With rising concerns over commercial aviation's contribution to global carbon emissions, there exists a tremendous pressure on the aviation industry to find advanced technological solutions for reducing its share of CO2 emissions. A potential solution to mitigate this global emissions crisis is to operate fully-electric aircraft; however, the current battery technology is forcing the industry to explore partially electrified aircraft as a possible mid-term solution. There exist a number of studies that look at the potential CO2 emissions benefits possible from hybrid electric and turboelectric aircraft. Although these studies show encouraging results about the potential reduction in carbon emissions at an aircraft level, none of the studies – to the authors' best knowledge – discuss the potential fleet-level impacts of introducing these partially electrified aircraft in an airline fleet. This paper focuses on predicting the fleet-level environmental impacts of a notional, future single-aisle parallel hybrid electric aircraft with a 900 nautical mile range. The work demonstrates an approach to make these predictions by modeling the behavior of a profit-seeking airline (with a mixture of conventional all Jet-A fuel burning and hybrid electric aircraft in its fleet) using the Fleet-Level Environmental Evaluation Tool (FLEET). FLEET's model-based predictions rely upon historically-based information about US-touching airline routes and passenger demand served by US flag-carrier airlines from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics to initiate model-based predictions of future demand, aircraft fleet mix, and aircraft operations. Using a simplistic model for representing the behavior of a single-aisle parallel hybrid electric aircraft, the FLEET simulation predicts the changes in the fleet-wide carbon emissions due to the introduction of this new aircraft in an airline fleet in the year 2035. By 2065, FLEET results predict that the fleet-wide CO2 emissions with hybrid electric aircraft in the fleet mix are about 15.9% lower than the fleet-wide CO2 emissions of a conventional (all Jet-A fuel burning) aircraft-only airline. Because of the reduced range capability of the hybrid electric aircraft relative to a conventional aircraft of similar size, the simulation results indicate that the airline changes the usage, acquisition and retirement of its conventional aircraft when hybrid electric aircraft are available; this is most notable to serve passenger demand on certain predominantly single-aisle service routes that cannot be flown by the future single-aisle hybrid electric aircraft.


Different types of economic analyses are sometimes delivered to compare different
health procedures. In this chapter, we apply a cost-effectiveness analysis to a validated Group
Care approach for di


The aim of our essay was to examine how persons working within social services, municipal psychiatry and county council psychiatry in Hassleholm understand collaboration between the organisations when it comes to clients who have an abuse problem combined with a mental disorder. We have found the following questions useful: 1. How is the collaboration between the organisations described and what possibilities and obstacles for collaboration are there? 2. How do the personnel describe the ideal collaboration? 3. How do the organisations demarcate responsibility between them? We have made an explorative study using qualitative interviews. The perspective of the study has been an organizational one because we wanted to get increased knowledge of how the personnel understand collaboration in between the organisations and how previous research explains obstacles and possibilities for collaboration. We have discovered that the collaboration between the organisations in most cases in Hassleholm works quite well. When it doesn't work it is mainly because of separate finances, separate responsible authorities, personal relationships and lack of time. Another explanation to why the collaboration fails can be that personnel appoint a scapegoat, maybe because they don't have enough knowledge of one another.


This paper discusses the design and performance of fiber optic distributed intrinsic sensors for dissolved carbon dioxide, based on the use optical fibers fabricated so that their entire lengths are chemically sensitive. These fibers use a polymer-clad, silica-core structure where the cladding undergoes a large, reversible, change in optical absorbance in the presence of CO2. The local "cladding loss" induced by this change is thus a direct indication of the carbon dioxide concentration in any section of the fiber. To create these fibers, have developed a carbon dioxide-permeable polymer material that adheres well to glass, is physically robust, has a refractive index lower than fused silica, and acts as excellent hosts for a unique colorimetric indicator system that respond to CO2. We have used this proprietary material to produce carbon-dioxide sensitive fibers up to 50 meters long, using commercial optical fiber fabrication techniques. The sensors have shown a measurement range of dissolved CO2 of 0 to 1,450 mg/l (0 to 100% CO2 saturation), limit of detection of 0.3 mg/l and precision of 1.0 mg/l in the 0 to 50 mg/l dissolved CO2 range, when a 5 meter-long sensor fiber segment is used. Maximum fiber length, minimum detectable concentration, and spatial resolution can be adjusted by adjusting indicator concentration and fiber design.


This paper is committed to analyze the effects of the material parameters and molding process parameters of co-injection on the layer thickness distribution.The emphasis is placed on the effect of the interaction between viscous encapsulation and interfacial instability on the layer thickness distribution.It is proposed that a three-dimensional viscoelastic model is the only way of predicting such an interaction precisely.


We present a new method of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography that measures backscattered intensity, birefringence, and fast optic axis orientation with only one single A-scan per transverse measurement location. The method employs a standard two-channel PS-OCT setup in combination with a phase sensitive recording of the interferometric signals in the two orthogonally polarized detection channels. We use an algorithm previously reported in the context of Doppler OCT and differential phase contrast OCT to extract amplitude and phase information contained in the interferometric signals. While the birefringence information is obtained from the signal amplitudes, as usual in PS-OCT, a careful analysis of the propagating beams by the Jones calculus reveals, that the information on the fast axis orientation is encoded entirely in the phase difference of the interferometric signals. We demonstrate our method and repot on accuracy and precision of birefringence and fast axis measurements in a transparent technical object. Finally, we present PS-OCT maps of birefringence, and what we believe for the first time, of fast axis orientation recorded in scattering tissue.


ver, and Samuel Hearne are splendid. Beryl Gillespie's sketch of Hearne's devoted guide, Matonabbee, who told Hearne he would never reach the Coppermine without the aid of women and brought along his six wives, is brief and engaging. The volume includes a sprinkling of artisans, writers, artists, and a large cast of people known only to the most thorough specialists. For example, there is the merchant Simon Sanguinet who attempted, unsuccessfully, to leave his fortune for the establishment of a university. Most of his successors never even made the attempt. Many readers, however, will likely turn to the studies of the well-known figures Jeffrey Amherst, Sir William Johnson, Henry Alline, Adam Mabane, James Murray, Madame d'Youville. These are all fine critical accounts. Perhaps the most impressive contribution is Andr• Vachon's careful analysis of the career of Bishop Briand, a man about whom a fair amount of nonsense has been written by some recently secularized nationalists. Vachon, as with his masterly account of the Dollard des Ormeaux in Volume •, again displays the historian's craft at its judicious best. The volume is introduced by two valuable essays. N.E.S. Griffiths demonstrates her command of Acadian history, while Pierre Tousignant presents the fruits of his research into the evolution of British policy from the Proclamation to the Quebec Act. (A second part of his essay will appear in the next volume). While both essays et out constitutional and political questions with clarity and freshness, they would have been strengthened by a more complete account of the societies which shaped the 5o4 individuals whose biographies follow. •MSA3⁄4 COOK York University


Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) monolayers of 2,4-bis[4-(N-methyl-N-docosylamino)phenyl]squaraine
(I), which has a centric
donor–acceptor–donor chromophore, exhibit strong second-harmonic
generation (SHG) with an effective susceptibility of 26 pm V−1
at 1.064 µm. The squaraine molecule adopts an acentric U-conformation,
with the chromophore parallel to the substrate and the docosyl groups contributing
to the layer thickness of 2.41 nm. However, the SHG is attributed to
non-centrosymmetric aggregation rather than the molecule itself and is
suppressed when the dye is co-deposited with 2-{4-[4,5-bis(octadecylsulfanyl)[1,3]dithiol-2-ylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene}malononitrile (II). The latter adopts a piggyback arrangement
and is partially enclosed by the two docosyl tails of the squaraine: the areas
in contact with the substrate are 0.63 ± 0.05 nm2
molecule−1 for I
and 0.67 ± 0.05 nm2 unit−1
for (I)(II)n, the combined
molecular area being independent of composition for 0 < n < 0.5.
Thus, the suppression of the second-order properties may be explained
by an altered film structure with self-aggregation of the squaraines being
inhibited by competitive heteromolecular interactions with the adjacent acceptor
group of II. The electron acceptors,
2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (III) and N,N′-bis(docosyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium
dibromide (IV), affect
the second-order properties in a similar manner.


ABSTRACT Model predictive control (MPC) can be used to manage combined urban drainage systems more efficiently for protection of human health and the environment, but examples of operational implementations are rare. This paper reviews more than 30 years of partly heterogeneous research on the topic. We propose a terminology for MPC of urban drainage systems and a hierarchical categorization where we emphasize four overall components: the "receding horizon principle", the "optimization model", the "optimization solver", and the "internal MPC model". Most of the reported optimization models share the trait of a multiobjective optimization based on a conceptual internal MPC model. However, there is a large variety of both convex and non-linear optimization models and optimization solvers as well as constructions of the internal MPC model. Furthermore, literature disagrees about the optimal length of the components in the receding horizon principle. The large number of MPC formulations and evaluation approaches makes it problematic to compare different MPC methods. This review highlights methods, challenges, and research gaps in order to make MPC of urban drainage systems accessible for researchers and practitioners from different disciplines. This will pave the way for shared understanding and further development within the field, and eventually lead to more operational implementations.


