaning. D. Foster investigated the interactional adjustments produced by L2 English learners working on different types of language learning tasks in a classroom setting. This replication study duplicates the methods of data collection and data analysis of the original study, but alters the conditions by exploring interactional modifications in the language production of English as a foreign language (EFL) students. It followed the three parameters set originally by D. Foster: speech production, comprehensible input, and modified output. It was thus carried out within the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). The participants' differences were seen as affecting the results of this replication where a corpus shows participants conducting significant amounts of meaning negotiation and producing modified output. This disparity in results is interpreted as deriving from a closer examination of interaction as suggested by Pica, Holliday, Lewis, and Morgenthaler.


This study aimed to evaluate the current physical education curriculum of elementary schools (first and second grades) in Iran. This is an applied study conducted using grounded theory and the research method is qualitative. The research population consisted of all professors in Iran in the field of physical education, of whom, 15 people were selected as the statistical sample using purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used as the research tool. The interview was conducted person to person and over a period of 40 to 60 minutes. Content validity was used to determine the validity of the interview. Collected data were classified and then, analyzed through the categorization method. This form contains general questions about the elements, physical education curriculum in Iran. Supervisors' constructive comments and few curriculum and physical education experts were also used and reliability of the interview was confirmed by three experts who reviewed a summary of the content and determined categories using the qualitative research methods. The results showed that the current physical education curriculum in schools is not favorable in terms of the objectives, content, and curriculum, teaching-learning strategies, and evaluation methods of knowledge, skills and attitudes and does not entirely satisfy the expectations of the physical education professionals. Experts suggested the use of studies and experiences of leading countries and the local, national, and regional capacities based on the international perspective on the current situation of physical education curriculum, needs assessment, flexibility and providing necessary infrastructure in schools.


The invention relates to an oil rig alternating-current transmission system supplied with power by a variable-frequency excited diesel generator set grid. A three-phase alternating-current excitation rotor is adopted as a generator rotor in the system and replaces a traditional permanent magnet rotor or a direct-current excitation rotor. By controlling the excitation frequency, current and phase of a generator, the generator is enabled to generate three-phase alternating-current power with needed frequency and voltage to drive a three-phase alternating-current motor to work. A traditional large-power converter is removed from the system, the transmission system is greatly simplified, the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, the fault rate and the maintenance cost of the system are also reduced, and the dependence on imported large-power converters is avoided. Besides, more than two diesel generator sets can form a local alternating-current power grid to jointly drive the alternating-current motor with power which is larger than the power of a single generator, so that an alternating-current transmission technique is enabled to be easier to popularize and apply in various large-power electrical transmission systems such as oil rigs which use diesel generator sets as power sources.


Chaperones are essential to maintain the proper folding of various proteins in vivo. The Escherichia coli chaperonin GroEL/GroES (GroE) is one of the best‐studied chaperones, and its in vivo substrates have been identified, mainly by mass spectrometry‐based proteomic studies. Here, we newly identified 20 in vivo obligate GroE substrates with the aid of data from an in vitro comprehensive analysis. The newly identified substrates have similar physicochemical properties to the known substrates, but their expression levels in vivo were significantly lower. Information from the in vitro comprehensive analysis has the potential to compensate for limitations of the MS‐based proteomic approaches.


In this study, we have investigated the interaction of cation-encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotubes M@SWNT(M = H+, Li+, Na+) with small polar molecules (HF, H2O, CH3OH, CH3SH). The calculations reveal that in the case of H2O and CH3OH their complexes with M@SWNT are more stable than those without internal encapsulated cation species. On the contrary, in the case of HF and CH3SH the complex stability decreases, but the interaction energies remain favorable with respect to dissociation of the solvents.


In this paper, a FC/Bat-based on-board DC microgrid is adopted. The FC provides the average power demand, and the battery provides the instantaneous increased power and absorbs the feedback power through virtual inductance and resistor droop control. Furthermore, the state of charge of the battery is take into consideration. The reference voltage of the battery unit Vref is adjusted by ΔV, which achieves the control of the charge and discharge current and maintains the stability of the battery SOC. Afterwards, analyze the large signal stability of the FC/Bat-based on-board DC microgrid based on the mixed potential theory. Then the large signal stability criterion is obtained. It is verified by simulation that the virtual resistance and inductance droop control can realize the power distribution and the large-signal stability criterion is correct.


Abstract : In the proposed project we are investigating the role of the electromagnetic nanoenvironment on fundamental photophysical processes in molecular and ionic optically active species. Both nanoshells and nanopatterned surfaces are being used to apply specific and controlled local field enhancements to chromophores of interest. These structures are designed and analyzed using finite-difference time domain and Mie scattering methods to ensure close correspondence between the predicted and actual fields at the nanostructure. By detuning the plasmon resonance at or near a molecular or ionic resonance, the effect of the local field on specific, selected energy transitions within a chromophore can be studied. Changes in spontaneous emission rates due to the modified photon density of states resulting from confined geometries are also to be addressed. Specifically, we will investigate changes in single and multiphoton absorption and fluorescence in the spectral and time domains in molecular and rare earth optically active species; modifications in triplet state lifetime in molecular species; and enhancements of one and two-photon absorption when the plasmon resonance is tuned to the single photon virtual level.


Abstract Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) affects 100,000 Americans and one out of every 365 Black births. With a focused genogram and phenomenology, the intergenerational transmission of caregiving behaviors experienced with SCD was evaluated. Six African American primary caregivers discussed their experiences when caring for a child with SCD. Themes emerged: daily primary caregiver tasks; primary caregiver challenges: cognitive coping strategies and emotional coping strategies, knowledge and family history of SCT/SCD; experiences with the health care system; societal perceptions of SCD; and initial reaction to the diagnosis of SCD. Clinical implications and future research recommendations are provided.


This study examines upward mobility among working-class law students. It posits that the experiences of these students can be understood from a perspective of stigma. A triangulated methodology consisting of interviews, participant observation, and questionnaires is used to examine the adjustment of these law students to an elite law school environment, where they experience a class stigma which creates identity problems. Like other individuals who experience stigma, these students learn to hide their class background in order to manage their identity. However, in their efforts to conceal their background they experience identity ambivalence. The accommodation strategies that students use to over come this ambivalence are explored.


Our July-August double issue will be a translation of this new work, already justly famous both here and abroad. Excerpts from this widely-discussed book appear below. —The EditorsThis article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Author has introduced the technical features for the operating system MARK VI of combustion gas turbine from aspects of Human Machine Interface,control function,protection system,starting-up permission and shutdown interlock etc.;has briefly described the reformation process and the correction method for control system from MARK IV to MARK VI;has presented the operating steps and requirement for starting the MARK VI system;has analyzed the problems to be solved after upgrading and reforming;has commented the operating effect after upgrading and reforming.Result indicates that the operation by computer is realized from CRT to HMI in the control system of combustion gas,the control level and the operation level are increased for the computer system in all directions.


By combining the Newton method with the method of harmonic balance(HB),we have established improved analytical approximations to the period and the corresponding periodic solution to the non-linear Jerk equations.This method is established by successively linearizing the rewritten governing equation and,subsequently,appropriately imposing the HB method in order to obtain linear algebraic equations.Therefore,the complexity of the HB method has been greatly simplified.The improved solutions are in excellent agreement with the numerically exact solution,and are valid for small and large allowable values of initial velocity amplitude.


Crisis development in some banking systems has been associated with large-scale aid programs, which has been heavily involved with the central bank's impact on the very rapid growth of their balance sheets. The banking system in the Czech Republic in the period 2005-2015 has not undergone any crisis. Significant changes in the balance of the Czech National Bank were associated with foreign exchange interventions against the Czech crown. High liquidity determines almost zero demand of banks for loans from the central bank. The Czech National Bank is in the "debtor" position in relation to banks. Central banks in the European Monetary Union and the United States are in the opposite position of the creditors. The dramatic growth in bank reserves had no significant inflationary pressures. The main reason is careful supply of bank loans. All this confirms that issuing money into the economy is associated especially with commercial banks' lending to non-bank subjects. Central bank issues money only to the banking system.


Introduced to analyze the result to carry on the tired and analytical and basic theories,way of thinking and method according to the limited dollar.Make use of the procedure of ANSYS to have no blemish and contain the main beam of horizontal crack derrick to carry on a number's imitate towards suppose.Be hand over to change in response to the biggest part in dint.Predicting the tired crack of main beam of derrick raises tired life span that the life span and cracks expand the stage.Get the tired life span of the main beam of the different crack depth also.


