The effect of wall conditions on the counter-rotating conical twin screw extrusion of Rigid Polyvinylchloride(RPVC) is studied.The relationship between the screw wall shear stress and the slip velocity of the flowing melt follows the Navier linear law.The volumetric flow rate and 3D isothermal flow fields of RPVC are calculated under different wall slip conditions in the metering section of a counter-rotating conical twin screw extruder by the use of the evolution technique in Polyflow.The results show that the melt velocity and the velocity gradient are high when there is no slip.The shape of the shear rate isolines is irregular with the distribution in disarray.When the slip coefficient is smaller than 104Pa·s/m,the volumetric flow rate of melt is constant and it is in the full slip condition.When the slip coefficient is greater than 104Pa·s/m,with the decrease of the slip coefficient,the volumetric flow rate increases,the gradients of velocity,pressure and shear rate decrease,and the fluctuation of the pressure along the reference line decreases.The residual stress of the product is thus decreased.As a result,the improvement of the wall condition is beneficial to the stability of polymer extrusion process and the improvement of the product quality.


Objective: To Detection of Ureteric Stone Using Cystatin C "marker in Compare with serum Creatinine. Methods: Between September 2016 to February 2017 at Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital, Urology Department. The study group consisted of 25 healthy subjects as control with age between (20-66)year and 25 patients of Ureteric Stone with age from (20-62)year, the biochemical measurement including human CST 3 (Cystatin C), ELISA kit used in the present study and serum Creatinine test used as biochemical diagnostic assessment. Results : Statistical analysis show significant difference (P 0.05) between the level in the control and patients. In order to confirm the results of cystatin C levels using ELISA , the characteristic of the teqnique :Sensitivity (92%) , Specificity (96%).The characteristic of colorimetric methods test as compare to clinical diagnosis  in detection of Creatinine :Sensitivity (40%) , Specificity (88%). Conclusion: Cystatin C found to be a more accurate than Creatinine in detection the obstruction due to ureteric stone. Keywords : Creatinine, Stone, Cystatin C, Biochemical study, Urinary Tract.


Whether oviparous or viviparous species are more vulnerable to climate warming is a long-standing puzzle. In this study, we developed a novel life history model to quantify the impact of climate change on maternal energy budget and offspring survival of squamate species with either parity mode. We demonstrate that climate warming will increase energy intake by adults without affecting reproductive success and increase offspring survival in viviparous species. In contrast, climate warming will induce a significantly increased reproductive output in oviparous species, which exceeds the energy intake by adults. In particular, in most subtropical regions, warming may cause oviparous females to produce more offspring with reduced survival, leading to low reproductive efficiency. These results suggest that oviparous squamates may be more vulnerable to climate warming than viviparous species in the broad sympatric zone of these species.


Capacitor back comprises a body build border a channel extending between the outlet opening at a second end to the inlet opening and the opposite of the first end, the body portion comprises a polymeric film. The intake port is fixed to the body portion at the inlet opening boundary building the port opening extending through it communicates with the channel. The tubular transfer line inlet opening and the outlet in a first position which is located between the openings in combination with the first end and that the port opening and the intake port to the communication in the engagement with the body portion in order to communicate with the channel, or the in a second position which is located between the intake port and the first position and a second end opposite that coupled to the body portion in order to communicate with the channel.


We had successfully operated the 1020-MHz (24.0 T) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer for 8 months, including the cooling down, shimming, and the 6-month operation for NMR measurements. The NMR superconducting magnet, which had consisted of NbTi and Nb3Sn coils, was upgraded by replacing the innermost Nb3Sn coil with a (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223) one. The Bi-2223 innermost coil was connected in series with Nb3Sn and NbTi coils. The magnet was cooled with pressurized superfluid helium (He II). The steady-state operating temperature was 1.72 K. The magnet was power-supply driven, i.e., the transport current was always supplied by a power supply. A small normal transition and a power outage occurred during the 8-month operation; however, the magnet quench was avoided.


This paper is in response to a request for papers from the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas as part of a National University Competition. A human rescue mission to the asteroid 16 Psyche was designed based around a failed Mars mission scenario. The scenario assumed the second human Mars mission, based on the Mars Design Reference Mission 3.0, failed to propulsively capture into Mars orbit, resulting in a higher energy trajectory headed towards the asteroid belt on an intercept trajectory with 16 Psyche. The task was to design a mission that could rescue the astronauts using existing Mars mission hardware prior to the failure of their life support system. Analysis tools were created in the following six disciplines for the design of the mission: trajectory, propulsion, habitat and life support, space rescue vehicle and earth reentry vehicle, space transfer vehicle, and operations. The disciplinary analysis tools were integrated into a computational framework in order to aid the design process. The problem was solved using a traditional fixed-point iteration method with user controlled design variables. Additionally, two other methods of optimization were implemented: design of experiments and collaborative optimization. These were looked at in order to evaluate their ease of implementation and use at solving a complex, multidisciplinary problem. The design of experiments methodology was used to create a central composite design array and a non-linear response surface equation. The response surface equation allows rapid system level optimization. Collaborative optimization is a true multidisciplinary optimization technique which benefits from disciplinary level optimization in conjunction with system level optimization. By reformatting the objective functions of the disciplinary optimizers, collaborative optimization guides the discipline optimizers toward the system optimum. The size and complexity of this design led to severe problems for the advanced optimization methods. The design space was non-smooth, multi-modal, and highly non-linear. Gradient based optimizers could not dependably gather gradient information or find their way out of local minima. Response surface methods produced poor results due to the non-quadratic nature of the design space. Therefore, the traditional fixed-point iteration method proved to be the most easily implemented and produced the best results.


Summary.  The paper is concerned with a dynamic factor model for spatiotemporal coupled environmental variables. The model is proposed in a state space formulation which, through Kalman recursions, allows a unified approach to prediction and estimation. Full probabilistic inference for the model parameters is facilitated by adapting standard Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for dynamic linear models to our model formulation. The predictive ability of the model is discussed for two different data sets with variables measured at two different scales. Some possibilities for further research are also outlined.


A large target thickness variation is observed in K x-ray cross sections for 55 MeV Br ions on thin solid Ge targets. An excellent description of the data is obtained using a two component model for the beam traveling through the target. The excited beam component (presumably a 2p vacancy) created in a previous collision has an enhanced cross section for K x-ray production compared to the normal beam with no inner shell vacancies. The enhancement factor is determined to be 5.4. At equilibrium the yield of K x-rays from the two collision process is 4.0 times as large as the yield from the single collision process.


Conservation of biological diversity is mainly done through the establishment of a protected areas system. There are over 100,000 protected areas in the world. Kenya has a well established protected area system whose area accounts for almost 8% of Kenya land area. Kenya Wildlife is the lead agency in wildlife conservation and management in Kenya oversees management of wildlife in protected and outside protected areas in the country. Currently Kenya has 27 gazetted national parks spread out in the country. Increasing human population, change in land-use, land fragmentation, urbanization and economic growth continue to exert pressure on the limited natural resources. This progressively leads to loss of critical ecosystem attributes thus posing a threat to the ecological integrity of protected areas.

This study undertook to investigate, identify and establish the typology and severity of environmental hazards in the Lake Nakuru National Park and Nairobi National Park both of which are located very close to fast growing urban centres. The study also sought to establish whether the environmental hazards in the two national parks were similar. The data for this study was mainly generated from the KWS occurrence books maintained by each of the two parks in the period of study 1999 to 2008. Tourism visitation data was used to establish whether there was a relationship between park visitor numbers and environmental hazards reported. The study also aimed at establishing the magnitude of environmental hazard exposure for each park.
The findings of this study indicated that both parks were exposed to a wide range of environmental hazards dominated by human wildlife. conflict, livestock incursion, illegal firewood collection, bush-meat poaching, trophy poaching and wildlife snaring.

The results however indicated that a significant difference existed in the environmental hazards reported in the two parks. Overall the study findings indicated that Nairobi National Park was more exposed to environmental hazards with a count of 224 incidents out of the 437 total environmental hazards reported in the two parks during the study period. A significant strong positive correlation was found between the number of visitors and environmental hazards reported. The results indicated that environmental hazards occurred in areas within and outside the national park boundaries.

The findings clearly indicated that certain environmental hazards that had potential to adversely affect the ecological integrity of the ecosystem were not captured. Such hazards include invasive species and wildlife disease outbreaks among others. This study recommends comprehensive environmental risk assessment focusing on all park attributes to enhance management of the ecological integrity of the protected areas. Such comprehensive environmental risk assessment would form a good baseline for the Environmental Management Systems implementation process.


We study the process of thermal activation mediated by sphaleron transitions by analyzing the real-time dynamics of the decay out of equilibrium in a (1+1)-dimensional field theory with a metastable state. The situation considered is that of a rapid supercooling in which the system is trapped in a metastable state at a temperature larger than the mass of the quanta, but smaller than the energy to create a critical droplet. The initial density matrix is evolved in time and the nucleation rate (probability current at the saddle point) is computed. The nucleation rate is [ital time] [ital dependent], vanishing at early times, reaching a maximum at a time [ital t][approx]1/[ital m] with [ital m] the mass of quanta in the metastable state, and decreasing at long times. An estimate for the average number of particles of true vacuum'' produced as a function of time during the nucleation process is obtained.


