The timing precision attainable with large liquid scintillation detectors has been studied. Such detectors have slow rise‐times (∼10−8 sec) compared with those used in conventional nuclear physics timing experiments. The rise‐time is a result of photon time of flight and transit time in the larger, slower photomultipliers (such as the Dumont 6364) which must be used for good light collection. However, timing errors due to rise‐time may be largely overcome when dealing with large, statistically smooth pulses such as are encountered in cosmic‐ray experiments with unstable particles. A simple correction based on the pulse height is applied to each time measurement. Using this technique a timing error curve is obtained with a standard deviation of 1.6 mμsec for a large detector using a Dumont 6364.


This work investigates the impact of no license renewal for both reactors of Bulgaria's Kozloduy nuclear power plant. High spatial and temporal resolution power flow simulations for ten interconnected countries in central and southeastern Europe are conducted for 2016–2020. To account for new wind capacity, a novel approach that optimizes wind turbine placement in each new wind power plant and ranks the wind plants in terms of financial performance is used. It is shown that as the reactors are decommissioned, generation in Bulgaria shifts towards coal. CO2 emissions increase by 20% in 2020 compared to 2013. Electricity prices increase by 10% and 25%, respectively, with one and two reactors shutdown. Bulgaria changes from being a net exporter to an importer. Nevertheless, security of supply in terms of covering demand through imports is not compromised.


To the Editor. —With deep interest I read the article of Dr. Kalina "Increased Intraocular Pressure Following Subconjunctival Corticosteroid Administration" (ArchOphthal 81 :788-790, 1969). I wondered rather, why the steroid glaucoma due to the subconjuctival corticosteroids administration was hitherto little noticed. In 1964, after the subconjunctival injection of 5 mg of cortisone, I observed an increase of the intraocular pressure with a decrease of the facility of outflow, which was in 8 glaucomatous eyes, with a statistically significant difference greater than in 12 normal eyes, as cited in detail by Lieb et al (in Peterson, G. et al: Drug Mechanism in Glaucoma , London J. & A. Churchill Ltd., 1966, p 115-117).


This paper develops the auto-slice module in visual c++ 6.0 platform based on third part development of UG to extract the outline information from CAD model.Besides good performance,it also makes in-depth research on questions involved in the development process.


We study the principal and nonprincipal ultra L-filters on a nonempty set X,where L is a completely distributive lattice with order reversing involution. Using this notion we study the topological properties of principal and nonprincipal ultra Ltopologies. If X has n elements and L is a finite pseudo complemented lattice or a Boolean lattice, there are n(n − 1)mk principal ultra L-topoogies, where m is the number of dual atoms and k is the number of atoms. If X is infinite, there are |X| principal ultra L-topologies and |X| nonprincipal ultra L-topologies.


In-depth studies on the interaction of nonthermal plasmas with microorganisms usually focus on bacteria; only little attention has been given to their effects on more complex eukaryotic cells. We report here nonthermal plasma's effects on cell motility, viability staining, and morphology of eukaryotic microalgae, with three marine dinoflagellates and a marine diatom as major targets. The effects on motility and viability staining depended on the time of exposure to plasma and the species of microalgae. We observed a strong pH decrease in aqueous samples (marine and freshwater algal cultures, their culture media, and deionized water) after exposure to plasma, and hypothesized this decreased pH as the principal mechanism by which plasma exerts its deleterious effects on cells in aqueous media. The hypothesis was supported by results of experiments in which decreasing the pH of algal samples (effected by addition of acid) caused the same morphological damage (as determined with scanning-electron microscopy) as did exposure to plasma.


Abstract : The present work conducted at the Holston Army Ammunition Plant in Kingsport, Tennessee was performed by Battelle's Columbus Laboratories in order to determine the toxicity of five wastewaters associated with a pilot biological treatment plant. Manufacturing wastewaters from both Area A and Area B were mixed in a ratio of 1:9 by volume, respectively. This mixture was then treated by two biological systems - the 3A system which consisted of an activated sludge chamber and the 6A system which contained both a trickling filter and an activated sludge chamber. Work performed at HAAP included on-site 96-hour static acute LC50 bioassay tests using fathead minnows. Solutions tested were Area A wastes, Area B wastes, the A+B mixture, the 3A system effluent and the 6A system effluent. Quantitative analyses of RDX, HMX, TNT, and COD in the test waters were also conducted in conjunction with each test. Other water quality parameters monitored by HAAP personnel were correlated with munitions constituents and fish mortality. In-house Ames Spot tests were conducted on all wastewaters from the HAAP pilot plant. The overall results of the on-site bioassay tests indicate that biological treatment, either activated sludge or the combination trickling-filter-activated sludge does reduce the toxicity of the HAAP manufacturing wastewaters.


The HARP experiment at CERN is performing extensive measurements of hadron production cross sections and secondary particle yields in the energy range 1.5-15 GeV over the full solid angle, using a large set of cryogenic and solid targets. The hadron production in this region is a relevant ingredient in several branches of neutrino physics, including the characterization of neutrino beams, precise prediction of atmospheric neutrino fluxes, and quantification of pion production and capture for neutrino factory design. An overall precision of a few percent is required from the experiment to reach the final aim. The experimental layout comprises two spectrometers to perform momentum measurement of the secondaries produced in the target. The track momentum reconstruction in the spectrometers is complemented by a set of particle identification detectors that allow, with some redundancy, the particle type discrimination. Approximately 30 TB of data corresponding to 420 millions of events have been collected. The measurements of hadron production cross sections in the forward region (up to about 250 mrad) are reported using the K2K replica targets and a proton beam of 12.9 GeV/c. This is an appealing physics case given the immediate interest for those experiments and for the neutrino community.


Amidst the general controversy surrounding public— private partnerships (PPPs) in lower-income countries, there has been little consideration of the successes and failures of international private operators in serving the urban poor, a subset of the overall task in any concession contract. This paper reports on research undertaken over a number of years in target communities, completed recently through private operator head office interviews, investigating the techniques and approaches used to serve slums with clean water. Following the demise of the PPP 'experiment' and with the present one billion slum dwellers projected to increase to two billion over the next generation, there is a clear need for these 'better practice' experiences to be made accessible to, and used by, public sector operators for whom serving the poor is the only real justification for their existence—the rich always find a way to access what they need.


The Future Circular Collider study creates a conceptual design for a post-LHC particle accelerator using 16 T superconducting dipoles to achieve collision energies of up to 100 TeV in a 90 km circumference ring. A copper-coated beam screen, similar to that used in the LHC, is planned. However, the undertaken research indicates that copper at the high working temperature of 50 K has a strong influence on the accelerator's performance, particularly at injection energy. In this work, we relate the experimentally determined properties of REBCO-coated conductors with their potential performance in the FCC-hh beam screen. Specifically, we use a round pipe approximation to demonstrate that a beam screen coated with a combination of REBCO and copper can have a much lower resistive wall impedance than one using only copper. The reduction is substantial (several orders of magnitude), and is observed in both the longitudinal and transverse wall impedance. Such a reduction has important effects on beam stability, operating costs, potential reduction in beam screen size, and lowering the stringent specifications of the 16 T magnets required for the Future Circular Hadron Collider.


Spectral characteristics of alkali halide crystals activated with indiunn, lead, and tin in the presence of high concentrations of the activator and other defects in the host lattice, were investigated. In phosphors in which the radins of the activator is larger than that of the cation of the host crystal two types of luminescence centers were discovered. (auth)


Since its release as an IEC standard series, the OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) has become a widely adopted platform for both vertical and horizontal communications as well as data exchange in cyber-physical systems (CPS). A key benefit of OPC UA is its extensible object model, which offers the possibility to define custom information models, which may represent a specific production domain. As these generally represent interfaces for other applications, comprehensible documentation is an essential requirement in most cases.In this paper, we describe an approach to document, maintain and compare versions of OPC UA information models generated from existing code artifacts in the domain of serial machinery engineering. Base for the contribution of this work is the prototype of a documentation and model comparison tool (NodeDoc). We will describe its usage context and requirements as well as its main features. In addition, we discuss encountered challenges and provide insights into proposed solutions along with relevant lessons learned during the development of NodeDoc.


attack on cancer by surgery, x-rays and radium, obviously these agents can succeed in curing the disease ,,; ] only when they can completely remove or destroy all of it, and even if successful may leave the patient badly mutilated. Hence the constant efforts to learn the forces controlling normal and abnormal growth, reflected now in this country by the organization of the Committee on Growth of the Division of Medical Sciences of the National Research Council. The Committee on Growth quite properly has panels on widely diversified branches of knowledge pertaining to growth, such as enzymes, protein chemistry, botany and genetics. Naturally one important aspect of the investigations of factors influencing abnormal growth is a study of the possibility that various agents introduced into the body as a whole may selectively affect neoplastic cells


This chapter explores British composer and pianist Robert Keeley's Five Songs on Poems by Stevie Smith (2000). The distinctive flavour of Stevie Smith's poems—wistful, fey, and mordantly perceptive by turn—is captured in music of fluency and confidence, the subtle layers of the texts unpeeled with skill and empathy. Though the range indicates a mezzo, one or two high-lying repeated fragments do require the special lightness and agility more usually found in sopranos. The lowest notes, however, must have 'bite', and a weightier, more dramatic voice will have the advantage in riding the denser textures of the final song. The singer needs to be versatile, able to convey unaffected joy, bitter foreboding, and heart-on-sleeve longing, with the lithe, quirky exuberance of Song No. 3 ('Le Singe qui swing') providing a cheerful interlude. In general, lines move easily and cover a wide range. Keeley has a penchant for repeated, catchy 'motto' fragments in both voice and piano. These linger in the memory and contribute to a disciplined, clear structural impression.