A novel kind of symmetrical backward-wave coupled-line coupler with arbitrary coupling level is proposed in this paper which is based on resonant-type composite right-/left-handed transmission lines (CRLH TLs). First, an equivalent circuit model and procedure for circuit parameters extraction are presented to reveal the inherent nature of the unit cell of the CRLH coupler. Then a CRLH TL composed of four cascaded unit cells is demonstrated to point out the way to achieve balanced condition. At last, even/odd modes analysis based on full-wave simulation is employed to explain the operating principle of the coupler. Both quasi 0-dB and 3-dB CRLH couplers are demonstrated experimentally. The quasi 0-dB backward coupling is achieved over the range from 1.69GHz to 2.19GHz (i3dB bandwidth in measurement), which represents the fractional bandwidth 25.8%. The maximum coupling coe-cient 0.52dB is obtained at 1.96GHz, where the directivity and isolation is 20.8dB and 21.3dB, respectively. The 3-dB couplers shows an amplitude balance of 2dB and quadrature phase balance of 90§5 degree over the fractional bandwidth of around 11.4%, from 1.99 to 2.23GHz.


Abstract (–)-Isopulegol undergoes Prins cyclization reaction in the presence of 20 wt% of acid-treated montmorillonite K10 to produce octahydro-2H-chromen-4-ols in good yields and with high cis selectivities under solvent-free conditions. The solid-acid catalyst can be reused without loss of its activity.


A 62-year-old woman presented to a local emergency department with horizontal diplopia that she fi rst noted upon awakening the previous day. She had experienced a mild headache the prior evening but was otherwise well and denied any constitutional symptoms, concurrent or recent illnesses, jaw claudication, or eye pain. She had a history of hypercholesterolemia. Physical examination revealed normal vital signs. The patient ' s visual acuity, intraocular pressures, and funduscopy were normal, and she had a mild abduction de fi cit of the left eye. Hematologic studies including complete blood count, metabolic panel, and sedimentation rate were normal. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with and without contrast were performed. Axial MRI with fl uid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) technique demonstrates nonspeci fi c hyperintense


absence of marine organisms, or any traces of them, over the country generally, in the " Upper Boulder-clay," said to have been the product of this "post-submergence glaciation," when the ice must have passed over hundreds of square miles of former sea-bottom. These and similiar difficulties led to the consideration of the hypothesis that the shells, or masses of shelly clay, may have been transported inland from a former sea-bed by the ice, as in many instances which had been proved and were well known. The ice|" blocked condition of the North Sea, during the Glacial period, had ji been demonstrated by Messrs Peach and Home and the late Dr. I Croll, in their admirable papers on the "shelly ti l l" of Caithness. j, This, combined with the pressure of ice from the adjacent mounjj tainous region of Inverness and Ross-shires, forced the great ice|; stream issuing from Loch Ness to turn eastwards, and to some extent :: upwards, along the base of the hills to the south of Inverness, in the I! direction of Torres and Elgin. The stria? and the distribution of I boulders over the district abundantly proved this; and it was also js • clear that the ice must have passed over part of the former sea-bed in its progress. Other evidences from that part of the country of the transport inland of materials from the sea-bottom (as fragments of chalk, the limestone near Elgin, etc.) were alluded to; and the author held that, on the whole, till clear proof be obtained, doubts •were justified as to this shelly-clay at Clava being really in place. In the concluding part of his paper the author referred to the " red clay," with a few fragments of shells, described by Mr. Jamieson, of Ellon, as occurring in hollows and patches along the north-east of Aberdeenshire up to about 300 feet. For reasons similar and additional to those already stated, he thought this clay could not be accepted as a satisfactory proof of submergence. It could be accounted for by the agencies which Mr. Jamieson had indicated, •without submergence; and indeed, its characteristics seemed to be, in several respects, opposed to that theory.


Launching a precision optical instrument, such as a laser, into space presents a challenge due to the harsh structural and acoustic coupled loads that result from the launch vehicle engines. Special precautions must be implemented to protect the payload and attenuate the high frequency random vibration environment while still maintaining accurate alignment and beam pointing. Fibertek has designed, analyzed, and tested novel Ti6Al4V flexures for isolating a space laser from a high g-load random vibration launch environment. Detailed finite element analysis was done to verify structural integrity of flight hardware by assessing the applied loads, load paths, and critical failure modes. Experimental data validated the modeling and the overall conclusions.


To assess the role of temporal bone characteristics in transcranial Doppler (TCD) insonation failures in Amerindians living in rural Ecuador.


Anthopometrical examination of 150 men of mature age (22-60 years), having osteochondrosis of lumbar spine in the medical history was observed. Assortment is carried out by V. V. Bunak's technique with modifications of Chtetsov et al. Overall dimensions of men length and mass of a body, and also fatty, muscular and bone components were defined. It is revealed that the men of the mature age who have arrived on treatment in neurologic clinics of the city of Krasnoyarsk, were presented in the greatest percent of cases as muscular somatotype, had the greatest sizes of overall dimensions and component structure of a body.


Background: Community data collections are periodic activity for public health student in Indonesia. It always uses paper-based questionnaires which have limitations not only during the interview process (incorrect of filling out the questionnaire) but also during data processing and archiving (validity of information). By taking advantage of the massive growth of cell phone and android platform, the transformation of the paper-based questionnaire into android based questionnaire was done in this study. Methods: The study design consisted of three components, the development of the model, the development of the product, and the testing of the product. Android-based questionnaire as the product was tested three times. Data collection for the usability test of the product used questionnaire consisted of 16 questions represented 4 aspects (usefulness; ease of use; ease of learning; satisfaction). The response to each question used the Likert scale. Results: The most effective change in the android based questionnaire was the addition of variables to facilitate filtering the list of the questionnaire for individuals according to self-characteristics. Although the use of android based questionnaire was new for the students, it was useful, the average score of usefulness aspect was 3.17. Conclusion: Android-based questionnaire was more effective and efficient as media for data collection than paper-based questionnaire in community-based learning. A guideline of the android based questionnaire used was needed to support and to maximize the performance of it.


Distribution network supplied by single-ended power limits bus voltage control.With load increasing in distribution network,its bus voltage falls.According to the relation between load distribution and power flow feasible boundary,a new method based on power transmission for configuration of radial distribution system(RDS) is proposed.When the sending end voltage is kept constant and power load is increasing,index of load scale factor quantifies the margin to maximum loadability for any transmission line.Optimal reconfiguration involves selection of the best set of branches to be opened to reduction voltage deviation and loss,such that resulting of configuration of RDS by quick branch-exchange has the desired performance.A33-bus RDS is reconfigured by presented method and the results are effective and valid.


In the last three years, the possibility of light generation and/or amplification in silicon, based on Raman emission, has achieved significant results. However, limitations inherent to the physics of silicon have been pointed out, too. In this letter, an approach based on Raman scattering in porous silicon is investigated. Two significant advantages with respect to silicon are proved: the broadening of spontaneous Raman emission and the tuning of the Stokes shift. Finally, we discuss about the prospect of Raman amplifier in porous silicon.


The nonlinear dielectric response of glass formers is shown to contain detailed information on the cooperativity of the flow process. The number of atoms in a cooperatively rearranging region is found to depend on the individual relaxation time, strongly increasing as one approaches the terminal relaxation time from the fast side.


The removal of acid gases, CO2 and H2 S from natural gas streams is essential for environmental and health reasons. In this work, the simulated gas sweetening unit with Methyl-DiEthanolAmine (MDEA) solvent was studied to improve quality. Firstly, the effect of trays types and then, the effect of various packing and the effect of the packing size were considered on the flow rate of CO2 and H2 S in the main streams. Results show that with considering the different trays types in the regenerator tower, the flow rate of CO2 in the sweet gas stream with bubble cap tray is lower than other trays types. Also, with considering the different trays types in the absorber tower, the flow rate of CO2 in the sweet gas stream with bubble cap tray is lower than other trays types in the absorber tower. In considering with different types of packing, results show that the flow rate of CO2 with ballast ring packing and the flow rate of H2 S with Raschig ring packing are lower than other types of packing. However, in some types such as cascade miniring, Intalox Saddles and pall ring, there is no difference for the flow rate of CO2 or H2 S. In all cases, with increasing the size of the packing, the flow rate of CO2 and H2 S in the sweet gas stream increases, however, this increasing in the metal packing is very small.