Implementations of roll to roll contact lithography require new approaches towards manufacturing tooling, including stamps for roll to roll nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and soft lithography. Suitable roll based tools must have seamless micro- or nano-scale patterns and must be scalable to roll widths of one meter. The authors have developed a new centrifugal stamp casting process that can produce uniform cylindrical polymer stamps in a scalable manner. The pattern on the resulting polymer tool is replicated against a corresponding master pattern on the inner diameter of a centrifuge drum. This master pattern is created in photoresist using a UV laser direct write system. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a laser direct write system targeting the internal diameter of a rotating drum. The design uses flying optics to focus a laser beam along the axis of the centrifuge drum and to redirect the beam towards the drum surface. Experimental patterning results show uniform coatings of negative photoresist in the centrifuge drum that are effectively patterned with a 405 nm laser diode. Seamless patterns are shown to be replicated in a 50 mm diameter, 60 mm long cylindrical stamp made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Direct write results show gratings with line widths of 10 microns in negative photoresist. Using an FPGA, the laser can be accurately timed against the centrifuge encoder to create complex patterns.


High-density nonvolatile memory applications can benefit tremendously from three-dimensional (3D) integration with low power consumption. Among several proposals, the planar polysilicon thin-film transistor (TFT) with metal nanocrystals (NCs) and high-k gate-stack is one of the promising candidates. Metal NCs were introduced to allow thin tunnel dielectric, lower the program/erase (P/E) voltage and enhance the cycle endurance. One of the key device designs is to achieve a uniform ultra-thin-body channel region without implant dopant activation, where the threshold voltage Vth is less affected by traps in the polysilicon grain boundaries due to the reduced volume to be depleted before inversion. Moreover, reduced surface roughness by full-wafer chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) leads to improved device characteristics and reliable process integration.


|In this article the design of an ultra-wideband coplanar monopole antenna with a microstrip parasitic patch having a dimension of 50 mm (cid:2) 50 mm using a 1 mm thick RT-Duroid substrate ( " r = 2 : 2) is explored for wireless applications. Five different coplanar antenna designs are presented, and one of the designs is proposed for fabrication. In simulation the proposed antenna has four resonant bands, 2.043{ 2.133 GHz, 5.821{7.89 GHz, 10.3{12.027 GHz, and 12.783{17.802 GHz, with a cumulative bandwidth of 8.905 GHz within 1{18 GHz. The proposed antenna is fabricated, tested, and validated using Vector Network Analyzer. Fabricated antenna resonates at four different bands, 2.349{2.888 GHz, 5.767{ 7.926 GHz, 9.725{10.534 GHz, and 13.862{16.021 GHz with resonant peaks at 2.529 GHz, 7.116 GHz, 10.084 GHz, and 15.391 GHz frequencies, respectively. Further the antenna has a cumulative bandwidth of 5.666 GHz in 1{18 GHz band. Radiation efficiency is above 90% at the resonant band. The acquired results from simulation and measurement are in close match.


Motivated by the first observation of Λ b → Λ c τ ¯ ν by LHCb, we discuss various observables that can be derived from angular distribution of this decay which, if measured, could be essential for explanation of the b → cτ ¯ ν anomalies. Furthermore, we show that the measurement of R Λ c = B (Λ b → Λ c τ ¯ ν ) / B (Λ b → Λ c µ ¯ ν ) does not change the current global picture arising from R D and R D ∗ being larger than predicted in the Standard Model. Finally, we show the example of a few angular observables, with and without a secondary decay, that could have a strong discriminating power on New Physics.


Natural and human-made sources of transient energy often emit multiple geophysical signatures that include mechanical and electromagnetic waveforms. We present a constructive method to fuse and evaluate statistics that we derive from such multiphysics waveforms that improves our capability to detect small, near-ground explosions over similar methods that consume single signature waveforms. Our method advances Fisher's Combined Probability Test (Fisher's Method) to operate under both hypotheses of a binary test on noisy data and provide researchers with the density functions required to forecast the ability of Fisher's Method to screen fused explosion signatures from noise. We apply this method against 12 d, multisignature explosion and noise records to show (1) that a fused multiphysics waveform statistic that combines radio, acoustic and seismic waveform data can identify explosions roughly 0.8 magnitude units lower than an acoustic emission, STA/LTA detector for the same detection probability and (2) that we can quantitatively predict how this fused, multiphysics statistic performs with Fisher's Method. Our work thereby offers a baseline method for predictive waveform fusion that supports multiphenomenological explosion monitoring (multiPEM) and is applicable to any binary testing problem in observational geophysics.


Abstract : Clinical investigations were conducted to determine whether non-immune persons can be immunized against vivax or falciparum malaria after exposure to X-irradiated sporozoites of Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum. Batches of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were infected with malaria and, 12 to 18 days later, they were irradiated with X-rays until they had received a dose of at least 12 Krads. The findings indicate that protection against malaria can be obtained by inoculation of human malaria sporozoites attenuated by X-irradiation. It is unclear at present whether the inoculation of larger number of sporozoites on one or two occasions might induce long-term protection against malaria. This question can be answered only when pure sporozoite preparations, free of mosquito tissue and contaminating microorganisms, become available for human evaluation.


Summary form only given. Experimental research on L-band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) is carried out for the generation of the microwave of ~GW power. This MILO is composed of 6-uniform cavities and single coupling cavity and two choke cavities. The measured output power of 2.8 GW shows a reasonable agreement with the simulated one of 2.75 GW. In this experiment, 500 kV-36 kA pulsed electron beam with the pulse duration of 130nsec is used. The pulsewidth of the microwave is limited to 70ns mainly due to a mode competition between axial modes. The mode change during the pulse is measured by RF B-dot probes at each cavity. Dynamic of mode competition is studied with time-frequency analysis.


We describe a 1/spl times/2 waveguide switch which is also a cantilever, fabricated in GaAs-based materials. This switch can be cascaded into 1/spl times/N structure. The layout and layer cross section of the waveguide are shown schematically. Actuation is accomplished by electrostatic means, by application of bias between the movable waveguide and static electrodes. This results in 4 /spl mu/m motion of the cantilevered waveguide in the plane of the wafer. The waveguide consists of 4 /spl mu/m thick GaAs/AlGaAs layer, while the release layer is composed of 2 /spl mu/m of Al/sub 0.7/Ga/sub 0.3/As. Metal contacts are deposited on a planar substrate prior to waveguide definition. Then 3 /spl mu/m wide waveguide is defined by RIBE. Photoresist is defined on the areas to be protected against release and sacrificial layer is removed by a HF-based wet etch. After photoresist removal, devices are sublimation dried. Fabrication issues, such as choice of materials, release chemistries and their implications are further discussed. Also, further details of device performance are given.


Edge computing pushes the computational loads from the cloud to embedded devices, where data would be processed near the data source. Heterogeneous multicore architecture is believed to be a promising solution to fulfill the edge computational requirement. In FPGAs, the heterogeneous multicore is realized as multiple soft processor cores with custom processing elements. Since FPGA is a resource-constrained device, sharing the hardware resources among the soft processor cores can be advantageous. Some research has focused on the sharing resources among soft processors, but they do not study how much FPGA logic is minimized for a five-stage pipeline processor. This paper proposes the microarchitecture of a five-stage pipeline scalar processor that enables the sharing of functional units for execution among the multiple cores. We then investigate the performance and hardware resource utilization for a four-core processor. We find that sharing different functional units can save the LUT usage to 23.5% and DSP usage to 75%. We analyze the performance impact of sharing from the Embench benchmark program by simulating the same program in all four cores. Our simulation results indicate that based on the sharing configuration, the average performance drops from 2.9% to 22.3%.


CONTEXT
This is a case report of a proband and his family presenting with apparent autosomal dominant 25-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency and bone disease.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to present an alternative pattern of transmission of 25-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency other than autosomal recessive.

DESIGN
We diagnosed our patient with 25-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency, treated him, and examined his DNA for mutations. Evaluations at other institutions, clinical history of all family members, and laboratory testing for the mother, aunt, and maternal grandmother were reviewed. Family consent was obtained for all testing and record review.

SETTING
The patient was evaluated serially in an outpatient clinic. Routine laboratory studies for proband, mother, and maternal grandmother were obtained. Genetic testing was performed in another institution after obtaining family consent.

INTERVENTIONS
No research intervention was performed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Routine clinical care included an evaluation of growth pattern. Laboratory evaluation included 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D], alkaline phosphatase, intact PTH, phosphate, calcium, ionized calcium, and magnesium levels.

RESULTS
Results showed consistently low 25-hydroxylase enzyme function. They also showed elevated alkaline phosphatase and PTH, as well as decreased phosphate and calcium. These abnormalities were corrected with 1,25(OH)(2)D therapy.

CONCLUSION
We conclude that 25-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency can be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This case raises a question about different tributary pathways affecting the function of the 25-hydroxylase enzyme. Physiological dosing of 1,25(OH)(2)D was sufficient for treatment. There were no detectable mutations in any of the coding regions of the gene or its intronic junctions.


It is important for public administration researchers and practitioners to understand that the more proximal socio-psychological determinants of collective action. This study examined collective efficacy as a mediated moderator of justice-intention of collective action relations. Based on survey data collected from 6,873 residents representing 156 counties and cities-the authors used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate the relationship between justice, stress and collective action. The results revealed that respondents with strong collective efficacy reacted more positively in terms of unfair to intention of collective action than did those reporting low levels of efficacy. In addition, stress mediated the relationship between justice and intention of collective action. Collective efficacy played a mediated moderator role and this effect partial worked through the mediated variable-stress. Limitations of the study and implications of these findings are discussed.