In the changed economic and technological environment libraries must review critically their operation and services. A solution to the emerging problems might be the formation of an electronic library. It starts with the creation of computer catalogues of local library collections, and it incorporates also electronic document delivery, interlibrary loan services, use of external databases either online or as CD-ROMs. It is very important to be able to access rarities of the human cultural heritage, manuals, and other delicate documents through networks, especially through the Internet. A new opportunity is offered by electronic publishing. Answering the question at the beginning of the paper, it is far from being a luxury to access scientific information directly, by developing the proper environment, the electronic library.


Objective The DEK protein is involved in viral infection,tumors and autoimmune diseases,but hitherto no report has been seen on its correlation with gastric cancer. The authors explored the correlation of the expression and pathobiological characteristics of DEK in gastric cancer using gastric cancer tissue microarray to provide a new biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Methods We made tissue chips from 121 specimens of gastric cancer and 39 of normal mucosa gastric tissues,and determined the expression of the DEK protein in the two groups of tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive expression of the DEK protein was found in 68. 9%( 86 /121) of gastric cancer cases,with significant differences from the normal control( 5. 1%)( P 0. 001) as well as between the early and advanced carcinoma groups( P 0. 001). The rates of positive DEK expression were 66. 7%,69. 7%,71. 4% and 80. 0% in the tissues of histopathologically grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,respectively,with remarkable differences between Ⅰ and Ⅳ( P 0. 05),and 57. 1% in the 49 cases of early gastric cancer,significantly lower than 78. 6% in the 14 cases with muscular layer invasion and 81. 0% in the 58 cases with serosa and peripheral invasion( P 0. 001). The positive rates were 82. 6% and 41. 4% in the 92 cases with and 29 without lymph node metastasis( P 0. 001),and 79. 5% and 66. 2% in the 44 with and 77 without distant metastasis( P 0. 05). Conclusion High expression of the DEK protein plays an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer,which is closely correlated with the histologic type,infiltration degree,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of the disease,and can be used as a novel marker in the early diagnosis and prognosis of gastric carcinomas.


Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether sleeping time of working days and the percentage of night shift are associated with nurses' job strain and burnout. Methods We recruited female nursing staff from district hospitals in Taiwan. We obtained demographic information, working conditions, job content questionnaire (JCQ), and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) using a self-administered questionnaire, focusing on job strain, personal or generic burnout, work-related burnout, and client-related burnout. A multivariate logistic model was performed. Important confounders such as age, educational level, occupational category, regular excise habit, and major earner of family were adjusted. Results A total of 1235 nurses responded satisfactorily and were eligible for the final analysis. The adjusted OR for high strain was associated with sleeping ≤5 h per working day and percentage of night shift in last year 10% were 1.59 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.39) and 1.32 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.70). The adjusted OR for high personal or generic burnout due to sleeping ≤5 h per working day was 2.37 (95% CI 1.09 to 6.23). The adjusted OR for high client burnout due to sleeping ≤5 h per working day was 1.86 (95% CI 1.16 to 3.08). Conclusions This study identifies associations between shorter sleeping h per working day and higher percentage of night shift in last year. In addition, only shorter sleeping time per working day is associated with personal or generic burnout and client-related burnout. Further investigation on how the working conditions of nurses could be improved is warranted.


To compare quality of life (QOL) of patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery (TORS) alone, with adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), or adjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in the treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCCA).


Transforming growth factor (cid:2) (TGF- (cid:2) )-induced migration of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells is dependent on nuclear export of the orphan receptor NR4A1, which plays a role in proteasome-dependent degradation of SMAD7. In this study, we show that TGF- (cid:2) induces p38 (cid:3) (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 [MAPK14]), which in turn phosphorylates NR4A1, resulting in nuclear export of the receptor. TGF- (cid:2) /p38 (cid:3) and NR4A1 also play essential roles in the induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induction of (cid:2) -catenin in TNBC cells, and these TGF- (cid:2) -induced responses and nuclear export of NR4A1 are blocked by NR4A1 antagonists, the p38 inhibitor SB202190, and kinase-dead [p38(KD)] and dominant-negative [p38(DN)] forms of p38 (cid:3) . Inhibition of NR4A1 nuclear export results in nuclear export of TGF- (cid:2) -induced (cid:2) -catenin, which then undergoes proteasome-dependent degradation. TGF- (cid:2) -induced (cid:2) -catenin also regulates NR4A1 expression through formation of the (cid:2) -catenin–TCF-3/TCF-4/LEF-1 complex on the NR4A1 promoter. Thus, TGF- (cid:2) -induced nuclear export of NR4A1 in TNBC cells plays an essential role in cell migration, SMAD7 degradation, EMT, and induction of (cid:2) -catenin, and all of these pathways are inhibited by bis-indole-derived NR4A1 antagonists that inhibit nuclear export of the receptor and thereby block TGF- (cid:2) migration factor for activation of SMAD7 degradation. This model was derived from studies on inflammatory-cytokine-induced MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion and showed that cytokine-induced NR4A1 was necessary for SMAD7 degradation and TGF- (cid:2) -induced migration/invasion. Studies in our laboratory have investigated NR4A1-dependent prooncogenic pathways in breast and other cancer cell lines, and we have developed 1,1-bis(3-indolyl)-1-( p -substituted phenyl) methane (C-DIM) NR4A1 ligands that act as NR4A1 antagonists in cancer cell lines and tumors (12–19). In MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we demonstrated that basal migration/invasion are dependent on NR4A1-regulated expression of (cid:2) 1-integrin, which can be inhibited by C-DIM/NR4A1 antagonist (19). TGF- (cid:2) markedly enhances MDA-MB-231 cell migration/invasion, and as previously reported (11), we observed that this response is NR4A1 dependent and could also be inhibited by C-DIM/NR4A1 antagonists (12). Our studies demonstrated that the key inhibitory effect of the NR4A1 antagonist is to block nuclear export of NR4A1 and thereby prevent interactions with the cytosolic axin2/RNF12/Arkadia/SMAD7 complex. In this study, we further investigated the critical and essential role of NR4A1 in regulating TGF- (cid:2) -induced migration/invasion, and we show that TGF- (cid:2) -induced nuclear export of NR4A1 is dependent on activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. We also show that TGF- (cid:2) induces expression of both NR4A1 and (cid:2) -catenin, and these responses are also p38 dependent. However, induction of NR4A1 by TGF- (cid:2) is dependent on (cid:2) -catenin and its interactions with LEF1/TCF3 and TCF4 bound to the NR4A1 promoter. These of SMAD7, and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 also blocked the TGF- (cid:2) -induced response. Moreover, TGF- (cid:2) and p38(CA) alone or in combination also decreased SMAD7 protein, and this was blocked by MG132, whereas p38(KD) and p38(DN) alone or in combination with TGF- (cid:2) did not affect SMAD7 expression (Fig. 5C). Thus, treatment with TGF- (cid:2) did not overcome or rescue the cells from the effects of p38(KD) or p38(DN). These results show that TGF- (cid:2) and p38-induced nuclear export of NR4A1 is necessary to activate the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (Arkadia, NR4A1, RNF12, and axin2) and for proteasome-dependent degradation of SMAD7. This was also confirmed by examination of SMAD7 ubiquitination. Inhibitors that blocked nuclear export of NR4A1 (Fig. 5D) and inactivation of p38 (Fig. 5E and F) all inhibited TGF- (cid:2) -induced ubiquitination of SMAD7, which appears as a streaking band in the gel, which is typical of blots containing multiple polyubiquiti-nated proteins. In addition, we also show that TGF- (cid:2) -induced ubiquitination is partially blocked by axin2 knockdown and completely inhibited by knockdown of Arkadia and RNF12 (Fig. 5G). The results demonstrate the importance of members of the ubiquitin ligase complex in mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of SMAD7 and the inhibition of SMAD7 degradation by NR4A1 antagonists and inhibition of p38.


. The ciliated protozoon Tetrahymena patula can be grown in a chemically defined medium supplemented with a suitable lipid. High purity natural phosphoiipids; mono-, di-, and triglycerides: and free fatty acids are suitable lipids. The more complete lipids appear to serve simply as nutritionally convenient sources of fatty acids. T. patula can also be grown in the synthetic medium supplemented with cholesterol or other sterols in lieu of fatty acid containing lipids. Supplementation with either ethanolamine or choline permits suboptimal growth of the ciliate in a lipid-free synthetic medium. No other water soluble compound, of a variety that were tested, permitted growth of the ciliate in the lipid-free medium.


Theoretically, student loans are a powerful mechanism to raise higher education, yet, in practice these are perceived as schemes associated with high default rates, and its practicality is questioned. Nonetheless, this paper reviews the Colombian Institute of Educational Credit and Training Abroad (ICETEX) success in higher education finance, and, in mobilizing resources from students, parents, universities, private sector participation, and government institutions at all levels, including ICETEX own investments. It examines Colombia's background in the past 40 years, which not unlike many Latin American countries, faced financial constraints, as well as inequitable access across socioeconomic groups. ICETEX legal, administrative, and financial structures are analyzed, along with its loan portfolio, and interest income. Indicators determine the student's socioeconomic status, and an equal distribution across regions, - taking into account differing population densities, it proportionately provides more aid to less privileged areas - and, assigns priority to disciplines deemed important to Colombia's economic development. Lessons are provided, and it concludes ICETEX is a proven example that educational financing can achieve success, ensuring the likelihood of repayment capacity. The challenge is now to increase loan recovery, while expanding its coverage.


