The high rate of recidivism among persons completed their sentence in places of confinement (53.2 %) indicates the low efficiency of individual prevention and insufficient corrective influence of the penal system. Achieving the punishment goals is associated with revealing internal subjective causes of committing a crime. Convict's personality should be the object of scientific study as well as of educational, psychological and other influence of penal institutions. The author proves the necessity of combining sociological and psychological methods when studying personality characteristics of convicts, since sociological methods don't allow to reveal personal causes of criminal behaviour (the object of preventive influence). General and special measures of preventing crimes among convicts are considered. The provisions of both the Instruction on preventing crimes among prisoners and the general components of crime prevention (measures, structural divisions) are analyzed. Individual prevention of offences implies organizing purposeful, systematic and differentiated work with convicts put on preventive register taking into account psychological characteristics of their personalities, character and degree of public danger of the committed offences as well as other personality characteristics being important for proper choice of methods and means of educational influence. It's summarized that the purpose of penitentiary system is exerting proper influence on convicts in order to prevent repeated criminal behaviour. Convict's personality is considered as main object of psychological and pedagogical influence and central point of penal system's activities.


The moral intelligibility of the Western world today owes a heavy conceptual debt to Immanuel Kant. Kant's m al theor is usually cited as the philosophical antecedent of United Nations' declaration that "All human rights derive from the dignity and worth inherent in the human person."1 It was Kant's claim that we have a duty to treat others as ends, and, even more than that, a duty to be an end for them, that is, to assert "the right of humanity in our own person."2 Nevertheless, it is an ambiguous debt, if only because we have, for the most part, borrowed Kant's terminology while leaving behind both its logic and its content Without the logic and content, claims regarding the dignity and worth inherent in the human person reduce themselves to little more than deniable moral platitudes. If we are to reinforce the moral legitimacy and meaning of this claim that human rights derive from the dignity and worth inherent in the human person, I would argue, we cannot set aside the philosophical content that makes that claim intelligible. Unfortunately, there is a painful philosophical price to pay for acknowledging this content. For understandable reasons, many will prefer to leave claims regarding human dignity as platitudes to paying that price. The content question is, what does it mean to be a person? What makes a person a "person"? Kant answers this question by referring us to two related features of the human will. First, Kant says, the human will is a will


The Merck Manual, 14th edition (1982), MSD Pub lisher, pp. 1900–1902. Primary Examiner-Frederick E. Waddell Assistant Examiner-Raymond J. Henley, III Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Bacon & Thomas 57 ABSTRACT The invention relates to the use of a compound which acts as an antagonist of 5-HT at 5-HT3 receptors in the treatment of autism or another disorder originating in childhood in which there is mental retardation.


Purpose To study antioxidant reaction of gradient Sodium hydroxide extracting polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis Berk fermentation products. Methods The antioxidant reaction of the four polysaccharides was studied by three experiments, inhibiting red cells hemolysis, eliminating superoxide anion free radical(O2),scavenging hydroxyl free radicals(OH) .Results The results of inhibiting red cells hemolysis ratios of TFFB-A,TFFB-B,TFFB-C,TFFB-D were 21 .4% ,31.2% ,28.5% ,25.6% respectively.Their maximal eliminating ratio were 21.4%,28.4% ,36.6% ,53.0% respectively. The consistence of eliminating 50% of all free radicals(EC50) were 233.6, 603, 191, 195 mg/L respectively. Conclusion The all four polysaccharides from Tremella faciformis Berk fermentation products had a certain capability of antioxidation.


This paper examines the recommendations given by online voting advice applications (VAAs). These websites, which provide voting advice by matching user-entered policy views with parties' positions, have become very popular in Europe in the past decade. In the last Dutch election, forty percent of the electorate made use of these tools. VAAs are also used heavily in Germany, Belgium, Finland, Switzerland and other countries. The advice given is thus of great political importance for opinion formation and voting behaviour, making it necessary to examine how VAAs arrive at their recommendations. This paper first establishes how VAAs conceive of party positions. We argue that the underlying logic of vote choice used by VAAs is largely a proximity-based issue-voting approach, with some elements of the directional model of voting and salience theory. Valence evaluations are not taken into account. In order to assess the accuracy of party locations encoded in these applications, we then extract policy positions from twelve VAAs in seven European countries and compare these with established left-right and economic policy measures from expert surveys and party manifestos. The VAA positions show strong convergent validity with these measures. However, the voting advice given to users may nevertheless still be limited by other sources of error arising from VAAs' disregard of salience and valence, strategic manipulation by political parties and other VAA-specific 'quirks'. While VAAs measure party positions relatively accurately, voters should still treat these applications as tools and guides rather than as stringent recommendations.


Two new perchloratobismuthates(III) have been prepared: Li 2 [Bi(ClO 4 ) 5 ] by the direct reaction between anhydrous Bi(ClO 4 ) 3 and LiClO 4 at 200°C and NO 2 [Bi(ClO 4 ) 4 ] by the reaction of NO 2 ClO 4 with BiCl 3 at 70°C. No solvent was used in the preparations. Li 2 [Bi(ClO 4 ) 5 ] is stable upt to 350°C but at higher temperatures it decomposes to LiClO 4 , BiOCl, ClO 2 , Cl 2 , and O 2 ; NO 2 [Bi(ClO 4 ) 4 ] decomposes above 160°C to BiOClO 4 , NO 2 [BiO(ClO 4 ) 2 ], NO 2 , Cl 2 , and O 2 . The composition and stability of the perchloroatobismuthates depend on the nature of the outer-sphere cation


AI-powered chatbots have attracted considerable attention and research in the education sector in regards to their effectiveness as learning tools. This research was conducted to determine whether AI-powered chatbots are effective e-learning tools for students learning complex software like Computer-Aided Design (AutoCAD). A survey was conducted among 49 students studying electrical engineering at POLIMAS using self-structured questionnaires designed on a six-point Likert Scale. The scale ranged from "Strongly Disagree" to "Strongly Agree" responses. Findings indicate that e-learning tools like chatbots are effective learning tools. All respondents were satisfied with the functionality and content of these tools. However, future research should factor in the ethical issues surrounding chatbots as e-learning tools.
KEYWORDS: chatbots, artificial intelligence, e-learning, AutoCAD.


AAC is the commonly used abbreviation of the term: Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC), which encompasses the different communication methods that can be used to help people with a wide range of speech and language disabilities. We shortly discuss several educational and technological aspects of AAC. We also consider the linguistic issues occurring in the learning and teaching processes of those methods of communication, in particular in conversation with pupils with special communicational needs. The efficiency of such conversation depends, first of all, on the level of acquisition of conversational abilities, but also on the suitable choice of a system of alternative communication (e.g., PCS Picture Communication Symbols, PIC Pictogram Ideogram Communi-cation, Sclera Pictograms, MOWiK, Bliss System, Makaton), the proper choice of methods of communication, and the proper selection and use of the technological equipments (e.g., Voice Output Communication Aid, Boardmaker or Boardmaker with Speaking Dynamically Pro). Morever, the persons that teach such commun-ication should be on a high level of self-awareness and posses high qualifications. There are various concerns that the use of AAC might impede their ability to speak using words, but some research records show that this is not the case in general and many applications of AAC facilitate speech production. Keywords—AAC systems, education, technology, linguistic aspects.


I challenge David Jacobs' support for the conflict model of the legal order, finding serious limitations in his cross-sectional test of the model. To avoid these limitations and to extend the scope of Jacobs' study, I (1) apply his model to four additional crimes against persons and property; (2) examine race as an additional dimension of social inequality; and (3) consider how levels of crime might influence imprisonment ratios, a factor Jacobs ignored. I find no support for the hypothesis that race is a significant determinant of state imprisonment practices. Nor do I find income inequality a significant factor in imprisonment for crimes against persons and property, except in the case of larceny. In "Inequality and the legal order: An ecological test of the conflict model," David Jacobs (1978) hypothesizes that "the more there are differences in economic resources and economic power, the more one can expect that the criminal codes will be administered in a way that pleases monied elites." Specifically, violators of property crimes are more likely to be punished where economic power and resources are distributed unequally. Jacobs emphasizes the importance of economic inequality because "as long as money almost automatically confers power in western society . . its unequal distribution ought to lead to outcomes preferred by the rich." He also emphasizes the punishment of property crimes because "one major guarantee of the supremacy of an economic elite is property," and it stands to reason that the authorities will "make greater efforts to insure that violators of the property codes are sanctioned" (1978:516). Jacobs examined the relationship between income inequality and state imprisonment ratios for burglary and larceny using cross-sectional data for 1960. He introduced four other variables into the analysis to control for spuriousness of the relationship between income inequality and certainty of imprisonment: (1) the percentage of residents living in large cities; (2) percent change in the population from 1950 to 1960; (3) police per capita; and (4) resource level-mean income. His analysis of 47 states revealed a significant positive relationship between income inequality and imprisonment ratios for both burglary and larceny, with income inequality being the best predictor of imprisonment. When only non-southern states were considered (n = 35), however, this pattern was altered somewhat for burglary. Jacobs argues that the non-significant findings for burglary for these states are not inconsistent with the conflict hypothesis, since "victimization data indicate that groups with less money are the most frequent victims of this crime in nonsouthern areas" (1978:521, author's emphasis). That is, "differences in economic advantage and power only predict imprisonment ratios for a crime of which a disproportionate number of victims are affluent" (1978:522).


Pertaining to working environments and properties of 500 t portal cranes,the condition monitoring and analysis are conducted via electrical and mechanical signals.By employing PLC signals as classification criteria,the mechanical signals are first classified into different working conditions,and then analyzed using statistical methods.Based on an integration of MATLAB platform,OPC(object linking and embedding for process control) communication and statistical quality control,the data are sampled,processed and analyzed.Through detecting the correlation between the mechanical and electrical signals under diverse working conditions,the loading conditions and dynamic properties of steel structures can be accurately obtained.In addition,the PLC signals,rather than a single criterion,can effectively reduce the classification errors of working conditions so as to enhance the diagnosis and assessment success and accuracy.Therefore,this approach paves a venue for portal crane design and redesign.