Objective To explore the effects of posterior spinal decompression combined with facet V-osteotomy on patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis.Method 42 patients with degenerative lumbar seoliosis(from Jan 2002 to Sep 2008)were analyzed retrospectively..Mean age at time of surgery was 65 years(range 54~71 years),mean history was 8.5 years(range 6 months-18years),the average Cobb angle of lumbar scoliosis was 32.4°(range 20°~68°)before operation.The Cobb angle(°)of lumbar scoliosis,thoracolumbar kyphosis and lumbar lordosis,L_3 and L_4 vertebrae obliquity(°),apical vertebrae offset dis-tance(cm),trunk deviation(cm)and the C7 vertebral body center plumb line from the upper edge of post-S1 distance(cm)between pre-and post-operation were compared.The outcome judgment based on the JOA score criteria from follow-up.Result The follow-up period of post-operation of these 37 cases were from 12 months to 6.5 years with an average of 2.5 years.The data in early postoperative showed that the average correction in coronal Cobb angle,thoracolumbar kyphosis and lumbar lordosis was 17.9°±3.3°(correction rate 55%),3.8°±1.6°(correction rate 51%),13.4°±4.9°,respectively.Correction in apical verte-brae offset distance,L_3 and L_4 vertebrae obliquity was(1.9±0.7)cm,4.1°±1.3°and 5.4°±2.6°,re-spectively.Coronal and sagittal balance were significantly improved [average correction(1.8 ±1.0)cm,(3.6±1.1)cm],compared to those in pre-operation.The result in the last time of follow-up showed that coronal Cobb angle increased 2.4°±0.5°.thoracolumbar kyphosis increased 2.6°±1.1°,and sagittal plane deviation increased(1.2±0.4)cm.However,pseudarthrosis was not found in any patient at final fol-low-up,excellent and good rate of treatment effect wag 84%.Conclusion For the Cobb angle less than 70°,posterior spinal decompression combined with facet V-osteotomy can effectively improve the coronal and sagittal plane balance of degenerative lumbar scoliosis,the results are satisfactory.

Key words:
Decompression,surgicaL/MT; Spinal Canal/SU; Osteotomy/MT; Zygapophyseal Joint/SU; Scoliosis/SU; Lumbar Vertebrae


A micro-canonical ensemble for an assembly of bosons and fermions is considered in which the number of particles, internal energy and volume are kept constant. A statistical distribution model, which is fermion dominated and where bosons and fermions interact in pairs, is developed. The partition function is derived. Macroscopic thermodynamic quantities such as entropy, internal energy and specific heat are obtained in terms of the partition function. The model equations are applied to a mixture of liquid helium-3 and liquid helium-4 atoms.


Traditionally farm village have been understood as region compared to urban area by ecological, social, cultural, and economical characteristics. And importance of rurality that is basic property of rural area have been emphasized, and it was discriminated against city area. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of selection attributes on satisfaction of rural tourism and to determine the reason behind satisfaction, revisit intention, and recommendation. From 250 questionnaire distributed, 235 were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 package. Both descriptive and inferential were used to analyze the data such as factor analysis, regression analysis. In conclusion, this study has found that satisfaction of rural tourism affects the intention of revisit positively and recommendation as well. Attraction and experience program is one of the most important factors to increase visitors satisfaction.


The cure characteristics of polyester short fiber-polyurethane elastomer were studied with respect to different fiber-matrix bonding agents. A hexamethyl- enetetramine-resorcinol -hydrated silica based bonding agent was found to affect the stability of the composite. A new bonding agent, TP resin, based on polymeric toluenediisocyanate and polypropylene glycol has been developed. Cure character- istics of the composite with and without TP resin at different fiber loadings were also compared. Minimum torque, scorch time and optimum cure time increased with fiber content. Maximum torque was consistently higher with TP resin at all fiber loadings.


This paper is aimed at developing an Online Application for students and college management. The main theme of the project is to develop an application that enables the students to perform the activities like fee payment, downloading learning materials, and get notifications about the attendance, results, etc; in a mobile application, It provides a simple interface for the maintenance of the student records. In the previous system, all the details have to view in a file or on a website. At the same time while searching for information it takes a long time to get the results. To overcome this an Android Application can be used to make this process much better. All the important data such as passwords are securely stored with the help of hashing techniques. The users of this application are students, Faculty, and Admin. The Faculty can log in to the application and can update the Attendance and Marks of the student. In case of any events or exams in the college, the students will be notified by Admin. As we are college students we know about these problems that we are facing due to the lack of this kind of application. So we thought of extending and solving some of the problems in our project so that it could be more useful for the students and they can easily use the application which is also very compatible for the teachers and students. The data relating to students is stored in Firebase. A web-based portal is designed for the faculty to upload the marks, results, and upload materials.


The thesis that the government is justified in restricting insults to religious feelings implies a broader view about the place of religious speech in public discourse, and about the nature of public discourse itself. The implication is that it should be possible to be critical or negative about religion provided that this is expressed in a moderate and respectful manner, but the speaker who disregards norms of civility can be legitimately silenced by the state. This means that public discourse is seen as a highly regulated space for orderly discussion, with the role of the regulator played by the government. The chapter argues that there are good reasons to adopt a different view of public discourse and think of it as the safe space for an open deliberative process where all citizens have an equal claim to speak even if what they say is abusive or offensive if judged by the prevailing civility standards. This is a necessary condition for allowing a society to reflect upon its values, and change. Further, this understanding of public discourse grounds two important limitations on governmental power to regulate speech. First, the procedure and agenda of public debate are not neutral, value-free issues situated outside public discourse and reserved for the government. Rather, they are substantive questions, part of the debate itself, and subject to constant reinterpretation. Secondly, free speech includes, and the legal right to freedom of expression ought to protect, both the substance and the manner in which an opinion is expressed.


smelting industry have been driven by two key concepts: (1) increasing cleaner smelting capacity to meet the world's growing copper demand, as illustrated in Figure 1, and (2) increasing process off-gas capture to comply with more stringent environmental regulations and abide by a corporate social responsibility ethic of a clean work environment (for smelter employees) and clean air (for families living around smelters). The copper smelting industry has also faced some major challenges in the last few decades, including (1) low treatment and refining charges (TC/RC or processing fees) impacting custom smelters, (2) lower concentrate quality and grades with higher levels of impurities (e.g. As and Hg), (3) higher processing and transportation costs due to the rising cost of energy, (4) restrictions in process intensification (tonnage oxygen usage) due to furnace integrity limits, and (5) scarcity of educated and trained personnel due to fewer metallurgists graduating from pyrometallurgical school programmes combined with a high retirement rate of skilled workers. In a nutshell, the challenge is tantamount to producing more with lower-quality concentrates and less-skilled workers while lowering the smelter environmental footprint by reducing the energy usage and increasing off-gas capture at times when profit margins are low (set by fluctuating TC/RC). The obvious approach would be to increase smelting intensity with higher oxygen usage to produce more copper while reducing process off-gas generation, 'removing the dead-hands of nitrogen' as per the famous words of Paul Queneau Sr. (1977), and therefore reducing the off-gas treatment costs and lowering the smelter's fugitive emissions. This 'obvious' approach has been in the minds of smelter men and women ever since tonnage oxygen became available at an affordable price. A testimony to this fact is the development of oxygen bath and flash smelting to replace lowintensity processes, such as the reverberatory furnace, as far back as the 1950s. The more recent trend in copper processing in the last two or three decades has been for copper smelters to select flash smelting and/or converting or top-submerged lancing (TSL) technologies, rather than the bath smelting furnaces of the 1970s such as the Noranda Reactor and Teniente Converter. For the 2003 copper smelter survey, 53 smelters responded to the questionnaire, representing about 73% of the 2003 world copper smelter production of 12.4 Mt (Kapusta, 2004). Notably, the survey showed that flash smelting reigned supreme at the time, accounting for 48.7% of the copper Sonic injection in sulphide bath smelting: an update


The pharmaceutical residues are commonly found in aquatic environment throughout the world. The pharmaceutical residue increases the microbial resistance, reduces the self purification capacities of the water bodies, adversely impacts the aquatic life being ecotoxic and few are also known to be teratogenic, mutagenic and even genotoxic. Despite of well documented and known potential implications of pharmaceutical residues, they persist in the aquatic environment and there are still no specific discharge standards. This study has attempted to consider extensive set of important parameters for identifying the pharmaceuticals that have worst impact on aquatic environment. The three priority lists comprising of the most commonly consumed pharmaceuticals have been developed; high priority list consists of 09 pharmaceuticals; moderate priority list includes 19 pharmaceuticals and low priority list with 6 pharmaceuticals. The high priority pharmaceuticals hold maximum importance from the point of view of aquatic environment and they should be analyzed in the effluent of hospitals and other sources before it is discharged into the water bodies. It can be regarded as first step for development of pharmaceutical residues standards and for managing the risks of pharmaceutical pollution.


—Time-frequency image processing is considered in the context of change detection and diagnosis purposes of bearings with faults and vibration signal processing. The analysis of these images reveals some difficulties in obtaining accurate results in classification. Some images are different compared to other images from the same set. New images are obtained by applying a criterion based on the contours generated by the main components of the analyzed time-frequency image. The transformed images are less complex, and could be with white and black only. Features based on statistical moments are considered, selected and used to define discriminant functions, which could improve the results of the classification. The features include the number of the contours, the average area defined by the contours, the variance of the areas and the Renyi entropies.