The purpose of the this study was to investigate the effects of occupation and exercise on muscle mass of the men leg muscle groups. As test subjects, 123 males at the age ranging from 20 to 84 were used. The subjects were grouped by age intervals of 10 years. The cross-sectional area(CSA) of muscular Psoas major and femoral muscle(extensor) was measured in the subjects using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). The questionnaire responded a mode of living form composed of bygone job, activities and experience of exercise. As a result of study, the CSA of Psoas major showed a significantly lower value from 45's(32.8±4.5㎠, 20's yer vs. 27.4±6.1㎠, p<.05), from 45's in the extensor (72.8±4.7㎠, 20's yer vs. 63.6±6.7㎠, p<.05). Many of the elderly subjects showing a higher value than the average one were engaged in agriculture by occupation containing high-intensity quick anaerobic actions though not having their exercising habit at all. These results indicate the importance of high-intensity quick actions such as resistance training to prevent the cross-sectional Psoas major area from diminishing with aging.


Models as representations of real world e ntities may appear to the novice to be an unnecessa ry abstraction. Indeed, in small organizations where t here are relatively few processes, there is little n ed to abstract activities. When it comes to large organiz at ons, with hundreds or thousands of processes, th e creation of models becomes an essential activity. E ven if the process itself does not change in the fo rm of new process re-engineering efforts or new applications, there are new employees and contractors who must l earn how things work to become effective new members of the organization's human resource team. Without a roadmap that tells these new team members what goes on in their sections, and how their activity integ rates into the overall activity of the organization, empl oyees can develop a silo mentality that ignores the gr ater operation. This paper provides insight into how kno wledge of business processes can be captured in a notation that standardizes the way we view activiti es within the organization. The process modeling no tations of the Object Management Group (OMG) are the primar y focus.


Fences are used all over the world to protect areas against unauthorized access. While most fences meet these requirements by building a physical and psychological barrier against intruders, this is not sufficient for areas of particular interest like restricted areas of an airport or construction sites with expensive goods. To detect intruders we integrate wireless sensor nodes into a fence. We fulfill the requirements for real-world energy-awareness by using active sensors with configurable logic, power saving modes like WOR and power down modes. The sensor nodes are capable of differentiating between several events, with the appliance of a distributed classification algorithm. We present an energy-aware platform for a distributed fence surveillance system in a wireless sensor network. We report on our experience in creating a platform that is concerning energy and performance demands and specifically tailored for the purpose of fence surveillance including fully integrated housing.


This study investigates the optimal setting of green times for traffic lights in an isolated intersection with the purpose of minimizing congestion. A machine learning method forms the backbone of the proposed method. Here, Q-learning is applied for signal light timing to minimize total delay. It is assumed that an intersection behaves similar to an intelligent agent learning to plan green times in each cycle using current traffic information. Compared to previous studies in this field, we expand the state space and innovatively set the reward to the average difference between traffic that enters the intersection and the queue length in the corresponding links. In contrast to previous studies, it is also assumed that the cycle time is variable. The performance of the proposed method is comprehensively compared with two traditional alternatives for controlling traffic lights. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method significantly reduces the total delay in the network when compared to the alternative methods.


DNA is used to rationally build up networks of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) based on the molecular recognition properties of complementary sequences. Network self-assembly is controlled from DNA covalently grafted at the surface of chemically modified SiNPs. Two strategies are compared, where grafted DNA sequences are designed in a three-strand system using noncomplementary sequences and an extra DNA linker, or in a two-strand approach for direct hybridization. In this paper, both systems are compared in terms of DNA hybridization stability, network size, and three-dimensional organization using a combination of dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. The observed differences are discussed in terms of hybridization interactions between DNA sequences in particle-free systems through fluorescence, circular dichroism, and UV spectroscopy techniques.


In this paper, we design a compressed sensing (CS) based channel estimation method for millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems and investigate the impact of dual-wideband effect (frequency-wideband and spatial-wideband) that appears in large array communications. Specifically, we adopt the off-grid sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) that directly works on the continuous angle-delay parameter domain and avoids the basis mismatch problem. Hence, the proposed method achieves better channel estimation accuracy compared to most state-of-the-art algorithms that rely on on-grid CS approach. Moreover, the proposed method could successfully handle the spatial-wideband effect (sometimes known as beam squint effect) for wideband massive MIMO communications that was previously ignored by many existing literatures. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.


Two pot experiments were conducted in this study during the period of 2015 to 2017. The first pot experiment was conducted, during the winter, of 2015/2016 to test the effect of inoculation with nine actinomycete isolates on phosphorous uptake and growth of wheat (Triticum Sativa) plants in sandy calcareous soil and choose the best of two actinomycete isolates.


The author addresses critical questions surrounding the debate over industry policy, focusing on three high-technology industries A¢Â€Â" semiconductors and computers, civil aircraft, and nuclear power A¢Â€Â" in Japan, West Germany, Britain, France, and the United States.


Wehaveextended ourintegral measurement system withluminescent screen (IMLS) [1] forpulsed operation ofplanar coldcathodes. TheIMLSservesforintegral current measurements atconstant voltage andadjustable electrode spacing. Itprovides time-efficient conditioning ofthefield emission cathodes andimages/videos oftheemitter distribution, thus revealing current fluctuations andlong-term instabilities atdifferent pressures andgasspecies [2]. DC operation ofcarbon nanotubes (CNT)athighvoltages, however, hasoften shown discharges especially incaseofstrong current switches. Since indcoperation typical power loads ofsomewatts/cm2 causedischarges by"phosphor" evaporation, pulse operation might beadvantageous fortesting aswell asforsomeapplications [3]. Inorder toreduce current fluctuations andprevent discharges ofthecathodes weusea pulsed powersupply (FUGHCN250M-5000, 5kV,50mA)withbuild-in PIDregulation. Its output voltage canbecontrolled either bymeansofanexternal pulse generator orbyaPID circuit based ontheemission current (Fig. I). Thepulsed operation isdemonstrated inFig. 2, wherethedelay oftheemission current withrespect tothepulse generator signal proves the increase oftheoutput voltage within 2ms.Theimproved conditioning ofcathodes byPID regulation isshowninFig. 3,wheretheactivation ofemitters leads tovoltage reduction instead ofriskfil current increase. Wehaveinvestigated theadvantages ofpulsed poweroperation forCNTsamples grown onAnodisc® [4]. After conditioning over2.5hours, asample wasmeasured indcandpulsed modeswith2different dutycycles atthesameaverage current. Comparing theimages in Fig. 4andFig. 5a,thereduced number ofemitters reflects bothastrong voltage dependence ofthe"phosphor" andapartial destruction ofemitters (e.g. seeleft corner ofthesample). Obviously thebrightness ofthescreen inFigs. 5b,c increased greatly duetohigher peak voltages andcurrents. Moreover halos appear inFig. Scwhichindicate lateral light spreading andmight beprecursors ofdischarges duetotheheatload. Themaximumobtained peak current density was2.7mA/cm2, whichiscomparable tothepreviously obtained values for suchsamples [5]. Forfurther measurements, therefore, aquadrupole massspectrometer will beinstalled asadditional indicator ofthe"phosphor" evaporation. Theinfluence ofpeakcurrents andoperating voltages ontheemitter distribution was systematically investigated bymeansofimage analysis software (AnalySIST). Duetothe digital infornation ofthelight distribution onthephosphor screen, itischallenging todefine algorithms whichattribute clusters oflight totheoriginal localized emitter current. First results ofconverted light into current mapswill bepresented attheconference.


— The anatomy of the pelvic floor is revaluated from a functional viewpoint. The normal topographic seat of pelvic viscera is guaranteed by two systems: the support system and the suspension system. The first is represented by muscle and aponeurotic structures of the pelvic floor. The second by ligaments dependent on the endopelvic fascia. Both systems act as a functional unit. Alteration in the anterior component of the suspension system, is one of the most important causes of cystourethrocele and stress incontinence in women.


Aim To clone Eg95 antigen gene and construct eukaryotic expression plasmid carrying Eg95 antigen gene Methods The cDNA encoding Eg95 antigen was amplified using PCR technique from Eg cDNA library The acquired Eg95 cDNA was cloned into pUCm T vector in order to construct a recombinant plasmid pUCm T/Eg95 And the result sequence was exactly consistent with the published Eg95 cDNA sequence Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3 was chosen as a vector for the construction of the DNA vaccine called pcDNA3 Eg95 The recombinant plasimid pcDNA3 Eg95 was transformed into E coli DH5α and the positive clones were screened by restriction endonuclease analysis and PCR technology Results DNA sequence analysis showed the selected pcDNA3 Eg95 positive clone was the exact recombinant plasmid and could be used as a DNA vaccine Conclusion The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3 Eg95 has been constructed successfully for research on DNA vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus


A growing number of mobile WiMAX deployments are in progress world-wide and the technology is anticipated to play a key role in next generation mobile broadband wireless networks. However, although the theoretical potential of WiMAX technologies is already well established, independent, publicly released, thorough evaluations of WiMAX network performance in the real world are yet to become available. In this study, we consider synthetic Voice over IP (VoIP) performance over the WirelessMAN-OFDMA air interface of a state of the art mobile WiMAX testbed operating at the 3.5 GHz frequency band and quantify the benefits of employing VoIP aggregation and Robust Header Compression (ROHC). Although VoIP aggregation and ROHC have been proposed and thoroughly evaluated through simulation and modeling, this is the first study to present empirical results from employing them over the Wireless MANOFDMA air interface of a real-world WiMAX system. Our results indicate that the combined use of VoIP aggregation and ROHC can increase the number of flows sustained without loss by approximately a factor of three.