The author considers the origin of such notions as spirit, self-consciousness, freedom, mystic contemplation, etc. He shows the impact of Plotin on all the consequent philosophy, emergence of mystics and intellectual tradition, which Cartesian philosophy stems from. It is shown that Plotin's teleology in nuce embraces Hegel's mediation of spirit with itself. It is noted that the doctrine of Plotin and his followers was more fully developed in the philosophy of Shelling, whose searches in their turn were followed by the Russian religious philosophy.


The improvement of ship machinery manufacturing level has promoted the development of China's shipping industry. While the ship performance is improved, the structure and operating conditions of ship machinery are becoming more and more complex, which has brought some challenges to the maintenance of ship machinery. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the fault maintenance and condition monitoring and evaluation of ship machinery and equipment. Firstly, this paper summarizes and analyzes the common faults of marine mechanical equipment, then explains and introduces the commonly used SVM algorithm, evaluates the health status of marine mechanical equipment based on the monitoring data, identifies the possible fault conditions and various possible fault categories, and uses the SVM algorithm for model training and classification. It can effectively reduce the maintenance cost of ship machinery, improve the operation safety and reliability of ship machinery and equipment, improve the intelligent level of ship equipment, monitor and evaluate the condition of ship equipment, and create favorable conditions for the long-term development of China's maritime industry.


The parental behaviors of species that care for their young are tailored to the environment they live in due to the high selective pressure of reproducing successfully. For birds, nest predation is thought to be the main driver of many reproductive traits, including parental behaviors. Other measures of habitat quality such as food availability and climate also influence nest survival and parental behaviors. In places where predator species have been introduced and/or habitat change has occurred, we may expect endemic species to either go extinct or quickly adapt to these new interactions with their environment. This study examined two aspects of parental behavior of birds living in a changed environment. First, using endemic Hawaiian birds and recently introduced birds as a model system, I experimentally tested responses to current, historical, and introduced predators. I found that endemic bird species responded to a model of an introduced predator, a rat (Rattus sp), with similar intensity to that of a novel object (a box), suggesting a general neophobic reaction. Endemic birds, however, showed less variability in response to the rat, suggesting some differentiation of the two, with a stronger, more uniform response to the rat. For recently introduced birds, I found that one species responded strongly to a historical predator that it had not seen for ca. 90 years (a snake), while another recently introduced species did not, suggesting large inter-specific variation in retention of antipredator behavior. The second aspect of my thesis compared nest survival and nest attendance behavior between the same species breeding in a forest restored from pastureland ca. 20 years ago and those breeding in nearby old-growth forest. I found no difference in nest survival or nest attendance behaviors between the restored forest and an old-growth forest, indicating that recently restored forests provided viable breeding habitat and highlighting the importance of using behavior and reproductive success to measure effects of restoration. Both studies indicate that endemic species are adaptable in respect to introduced species and habitat changes. These are promising results in the face of the rapid anthropogenic changes facing many species across the globe today.


Tail biting is a major welfare and economic problem in pig production which is difficult to prevent on conventional farms due to its multifactorial nature. A wide range of risk factors have already been identified, but a lack of awareness of these risk factors on farm makes it difficult for the farmers to change the tail biting situation. A holistic approach is required to identify the strengths and weaknesses on each farm to create a specific risk profile. Therefore, the tail biting management tool called SchwIP (abbreviation for "Schwanzbeis Interventions Programm" meaning tail biting intervention programme) was developed, which combines individual farm risk assessment with the principles of animal health and welfare planning (AHWP). SchwIP was evaluated on conventional German finisher farms to help farmers to reduce risk factors for tail biting and to meet the challenge for improving the tail biting situation on farm.
The main aims of this thesis were to investigate: 1) how such a tail biting tool could be distributed in practice and whether knowledge transfer to stakeholders could be provided, 2) the effectiveness of the implementation of SchwIP in reducing the risk score for tail biting and the tail lesion prevalence on farm, and 3) whether the effectiveness of the tool was also apparent in tail lesion prevalence determined at the abattoir.
Twenty-three one day training courses with 19 veterinarians and 115 farm advisers were conducted to distribute the tail biting management tool SchwIP throughout Germany (Chapter 4). Participants learned how to implement SchwIP in interactive workshops with a mixture of theoretical and practical sessions. Workshop groups were subjectively categorised into one of the three types: low, intermediate, or high antagonistic groups, based on the level of their antagonism towards SchwIP or the concept of SchwIP. Highly antagonistic groups evaluated the on farm usability of the tool significantly worse in the anonymous feedback forms that were handed-out. However, no differences between the three group types were found in their evaluation of knowledge transfer and implementation of SchwIP on customer farms. Sixty-seven percent of training participants recommended training workshops for colleagues for the uptake of similar tools. One important conclusion emerged for future workshop leaders, namely that they should strive for basic communication training and group leadership experience before setting up workshops.
SchwIP was implemented on 188 farms with tail biting problems twice; initially on a one day assessment between June and November in 2012, and again in 2013, either by one researcher (68 farms) or by one of the 68 trained farm advisers / veterinarians (120 farms) (Chapter 5). The selection of pens was problem based, therefore pens with prevalent tail biting problems were given preference. Farmers decided on each visit on aims and measures to minimise the tail biting situation supported by external advice from the operator and the SchwIP farm report. Across all farms the total risk score for tail biting decreased between the two on farm assessments. The level of implementation rate (all, some or no measures implemented) had no significant influence on the change of the total risk score for tail biting. No differences between the two on farm assessments were found in the risk factor categories 'comfort, enrichment, feed & water, health and stress'. However, in the category 'enrichment' knowledge transfer provided by the tool and operators was shown to be effective as in 2013 (second visits) more farms offered enrichment or material instead of objects. Moreover, the prevalence for blood on the tail, swollen tail, tail loss and ear lesions decreased significantly between the two farm visits.
Accompanying the data collection on farm a tail lesion monitoring in an abattoir was conducted with pigs from 32 farms assessed with SchwIP and from 32 control farms (Chapter 6). Three observers recorded tail lesions from a sample of 80,034 photos. Out of these, 43,402 pigs originated from SchwIP farms, which were recorded from 02.07.2012 to 29.11.2013 and 36,632 pigs from control farms were recorded from 22.11.2012 to 29.11.2013. The photos were assessed using a 4 point scale (no / mild / severe lesions or necrosis). Additionally a complete loss of the tail was assessed as present or absent. For the analysis the lesion scores were summarised to a combined lesion score of either 'lesion' or 'no lesion'. Tail lesions of any severity were observed in an average of 25.4 % of pigs from control farms with the majority of pigs affected by minor lesions (23.6 %). Tail necroses recorded at meat inspection were less prevalent than necroses scored from photos. Out of the 548 necroses only 17 % were recorded from both photos and meat inspection, whereas 53 % of the necroses scored at meat inspection were also recorded from photos. Prevalence of tail lesions was during the first season (winter) where photos from SchwIP farms as well as control farms were present, significantly higher in SchwIP farms than in control farms but not in any of the following seasons, suggesting that the implementation of SchwIP led to a reduction of the tail lesion prevalence in SchwIP farms.
In conclusion, the combination of farm specific risk assessment and animal health and welfare planning which is included in SchwIP successfully reduced risk factors for tail biting and also tail lesion prevalence on farm and at the abattoir. Training workshops for farm advisers and veterinarians are an effective way to distribute novel tools in practice and to provide knowledge transfer from research to advisory services and subsequently to farmers.


We're strange creatures, more lovely than we think and more sinful than we imagine, too hard and too easy on ourselves all at the same time.


MORE THAN 150,000 pension policy holders are set to profit from the takeover of the Royal National Pension Fund for Nurses (RNPFN) by the Liverpool Victoria.


In the biotechnology area, specialists require equipment with specific characteristics in order to carry out their experiments on biological materials, especially under different real climatic conditions in certain regions or situations. This paper consists of designing and building a camera that emulates various climatic conditions, mainly Peruvian microclimates such as arid subtropical, cold semi-dry and very humid tropical forest. For this, elements such as the Peltier module are used to generate the temperature variability, the ultrasonic humidifier module for the humidity variability, among others. Control is carried out by an Arduino Mega microcontroller device and monitoring and supervision is done through LabView software. The prototype obtained has been applied to validate the climatic effect in a biomaterial developed in the laboratory for sealing cracks in construction materials, such as concrete.


High-strength low-alloy steels (HSLA ) have better mechanical and corrosion properties than carbon steels and lower manufacturing cost due to fewer heat-treat ment steps. The superior properties of HSLA are attributed to the combined effect of multi-phase microstructure, grain size strengthening and precipitate hardening which are produced in situ during hot deformation. The final properties are a co mbined effect of solutionization/precipitation , austenitic grain growth/DRX/ recovery and kinetics of ferrite, pearlite, martensite and bainite formation. Hence it is of scientific and technological importance to understand the microstructural evolution of HSLA under High Temperature Defo rmation (HTD). In this work the effect of deformation rate and temperature on the competition among grain -gro wth/DRX/recovery kinetics of austenite phase is studied using analytical and nu merical thermodynamic models. It is seen that for a given temperature there exist s a critical defo rmation rate above which DRX is the dominant mechanism.


The utility model relates to a computer interlocking system, which comprises a manipulator, an interlocking machine, an acquisition module, and a driver module, wherein, the manipulator is connected with the interlocking machine through a communication line, the interlocking machine is connected with the acquisition module through an acquisition line, and the interlocking machine is connected with the driver module through a drive line. Compared with the prior art, the computer interlocking system of the utility model can improve the reliability of the system, and to some extent relieve the pressure that the reliability of a computer system is reduced in a major stop or a system having higher running demands, in particular to aiming at the actual situation that the terminal wires of a Chinese relay interface circuit has much more faults and the situation that a station yard has larger interference, measures as ''output parallel control'' and ''acquisition information sharing'' can well put an end to the phenomenon of the sudden closing of signals due to the faults, thus causing trains to brake emergently and resulting in danger.


Purpose
Industry–university–research cooperation (IURC) is a crucial way to build an innovative country. How to improve the effectiveness of IURC has become an important issue to be solved urgently.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper studies the data of industry, university and research activities in various regions of China from 2016 to 2018 and analyzes the impact mechanism of innovation input and open innovation environment on the effectiveness of IURC based on innovation value chain theory.

Findings
This research finds that innovative talent input has an inverted U-shaped impact on the effectiveness of IURC. When there are more innovative funds invested, the marginal effect of IURC will decrease. When innovative talent input exceeds a certain value, the open innovation environment can alleviate the positive marginal effect of its decline.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature and provides practical guidelines for improving the efficacy of IURC.


Avda. Gregorio del Amo, 8 28040 Madrid The goal-oriented discovery of materials requires the identification of the composition and process history necessary to achieve specific multi-scale structural features that in turn bring about the desired properties. To accelerate the materials discovery process, high-throughput (HT) computational and experimental methods have been proposed. Unfortunately, current HT computational and experimental approaches have severe limitations as they: (1) are incapable of dealing with the high dimensionality (composition, configurational, and microstructural degrees of freedom) and complexity (e.g., multi-physics) of the materials design space; (2) employ hardcoded workflows and lack flexibility to iteratively learn and adapt based on the knowledge acquired to assure balanced exploration and exploitation of the materials design space; (4) are suboptimal in resource allocation as experimental decisions do not account for the cost and time of experimentation.


In this paper a variable step-size algorithm for adaptive decision feedback equalizer (DFE) for turbo coded direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) communication systems is presented. The proposed adaptive equalizer is using a performance of the system or bit error rate to control the adaptation process of the DFE. By this technique, the performances of the proposed adaptive equalizer cooperate with the attractive soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) of turbo decoder for the DS/CDMA system provides a good statistical in non-stationary channel condition scenario. The simulation results confirm that the performance of the proposed system in terms of bit error rate has been improved over the finite impulse response (FIR) equalizer.


The rotational bands of α + 15O(1/2−) in 19Ne are calculated by employing a simple potential model. The α−15 O interaction potential is constructed from the scattering calculation of its mirror system, α + 15N. The resonance states are identified by imposing the absorbing boundary condition. The present calculations predict the sequence of the spin-orbit splitting states in the unbound region of 19Ne, which are generated from the higher spin states in the 20Ne nucleus. The excitation function of the α + 15O elastic scattering is also predicted, and the appropriate condition to observe the resonances is also discussed.


We propose that certain patterns (scars) could be relevant to extend the classic Caspar and Klug construction for icosahedrally-shaped virus capsids. These scars are theoretically and numerically predicted to be formed by electrons arranged on a sphere to minimize the repulsive Coulomb potential (the Thomson problem) and are experimentally found in spherical crystals formed by self-assembled polystyrene beads (an instance of the generalized Thomson problem). Scars could be produced on the capsid at an intermediate stage of its evolution and the release of the bending energy present in scars into stretching energy could allow for shape-changes. The conjecture can be tested in experiments and/or in numerical simulations.


The pitting corrosion behavior of a sputtered nanocrystlline thin film prepared by a rolled austenitic stainless steel has been studied in 3.5% NaCl solution by stochastic approach and atomic force microscopy(AFM)analysis.The results indicated that the pitting corrosion resistance of the nanocrystalline thin film was much higher than that of the as received steel.The stochastic results suggested that higher prevalence of metastable pits and lower rates of nucleation and growth for stable pits ocurred on the nanocrystalline thin film.The in-situ observation by AFM revealed that metastable pits preferrentially formed on the boundaries of clusters and thereby dish-shaped stable pits formed on the nanocrystalline thin film surface.


An HPLC method for the determination of phytic acid and three of its degradation products (IP3, IP4, IP5) in rapeseed and rapeseed meal has been developed. The method is based on ion pair chromatography with an RP-8-Phase and tetrabutylammoniumhydroxide as ion pair reagent. Methanol and twice distilled water (1:1) are used as mobile phase. The compounds are detected by an RI-detector. Variations in retention times and peak areas are avoided by thermostating the detector, the solvent reservoir and the column at 40°C. The calibration of the system is achieved with pure phytic acid. Different response factors for the inositol phosphates were calculated. An extraction method for inositol phosphates from rapeseed samples is optimized. The inositol phosphates of rapeseeds are extracted with 0.5 M HCl at 100°C and cleaned up by an ion-exchange column. Degradation of inositol phosphates is not observed during this treatment.

Bestimmung der Inositolphosphate IP3 – IP6 in Rapssaaten und Rapsschroten mittels einer HPLC Methode, Teil 1: Methode

Es wurde eine Methode fur die Bestimmung von Phytinsaure und drei ihrer Abbauprodukte (IP3, IP4, IP5) in Rapssaat und Rapsextraktionsschrot entwickelt. Die Methode basiert auf der Ionenpaarchromatographie mit einer RP-8-Phase und Tetrabutylammoniumhydroxid als Ionenpaarreagenz. Methanol und bidestilliertes Wasser (1:1) werden als mobile Phase verwendet. Die Verbindungen werden mit einem RI-Detektor detektiert. Schwankungen in den Retentionszeiten und den Peakflachen werden durch Thermostatisieren des Detektors, des Fliesmittels und der Saule auf 40°C vermieden. Die Kalibrierung des Systems erfolgt mit reiner Phytinsaure. Verschiedene Responsefaktoren fur die Inositolphosphate wurden bestimmt. Eine Extraktionsmethode fur Inositolphosphate aus Rapssaat und Rapsextraktionsschrot wurde optimiert. Die Inositolphosphate werden mit 0.5 M HCl bei 100°C extrahiert und mittels Ionenaustauschersaule gereinigt. Ein Abbau der Inositolphosphate wird dabei nicht beobachtet.


The Session Initiation Protocol(SIP) is widely used in the field of communication.But SIP faces a lot of security threats because it lacks effective security mechanism.First,the threats which SIP should encounter and their solutions are analyzed.Second,the process of HTTP digest authentication and its shortcomings are discussed.Accordingly,an improved HTTP digest authentication is put forward.At last,the development of an improved HTTP digest authentication is realized in soft switch system.


The QCD phase diagram, specifying the form of strongly interacting matter as a function of temperature and density, is important in many disciplines of physics. Finite densities are not amenable to standard Monte Carlo simulations and knowledge of the phase diagram remains scarce. We report from a long term project to determine the phase diagram of QCD with two mass degenerate quark species at zero and imaginary chemical potential, where there is no sign problem, in order to constrain the phase diagram of physical QCD at real chemical potential. ,


Amiodarone (AMD) is a potent antiarrhythmic drug that is limited in clinical use by its potentially life-threatening AMD-induced lung toxicity. The resemblance of the morphologic changes of lungs in AMD-treated rats to pulmonary toxicity in humans, suggest that this type of chemical injury may serve as useful model of this disease entity. The effect of L-Carnitine (CAR) on AMD-induced lung toxicity was investigated in rats. AMD induced lung toxicity, manifested biochemically by a significant decrease in reduced glutathione contents, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes activities in lung tissues. Also, AMD induced a significant increase in lipid peroxides, measured as malon-di-aldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (Nitrite -Nitrate) in lung tissues. Moreover, AMD induced pulmonary toxicity was further confirmed by histopathological findings. Interestingly, administration of L-carnitine to AMD treated rats completely reversed the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by AMD to the control values. These results suggest that CAR can ameliorate lung dysfunction induced by MDA via a mechanism(s) which involves the production of nitric oxide rather than lipid peroxidation. In addition, CAR may therefore be a beneficial remedy for AMD lung toxicity and can be used to improve the therapeutic index of AMD


In methanogenic environments Methanosarcinaceae are beside Methanosaetaceae the only acetate-consuming family of archaea and thus important contributors to the formation of the greenhouse gases methane and carbon dioxide. In this study, the carbon isotope fractionation during this process was determined for two species of the Methanosarcinaceae family, M. barkeri and M. acetivorans. The calculated isotope enrichment factors (ε) associated with acetoclastic methanogenesis differed slightly compared to literature data for M. barkeri where εac and εCH4 typically range from –21 and –27‰. Our experiments showed partially stronger fractionation yielding εac = –30.5‰ and εCH4 = –27.4‰ for M. barkeri and εac = –36.9‰ and εCH4 = –23.8‰ for M. acetivorans. Since fractionation varied during the catabolism of acetate a new approach is shown which allows to differentiate isotope fractionation at different stages of acetate consumption. Introduction Methane (CH4) is the most abundant organic gas in the earth's atmosphere (Cicerone and Oremland, 1988) and an important greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential (approx. 25 times higher than carbon dioxide; IPCC, 2001). It is suggested that the contribution of CH4 to the greenhouse effect will even increase in future. This has made it necessary and more urgent to understand natural processes which lead to the production of CH4. Methanogenesis, the microbial formation of CH4, is the final step in the degradation of organic matter in anoxic environments like natural wetlands, lake sediments, and flooded rice fields. The most important precursors for the production of CH4 are acetate (Eqn. 1) and CO2 (Eqn. 2) with the following reactions (Conrad, 1989): CH3COOH → CO2 + CH4 (1) CO2 + 4H2 → 2H2O + CH4 (2)


Video retargeting (resizing) is an important task for displaying videos on various display devices. In this study, an enhanced seam carving approach for video retargeting is proposed, in which a seam may be a non-8-connected one. Both the search window size and the temporal weight can be adaptively adjusted according to video contents (motion information). Additionally, to preserve temporal coherence, the appearance-based method is employed. The spatial and temporal costs of a pixel are linearly combined to compute the cumulative cost with an adaptive temporal weight. Finally, dynamic programming is used to determine the optimal non-8-connected seam (with the minimum cumulative cost) for carving out. Based on the experimental results obtained in this study, the performance of the proposed approach is better than those of two comparison approaches.


Is economics a science? What distinguishes it from other sciences, both natural and social? Like many of the natural sciences, its theories are mathematically complex. Yet, like the social sciences, its 'laws' are largely everyday generalizations. Can such generalizations, which are far from universal truths, constitute a science? Does economics have a distinctive method? The first edition answered these and other questions about the scientific status of economics and its underlying methodology. In this fully updated new edition, Dan Hausman reflects on developments in both economics and the philosophy of economics over the last thirty years. It includes a new chapter on the methodology of macroeconomics, an updated discussion on the use of models, and new discussions causal inference and behavioural economics and their implications for theory appraisal. It is the perfect choice for a new generation of students studying the methodology of modern economics.


In view of the vastness of Dr. Luther's brochure (150 pages), we present here as brief as possible an extract from it.


Palladium(0)-catalyzed reactions of N-methanesulfonyl- or N-(arenesulfonyl)-3-alkyl-2-vinylaziridines reveal that 2,3-cis-isomers are more stable than the corresponding 2,3-trans-isomers in accord with ab initio calculations. A highly stereoselective synthetic route to (E)-alkene dipeptide isosteres having desired stereochemistries from 2,3-cis-3-isobutyl-2-vinylaziridine by the use of organocopper chemistry is also presented.


This paper presents transductive support vector machines (TSVMs) for the semisupervised classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images. On the basis of the analysis of TSVMs recently introduced in the machine learning literature and of the properties of hyperspectral classification problems, a specific TSVM algorithm is proposed to alleviate the Hughes phenomenon in a nonparametric and kernel-based classification framework. The extension of the proposed technique to multiclass cases is also discussed. Experimental results obtained on a real hyperspectral image point out that when small-size training data are available, the proposed TSVMs outperform standard inductive support vector machines (ISVMs).


A cryoprotectant composed of skim milk powder, sucrose and glycerol for vacuum lyophilized spore power of Aspergillus niger was developed and its formulation was optimized by one-factor-at-a-time and uniform design. By regression analysis of the experimental data, the optimal cryoprotectant formulation(per 100 mL of cryoprotectant) found to consisted of 6.43 g of skim milk powder, 13.03 g of sucrose, and 6.88 g of glycerol. The predicted survival rate of spore with the addition of the optimized cryoprotectant after freeze-drying was 88.82%, which was close to the actual value of 87.03%.


This work aims to analyze the labor Macroergonomics in the management department of an apparel industry. The chosen methodology to obtaining the aimed results has a collaboration strategy, where staff are involved throughout the research by providing feedback and assisting in the business problems solving.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for inputting computers having exercise functions is provided to prevent physical fatigue and pains caused by long-time fixed stances of users by making the users operate computers or play games as exercising with work-out equipments, and to check motion quantity of the users as playing the games by displaying calories calculated by operating signals of speed sensors. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for inputting computers having exercise functions comprises a left/right-directional speed sensor(20), a forward/backward speed sensor(18), selecting switches(22,24), and a micro computer controller(16). The left/right-directional speed sensor and the forward/backward speed sensor are mounted on a moving part of a work-out equipment, and output signals corresponding to part movements of the work-out equipment. The selecting switches are mounted on handles of the equipment. The micro computer controller interfaces signals of the sensors and the selecting switches, and outputs the signals as computer input commands.


Summary. Erythrokinetics were studied in 29 patients with hairy‐cell leukaemia. In all cases there was an increase in plasma volume, closely correlated to the size of the spleen, indicating that the true degree of anaemia can only be appreciated by red cell volume measurement. Moderately increased haemolysis was observed in most cases, which did not correlate with the spleen size. Simultaneous study of autologous and isologous red cell life‐span suggested an extra‐corpuscular mechanism for the haemolysis in most patients.


Objective To improve the teaching pattern of nursing, to promote students' personality standard, and to reach the modern educational thought of boosting students to " learning to exist, learning to cognize, learning to live together and learning to work" brought forward by science and education culture organization of UN.Methods Comparative method was adopted in the study progress: to divide the nursing students who had finished basic nursing study task but the clinical nursing study into two groups,the experimental group and the contrastive group.The first group carried on a month -long clinical practice, and the latter studied following the traditional teaching method without clinical practice.Then the Lincoln Kalleberg organizational commitment form, the blau Career commitment form, the Pearce Gregersen Job interdependence commitment were adopted for synthetical investigation and statistic.Results The result shows that there is significant difference in aspect of between experimental group and control group their organization promises, career promises and studies (P0.001).Conclusion The suggestion is to carry on the professional cooperation practice under the mastery of clinic basic skills.


The ring opening reaction of methyloxirane(PO) in hydrochloric acid(HCl) has been studied by NMR and gas chromatography. It is found that under experimental conditions α and β chloropropanol in the reaction products were in a molar ratio of about 2∶1. The ratio was almost constant when the molar ratio of c PO ∶c HCl ranged from 1∶0 3 to 1∶1 4, at reaction temperature from 0 to 65 ℃ and reaction time from 1 to 60 min. It is proposed that the addition reaction of HCl should follow an S N2 mechanism, and that which carbon atom would be attacked by nucleophilic agent Cl - is decided by space factor and not by the electron factor.


A system of coupled transmission lines with frequency-dependent parameters is decoupled into separate, uncoupled lines by a linear transformation, in which each element, being a function of frequency, is modeled as a transfer function of a lumped circuit. Each decoupled line is modeled by its characteristic 2-port. Lumped models of the characteristic impedance and the propagation function are given. For lines with skin effects, we present a new lumped model of /spl radic/s which is scalable, exact at zero frequency and accurate over a wide frequency range. The model of the entire system of coupled lines can be implemented in SPICE using existing circuit elements.<<ETX>>


A number of experiments have demonstrated that it is possible to induce ametropias in the eyes of young animals by distorting early visual experience. Much of the work has involved the use of chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) because of their precocial nature and because they grow and develop rapidly. The earlier studies generally involved depriving the retina of a clear image by either suturing the eyelids together or applying some kind of translucent or light scattering device over the eye during development (e.g., Pickett-Seltner, et al., 1987). This kind of treatment invariably leads to varying levels of myopia, often referred to as form deprivation or experimental myopia, through the axial elongation of the eye.


A sphere of influence graph generated by a finite population of generated points on the real line by a Poisson process is considered. We determine the expected number and variance of societies formed by population of n points in a one-dimensional space.


Square is the most important public space in the city. It always has special relationship with the city. And it relationship with place. Place with several meanings represent the identity of the city. The research from this perspective, place and identity in the plaza of the city is to clarify the relationship in Xi'an that the most famous historic city in China. To clarify this relationship, that place would be divided historical significance and cultural meaning, And identity of city would be divided historical context and the local cultural context.


tourists, refugees, migrant domestic workers, gender-nonnormative, trans, workingclass, and racialized individuals from Beirut's cosmopolitanism, ''who are defined outside modernity'' (p. 158). Nonetheless, for much of the western-centric discourse on queer Lebanon, ''Sexuality becomes the primary tool invoked in making fractal distinctions between the Lebanese and other Arabs'' (p. 59). Moussawi critiques neoliberal and sensationalist western gay representations of queer life in Beirut. He challenges queer reconciliation narratives where subjectivities are seen as mutually exclusive; his interlocuters resist such reconciliation and ''embrace and make use of seeming contradictions in their lives'' (p. 81). Furthermore, his interest in visibility moves beyond notions of the closet and reflects how subjects traverse urban space in light of state, police, and societal homophobia and other oppressive forces. As Moussawi writes, ''visibility in Beirut is negotiated primarily in relation to context and gender, class, ethnicity, immigrant status, political identification, and religious sect'' (p. 135). He also critiques the idea of the bubble, or affective spaces of temporary shelter, for abstracting the ''material conditions through which they are produced'' (p. 27) and the exclusions and exceptionalism that undergird such bubbles. Moussawi adds that these are ''responses to the failure of the promise of LGBT communities'' and violence within queer communities (p. 155); yet this reference is relatively vague, and the reader is left without proper elaboration on what this harm within queer communities entails. As an anthropologist, I yearned for richer ethnography, and I recognize that disciplinary differences could be at play considering the author's grounding in sociology. Disruptive Situations significantly emphasizes political economy, with references to the ''political economy of progress'' (p. 17), political economy of ''discourse of sexual progress and modernity'' (p. 18), ''political economy of gender'' (p. 75), ''political economy of coming out'' (p. 79), ''political economy of sexuality'' (p. 103), ''political economy of visibility'' (p. 107), and the ''political economy of safety'' (p. 119). Thus, Moussawi repeatedly emphasizes the importance of attention to material realities and how these shape individual experiences and subjectivities. He is consistently attuned to the role of power in expanding or constraining the possibilities for agency among Beirut's heterogeneous queer populations. Moussawi reminds us that bubbles can ''burst at any moment'' (p. 138). As Lebanon currently faces horrific and heartbreaking economic, political, social, and environmental crises, one cannot help but suspect that many of these privileged queer bubbles in Beirut have already burst. As a result, this book is a welcome addition to the fields of gender and sexuality studies, Middle Eastern studies, and sociology.


AbstractPakistan is increasingly confronted with shortage of fresh water resources, as annual per capita water availability has reduced to less than 1,000 m3. Wastewater reclamation and reuse practices must be adopted to deal with the situation. For this purpose, small and medium scale industries can play a vital role. With this mind set, wastewater from Al-Kausar Flour Mills Islamabad (AFM), Pakistan was investigated using physico-chemical treatment options. Total water consumption of AFM is 74.1 m3/d, and groundwater is being pumped for 8 h/d. Four experimental trains were tested using various combinations of pre-sedimentation, horizontal roughing filter, coagulation/flocculation/settling setup, and multimedia filtration. Ferric chloride and alum were used as coagulants. Results revealed that flour mill wastewater had high concentration of total suspended solids. Ferric chloride provided appreciable suspended solids removal in terms of turbidity. While, every option tested, removed over 98% of turbidity...


From questionnaire survey we frequently get data, their values are expressed in ordinal (e.g. Likert) scale. The questionnaire contains usually a lot of questions, so we get multidimensional data matrix. To simplify calculations with the data it is useful to reduce dimensionality of the dataset. For ordinal data we use different or improved methods compared to quantitative data. This article includes the overview and comparison of dimensionality reduction methods (e.g. principal component analysis, factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, cluster analysis...). From these methods we get groups of similar variables (latent classes), in some cases we can create interpretation of these new variables.


After the pandemic crisis caused by Covid-19, we can affirm that the future will increasingly rely on remote methodologies and will most likely continue with hybrid or blended teaching, combining online and face-to-face classes. Article 9 of Spanish Royal Decree 463/2020 ordered the suspension of presential educational activity at all levels in Spanish territory, as it was recommended that distance and online teaching be used whenever possible. Due to these quarantines, education authorities have been forced to modify teaching methods and methodologies in a short period, using existing technological and human resources. Students and teachers have found themselves in a new educational scenario very quickly and traumatically, without being prepared on most occasions. This paper presents a systematic literature review of the main national and international journals in the Web of Sciences, with the aim of finding out the main problems that the academic community has faced with the rapid adaptation of presential teaching to online or blended teaching. We can conclude that this expeditious change has caused problems that can be derived from (1) technical or infraestructure, (2) psychological and/or (3) formative and normative aspects. We are talking about a new learning framework that involves changes in the knowledge to be applied -pedagogical and technological-, in the didactics used -more collaborative and active- and in the context in which it is carried out -virtualisation of the environment and use of social networks-.


Adolescent social problems involving juvenile delinquents concentrate around factor such as family functionality and parental behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of family functionality and parent behavior on adolescent delinquent behavior. This study included 196 female delinquent adolescent inmates from four Malaysian correctional and rehabilitation centers in Malaysia. Data was collected using a questionnaire set that included background characteristics, The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES) IV, The parental behavior inventory (PBI), and Inventory Delinquency Scale. The descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyses the data. The result showed that family functionality has a significant association with delinquent behavior (r=-.255, p<001). Parental behavior also has a significant association with juvenile delinquent behavior (r=.411, p<.001).


54 SYSTEM FOR ADJUSTING SLEW RATE ON OTHER PUBLICATIONS AN OUTPUT OF A DRIVE CIRCUIT BY ENABLING A PLURALITY OF PRE-DRIVERS AND A PLURALITY OF OUTPUT DRIVERS Thomas H. Lee, et al., "A 2.5 V CMOS Delay-Locked Loop for an 18 Mbit, 500 Megabyte/s DRAM," IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 29, No. 12, Dec. 1994, 6 pgs. Edmund A. Reese, et al., "FA 18.4: A Phase-Tolerant 75 Inventors: sity, i.e." 3.8GB/s Data-Communication Router for a Multiprocessor Samir A. Patel Los Altos: Yiu-Fai s Supercomputer Backplane," ISSC94/Session 18/High-Per Chan. Los Altos Hills, all of Calif. formance Logic And Circuit Techniques/Paper FA 18.4, s s 1994 IEEE, 4 pgs. Satoru Tanoi, et al., "A 250-622 MHz. Deskew and Jitter 73 Assignee: Rambus Inc., Mountain View, Calif. Suppressed Clock Buffer Using Two-Loop Architecture," IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 31, No. 4, Apr. 21 Appl. No.: 09/017,529 1996, pp. 487–491. 1-1. Andre DeHon, "In-System Timing Extraction and Control 22 Filed: Feb. 2, 1998 through Scan-Based, Test-Access Ports, M.I.T. Transit (51) Int. Cl. ................................................ G06F 13/14 Project, Transit Note #102, Jan. 1994, 19 pgs. 52 U.S. Cl. .......................... 710/126, 327/158; 327/170, Atsushi Hatakeyama, et al. "A256Mb, SDRAM. Using a 327/262; 361/18 Register-Controlled Digital DLL," ISSCC97/Session4/ 58 Field of Search ........................ 71012, s. 27.15s. PRAM Paper TP45, 199EEE.2 pgs. 327/170, 262,374,380, 361/18 Stefanos Sidiropoulos and Mark Horowitz, A Semi-Digital s s s s DLL with Unlimited Phase Shift Capability and 0.08-400MHz Operating Range," ISSCC97/Session 56) References Cited 20/Clocking and I/O/Paper SA 20.2, 1997 IEEE, 5 pgs. PCT Search Report, Int'l application PCT/US98/02053, U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS mailed Aug. 12, 1998, 5 pgs.


Novel aqueous emulsions containing a pesticidal active ingredient and no surfactants, with little or no aromatic solvents are described, characterised in that they contain a polymer-type emulsion.


Abstract The passage of paraffins and olefins with six or more carbon atoms over catalytic metals and metal oxides can lead to ring closure, Although this reaction was noticed first by three independent groups of Russian workers [1–3], it gained industrial importance through the work of Grosse and co-workers [4] in making toluene from heptane over alumina-supported metal oxide catalysts.


Introduction:
 There is growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases, although the precise mechanism is not well defined. Normal functioning of mitochondria relies on maintaining the inner membrane potential (
 a.k.a.
 ΔΨ
 m
 ) to drive oxidative phosphorylation and redox balance. Thus, developing a tool to induce controlled mitochondrial depolarization and examine the effects on downstream intracellular processes will lead to critical information that helps to reveal the mechanisms underlying mitochondria-induced cellular dysfunction.

 Methods and Results:
 In this study, we developed a new generation optogenetic-based technique for targeting mitochondrial depolarization with light. Particularly, a heterologous light-gated channelrhodopsin protein, named ChR2, was targeted to and expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). We showed that ChR2 formed functional cationic channels on IMM with properties similar to that on the plasma membrane, allowing light-induced targeting ΔΨ
 m
 depolarization. We also showed that sustained moderate light illumination caused significant cell death in mitochondrial ChR2-expressing cells but not in the mock transfected or mitochondrial YFP-expressing cells. Finally, we provided evidence that the mitochondrial optogenetic-induced cell death is via apoptosis and is independent of the opening of the permeability transition pore.

 Conclusion:
 This new generation optogenetic tool can be used to study the mechanisms how a change of mitochondrial membrane permeability influences cell and organ functions.


Abstract BACKGROUND: Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia continues to occur in healthy term infants. The incidence has decreased as a result of guidelines by the Canadian Pediatric Society (CPS) and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), requiring all healthy newborns to receive either a transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) or total serum bilirubin (TSB) at discharge. Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of TCB tools. However, discrepancies still exist on the agreement between TCB and TSB by site and treatment. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and agreement of TCB and TSB by site and treatment using the JM-105. DESIGN/METHODS: A multi-site prospective clinical trial of term infants requiring TSB measurements. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the accuracy between TSB and TCB measurements by site and treatment. Bland-Altman Plots of the agreement between TSB and TCB values by site and treatment were generated. RESULTS: Paired TSB and TCB measurements from the forehead and sternum were collected from 75 term infants between 36-44 weeks gestational age. Bland-Altman Plots by site demonstrated the mean difference between TSB and TCB on the forehead to be -1.72 μmol/L ± 24.64 μmol/L (-66.7 μmol/L to 49.00 μmol/L) and sternum to be 1.2 μmol/L ± 37.99 μmol/L (-82.00. μmol/L to 136.33 μmol/L). The mean TSB level was 131.43 μmol/L ± 54.88 μmol/L (31 μmol/L – 285 μmol/L), mean TCB level on the forehead was 132.40 μmol/L ±57.029 μmol/L,(19 μmol/L-284.5 μmol/L) and mean TCB level on the sternum was 121.32 μmol/L ±58.27 μmol/L, (13.5 μmol/L-261.6 μmol/L). Paired t-tests revealed no significant mean differences between TCB and TSB measurements by site and treatment. The correlation between the TSB and TCB values from the forehead (Pearson's correlation r =0.877, p<0.01) were higher than the correlation between TSB and TCB values from the sternum (r= 0.646, p<0.01). The correlation between TSB and TCB values on the forehead (r=0.879, p<0.01) and sternum (r=0.747, p<0.01) were higher prior to phototherapy. The mean difference between TSB and TCB after phototherapy on the forehead was 25.77 μmol/L ± 48.36 μmol/L and sternum was 95.69 μmol/L ± 73.72 μmol/L. CONCLUSION: The JM-105 is an accurate TCB screening tool for physicians to use in healthy newborns by site. After the initiation of phototherapy the forehead may be a more appropriate site of measure with an overestimate of bilirubin levels. Additional research is required to obtain a greater understanding of the impact of phototherapy and site on TCB screening tools.


An incremental approach to introducing thorium to the conventional pressure-tube heavy-water reactor natural uranium fuel cycle is investigated. The approach involves the replacement of the centre fuel element of the bundle with an element of thorium dioxide. Increasing the operating margin of a key safety parameter, the coolant void reactivity, is a prime motivating factor. The analyses showed that the simple use of a single pin of thorium is unlikely to be economically advantageous due to a large burnup penalty and increased fuel costs. However, a slight reduction in the void reactivity is observed, and this approach does allow the exploitation of the energy potential available in thorium as an alternative nuclear fuel resource through the development of a U-233 resource. This bundle concept may also be advantageous from a fuel disposal point of view, as the fuel requires less time in storage before emplacement in a deep geological repository.


The TEMPO-mediated oxidative deformylation of aldehydes is reported that yields the TEMPO adducts which can be further oxidized to the corresponding ketones. The focus of this work was on the optimization of a synthetic protocol for use in natural product synthesis, specifically for the preparation of chiral backbones with 1,2-oxo functionalization found in polyketide antibiotics. In addition, the oxidative deformylation was combined with the oxidation of the alcohol to the precursor aldehyde in a one-pot protocol.


Abstract For air quality modeling, it is important that the meteorological fields that are derived from meteorological models reflect the best characterization of the atmosphere. It is well known that the accuracy and overall representation of the modeled meteorological fields can be improved for retrospective simulations by creating dynamic analyses in which Newtonian relaxation, or "nudging," is used throughout the simulation period. This article, the second of two parts, provides additional insight into the value of using nudging-based data assimilation for dynamic analysis in the meteorological fields for air quality modeling. Meteorological simulations are generated by the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) using both the traditional dynamic analysis approach and forecasts for a summertime period. The resultant meteorological fields are then used for emissions processing and air quality simulations using the Community Multisca...


There are many problems for the sewage metering in the Pharmaceutical Factory, such as the measurement precision is low, the sensing probe is susceptible to corrosion, the test results are not stable, and so on. In order to solve the problems, a new electromagnetic flow-meter controlled by single-chip microcomputer has been proposed. The probe of the shell material has the anticorrosion performance. The high-performance single chip microcomputer and the instrumentation amplifier circuit with high input impedance and low-noise are chosen. And the low frequency shielding wire with high quality has been selected. Since circuit designing and Least square method was chosen for field testing of the data, the error is 0.5%. The result shows that the electromagnetic flow-meter controlled by single-chip microcomputer for the measurement of sewage in the Pharmaceutical Factory has reached the advanced level of the similar products both at home country and abroad. KeywordsElectromagnetic Flow-Meter; Design of the Vircuit; Least Square Method


ABSTRACT: UTILISATION DES COMPAGNIES DE COMMERCE D'EXPORTA TION PAR LES PETITES ENTREPRISES Cent vingt-quatre petites entreprises ont ete soumises a une enquete, afin d'identifier le type de services intermediaires qu'elles attendent des compagnies de commerce d'exportation (ETCs).Les commentaires des entreprises ayant deja utilise les ETCs ont permis d evaluerleur degre de performance pour services rendus. Les resultats de 1'enquete suggerent que leg services A 1'exportation auxquels les petites entreprises attachent le plus de prix, ne sont pas ceux que les ETCs rendent avec le plus d'efficacite. The complexities and challenges of the international marketplace inhibit the entrance of many small- and medium-sized firms. Most smaller firms do not have the management knowledge and expertise necessary to understand the dynamics of selling their products outside the United States. However, given the prospects of stronger competition, maturing markets and declining market opportunities at home, plus a weakening dollar, American small businesses must give stronger consideration to entering world markets. To assist in this effort, Congress passed the Export Trading Company Act in 1982. The objective of this legislation was to encourage involvement of U.S. companies in international trade through the formation of export trading companies (ETCs) which could aid smaller- and mid-sized firms in their export endeavors. The ETC model for these intermediary organizations was based on Japanese and European trading firms that have been developing world markets for domestic industries for centuries. By modifying antitrust criteria, reducing trade financing restrictions, and allowing banks and other financial institutions to invest in such ventures, Congress hoped to stimulate the development of trading firms which could handle the international functions of smaller domestic firms desiring to compete in world markets. In the five years since the inception of the ETC Act, the positive results envisioned by its proponents have failed to materialize. By October 1985, the Department of Commerce had issued export trading certificates of review to only 57 trading companies nationwide. Of this total, 40 ETCs had been formed by bank holding companies (bank ETCs) with a total authorized capitalization of approximately $84 million. Unfortunately, smaller firms capable of producing "exportable" products have not widely embraced ETC s as a vehicle to assist in entering international markets. Thomas Johnson, an export attorney, noted, "The Act did not influence companies to start or stop trading (but instead) those already experienced were given the additional comfort the Act spelled out." One problem may lie in the various attitudes that tend to preclude smaller domestic firms from exporting in the first place. Such attitudes may stem from the complexity small firm owner/ managers believe is involved in planning, organizing, and adjusting products for foreign markets, along with their belief that implementing export strategies is expensive, and their general lack of awareness about or trust in government-sponsored export programs. However, a more fundamental and pervasive problem may relate directly to the range and type of services that ETCS typically provide their export clients. Possibly, the services currently offered by ETCs are not perceived as germane or helpful to small firms that desire to export their products to foreign markets. The purpose of the study reported here is to investigate the intermediary needs of present and potential small business exporters located in New Jersey. The perceived level of performance of ETCs by firms which now use them was also examined. This study builds upon a similar study conducted by De Noble and Belch, who analyzed similar firms located in southern California. The present study * Investigates the intermediary needs of present and potential small business exporters located in New Jersey to determine which services provided by the ETCs are perceived as important and which are considered unimportant. …


DOMINO gates are more vulnerable to crosstalk-induced functional failures compared to static CMOS gates. Previously developed noise models generate a pessimistic noise analysis because the effect of the keeper in DOMINO is not properly incorporated. In this paper, a new crosstalk noise model is proposed for DOMINO logic gates. Our noise model takes the effect of the keeper into account and provides a more accurate noise measure. We define the degree of conservatism for noise models and show that our noise model dramatically reduces the pessimism.


The analysis of the stratospheric aerosol origin was carried out by the method of Lagrangian particle trajectories. Stratospheric aerosol was registered by lidar sounding of atmosphere above Tomsk in 2008-2013 in summer time. The analysis of the results had shown that the aerosol content at altitudes of 13-125 km with maximum at 16-18 km can be associated with aerosol transfer from tropical stratospheric reservoir.


A new species of cottid fish,Stlengis mesembrinus collected from Indonesia,is described. It is distinguished from other species of this genus by its lateral line scale row of 29 scales,the additional row of 9 small dorsal scales,its large eye,its eight spines in the first dorsal fin,13 rays in the second dorsal fin,10 anal fin rays,and by its color pattern(e.g.,first dorsal fin translucent,with several irregular darkish streaks).The present species is compared with the Japanese members of Stlengis and with the species of Antipodocottus known from the Tasman Sea and New Zealand; the origin of the present species is discussed. During an examination of fish specimens in the collection of the Zoologisk Museum,Copenhagen(ZMUC),we found a new species of cottid fish from Indonesia.This first sculpin species from tropical waters belongs to the deepwater genus Stlengis Jordan et Starks,1904 which was known previously only from Japan,and is zoogeographically a link between the three Japanese species of Stlengis and the two nearly related species of Antipodocottus from the Tasman Sea and New Zealand area.Measurement methods follow those used by Fricke(1981) for callionymid fishes. Stlengis mesembrinus sp.nov. ( Figs.1,2) Material.ZMUC P81868,holotype,50.5 mm SL(standard length),Danish Kai Islands Expedition,St.52,Kai Islands,Indonesia,5•‹46'S,132•‹49' 35"E,352 m,7 May 1922. Diagnosis.A Stlengis with 8 spines in the first dorsal fin,13 rays in the second dorsal fin and 10 anal fin rays;29 lateral line scales and an additional dorsal row of 9 scales;uppermost preopercular spine with four curved points at its dorsal margin additional to the main tip;eye 16.2 % of SL. Description.D1.VIII;D2.xii,1;A.ix,1;P1. xviii xix;P2.I,ii;C.(ii)ii 7 i(ii).Lateral line scales 29;one additional dorsal scale row with 9 scales.Proportions see Table 1. Head and body depressed,tail compressed. Head(measured to hind end of operculum)large, 2.6 in SL.Eye very large,its diameter 2.4 in head length.Interorbital width 8.2 in eye diameter.Jaws,vomer and palatines with villiform teeth.Cranial spines:one pair each of preocular and parietal spines present,the latter ones forming a short and low bony ridge.No supraorbital cirrus present.Pores of cephalic lateral line system not much enlarged(pore pattern see Fig.1A).Anteriormost pore of mandibular series unpaired.Upper jaw length 2.5 in head length.Preoperculum with four spines;the lowermost projected downwards,the uppermost enlarged,upcurved and with four additional relatively large curved points at its dorsal margin(see Fig.1B).Operculum posteriorly pointed,extending to the vertical through the second spine of the first dorsal fin.No slit behind last gill arch.Scales relatively deep embedded in the skin,most with serrated posterior margin. Origin of first dorsal fin behind dorsal end of gill opening;predorsal(1)length 2.84 in SL. First spine of the first dorsal fin relatively short, 4.7 in head length;fifth spine longest,2.63 in head length.Predorsal(2)length 1.74 in SL. Second dorsal fin base length 3.02 in SL.Rays of second dorsal fin unbranched,the last divided at its base.Anal fin beginning on the vertical through the second ray of the second dorsal fin.Preanal length 1.74 in SL.Anal fin rays unbranched,the last divided at its base.Anal fin base 4 in SL.Prepelvic fin length 3.28 in SL.Pelvic fin spine 3.23 in head length;pelvic


Abstract A distinctive feature of downtown Santiago is its three-layered pedestrian network, consisting of streets, pedestrian zones and commercial galleries. This research shows that an important part of the vitality of downtown Santiago is because of its physical and configurational structure of streets, pedestrian zones and commercial galleries. This three-layered pedestrian network has been able to introduce a progressive differentiation of pedestrian flows into the urban block, thereby allowing for lower rents and the diversification of retail, which in turn facilitates the social diversity of service providers and users in the historic centre of Santiago.


Erophaca baetica is a legume endemic to the Mediterranean region. Although the fruits and seeds are large, the presence of the "locoism" which produces the alkaloid, swainsonine has prevented its use as animal feed or for human nutrition. Their protein content and chromatographic profile, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, and polyphenol contents have been determined in order to explore the potential of the E. baetica seeds as a source of dietary protein with functional components. The protein content was found to be 36% (w/w), and an amino acid analysis revealed a deficiency in sulphur amino acids, tryptophane, and lysine. The low lysine content is probably due to the abundance of alkaloids metabolically derived from this amino acid. Oleic and linoleic acids are the major fatty acids in the seeds. The antioxidant activity of polyphenol extracts was higher than the activity of the polyphenols extracted from most edible legume seeds. Hence, E. baetica seeds represent a promising source of functional and nutritional components on the condition that the anti-nutritional alkaloids are previously removed.


Systemic palynomorphs analysis from 8 cores in the Yangtze Delta was made and relatively abundant palynomorphs have been recovered from the late Pleistocene uppermost hard clay. Combined research results of other researchers, palynomorphs and palynomorphs assemblages characteristics of the uppermost hard clays in the Yangtze Delta and adjacent continental shelves were discussed. Palynomorphs concentrations in the uppermost hard clay were relatively low. Palynological assemblages were relatively humdrum, while the content of freshwater alga was unconventionally high in the uppermost hard clay. High content of freshwater alga shows that the formation of the hard clays was influenced by water and the hard clays should be freshwater deposits. Palynomorphs assemblages in the hard clays were obviously different from those in the overlaying and underlying layers. High percentage of freshwater algae is the most remarkable characteristic of the palynomorphs assemblage of the Yangtze Delta. High percentage of freshwater algae is the fossil sign of the uppermost hard clay of the Yangtze Delta and adjacent continental shelves.


Network Load balancing is a technique of balancing at each node the number of packets received and the number of packets forward to the other node so that the chance of network congestion problem has been reduced and bandwidth is utilized. Although there are many techniques implemented for the balancing of nodes based on maintaining a routing table at each node and is updated as the packet get forward from that node. Ant Colony Optimization is one of the techniques used in the network for the balancing of number of packets at each node. Here in this paper is proposed a comparative study of different ant colony optimization techniques implemented for the analysis of the network load balancing. Here the ant based techniques are implemented are simulated for different conditions and on the basis of which proposed the best ant based techniques for the network load balancing.


Cooperative distributed relay networking is one way to enable wireless communication among users lacking required infrastructure. An important application of such networks is to restore cell network coverage in the case of emergencies such as severe power outages or natural disasters. One example of distributed relay networking is compress-and-forward relaying where the relay nodes inside the relay network compress their observations before forwarding them to the receiver. Recently, integer forcing source coding (IFSC), which is based on lattice vector quantization, has been studied as a compression scheme in compress-and-forward relaying and cloud radio access networks. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end low computational complexity integer forcing compression strategy which we denote as rate-adaptive integer forcing (RAIF) compression. The proposed compression strategy uses IFSC to quantize observations of the relay network after optimal distribution of the quantization bits. This is shown to enhance the system throughput compared to existing strategies. Simulations are used to verify the obtained results.


[Objective]To investigate the changes of Thl/Th2 and Tcl/Tc2 pattern in patients with compensated cirrhosis treated by Kang'ai injection. [Methods]By flow cytometry,we studied the Thl/Th2 and Tcl/Tc2 pattern in patients with compensated cirrhosis before and after the treatment by Kang'ai injection. [Results]After the treatment,both groups showed significant decrease in Th1,Th2 and Tc1,Tc2.The ratio of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 in both groups were increased significantly.Kang'ai injection group has higher ratio than that of ordinary treatment group. [Conclusion]Kang'ai injection can promote the Th1,Tc1 response,regulate Th1/Th2 and Tcl/Tc2 balance in patients with compensated cirrhosis.


The conjugate equations of the one-dimensional cascade theory are solved for the second moments of the number of particles in a cascade in air, iron, and lead at threshold energies 0.1--1 MeV and primary energies 1--10/sup 6/ GeV. A comparison is made with the results of a number of other studies, obtained with the aid of analytic methods and by the Monte Carlo method.


Background/aim: Hair dye containing paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is commonly used in Sudan as cosmetic agent. The direct toxic effect of PPD can lead to many pathological problems. Therefore, present study aimed to investigate some hematological and biochemical parameters in Sudanese who exposed to hair dye poisoning. Patients/methods: A cross sectional hospital -based study was conducted in Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) HospitalKhartoum, 30 PPDpoisoned patients who were admitted for clinical management were enrolled in the study. Clinical manifestations were examined by clinician in the Hospital. Full blood count, renal function tests, and liver function tests were performed for each patient. Results: Among the total included 30 patients, there were 27 (90%) females and 3(10%) were males. All patients were exposed to PPD via Oral route (100%). The main causes of exposure were suicidal attempts in (86.7%), accidental (13.3%). Types of dye used were Bigen (26.7%), Stone dye (26.7%) and Indian account about (46.6%). Clinical manifestation observed were; vomiting/abdominal pain 66.7%, edema of the face/neck 16.7%, swelling hard tongue 6.7%, chocolate brown urine 6.7%, and skin dermatitis 3.3%. Normocytic normochromic anaemia with reticulocytosis was detected in 3 (10%), leukocytosis (66.7%), prominent neutrophilia (83.3%), and neutrophil hyper-segmentation was observed in all cases (100%). Thrombocytopenia were observed in 10% , 96.7% had hairy platelets and anisocytosis. High levels of urea and creatinine were noticed in one patient (3%), hypokalemia in 30%, and hypernatremia in 10%. Elevated Liver enzymes were : AST 76.7%, ALT 46.7%, and ALP 10%. However, total protein were normal in all patients. Conclusion: In Sudan, hair dye poisoning is more frequent among young adult female. Toxic effect of PPD poisoning causes morphological and numerical changes in all blood cells and some effect in liver and renal functions. Attention toward the health education programs to provide information on the risk of hair dyes poisoning, also support of analytical equipments that assist in the diagnosis and management of such cases.


After more than a century the rare blind snake genus Xenotyphlops Wallach & Ineich (1996) has been rediscovered in Madagascar, with the collection of a specimen from the arid northern part of the country. This represents only the third known Xenotyphlops specimen and establishes the first precise locality for the genus. As it differs from Xenotyphlops grandidieri (Mocquard) in several external and numerous internal features, it is here described as a new species.


To explore whether stress is associated with the undergraduates' implicit aggression, and whether this relation is gender differences, 133 subjects were divided into two groups, namely, high stress group and low stress group, according to the College Stress Scale (CSS) mean scores, using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure different sexual undergraduate students' implicit aggression within different groups. The result revealed that higher stress will result in higher implicit aggression, and gender differences do not exist in implicit aggression.


This paper examines the impact of modern civilization on the socio-political and religious development of the African people using Igbo Community as an example. The study is descriptive in nature and as such, our source of data collection is secondary source. Content analysis was used to evaluate the information gathered. The paper agrees with the position of Akude (1992) that in every society, there are institutions and agencies which act as instruments for coordinating various socio-political and economic activities within such a society. It holds that the advent of modern civilization impacted positively on the socio-political and religious development of the Igbo people.


Innovation has always been regarded as an important element for the growth and survival of firm. With the rise of global competition, business changes brought about by the internet, and an increasing need for companies to realize the value of intangible assets. Patent, as one of the indicators of intellectual properties, is suitable for measuring the technology capabilities and innovation performance of corporations. This study bases on resource-base theory and evolutionary economics, and sample patent information of Taiwan's semiconductor industry, the optoelectronics industry and the electronic components industry over the past decade, to observe the direction of innovation activities. This study use panel data analysis to discuss the relationship among patent right, innovation diversity and firm's performance. Results of this study show: (1) the cumulative long-term patents for business influence is greater than just short-term patents, it shows patent rights have characteristics of diffusion; (2) Different industries in directions of innovation strategy will be different, however, firms should place importance on core technology when they consider R&D portfolio.


In the paper is presented the influence of admixture of some polymers to gypsum pastes upon the basic technical characteristics of plastics obtained from synthetic gypsum. It has been found that polymers exert a positive influence upon the improvement of resistance to humidification processes of gypsum plastics.


Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Clusters by Cangshan Xu Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Professor Daniel M. Neumark, Chair 1 Semiconductor and related clusters are studied by anion photoelectron spectroscopy. Vibration ally-resolved photoelectron spectra of carbon (C4-, C6-, and Cg-) and silicon (Sh Si? -) clusters were measured at various photodetachment wavelengths. Electron affinities, term energies, and vibrational frequencies for the ground and excited electronic states of the neutral clusters have been obtained. The assignments of excited electronic states were aided by ab initio calculations, as well as measurements of photoelectron angular distributions. Besides clusters of pure elements, mixed group 111-V clusters are also investigated. Small indium phosphide clusters having 2-8 atoms are studied using anion photoelectron spectroscopy of InxPy(x,y = 1-4). Both ground and low-lying electronic states of the neutral clusters are observed. Electron affinities are determined from the spectra. An electronic gap is shown in the even cluster anion spectra.


Operational management of the construction is usually based on information analysis systems, which are aimed at the monitoring of working schedule and volumes as consistent with predicated schedules. The result of such systems' operation is traditional information graphics (diagrams, charts, etc.), which provides idea on the current state of the construction site and deviations from the planned settings. The author considers the visualization technology of construction of objects using an image of the situation on the AutoCAD drawings, converted into an interactive format. The article focuses on imperfections of the existing technologies of information support of the managers. The creation of unified IT platform is offered on the basis of CAD for creating an integrated information storage and visualization of the environment using electronic drawings and diagrams. Using interactive methods it is possible to illustrate the condition of almost any part of the construction project using these drawings and diagrams. E-drawings contain the basic information resources estimates, plans, sections, specifications, technology, construction, etc. necessary for the calculation of indicators. The author proved that implementation of visualization is most efficient in case of electronic drawings in 3D format.


Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology ¦ Volume 20 ¦ Issue 4 ¦ October-December 2017 434 8. Yaraghi A, Eizadi-Mood N, Salehi M, Massoumi G, Zunic L, Sabzghabaee AM, et al. Risk factors and the outcome of therapy in patients with seizure after carbamazepine poisoning: A two-year cross-sectional study. J Res Pharm Pract 2015;4:18-23. 9. Perucca E, Gram L, Avanzini G, Dulac O. Antiepileptic drugs as a cause of worsening seizures. Epilepsia 1998;39:5-17. Access this article online


African leaders declared a total war on HIV/AIDS during the African Development Forum on the theme "AIDS: Africas greatest challenge" highlighting both the seriousness of the crisis and the key role of political leadership in combating it. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 25 million of the 36 million people living with HIV/AIDS. Out of the cumulative total of nearly 22 million AIDS deaths worldwide 16 million were African. The Forum participants including African presidents and prime ministers adopted a collective commitment to confront HIV/AIDS as the continents biggest development challenge. Their consensus sets a general framework of action and calls for greater financial commitment from the international community in the form of grants rather than loans; more transparent national budgeting for HIV/AIDS programs; a substantial reduction in the prices of antiretroviral medicines and a continent-wide strategy to ensure provision of affordable essential drugs and treatments; and the expansion of debt relief as an important source of anti-AIDS funding.


The famous physicist's answer to a Hollywood high schooler's letter went viral 65 years ago. The famous physicist's answer to a Hollywood high schooler's letter went viral 65 years ago.


Abstract:  A Middle Jurassic fossil forest, thought to have been growing at high southern palaeolatitudes on the Gondwana margin, is described from New Zealand. Fossil stump horizons are exposed in stratigraphic section within the Urawitiki Measures Formation, Murihiku Supergroup. Tree bases were preserved by silica permineralisation in a sandy braided river setting. Fossil wood is referred to 'abietinean‐type' and Agathoxylon. A total of 238 stumps were mapped with measured diameters allowing tree height estimates of 9–40 m. A two‐dimensional area (102 m2) allows an interpretation of tree density (2353 trees/ha), biomass (579 t/ha) and stand basal area (146 m2). This horizon is interpreted as a highly productive, young, dense tree stand probably actively regenerating on a flood‐cleared surface. Annual growth rings suggest a clearly defined growing season with a rapid onset of favourable temperature, light and water supply conditions at the start and a similarly rapid deterioration at the end. Mean ring width is 1·10 mm and the maximum 9·67 mm. Mean Sensitivity values suggest both 'complacent' and 'sensitive' growth patterns. Broad palaeoclimate interpretations suggest a humid, warm regional climate throughout the growing season.


Affiliation 1 is incorrect. It should be: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America


The main directions of historical research in the 19th–21th centuries are discussed. The peculiarities of the historiographical tradition of studying the issues of Old Believers of the Orthodox Church and their interaction with each other are revealed. It is discovered that pre-revolutionary studies covered these issues in passing. Pre-revolutionary historiography presented a sufficiently large number of researchers, they were diverse in case studies. Religious life was controlled by government officials and the Church throughout the country, not taking into account the large territory of the country and people of different religious denominations. In general, the question of Old Belief was given much attention by scholars, but in Soviet times this practice ceased.The Soviet researchers of historical professions studied superficially both religion and Old Believers. A characteristic feature was the traditional anti-clerical approach in all the works of Soviet authors. All scientific works considered the problem only one-sidedly and from the standpoint of ideological bias. Soviet society called for the stabilization of life, and if a person was a religious person or an Old Believer, the government officials forced the renunciation of a religious faith and religious convictions. Apparently, this was the reason why a small number of studies of religion and Old Believers appeared in the Soviet period. It is concluded that the key researcher insights were significant in the post-Soviet period.After independence of Ukraine among Ukrainian historians, interest in studying history and Old Belief increased. A difficult task for Ukrainian historians is a departure from the Soviet period and the adoption of a new methodological approach that will differ from the traditional imperial representation. In the field of interests of historians are revealed such issues as settling and population, missionary activities and the religious community of Old Believers. However, the issues of spiritual, social and economic life of Old Believer communities still remain open. The prospects of further study of this topic in domestic science are illustrated.Keywords: historiography, the Orthodox Church, schism, Old Belief


On the basis of human engineering,information received by drivers is divided into road geometry information,road traffic information,traffic operations information,climate and environmental information and driver's information.The information processing model is presented according to driver information processing capacity while driving,and the speed limit value calculation method is put forward.Considering the lane width,number of lanes open,isolation facilities,the opportunity to merge,collusion and conflicts affecting truck drivers information receiving as the quantitative impacts,it is testified by a typical entrance work zone of an expressway,the theoretical speed limit value is 50km/h with high precision,compared with the application value 55km/h,which provides a useful tool for operation administration of expressway.


The impact of power electronics controls in the near future will be staggering. The author present applications including commercial, residential, industrial and transportation areas. Also, some of the on-going research and development efforts of EPRI are discussed. >


Paper presents the problem of heating the damaged insulation of an orbiter.
 Changes of the insulation?s thermal properties, made by adding conductive
 material of high value of specific heat in a form of a dope to the
 protective layer, were examined. An iterative algorithm determining a
 variable of dope concentration in the material was developed. Insulating
 material LI900 was used for calculations. Determination of distribution of
 conductive material concentration was made for materials which, after
 verification, demonstrated the most beneficial effect on protective
 properties of the modified insulation layer. Change of properties was to
 enable time extension of the LI900 insulation tile heating up to the maximal
 temperature and, additionally, to lowering this temperature.


"There is something that it is like to be a reviewer." I am conscious and aware of having internal subjective states. I have a "mind." Until recently, our hubris supposed that this subjective self-...


Recent and constant demands for greater power densities and smaller sizes of electronic systems have stimulated the growth of new designs of different passive heat transfer methods such as heat pipes. Particularly, OHPs (Oscillating Heat Pipes) are relatively novel devices, capable of removing high heat rates over long and short distances with not much temperature drop. This study concentrates on the design, building and assembling a test rig in order to analyse the flow pattern of deionised water through a 5 turns flat plate oscillating heat pipe under different heat inputs, which was made in the school of engineering and materials science of the Queen Mary University of London by two energy M.Sc. students. The filling ratio of the water is 40%. Furthermore an experimental study on the OHP thermal performance is carried out in order to examine the effects of different surface wet conditions: super hydrophilic, hydrophilic and cleaned brass. It is demonstrated the formation of liquid slugs and vapour plugs of the water along the channels. The experimental results showed that the hydrophilic surface tends to be more energy efficient. The heat transfer performance of the super-hydrophilic and hydrophilic is higher than brass by 5-12% and 15-20% respectively.


The Klein tunneling phenomenon, describing an unimpeded crossing of particles through higher potential barriers, is supported in graphene due to its unique form of wavefunctions and dispersion. Recently, a classical analogue of this quantum phenomenon was suggested in an acoustic metamaterial, which was not constrained by a graphene-like structure, but had a specific form of effective constitutive parameters, obtained by a targeted design of its unit cells. Here I present a realization of this analogue in a basic mechanical mass-spring metamaterial, where the tunneling parameters are obtained in a programmed real-time control operation.


Currently, there are thousands of spills of petroleum products and their components, which have different concentrations of harmful substances, therefore, one of the most important environmental problems is the pollution of hydrographic facilities. The main source of pollution of water areas are accidental oil spills that occur during the extraction and transportation of petroleum products. They are a significant threat to water pollution and the reduction of species of marine life. This problem determines the relevance in the study of the state of hydrographic objects in the area of oil production according to remote sensing of the Earth. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to identify the state of the Usa and Kolva rivers using PlanetScope space images taken at different times. The object of the study is the Usa River and its tributary Kolva, the state of which, as studies show, is very critical.


⎯Home energy management systems (HEMs) are used to provide comfortable life for consumers as well as to save energy. An essential component of HEMs is a home area network (HAN) that is used to remotely control the electric devices at homes and buildings. Although HAN prices have dropped in recent years but they are still expensive enough to prohibit a mass scale deployment. In this paper, a very low cost alternative to the expensive HANs is presented. We have applied a combination of non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) and very low cost one-way HAN to develop a HEM. By using NILM and machine learning algorithms we find the status of devices and their energy consumption from a central meter and communicate with devices through the one-way HAN. The evaluations show that the proposed machine learning algorithm for NILM achieves up to 99% accuracy in certain cases. On the other hand our radio frequency (RF)-based one-way HAN achieves a range of 80 feet in all settings. Index Terms⎯Adaptive boosting, home area network, home energy management, non-intrusive load management, radio frequency, wireless.


We present a framework for enforcing the application of context-aware Role-based Access Control policies based on an Internet of Things eco-system inspired by the Google's Physical Web. In this setting we are interested in capturing three contextual dimensions, namely whowhere-when, and using these information to restrict access to shared resources. Formally, the framework consists of features types, an automatabased model of time-sensiitive roles, context-aware permission rules, and an IoT infrastructure based on Eddystone Beacons for validating a policy against the current state of users.


Current mainstream macroeconomics focuses on short-term aggregate analysis on economic fluctuations, with the long-term production structure out of sight.While Austrian school based on capital theory and thence intertermporal allocation of resources,provides an alternative structural explanation of fluctuation.In Austrian vein,this paper builds a simple model,and hopefully it can incorporate money-credit factors in analyzing fluctuation in the further research.