Objective:To observe the function of compound Kushen injection in reducing the side reaction of chemo-radiotherapy for patients after rectal cancer operation. Methods: 118 patients were enrolled,58 patients to observe group (three-dimensional conformal radiationtherapy combined with chemotherapy),while 60 patients were randomized to treatment group (chemoradiotherapy plus compound Kushen injection ).The variation of clinical symptoms,the response of the radioactive rectum, the quality of life, liver function and white blood cells after treatment were observed.Results: The improve of clinical symptoms and response of the radioactive rectum and quality of life in observe group were better than that in control group,as well as the diminution of white blood cells in observe group were more littler than that in control group,which was statistically significant in the difference(P 0.01). Conclusion: Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy plus compound Kushen injection can reduce the adverse effects of chemoradiotherapy of rectal cancer , as well as improve the quality of life.


This is the first volume of OSCE Insights, the new publication series of the Centre for OSCE Research (CORE), Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg (IFSH). As the successor to the OSCE Yearbook, published by the IFSH from 1995 to 2019, OSCE Insights focuses on OSCE-relevant topics in all three dimensions, including conflict management, human rights, security sector governance and reform, arms control and military confidence-and security-building measures (CSBMs), environmental protection, and economic connectivity. We also analyse changes to the OSCE's structure and participating States' interests in, and policies towards, the organization. OSCE Insights presents policy papers written by scholars and policy analysts and by OSCE and government officials. By making research findings more accessible to decision-makers and practitioners, and by offering actionable recommendations, the series contributes to the


Bute has a varied geology, resulting from the presence of the Highland Boundary Fault which
crosses the island and brings metamorphic rocks of the Scottish Highlands into contact with
Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentary rocks of the Central Belt. The island also has abundant
igneous intrusions of various generations, mostly fine-grained, dark basaltic rocks. This diverse
geology is reflected in buildings across the island which used local stone and slate, bringing a
distinctive character to the built heritage of Bute.
Over sixty stone quarries are recorded on Bute. Most of these exploited igneous rock, likely to
have been used for roadstone. Large-scale production of building stone was probably limited to
Rothesay, where an igneous intrusion at Longhill Quarry provided block for buildings in the
town. This 'greenstone' was used extensively in buildings up to the mid to late 19th century,
when imported sandstone became increasingly used. In rural areas, buildings were typically
constructed from the closest available stone type, obtained from any suitable outcrops or small
quarries. Dressed stone, sourced from blonde and red sandstone, was also used for early
buildings throughout Bute. These sandstones were probably obtained from unrecorded quarries
in the Devonian and Carboniferous sediments of the S and E parts of the island.


In serious heatstroke, elevated body temperature (>40°C) is considered the main cause of illness. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) plays an important role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation from long‐chain fatty acids, and its thermolabile phenotype of CPT2 polymorphisms leads to ATP production loss under high fever. Whether by heatstroke or influenza, high fever suppresses mitochondrial ATP production in patients with the thermolabile phenotype of CPT2 polymorphisms. We investigated the relation between CPT2 polymorphism and severity of heatstroke with a body temperature of over 40°C.


Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo simulations and numerical analysis of a single particle motion are performed for atmospheric He microplasmas at microwave frequencies to determine the characteristics of non-Maxwellian to Maxwellian transition. The left and the right regimes of Paschen curve, divided by this transition, reveal that the transition frequencies depend on the gap of electrodes and the neutral gas pressure to follow scaling laws for a new extended Paschen law. The fluid models are reasonable at the right-side regime of Paschen breakdown areas, but not on the left side, which is highly kinetic for electrons. The plasmas driven by weaker electric fields of high enough frequencies at the right-side Paschen regime breed more energetic electrons.


The paper proposes an effective non-destructive inspection method using an electromagnetic wave radar which detects the defects such as cracks or cavities in concrete structures and measures their positions and thicknesses (for cavities). This is achieved by a pattern matching between actual and predicted reflected waves based on a signal propagation model. By the proposed method cavities and cracks were automatically and accurately detected together with their exact measurement of depth and thickness.


The optical properties of Al0.44Ga0.56N/Al0.59Ga0.41N multiple quantum well structures with an InxAl1-xN insertion layer between the barrier layer and the well layer are investigated by using the effective mass theory. The numerical results show the TE-dominated emission can be realized by using the InxAl1-xN insertion layer, which can be mainly attributed to the larger separation of the electron-hole wave-function for the TM-dominated transition. Note that the rearrangement of valence subbands is also an important factor to enhance the TE polarization emission for the InxAl1-xN insertion layer with the lower In-content. The ratios of TE-polarized total spontaneous emission rate between the InxAl1-xN insertion layer structures (x = 0.11, 0.13, 0.15) and the conventional structure can reach 1.76–2.05 in the current density range of 2–300 A cm−2 due to the larger product of Fermi–Dirac distribution functions of electron and hole. Furthermore, the InxAl1-xN insertion layer structures with x = 0.15–0.17 show the largest TE polarization emission.


The Quantitative assessment on economic loss of eco-environmental degradation is one of the most important parts of sustainable development studies. Recently, a number of scholars have made some worthwhile attempts at this field. Aiming at these discussions, the author pointed out the shortage of using one year as a study stage and defined restoring coefficient. Meanwhile discussed that how to assess the economic loss with function coefficient if there are many indexes but little quantitative data. On the other hand,1986 -1996, ten years that the most serious destroyed was selected as a case study, the paper calculated direct and indirect economic loss of ecological system and increased cost so as to recover the ecological function of Western Grassland in the last ten years. The results show that the economic loss of grassland degradation achieves 21.228 billions Yuan RMB.


Non-differentiable fractional duality is given and its weak duality and strong duality results are established under generalized d, , , type-1 univex function.


1- and 2-D simulations of 1-cm radius, gas-puff liners of Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe imploding onto a deuterium target are conducted using the discharge parameters for the Zebra (1 MA, 130 ns) driver using the resistive MHD code MACH2. This is an implementation of the Staged Z-pinch concept, in which the target is driven to high-energy-density first by shock compression launched by a diffused azimuthal magnetic field ( J×B force), and then by the adiabatic compression as the liner converges on axis. During the run-in phase, the initial shock heating preheats the deuterium plasma, with a subsequent stable, adiabatic compression heating the target to high energy density. Shock compression of the target coincides with the development of a J×B force at the target/liner interface. Stronger B-field transport and earlier shock compression increases with higher-Z liners, which results in an earlier shock arrival on axis. Delayed shock formation in lower-Z liners yields a relative increase in shock heating, however, the 2...


Results are presented of a search for dark matter production using the CMS detector at the LHC. Collisions of pp at TeV totaling 5 fb−1 were counted for final states consisting of missing transverse energy accompanied by either a monophoton or a monojet. The data is consistent with Standard Model background, so limits are placed on both spin-dependent and spin-independent dark matter particle masses and production cross-sections. These are examined within the context of direct detection experiments where our results extend the current best limits.


These Notions, concerning Coinage, having for the main, as you know, been put into Writing above Twelve Months since; as those other concerning Interest, a great deal above to many Years: I put them now again into your Hands with a Liberty (since you will have it so) to communicate them further, as you please. If, upon a Review, you continue your favourable Opinion of them, and nothing less than Publishing will satisfie you, I must desire you to remember, That you must be answerable to the World for the Stile; which is such as a man writes carelesly to his Friend, when he seeks Truth, not Ornament; and studies only to be right, and to be understood. I have since you saw them last Year, met with some new Objections in Print, which I have endeavoured to remove; and particularly, I have taken into Consideration a Printed Sheet, entituled, Remarks upon a Paper given in to the Lords, &c. Because one may naturally suppose, That he that was so much a Patron of that Cause would omit nothing that could be said in favour of it. To this I must here add, That I am just now told from Holland, That the States, finding themselves abused by Coining a vast quatity of their base [Schillings] Money, made of their own Ducatoons, and other finer Silver, melted down; have put a stop to the Minting of any but fine Silver Coin, till they should settle their Mint upon a new Foot.


Longer life time is required to commercial hybrid vehicle than that of passenger hybrid electric vehicle, like conventional commercial and private vehicle. On the respect of electric motor of hybrid powertrain, the lifetime of electric motor mostly depends on the two factors; electric insulation degradation and fatigue of bearings. In electric motor design, especially used in commercial hybrid powertrain, the reliability and lifetime estimation is very crucial in order to meet the lifetime requirement.