Room-temperature Mossbauer spectra have been measured for icosahedral (i-phase) Al 65 Cu 20 Fe 15 and iron-doped decagonal (T-phase) Al 65 Cu 15 Co 20 quasicrystals. The observed T-phase spectrum is qualitatively different from any other known quasicrystal, and unquestionably demonstrates the presence of two quite separate distributions of iron sites in this phase. The results are interpreted in terms of an atomically decorated, prismatic Penrose-tile model of sufficient generality to cover a wide range both of binary and of ternary T-phase compositions


The acid dissociation constants of Calmagite [1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenylazo)-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid] and the formation constants of zinc(II) chelates have been determined spectrophotometrically at 25°C and at the ionic strengths of 0.1 and 1.0. In an ammoniacal medium zinc forms mixed-ligand complexes with Calmagite (I3−) and ammonia (X); ZnIXn−. The formation constants of the zinc(II)-Calmagite chelates are logKZnI=11.75, logKZnI2=7.82, logKZnIXx=2.09, and logKZnIX2x=1.70 (μ=1.0). Calmagite is recommended as an indicator for the titration of zinc(II) with EDTA. The color transition of Calmagite is clearer and sharper, and the aqueous solution of the indicator is more stable, than in the case of Eriochrome Black T.


The Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) facility, now under construction at Legnaro National Laboratories of INFN, is a second-generation accelerator for the production of neutron-rich io...


The interpretation of jazz style is crucial to the element of swing in any jazz ensemble performance. Today, many charts for both large and small instrumental and vocal jazz ensembles are well marked with articulations and expression markings. However, in some cases, there is nothing to guide the musician. This article addresses some common jazz articulations and style situations and provides a set of guidelines to help instructors and students decide how to treat notes and rhythms in swing style. Use of these concepts can help an ensemble sound more authentic and can help students better understand jazz articulations and styles.


Communication - between humans - remains at the heart of software development. This workshop will serve as a forum for those invested in this topic to articulate challenges and solutions, and to build links for further work.


ABSTRACT Expression of the α6β4 integrin increases the invasive potential of carcinoma cells by a mechanism that involves activation of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K). In the present study, we investigated the signaling pathway by which the α6β4 integrin activates PI3K. Neither the α6 nor the β4 cytoplasmic domain contains the consensus binding motif for PI3K, pYMXM, indicating that additional proteins are likely to be involved in the activation of this lipid kinase by the α6β4 integrin. We identified insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 as signaling intermediates in the activation of PI3K by the α6β4 integrin. IRS-1 and IRS-2 are cytoplasmic adapter proteins that do not contain intrinsic kinase activity but rather function by recruiting proteins to surface receptors, where they organize signaling complexes. Ligation of the α6β4 receptor promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 and increases their association with PI3K, as determined by coimmunoprecipitation. Moreover, we identified a tyrosine residue in the cytoplasmic domain of the β4 subunit, Y1494, that is required for α6β4-dependent phosphorylation of IRS-2 and activation of PI3K in response to receptor ligation. Most importantly, Y1494 is essential for the ability of the α6β4 integrin to promote carcinoma invasion. Taken together, these results imply a key role for the IRS proteins in the α6β4-dependent promotion of carcinoma invasion.


Annularly fused azaBODIPY-based organic fluorophores (HBPs 2) containing up to 13 aromatic ring fusions were synthesized by a Suzuki coupling reaction with bromoazadipyrromethenes and a subsequent regioselective oxidative ring-fusion reaction. X-ray analysis indicates almost planar dipyrrin cores for all crystals but overall curved or "wave" conformations for those HBP dyes. These molecules exhibit unique structural and physical properties including excellent spectral selectivity (negligible absorption between 300 and 700 nm), sharp near-infrared (NIR) absorption (up to 878 nm) and emission (up to 907 nm), large extinction coefficient (up to 4.5 × 105 M-1 cm-1), and excellent photostabilities.


Natural killer (NK) cells are essential components of the immune system, and due to their rapid response potential, can have a great impact during early anti‐viral immune responses. We have previously shown that interleukin‐2‐dependent NK and CD4+ T‐cell co‐operative immune responses exist in long‐term simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) ‐infected controlling macaques and can be rescued in SIV‐infected non‐controlling macaques by a short course of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Given that co‐operative responses may play an important role in disease prevention and therapeutic treatment, in the present study we sought to determine if these responses can be enhanced in chronically SIV‐infected macaques by vaccination with a single‐dose of envelope protein given during ART. To this end, we treated 14 chronically SIV‐infected macaques with ART for 11 weeks and gave 10 of these macaques a single intramuscular dose of SIV gp120 at week 9 of treatment. ART significantly decreased plasma and mucosal viral loads, increased the numbers of circulating CD4+ T cells in all macaques, and increased T‐cell‐dependent envelope‐ and gag‐specific interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐α production by circulatory CD56+ NK cells. The therapeutic envelope immunization resulted in higher envelope‐specific responses compared with those in macaques that received ART only. Functional T‐cell responses restored by ART and therapeutic Env immunization were correlated with transiently reduced plasma viraemia levels following ART release. Collectively our results indicate that SIV‐specific T‐cell‐dependent NK cell responses can be efficiently rescued by ART in chronically SIV‐infected macaques and that therapeutic immunization may be beneficial in previously vaccinated individuals.


Milk protein is an important constituent of milk in buffaloes and is moderately heritable. The milk protein percentage varies significantly between breeds/herds/species. Buffaloes can be selected for higher milk protein percentage and this paper provides QTLs for marker assisted selection in buffaloes. The milk protein percentage records on 2,028 daughters belonging to 12 half sib families were analyzed for the identification of QTLs on 8 chromosomes in buffaloes using chromosome scans. The single marker analysis revealed 74 markers to be associated with milk protein percentage in 12 sire families. When common markers were removed from the analysis, 51 markers remained. The Interval mapping using R/qtl identified 69 QTLs in 12 half sib families on 8 chromosomes of buffalo. The meta QTL analysis defined 25 consensus QTL regions in buffaloes for milk protein percentage. Most of the QTLs identified have been reported for cattle however few new chromosomal locations were also identified to be associated with milk protein percentage in buffaloes. Comparative genomics revealed 1117 genes underlying the QTL regions associated with milk protein percentage. Among these, 109 genes were directly associated with protein metabolism. The protein-protein interaction among the genes and gene ontology analysis and pathways have been identified. These 109 genes have potential to be candidate genes for milk protein percentage in buffaloes.


This paper investigates the capacity of an optical wireless channel with an average-intensity constraint in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. When the average intensity of the input is no larger than a small $\mathcal{E}$, the capacity scales as $\mathcal{E}\sqrt{ \frac{\log \frac{1}{\mathcal{E}}}{2} }$.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the level of importance existing among the indicators that were previously defined for a Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) and are relative to franchises in Brazil, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, together with a series of tests, which are responsible by verifying the degree of reliability, robustness and stability of the parameters used and the results obtained. As a result, the author suggests that the diagnosing of the five delimited indicators have different relevance assigned to them. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews extant literatures in Franchise, PMS, Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), in specific the theory about AHP. Findings – The authors found that it was possible justified, for both the relative and the evaluative method, that the I3 was the main point of the system and, as a consequence, be considered as priority when talking about sectorial development of franchises in Brazil. As for the other...


Tensiomyography (TMG) is a non-invasive technique commonly used for evaluating muscle properties in highly trained athletes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of m. triceps surae in competitive runners through TMG measurement and analyze if there was a relationship with running economy (RE). Nine male runners completed the study (mean±SD: age 40.4±9.0 years, body height 176.2±4.9 cm, body mass 70.7±9.4 kg, 10-km time 39.8±5.9 min, VO2peak 56.9 ± 6.5 mL kg-1 min-1). Each subject visited the lab on two occasions with 72h of rest between the trials. On the first day, an incremental test was performed to determine their ventilatory thresholds and peak oxygen consumption. On the second day, RE was evaluated on a treadmill at the velocity of their first ventilatory threshold (VT1), and mechanical characteristics of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were analyzed with TMG. Significant differences were found between the economic and non-economic runners in m. soleus in delayed time (Td), contraction time (Tc), and maximal radial displacement of the muscle belly (Dm). Also, significant differences were found in contraction time (Tc) in medium calf (MC) and in half relaxation time (Tr) in lateral twin (LT). The main finding of our study was that the runners with better RE showed greater stiffness in the triceps surae muscles, an aspect that seems to be associated with better performance in athlete runners.Key words: running economy (RE), tensiomyography (TMG), m. triceps surae, m. gastrocnemius, m. soleus


A study examined public attitudes toward entrepreneilrs and small business owners and people's perceptions of the entrep,eneurial character and challenge. Information was gathered from two surveys, composed of three samples, conducted in 1985. Samples included: (1) 1,001 persons contacted through random telephone dialing; (2) 250 telephone interviews with people drawn randomly from Detroit; and (3) 503 random interviews drawn from Michigan exclusive of Detroit. Results were reported separately for each of the three samples and for geographic subregions within the United States. The survey found that nearly one-fifth of the national sample gave job creation a very high rating as a public issue and that people perceive large businesses as more important than new and small ones in creating jobs and economic opportunity. One portion of the survey found the perception that entrepreneurs and small business owners were less politically influential than persons holding other occupations such as union leaders, corporate executives, federal workers, teachers, and farmers. Most agreed that entrepreneurship gives more control over one's life, and a substantial number exhibited the risk-taking characteristics of entrepreneurs. Respondents in all samples perceived substantial barriers for blacks and women wanting to start a business. Throughout the discussion, responses to these questions were compared for differences related to regional residence, gender, race, nativity, income and education, size of employer, and experience as a business owner. Relatively little regional variation in attitudes was found. (KC) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that Can be made * * from the original document. * ***********************************************************************


We study the following two-order differential equation, where , . and are real analytic functions in and , periodic in , and quasi-periodic in with frequencies . Under some odd-even property of and , we obtain the existence of invariant curves for the above equations by a variant of small twist theorem. Then all solutions for the above equations are bounded in the sense of .