Internet banking enables customers to do basic banking functions through online. It helps the customer to save time and effort. Introduction of technology brought a new face for banking industry that gives everything by a click. Risk plays crucial role in the development of banking system in our country. It is evident from the past studies; there are different kinds of risk associated with interne banking. This study examines the various types of internet banking risks and the risk management methods employed in mitigating these risks. This study will explain more on various aspects of internet banking risks such as strategic risk, transaction ri compliance risk, reputation risk, information security risk, credit risk, interest rate risk and liquidity risk, with the risk management methods. These risks should be recognized, attended to and controlled by banking establishments in a careful appro according to the basic attributes and challenges of internet banking services.


Since the pioneering work of Akerlof (1970), economists have been aware of the adverse selection problem that asymmetric information can create in durable goods markets. The success of eBay Motors, an online auction market for used cars, thus poses something of a puzzle. I argue that the key to resolving this puzzle is the auction webpage, which allows sellers to reduce information asymmetries by revealing credible signals about car quality in the form of text, photos and graphics. To validate my claim, I develop a new model of a common value eBay auction with costly seller revelation and test its implications using a unique panel dataset of car auctions from eBay Motors. Precise testing requires a structural estimation approach, so I develop a new pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator for this model, accounting for the endogeneity of information with a semiparametric control function. I find that bidders adjust their valuations in response to seller revelations, as the theory predicts. To quantify how important these revelations are in reducing information asymmetries, I simulate a counterfactual in which sellers cannot post information to the auction webpage and show that in this case a significant gap between vehicle value and expected price can arise. Since this gap is dramatically narrowed by seller revelations, I conclude that information asymmetry and adverse selection on eBay Motors are endogenously reduced by information transmitted through the auction webpage. ∗I would like to thank the members of my thesis committee, Jim Levinsohn, Scott Page, Lones Smith and especially Pat Bajari for their helpful comments. I have also benefited from discussions with Jim Adams, Tilman Börgers, Han Hong, Kai-Uwe Kühn, Serena Ng, Nicola Persico, Dan Silverman, Jagadeesh Sivadasan, Doug Smith, Charles Taragin and seminar participants at the Universities of Michigan and Minnesota. All remaining errors are my own. †Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Objective: To study the pharmacological effects of Zengxuean capsule (Radix Astragali, Indigo Naturalis, Cordyceps, etc) on anti inflammation.Methods:A few conventional models, such as the mouse pinna swelling induced by croton oil, were employed to determine the anti inflammatory activities of Zengxuean capsule.Results: Zengxuean capsule obviously inhibited the swelling of mouse pinna induced by croton oil, suppressed the edema of rat hind paw elicited by injection of 1% carrageenan, significantly depressed the increase of peritoneal capillary permeability in the xylene induced mice, and greatly decreased proliferation of granuloma led by implanting cotton pellet. It had an abatement effect of algesia induced by heat with tail flick method, and could not inhibit the swelling of pinna led by croton oil when mouse's adrenal was resected.Conclusion: Zengxuean capsule is an effective medicine on anti inflammation, and its acitivity is realized by adrenal cortical system.


We examine the evolution of a universe comprising two fluids which interact via a term proportional to the product of their densities. In the case of two matter fluids, it is shown that the ratio of the densities tends to a constant after an initial cooling-off period. We then obtain a complete solution for the cosmological constant (w=-1) scenario and show that periodic solutions can occur if w<-1. We further demonstrate that the ratio of the dark matter and dark energy densities is confined to a bounded interval and that this ratio can be O(1) at infinitely many times in the history of the universe, thus solving the coincidence problem. Finally, we show that, for a certain choice of parameters, the model is a viable fit to observational constraints, and we give a detailed discussion of the past and future evolution of the universe in this particular case.


X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a progressive neurologic disorder of white matter that has a wide range of clinical phenotypes. In the childhood cerebral form, patients usually present with behavioral or cognitive changes in the first decade, develop progressive visual loss, spastic quadriparesis, dementia, and seizures, and deteriorate to a vegetative state or death within a few years.1 This case report describes a patient who developed transient hydrocephalus as the presenting sign of adrenoleukodystrophy but was otherwise asymptomatic, despite extensive white matter lesions on MRI.

A previously healthy 6-year-old boy presented to an emergency room with a 1-day history of progressive headache, mental status changes, and fever. CT of the head revealed dilated lateral but normal third and fourth ventricles (figure, A) and bilateral hypodensities of the temporal lobes and parietal subcortical white matter. The patient was referred to St. Louis Children's Hospital initially for neurosurgical evaluation. Neurologic examination was notable only for an abnormal mental status, characterized by …


To examine the role of the host galaxy structure in fueling nuclear activity, we estimated gas flow rates from several kpc down to the inner few 10 pc for seven nearby spiral galaxies, selected from the NUclei of GAlaxies sample. We calculated gravitational torques from near-infrared images and determined gas in/out-flow rates as a function of radius and location within the galactic disks, based on high angular resolution interferometric observations of molecular (CO using Plateau de Bure interferometer) and atomic (H i using the Very Large Array) gas. The results are compared with kinematic evidence for radial gas flows and the dynamical state of the galaxies (via resonances) derived from several different methods. We show that gravitational torques are very efficient at transporting gas from the outer disk all the way into the galaxies centers at ∼100 pc; previously assumed dynamical barriers to gas transport, such as the corotation resonance of stellar bars, seem to be overcome by gravitational torque induced gas flows from other nonaxisymmetric structures. The resulting rates of gas mass inflow range from 0.01 to 50 M☉ yr−1 and are larger for the galaxy center than for the outer disk. Our gas flow maps show the action of nested bars within larger bars for three galaxies. Noncircular streaming motions found in the kinematic maps are larger in the center than in the outer disk and appear to correlate only loosely with the in/out-flow rates as a function of radius. We demonstrate that spiral gas disks are very dynamic systems that undergo strong radial evolution on timescales of a few rotation periods (e.g., 5 × 108 yrs at a radius of 5 kpc), due to the effectiveness of gravitational torques in redistributing the cold galactic gas.


This research aimed at describing the metaphors used by the Mohede in the eight songs he wrote. As a qualitative research, this study rellied the data upon the lyrics of the chosen songs. The analysis applies theory of Lakoff and Johnson which divided metaphors into three types namely structural metaphor, orientational metaphor, and ontological metaphor. The analysis followed the steps of Bogdan and Biklen as follows identification, categorization, explanation, and interpretations of the findings. The result showed that the songs confirmed the existence the types of the metaphors such as structural metaphor, orientational metaphor and ontological metaphor. These findings implies a pivotal contribution of figurative speech particularly metaphor in communicating the meaning of a song. Thus, this study foreshadows a further research for comprehending the relationship of metaphor to song lyrics for both linguistic and literary context. Keywords: mathematical ability; students; Problem-Based Learning.


Garlic chives - Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Sprang is widely distributed from South East Asia to the Middle East. They are grown for their garlic flavored leaves and are used for culinary purposes. The plants ar e apomictic, which makes creation of variations and development of new varieties very difficult. T he results of previous research show recalcitrant regeneration behaviour in in vitro micropropagation cultures. The study was designed to develop efficient regeneration protocols that could help in easy genetic transformation and mutation studies on MS med ium containing various concentrations of TDZ-NAA, TDZ-2, 4-D and BAP-IBA using juvenile mesocotyl axis explant obtained from of one week old in vitro grown seedlings. The concentrations and combinations of different plant growth regulators in MS medium had significantly different and variable effects on bulblet regeneration. Maximum number of 7.20 shoots per explant was recorded on MS medium containing 1 mg/l BAP-2 mg/l IBA. The shoots regenerated on any regeneration medium were not difficult to root on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l IBA. These rooted plants were easily acclimatized in the growth chamber. This study clearly shows that mesocotyl axis explants of garlic chives can be successfully cultured on BAP-IBA containing medium to regenerate axillary bulblets. To conclude, this protocol provides a successful and reliable propagation technique to regenerate garlic chive coleoptile axis excised from of one week old in vitro regenerated seedlings for the first time. This would help in advanced genetic transfo rmation and mutation studies of the plant in future.