Bell & Howell Information and Learning: foreign text omitted After the end of the story of Job (42:17), LXX Job contains two additions with no equivalent in the MT, Peshitta, Qumran Targum (11QTgjob), or Rabbinic Targum of Job.1 The first augments the canonical account of Job's death (Job 42:17) with a brief affirmation that he will be resurrected (LXX Job 42:17a). This addition seems to respond to questions raised by the denial of resurrection within the book of Job (e.g., Job 7:9; 14:7-12; see b. B. Bat. 16a). Consequently, it is generally thought to be a later gloss and to be independent from the lines that follow.2 While the first addition is brief and its motivation relatively transparent, the second addition (subsequently termed "the LXX Job appendix") proves more intriguing. This addition begins by referencing an unnamed "Syrian" or Aramaic source. It then locates Job's land of origin "on the border of Idumea and Arabia" and identifies him with Jobab, the Edomite king of Gen 36:33 (LXX Job 42:17b). Subsequently, the passage combines information from Gen 36 and LXX Job in order to trace Job's heritage through Esau to Abraham (42:17c) and to locate him chronologically within a list of Edomite kings (42:17d). Lastly, his three friends are listed, along with the lands over which they reigned (42:17e). The text of the appendix reads as follows:3 IMAGE FORMULA7 This passage proves significant both as a Septuagintal addition to the book of Job and as a Hellenistic Jewish interpretation of Job. On the one hand, it represents one of several additions in LXX Job, including the speech of Job's wife in 2:9, the identification of his friends as kings in 2:11, and the assertion of his resurrection in 49:17a.4 The fact that this passage was appended to the Greek translation of Job may point to an attitude toward this text as not completely fixed in its written form.5 On the other hand, the appendix presupposes the necessity of locating the figure of Job within biblical history, consonant with the emerging conception of biblical texts as "Scripture" in Second Temple Judaism and the resultant proliferation of biblical interpretation. This harmonizing mode of exegesis assumes the unity and authority of a group of biblical texts, insofar as it uses the Edomite king list of Gen 36 to answer the silence of the book of Job on the issues of Job's identity, ethnicity, and relation to the nation Israel.6 The LAX job appendix thus is best examined in two contexts: (1) the text history of LXX Job and (2) the history of Jewish interpretation about Job. The first section of this inquiry will consider its relationship to various Greek translations and versions of the book of Job, as well as to the fragment about Job from Aristeas the Exegete (Pr. Ev. 9.25.1-4). Here the questions of the original language and approximate date of the appendix will be central. Turning then to the appendix's biblical interpretation, the next section will explore its use of Gen 36 to associate Job with Edom/Idumea and will suggest that some of its extrabiblical details derive from this identification of Job's ethnicity. The final section will aim to locate the LXX Job appendix within the history of interpretation of the book of Job. Comparing the LXX Job appendix to Aristeas the Exegete, the Testament of Job, Pseudo-Philo, and later rabbinic traditions, it will contextualize this approach to Job within the range of postbiblical Jewish traditions about his ethnicity, his connection to the patriarch Abraham, and his place within the chosen nation Israel. I. The Original Language and Date of the LXX Job Appendix Although it is present in all catalogued LXX manuscripts, there is some question as to the provenance of this addition. Much of the confusion arises from the complex text history of LXX Job itself. As currently extant, LXX Job reflects two discernible stages of composition: the Old Greek translation (OG), composed around 150 B. …


The present invention relates to an electrical submersible electric potential an acoustic underwater communication or acoustic tomography water immersion fluid in a transducer, said transducer comprises two speakers, a counterweight, two at one side with the task of sound a motor is aligned along the axis of symmetry, opposite ends of the motor are connected to the speaker by the acoustic electric motor, and the weight composition of the horn assembly capable of generating longitudinal acoustic resonance mode electrically. According to the invention, said transducer comprises a rigid with said hollow cylindrical portion and extending around the weight of the cylindrical shaft portion having an axis of symmetry merged with the transducer, the cylindrical forming the inner portion of the fluid chamber can be filled with immersion fluid, when the fluid chamber when filled with the immersion fluid, the electro-acoustic motor and the cylindrical portion is so dimensioned that the fluid chamber is formed by acoustic coupling between the resonance modes of said transducer to said longitudinal acoustic resonance mode and the electrical circumference of the cylindrical portion.


The article considers oxidized state of the cluster [2Fe-2S-4(SCH 3)] 2-, which is an analog of active center point in ferredoxin proteins, in the framework of DFT and reveals probability of non-adiabatic spin-inhibited junctions between the cluster conformers in singlet and triplet states. Junction structures obtained can be used for study of reaction mechanism of the cluster with a confluent spin states.


Currently, software development organizations are increasingly interested in adopting agile processes and practices. The organizations, however, need procedures and methods for supporting a systematic selection and deployment of new agile practices and for tailoring them to suit the organizational context. In this paper, an agile deployment framework is proposed. It is compatible with the ideology of continuous improvement of organizational practices (QIP), while it also integrates it with the opportunities provided by short iterations of agile process model. The suggested framework includes the procedures and methods needed for selecting suitable new agile practices in an organization. It also embodies the means for iteratively tailoring and validating the deployed practices within agile projects and gaining feedback rapidly from projects to the organization. The paper presents the empirical experiences of a case study where the F-Secure Corporation deployed a new agile software development process (Mobile-D) in a pilot project in order to utilize its experiences in developing an organization specific agile process model alongside their traditional F-Secure product realization process.


User status online identification method and apparatus based on eye movement data, said method comprising the steps of: collecting eye movement data online user viewing page in the course of, and the eye movement data preprocessing obtain pretreatment after the eye movement data; of eye movement data preprocessed feature extraction, obtaining a plurality of characteristic parameters of eye movement; the plurality of input parameters of the eye movement characterized in internet user to a preset condition classifier for comparison in order to identify the current operating status of the web users to browse or search state status. The present invention is for online users to search and browse two working state identification using active sensing technology to extract dynamic characteristics of the two eyes, while using a support vector machine classification method based on fast learning correct classification rate, with higher recognition efficiency.


We study whether stricter banking regulation has changed the funding mix of innovative SMEs. For this purpose we employ data from the Mannheim innovation panel. Our results show that the likelihood of using bank loans as a funding source has not changed for tangible investments and innovation investments after stricter capital requirement regulations have been announced. However, the probability of using other external funding sources such as mezzanine capital and overdraft has decreased. On the other hand, subsidies have increased due to programs that have been implemented in the course of the financial crisis. Strong evidence is found that medium sized firms use more bank loans than both smaller and larger firms. Furthermore, SMEs' productivity has not changed post making banking regulation stricter. Overall, the impact from funding sources on productivity is rather limited. However, firms that have used mezzanine capital or subsides exhibit significantly lower productivity.


This research presents a new method for generation of multilevel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signals for optical interconnects and data center networks. The new approach uses multimode interference (MMI) structure with two phase shifters in push-pull configuration instead of microring resonators and two couplers as shown in the literature. Based on this structure, an extreme high bandwidth and compact footprint can be achieved. The whole device is designed and analyzed using the existing VLSI silicon photonics.


On the assumption that an initial oscillation in any part of a frame aerial is propagated round and round the frame an infinite number of times in both directions, with the consequent formation of stationary waves, a theoretical expression is obtained for the value of the current in any part of the frame. From the expression so obtained the positions and magnitudes of the current antinodes are deduced. The antinodes are fixed in space and are independent of the orientation of the frame to the wave-front. The current at any point of a frame consequently varies as the frame revolves in its own plane. Experimental results are described which verify the conclusions concerning the positions of the antinodes and the effects produced by a revolving frame. Other experiments are in progress to test the deductions concerning the magnitudes of the currents at the antinodes.


The limited use of the katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. & Zucc.) in the landscape may be due to its reputed, but uncharacterized, intolerance of drought. We examined the responses of katsura trees subjected to episodes of drought. Container-grown trees in a greenhouse were subjected to one of three irrigation treatments, each composed of four irrigation phases. Control plants were maintained under well-hydrated conditions in each phase. Plants in the multiple-drought treatment were subjected to two drought phases, each followed by a hydration phase. Plants in the single-drought treatment were exposed to an initial drought phase followed by three hydration phases. Trees avoided drought stress by drought-induced leaf abscission. Plants in the multiple- and single-drought treatments underwent a 63% and 34% reduction in leaf dry weight and a 60% and 31% reduction in leaf surface area, respectively. After leaf abscission, trees in the single-drought treatment recovered 112% of the lost leaf dry weight within 24 days. Leaf abscission and subsequent refoliation resulted in a temporary reduction in the leaf surface area: root dry weight ratio. After relief from drought, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate were maintained at least at the rates associated with plants in the control treatment. We conclude that katsura is a drought avoider that abscises leaves to reduce transpirational water loss. Although plants are capable of refoliation after water becomes available, to maintain the greatest ornamental value in the landscape, siting of katsura should be limited to areas not prone to drought.


Cloud plays essential roles to Earth's energy balance and hydrological cycle. Its characteristics could be modified by human activities through cloud seeding. However, there is long‐lasting debate whether the cloud seeding can modify the clouds to introduce or change precipitation effectively, due to the challenge that the effect of cloud seeding is difficult to be evaluated. Using the data from a cloud seeding experiment, this study investigates the differences of cloud properties between before and after the cloud seeding for a supercooled liquid cloud. It shows that before the cloud seeding, the clouds are supercooled liquid phase clouds. After cloud seeding, the observations from both the cloud particle images and cloud particle size distributions indicate the occurrence of large ice crystal particles and the broadening of particle size distribution. Thus, much larger and much more ice crystal particles occurred after the cloud seeding, which could further grow into precipitation particles through collision‐coalescence process. Satellite image further shows the formation of precipitation clearly after the cloud seeding experiment. This study suggests that cloud seeding can work efficiently for supercooled liquid clouds.


Os isotopic compositions of an iso-osmiridium and a hex-osmiridium in the Gaositai ultramafic complex,Hebei province,were reported.The 187Os/188Os ratios for the two minerals are 0.123 582±7 and 0.123 731±7,respectively.The explanation of the data depends on other geological and geochemical constraints,such as the ages of the minerals and the characteristics of the source regions.Suppose the osmium was derived from a primitive upper mantle,the model ages of the two minerals could be 500±10 Ma;if the osmium was from an old depleted lithospheric mantle,the model ages could be as young as 60±15 Ma;while if the osmium was from fertile plume source,the model ages could be as old as 1 600±10 Ma.The model age of the minerals depends on the degrees of depletion or of enrichment of the mantle source.In contrast,if the minerals were formed in Yindo-sinian orogeny,Os could be likely derived from an old depleted lithosphric mantle and if the minerals were formed in the Mid-Proterozoic,Os were probably derived from a fertile plume source.Based on regional geology,we prefer that the Os was derived from a fertile source and the Gaositai intrusion was formed during the Mid-Proterozoic.However,the issue merits further investigation.Nevertheless,the data provided by this work will help with understanding the age of Gaositai platinum-bearing intrusion and the mantle characteristics beneath the northern margin of the North China Block in the future.