(2002). Poverty and Environmental Degradation: Challenges within the Global Economy. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 8-19.


In this study, a digital terrain analysis had been performed for a mountainous watershed having wetlands. In order to consider the impact for wetland in the flow determination algorithm, the Laplace equation is implemented into the upslope accounting algorithm of wetness computation scheme. The computational algorithm of wetland to spatial contribution of downslope area and wetness was also developed to evaluate spatially distributed runoff due to the presence of wetland. Developed schemes were applied to Wangpichun watershed located Chuncuk mountain at Ulzingun, South Korea. Both spatial distribution of wetness and its histogram indicate that the developed scheme provides feasible consideration of wetland impact in spatial hydrologic analysis. The impact of wetland to downslope propagation pattern is also useful to evaluate spatially distributed runoff distribution.


J Cardiovasc Nurs 2002;17(1):56–68 © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. ness of and interaction with the environment, (b) lowered motility and muscular activity, and (c) partial or complete abeyance of voluntary behavior and consciousness."1(p. 2) Sleep deprivation, including decreased quantity and continuity, is common in patients who are patients and persons with acute and chronic illness. Numerous intrinsic (eg, age, gender, illness, primary sleep disorders) and extrinsic (eg, environment, medical treatment) factors are thought to influence sleep throughout the preoperative period, hospitalization, and recovery. Resulting sleep pattern disturbances include decreases in circadian patterning, continuity, duration, and perceived (subjective) sleep quality. Sleep deprivation results in decrements in daytime physical functioning and emotional well-being through complex biochemical, autonomic, and neurophysiologic mechanisms that have not been completely elucidated. The proposed model of sleep during recovery (see Fig 1) illustrates factors that are likely influences on sleep in Sleep During Hospitalization and Recovery after Cardiac Surgery


Comment on Baumforth et al, page [2138][1]

Baumforth and colleagues provide evidence implicating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced up-regulation of autotaxin expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).

The observation that a proportion of


Researchers at the University of Waikato visit caves on a periodic basis to collect samples of drip water, which over geological timeframes form stalagmites and other formations. However, most caves are remotely located, which makes it an arduous task to reach the study site and is economically unfeasible for frequent visits. This paper presents the position control aspect of the cave auto-sampler, which is a crucial operation to store water samples in an airtight container. The primary challenge was to position airtight sample vials under the needles for sample collection, within 3.5mm from the centre of the silicone septa. Various methods and makes of stepper motors were tested to find the balance between precision and power saving. A high gear ratio stepper motor was chosen as the primary drives due to its high precision and its ability to hold position when power is turned off between operations. Testing in lab conditions showed satisfactory consistency regarding position control and is integrated into the auto-sampler.


This paper proposes a High voltage gain dc-dc converter which can be used in running house-hold appliances.Systems such as Photovoltaic energy conversion systems, fuel-cells, High-Intensity Discharge lamp (HID), DC back-up energy systems, and electric vehicles systems usually need high voltage gain. The converter employs dual coupled inductor whose primary are connected in parallel to share the input current and reduce the current ripple at the input. The secondary sides of coupled inductors are connected in series for increasing the voltage gain and balancing the primary-parallel currents. But the main problem associated with this system is that due to less voltage gain it cannot be used for useful applications such as running house-hold appliances. Inorder to alleviate the problem, existing system is modified using an inverter section with L-C filter. The turns ratio is also increased to improve the voltage gain further. Moreover, the high output voltage so obtained is utilized in running household appliances efficiently.A prototype circuit rated at 225 W output power is implemented in the laboratory, and the experimental results shows agreement with the theoretical analysis.


The government is implementing a number of programs in rural areas through the state Govt. and other change agencies for health issues, education and awareness for social issues etc. The grass-root communication for development approaches rural people where they are at the centre of any given development initiative. In rural areas, there are many formal communication channels through which the change agents work for people. Apart from the formal channels, there are also certain informal channels of communications through which the rural people get or collect information. The communication bridges built between public institutions, rural organizations and people generate the opportunities to ensure share of knowledge and experience needed for rural development and rural development is a process of action with economic, political, cultural and social dimensions. Communication in the primitive societies not only fulfils the social need but also fulfils various physiological and survival needs of society. In primitive society, it maintains and animates life and integrates its traditional knowledge. It runs like a thread linking the past and the present culture through various legends, lore, poems and myths.The present paper has tried to know the exact channels of communication through which rural people prefer to get information on various educational, social and health information. Total 184 samples are collected from two rural villages of Rajasthan state. The findings of this study reveal that people of rural areas are using much informal sources of communication like midwives, neighbours, chaupal etc. Formal sources like teacher, social workers, and newspapers are playing a vital role in rural areas.


In this paper, we analyze wage sensitivity to labour market disequilibrium at a macroeconomic level in several OECD countries. We estimate a model for nominal and real wages using a novel asymmetric cointegrating approach that allows us to distinguish between downward and upward rigidities. We show that there are important rigidities in the short and in the long-run but the degree of stickiness is not homogenous among countries. Moreover, there is no clear relationship between wage rigidity and employment protection legislation. These results suggest that real rigidity is too high to compensate for the loss of the exchange rate in the case of EMU countries. JEL Classification: C32, E24, J30, E24.


HERA, the only ep collider, operated in the years 1992-2007 at centre-of-mass energies of 300-320 GeV in Hamburg, Germany. Deep inelastic neutral and charged current scattering at HERA provides the possibility to study the structure of the proton, the dynamics of strong interactions and test quantum chromodynamics (QCD) over a huge kinematic range. Both, neutral and charged current interactions provide complementary information on the QCD and electroweak parts of the Standard Model. In addition, HERA data allow for indirect searches for new phenomena originating at large scales, however, no evidence for the new physics has been found. The full statistics of data collected at HERA have been used for most of the measurements performed by H1 and ZEUS which are presented in this document.


We present first-principles total-energy calculations of water adsorption on the $\mathrm{Zn}\mathrm{O}(10\overline{1}0)$ surface. We find that on ideal $\mathrm{Zn}\mathrm{O}(10\overline{1}0)$ surfaces, the fully molecular chemisorption is most energetically favorable at coverage $\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ML}$, whereas at 1 ML, the mixed adsorption with a $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ superstructure is most energetically favorable. However, the mixed adsorption with a $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ superstructure is only 0.07 eV higher per ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ molecule than the mixed adsorption with a $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ superstructure. Therefore, we expect that domains with mixed $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ and $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ structures may also exist at elevated temperatures. Moreover, we find that oxygen vacancies in the surface significantly affect the adsorption behavior. For an oxygen vacancy density $\ensuremath{\leqslant}25%$, the dissociative adsorption is energetically preferred at water coverage $\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ML}$ and the mixed adsorption is energetically favorable at water coverage $\ensuremath{\geqslant}0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ML}$. The further increase of oxygen vacancy density promotes the dissociative adsorption.


Summary Rotation systems and allelopathic interactions between plants-plants, plants-insects, plants-microorganisms would be important to exploit allelopathy in optimising the production of rotation systems. The objective of this study is to provide evidences for the importance of allelopathy in crop rotation for weed, insect and disease management with minimal application of external inputs. The relationships between allelochemicals and environmental factors are a key for the growth of plants under rotation. Examples from field crops, forage crops, horticultural species, weeds, and microbes provide evidences for the role allelopathy plays in crop rotation systems. In conclusion, the selection of certain plant sequences under standard environmental conditions may lead to suppression of weeds, insects and diseases and avoid yield decline.


Three new 2-methoxy acetylenic acids (1–3) and a known derivative (4), in addition to three new natural pyrazole alkaloids (5–7) were isolated from an Indonesian marine sponge of the genus Cinachyrella. Compounds 5 and 6 have previously been reported as synthetic compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy as well as by mass spectrometric data. The absolute configuration of the new acetylenic acid derivatives (1–3) was established by ECD spectroscopy. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Compounds 1–4 exhibited strong activity with an IC50 value of 0.3 µM. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for the pyrazole metabolites 5–7 is proposed.


Discard studies have demonstrated that waste is more than just a symptom of an all-too-human demand for meaning or a merely technical problem for sanitary engineers and public health officials. The afterlife of waste materials and processes of waste management reveal the centrality of transient and discarded things for questions of materiality and ontology and marginal and polluting labor and environmental justice movements, as well as for critiques of the exploitation and deferred promises of modernity and imperial formations. There is yet more waste will tell us, especially as more studies continue to document the many ways that our wastes are not only our problem, but become entangled with the lives of nonhuman creatures and the future of the planet we share.