Systematic experiments on transfer ionisation processes Aq++B to A(q-k)++Bi+(i-k)e+ Delta E have been performed where A and B are rare-gas atoms, q is the charge state of the incident ions (up to 7 for Ne, 9 for Ar, 12 for Kr and 15 for Xe), k is the number of captured electrons found with the projectile long after the collision (k=1, 2 or 3) and i is the charge state of the slow recoil ion (measured by a time-of-flight coincidence technique). The projectile energies range from 3q keV to 15q keV; however, with very few exceptions, the charge-state fractions Fi of recoil ions were found to be independent of the energy in the energy range studied. The ionisation of five additional target electrons in 7% of the two-electron-capture collisions of Xe15+ ions with Xe atoms shows the importance of transfer ionisation in such collisions. The observed charge-state fractions of the recoil ions strongly depend on k, the number of electrons captured, and on q, the charge state of the projectile; the mean charge state (i)= Sigma jjFj/ Sigma jFj increases strongly with increasing k and q. In general, the investigated processes are exoergic, and the charge states of the recoil ions produced are correlated with the potential energy available in the collision system. When the charge-state fractions Fi observed for a given target atom are plotted as a function of the maximum potential energy Delta E calculated for transitions between ground states they fall on common curves which are only specified by the charge state i and the number of electrons k captured indicating that Fi depend explicitly neither upon the projectile species nor upon the incident charge state.


Objective We evaluated long-term impact of sustained weight loss versus weight regain on cardiovascular risk factors in real-world clinical practice. Methods We evaluated 129 obese patients with diabetes enrolled in Weight Achievement and Intensive Treatment (Why WAIT) program, a 12-week clinical model of intensive lifestyle intervention. After 1 year, we divided participants into group A, who maintained <7% weight loss (47.3%) and group B (52.7%), who maintained ≥7% weight loss. We continued to follow them for a total of 5 years. Results The total cohort lost 23.8 lbs (−9.7%) at 12 weeks and maintained −16.2 lbs (−6.4%) at 5 years (p<0.001). Group A maintained −8.4 lbs (−3.5%) and group B maintained −23.1 lbs (−9.0%) at 5 years. In group A, A1C decreased from 7.5±1.3% to 6.7±0.9% at 12 weeks but increased to 7.7±1.4% at 1 year and 8.0±1.9% at 5 years. In group B, A1C decreased from 7.4±1.2% to 6.4±0.9% at 12 weeks and rose to 6.8±1.2% at 1 year and 7.3±1.5% at 5 years. Despite weight regain, group A maintained improvement in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol with worsening of serum triglycerides and no change in blood pressure (BP). Group B maintained improvement in lipid profile for 5 years and had significantly lower BP for 18 months. Conclusions Weight reduction in patients with diabetes can be maintained for 5 years and is predicted by patients' ability to maintain ≥7% weight loss at 1 year. A1C and triglycerides deteriorate with weight regain, while other lipid improvements are maintained. Sustained weight loss is associated with significantly lower A1C for 5 years and lowers BP for 18 months. Trial registration number NCT01937845.


ABSTRACT Adnexal torsion is a rare but serious condition that affects women of all ages. There are no pathognomonic symptoms, but early diagnosis and treatment are necessary if the tube and ovary are to be preserved. Delay in diagnosis not only may result in complete loss of the affected organ but also may cause subsequent peritonitis. We report three cases, illustrating that laparoscopy allows correct assessment of the extent of damage and implementation of immediate treatment of the twisted organs. The literature is reviewed. (J GYNECOL SURG 11:251, 1995)


Good morning. First of all, I want to thank the organizers of Washington College of Law to give me the opportunity to share to you the story of a torture survivor. Florencia is the voice of a sexually tortured survivor of an internal conflict in Peru. There is two places in Peru that I will refer to during the course of my presentation. One of them is Lima, the capital of Peru, and the other one is Ayacucho, which is where Florencia was raped. It is a region that was the main site of the internal conflict in Peru. It is very hard for me to explain what happened in Peru between 1980 and 2000, which would take me the entire presentation.


Most software installed in current user's machines were obtained from public software repositores, which are responsible for million downloads everyday. Whereas practical, the reliance on this type of service might render users susceptible to downloading infected software to their machines. In this work, we investigated the prevalence of malicious software on public software repositories, thus assessing Internet users security. We discovered that up to 33.5% of software available in multiple repositories were flagged as malicious by at least one antivirus.


Accurate land use and land cover (LULC) maps are effective tools to help achieve sound urban planning and precision agriculture. As an intelligent optimization technology, genetic algorithm (GA) has been successfully applied to various image classification tasks in recent years. However, simple GA faces challenges, such as complex calculation, poor noise immunity, and slow convergence. This research proposes a two-step ensemble protocol for LULC classification using a grayscale-spatial-based GA model. The first ensemble framework uses fuzzy c-means to classify pixels into those that are difficult to cluster and those that are easy to cluster, which aids in reducing the search space for evolutionary computation. The second ensemble framework uses neighborhood windows as heuristic information to adaptively modify the objective function and mutation probability of the GA, which brings valuable benefits to the discrimination and decision of GA. In this study, three research areas in Dangyang, China, are utilized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experiments show that the proposed method can effectively maintain the image details, restrain noise, and achieve rapid algorithm convergence. Compared with the reference methods, the best overall accuracy obtained by the proposed algorithm is 88.72%.


BACKGROUND
We need more effective treatments for refractory non-small cell lung cancer.

CASE
A 61-year-old man had a recurrence in the left ninth rib invading the chestwall 4 years after resection of squamous cell lung cancer. The metastatic lesion grew larger even after 3 different regimens of systemic chemotherapy and local irradiation. Then he started to receive 120 mg of TS-1 daily for 28 days followed by 14 days of rest (1 course). A partial response was achieved after 2 courses of the treatment and continued for 6 weeks. Doses of oxycodone hydrochloride could be reduced to one-sixth of the initial dose according to tumor regression.

CONCLUSION
This is the first report to show the effectiveness of TS-1 for a refractory recurrence of lung cancer to the bone.


This paper reports the design experience faced during the prototyping and testing stages of two multiphase induction starter-generators for 48 V mild-hybrid powertrains. The focus of the investigation is on the pole numbers and their influence on the electrical machine parameters and performance. According to the application and the usage profile in a real urban drive cycle, a 8 pole prototype has been initially designed. Since the designed magnetic circuit was also suitable for a 6 pole configuration, a second prototype with this pole count has been produced. In fact, the pole number reduction could lead incremental advantages with respect to efficiency and power factor as a result of the lower fundamental supply frequencies. The performance comparison in terms of torque, efficiency and power factor of the two prototypes have been investigated and validated both by means of simulations and experimental activities.


1. The module (10) of the rotor of the electrical machine with permanent-magnet (200) rotating in a liquid medium, characterized in that the module (10) comprises a cylindrical active part, having a plurality of magnetically soft disc-shaped plates (100) of metal, combined into a sheet package (20) with a central opening (110) for mounting the shaft (30) of the rotor, wherein at least two permanent magnets (200) are protected from the liquid medium, arranged in at least two corresponding recesses (120) a package (20) of the metal sheets carried by cylindric eskoy package side surface (20) of sheets metalla.2. Module of claim. 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets (200) on all sides covered with a layer (202) of the protective laka.3. Module (10) according to Claim. 1, characterized in that each of the sheets (100) of the metal has at least on one side in a substantially continuous layer (102) of adhesive and the metal sheets are sintered in sheet paket.4. Module (10) according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the inner surfaces of the recesses (120) in the package (20) are equipped with metal sheets mainly made continuous coating (122) of a polymeric materiala.5. Module (10) according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the intermediate spaces between the permanent magnets (200) and the inner surfaces of the recesses (120) in the package (20) of the metal sheets are substantially completely filled with a filler (124) of a polymeric materiala.6. Module (10) according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets (200) are axially module (10) size slightly smaller than the axial length of the module (10), said permanent magnets (200) are arranged in the module axial direction (10 ) centrally in the recesses (120) at a distance from both end sides of the module (10), and between the respective cavities


Notch receptors are involved in regulating the balance between cell differentiation and stem cell proliferation during the development of numerous tissues (Artavanis-Tsakonas, S., Matsuno, K., Fortini, M.E., 1995. Notch signaling. Science 268, 225‐232). Here the expression of all four vertebrate Notch genes, their ligands, and some down-stream targets is analyzed during mouse pancreatic organogenesis. Notch 1 is the first Notch gene expressed in the pancreatic epithelium, and coexpression with HES 1 suggests that the Notch 1 pathway is activated. Notch 2 expression follows later when pancreatic buds branch and is restricted to embryonic ducts, believed to be the source for endocrine and exocrine stem cells. Notch 3 and Notch 4 are expressed in pancreatic mesenchyme and later in endothelial cells. Together these descriptive data comprise a framework for understanding the cellular basis for Notch function during pancreatic development. q 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.


A simple and fast method was established to identify the sex types of the rat-derived cell strains. The single copy X-chromosome-linked gene AR and the single copy Y-chromosome-linked gene Sry were both detected with qPCR for the rat genomic DNA sample and the AR/Sry ratio was calculated. According to the law of the AR/Sry ratio, a new method to identify the sex types of the rat-derived cell strains was developed. The new assay was proved effective. The new assay showed advantages over the traditional sex type identification PCR methods, which detected only the Sry gene. Moreover, the new method was used to identify the sex types of two rat-derived cell strains unknown for the sex types and the results were confirmed with the in situ hybridization. Finally, the problem of the cross contamination between the female and the male samples was addressed and discussed extensively. Graphical abstract The sample conditions for the sex type are determined with the ratio AR/Sry (AR: the X-chromosome-linked gene; Sry: the Y-chromosome-linked gene).