The major goals of this study were (a) to investigate multiple aspects of English phonological patterns spoken by Chinese speakers with different dialect backgrounds, (b) to explore non-native speakers' (NNSs') perceptual judgments of the intelligibility of Chinese- accented English, and (c) to examine the effects of the listener's language background on their perceptions of Chinese-accented speech. One Cantonese speaker from Hong Kong and one Mandarin speaker from Taiwan were recruited to read and record an English text. Twenty-nine listeners of various language backgrounds were separated into five groups: native Cantonese (n = 5) native Mandarin (n = 5), native English (n = 5), ESL (n = 10), and EFL (n = 4). They were requested to transcribe the test utterances in a self-paced speech recognition task and judge the intelligibility and the strength of the foreign accent. The results showed that all groups perceived both the Cantonese and Mandarin accents to be at least 70% intelligible. Mandarin-accented English was easier to understand than Cantonese-accented English was. The ESL group (including Filipino and Pakistani native speakers) and the Cantonese group performed worse than the other three groups. In comparing the two foreign-accented speeches, the listeners perceived consonant cluster simplifications and consonant substitutions in both accents. In Cantonese-accented speech, several word-stress shifts and double primary stresses evidently made words unintelligible. The listeners' perceptual judgments of Cantonese and Mandarin accents yielded a disfavour rating for both. Among all listeners, the ESL group demonstrated a higher degree of agreement on intelligibility and the


This study has been carried out to investigate into the influence of solidification conditions mold on the structure and mechanical properties of Al-5wt%Mg alloy by metallic mold casting. The percentage of equiaxed grain of Al-5wt%Mg alloy castings increased both when pouring temperature decreased and when the low part or bottom of metallic mold was cooled. The hardness was checked and showed that hardness of outside in the castings was higher than that inside, and that it is the highest at the pouring temperature of . The castings had the highest U.T.S. and elongation when the bottom of metallic mold was cooled. At the same pouring temperature, the structure of castings was changed as the position of cooling parts of metallic mold was varied. When the castings were solidified through cooling of the bottom of the metallic mold, the morphology of Fe intermetallic compound has tendency to change to a Chinese script and the U.T.S. and elongation of Al-5wt.%Mg alloy castings was increased.


The paper dwells on the selection of basketball tact and application in respect of psychology, the game requirement, physical requirement, tact performance, and objective condition based on the combination of theory with practice.


A computer curve‐fitting technique was developed for use in the kinetic interpretation of potential‐step data obtained during oxidation of fuel gas in molten carbonate. A complete current response curve was analyzed by this technique. Much more extensive kinetic and mechanistic information could be extracted by this procedure than that was obtained by the conventional method. Application of the technique to model discrimination is also described.


Replacing the concrete deck by a steel one allowed the bridge to be both upgraded and widened. And the traffic flow was not interrupted.


ABSTRACT This article analyzes the putative turn to New Sincerity, post-irony, or "post-postmodernism" in contemporary US literature identified by critics such as Adam Kelly and Lee Konstantinou. Taking David Foster Wallace's 1997 collection of short stories Brief Interviews with Hideous Men as my exemplar of "New Sincerity," I propose that Wallace's "sincere" aesthetics valorize the cultural logics of neoliberalism, drawing on Robin James and Jane Elliott's concepts of "resilience discourse" and "suffering agency" to do so. Even as his work exhibits skepticism toward the concept of sincerity, Wallace presents it as a corrective to the pitfalls of postmodern culture, staging spectacles of gendered violence to reinstate the "reality" and sincerity apparently destroyed by postmodernism. I then turn to Jennifer Egan's novel Look at Me (2001), which, like Wallace's fiction, features "anti-postmodernist" characters who are plagued by the inauthenticity of the post-industrial world they inhabit. In contrast to Brief Interviews, I argue, Egan's text exposes the misogyny that underlies the quest for sincerity and foregrounds the specifically gendered consequences of the forms of value extraction inaugurated by neoliberal capital.


Similar to previous reports, the latest annual United Nations (UN) Report on Children and Armed Conflict identified 10 173 child casualties and 4019 children killed in armed conflicts the preceding year. Most of these children were victims of "internationalized" conflicts, defined as internal conflicts in which $1 third party governments are involved with combat personnel. Five such protracted conflicts involve the United States and allied armies (Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen, Somalia, and Mali). These account for 69% of total reported child casualties and 64% of children killed. We present examples of how children continue to be harmed in armed conflicts as well as practical suggestions for how pediatricians can help reduce the impact of armed conflicts on children.


Department of Microbiology, Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran Dear editor Recently, we have meticulously read the paper by Amin et al about the effect of Deconex and sodium hypochlorite on bacterial taxa isolated from dental faculty units in Ahvaz Jundishapure University of Medical Sciences. Firstly, we are fortunate that a specialist evaluates axiomatic fact. According to the confirmed antimicrobial effect of deconex product by Borer Chemie AG based on its certificates (VAH: German Association for Applied Hygiene, CE1250 by Switzerland and EC-certificate by registration number 33818), no more tests are needed for confirmation, especially by non-specialized sections. These tests are merely administered by oversight organizations such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or infection control committee of Ministry of Health and Medical Education from approved and specialized laboratories. Currently, according to the categories of international FDA, alcoholic-based compounds are approved to be used as safe disinfectants especially in moderate conditions (not high-dose infections). Accordingly, it would be baseless to verify such compounds. Based on obvious data and the mechanism of alcoholic compounds on microbial proteins, no valid reports have been recently submitted about the formation of resistance against alcoholic-based disinfectants, not even in prolonged applications. In case of any report on inappropriate decontamination findings, the cause might have been an incorrect application of reagents according to the international and company recommendations (it is mentioned briefly in the introduction part). In addition, there are some confusing explanations in the method section which are against standard techniques and Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guideline. The authors claim that as many as 100 samples were taken from different parts of 10 different units from different divisions. Due to the dispersion of the sampling, how did the authors conclude the greatest contamination persists in all 10 units of 3 studied (!!!) divisions (oral medicine, root canal therapy and surgery) with the rest of 9 other units from other divisions? In the first step for isolates detection, hot dyeing (or Ziehl-Neelsen) method is introduced, but this method is used in phenotypic tests only for mycobacteria, Correspondence: Amir Emami Department of Microbiology, Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, AmirAl-Momenin Burn and Wound Healing Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, PO Box 719875436, Iran Email email@example.com Infection and Drug Resistance Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research


Let σ, π be two permutations selected at random from the uniform distribution on the symmetric group Sn. By a result of Dixon [5], the subgroup G generated by σ, π is almost always (i.e. with probability approaching 1 as n → ∞) either Sn or the alternating group An. We prove that the diameter of the Cayley graph of G defined by {σ, π} is almost always not greater than exp ((½ + o(l)). (In n)2).


This chapter attempts to add a new dimension to our understanding of the urban poor by exploring a hitherto untouched and virtually unknown source of pauper narratives, those arising from the petitions, written statements and oral requests addressed to the board of The London Refuge for The Destitute in the early years of the nineteenth century.


Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride was the intermediates in the process of producing pesticide and medicine,and it would bring toxic wastewater with composition complex in production process.The wastewater comprehensive treatment by resin adsorption and Fenton oxidation could greatly improve the biodegradability.


In standard tests for genetic toxicity historical control data are used to assess the validity of the experiments as well as additional information for the statistical analysis of the tests. Thus compilation, management and reporting of this data gain ever more importance. Existing SAS Stored Processes can be significantly enhanced by the use of dynamic lists to cope with an increasing number of test types, types of controls, and laboratories. The paper will introduce the data that is handled, show how the application is built up, describe the use of dynamic lists in SAS Stored Processes and explain how the users benefit from this new flexibility.


This work focuses on three important British travellers to Crete during the 18th and 19th centuries to establish whether or not they made any significant contribution to the field of research with regard to the archaeological heritage of Bronze Age Crete. It brings these 'lost pioneers' of antiquity to the fore and to recognize their efforts as part of the foundation of the discovery of the island's Bronze Age archaeology prior to the groundbreaking excavations of Sir Arthur Evans. They are Richard Pococke (1704-65), Robert Pashley (1805-59) and Thomas Spratt (1811-88). Having dealt with the terms that these travellers used in describing ancient remains, the work looks briefly at the background to Bronze Age Crete itself. Thereafter the development from antiquarianism into archaeology is followed to establish the motives behind these travellers' wanderings in Crete.


We consider bargaining in a bipartite network of buyers and sellers, who can only trade with the limited number of people with whom they are connected. Such networks could arise due to proximity issues or restricted communication flows, as with information transmission of job openings, business opportunities, and transactions not easily regulated by external authorities. We perform an experimental test of a graph-theoretic model that allows us to decompose any two-sided network into simple networks of three types, with unique predictions about equilibrium prices for the networks in our sessions. We begin with two separate simple networks, which are then joined by an additional link. Participants appear to quickly grasp important characteristics of the networks. The results diverge sharply depending on how this connection is made, typically conforming to the theoretical directional predictions. Payoffs can be systematically affected even for agents who are not connected by the new link. We find strong evidence that shares (publicly) allocated in the past to others in one's current position substantially and significantly affect what one is willing to accept.


National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty are the foci for rural tourism in the UK and it is the statutory requirement of authorities to promote 'opportunities for understanding and enjoyment' of these areas. Yet the scale of visitation and the reliance on the private car for access conflicts not only with the overriding conservation purposes of these areas and wider sustainability objectives, but also detracts from the rural tourism experience that is sought. Sustainable transport initiatives have been developed which reflect existing knowledge of transport use in this context, in particular the role of transport in forming part of the overall leisure experience. However, appraisal of schemes typically draws upon methodologies and understanding from utilitarian contexts with a failure to acknowledge the distinction between travelling as an activity and travelling to reach a destination. Furthermore, the significance of localised transport impacts on these special and fragile landscapes is not fully taken into account. The aim of this research is to examine how transport provision to support rural tourism can meet sustainability objectives whilst fulfilling the legislative purposes of these protected areas. This study uses the New Forest National Park as a case study area to examine how visitors use transport to reach and travel around the area to develop a framework for the appraisal of transport provision in rural tourism areas. This is achieved by taking a social practices perspective to develop a comprehensive and contextualised understanding of how visitors use transport within the setting of the New Forest. The study included the development of a refined visitor survey which quantified multi-modal transport use amongst visitors, alongside observations and semi-structured interviews undertaken with visitors in situ. The findings of these methods are combined to identify how transport is used within rural tourism visiting practices and how this varies according to visitor characteristics. The use of a social practices lens is used to reveal the elements of visiting practices associated with transport use based upon the 3-elements model (Shove et al 2012) thereby accounting for transport use beyond the physical use of infrastructure, providing for an understanding of the meanings and motivations that visitors attribute to their visit and how their use of transport sits within these. It also addresses the role of competences in defining how visitors are able to use transport in this context. The study concludes that transport use within rural tourism visiting practices is firstly differentiated on a spatial and temporal basis with staying and day visitors having access to varying transport opportunities, with further differences between those staying visitors whose accommodation is situated within the rural destination area and those making excursions from accommodation bases elsewhere. Further variation in how transport is used exists within these prevailing practices with respect to the age-structure and composition of the visiting group. Whilst overlap exists between each of these three practices, they present different advantages and challenges when seeking to modify transport provision to meet sustainability objectives. The study develops an alternative approach to the appraisal of transport provision which focuses on the availability of competences within visiting groups to assess the extent that more sustainable transport use can be incorporated into visiting practices using examples from the New Forest. The adoption of the social practices lens has revealed the relationship between the elements of practice emphasising the limitations of transport initiatives which address individual elements in isolation as opposed to the whole practice. The research provides an empirical application of a social practices' perspective on a protracted transport problem.


Two grading criteria used in determining shrimp product quality and value by the shrimp industry are: 1. Presence or percentage of black spot, measured as a percentage of the total body surface. 2. Shape quality referring to whole shrimp and broken pieces. Black spots (melanoma) on the shrimp surface are evidence of aging shrimp and are considered defects that must be removed from the main production line. Shape quality is measured as the size and the completeness of the body. Broken shrimp pieces are considered a product defect and also must be removed from the main production line. Black spot detection is a simple task for a well-designed machine vision system, which provides consistent and controlled lighting. Shape analysis, on the other hand, is a challenging task because it involves contour extraction and shape analysis. In this paper, a simple, fast, and accurate shape analysis method using Turn Angle Cross-correlation is developed for shrimp quality evaluation. Our analysis results validate that the performance of the proposed shape analysis method is suitable for real-time inspection for commercial applications.


The purpose of this study is to oberve the body consideration on the degree of obesity apperance by percent fat method in college students (subject numer: woman college students 78 in 2000). Demensions were measured body height, body weight and two site skindfold thickness (triceps and subscapular skindfold, TBF-310). The results are as follows: On the average, ages, body height, body weight and percent fat in woman college students were 19.67±2.68 years, 157.74±.42㎝, 52.76±.26㎏, 24.75±14%, respectively. The percentage of normal group in woman college students were 84.7%. The percentage of slight fatness group in woman college students 8.5%, The percentage of fatness in woman college students were 1.7%, The percentage of special case fatness in hip were 20.5%, respectively.


In this paper, a joint non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) clustering and power allocation problem is studied to maximize the uplink total sum rate in Internet of Remote Things (IoRT)-oriented satellite terrestrial relay networks (STRNs). The joint optimization problem is a mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem, which is non-convex and NP-hard. To solve this problem, we decompose it into two subproblems and propose staged algorithms to solve them. The first subproblem is an optimal NOMA clustering problem, which is still non-convex and NP-hard. To solve the subproblem efficiently, a reinforcement learning-based dynamic clustering algorithm (RL-DCA) is proposed. Using the RL-DCA, the users are able to gradually learn the optimal NOMA clustering policy in a distributed fashion. The RL-DCA has fast convergence and its computational complexity at each user remains fixed for any network size. The second subproblem is an intra-cluster optimal NOMA power allocation problem, which is still non-convex. To solve it, we firstly convert it into a convex problem by constrait approximation, then use the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions based algorithm to find the optimal power allocation policy. The second subproblem is solved in an offline fashion, which enables low computational complexity in transmission. Simulation results show that: 1) The RL-DCA has fast convergence and enables good clustering performance; 2) The joint NOMA clustering and power allocation scheme greatly outperforms the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme and other NOMA schemes in terms of total sum rate.


Equations describing steady and unsteady tumbling flow in steep, natural channels are developed and their parameters are evaluated on the basis of field experiments. The hydrologically significant aspects of steady flow can be expressed as a relation between mean storage per unit length (area), \iA, and discharge, \iQ. These functions are evaluated experimentally for 13 test reaches using tracer methods. The form \iA = \IaQ\ub\N provides consistently good fit to the data. A related study shows that the parameters \ia and \ib can be computed from readily available basin data. Nondimensional analysis supports this experimental fact. Unsteady flow data are obtained by observing the passage of small, artificially created surges through the test reaches. Wave propagation appears to be essentially kinematic, but with strong dispersive effects caused by storage in the pool-like channel segments between the frequent critical flow sections. A partial differential equation describing unsteady flow in this type of channel is derived and solved for the initial and boundary conditions of the surge tests. A note on longitudinal dispersion is added as an appendix.


This study aims to describe the headmaster's strategy in developing students' environmental care character. This study is descriptive qualitative. Subject of the study was SMA Negeri 9 Rejang Lebong's headmaster. The research data were obtained by observation, interview and documentation. The data validity examination was used credibility test with triangulation. The data was analyzed by using data reduction, data display and drawing conclusion. Based on research result it can be explained that SMA Negeri 9 Rejang Lebong use strategies in developing students' environmental care character, those are: teaching-learning process, school culture, extracurricular and parents reinforcement.  Moreover, environmental care behavior is reflection of understanding and ability to apply it in daily life. Students' behavior as the researcher explained such as garbage disposing in the appropriate place, daily picket activities and paying attention to social care for school elements and the environment


Abstract : The effect of supplementation of the amino acid L-tyrosine on cognitive task performance was assessed during a highly demanding two-week combat training course, A tyrosine group (10 subjects) received daily doses of a protein-rich drink (containing 2 g tyrosine), while a placebo group (11 subjects) received the same doses of a carbohydrate rich drink (containing no proteins). Cognitive task performance was evaluated immediately preceding the course, as well as at the end of the first week of the course.


This publication provides an overview of forest resources in South Dakota based on an inventory conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program at the Northern Research Station (NRS) in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Agriculture, Resource Conservation and Forestry Division. Estimates are based on field data collected using the FIA annualized sample design and are updated yearly. Information about the national and regional FIA program is available at http://fia.fs.fed.us. For the 2017 inventory, the statewide base sample was augmented by a double intensification of plots within the Black Hills National Forest, thus increasing the sample size compared to previous inventories. The double intensification was initiated in 2017 and will continue in the 2018 inventory. Estimates for current variables such as area, volume, and biomass are based on 8,391 samples (484 forested) collected from 2011–2017. Change variables, such as net growth, removals, and mortality, are based on 8,262 samples (391 forested) collected in 2006–2011 and resampled in 2011–2017. Estimates from earlier annual and periodic inventories are shown for comparison. See Bechtold and Patterson (2005), O'Connell et al. (2014), and Gormanson et al. (2018) for definitions and technical details. A complete set of inventory tables is available at https://doi.org/10.2737/FS-RU-158.