310 Background: Advanced PC patients with ≥ 3Ls of chemo or ECOG PS 2 are generally excluded from clinical trials. SM88 demonstrated no drug related AEs > grade 2 in an interim prostate phase 2 (JCO 2018 36:6S P 175). We sought to determine the feasibility of a trial in this vulnerable population using SM88. Methods: Prospective randomized phase 2 of SM-88 (tyrosine derivative, CYP3a4 inducer, mTOR and oxidative stress catalyst) in patients with locally PD or mPC, ECOG PS < 2 and ≥ 2 weeks from prior therapy. Results: Mean age = 64.9 (range 45.6-84.1); 45.5% female, 93.1% white, 6.9% other; median prior lines = 3 (range 1-6); 12% had prior RT and 17% surgery. Median ECOG PS was 1 with 36.6% 0, 63.3% 1 and 0% ECOG PS 2. From April 2018 to this abstract deadline, 72 patients at 24 sites have consented; 36 patients initiated therapy, 19 failed screening and 17 remained in screening. Time from opening trial to first patient consented = 5.1 wks; median time last regimen to consent = 6.7 wks; from consent to drug administration (C1D1) = 1.7 wks. Subjects traveled up to 2600 miles to enroll at a site with an open slot. Median number of subjects/site = 3 (1-15). Median time on trial is 52 days (1-22 wks). There were 15 unrelated SAEs among 36 randomized subjects; three subjects died after consenting but before receiving study drug (table). Grade 4 and 5 SAEs∗ were more common before receiving drug or unrelated to drug (26/94) than at least possibly drug related (0/17) (Fisher p < 0.05). Efficacy using RECIST, PERCIST and BICR along with CTCs, 19.9, NLR, PROs and other outcomes are being collected with high compliance. Conclusions: This prospective SM88 trial suggests that heavily pretreated PC patients with criteria that includes less than ideal ECOG can participate and gain access to novel therapies. This trial plans to enroll 99 additional subjects in under a year. Although ECOG 2 was allowed none have been consented to date and may reflect investigator bias on enrollment or PS assessment. Investigators can meet the needs of this patient population by considering them for inclusion in future drug development trials. Clinical trial information: NCT03512756. [Table: see text]


The objectives of this study was to investigate whether consuming of protected glutamine (PG) before parturition in close up period would affect dry matter intake (DMIkg/d), blood urea nitrogen (BUNmg/dl), body condition score (BCS) and biomarkers of oxidative stress, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX units/ml PCV) and Total Antioxidant Status (TASmmol/L). Thirty six pregnant Holstein dairy cows were assigned into two treatment groups based on their BCS and expected calving date in t student examination. Treatment groups consisted of 1)glutamine supplementat - ion100 g/d per cow from 21d before calving until parturition (F), 2) glutamine unsupplementation from 21d before calving until parturition (N). There weren't any significant differences among treatments in DMI and BCS on d -21,-14 ,-7 and calving day before parturition. There weren't significant differences in The total antioxidant status(TAS) but plasma glutathione Peroxidase activity (GPX) was significant difference between two group and was greater for (F) group at -7d before calving (57.44 vs 47.94 and p≤0.05 respectively) and -14 (45.87 vs 41.72 and p≤0.04 respectively) before parturition. It seems that supplementation diets with glutamine on the close up period can enhance plasma glutathione Peroxides activity (GPX) and the best level of formaldehyde for protection of glutamine is 1%.


Experimental research on four coals of a 420 t/h unit boiler was carried out by thermal balance and sedimentation furnace.The combustion features of coals and the NOx emission of coals were analyzed.The contrast analysis was conducted between several low NOxcombustion technologies,and the current burner was diagnosed.The boiler reforming in the scheme of SOFA can meet the NOx emission standard of power plant.


Objective To study the clinical application of quantitative ultrasound to diagnostic criterion of osteoporosis and fracture threshold for post menopause women.Methods 399 healthy women aged over 40 years and 70 postmenopausal women with history of fracture in Beijing area included in this study.Speed of sound (SOS) was mearsured in the middle of tibia by ultrasound scan (Sound Scan 2000,Myriad,lsreal).Results The rate of bone loss was increased for females after 50 years of age.Taking the mean SOS in young females aged 20 40 years minus 2.0SD and 2 5SD as cut off values, the mean minus 2.0SD was found in SOS of 56 in 70 fractured females 16 7% of 165 healthy women and in 80.0% of fractured postmenopausal women,while the mean SOS minas 2 5SD was found in 12 7% of healthy women and in 67 1% of fractured postmenopausal women. Conclusion The peak bone mass value of mean SOS of tibia minus 2.0 SD may be used as diagnostic criterion of osteoporosis. The mean SOS in tibia of young females aged 20 40 years minus 2 SD can be taken as the fracture threshold risk for postmemopausal women in Beijing area.


Explaining the behavior of black box machine learning models through human interpretable rules is an important research area. Recent work has focused on explaining model behavior locally i.e. for specific predictions as well as globally across the fields of vision, natural language, reinforcement learning and data science. We present a novel model-agnostic approach that derives rules to globally explain the behavior of classification models trained on numerical and/or categorical data. Our approach builds on top of existing local model explanation methods to extract conditions important for explaining model behavior for specific instances followed by an evolutionary algorithm that optimizes an information theory based fitness function to construct rules that explain global model behavior. We show how our approach outperforms existing approaches on a variety of datasets. Further, we introduce a parameter to evaluate the quality of interpretation under the scenario of distributional shift. This parameter evaluates how well the interpretation can predict model behavior for previously unseen data distributions. We show how existing approaches for interpreting models globally lack distributional robustness. Finally, we show how the quality of the interpretation can be improved under the scenario of distributional shift by adding out of distribution samples to the dataset used to learn the interpretation and thereby, increase robustness. All of the datasets used in our paper are open and publicly available. Our approach has been deployed in a leading digital marketing suite of products.


Medical statistics is not only a branch of statistics, it is also a branch of medicine. Without medical problems, medical statistics would not exist, and statistical ideas are fundamental to medical research. It is a difficult subject, requiring both technical knowledge and experience of the special problems posed by medical data. This is recognised in the presence of statisticians in most medical schools, but there are not enough for the work to be done. As a result, most application of medical statistics is by clinicians. The general lack of expertise in medical statistics is clear from the literature, from numerous critical


An analysis of the key outputs, outcomes and impacts that have arisen to date from HRB research grants awarded in the ten-year period from 2000 to 2009.


Trust in journalism is highly relevant for society. Within the past years, especially during the COVID19-pandemic, trust in journalism became a recurring subject of public debate in Germany: Journalism is often vilified as 'lying press' and the legitimacy of traditional media is increasingly questioned. While in Germany, unlike other countries, we do not see a crisis in media trust, there nonetheless is a certain share of the population being skeptical towards traditional journalism. News outlets therefore need to ask themselves how to win back these sections of their audience and strengthen trust in their work. So far, research on media trust has largely focused on the audience – the journalistic perspective has hardly been examined. By conducting 29 interviews with German journalists, this paper aims to analyze which strategies news outlets pursue to cultivate trust in their work. Three main approaches to trust-building can be identified: The quality oriented, the audience engagers and the transparent. The results enable us to get a clearer overview on how news outlets try to regain and build their audience's trust – which presents starting points for both journalism practice and research.


The social sciences have had a good run with linear models, in which effects are proportionate to their causes. Nearly all of our theoretical models, in fields as diverse as microeconomics and evolutionary game theory, are equilibrium theories, which examine the properties of various fixed points and analyze the conditions under which they are selected. In contrast, "complexity" uses different mathematical tools to investigate nonlinear processes. But linear models have the advantages of simplicity and power. Is there a real need to import the theoretical apparatus of "complexity" into the social sciences? Or might it be merely the latest example of Fashionable Nonsense?

As it turns out, one need not seek very far to discover nonlinear dynamics in the social world. And if more than one attractor exists, the resulting variation in dynamical behavior will be mistaken for noise if one assumes linearity. In the past two or three decades, interest in complexity has burgeoned across the social sciences. Under the banner of complexity, researchers have investigated questions as dissimilar as the causes of the Maya collapse, the spread of disease, the origins of syntax, the structural properties of cities, and the evolution of culture. Presently, the mathematical tools needed to analyze complexity present an entry barrier for many social scientists. But generation time in graduate schools is short, and the physicists who have taken the lead in the application of complexity to social science are beginning to have their elbows jostled by social scientists with a new set of skills. As for the likely impact, it is still early days. But one change that is already visible on the horizon has to do with history, which plays no role in equilibrium analysis, but is intrinsic to many of the questions and methods developed to study complex systems.

Keywords:

complexity;
critical transitions;
resilience;
irrigation;
positivist dispute;
Daisyworld model;
Dictator Game;
cities;
Green Revolution;
networks;
self-organized criticality


Large product variety in mass customization involves a high internal complexity level inside a companyís operations, as well as a high external complexity level from a customerís perspective. In order to reach a competitive advantage through mass customization, it is necessary to cope with both problems. This is done within the scope of variety formation and variety steering tasks: Variety formation supports customers during the configuration task according to their preferences and knowledge, variety steering tasks internally deal with finding the customizerís optimal offer. Driven by this economic background, we present a comprehensive multi-agent based design for a configuration process in this paper. It is identified as a suitable solution approach integrating both perspectives. The mass customized products are assumed to be based on a modular architecture and each module variant is associated with an autonomous rational agent. Agents must compete with each other in order to join product variants which suit real customersí requirements. The negotiation process is based on a market mechanism supported by the target costing concept and a Dutch auction. Significance: The proposed multi-agent based configuration process enables the achievement of mass customization by reducing the external complexity from customerís perspective and supporting managers in variety steering decisions which aim at reducing the internal complexity from a companyís perspective.