Purpose: Diabetes (DM) increases the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI), in which roles of caspase-mediated apoptosis and RIP1/RIP3-dependent necroptosis have been implicated. Here, we examined whether distinct cell death mechanisms are involved in two types of AKI, myocardial infarction (MI)-triggered cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) and renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods and Results: We used OLETF, a rat model of type 2 DM at 25-30 weeks old, when early nephropathy is indicated by increased urinary protein without increase in serum creatinine (sCr), and its non-DM control, LETO. In the first series of experiments, to prepare a model of CRS, MI was induced by ligation of a left coronary artery for 12 hrs. Though sCr level was not increased in either OLETF or LETO after MI, immunostaining revealed that the area positive for kidney injury molecule-1, a marker of AKI, was significantly increased by 5.3 fold (P Conclusions: Apoptosis, but not necroptosis, via the TLR/TNF pathway, is involved in AKI induced by CRS in OLETF. In contrast, necroptosis, but not apoptosis, plays a major role in aggravation of I/R-induced AKI in OLETF. Two distinct cell death mechanisms play roles in DM-induced aggravation of AKI, depending on the type and/or strength of insult to cause AKI.


In the article technological methods energy and economic evaluation of growing sage in southern steppe of Ukraine conditions have been analysed. The economists' views on the raw medicinal herbs under drip irrigation formation of efficient production have been considered. The analysis of previous agronomic studies on the cultivation of crops under drip irrigation has allowed us to conclude that there are no such results on the plantations of Salvia sclarea. The yield level of Salvia sclarea inflorescences was stable during the first three years of using, on the average in the first year it was 9.51 t/ha, in the second year it was 9.38 t/ha, in the third year it was 9.69 t/ha. Only in the fourth year of crops using (the fifth year of life) the yield was decreasing sharply. On the basis of yield data, the calculation and analysis of such indicators as energy efficiency, energy intensity of growing 1 kg of inflorescences and the conditional net profit when growing sage in drip irrigation in southern Ukraine. The maximum values of energy efficiency ratio were obtained in the first year of using and sowing in the first decade of December against the background of N60P90 - 3,25 application. When the crops sowing was postponed to the first decade of April, this indicator decreased twice to 1.59. In our experiment the minimum values of energy ratio of Salvia sclarea growing technology were obtained in the fourth year of plantation using. The classical indicators which reflect the economic and energy efficiency level of inflorescences of nutmeg production at long-term use of a culture plantation culture have been analysed. The analysis of the factors which influence for efficiency change of cultivation of culture was carried out. The mechanism of efficiency increase of cultivation of sage nutmeg in the conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine has been offered.


The business plan is a fundamental tool for the success of a company, which allows the entre-preneur a broad vision of the enterprise. This study has as general objective to elaborate a business plan for the opening of a company that will produce and commercialize homemade cakes: the Sweet Cake, in the city of Canoas. The specific objectives are: to characterize the business, to make a strategic analysis, to elaborate the operational plan, to elaborate the mar-keting plan and the financial plan. The methodology used in this study is divided into two stages, a qualitative and a quantitative one. In the qualitative research stage, a market research was carried out with potential clients through the application of questionnaires; in conjunction with the collection of secondary data from the business sector in Brazil. The results of the analyzes demonstrate the viability of the business, as well as the growth of this niche in the country.


Under the Paris Climate Agreement, 193 states have committed themselves to reducing carbon emissions and adapting to climate change. Almost half of them have now adopted programs to achieve carbon neutrality. Last year, leading up to the 26th UN Climate Conference in Glasgow, many of the leading CO2 emitters stepped up their climate targets significantly. However, the desire to increasingly reduce fossil and nuclear energy in favor of «clean» sources has collided in 2021 with a global energy crisis that has called into question the sustainability of energy systems tailored to achieve climate goals. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the rapid growth in natural gas prices and the implementation of climate commitments and national plans of states dependent on natural gas imports. The author analyzes the impact of the energy crisis on gas prices, and then, using the example of developed and developing countries among the largest emitters of carbon dioxide, monitors the impact of this price increase on the implementation of their climate obligations. Based on statistical data, the author studies the energy balance of China, Japan, India and Germany, its vulnerability to gas prices, the reaction of energy systems to the crisis and the subsequent measures of states to mitigate it in terms of following climate paradigms, in particular, abandoning coal. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the issuing states in times of crises are forced to partially deviate from their previous climate measures, respectively, the implementation of their ambitious climate commitments that do not take into account such risks is in question.


Due to the rapid increase in electricity demand and dwindling energy resources, people have begun to think about renewable energy resources. Solar photovoltaic energy is the dominating source of renewable energy. In this paper, the ANFIS model (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems) is used to predict photovoltaic power. One-year historical data for PV, direct solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation and temperature are used for training and testing purposes. The forecasted result of the model is appreciable and evidence shows that the prediction error of the proposed model has significantly good accuracy with the other existing models.


It is considered a recommended practice to integrate literacy concepts into child-initiated choice center time long before formal reading instruction begins. The purpose of this study was to determine whether environmental modification and a teacher-mediated literacy intervention would increase child engagement of literacy behaviors during free choice time in the classroom. Data were collected on the literacy behaviors of 9 children across 3 inclusive preschool classrooms in a suburban public school system. A multiple baseline design was used to determine the effects of an environmental modification using the Early Language and Literacy Classroom Observation and a teacher-mediated intervention on children's literacy behaviors. Results included an average increase of 43 percentage points (range = 39–45 percentage points) in observed literacy behaviors in each of the 3 classrooms. Individual children in each classroom demonstrated an increase in literacy behaviors from baseline to intervention. These results are consistent with previous research, which indicated that the modification of the environment and teacher mediation increase literacy behaviors.


The utility model relates to a multichannel optical power meter applied in optical cross equipment, wherein a photoelectric detector comprises a multipath photoelectric detector; an analogue switch mainly comprises a multipath selector chip ADG706; a direct current logarithmic amplifier module mainly comprises a logarithmic amplifier chip AD8304 and a peripheral circuit; a data acquisition module mainly comprises an AD converter chip ADS8320 and a peripheral circuit; and an MCU and a peripheral circuit thereof mainly comprise an MCU control unit, a keyboard display circuit and a communication interface circuit. The multichannel optical power meter has the advantages of good channel consistency, high accuracy, large dynamic range and low cost, and can realize zero consistency error by automatic correction function of software, thereby bringing convenience for intelligent automatic testing of production, and being also very suitable for being applied to the field of production automation testing of fiber-optical communication detection or optical communication devices.


The role of real‐world evidence (RWE) in regulatory, drug development, and healthcare decision‐making is rapidly expanding. Recent advances have increased the complexity of cancer care and widened the gap between randomized clinical trial (RCT) results and the evidence needed for real‐world clinical decisions. Instead of remaining invisible, data from the >95% of cancer patients treated outside of clinical trials can help fill this void.


Rectal administration has a lot of advantages,such as fast absorption and high bioavailability.It's widely used in our clinical work,and also rectal administration with Chinese medicine which has a long history,is now widely used for its efficiency.Those days,because of its conveniency,fast action,few side effects,rectal administration with TCM is extensively studied and developed.This term has reviewed of rectal administration of Chinese medicine,about its mechanism,usually used dosage form and the progress of application.Also we expect the research method and the development of our reviews could provide any reference for clinical work and any further study.


Majority of the major accidents are mostly due to "Human Error" (HE) including those in oil and gas industry either at offshore or onshore worksite. The aim of this research is to develop Knowledge Management (KM) framework and link with Human Error (HE) which can be used to prevent, minimize or reduce major accident among oil and gas industry players in offshore and onshore installations. Objective: Therefore the research is supported by the following objectives (1) To investigate the relationship between the KM factors and HE; (2) To find out what HE factors might contribute to the major accident; and (3) To develop an integrated framework integrating KM and HE to prevent major accident. A research methodology and literature review about KM and HE in major accident prevention was developed on how KM in HE can prevent major accident in oil and gas installations, what are the most suitable KM types, how effective is KM in offshore installations and what is the best method of sharing the outcome from KM in oil and gas installations. Results: The results, findings and analysis of secondary data will be presented, cross sectional survey questionnaire and the interview data from the view of the Company and Contractors in which is among the primary data of the research. Relevant and related research questions are included in the questionnaire. The results and the conclusions are based on the analysis of feedback from the selected respondents using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software Conclusion: Possible result of developing KM framework implementation in OSH and integrating HE to prevent major accident in oil and gas installations. Keywords— Knowledge Management, Human Error, Oil and Gas Industry, Major Accident, Occupational Safety and Health


A field experiment was carried out on a clayey Dark Red Latosol (Typic Haplusthox), in Planaltina, Federal District, Brazil, in the cropping seasons of 1992/93, 1993/94 and 1994/95, to compare the effect of three methods of zinc application (soil, foliar spray and seed treatment) on corn (hybrid BR 201) grain yield. Broadcast applied treatments of 3.6 and 7.2 kg ha -1 of zinc, and those where zinc was sprayed, gave maximum grain yields in the three crops. Zinc mixed with the seeds gave maximum grain yields in the second and third crops. Broadcast application of 1.2 kg ha -1 of zinc, only in the first crop, gave maximum grain yields in all three crops. Similar yields were obtained with row application in the last two crops. Row application of 0.4 kg ha -1 of zinc per crop, gave maximum grain yields in the second and third crops. The soil critical levels determined by the 0.1 mol L -1 HCl, Mehlich 1 (0.05 mol L -1 HCl + 0.0125 mol L -1 H 2 SO 4 Mehlich 3 (0.2 mol L -1 CH 3 COOH + 0.25 mol L -1 NH 4 NO 3 + 0.015 mol L -1 NH 4 F + 0.013 mol L -1 HNO 3 + 0.001 mol L -1 EDTA) and DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extracting solutions were 1.0, 0.9, 0,8 and 0.6 mg dm -3 of zinc, respectively. The critical leaf zinc concentration was 17.5 mg kg -1 .


Objective:To analyse the cause 23 cases of ureteral calculi after failure of ESWL.Methods: Analysis was made on 16 cases of ureteral calculi after with ESWL.Results: Ureterolithotomy or laparoscopic ureterolithotomy was made in 23 cases.Ureterolithotomy and laparoscopic ureterolithotomy revealed that stuck to the sueface of ureteral mucosa and adhesive ureterostnosis in 6,inflammatory uerteral polyp in 7,inflammatory straitness in 1,encapsulation of the calculi by granulation tissue in 4.Conclusions:ESWL is a good way to treat ureteral calculi for its dependability,but it only can be used in indication.If the calculi is incarcerated at the same spot for a long time,the kidney was filled with water,the sick kidney's function was poor or the stone's dimension was big and the structure was tight,ESWL should be contraindicated.


Peucedanum is the Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn′s root of Umbelliferae.As a traditional Chinese drug,it has the effects of dispelling wind-heat and reducing sputum,which is often used in the treatment of colds and coughing,asthma and headaches.The recent research shows that active ingredients of praeruptorum include volatile oil and coumarins such as praeruptorin A and praeruptorin B,while its main pharmacologic actions including decreasing blood pressure,anti-heart-failure,anti-asthma and anti-cancer.The article summarized the active ingredients and its related pharmacological actions of P.praeruptorum.It will provide experimental basis for the further exploitation and use of P.praeruptorum.


We look at the financial markets as represented by a network of agents similar to bond percolation models in physics or epidemiology models. We aim to figure out how an agent based network model can cause perturbations that can cause failures of the traditional economic theory, specifically the AD-AS model of New Keynesian Theory. This model is utilized for its dual uses of having an inbuilt correction mechanism that is similar to what markets display and real world correlations in micro behaviour. We analyse the threshold conditions that result in boundaries beyond which an idea can spread throughout the network and look at the various factors that contribute towards such information percolation. It allows us a look into the micro-behaviour of agents involved in the markets and helps us look at a specific role of the market as a provider of feedback on actions taken. It further gives us a good insight into the roles needed to be played by policymakers and market regulators and gives a few modest proposals that could serve as a warning mechanism against future bubbles and Great Depressions. We look into such a system here to model how bubbles form in economic systems as a consequence of its current architecture and information transmission.


ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper Received 23 August 2016 Accepted 30 September 2016 Available Online 30 October 2016 One of the most important factors in surveillance systems using robots is the complexity and unpredictability of the robot trajectories. This becomes more vital in hostile conditions where the robot trajectory is being followed by another agent. Therefore, random or chaotic sequences can be used in motion planning of surveillant robots. However, chaotic sequences would be more effective due to their deterministic nature. Moreover, the intrinsic robustness and ergodicity of chaotic systems, compared to random functions, would be another advantage to be considered in surveillance systems which require comprehensive coverage. In this paper, a method is proposed for chaotic motion planning for boundary surveillance and implemented to a quadrotor robot. Quadrotor robot is introduced as an appropriate choice for boundary surveillance application due to high maneuverability and aerial functions. The chaotic trajectory is produced using Henon map. Then the dynamics of the system is derived and a sliding mode controller is designed for such chaotic motion. Finally, the dynamics of the robot and the proposed controller are simulated to generate the chaotic trajectories for two cases. The performance of the proposed algorithm is discussed according to unpredictability and staying in the allowable region. A circular path and a non-smooth path are considered for simulation examples.


Sera from 51 persons were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody levels against four different isolates of Bacteroides intermedius. Interestingly, individual sera showed very different antibody titers against the four bacterial strains. The phenomenon was observed with both IgG and IgA. but was more pronounced in the case of the IgA response. The results reveal a previously underestimated antigenic heterogeneity of B. intermedius, which clearly further limits the interpretation of studies analyzing the B. intermedius specific antibody response in periodontal disease.


Sultan Adam Tahura is the largest Tahura area in Indonesia. A Tahura which has the widest area is both a pride and a challenge in maintaining and managing this area so that it can benefit the community, both ecologically, economically, and socially. This study aims to describe how the management of Sultan Adam's Tahura natural tourism in several ways perspective development. A qualitative approach is used in research. To provide in-depth descriptions, descriptive methods are implemented. Data collection stages through three stages. Analysis model of Miles and Huberman chose for present narrative text in research. The results of the study describe that the Community Empowerment Program that has been implemented following the principle of community empowerment in the management of the Sultan Adam Tahura natural tourism in Belangian Village, Aranio Subdistrict, Banjar Regency is as follows: 1) Program for the Use of Village Fund Allocation, 2) the Riam Kanan Watershed Rehabilitation Program, 3) Social Forestry Program in the form of Forestry Partners, and 4) Tourism Village Development Program. The fourth economic impact of the Community Empowerment Program implemented in Belangian Village, the District as a whole can be concluded that it has been able to improve the welfare of Belangian Village residents.


Integrated circuits are used for many applications including cryptographic systems. Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks are gaining prominence as a threat to information security of cryptographic devices. DPA attacks exploit the data dependency of power dissipated in a cryptographic system, using statistical methods that correlate and rank a set of keys to the power dissipation of the device based on the input data being encrypted. The ease of a DPA attack is determined by the number of input data encryptions and corresponding device power measurements that are required to retrieve the key with statistical confidence. A typical attack measures the correlation between model power traces generated during encryption of some input data using various guess keys, and device power traces obtained by encrypting the same input data with the unknown correct key. Potential keys are rated using this correlation metric. The correlation metric and the number of traces depend on the variance of power values for a fixed cryptographic operation across many encryption power traces. The variance in turn depends on various factors such as process, voltage and temperature variations. This thesis explores the effect of temperature and process variations on the ease of Differential Power Attacks on SPICE implementations of two cryptographic algorithms, namely KEELOQ and a single S-BOX of DES. Exhaustive SPICE simulations are performed in Synopsys HSPICE R © and Synopsys Nanosim R © to determine a pattern in variance of power with respect to temperature and process variations during the encryption phase, with and without secure logic styles. Attacks are performed on these implementations using the SCARF [1] and DPA Attack Flow [2]


The circular peak set of a permutation $\sigma$ is the set $\{\sigma(i)\mid \sigma(i-1) \sigma(i+1)\}$. In this paper, we focus on the enumeration problems for permutations by circular peak sets. Let $cp_n(S)$ denote the number of the permutations of order $n$ which have the circular peak set $S$. For the case with $|S|=0,1,2$, we derive the explicit formulas for $cp_n(S)$. We also obtain some recurrence relations for the sequence $cp_n(S)$ and give the formula for $cp_n(S)$ in the general case.


Topological insulator/superconductor two-dimensional heterostructures are promising candidates for realizing topological superconductivity and Majorana modes. In these systems, a vortex pinned by a pre-fabricated antidot in the superconductor can host Majorana zero-energy modes (MZMs), which are exotic quasiparticles that may enable quantum information processing. However, a major challenge is to design devices that can manipulate the information encoded in these MZMs. One of the key factors is to create small and clean antidots, so that the MZMs, localized in the vortex core, have a large gap to other excitations. If the antidot is too large or too disordered, the level spacing for the subgap vortex states may become smaller than temperature. In this paper, we numerically investigate the effects of disorder, chemical potential, and antidot size on the subgap vortex spectrum, using a two-dimensional effective model of the topological insulator surface. Our model allows us to simulate large system sizes with vortices up to 1.8 $\mu$m in diameter. We also compare our disorder model with the transport data from existing experiments. We find that the spectral gap can exhibit a non-monotonic behavior as a function of disorder strength, and that it can be tuned by applying a gate voltage.


Ion track technology makes it possible to produce a low cost template for the synthesis of nanowires. In this article, spin-coated polycarbonate films have been irradiated by energetic 150 MeV Ni ion at a fluence of 8E7, followed by UV irradiation and chemical etching in aqueous NaOH (6N, 29°C). Ni nanowires were electrochemically synthesised in the pores created in the polycarbonate film. The nanostructures thus synthesised were morphologically analysed using scanning electron microscopy and further studied for their electrical and field emission properties.


The name Larix x eurolepis, widely used for the larch hybrid originally raised at Dunkeld in Scotland between L. leptolepis (Japanese larch) and L. decidua (European larch) is shown to be invalid and, it is argued, should be replaced by the earlier valid name L. x henryana, which commemorates Augustine Henry. However, it is noted that if the parentage of L. x marschlinsii can be determined beyond reasonable doubt, this name could take priority over the other two. At present L. x marschlinsii is considered to have arisen when L. leptolepis crossed with either L. sibirica (Siberian larch) or L. decidua.


Objective To study the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc)、C-peptide、fasting blood glucose(FBG)、2 hour postprandial blood glucose(2 hPBG) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)in type 2.Methods 100 normal persons and 200 diabetics patients were chosen during Jul 2007 to Jul 2010.Their HbAlc、C-peptide、FBG、2 hPBG were tested.The Neuropad early detection plaster for diabetic foot neuropathy and the electroneuromyography were used for diagnosis of the DPN.The patients were divided into three groups(normal group,non-DPN and DPN groups) according to peripheral neuropathy.DPN group was divided into three subgroups:sensus nerve abnormality group、sensus-motion abnormal、sensus and motion abnormality group.Results ①HbAlc、2 hPBG in DPN group were significantly increased than those in NDPN group,but FC-P were significantly decreased(P0.01).②HbAlc in sensus and motion abnormality group were significantly increased than those in sensus nerve abnormality group、sensus-motion abnormal,but FC-P、2 hC-P were significantly decreased(P0.01).③DPN cases significantly decreased after HbAlc intervention.Conclusion HbAlc、FC-P were correlated with the occurrence and development of diabetic peripneral neuropathy,HbAlc can be an ideal detective stander for the diabetic peripneral neuropathy.


This paper presents a model and tools to embed synchronous reactive modules in an object-oriented language. Embedded modules behave and may communicate synchronously, may be created or destroyed, and their interconnection may change dynamically at run-time. They are able to communicate asynchronously with other parts, synchronous or asynchronous, of the application.New synchronous classes can be created either by static composition of instances of existing classes, or by inheritance.


Abstract This article reviews the importance of race within land use planning and the difficulties of embracing a racial dimension within the statutory planning process. This issue is explored through an analysis of the difficulties black non‐statutory organisations encounter in accessing premises and the role of planning practice within this. A detailed analysis of the planning process and black organisations in the London Boroughs of Brent and Southwark follows. It is concluded that the legislative and central government constraints on the planning system, along with inadequate planning practices at the local level, have resulted in an unsatisfactory response to the need of black organisations for premises.


The basic characteristics of oil-gas reservoir are presented,the deposition,reservoir-cap rock assemblage and hydrocarbon accumulation stages are analyzed and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation is dynamically recovered in Niujuanhu oilfield.It is shown that it is in good assemblage and its crude oil originates from lacustrine source rocks of Lucaogou formation of Upper Permian,dominated by low-mature oil.The Xishanyao formation of Lower Jurassic is characterized by fan delta,fluvial and lacustrine deposits with sandstone and glutenite,etc.and primary intergranular pore and intergranular dissolved pore,belonging to porous-type reservoir of low porosity and low permeability.Lucaogou formation is characterized by coastal lake,hemi-deep lake,volcanic eruption and fluvial deposits with pore,fissure and cavity,being fracture-pore-type reservoir.Its crude oil originates from both source and reservoir in itself,and its hydrocarbon accumulation occurs in several stages and durative and starts from Late Triassic,but the main stages are Late-Jurassic to Cretaceous.Jurassic reservoir is principally formed at Late Cretaceous.Himalayan movement period is significant to the preservation of different horizons of reservoirs in this basin.


We describe the results for the management of chronic osteomyelitis in long bones using a new single stage procedure, the Cardiff technique. Fourteen consecutive patients were treated prospectively. The patients had a mean age of 52; all patients had a mean stay in hospital of 5 days with outpatient dressings. All patients had tibial fractures, 2 were infected non unions. The origin of infection was traumatic in 13 cases and haematogenous in 1 case. This one stage procedure or The Cardiff technique, uses techniques described by both Papineau9s 3 stage method and Lautenbach9s procedure. It involves removal of all avascular and infected tissue via marginal debridement, opening of the medullary cavity proximally and distally, compartmental debridement and copious saline irrigation. The wound is then packed with Jelonet and kaltostat and fresh dressings applied weekly. The wound is left to heal via secondary intention. There is no routine use of antibiotics. Antibiotics were only used when required, i.e. Clinical evidence of cellulitis or infection. 11 patients healed with no further surgery, no skin grafting, no bone grafting and no flap coverage. Mean time to healing was 5 months; both non unions united giving results similar to other accepted techniques. There were 3 residual infections, 2 due to inadequate debridement which required a single further compartmental debridement (Lautenbach method), 1 had an avascular bone edge requiring further local debridement. We feel this procedure confers the following advantages; minimal surgical insult, early discharge, out patient management, good outcomes and most importantly, high patient satisfaction. It also serves as a reminder that simple wounds do well with simple solutions.


According to Max Weber's economic ethical thought,in the higher religious forms,the combination of the prediction of the prophets' words and two philosophies of life forms four basic types of religions,in which the religious asceticism(protestant mission)becomes a new ethical spirit through the vocation notion and predestinarianism,effecting people's economic behaviors,and resulting in the emergence of modern capitalism.


Author(s): Connolly, Andrew; Habib, Salman; Szalay, Alex; Borrill, Julian; Fuller, George; Gnedin, Nick; Heitmann, Katrin; Jacobs, Danny; Lamb, Don; Mezzacappa, Tony; Messer, Bronson; Myers, Steve; Nord, Brian; Nugent, Peter; O'Shea, Brian; Ricker, Paul; Schneider, Michael | Abstract: This document presents (off-line) computing requrements and challenges for Cosmic Frontier science, covering the areas of data management, analysis, and simulations. We invite contributions to extend the range of covered topics and to enhance the current descriptions.


The invention discloses an ion source for generating an aluminum ion beam. The ion source comprises an arc chamber, a cathode structure component, an emitter structure component and a magnet, wherein the arc chamber is used as a container for generating plasmas therein and can double as an anode; a fluoride-containing ionizable gas is introduced into the arc chamber; the cathode structure component is arranged at one side in the arc chamber, is in electrical insulation from the arc chamber and emits hot electrons to the arc chamber; the emitter structure component is arranged at one side, opposite to the cathode structure component, in the arc chamber and is used for reflecting the electrons in the arc chamber; and the magnet is used for generating a magnetic field in the arc chamber. The ion source has the advantages of being simple and compact in structure and the like; the ionization efficiency is improved; and the service lifetime of a hot cathode filament is prolonged.


Humans as God's creatures were endowed with brain used to think and to process the received knowledge. Human brain links knowledge into a giant network of ideas, memories, predictions and beliefs. Everything is interconnected in the brain. Human can understand the meaning of the same variable even if that variable has an ambiguous meaning. In another scenario, humans can understand the same thing based on different terms. People can argue and debate with one another about any problem to get a better solution. The different understanding of terms is not a big problem for human brain but imagine if it happens between computers or between humans and computers! Based on this problem we want to provide a model of managing knowledge in situations where terms can generate ambiguity. Knowledge representation process is a good approach to organize and share knowledge. We use ontologies as a technique to represent the particular knowledge stored in each computer and to find correspondences between the concepts used in those ontologies.


Tianyou 122,derived from Tianfeng A,a WA-type fine quality indica CMS line,and Guanghui 122,a blast-resistant restorer line,is a newly-developed hybrid rice combination by the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It is characteristic of high and stable yield,fine grain quality,strong blast resistance and wide adaptability.It was registered and released to commercial production in Guangdong in February,2005.It is suitable for south China to be grown as both early and late rice,and for the southern part of China to be grown as late rice.


Liquid sloshing absorbers are simple structures consisting of a partially full container of liquid with a free surface. The primary objective of this thesis is to investigate the potential to improve the design of rectangular sloshing absorbers through attaching surface roughness elements (obstructions) to the absorbers. The potential to increase energy dissipation through intentionally induced liquid sloshing within an absorber for structural control purposes is presented.


The application of a simple binary step up method for possible calibration of high current DC shunts up to a few thousand amperes in which a pair of HCDC shunts are used to evaluate the current dependence of the shunt resistance. It was found that a complex exponential linear model can be applied to separate the drifts in voltage measurements from the contribution of the current coefficient of the shunt. This approach allows one to extract the information on the current coefficient of the shunt and together with low current measurement of the shunt resistance to calibrate the current output of HCDC source, which in turn can be used as a reference for calibration of customer's shunts. In order to validate the step up method, the calibrated HCDC source was used to obtain DC current ratios which is to be compared with NRC's high current ratio measurements of a multi-ratio 3000 A reference DC CT.


This work deals with the problems solved in fusion research by means of grid computing. The computing necessities for fusion are discussed and the applications that have been ported to grid as well as their main physical results are described. The range of plasma physics research covered by this set of tools is analysed and the future of grid computing for fusion research is discussed. The possibility of establishing complex workflows between grid and high performance computers (HPC) applications has been also explored.


This article describes an algorithm for finding the optimal routes and volumes of cargo transportation along the routes at minimal transportation cost of a given cargo' volume from the starting to the final point . The algorithm, based on Dijkstra's approach (shortest path search) and dynamic programming method, is used for the calculation of the optimal route of wood transportation from the cutting area. The peculiarity of forest roads are different transport costs and carrying capacities on the forest road network sections influenced by the natural and climatic conditions of the route section. The cost of delivery includes both costs, depending on the volume of cargo (transportation), and not depending on it (construction and restoration of roads). The peculiarity of the task is that the costs of restoration (construction), transportation along the section included in the route may vary depending on the transported cargo volume.


This paper presents the results of new research on ground-motion relations from three areas in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (USCB) in Poland and compares them with of ground-motion relations. These three mining areas of the USCB were investigated in order to better predict ground motion caused by seismic events. The study focused on variations in regression parameters and predicted PGA (peak ground acceleration) for different areas to better understand the influence of geology.
 To compare our results to previous models we had to unify the known ground-motion prediction equations (GMPE). Then, we used various regression models to predict the corresponding PGA values of a relatively strong USCB seismic event with an energy level of 108 J (ML = 3.3) and compared their results. The regression model parameters were compared to each other, particularly those related to energy and distance, which corresponds to a geometrical scattering (attenuation) of seismic waves as well as the influence of wave type (body or surface). Finally, building upon several established regression models, our analysis showed a strong linear correlation between two regression parameters corresponding to energy and distance. However, an open question remains whether this relation can be explained by physics, or, from a mathematical point of view, it is the effect of linear dependence of matrix vectors logE and logR. A comparison of different GMPEs allows for better verification of knowledge about the impact of tremors on ground motion in the USCB.


Search of the literature has failed to reveal any previous objective analysis of changes produced by treatment. Using the Occlusal Index a survey was carried out on study models of patients accepted for treatment in the Orthodontic Department of The London Hospital, over a nine year period (1963–71). The spread of severity of malocclusion of these patients was assessed to see if there had been a gradation in severity through the period as reflected by a trend in the yearly mean values of the Occlusal Index scores. Analysis of the results failed to show any discernible trend. The Occlusal Index was used to gain an objective and quantitative assessment of change produced by treatment and subsequently to correlate this change with the use of fixed and removable appliances. A slight but statistically significant difference was apparent in treatment results. Fixed appliance cases showed superiority to removable appliance cases, producing a better end result and greater degree of improvement. The difficulties in the use of application of the Occlusal Index to British cases are discussed and suggestions are made for modification.


The use of mathematical models for personalization of cancer therapies and raising hypothesis of potential clinical impact is an emerging topic in the interface between mathematics and oncology. Here we put forward a mathematical model describing the response of low-grade (WHO grade II) oligodendrogliomas (LGO) to temozolomide (TMZ). The model described the longitudinal volumetric dynamics of tumor response to TMZ of a cohort of 11 LGO patients treated with TMZ. After finding patient-specific parameters, different therapeutical strategies were tried computationally on the 'in-silico twins' of those patients. Chemotherapy schedules with larger-than-standard rest periods between consecutive cycles had either the same or better long-term efficacy than the standard 28-day cycles. The results were confirmed in a large virtual clinical trial including 2000 patients. These long-cycle schemes would also have reduced toxicity and defer the appearance of resistances. On the basis of those results, a combination scheme consisting of five induction TMZ cycles given monthly plus 12 maintenance cycles given every three months was found to provide substantial survival benefits for the in-silico twins of the 11 LGO patients (median 5.69 years, range: 0.67 to 68.45 years) and in a large virtual trial including 2000 patients. This scheme could be useful for defining a standardized TMZ treatment for LGO patients with survival benefits. Author summary A mathematical model described the longitudinal volumetric growth data of grade II oligodendrogliomas patients and their response to temozolomide. The model was used to explore alternative therapeutical protocols for the in-silico twins of the patients and in virtual clinical trials. The simulations show that enlarging the time interval between chemotherapy cycles would maintain the therapeutical efficacy, while limiting toxicity and defering the development of resistances. This may allow for improved drug-exposure by administering a larger number of cycles for longer treatment periods. A scheme based on this idea consisting of an induction phase (5 consecutive cycles, 1 per month) and a maintenance phase (12 cycles given in three-months intervals) led to substantial survival benefits in-silico.


A semiclassical formula is derived for the Wigner representation of the quasi-energy states of a quantum map on a torus. It is expressed as a finite sum over the classical fixed points of the map. A criterion for the appearance of 'scars' is presented. Semiclassical Wigner functions of the cat map are calculated and shown to reproduce the exact quantum mechanical results.


In this article, a design of a laser micro displacement measuring system based on the spectral interference of optic fiber principle is presented. This system makes the transmission and interference of laser occur in a single fiber. At the same time, a kind of athermalization probe based on the wedge-shaped fiber and angulated to the fiber is designed, improving the anti-interference ability of the system. Besides, a model of the spectral interference of optical fiber system with the center wavelength of 1550 nm has been set up. The measurement accuracy of the system can research 300 nm and the measurement range can research around 1mm. The system not only has good anti-interference ability but also solves the problem of the coexistence of the nanometer-level measurement accuracy and the large-span measurement range.


The dissertation deals with the analysis of Ukrainian legal terminology of registry documents. It compares registry documents in Czech Republic and in Ukraine and outlines the basic moments in the history of registry documents and related registration of civil status affairs. It also analyses some terms from the point of view of their origin and lexical-semantic relations – synonymy, antonymy, polysemy, paronymy, homonymy, hypernymy and hyponymy. The dissertation suggests possible equivalents in translation of problematic terms in Czech language into the Ukrainian language. Short Ukrainian-Czech glossary of selected terms and presentation of particular registry documents are also included in the dissertation.


There are more than 40 strips of gold lodes in Jiudian gold area.Gold veins are controlled by different structures in all directions.Based on structural characteritics in different directions,relation between structure and gold concentration are classified.Structure with the trend of EW and NE are early period of ore-forming,while the structure with the trend of NNE is late period of ore-forming.The structure with the trend of NNE provide suitalbe conditions for gold concentration.


The invention discloses a pneumatic conveying device which comprises a conveying pipeline, an air feeding device, a material way pressure detecting device, a main flow adjusting device and an intelligent control system, wherein the conveying pipeline is provided with a material falling inlet, the air feeding device is used for introducing compressed air into the conveying pipeline so that materials can fall into the conveying pipeline, the material way pressure detecting device is arranged on the portion, close to the downstream portion of a material falling inlet of the air feeding device, of the conveying pipeline, and the intelligent control system is used for controlling adjustment of the main flow adjusting device according to the material way pressure detected by the material way pressure detecting device. An auxiliary pipeline control system of the pneumatic conveying device comprises a flow detecting device, a flow adjusting device and a controller, wherein the flow detecting device is used for detecting real-time air flow of the auxiliary pipeline, the flow adjusting device is used for adjusting the air flow of the auxiliary pipeline, and the controller comprises a receiving unit, a comparing unit and a processing unit. By the adoption of the pneumatic conveying device and the auxiliary pipeline control system of the pneumatic conveying device, the pressure of a material way mixed with the materials can be directly detected, measuring results and flow adjustment are more accurate, and the utilization rate of a fluidization nozzle and a pressurization nozzle is increased.


A method for the treatment of a suspension, such as pulp, with one or more treatment liquids in a manner that maximizes treatment efficiency and minimizes heat loss. The pulp flows in a flow path confined to a given web thickness, and has first and second opposite sides. Treatment liquid is added to the first side of the flow path at spaced predetermined points along its length. Liquid displaced by the treatment liquid is withdrawn from the second side of the flow path at substantially the predetermined points. The displaced liquid at the first predetermined point along the flow path consists essentially of original suspension liquid, while the liquid fraction of the pulp past the last predetermined point of the flow path is composed mainly of treatment liquid added at the last predetermined point. Treatment can be accomplished at super-atmospheric pressure and at a temperature above 100 DEG C. The web thickness is between about 50-500 mm., and the pulp concentration is between about 7-15 percent and is maintained substantially constant throughout treatment.


High current tolerance is an important factor restricting arrester performance.We selected five representative resistor production factories and whole arrester as the research objects,and experimentally researched the capacity of high current impulse of polymer surge arrester.The test results show that one reason which results in less withstand capability of large current of whole polymer surge arrester is less withstand capability of large current of the resistor.Its improper use of internal insulation parts and poor quality is another factor.Results also show the best tolerance of the high current is to use the tube design of the arrester,poor high current tolerance is the predominate reason of arrester failure rate in strong lightning activity region,and the structure,process,manufacturing quality and resistor chip size are the main constraints.


In current dairy industry, the steam-repress is completed commonly by thermocompressor.But, the thermocompressor of being applied exits a big noise .In paper, it is important improvements of structure of former to new-style structure one ,and new type structure thermocompressor being applied, thermocompressor noise being reduced 78~87dB.


Although deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and white-footed mice (P. leucopus) have been observed to regularly co-occur in habitats, the mechanisms and niche partitioning underlying their continued coexistence are still being determined. During the summer of 2006, eight live-trapping plots were set up around the UNDERC property in mixed hardwood forests. At each site, vegetation surveys were taken to measure ground cover and vertical stratification to test their affect on relative species abundance. A multiple regression was run on both species separately, revealing statistically significant values for the Levins index versus white-footed mice and percent canopy cover versus deer mice. Although results revealed the coexistence of deer mice and white-footed mice on property, the mechanisms behind habitat segregation and resource partitioning still require further investigation. Introduction Previous studies on resource partitioning and the distribution and abundance of rodents in mixed deciduous-coniferous forests have demonstrated that many rodents in the family Cricetidae reduce competition by partitioning vertical space (Vickery, 1980). In the Peromyscus genus, deer mice (P. maniculatus) and white-footed mice (P. leucopus) are both semi-arboreal (Barry, Jr. et al., 1984) and nocturnal (King, 1968) species, which forage for similar food sources and prefer similar habitats, giving them the potential to coexist. Although these two species regularly co-occur in habitats, the mechanisms and niche


Combinatorial testing is a widely used black-box testing technique, which is used to detect failures caused by parameter interactions (we call them faulty interactions). Traditional combinatorial testing techniques provide fault detection, but most of them provide weak fault diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a new fault characterization method called faulty interaction characterization (FIC) and its binary search alternative FIC_BS to locate one failure-causing interaction in a single failing test case. In addition, we provide a tradeoff strategy of locating multiple faulty interactions in one test case. Our methods are based on adaptive black-box testing, in which test cases are generated based on outcomes of previous tests. For locating a t-way faulty interaction, the number of test cases used is at most k (for FIC) or t(dlog2 k] + 1) + 1 (for FIC_BS), where k is the number of parameters. Simulation experiments show that our method needs smaller number of adaptive test cases than most existing methods for locating randomly-generated faulty interactions. Yet it has stronger or equivalent ability of locating faulty interactions.


Two winter storms passed through the Toronto area during November and December 1987. Information from radar, rawinsonde, and surface observations was analyzed in order to determine the kinematic flow fields and thermodynamic environment in the vicinity of the transition at the surface between snow and rain. This region was also linked to heavy precipitation and thunder. Updrafts preferentially occurred over the snow region, and deep near-0°C layers occurred in the transition region. Observations are consistent with a mesoscale circulation initiated by melting snow and possibly with the occurrence of symmetric instability. It is further suggested that large, possibly wet, snowflakes being formed within such deep near-0°C layers would contribute to the radar detection of precipitation bands near the precipitation transition region.


Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the gastrointestinal system.Surgical resection remains the primary treatment of colon cancer.Local recurrence after colon cancer surgery has an important influence on survival and quality of life of the patient and has recently been widely used as an index of surgical expertise.Emergency operation due to obstruction and perforation is an independent factor for local recurrence as well as T and N staging,gross feature,angiolymphatic and perineural invasion.Salvage surgery for locoregional recurrence of colon cancer could provide a chance for long-term survival in selective patients.Resection of recurrent tumor and achievement of negative margin(R0 resection) are the primary conditions for the long-term survival of the patient.Margin status after reresection,number,size and site of locoregional recurrent tumors,TNM staging,CEA level,and distant metastasis are independently associated with cancer-specific survival.