The Salem Limestone is part of the Middle Mississippian Valmeyeran Series in the Illinois basin. In southeastern Illinois, it is composed primarily of oolitic and bioclastic bars prograding across a carbonate ramp environment. A general shallowing upward sequence of environments includes: slope, foraminiferal fore bar, oolitic bar, bioclastic bar, oolitic back bar, bioclastic back bar, reworked algal flat, algal flat, and lagoon. In reality, due to the fact that a typical bar is oolitic in its central part and bioclastic at its ends, two synchronous sequences occur. Processes in the active marine environment include micritization, bioturbation, fibrous rim cementation and the formation of truncation surfaces. In the undersaturated freshwater phreatic zone, aragointic bioclasts, burrows and ooid cortices were dissolved. Within the saturated freshwater phreatic environment, sparite cementation and compaction occurred. Due to the mixing of fresh water and marine water during temporary subaerial exposure of the bar, Dorag dolomitization occurred in the slope environment. During burial partial pressure-solution formed sutured contacts and stylolites. Anhydritization, silicification, pyritization, minor fracturation, precipitation of saddle dolomite and minor calcite cement in fractures occurred during burial. Porosity and permeability vary between and within microfacies. Porosity types range from primary interparticle reduced by pressure solution andmore » cementation to secondary porosity formed by burrow, bioclast, cement and ooid dissolution. Changes in porosity and permeability result from variations in the original lithologies and their effect on cementation, dissolution and pressure-solution. The best porosity is found in the oolitic bar.« less


ABSTRACT Melamine is a toxic triazine which has been recently proven as a threat to human health. It can be ingested by several methods, being the most important the unethical adulteration of protein-rich foodstuff for economic reasons. This review presents several analytical methods, taken from the literature studies, devoted to the determination of melamine in milk, dietetic supplements, drinking and wastewater, swine kidney, plasma, and urine, using micellar liquid chromatography (MLC). We consider that the control of these samples is crucial to prevent and manage melamine intoxication. This technique has been demonstrated as an excellent tool to determine organic compounds in these matrices. We detail the optimization strategy and the obtained results in the different steps of method development, such as sample pretreatment, chromatographic separation, and validation process. The similarities and differences of the procedures have been described and discussed, as well as their advantages. The main ones were the possibility of direct injection and the efficient chromatographic elution, in spite of the complexity of the samples. Besides, it was found that the MLC procedures were fast, easy-to-handle, inexpensive, eco-friendly, safe, and useful for routine analysis. Therefore, they represent an excellent alternative to reliably evaluate the melamine concentration in that kind of samples. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Traditional magnesium and magnesium alloys exist such shortcomings of poor corrosion resistance and unsatisfactory cold processing performance.Aluminum-coated magnesium Al/Mg/Al composite plates were fabricated by clad-rolling,and then treated by diffusion annealing.Aluminum-coated magnesium composite can effectively improve the room temperature plastic and corrosion resistant performance of magnesium alloy,and significantly improve the application of magnesium alloy products and development,expand the magnesium alloy development application fields and application prospect.


Abstract Post-lecture subjective outcome evaluation findings of a university subject promoting the leadership qualities and positive youth development of students at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University are reported. Students were invited to respond to a 16-item post-lecture questionnaire gauging their perceptions toward the subject, lecture, and the teachers after each of the 13 lectures. Factor analysis demonstrated that three factors were abstracted from the scale, including subject attributes, lecture attributes, and teacher attributes. Normative findings showed that students had positive perceptions on each of the dimensions throughout the lectures. Multiple regression analyses revealed that subject attributes, lecture attributes, and teacher attributes predicted global evaluation of the lecture and teacher. Based on the subjective outcome evaluation findings, the present study provides further support for the effectiveness of this subject in promoting the holistic development of the students.


A brief account of some work at the Centre for Educational Technology, Loughborough College of Education, where equipment has been developed for bringing television recording into schools. Both off‐air and locally produced programs are recorded and replayed.


The article analyzes the institutional problems of the water supply and wastewater system of Ukraine. Government-created institutions have a direct or indirect effect on the state and development of the water supply and wastewater sector, determine the processes for its modernization, as the water supply and wastewater sector itself has a certain influence on the institutions, creating the basis for their modernization, transformation or liquidation. The author argues that in order to be effective in implementing the state policy in the field of water supply and wastewater, it has to be consistent with the goals of state economic policy in other areas - social, environmental, tax, energy, financial and economic, housing, national security, etc. The article analyzes how the uncoordinated state policy of the country in the social, environmental, tax, financial, energy, foreign economic sphere affects the sphere of water supply and wastewater and its consequences. The author defines the problems of institutional provision of state policy in the field of water supply and wastewater and describes them. The author argues that the influence of institutional problems on the state and development of the water supply and wastewater system is so great that, no matter how efficient the management and regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater, the result will not meet expectations. In the article the author suggests ways of solving some institutional problems in the field of research.


In the past each laboratory had its own media kitchen. This was aptly named, because meat was delivered from the butcher and the resultant broth had an individual flavour often made to please whichever species the bacteriologist happened to be interested in. Special media were devised for the selective isolation of these species and the bacteriologists' names now enliven the catalogues of commercially prepared media.


1.1 Plant-Insect Interactions
Insects are the most species-rich class of eukaryotes on earth and roughly half of all insect species are herbivores. Besides being species-rich, insects are also quite abundant, making up more biomass than any other animal class. It is therefore likely that during their life, most plants will encounter herbivorous insects chewing on their tissue, sucking up their cell content and/or passively feeding on their vascular sap. Not surprisingly, plants are not defenseless against these herbivores. Plants have evolved a wide range of defense mechanisms which can be constitutively present and/or induced by herbivory. Many of these defense mechanisms have a direct effect on the herbivore by negatively affecting its physiology (e.g. through toxins or anti-nutritional compounds) or by interfering with its behavior (e.g. through repelling or deterring compounds) (Schoonhoven et al., 1998). Besides direct defense mechanisms, plants can make use of 'bodyguards' to protect themselves against herbivorous insects. Often, these bodyguards are insects themselves: predators or parasitoids preying or parasitizing on the herbivores. Plants can reward these bodyguards by providing them shelter, additional food and/or information (Van Poecke and Dicke, 2004). But plants do not only rely on insects as bodyguards. For many plant species insects form an essential part of plant reproduction by transporting their pollen (Pichersky and Gershenzon, 2002). Clearly, insects play an important part in the ecology of plants, whether considered from a natural, agricultural or an evolutionary perspective. In the last decade, Arabidopsis thaliana has been introduced to studies on plant-insect interactions, especially with the aim to get a better understanding of the plant molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction. As the number of publications on Arabidopsis - insect interactions is steadily increasing, this review aims to summarize their most important findings.


The control objective and several key parameters of PEMFC(proton exchange membrane fuel cell)hybrid system were analyzed.Control strategy design and energy optimization simulation were made individually for a given cycle and real time operation.For the given cycle case,genetic algorithm was adopted to solve the multi-constraint combinatorial optimization problem.The simulation result showed the algorithm's feasibility.As far as the real time operation was concerned,based on the original fuzzy control strategy,the fuel cell voltage and voltage variance parameters were introduced to apply two-level modification on the fuzzy control output.The result revealed that the improved fuzzy control strategy could enhance fuel cell efficiency and reduce power fluctuations.


Although several isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) have been implicated in T lymphocyte activation events, little is known about their mode of action. To address the role of PKCζ in T cell activation, we have generated Jurkat T cell transfectants expressing either the wild type (J-PKCζ) or "kinase-dead" mutant (J-PKCζmut) versions of this protein. Expression of PKCζ but not PKCζmut increased transcriptional activation mediated by the NF-κB or nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). PKCζ cooperates with calcium ionophore and with NFAT1 or NFAT2 proteins to enhance transcriptional activation of a NFAT reporter construct. However, neither NFAT nuclear translocation nor DNA binding were in J-PKCζ cells. Our results show that PKCζ enhanced transcriptional activity mediated by Gal4-NFAT1 fusion proteins containing the N-terminal transactivation domain of human NFAT1. Interestingly, PKCζ synergizes with calcineurin to induce transcriptional activation driven by the NFAT1 transactivation domain. Co-precipitation experiments showed physical interaction between PKCζ and NFAT1 or NFAT2 isoforms. Even more, PKCζ was able to phosphorylate recombinant glutathione S-transferase-NFAT1 (1–385) protein. These data reveal a new role of PKCζ in T cells through the control of NFAT function by modulating the activity of its transactivation domain.


Building dialogue systems that naturally converse with humans is being an attractive and an active research domain. Multiple systems are being designed everyday and several datasets are being available. For this reason, it is being hard to keep an up-to-date state-of-the-art. In this work, we present the latest and most relevant retrieval-based dialogue systems and the available datasets used to build and evaluate them. We discuss their limitations and provide insights and guidelines for future work.


of local Lower Boulder-clay. The more the subject is investigated, the more one becomes convinced that the Upper Bouldev-elay is the newest glacial or interglacial deposit in the N.W. of England. The shell-bearing gravel-and-sand around Macclesfield, which according to Mr. Sainter (GBOL. MAG., Vol. II., pp. 366, 368) ranges from 600 to 1200 feet above the sea-level, is I believe an upward extension of the middle drift of the plain of Cheshire. The deposit on Moel-y-Tryfan is not so finely stratified, and the stones are not so much rounded as in the gravel at lower levels; but it agrees with the gr.avel-and-sand of Anglesey in the large boulders being found at its base (though a few are scattered through its mass), and with the Cheshire and Lancashire middle drift in the character of many of its erratics, including Eskdale and Criffell granite, chalk-flints, etc. Mr. Darbishire says it is capped with clay (GBOL. MAG., Vol. II., p. 295) ; though this I missed seeing. The following is the sequence of the drift deposits of the N.W. of England and a part of Wales (order descending):— ' Eed clay, with grey or blue partings; rather few stones and exceedingly few large boulders; more or less marly in its lower part; extensively used for bricks. Maximum thickness unknown.


Calpain activity has been categorized as the most important factor causing proteolysis on structural muscle proteins. Casein Zymogramy is a good technique to study calpain activity with no need to separate calpain and calpastatin from meat samples. Enzymatic activity between cows and heifers did not differ significantly between the two age groups during aging. Decline activities as normally expected were obtained from μ-calpain (P<0.001) and m-calpain (P<0.05). Regarding to μcalpain, several events mediated by its activity (autolysis) were evident allowing to measure μ-calpain activity through its products of degradation. Meat from cow and heifer animals significantly differed (P<0.001) due to aging effects and at 14 d cow's meat samples were tougher (P<0.01) than heifers' samples. Lightness and yellowness of meat significantly increased (P<0.01), as well as cooking loss percent (P<0.01). The degradation of troponin-t bands (37 kDa) also suggested robust μcalpain activity on myofibrillar muscle proteins along the storage period. Key words; Calpains, Hanwoo beef, tenderness