A wireless actuating drug delivery system was devised. The system is based on induction heating for drug delivery. In this study, thermally generated nitrogen gas produced by induction heating of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was utilized for pressure-driven release of the drug. The delivery device consists of an actuator chamber, a drug reservoir, and a microchannel. A semicircular copper disc (5 and 6 mm in diameter and 100 µm thick), and thermal conductive tape were integrated as the heating element in the actuator chamber. The final device was 2.7 mm thick. 28 µl of drug solution were placed in the reservoir and the device released the drug quickly at the rate of 6 µl s−1 by induction heating at 160 µT of magnetic intensity. The entire drug solution was released and dispersed after subcutaneous implantation under identical experimental condition. This study demonstrates that the device was simply prepared and drug delivery could be achieved by wireless actuation of a thin, pressure-driven actuator.


The purpose of this study to find the message in the architectural skin established by Herzog's and de Meuron's architecture through media theory of Marshall McLuhan. The characteristics of the media message appearing in the Herzog's and de Meuron's architectural skin are realistic methods of 'projecting the change in time to vision through various information on the architectural skin', 'making a time change through the medium of additional information of main information', or acquiring a new sense of space by 'adding information to the architectural skin and causing time inter-penetration inside a brain with past experiences and memories', which have led the qualitative growth of modern architecture. Therefore, in that a city itself is the forest of media creating information, the architectural skin of modern architecture in the information-oriented society becomes the intermediate media of communication, and should be understood by an observer as the qualitative pursuit to make the sharing of information function as the message of emotional communion.


Transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) was described for the first time in 1959 by Curtis and Kinkade, they presented three cases of transient osteoporosis of the hip in women on the third trimester of pregnancy [1,2]. TOH is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It mainly affects pregnant women on the third trimester and middleaged men. It rarely affects children and non-pregnant women. Its evolution is usually benign, being the hip fracture the most serious complication. The authors present a clinical case of TOH in a nonpregnant woman, complicated with hip fracture.


Virtual worlds are being increasingly used in education, often for their flexibility in facilitating student-directed learning. As flexibility for self-paced learning increases, however, the challenge of guiding students' learning trajectories towards the intended outcomes also increases, as does the need to provide appropriate support and guidance. LAMS presents one method of structuring student activities while providing targeted support, and as such may be a useful tool for teachers educating within virtual worlds. This paper reports on the use of LAMS within a virtual world project with high school students, and identifies both opportunities and challenges for integration of LAMS and virtual worlds. Improvements are identified for further integration of LAMS and virtual worlds.


The invention, of sodium channel-mediated diseases or conditions, such as pain, sodium channel as useful in the treatment of other diseases and conditions associated with the mediation of sodium channels as well (e. G., NaV1.7) the compound and the compound having activity as inhibitors It provides a method for using the containing composition and the compound and compositions.


Summary: The factors controlling the occurrence of REM sleep (REMS) in the rat may be investigated on the level of the intrinsic REMS cycle (-10 min) or on the level of the circadian cycle (-24 hr). REMS is enhanced in the period that follows immediately after a light-dark (LD) transition. Although the mechanism or the biological significance of the phenomenon is unknown, LD-induced REMS may be useful for studying the REMS recovery cycle. Short LD cycles with a period of 10 min proved to be optimal for triggering REMS episodes. The circadian distribution of sleep is similar under entrained (LD 12: 12) and free-running conditions (e.g., continuous darkness), and hence is mainly determined by endogenous factors. The predominance of slow wave sleep (SWS) in the beginning of the daily rest phase and the slight increasing gradient of REMS throughout the phase render the circadian sleep pattern in rat and man rather similar. Episodes of non-REMS (NREMS) are long at the beginning of the rest phase and then become progressively shorter, whereas the duration of REMS episodes is more constant. On the other hand, the episode frequency of the two sleep states varies in parallel. The daily amount of REMS is enhanced during schedules with continuous or intermittent light. It is con cluded that (1) the succession of NREMS and REMS within the REMS cycle reflects the interdependence of the two sleep states, and (2) the differences in their circadian distribution are principally a result of specific' regulatory mech anisms determining the maintenance and "intensity" of NREMS episodes.


Although Dr. James Parkinson wrote his classic essay "The Shaking Palsy" almost 200 years ago to inform the scientific and medical communities about the disease that now bears his name, the fundamental dynamics of Parkinson disease (PD) are still not fully understood.1 Perhaps because the criteria for diagnosing PD all relate to movements, many people, including physicians, have the misconception that PD primarily is a movement disorder when, in fact, it has a great impact on many other physical and psychological functions as well. In light of the absence of a definitive understanding of the basic etiology of PD and the comprehensive scope of its impact, the medical responses to this neurodegenerative disease often are influenced by misconceptions based on myths and false assumptions.


INTRODUCTION
There is a dearth of knowledge on smoking cessation in older adults. This study examined predictors of smoking cessation in persons over age 75.

METHODS
This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal study. A sample of 619 older persons aged 75-94 was drawn from a representative cohort of older persons in Israel and was examined longitudinally. By means of interviews, we assessed smoking, health, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL, cognitive dysfunction, and well-being.

RESULTS
Continuing smokers tended to be lonelier. Participants who quit smoking took more medications and had greater cognitive dysfunction compared to those who continued smoking.

CONCLUSIONS
Greater cognitive dysfunction and high medication use or the physical causes for high medication use may precipitate smoking cessation in persons aged 75-94, potentially through a greater influence of caregivers on one's lifestyle.

IMPLICATIONS
Cognitive dysfunction and high medication use predicted smoking cessation. Smoking cessation for long time smokers may be influenced by greater ill health. Influence of caregivers may augment smoking cessation. Given these findings, for persistent smokers into old age, smoking cessation may occur at the time of physical and functional decline during the end of life period.


The invention relates to a method and system (1) for identifying a damage caused to a vehicle, the method comprising the steps of: - capturing at least one image of the vehicle by a device (2) Seizure images; - transmission of the captured image to a server (3) distant, and - processing of the captured image, characterized in that the image capture step comprises a sub device of the guide step (2) of capture images to a predefined area of the vehicle.


IN A REVIEW covering a three and one-half year period one cannot completely appraise all the interesting and significant papers which have appeared since December 1943. A detailed report of the investigations in the field of cardiovascular disease during this interval would comprise an extensive volume. It has therefore been necessary, in order to achieve reasonable brevity, to stress only those aspects of the subject which represent the most original contributions to the field and which in our opinion hold the greatest promise for the future. ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC ASPECTS The traditional concepts of the structure and functions of the conducting tissues of the heart have recently been subjected to a critical review by the Glomsets and Birge.1Being unable to convince themselves of the existence of a special muscular conducting bundle in the dog or in man, they surveyed the literature to see if the experience of


The apparatus for assembling casements with integrated insulating glass pane, which frame is formed a plastic hollow profiles (21) (51) having an inner side (23), one of the inner side (23) outer side facing away from (22) and two flanks (24, 25) which connect the inside (23) and the outer side (22) with each other, wherein the frame (51) on its inside (23) two mutually parallel webs (26, 27), which form an all-round boundary of the window opening of the window sash and two glass sheets (52, 53) are glued, which (26, 27) are held at a distance by the two webs, - with a horizontal conveyor (62) which is provided adjustable in height on a base frame (55), - attached with the base frame (55) from the base (55) upstanding frame (57), attached to which is above the horizontal conveyor (62) parallel to said at least three adjacent rows of support elements (61) which is adjustable in height and arranged so that it on the horizontal conveyor (62) conveyed glass sheets (52, 53) and frame (51) in a vertical or inclined position a few degrees to the rear support and can lead, - mounted with a front of the horizontal conveyor (62) on the lower frame (55) front frame (63) which is formed like a frame and transverse to the horizontal conveyor (62) is displaceable on the base frame (55), - arranged with a behind the horizontal conveyor (62) on the base (55) and rear frame (64) which is formed like a frame and transverse to the horizontal conveyor (62) on the base (55) is displaceable, - wherein both the front frame (63) and the rear frame (64) is a horizontal cross-member (67) slidable up and down, and a vertical bar (80) are mounted horizontally displaceable, - with stamps (70, 70a) (attached to a fixed lower beam (77) to the horizontal sliding bar (67) on the sliding vertical crosspiece (80) and an upstanding parallel to this post (65) of the front frame attached 63) and of the back frame (64) and horizontally and a few degrees to the horizontal inclined transversely, in particular at right angles (to the conveying direction of the horizontal conveyor 62) can be displaced, wherein mounted the (at the front frame 63) die (70, 70a) in direction of the rear frame (64) can be advanced and the rear frame (64) provided punch (70, 708) toward the front frame (63) can be advanced, - and with suckers (78, 85, 86) which at the front frame (63) and / or the rear frame (64) are provided and of which attached to the front frame (63), suction (78, 85, 86) to the rear frame (64) facing, while the rear frame (64) provided suckers (78, 85, 86) facing the front frame (63).


The Linear Prediction Vocoder (LIPREDER) System is an analysis-synthesis speech processing system which efficiently converts speech into digital form at voiceband data rates. The objective of our study was to optimize the LIPREDER system in terms of performance and complexity for a wide selection of talkers and sentences at data rates of 3600 and 7200 b/s. The optimized LIPREDER system produces synthetic speech quality which represents a substantial improvement over previous voice encoders operating at voiceband data rates. Evaluation results indicate that for most talkers and text there is little or no perceptible quality difference between the synthetic speech produced by LIPREDER systems at 3600 and 7200 b/s. Additionally, implementation of the LIPREDER system appears to be technically feasible.