The effect of ferrocyanide ions on moisture/ion transport and salt crystallization processes in salinated porous materials under different environmental conditions has been studied. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique has been used for carrying out nondestructive, quantitative, and simultaneous measurements of both the hydrogen and sodium ion content. For salt saturated bricks without inhibitor, the slowest drying rate was observed at low relative humidity (0%). This is due to the blockage of pores near the drying surface that reduces the effective surface area available for evaporation. At high humidity (55% and 70%), due to low evaporative flux at the surface, the drying front is located on the surface of the material. Because of this, salt crystallizes as efflorescence, and blockage effects were less significant and consequently the drying rate was higher. With the addition of inhibitor at low relative humidity, due to distinct crystal morphology, salt crystallizes as efflorescence, and the sa...


An experimental study was conducted to asses the effect of rotation speed on hydraulic performance of rotating micro-sprinklers.The results indicate that the damping grease can notably decrease the rotation speed,under 100~250 kPa pressure,the micro-sprinkler rotation speed decreases from 2230~4225 r/min without damping grease to 0.1~1.1 r/min with all the damping grease;comparing with high rotating speed,the throw distance of 1.8 mm nozzle microsprinkler in low rotation speed increases by(20.5%)~31.8% under 100~250 kPa pressure,while during the low rotation speed zone,the throw distance change vary little,At 200 kPa pressure,when the rotation speed of 1.8 mm nozzle micro-sprinklers increases from 0.41 r/min to 6.1 r/min,the throw distance decreases only by 4.4%;The distribution rate curve of slow-rotating micro-sprinklers is more like triangle than that of high rotating ones.


Providing autonomous systems with an effective quantity and quality of information from a desired task is challenging. In particular, autonomous vehicles, must have a reliable vision of their workspace to robustly accomplish driving functions. Speaking of machine vision, deep learning techniques, and specifically convolutional neural networks, have been proven to be the state of the art technology in the field. As these networks typically involve millions of parameters and elements, designing an optimal architecture for deep learning structures is a difficult task which is globally under investigation by researchers. This study experimentally evaluates the impact of three major architectural properties of convolutional networks, including the number of layers, filters, and filter size on their performance. In this study, several models with different properties are developed, equally trained, and then applied to an autonomous car in a realistic simulation environment. A new ensemble approach is also proposed to calculate and update weights for the models regarding their mean squared error values. Based on design properties, performance results are reported and compared for further investigations. Surprisingly, the number of filters itself does not largely affect the performance efficiency. As a result, proper allocation of filters with different kernel sizes through the layers introduces a considerable improvement in the performance. Achievements of this study will provide the researchers with a clear clue and direction in designing optimal network architectures for deep learning purposes.


the modern education system, closely interacting with all areas and sectors of the economy, dynamically responds to any changes and takes us to a new stage of development - the stage of universal digitalization. The change in Federal State Educational Standards, a new concept for the development and implementation of educational programs, taking into account the requirements of professional standards and the requests of employers, determine the need for training specialists with complex competencies. These problems can be solved with the help of the digital transformation of higher education. This article is devoted to the digital transformation of higher education. It considers the concepts of "informatization", "digitalization", "digital transformation of education". The main directions of digital transformation of higher education are analyzed. It is necessary to update the educational process in accordance with the new requirements and norms, specifications, quality indicators and improve the ICT competence of university teachers. Digitalization is not only the conversion of existing data and applied processes into digital form and the creation of electronic copies of textbooks, but also the use of digital technologies, electronic resources, digital educational platforms, virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, etc. All this changes thinking, forms and methods of work, allows you to actively introduce digital technologies into the educational process, which are not just a new information tool for solving problems, but a new environment and ways of thinking. To be competitive in the information society, it is necessary to be able to create and apply information using digital technologies.


Background: A child will come into toddler phase which is the rapid growth and development phase. It turns children into one of the groups that vulnerable to suffer from undernutrition. The data of Riskesdas (Basic Health Research) in 2018 indicates that the percentage of malnutrition and undernutrition  in Indonesia is 17.7%, in which the number is still higher than the target of National Medium Term Development Plan 2019 which is 17%. The study aimed to analyzes factors that affect nutritional status of children aged 6 – 59 months in Surabaya, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at 25 integrated health posts (posyandu) in Surabaya, East Java, from August to September 2019. A sample of 200 children aged 6 – 59 months was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was nutritional status (weight for age). The independent variables were history of exclusive breastfeeding, history of low birth weigth (LBW), maternal educational level, maternal knowledge, maternal occupation, family income, and environmental hygiene and sanitation. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Poor nutritional status increased with the history of LBW (b= 5.29; 95% CI= 1.87 to 6.72; p= 0.003) and poor environmental hygiene and sanitation (b= 3.35; 95% CI= 0.77 to 5.94; p= 0.011). Poor nutritional status decreased with maternal educational status ≥Senior high school (b= -2.81; 95% CI= -5.24 to -0.38; p= 0.023), high maternal knowledge (b= -2.68; 95% CI= -5.01 to -0.35; p= 0.024), and high family income (b= -3.37; 95% CI= -6.04 to -0.71; p= 0.013). Conclusion : Poor nutritional status increases with the history of LBW and poor environmental hygiene and sanitation. Poor nutritional status decreases with maternal educational status ≥Senior high school, high maternal knowledge, and high family income. Keywords: nutritional status, birth weight, sanitation, children under five Correspondence:  Triana Ulfa Nur Aziza. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir.Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Mobile: +6281358396565 Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 5(1): 79-87 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.01.09


A fresh-cut vegetable fresh-keeping packaging bag is made of a PE/PP (polyethylene/polypropylene) or OPP (oriented polypropylene) film. Multiple unidirectional bubbles protruding outwards are distributed on one side of the packaging bag, the PE/PP or OPP film is 0.5mm in thickness, and the unidirectional bubbles are 0.01mm in thickness, 2-6mm in diameter and 3-6mm in spacing. A fresh-cut vegetable fresh-keeping process adopting the packaging bag includes: 1, selecting the fresh-keeping bag, putting treated fresh-cut vegetables in the fresh-keeping bag to 4/5 of the volume, and then sealing the bag; 2, when placing the packaged fresh-cut vegetable packaging bag in a breathable fresh-keeping transfer box, enabling the side with the bubbles to be perpendicular to the ground so as to prevent the bubbles from being crushed; 3, placing the fresh-keeping transfer box at cold chain temperature (3-5 DEG C) for storage and transportation. By the packaging bag, the packaged fresh-cut vegetables can have good breathable and moisture permeable effect and are also convenient to apply since the unidirectional bubbles have good permeability of gases such O2 and CO2 and water permeability, excessive moisture condensation can exist in the unidirectional bubbles in priority, water drops are avoided, and the fresh-cut vegetables are less prone to breeding pathogenic bacteria and going bad.


Purpose: Research continuously reports a close connection between Physical Activity (PA) and its effect on pupils' Executive Functions (EF). Thus, the purpose of the present study was to expand previous knowledge and examine the acute effects on the EF – working memory and inhibition – in two primary level class cohorts (4th class: n = 20 students, mean age 9.95 ± .39 years; 6th class: n = 23 students, mean age 12.00 ± .30 years; 22 boys, 21 girls) of a school-based PA policy in a four-week design intervention programme. Methods: The PA policy included Physical Education (PE), Structured Play (SP) and Unstructured Play (UP). Testing of EF was carried out with a Working Memory Test and an Animal Stroop Test, before and after each session of each PA policy component. To determine whether each component of the PA intervention had an effect on working memory and inhibition, two separate repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance, controlling for gender and class as between-subject factors. Results: Results showed that the PE intervention improved more students' working memory (3.49% increase), comparing to SP (p = .002, η = .057) and UP (p < .001, η = .077) interventions. Furthermore, the PE intervention improved more students' inhibition (3.57% increase), comparing to SP (p = .001, η = .074) and UP (p < .001, η = .105) interventions. No gender and class differences were observed. Discussion: While whole school PA policies need to focus on all PA components and provide schoolbased opportunities to meet PA recommendations to benefit health in general, PE appears to be more beneficial for improving most students' EF. Based on this finding, it is suggested that structured PE to be prioritised when developing PA policy in schools. Potential causes on the differences direct the conclusion towards school-based PA policy recommendations.


On the ground of M. Romer's work "Suvereignty" there is presented in the article the representative democratic conception and "stretched nation" as sovereignty's idea. The parlamentary democratic constitutional construction is analysed too. There is stated in the article that parlamentary democracy by realysing "stretched nation's" interests structure puts into three autonomic state powers: President's institution power, Parlament and parlamentary Government institutions power and courts institution's power.


The present invention discloses a display panel drive system, the drive system has a code for recognition component and a number of source drivers. Driving capability information required for the code recognition component to provide a display panel. The source of the driving capability of the drive assembly drives the display panel information.


A method for routing sessions includes identifying information associated with call sessions in an enterprise network. The information includes costs to an enterprise for using carrier services during the call sessions. Routing patterns for call sessions are dynamically updated through at least a portion of the enterprise network based, at least in part, on the costs associated with the call sessions. Aspects of the invention include updating the routing patterns comprises ranking the phone numbers participating in the VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) call sessions in accordance with costs for using carrier services and automatically updating the enterprise network to route call sessions with the one or more ranked phone numbers in accordance with the updated routing patterns. Dynamically updating call routing tables in an enterprise network eliminates, minimizes or otherwise reduces use of services provided by carriers (e.g. international calls, long distance calls).


The three-dimensional Ising model continues to be a subject of investigations, in particular its critical behaviour. Whereas the most accurate results traditionally came from series expansions (see e.g. Refs. [1, 2] and references therein) and from the e-expansion [3], the error margins quoted in Monte Carlo based approaches are shrinking considerably [4-6]. Due to the availability of fast computers, and the invention of ingenious cluster algorithms by Swendsen and Wang [7] and Wolff [8], such a statistical accuracy is now becoming available that the results are comparable with series and ε-expansions. However, the numerical results of such simulations are not always in satisfactory agreement with one another. For instance, the critical points of the simple cubic Ising model as found by Baillie et al. [6] (Kc = 0.221652 (3)) and by Livet [5] (K, = 0.2216544 (10)) are not inside the error margins of a recent result by Ferrenberg and Landau [4] (K, = 0.2216595 (26)). Furthermore, the critical exponent v obtained by Baillie et al. does not agree satisfactorily with others. Although these differences are not large, they invite the consideration of possible sources of systematic errors. In our own analysis, we made efforts to avoid, where possible, the following ones: 1. Effects due to a poor random generator; 2. Effects introduced by histogramming methods; 3. The use of a single row of pseudo-random numbers for a number of parallel simulations;


Laboratory diagnosis of shigellosis using conventional culture technique is limited by lower sensitivity and higher turnaround time. Here, we have evaluated the role of polymerase chain reaction from stool samples after enrichment in Escherichia coli medium for detection of Shigellae. The technique not only increased the sensitivity but also decreased the turnaround time.


Special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a cell type‐specific matrix attachment region binding protein, functioning as a global genome organizer. This study aims to investigate the expression pattern and the prognostic value of SATB1 in colorectal cancer.


Abstract The memory based stress-strain model developed earlier by Hossain et al. (2007) has been solved numerically in this study. The derived mathematical model introduces the effects of temperature, surface tension, and pressure variations and the influence of fluid memory on the stress-strain relationship. The variation of shear stress as a function of strain rate is obtained for fluid in a sample oil reservoir to identify the effects of fluid memory. The stress-strain formulation related with the memory is taken into account, and we obtain the variation of it with time and distance for different values of α. The dependency of the stress-strain relation on fluid memory is considered to identify its influence on time. As pressure is also a function of space, the memory effects on stress and strain are shown in space with the pressure gradient change. The computation indicates that the effect of memory causes nonlinearity, leading to chaotic behavior of the stress-strain relationship. This model can be used in reservoir simulation and rheological study, well test analysis, and surfactant and foam selection for enhanced oil recovery.


We observe apparently isolated OB stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) to probe the sparsest clusters containing high-mass stars. With the ACS camera aboard the Hubble Space Telescope, we obtained F555W and F814W imaging of eight SMC field OB stars, to spatially resolve the stellar population in their immediate vicinities. We find evidence of small scale clustering around four of our targets, which in each case amount to ≤ 10 companion stars in the range 1−4M⊙. Given the importance of stochastic processes in small clusters, we use two separate Monte Carlo models to simulate the cluster populations to which these objects belong. In the first model, we generate a parent cluster population based on a stellar clustering law with the form n(N∗) dN∗ ∝ N −β ∗ dN∗, where N∗ is the number of stars per cluster, and n(N∗) is the number of clusters in the range N∗ to N∗ + dN∗. We adopt a Kroupa (2001, MNRAS, 322, 231) IMF to randomly draw the stellar masses. The second model is the same, but drawing the stars according to a cluster mass function, n(Mcl) dMcl ∝ M −β cl dMcl, where Mcl is the mass of the cluster. We find the best agreement with statistics of SMC and Galactic massive field stars for the cluster simulations having a power-law index β = 2. For the simulations based on the N ∗ clustering law, it is also necessary to apply a lower cutoff around N∗,min ∼ 40. Our findings are consistent with clusters comprising a random sampling from a universal IMF. In particular, our observations exist in a region of cluster parameter space disallowed by a fixed relation between cluster mass and maximum stellar mass. Since such a relation is predicted by competetive accretion models, our results are in better agreement with the core collapse star formation models. Our findings also have implications for the form of the integrated galaxial initial mass function (IGIMF).


As an immigrant, learning English is part of acculturating to the new culture. From this process, a new identity emerges in the context of the new language and culture. Currently, identity issues and intercultural competence are explicit objectives in language learning. The implications of neglecting identity formation in second language acquisition include vulnerability to culture shock, mental health issues, and the inability to thrive. The unique set of needs, motivations, and strengths of immigrant English language learners should inform language instruction design in order to achieve sustainable and equitable successful language learning and acculturation. Explicitly designing instruction that incorporates issues of identity into the curriculum effectively considers the students' communicative goals and intercultural competence, and better prepares students to face the challenges of acculturative stress. The purpose of the field project is to provide instructors with supplemental online lessons that address issues of identity, to complement and enrich the classroom content and expand practices towards more learner-centered practices to provide more engaging and meaningful learning. The field project is composed of a series of supplemental lessons for an intermediate reading and writing level credit course at the community college level. Each lesson includes selfdirected activities for the students to complete independently online. Also, each lesson is accompanied by a teacher guide to frame and integrate the lesson with the classroom practice, methods of assessment, and a reflection prompt to encourage the teacher's reflective practice. As the needs of students change over time and in response to immigration and economic trends, the field of TESOL is evolving towards a more inclusive environment of the diverse background and experiences of the student and teacher population. Language learning has


The active voice and passive voice-bu in Sibo written language evolved into-v in oral language.-v is the result of-bu's consonant turning muddy into sonant in Sibo language and round-lip vowels' turning flat.


We report the first room-temperature direct C-2 arylation of indoles with iodoarenes by using a highly electrophilic palladium catalyst generated in situ from Pd(OAc)2 and a silver carboxylate. These mild conditions permit a broad set of functionalities both in the indole and in the aryl iodide units such as free alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, bromides, or nitriles, thus allowing the synthesis of a variety of novel compounds in excellent yields.


6- all for the purpose of increasing longevity. Unfortunately, a major disadvantage of these strings was and still continues to be corrosion. In an attempt to "keep the music alive with surface chemistry," the present study was undertaken for the purpose of improving the corrosion resistance of phosphor bronze wound musical instrument strings. Two polymeric film-forming materials were evaluated for this purpose: benzotriazole (BTA), and N-2-aminoethyl-3aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AAPS). Experimental Materials and Procedures for Corrosion Testing. The musical instrument strings for this study included three types of commercially available constructions that were designed for acoustic guitar: phosphor bronze wound titanium-core strings from a set of Rohrbacher Low-Tension Titanium Acoustic Guitar Strings TM (available from Rohrbacher Technologies, Bordentown, NJ); and two types of phosphor bronze wound steel-core strings - one from a set of John Pearse TM


The non-covalent interactions have an extensive impact on the physical, chemical and biological activity of materials. A new anilinium derivative, 4-bromoanilinium perchlorate (4BAP), has been synthesized, and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The quantum chemical calculation tools are implemented to explore the electronic and structural properties of 4BAP. The lattice parameters of the crystal structure are a = 5.0752 (8), b = 7.0540 (11), c = 13.5360 (2) Å, α = 91.073 (5)°, β = 90.991 (5)° and γ = 105.052 (5)°, with 2 molecules per unit cell (Z = 2). In the crystal structure of 4BAP, N-H⋯O hydrogen bond interactions dominate. Along the b-axis, the molecules strongly interact through N1-H3⋯O4 hydrogen bonds, and the hydrogen bonding links the molecules into extended chains running along the b-axis. The more delocalized electrons around the aromatic ring may influence the nonlinear activity of the materials. NBO results suggested more electron delocalization around the aromatic ring, which suggests that the title molecule could be used for nonlinear optical applications. The feasible reactivity tendency was determined from the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis. The H...H interactions account for 9.8% of the surface area, and the crystal structure can accommodate a higher fraction of hydrogen atoms. The calculated values of dipole moment, polarizability and first-order hyperpolarizability are 13.5028 D, 20.504 × 10−24 esu and 2.1218 × 10−30 esu, respectively.