This paper develops the combined use of numerical simulation with core analysis to account for the impact of multi scale rock heterogeneity on equivalent relative permeability. In this workflow laboratory measurements that are a variation of conventional SCAL tests are used to derive properties for the parameterisation of an accurate digital rock model for simulation. An equivalent relative permeability at the range of capillary numbers relevant to flow in the reservoir is derived from numerical simulations of core floods that include capillary pressure heterogeneity. We present results in which digital rock models have been developed alongside core flood observations for three applications: (1) A Bentheimer sandstone with a simple axial heterogeneity to demonstrate the validity and limitations of the approach, (2) a reservoir rock from the Bunter sandstone in the UK North Sea targeted for CO2 storage, and (3) a Berea sandstone with small layered heterogeneities for which a CO2-EOR coreflooding program is planned. There are layered heterogeneities present in each rock ranging from multi-cm scale for the Bentheimer to mm-scale for the Berea sandstone. Simulation results on the Bentheimer and Bunter sandstone models show that equivalent relative permeability at low flow rates will be lower than viscous limit relative permeability by a factor of 5.


The present invention has the capacity to provide non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having excellent thermal stability is lithium nickel complex oxide A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the positive electrode active material and manufacturing method suitable for industrial production and its high stability consisting of. The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery Step positive electrode active material comprising a lithium nickel composite oxide represented by the general formula (1): (Wherein, M1 represents at least one element selected from transition metal elements, a Group 2 element and Group 13 element other than Ni, a is satisfied, and the 0.01≤a≤0.5, b satisfies the 0.85≤b≤1.05 ), lithium amount of the lithium compound present on the surface of the lithium nickel composite oxide provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery Step positive electrode active material, characterized in that not more than 0.10% by mass relative to the total amount. The positive electrode active material is obtained after it was washed at a temperature of the sintering powder 10 to 40 ℃ by filtration and drying.


The standardized three-point bending CTOD test as a fracture toughness test of materials has established a system in which the safety evaluation of brittle fracture of welded steel structures can be reasonably handled from the viewpoint of design, manufacture, and inspection. However, the evaluation system, which has been applied to the design, has been thoroughly examined for its validity by various experiments, analysis, and various problems have been found as a result of the application to the thick and high strength steel sheet. In particular, the concept that the failure limit evaluated by three-point bending CTOD is the same in the real structural members has been applied to the design. However, experimental and analytical results have been reported that the CTOD results do not satisfy the mechanical parameters that govern the fracture limit of cracked members. In this study, evaluated the suitability of 9% Ni steel as the inner tank material of LNG storage tank using weibull stress. For this purpose, we calculated the weibull stress from the CTOD test and predicted the failure stress and load of the real structure in consideration of the restraining effect.


Objective To investigate the regional reference intervalsvalue of serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D3in infants under 43 years old. Methods According to CLSI C28-A3, selected 2 027 cases of healthy infants under 43 years old were selected from the pediatric outpatient service and outpatient service forof treating new-borns in Yuhang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital from May, 2011 to April, 2012. All cases were divided into fivesix groups(1 months, 28 days, 11-3 months, 4-112 months, 1-2 years old, 13-24 month 2-3 years old, and older than 3 years) by age according to different ages. Similarly, the cases were divided into four groups(spring, summer, autumn, winter) by seasons. After 8-12 hours fasting, 1-2ml venous blood was drawned and the serum were immediately separated,theseparated and serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D3were analyzed using automatic electrochemical luminescence immune analyzer(Roche Ccobas e601) with original reagents, the test results were used to establishcount the reference intervals. Results The reference intervals of serum vitamin D3of 2 027 infants was 30.70(12.17-81.63) ng/ml. There was no significant difference between male and female infants(Z=0.712, P=0.476). However, the differences between different age groups were significant(χ2=93.401, P0.001). The results were maintains in a higherr level forlevel in newborns, it began to decrease at first to third months and began to rise at fourth to eleventh months, it reached a highest level at 1 year old, after that, the level began to gradually fall with the age increasing, the result nearly reached the same level of children after 3 years old. Tthere was significant differences(χ2=62.625, P0.001) between different seasons.The level of serum vitamin D3in spring or summer was higher than those in autumn or winter. Conclusion This study preliminary establishes the regional infants serum 25(OH)D3reference intervals using electrochemical luminescence immunoassay and provides scientific references for diagnosing deficiency of vitamin D.


("Institutional Amphibiousness and the Transition from Communism: The Case of China," British Journal of Political Science 24 [July 1994]: 293–318), and elaborates most creatively upon, that explains much of the transformations. In other words, institutions designed to foster and legitimize the system (ideological departments, party academy, theoretical journals, think tanks) came to undermine the role they were supposed to play. This may explain unexpected intellectual trajectories within the nomenklatura, including some spectacular apostasies, but they were themselves responses to the system's insoluble moral and cultural crisis. Cynicism, corruption, and cronyism were the rampant pathologies to which Gorbachevism tried to offer antidotes. Brown's thoughtful analysis culminates in the final chapter on Gorbachev and his era in perspective. Whereas Yakovlev came to the conclusion that Stalinism was inseparable from the whole Bolshevik tradition, which needed to be dramatically and drastically jettisoned,Gorbachev continued to stick to much of the old ideological dramaturgy. He did it for tactical reasons, but also because of his deep inner convictions. Together with many of his associates, he was a child of the 20th Communist Party Congress, the 1956 watershed conclave in which Nikita Khrushchev denounced Stalin's myth. For Yakovlev, Lenin was guilty of crimes against humanity, a stance that Gorbachev would barely endorse.Yet, the break with Leninism, less strident than Yakovlev's, was real. Having myself expressed doubts on this issue, I find Brown's arguments rather convincing. At the end of the day, one can see Gorbachev as a combination of Imre Nagy and Alexander Dubcek: unable to fully abandon the outworn Leninist model, desperately searching for "socialism with a human face," torn between nostalgia for old ideals and the tragic awareness of their hollowness. More than a neo-Menshevik, or a Westernstyle social democrat à la Willy Brandt (whom he admires), Gorbachev remains the last and most influential of those East European Leninist leaders who tried to humanize an inherently inhuman system. This masterful study concludes with an inventory of the major failures and successes associated with the seven years of Gorbachev's rule. First and foremost, his error was not championing economic reforms in the direction of a market economy. Second, he reacted late and often sef-defeatingly to the rise of centrifugal nationalist and separatist movements. Third, he underestimated the nomenkatura's capacity for retrenchement and delayed an alliance with the genuine democratic forces. It was indeed Boris Yeltsin who knew how to capitalize politically on the tempestuous rise of civil society in Russia. On the other hand, it was thanks to Gorbachev and the Gorbachevites that the USSR moved from a state based on contempt for the individual and the rule of law to one in which human and civil rights were taken seriously. Whatever one thinks of Gorbachev's post-Leninist political philosophy, it is certain that he disassociated himself from the obnoxiously despotic features of the old regime. It is the merit of this illuminating book to show how Gorbachev's mental liberation coincided with, and to a great extent caused, the emancipation of Soviet society from the spell of an obtuse ideology based on lies, fear, and opportunism.


On April 6, 2009, the FDA approved a new label for lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) that reflects the drug's potential for cardiac conduction system abnormalities.

Data show that lopinavir/r prolongs the PR interval in some patients. In addition, cases have been reported of second- and …


Abstract : The problem considered is that of rarefied gas flow through a long two-dimenional channel, of length L and width d, connecting two large gas reservoirs at the same tempeature theta, but at slightly different pressures, namely, P1 and P2. The channel walls are also kept at the same temperature theta. Under continuum conditions, the flow rate is known to obey the classical Poiseuille formula. On the other hand, when the mean free path is not very small compared to the width, it is necessary to abandon the continuum approach in favor of the kinetic theory viewpoint. (Author)


In the last few years,the competence for the oceanic rights and interests are becoming increasingly intense,especially for the oceanic boundary and island ownership. We should study and use the oceanic management experience of other developed countries for reference,establishing our own safeguard system of maritime rights and interests,and maritime security mechanism. The introduction of oceanic laws and relative regulations of overseas oceanic countries provides insights into improvements for our oceanic law system. On the basis of research of international oceanic law and oceanic laws of other countries,combining with our actual situations,we should accomplish our own oceanic law construction as soon as possible,and improve our oceanic legal system.


The invention provides a lens which is applied to a lens module and is made of piezoelectric material. The invention further provides a lens module, which comprises a lens cone and a lens which is arranged in the lens cone, the lens module also comprises two electrodes which are arranged at two opposite ends of the lens, and the lens is made of the piezoelectric material.


Carbamate pesticides are used world-wide both in agriculture and in household products, despite their recent implication in the onset of some cancers. In the general population, chronic low-dose exposure occurs mainly through indoor environmental exposure and contaminated food. A fundamental stage in risk assessment studies is the assessment of exposure, and the aim of this paper is to give an overview of the tools available to assess carbamate exposure, both internal and external. The external dose can be estimated by environmental (indoor air or particles inside homes)or individual (respiratory or cutaneous)measurements. The former is by far the most common for assessing carbamate exposure in the general population, for the assessment of individual respiratory and cutaneous contamination require the use of constraining devices and are difficult to implement in epidemiologic studies. The ingestion of carbamates in food is estimated by analysing dietary intake. The internal dose can be measured by assaying carbamates and their metabolites in urine, thus obtaining information about actual exposure, regardless of exposure route. The use of these exposure assessment methods is discussed in terms of their reflection of exposure and their feasibility in epidemiological studies.