Managing wine pH is important for nearly all aspects of winemaking, including protection against microbial spoilage, colour stability, tartrate precipitation and wine aroma and flavour. Recent research at the AWRI has investigated the effects of wine pH and the interaction between wine pH and copper on the formation of 'reductive' aromas post-bottling in Chardonnay and Shiraz wines. Elevated residual copper concentrations were associated with increased hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methanethiol (MeSH), and carbon disulfide (CS2) concentrations; however, when the pH was lowered to 3.0, significantly less H2S and MeSH were produced. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was not affected by copper additions; however, at lower pH up to 27% less DMS was produced in Shiraz wines after six months of storage.


The present invention provides an image forming apparatus and a toner usage calculation method. The image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes a reference image generating unit, which is less than the target image data into the reference image of the object; and a toner usage calculation unit, based on the reference image which is obtained in the the amount of said toner image printing object used. Image forming apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to quickly and accurately obtain the toner usage when printing a small amount of image data of the object based on the reference image.


Research Status and Trends of Micro-WEDM are introducedand analyzed systemically. It is helpful to improvement of its development and application.


The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing a commercially available probiotic (an Active Elements®; AE) containing Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an antibiotic; Chlortetracycline (CTC), and the probiotic plus antibiotic, via the drinking water on broiler production performance, mortality rate and the antibiotic residue in meat. Four hundred one-day-old male Cobb broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments; a non-treated control, a 0.05% CTC, a 1:500 AE, and a combination of CTC and AE. Chicks were fed with a commercial broiler diet ad libitum. They were reared under an environmentally controlled house for 6 weeks. The data revealed that supplementation with probiotic (group 3-4) resulted in significantly higher accumulated body weight gain during the first two weeks. The final body weight, final body weight gain, feed intake and FCR were not significantly different among treatments. The mortality rate was highest in the combination group, followed by control and the AE-treated group. The antibiotic residues in the breast tissue sampling at the 6th week of age were less than 50 μg/kg tissue. The gross and histological examinations revealed no obvious pathological lesions in any treatment. In conclusion, this study indicated that administration of this probiotic to broiler chickens early in life had beneficial effects on weight gain. The FCR and antibiotic residues of the probiotic-supplemented birds were similar to antibiotic-supplemented birds. The percentage mortality was less than the non-treated group. Therefore, this probiotic may be used as an alternative to replace the adverse effect of antibiotic.


&5252gE5225ZHIS review will be divided into four parts. In the first U J|part we will enumerate and classify the iron compounds of the body. In the second part we will describe the properties of some of these iron compounds. In the third part, the properties and the hypotheses concerned with the regulation of iron absorption by the gastro-intestinal mucosa will be discussed, and in the last part we will consider certain of the aspects of iron metabolism as they might be related to hemochromatosis.


In contemplating a regulatory approach, the challenge for regulators is to develop a model that provides incentives for utilities to engage in socially desirable behavior. In this primer, we provide guidance on this process by discussing (1) various models of economic regulation, (2) problems implementing these models, and (3) the types of incentives that various models of regulation provide electric utilities. We address five regulatory models in depth. They include cost-of-service regulation in which prudently incurred costs are reflected dollar-for-dollar in rates and four performance-based models: (1) price-cap regulation, in which ceilings are placed on the average price that a utility can charge its customers; (2) revenue-cap regulation, in which a ceiling is placed on revenues; (3) rate-of-return bandwidth regulation, in which a utility`s rates are adjusted if earnings fall outside a {open_quotes}band{close_quotes} around equity returns; and (4) targeted incentives, in which a utility is given incentives to improve specific components of its operations. The primary difference between cost-of-service and performance-based approaches is the latter sever the tie between costs and prices. A sixth, {open_quotes}mixed approach{close_quotes} combines two or more of the five basic ones. In the recent past, a common mixed approach has been to combine targeted incentives with cost-of-service regulation. A common example is utilities that are subject to cost-of-service regulation are given added incentives to increase the efficiency of troubled electric-generating units.


Magnetic levitation bearing can be stabilized only by single-axis active control.In this paper an axial self-bearing motor is used to stabilize the rotor and to give rotary torque without physical contact.The rotor can levitate and rotate up to several thousand rpm without any radial support.This is a simpler success of the magnetic levitation motor.


379 this tension occurred across print media and possessed different meanings contingent on audience and purpose, Rintoul challenges binary thinking about Victorian culture and ideology. Her work also provides a useful corrective to the Victorian belief that "in the upper classes men rarely lift their hands against their wives. To offer personal violence to a woman is an offence against society for which nothing can atone" (Kaye 235).


[Editor's Note: The fol lowing essay presumes familiarity with debates within the history of science profession as well as a good working knowledge of the Scientific Revolution in early modern European history. It skillfully weaves the threads of the various, often subtle, interpretations to fashion a broad tapestry of the major--and many minor?works of the pe riod. This historiographie and bibliographic essay can best be utilized by secon dary education and college teachers developing a se mester-long course on the Scientific Revolution.]


Management of fistula is one the most notorious job for the surgeon because of its ill site, chronicity, and recurrences. Treatment modalities like anal fistula plug, mucosal flap advancement, fibrin glue, and VAAFT (Video Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment) are there but ksharsutra has edge on them for its success rate and non-recurrence. Even after its better results, weekly sitting and pain during changing of ksharsutra and discomfort of ksharsutra being in situ makes it difficult for patient to pursue the treatment. Hence, a new approach was mandatory. Considering fistula to be a dushtavrana, shashti upakrama like lekhan, shodhan and ropan were applied in a patient of high-anal transphincteric fistula. Partial fistulectomy, excessive curettage (lekhan) from its internal opening was done. Internal opening was closed and wound was allowed to heal by second intension with the help of shodhan and ropan tail. Post-operative antibiotics and anti-inflammatory were given. It was observed that wound healed at good rate without discomfort of patient in 25 days. It underlines importance of shashtiupkrama in modern age of surgery also.


To quantify the total life cycle environmental impacts of consumption, an economy-wide assessment of goods and services is conducted using the Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) model. This research includes an assessment of total ldquocradle to consumerrdquo impacts of consumption, utilization of US Environmental Protection Agencypsilas Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) in the EIO-LCA model, and the use of new modeling techniques for sectoral contribution analysis and subtotal supply chain impact of tier-1 supplier analysis. The results show that power generation contributes to nearly one fifth of the total embodied energy and greenhouse gas equivalent emissions in manufactured goods; and for the services and other institutions sectors, its contributions are more than one third. Sectoral contribution analyses show that mining is a major contributor of cancer effects for manufactured goods. Displacing mining production through recycling can help reduce life cycle cancer effects of goods. Consumer purchases of waste management services are found to contribute to nearly a quarter of all cancer and non-cancer impacts in the entire economy, signaling the need for producer responsibility policy aimed to reduce toxic materials that eventually enter the waste stream. Subtotal supply chain analysis of packaging materials found that on an energy basis, there exist opportunities to expand the existing applications of deposit-refund programs on beverage containers to other goods. Agencies, companies, and industry groups can use sectoral and supplier contribution analyses to identify opportunities for reducing the life cycle impacts of their products.


Feeding behaviour of four species for large shorebirds (Scolopacidae) was studied in a tidal mudflat, Chametla, Mexico, to determine the foraging efficiency of Limosa fedoa, Numenius phaeopus, Numenius americanus and Catoptrophorus semipalmatus in a stopover/wintering area; and their activity with the tide cicle. The study area was visited in the winter of 1993 during the daylight hours. Each species was observed for 15 min during each tide type. The tide type does not affect the frequency with which the species use the different foraging strategies. In general, probing was more efficient than pecking. Considering distribution and prey, L. fedoa had the highest efficiency with this feeding strategy. Both species of Numenius were more efficient with pecking than other species. C. semipalmatus has the highest efficiency because it is an oportunistic species, L. fedoa is generalistic, both Numenius are especialists and C. semipalmatus is oportunistic.


Traditional knowledge management mechanism focused on the re-usage of knowledge library. However, it lacks the ability of knowledge innovation and co-creation. Meanwhile, employee should experience the process recognition and formation of knowledge. Therefore, if therefore has any mechanism, which can be used to improve these problems, it will be helpful on improving the competition of industry. The purpose of the research is the development of a mechanism of intelligent knowledge management for steel industry. The mechanism could be used to retrieve information of material resources, generate cutting rules for manufacturing, control inventory and experience translating. The situation of steel industry and its knowledge usage was first discussed. Next, the method of field notes of exploratory research was applied to collect data by case study for understanding the needs of knowledge of steel industry for categorizing types of knowledge. Then, the method of Case-Based Reasoning(CBR) was utilized to create a push technology for automatic translating knowledge. We believe that the mechanism would be useful for employees in steel industry to make fast and adequate decisions on their marketing as well as manufacturing.


The article is devoted to the topical for modern linguistics questions of linguistic conceptualization in modern Russian language; the main approaches to understanding of such terms as «anthropocentrism», «conceptual world image», «linguistic world image», «concept» are analyzed.


When designing an array processing method it is often useful to have an a, priori idea about the limitations of the
accuracies which may be achieved as provided by the Cramer-Rao theorem . The general technic of computation of
these bounds for gaussian multivariate process is certainly not new (specially in USA) but may be the formalism
and the usefulness of the results deserve a bit of advertising .
This paper is the first of a tutorial on the subject where we have tried to introduce the formalism in closed form ; a
second paper will discuss a few applications of interest in underwater acoustic .


Abstract Indo-European reduplication patterns have always been reconstructed by comparing reduplicated forms in attested languages. In this paper I will argue that what actually has to be compared are not individual forms but grammars. To demonstrate this approach I will develop reduplication grammars in an optimality theoretic framework for Gothic, Latin, Greek, and Old Indic. Based on these grammars a possible Indo-European reduplication grammar will be reconstructed. I will argue that the behaviour of consonants in reduplication is straightforward. The one exception are onset clusters with initial s, which are claimed to be monosegmental in the Germanic languages and in Latin, whereas s is treated as extrasyllabic in Greek, Old Indic and possibly Indo-European. Laryngeals pose no problem to reduplication grammar when they are taken to be fricatives. Only Attic reduplication remains as a crux. Of great interest from a theoretical point of view is the nucleus of the reduplicant, as I will show that in most of the cases discussed in this paper it is neither unmarked nor dependent on vocalic specifications of the base. This fact can only be accommodated by assuming a templatic reduplicative morpheme with a fully specified vowel. The Indo-European data are therefore a serious challenge to the often claimed universal validity of Base-Reduplicant Identity and The Emergence of The Unmarked in reduplication patterns. As a consequence the Indo-European evidence calls into question the concept of Correspondence in OT-phonology.


Fifty years ago D.C. Pack presented his analytical series solution for a slightly over‐or underexpanded supersonic jet emerging from a circular nozzle. However, non‐uniform convergence, caused by singularities, makes direct numerical evaluation impossible. Therefore, Pack was unable to verify his solution, and during the following decades there was considerable doubt about its physical relevance. The present paper aims at answering the above question by a direct comparison of experimental Mach‐Zehnder interferograms with corresponding theoretical images computed from Pack's analytical solution.


This paper examines why some financial stress episodes lead to economic downturns. The paper identifies episodes of financial turmoil in advanced economies using a financial stress index (FSI), and proposes an analytical framework to assess the impact of financial stress – in particular banking distress – on the real economy. It concludes that financial turmoil characterized by banking distress is more likely to be associated with deeper and longer downturns than stress mainly in securities or foreign exchange markets. Economies with more arm's-length financial systems seem to be more exposed to contractions in activity following financial stress, due to the greater procyclicality of leverage in their banking systems. © 2010 International Monetary Fund. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


A method is presented to allow the computer analysis of rolling bearings with reduced numbers of balls or rollers with no loss of accuracy. There are three advantages with the ability to model the bearings with less than the actual numbers of balls or rollers: (1) The method allows for the analysis of bearings which have more balls or rollers than allowed by the dimensioning of the computer software; (2) The method allows for the selection of a model number of nodes or rolling elements which are equally spaced and correspond to the number of nodes of a finite element analysis of the bearing rings and mounting structure; and (3) The method can reduce the computer printout for the bearing analysis.


Multilateral and multidimensional comparison of a group's subjective well-being is problematic when its responses are ordinal and cardinally intangible. Arbitrary attribution of cardinal measure to ordinal categories engenders ambiguity when alternative equally valid scales are contemplated because of scale and weighting dependency issues. However much can be said without resort to such scales. Here scale independent methods, particularly useful in multilateral, multidimensional treatment effects analysis with ordered outcomes for measurement and comparison of treatment group wellness are proposed and exemplified. This study of poor health-loneliness and aging relationships in China reveals poor health and loneliness increase with age, though not monotonically. Improved health is always associated with less loneliness, and reduced loneliness is always associated with better health outcomes. Males enjoy better joint health-loneliness outcomes than females in almost every comparison, and urban dwellers enjoy better joint outcomes than their rural counterparts. Funding Information: None. Declaration of Interests: None.


This study consists of an examination in detail of those facets of character, and conduct arising from character, which specifically account for the decay of the aristocracy of Yoknapatawpha; and by way of emphasis, of the specifically regenerative attitudes and actions which have sufficed to preserve various individuals of this class who have endured as fully adequate human beings.


Disclosed is a phase transition heat-collecting skylight, which comprises a window frame on an opening of a roof board and a glass inlayed in the window frame. The shade side on the opening of the roof board is connected with a low wall as high as the window and the sunshine side thereof with a lateral skylight and a roof skylight. The low wall, the lateral skylight and the roof skylight are enclosed to form a roof sunshine room. One side of the shade side on the opening of the roof board is hinged with an openable heat-collecting cover plate. The lower surface of the openable heat-collecting cover plate is coated with an insulation layer. The skylight adopts a plurality of solar energy technologies for indoor heating and natural ventilation, which is heated by solar energy instead of mains supply in a clean and comfortable way. With the solar energy technologies, the skylight has greatly improved heat insulation.


Energy of a long low-intensity laser beam can be efficiently transferred to a femtosecond counter-propagating laser pulse in the plasma. The amplified pulse forms a stable threedimensional soliton which is compressed in all three dimensions. Overview of theoretical and experimental efforts will be given. @ 2002 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (140.6630) Superradiance, superfluorescence; (350.5400) Plasmas In this talk I review recent advances in laser pulse compression to femtosecond duration using tenuous plasma as the nonlinear medium for parametric short pulse amplification. The standard approach to generating highintensity ultra-short laser pulses is Chirped Pulse Amplification, in which a laser pulse is stretched, amplified, and re-compressed. CPA-based optical systems have been shown to generate sub-picosecond petawatt laser pulses with up to 500 J per pulse. The pulse energy is limited by the thermal damage to the compression gratings which become prohibitively large and expensive for kJ pulses. A different approach to ultra-short pulse amplification by colliding it with a long counter-propagating p u m p ing laser in the plasma has been recently suggested [l, 21. The main advantage of using the plasma medium for aniplification is that there is no thermal damage threshold fresh plasma can be used for each shot. The counter-propagating geometry is chosen for two reasons. First, it enables the short pulse to sweep through the.entire pump absorbing most of its energy and integrating over all the inhomogeneities and imperfections of the pumping signal. Second, the cold electron plasma exhibits remarkable properties as a parametric medium: its x3 coefficient has a very strong dependence on the wavenumber difference Ak between the two interacting laser pulses. In particular, for counter and co-propagating lasers (rl and TI, respectively) the ratio of the x 3 coefficients is x3(7l)/x3(Tr) M 4w;/w: [3], where wg and w1 are the frequencies of the amplified signal and the pump, wp i5 the plasma frequency. In a tenuous plasma this ratio can be several hundred, distinguishing plasma from gasses, liquids, and fibers. Short pulse can be rapidly amplified by backscatterzng a counter-propagating pump in the plasma without suffering from forward-propagating instabilities (such as Raman forward scattering and filamentation). Typical amplification of a short pulse by the pump is shown in Fig. 1. New results demonstrating the self-similar nature of short pulse amplification will be presented. We find that (for small pump depletion) equations of electron motion and laser evolution admit self-similar solutions in all three dimensions. The following form of the self-similar solutions was found for the slab geometry: h o ( c , z , Z ~ ) = a ( y , p ) e x p i d , where y = C f i and p = kpz/&. The particle ponderomotive phases & = 2koz, and the amplified pulse amplitude and phase satisfy the equation where both 2. 4 and 4 are functions of y and p. Equations (1) are derived under the assumption of an infinitely extended pump. The most important predictions of the self-similar model (verified by PIC simulations) are [4]: (i) quadratic increase of the laser intensity with z ; (ii) decrease of the pulse duration as TL M (3/wpa1)/&; (iii) downshifting of the frequency of the amplified signal from the pump frequency by A w = -21/2d4/dy 0.221/2. Overview of the most recent experimental results from Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics and from Princeton University will also be presented.


PV cell is based on Photovoltaic Effect, which a converts solar energy into electrical energy. Solar cells are extensively used in space and earthly applications. Still solar cell has low efficiency to utilize its max energy it must operate at condition known as maximum power point. This point varies with different parameter like cloudy condition, partial shading, illumination, temperature and other ageing effects. In this research work, we will present most commonly used MPPT methods (P and O) for a photovoltaic cell and assess its strengths/weaknesses by using MATLAB Simulink.


Many of the specific recommendations of the Corrections Task Force of the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals have impacts that cut across traditional administrative or program designations. Two broad sets of such standards are examined here: parole programs and procedures, and proposals for changes in institutional work experiences. In both cases the Task Force standards might be expensive to implement by themselves, but individual proposals generate a cost saving in other activities that partially or even completely offsets the budgetary impact of the standard. The Task Force's recommendations on parole procedures include intensive supervision, financial support and job placement for parolees, and expansion of parolee rights in grant and revocation hearings. Standards in each of these matters could add as much as $700 per case to current parole costs. But all of the recommendations are designed to increase the likelihood of parolee success and thus to reduce institutional populations. The average cost per inmate in major institutions is approximately $5,000. Some of the Task Force standards can be expected to reduce institutional populations by more than enough to offset the additional costs of parole, while in other cases the Task Force proposals would probably impose net-but small-budgetary costs on correctional systems. The Corrections report's proposals for changes in prison work experiences and pay imply basic restructuring of institutional work programs. Upgrading prison industries would impose enormous costs on either correctional systems or private employers who might be invited to operate establishments in prisons. In return, either correctional systems or private employers would generate enormous increases in output and sales, which would more than repay the costs of new capital equipment and higher inmate wages as long as the goods could be sold in markets that historically have been closed by law and custom. The Corrections standard for prevailing wages for maintenance workers, in contrast, would generate cost offsets only if some maintenance workers could be reassigned to profitable prison industries. On balance, the net cost of implementing all the standards dealing with institutional work and pay is likely to be very close to zero.


The aim of this work is to analyze the spatial continuity from the series of annual rainfall averages and the rainfall averages in the rainy season, in an area that includes the mesoregions of the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba Minas Gerais and the Sul Goiano Goiás, as well as estimating values of precipitation to the nonsampled sites in the study area. Monthly precipitation data of 52 pluviometric stations were used, available on HidroWeb from the National Water Agency (ANA). In the initial treatment, data were organized and tabulated in order to extract the pluviometric averages. The geostatistical treatment was performed in the SGEMS / AR2GeMS software, where six experimental semivariograms were elaborated for each analyzed period, which respectively contain the following intervals of lag (h) 10km, 20km, 30km, 50km and 60km. The semivariograms were manually modeled and the resulting values were validated, so that the best adjustments for the annual averages were the 20km lag (h) with 84km range and, for the rainy season averages, the 60km lag (h) with a 250km range. Ordinary kriging and indicative kriging were performed using the adjusted optimal parameters in the variographic. The data validation was done using the cross-validation method, while the estimation errors were determined by ordinary kriging. The maps and data resulting from ordinary kriging allowed us to identify in both evaluated series that the highest precipitation values, 1370mm to 1672mm, are concentrated at the area extremities, east and northwest portions, while the lowest values, 1154mm to 1369mm, are located in an intermediate range between the two portions. In the validation and errors analysis for series of annual averages, estimates errors were determined ranging from -216mm to 217.3mm, with an average of -1.99, for the series of averages in the rainy season, estimates errors were determined ranging from -225.3mm to 201.7mm, with an average of 0.14. Through the method of indicative kriging, the probability of local data deviation around the median value was set (1452mm for the series of annual averages and 1325mm for the rainy season averages), where higher deviations from 65% to 100% were set in the southeast and northwest portions and, otherwise, lower deviations, 0% and 55% are located in the intermediate range between these two regions. In both kriging methods, it was noticed that the extremes of the study area, the southeast and northwest portions, concentrate higher rainfall heights when compared to the intermediate or central portion. Also as a result of the geostatistical treatment, precipitation values were estimated for 57 municipalities that do not have stations.


In this paper, an attempt to understand modern romantic relationships influenced by technology is made. According to Z. Bauman and E. Giddens, relations in modern society can be characterized as "liquid love" or "confluent love", which are very dynamic. It is noted that the primary stages of building relationships are mediated by technical means, and the partners communicate remotely, according to the "subject - means - subject" scheme. At the same time, the technologies themselves, imperceptibly for users, can control the choice of a partner and limit the range of persons with whom he or she can get acquainted, and as a result, establish a relationship. This is the manifestation of the technical side of rational love, based on the choice of a "suitable life partner".In this case, the theory of rational choice is absolutized, and as a result a partner that meets certain parameters is selected: on the one hand, attractive for the subject, and on the other, equal in social status and level of attractiveness for others. In addition, online dating supports a person's desire for safety and comfort, as technology mitigates failures, and rational risk is only partially present. A person gets the opportunity to explore the Other before a personal meeting, and in some cases even before they meet and begin virtual communication, which is associated with greater openness of users on the global Internet, active placement of various content and personal information. Thus, the search and attraction of a partner in dating services and virtual social networks reflects such tendencies of present as digitalization, macdonalization and virtualization.


Recently we introduced a new approach for retrieving the Green's response to a virtual source in the subsurface from reflection data at the surface. Unlike in seismic interferometry, no receiver is needed at the position of the virtual source. Here we present the theory behind this new method. First we introduce the Green's function G and a so-called fundamental solution F of an inhomogeneous medium. Next we derive a relation between G and F, using reciprocity theorems. This relation is used as the basis for deriving a 3D single-sided Marchenko equation. We show that this equation is solved by a 3D autofocusing scheme and that the Green's function is obtained by combining the focusing wave field and its response in a specific way. We illustrate the method with a numerical example.


In this paper, the regularized meshless method (RMM) is developed to solve two-dimensional Laplace problem with multiplyconnected domain. The solution is represented by using the double-layer potential. The source points can be located on the physical boundary by using the proposed technique to regularize the singularity and hypersingularity of the kernel functions. The troublesome singularity in the traditional methods is avoided and the diagonal terms of influence matrices are easily determined. The accuracy and stability of the RMM are verified in numerical experiments of the Dirichlet, Neumann, and mixed-type problems under a domain having multiple holes. The method is found to perform pretty well in comparison with the boundary element method. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


THE AUTHOR PRESENTS THE MEASUREMENTS MADE DURING THE COMPACTION OF BACKFILL EMBANKMENTS OF A BRANCH OF THE SEINE. THE FILL MATERIAL WAS A FINE SAND POURED TO A HEIGHT OF 7 M OVER FINE COMPRESSIBLE ALLUVIUM. THE TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS CARRIED OUT WERE AS FOLLOWS: FORECASTING THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE EMBANKMENT BY MEANS OF LABORATORY TESTS (CYCLIC OEDOMETER WITH SINUSOIDAL LOADING AND DYNAMIC IMPACT OEDOMETER); FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION IN PORE WATER PRESSURE DURING AND BETWEEN TAMPING STAGES; SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL OF SETTLEMENT AND VARIATIONS IN BULK DENSITY WITH THE EXPERIMENTAL GAMMA-GAMMA PROBE AND WITH MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE MOVEMENTS; STUDY OF THE IMPROVEMENT IN THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL BY PRESSIOMETER AND PENETROMETER TESTS. IN VIEW OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT, THIS PROGRAMME WAS SUPPLEMENTED BY VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS IN AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE MOVEMENTS OF A RETAINING WALL. RESULTS EMPHASIZE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPACTION METHOD, MAXIMUM DENSITY BEING OBTAINED AT APPROXIMATELY 5 TO 6 M IN DEPTH. ON THE OTHER HAND NO MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS WAS OBSERVED IN THE UNDERLYING ALLUVIUM.