Background. The purpose was to analyze the cytokine balance of lacrimal fluid in patients with bacterial keratitis and diabetes mellitus (DM) at the first visit and to identify the immunological aspects of the disease. Materials and methods. The analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentration in the lacrimal fluid was performed in 17 patients with type 1 DM and bacterial keratitis and 15 nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis at the first visit. Data from 14 healthy individuals were used for comparison. In addition to standard ones, ophthalmic examination methods included bacteriological examination, fluorescein test, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, non-contact corneal aesthesiometry. The levels of interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in the lacrimal fluid of the sick and the contralateral eye were determined by a quantitative colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ELISA kits. Results. In DM patients with bacterial keratitis, the concentration of IL-1β and IL-6 in the lacrimal fluid of the sick eye exceeded that in healthy individuals (p < 0.05) and did not differ significantly from nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis (p > 0.05). In the lacrimal fluid of the contralateral eye of DM patients with bacterial keratitis, the level of IL-1β and IL-6 exceeded the corresponding indicators of nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis and healthy individuals (p < 0.05). The concentration of IL-10 in the lacrimal fluid of the contralateral eye in DM patients with bacterial keratitis exceeded that in healthy individuals (p < 0.05) and did not significantly differ from those in nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis (p > 0.05). Conclusions. DM patients with bacterial keratitis have immunological features of the disease.


Aggregation of data has many important applications in various fields, especially in economics, planning, optimization, decision-making and ranking of alternatives. There are many approaches to aggregation reflecting the fact that aggregation is application-depend and there are some considerations which are hard to quantify. The simple formula, FA, which is described in the following is easy to apply and lends itself to standardization and generalization. It is convenient to describe the formula in terms of a model in which the data relate to the grades g1, …, gn which a student, call him Robert, received for the collection of courses c1, …, cn . Assume that the data are of the form (c1, g1), (c2, g2), …, (cn, gn). The grades are on a scale from 0 to 100. Upon normalization they become numbers in the unit interval which may be interpreted as grades of membership or degrees. We propose two approaches.


The definition of the concept "services", the delimitation of the last from contiguous categories, the clarification of characteristics  of services as the objects of the civil rights are the problems of the scientific article. In the article the questions connected with the definition of the concept of services in civil law and the characteristic of the last as the objects of the civil rights are analysed. Attention is paid to clarification of characteristic signs of service as the object of the civil rights. Comparison of legal categories "services" and "works" is carried out. As a result of a research the author comes to a conclusion that there is no unanimity of views in definition of the concept "services", their signs and places in civil circulation today. In future, single unresolved questions in the sphere of "services" demand further researches. According to Art. 177 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, one of the objects of the civil rights are services. However, the Civil Code does not contain legal definition of services as the objects of the civil rights. Besides, in legal literature the concept "services" is covered by wider concept "actions", in particular the concept "services" is defined as the actions or inaction which are carried out by request and do not have material result. In other sources services are defined as lawful actions of subjects of legal relationship as a result of which certain needs of other people are satisfied. According to the author, the concept "services" does not come down only to actions, actions are only way of implementation of service in which the following signs have to be inherent: 1) useful effect which is possible for receiving as a result; 2) purpose of implementation of such "way of execution of the obligation"; 3) orientation on satisfaction of non-material needs; 4) it is always carried out in the form of specific actions. It is offered to add Art. 901 of the Civil Code of Ukraine with the following definition: "As services it is necessary to understand such objects of civil legal relationship which are carried out by means of specific actions which performance have before themselves a definite purpose, directed to satisfaction of certain non-material requirements".


The reverse engineering research community has been investigating mechanisms for exchanging data and partial results between reverse engineering tools (Woods et al., 1998; Holt et al., 2000). Among the many subproblems inherent in implementing a standard exchange format (SEF) is the design of schemas that represent views of source code at various levels of abstraction. We briefly discuss some of the issues in defining, transforming, and exchanging high-level schemas, including previous work on the TAXFORM project (Bowman et al., 2000) as well as discussions at the Workshop on Standard Exchange Format (WoSEF) (Holt et al., 2000).


ERTS A and B projects, describing satellite communications, data handling, telemetry, tracking and command, thermal control, orbit-adjust, image processing and ground equipment


Background: The COVID-19 pandemic began while improvement in malaria control and elimination had reached a peak. COVID-19 affected routine services particularly those for other killer infectious diseases including, HIV/AIDS and Malaria. This resulted in slowing progress in achieving control programs targets.
Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating malaria and HIV coinfection among COVID-19 cohort in selected healthcare facilities in Rivers State of Nigeria.
Methodology: The observational study showed a snapshot sampled only patients within the COVID-19 approved centers who consented to participate within the selected study area otherwise excluded. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 400 participants, giving subjects equal opportunity of participation. The majority of the data came from primary sources, but secondary sources were also used. Malaria testing was perform using microscopic method. Result outputs were presented on tables and charts.
Results: The study showed high prevalence of malaria infection among COVID-19 patients -327 (81.8%) but low rate of HIV co-infection- 2 (0.5%).
Conclusion: Much consideration should be channeled towards malaria endemicity and coinfection with COVID-19 unless it confers protective advantage as postulated by some studies however, a large scale and more in-depth study is suggested.


Observations of the mycoflora of beech bark infested with Cryptococcus fagisuga suggested that Nectria coccinea can colonise sites on and in the outer tissues, and that invasion of imer bark could later develop. Although these sites harboured fungi antagonistic to N. coccinea, experiments suggested that it is well adapted under some circumstances to escape serious competition.


This paper discusses a real time fleet management system, operated by the Indiana Department of Transportation, which tracks consumable products, improves fleet maintenance, and aids in inventory management.


Published accounts of Scottish English vowel insertion in liquid+liquid and liquid+nasal coda clusters are limited to linguistic surveys. This paper aims to supplement the existent literature by describing the acoustic properties of the vowel and the conditioning environment for this process. The boundary dispute regarding whether the inserted vowel should be classified as phonetic or phonological has been assessed for Dutch schwa insertion in liquid+consonant clusters, but not yet for Scottish English vowel insertion. Duration, along with rate and distribution of application, were used to determine the status of the inserted vowel. Results indicate that the vowel aligns more closely with phonological epenthesis, varying in duration with respect to the duration of preceding vocalic and liquid segments and interacting with syllable structure and morphology.


Based on Lugiato's work, we found that when considering the transverse effects of laser, the output of laser with ring cavity can not only show behaviors of the cooperation frequency locking and quasi periodic oscillation, but also present new turbulence effects. And the laser pattern corresponding to turbulence is also simulated. Furthermore, cluster synchronization transmission of laser pattern signal in laser network constituted by lasers with ring cavities can be completed. In our technical scheme, uncertain parameters are allowed to exist in the network. Moreover, there are no restrictions on the cluster partition, the topological structure of the cluster and the number of nodes in each cluster.


Dialogue management (DM) is responsible for predicting the next action of a dialogue system according to the current dialogue state and thus plays a central role in task-oriented dialogue systems. Since DM requires having access not only to local utterances but also to the global semantics of the entire dialogue session, modeling the long-range history information is a critical issue. To this end, we propose MAD, a novel memory-augmented dialogue management model that employs a memory controller and two additional memory structures (i.e., a slot-value memory and an external memory). The slot-value memory tracks the dialogue state by memorizing and updating the values of semantic slots (i.e., cuisine, price, and location), and the external memory augments the representation of hidden states of traditional recurrent neural networks by storing more context information. To update the dialogue state efficiently, we also propose slot-level attention on user utterances to extract specific semantic information for each slot. Experiments show that our model can obtain state-of-the-art performance and outperforms existing baselines.


In recent years, with the rapid increase of tunnel percentage in Midwestern highway construction, the tunnel operation cost rise quickly. In the cost, energy consumption of tunnel ventilation and illumination occupies a great proportion. In order to realize energy-saving and emission-reduction, there have been some new ventilation technology, for instance, the improved ventilation device, the improved ventilation method, and some new ventilation control technology. However after some new technology was applied, the phenomenon of energy-saving but not money-saving appeared. For the scientific and objective evaluation of highway tunnel ventilation technology energy-saving effect, construct evaluation index system from the three dimensions of technology usability, economy, and application effect, and then evaluate the energy-saving effect based on matter-element model. The result of assessment will give decision support for the later selection of highway tunnel ventilation technology proposal.


Altaic Turkish has been under the influence of Mongolian and Russian for long years. Especially, from the beginning of the 19th century, it has been connected with Russian and as a result of this connection, in addition to taking vocabulary it has also done concept translations from Russian. In this study, the concept translations taken from Russian's colloquial language by Altaic Turkish are given under several titles with their reasons and characteristics.


Current Enterprise Architecture (EA) approaches tend to be generic, based on broad meta-models that cross-cut distinct architectural domains. Integrating these models is necessary to an effective EA process, in order to support, for example, benchmarking of business processes or assessing compliance to structured requirements. However, the integration of EA models faces challenges stemming from structural and semantic heterogeneities that could be addressed by ontology matching techniques. For that, we used AgreementMakerLight, an ontology matching system, to evaluate a set of state of the art matching approaches that could adequately address some of the heterogeneity issues. We assessed the matching of EA models based on the ArchiMate and BPMN languages, which made possible to conclude about not only the potential but also of the limitations of these techniques to properly explore the more complex semantics present in these models. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a practice to support the analysis, design and implementation of a business strategy in an organization, considering its relevant multiple domains. In recent years, a variety of Enterprise Architecture [5] languages have been established to manage the scale and complexity of this domain. Integration of EA models is necessary to support EA processes, however structural and semantic heterogeneities hinder integration. Ontology matching has been proposed as a useful technique to help address this challenge [4]. Ontologies and associated techniques are increasingly being recognized as valuable tools in the EA domain (e.g., [1]). To evaluate the applicability of ontology matching techniques to address the heterogeneity between EA models, we have selected four case studies that demonstrate heterogeneity challenges at the model level. Cases 1 and 2 showcase Abstraction Level Incompatibilities between models encoded in different languages (ArchiMate and BPMN), that represent similar situations. Cases 3 and 4 illustrate both Abstraction Level and Element Description heterogeneties between models using the same language, where both pairs of models represent the same situation encoded by different modelers. To support the matching tasks we have used AgreementMakerLight (AML) [2],


The unique effectiveness of ethylene in biological responses permits a question of whether the observed swelling of mitochondria is closely associated with the biological effects of ethylene. The mitochondrial responses to ethylene, propylene, propane, ethane, acetylene, butane, and butene-1 were reported. Mitochondria were prepared from heads of cauliflower, seedlings of Alaska pea, and fruits of tomato. Mitochondrial swelling was measured as the increase in light transmission at 520 nm in a Spectronic 20 spectrophotometer. The rate of swelling response varied between mitochondrial preparations. Comparative responses between the various gases tested, however, were consistent with butene-1 being substantially more rapid than ethylene responses. Experiments were conducted with tomatoes to see the effects of ethylene on mitochondrial respiration. Collectively, the experiments showed that mitochondria may not be the site of ethylene regulation of growth and respiratory processes. The concentration of ethylene needed to alter mitochondrial swelling was markedly higher than biologically active concentrations, and alkenes which lack the biological activity of ethylene instead induced similar swelling responses. The alteration of respiratory rate in mitochondria was likewise not specific for ethylene. 11 references, 2 figures, 1 table.


I am writing you today to alert you to a radical Big Labor takeover in the schools of your community. The National Education Association (NEA) ... is about to seize total control of public education in America. Unless you and I take IMMEDIATE ACTION on this EMERGENCY situation, the NEA will succeed in pushing legislation through Congress that will force compulsory unionization on every public school in the country ... Here are just a few of the NEA's official goals:


A new approach to visual servoing and vision-guided robotics is introduced. This approach uses visual information for autonomous behavior. It amounts to using robust, global spatiotemporal representations easily extracted from the dynamic imagery. Specifically, the geometrical patterns of normal flows are used as the input to the servo mechanism. It is shown that the positions of these patterns are related to the three dimensional motion parameters. By locating the positions of these patterns, we can solve a variety of navigational problems with little computational effort.


Background: Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures Schatzker type V and VI present a therapeutic challenge to the orthopaedic trauma surgeon both in terms of the osseous injury as well as the concomitant soft-tissue insult. Double Plating with single incision or dual incisions provides more insult to the compromised soft tissue. However, single locking plate combines the technical advantages of an angular stable plate with those of the modern biological plating technique. Methods: The Study was held at the authors' institutions between January 2014 and December 2017, 20 patients with a mean age of 40.5 years (Range from 22-65 years) with Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with or without metaphyseal extension. Patients were diagnosed clinically, checked with standard X-rays. Patients were treated by single lateral anatomically contoured 4.5mm locking compression plate. Functional assessment was done according to the Rasmussen Knee score and WOMAC score. Radiological evaluation was done according to the Modified Rasmussen Knee score. Patients were followed-up for an average of 6 months. Results: Union was achieved in all patients with a mean knee range of motion of 2°-118° (range: 0°-10° for extension lag, range: 85°-135° for flexion). The mean Functional Rasmussen Knee score at 6 month follow up (24.55 ± 3.17 SD) ranged from (18.0-29.0) with significant P value (P value <0.001) and mean WOMAC score was (15.65±6.45) ranged from (7.0-30.0). The mean Modified Rasmussen Radiological Knee score at 6 month follow up (7.45 ± 1.57 SD) ranged from (3.0 - 9.0). Of the 20 patients, two patient had wound related problems, two patient had post-operative malalignment (varus), one patient suffered from hardware irritation and one patient had instabiity. Conclusions: Surgical treatment of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with the single lateral locking compression plate that was evaluated in our study can lead to a good functional and radiological outcome and considered an effective system for providing fracture stabilization provided that the correct surgical technique is used. Awareness of posteromedial fragment fixation through lateral locking plate with screws engaging the fragment and delay weight bearing is essential to prevent medial collapse.


In this paper the researches of almost contact metric structures on the direct product of the affine Lie algebra and unimodular Lie algebra were carried out using a Maple system of computer mathematics.


With the popularization of Internet and formation of wireless technologies provide significant impact on Internet and Communication Technologies. These technologies have support of one of famous technique known as Adhoc Network. Adhoc Networks are assortment of mobile nodes connected by wireless links and also receiving attention in the scientific community. In adhoc networks, routes may be disconnected due to dynamic movement of nodes. So, route selection and topology combination is very difficult and challenging issue. Such networks are more vulnerable to both internal and external attacks [1] [2] due to presence of bad neighbor nodes. Observed problem affects performance of routing protocol in adhoc networks. In this paper, impact of bad neighbor nodes in adhoc routing is briefly discussed and proposed a method (GNDA) for identifying good neighbor nodes in the network. Besides, this approach is extended by adding extra parameters i.e. signal strength, flow capacity and relative position of a node in to the account. Proposed method optimizes the routing issues by using AODV. The result of this paper is an appropriate solution against neighbor attacks.


There are numerous problems associated with a greater prevalence of old age, one of which is dementia. The prevalence of dementia increases year by year, and patients with Alzheimer's disease account for the largest proportion of patients with dementia. In early stages of Alzheimer's disease patients have significant episodic memory impairment. An experiment was conducted to explore the differences in episodic memory performance between patients with Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. In the experiment, participants carried out a place-object word pair recall task. Different consistency of word pairs and delays before recall was allowed were investigated. Overall, Alzheimer's disease patients showed impairments in episodic memory performance. The results showed better performance for consistent word pairs, and for immediate recall. Based on these results, we offer some suggestions for auxiliary devices and cognitive therapies that might be used in the future for patients with Alzheimer's disease.


In The past few decades several approaches have been adopted with respect to the Molasses Act controversy of 1730–1733. It has been considered from the standpoint of Anglo-French commercial rivalry; as a conflict between two British colonial regions; as a measure designed to aid one group of British colonies at the expense of another; and as a source of precedents for parliamentary taxation of the colonies on the one hand and the colonists' refusal to comply with such taxation on the other. While the trade between North America and the French West Indies was the chief target of attack, it is not always realized that proponents of the Molasses Act had other objectives in mind. British sugar planters were not only at odds with North American merchants who traded with the foreign sugar islands, but also with Irish merchants who pursued a similar course of trade and with the buyers of sugar in England. Failure to achieve results by means of restrictive legislation in one area did not necessarily preclude success in others. The controversy needs to be understood in terms of the international sugar economy, the changing nature of the British market for sugar and rum, and the planters' attempt to adapt the Navigation Acts to these changes. From the planters' standpoint, the Molasses Act was only one of several measures that were needed to adapt the Navigation Acts to the realities of the market, so it may be unrealistic to consider any one act in isolation.


A two-day old, male, non-descript calf was presented with rare congenital defect of Cranial Meningocele sizing 15x12cm and was with bilateral Nasal Choristoma. It is defined as a mass of normal histological tissue in an abnormal location. The Cranial Meningocele was diagnosed radiographically however, histopathological examination of nasal growth revealed Hyaline & Cartilaginous Nasal Choristoma. In this case the nasal Choristoma was associated with cranial Meningocele and after surgical intervention animal recovery was uneventful.


Background and aims: To date japanese anime have an increasing popularity around the world. As action anime are over-represented in the European TV programme supply, an uninitiated view has been escalated suggesting that Japanese animation — also considered as a high-emotional type of animated productions in the literature — mediate aggression. The aim of this study was to analyze whether preference of these animations can be associated with a higher level of aggression, particularly in a group of action fans. We further examined the emotional intelligence of otaku (anime fans) in context of fantasy genre. Methods: Subjects were 100 otaku who have been watching Japanese animation at least once a week for five years, and 100 nonotaku. Aggression was measured with the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, while emotional intelligence was assessed by the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in the level of physical aggression, however, otaku group reported lower level of verbal aggression. The same results could be found regarding the preference of action anime, adding that otaku who liked this genre showed lower level of anger as well. Otaku also reported higher level of impulse control and lower level of reality-testing. Nonetheless, the findings did not indicate the same tendency in reality-testing in comparison with otaku who liked fantasy genre and otaku who didn't mention fantasy among their preferred anime genre. Conclusions: Based on these results we recommend that future research should focus on the possible emotional and behavioral impacts in accordance with the multiform complexity of anime, and the Eastern intellectual tradition.


Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) of bone marrow play a critical role in osteoporosis. However, it is difficult to resolve the UFA, especially in the presence of trabecular bone, using conventional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods.