ABSTRACT Echinacea angustifolia or the purple coneflower is an important medicinal plant that boosts the immune system. It is believed that the active ingredients are predominantly located in the root. Physical characteristics and drying rates of the root of E. angustifolia from a farm in Saskatchewan, Canada were studied. Root consisted of a main (central) root and secondary root branches. Cleaned roots exhibited wide variations in mass ranging from 15 to 95 g. The central root diameter varied from 9 to 20 mm with an average of 14 mm. The average initial moisture content of the fresh root was 57% (wb). The specific densities of the fresh and completely dried root were 1040 and 1370 kg/m3, respectively; and the corresponding bulk densities of loosely piled roots were 305 and 410 kg/m3. Roots were dried in a convection oven at temperatures of 23, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70°C. Equations for estimating drying rates, drying constants, and equilibrium moisture content were developed. Increased drying temperatures reduced echinacosides but did not affect alkamides 1 and 2 which are known to be also responsible for medicinal value of E. Angustifolia.


The Na/K ratio in geothermal well waters provides a better estimate of the relative stability of low albite and potash feldspar than do predictions from calorimetry and high temperature phase equilibria. The calculated saturation indices from field data for low albite, potash feldspar suggest that [Delta]G[sub f,298][sup o] for the latter should be revised to [minus]3748.6[plus minus]3.7 kJ.mol[sup [minus]1].


Atypicalities with face processing have been suggested to underlie some of the social impairments in Autism. These atypicalities are characterised by a lack of expertise with face processing and may provide insight into the development of this neurodevelopmental disorder. One way to probe face expertise is by testing the Own-Race Effect (ORE). Evidence (or lack thereof) of the ORE between children with and without autism can reveal fundamental information about the development of face perception in autism. Children with autism and typically developing children from the UK and Japan completed a two-forced choice alternative face recognition task across which contained Asian and Caucasian faces, in four different conditions (identity change, easy eyes, hard eyes, hard mouth). Attention to faces was measured during the task using eye-tracking. In terms of accuracy, there were cultural group differences (Japanese children more accurate, different pattern across conditions) but no developmental group differences - children with and without autism showed a typical ORE. There were cultural differences in face scanning during encoding and recognition - both UK groups showed a bias to eyes and mouths of own-race compared to other-race faces, whereas the opposite was found for the Japanese groups. Although culture has an influence on how children attend to faces, children with autism in Japan and the UK show a typical ORE. This has implications for theory around social development and face processing in autism.


An integrated power plant cooling system for an electrical generating power plant driven by a gas turbine to cool power plant components is provided. The integrated cooling system includes a heat source extracted from the power plant and an absorption chiller utilizing energy from the heat source to cool a chilling medium. An integrated cooling skid includes heat removal devices for a plurality of power plant components. The chilling medium output from the absorption chiller is circulated to the heat removal devices for the power plant components of the integrated cooling skid. Plant cooling water may remove heat from the absorption chiller.


This paper presents a simple procedure for evaluating the impedance matrix for the Peano-Gosper fractal array, a further development of the recursive procedure for the impedance matrix for the Peano-Gosper fractal array proposed by Kuhirun. This procedure enables us to evaluate the impedance matrix without formulating an explicit recursive relation of the impedance matrix.


Using precipitation, polymerization one step to synthesize poly[cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐(4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol)] microspheres (PZs) with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and 4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol, and filled epoxy matrix to prepare composite coatings to study the thermal and friction modified mechanisms. PZs have average particle diameter of 500 nm, the initial decomposition temperature is 457.5 °C and the solid residual rate at 600 °C is 63.1%. PZs uniformly dispersed in the epoxy matrix and effectively improve the Tg and thermostability of the composite coatings. The frictional coefficient of the epoxy/PZs composite coatings reduced from 0.61 ± 0.02 of pure EP to a minimum 0.38 ± 0.01 and the volumetric wear rate reached a minimum 13.2 × 10−11 mm3 with 3 wt% PZs filling. The SEM morphology of grinding crack showed that PZs microspheres have an obvious wearing resistant effect.


Subtitle: ESL, perhaps one of the world's leading integrated sea logistics companies, is the second largest private sector shipping company in India in deadweight terms. Ranjeeta D. McGroarty discusses the debt-free company's strategy going forward.


Diblock copolymers of styrene and isoprene with an ionic-liquid crystalline end group were synthesized by anionic polymerization high-vacuum techniques. Using (3-dimethylamino)propyllithium as initiator, the dimethylamino group was introduced at either chain end. This group was converted to a zwitterionic-liquid crystalline end group by reaction with 2-{6-[4-(4-methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyloxy}-2-oxo-1,3,2λ5-phospholane. The dilute solution properties of the diblock copolymers, containing ∼30 wt % PS, were studied in CCl4, a nonpolar equally good solvent for both the polymeric blocks, by means of static and dynamic light scattering and viscometry. Static light scattering experiments indicate that dimers are formed in most cases, except for copolymers with Mw ≤ 12 000. The estimated aggregation numbers were found to be lower than in the case of sulfozwitterionic end-capped copolymers. It seems that the lower polarity of the nitrogen−phosphorus zwitterion and the increased steric hindrance of the mesogenic...


Abstract The limited research concerning trauma secondary to committing crime in justice-involved persons has been restricted to male forensic psychiatric and violent offender populations. We aimed to extend this by examining justice-involved persons' memories about their crimes, and exploring factors involved in intrusive memories across offence types. One hundred justice-involved adult males completed a questionnaire package examining offence-related shame, guilt, instrumentality-reactivity, and memory characteristics. Forty-three percent reported intrusive memories of a crime they committed. These were experienced across all crime types, especially those with reactive elements. Shame was found to be the most significant correlate of intrusive memories over and above all other factors. While further research is needed (e.g., with justice-involved women), results are in line with theoretical foundations of posttraumatic stress disorder and shed light on psychological consequences of offending. The findings have implications for clinicians and researchers alike, in that intrusive memories and shame may be precipitating factors for related risk factors and would relatedly be worth considering when evaluating patterns of violence and creating relapse prevention plans.


The quality of a quantum operation determines the performance of quantum information processing, such as the sensitivity of quantum sensing. Different from the fidelity of quantum operation in quantum computation, we present an effective function to evaluate the performance and diagnose the imperfection of operations in multi-pulse based quantum sensing. The evaluation function directly links the realistic sensitivity with intrinsic sensitivity in a simple way. Moreover, guided by this evaluation function, we optimize a composite pulse sequence for high sensitivity nitrogen-vacancycenter based magnetometry against spectrum inhomogeneities and control errors to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance by 1 order of magnitude. It marks an important step towards quantitative quantum sensing with imperfect quantum control in practical applications.


In a society where consumption grows more and more, it is essential for marketing
professionals to understand their public audiences. Given that female consumption has been
growing a lot lately and that companies are seeking to understand their needs, demands and
desires, this work shows how the brand contributes to the choice of certain goods and verifies
to what extent the brand is understood by the consumer as a determining factor in the process
of choice. Thus, the final objective of this project is to describe the influence of the brand in
the decision-making process for the purchase of tampons, more specifically from the students
of administration of Universidade Federal Fluminense. For this, bibliographic research on
aspects related to the brand, factors influencing consumer behavior, purchasing decisionmaking
process and the profile of female consumers were made. In addition, interviews were
conducted with the students of administration of Universidade Federal Fluminense in search
of understanding how the brand influences their decision to purchase. Respondents reinforced
the brand's influence in the purchasing process. As for the factors that lead the sample to opt
for a brand, the ones that stood out were the characteristics and quality of the product. As for
factors that do not interfere in the decision to choose the brand of tampons, the price,
advertising of the brand and the fact of being used by known people were highlighted.


(Abridged Abstract) This paper deals with a number of technical achievements that are instrumental for a dis-solution of the so-called {\it Hole Argument} in general relativity. The work is carried through in metric gravity for the class of Christoudoulou-Klainermann space-times, in which the temporal evolution is ruled by the {\it weak} ADM energy. The main results of the investigation are the following: 1) A re-interpretation of {\it active} diffeomorphisms as {\it passive and metric-dependent} dynamical symmetries of Einstein's equations, a re-interpretation that discloses their (up to now unknown) connection to gauge transformations on-shell; understanding such connection also enlightens the real content of the {\it Hole Argument}. 2) The utilization of Bergmann-Komar {\it intrinsic coordinates} for a peculiar gauge-fixing to the superhamiltonian and supermomentum constraints which embodies on shell a {\it physical individuation} of the mathematical points of $M^4$ as point-events in terms of the non-local intrinsic degrees of freedom of the gravitational field (Dirac observables). 3) A clarification of the notion of {\it Bergmann observable} that leads to a main conjecture asserting the existence of i) special Dirac observables which are also Bergmann observables; ii) tensorial (scalar) gauge variables.


In recent years, with the introduction of modern technology and algorithms, major changes have taken place in the field of English teaching in order to evaluate teachers' abilities. One of the algorithms is K-means data algorithm, which has been widely studied to evaluate English teaching ability. The research of this algorithm involves the comprehensive analysis of various factors that affect teachers' performance, including their teaching skills, knowledge, experience and communication ability. K-means data algorithm uses machine learning technology to analyze these factors and generate accurate evaluation based on real-time data. The benefits of this study are many. First, it provides an objective evaluation system that eliminates any subjective bias or personal opinions. Secondly, it enables teachers to identify their strengths and weaknesses and strive to improve their abilities.


Gastritis may be defined as an inflammation of the stomach. The present tendency is to limit the use of the term to those inflammatory conditions which are usually chronic in nature and are characterized by a cellular infiltration and by degenerative or regenerative changes in the surface epithelium, the glands, and the crypts. The purpose of this paper is to present the gross and microscopic features of chronic gastritis. A simple classification of the disease will be followed which, the authors believe, satisfies the needs of the clinician as well as of the pathologist. A review of the literature on the pathology of gastritis reveals the difficulties which faced the early observers. Stomach specimens were rarely obtained for study before postmortem changes had taken place. Injection of the stomach with a tissue fixative as soon as possible after death eliminated much of this difficulty. With the advent of gastrectomy as a surgical procedure, the pathologist was provided with a specimen which represented...


Objective\ To study the effects of HU ECS extracted from traditional Chinese medicine on cultured osteoblasts in vitro. Methods\ MTT,PNPP and ARS were used to observe the proliferation,activity of ALP and the number of mineral nodes of osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Results\ It was found that HU ECS had the effects on stimulating the proliferation,ALP activity and the number of mineral nodes of cultured osteoblasts In 10 -6 g/ml concentration,the effect was stable and notable. Conclusion\ HU ECS has the effects on stimulating the proliferation,differentiation and maturation of cultured osteoblasts in vitro. \;


BXSB is a prototypic murine model for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus manifested. Although few scoring systems have been reported in the literature, there has been no consensus on how to evaluate murine lupus nephritis.


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the application of auricular composite tissue flap in treatment of nasal alar defect. Methods 43 cases of nasal defects patients were admitted to our hospital from January 2008 to March 2013,23 cases of them were treated with auricular composite tissue flap transplantation,and the other 20 cases were given nasolabial sulcus flap transfer operation. All patients were followed-up for 6 to 12 months,and the rate of secondary surgery,proliferation of scar,and flap survival of the two groups were compared. Results Treatment of auricular composite tissue flap transplantation has more advantages in terms of the rate of secondary surgery,proliferation of scar,and flap survival,and the difference is of statistical significance(P 0. 05). And there is no obvious difference in satisfaction degree of cosmetic outcomes. Conclusion Auricular composite tissue flap surgery has the advantages of simple operation,good appearance and good efficacy.


In this commentary I address some of the key ideas presented in Kolar-Panov's paper titled 'Video as the diasporic imagination of selfhood: a case study of the Croatians in Australia' which was published in Cultural Studies 10: 2, 1996. My own research, conducted during the same period, on the same group of migrants and in the same country, found very little evidence to support some of the assertions made in the paper. I therefore challenge the author's main assumptions about the impact of video technology on the formation of diaspora identities and address some of the theoretical issues behind the notion that video technology is the first widespread postmodern communication medium. I highlight the intrinsic similarities between telecast and video technologies and show how Kolar-Panov's argument tends to slide into both technological and social determinism.


A 52-year-old immunocompetent man presented with a 2-month history of weight loss, fever, and headache associated with cutaneous lesions in his face and upper limbs. A month later, he developed left-sided hemichorea (Video 1). Laboratory investigation revealed a positive serum cryptococcal antigen hemagglutination test. Skin and lung biopsies identified Cryptococcus gattii. Brain MRI showed right caudate and internal capsule T2/FLAIR hyperintense lesions compatible with cryptococcomas (Figure). Cryptococcal infections occasionally present as neurocryptococcosis but rarely as hemichorea, especially in immunocompetent hosts.1,2 After induction therapy with IV amphotericin B plus flucytosine followed by voriconazole, hemichorea (Video 1) and neuroimaging (Figure) improved significantly.


This report is the third of an Amiodaron polyneuropathy associated with osmiophilic lamcllated inclusion observed in electron microscopy. Considered together with similar reports in Pcrkexiline neurop


The three‐dimensional (3‐D) problem of bi‐materials or two ideally bonded elastic half‐spaces with interacting sub‐interface cracks subjected to time‐harmonic loading is analyzed. The boundary value problem is reduced to a system of boundary integral equations (BIEs) in the frequency domain for the crack‐opening‐displacements (CODs) only. Boundary integrals over the finite crack‐surfaces are obtained by introducing modified elastodynamic Green's functions, which identically satisfy the contact conditions on the infinite interface. The singularity subtraction technique under consideration of the 'square‐root' behavior of the CODs at the crack‐front is applied for the regularization of the BIEs. By using a collocation scheme, the BIEs are converted into a system of linear algebraic equations. Numerical calculations are performed for a bi‐material with two penny‐shaped cracks located on both sides of the interface subjected to time‐harmonic tensile loading of constant amplitude on the crack‐surfaces. Numerical results for the mode‐I dynamic stress intensity factor as a function of the wave number are presented and discussed for various material combinations and distances between the interface and the cracks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Supercritical CO2 molding compression foaming is an emerging technology for preparing thick microcellular polymer sheets. In a temperature range of 245–255 °C and CO2 foaming pressure range of 5–20 MPa, the molding compression foaming behavior of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is systematically studied. The maximum expansion ratio of the prepared PET foams is above 30, while the bubble size is only ≈20 μm. It is observed that during the foaming process, the temperature drop caused by rapid depressurization reaches up to 57 °C, which greatly changes the viscoelasticity of PET and limits its foaming behavior. The nucleation and bubble growth behavior of PET is simulated and analyzed based on this change in viscoelasticity. Microcellular PET foams have excellent compression performance due to their smaller cell size and thinner cell wall, and the compression elastic modulus of the prepared microcellular PET sample is twice that of the extrusion foaming PET sample with a similar expansion ratio.


Nitrogenase is the only known biochemical machinery responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. In the process of biological nitrogen fixation, the nitrogenase MoFe-protein catalyzes the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia at the FeMo-cofactor, upon receiving the electrons from the donor via Fe-protein. The two unusually large metalloclusters, the [7Fe:9S:Mo:C] FeMo–cofactor and [8Fe:7S] P–cluster, in the MoFe-protein highlight the richness of the redox chemistry available to nitrogenase for dinitrogen reduction. The information on the site-specific charge distribution within these metalloclusters is crucial towards ultimately understanding the mechanisms of nitrogenase at atomic-level. Multi-wavelength X-ray anomalous diffraction (MAD), by combining the strength of X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), provides a powerful tool for probing the local structure of the metals in a site-specific
fashion. We have applied site-specific XAS to the MoFe-protein and other Fe-Sproteins as models for the study. The acquired site-specific Fe K-edge absorption spectra have been analyzed to assign relative oxidation states to irons in the
metalloclusters. The progress and challenges in this aspect of our work will be discussed. The results from the site-specific XAS studies on the MoFe-protein also demonstrate the presence of a mononuclear iron site, designated as Fe16, in addition to the fifteen iron sites present in the FeMo–cofactor and P–cluster. The Fe K-edge absorption data of the Fe16 site indicates that the iron is in the ferrous oxidation state. The high sequence conservation of the residues coordinated to Fe16 emphasizes the potential importance of the site in nitrogenase.


In the Russian Federation is long overdue significant adjustment to the current legislation on administrative responsibility, especially in terms of appointment of administrative punishment in the case of legal entities, as evidenced by the performance of famous scientists-administratyvistiv and practice complaint in the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the state Duma decided on the development and adoption of the new code of administrative offences. In the article the basic novelties offered by developers of the new administrative law. Among them such as clarifying legal formula guilt of the legal person in the Commission of an administrative offence and significant delimitation reason to bring him to administrative responsibility, the change of the conceptual apparatus, the possibility of lowering the minimum amount of fines imposed by the courts on legal entities under certain circumstances. It is also proposed to exclude from the number of legal entities as subjects of administrative responsibility of state bodies and bodies of local self-government, committed illegal actions (inaction) in the implementation of the external public authority activity as dominating entities.


This article traces the introduction of the quiz show into Japanese broadcasting, led by the US occupation forces in the aftermath of World War II. Between late 1946 and the early 1950s, the occupation's radio personnel guided the Japanese broadcasting monopoly NHK to air several replicas of American quiz programs. These replicas provoked a quiz craze in the war-devastated nation. By positing the quiz show as a cultural form deeply embedded in American-style capitalist democracy, the author argues that early radio quiz shows provided a microcosm in which Japanese listeners symbolically practiced some of the normative participatory principles of the particular form of democracy preferred by the occupation. The popularization of the quiz show, even though a complex and at times uneasy process, channeled and reflected the larger historical transformation in the organizing principles of society and the normative form of subjectivity, which was strongly conditioned by the US hegemony in the rising Cold War.


Difference in differences (DD) is widely used to find policy/treatment effects with observational data, but applying DD to limited dependent variables (LDV's) Y has been problematic. This paper addresses how to apply DD and related approaches (such as"ratio in ratios"or"ratio in odds ratios") to binary, count, fractional, multinomial or zero-censored Y under the unifying framework of `generalized linear models with link functions'. We evaluate DD and the related approaches with simulation and empirical studies, and recommend 'Poisson Quasi-MLE' for non-negative (such as count or zero-censored) Y and (multinomial) logit MLE for binary, fractional or multinomial Y.


The locations of Korean firms in Los Angeles reflect spatial segmentation in markets and the provision of labor, in that the ethnic neighborhoods facilitate positive business environments for ethnic small firms. While Korean small businesses serve both community needs and broader local markets, firm locations are closely associated with the residential patterns of some ethnic populations. To address the specificity of firm locations, this paper examines Koreatown using historical sources and recent property development, identifies changes in the locational patterns of Korean firms between 1975 and 1986, and analyzes relationships between business density and density of ethnic populations for zip code areas. The findings of this study indicate that both the development of Koreatown and the presence of ethnic neighborhoods are important influences on the location of Korean businesses.


This study compared some of the survey data collected by the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) to information from vital records and administrative records in the First Steps Database (FSDB) for a group of women who gave birth in 1993. PRAMS is an ongoing survey of Washington women who have given birth. The FSDB contains birth certificate information for all Washington residents who have given birth since 1988, and additional information from the Department of Social and Health Services on those women who received publicly-funded medical care (Medicaid). Most women who responded to the PRAMS survey also had information about their pregnancies in the FSDB. Major findings were: (1) both PRAMS and FSDB are good sources of information for clearly-stated questions pertaining to salient events including due date, dates of birth for mother and child, lengths of delivery stay, and other live births; (2) PRAMS appears superior to the FSDB as a source of information on socially or medically disapproved maternal behavior; (3) Medicaid information in the FSDB appears to better answer questions on Medicaid coverage and medical services than PRAMS; and (4) birth certificate information from the FSDB appears to be a better source than PRAMS for questions about narrowly defined pregnancy events that usually occur early in pregnancy. (WJC) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. MATCHED COMPARISON OF THE PREGNANCY RISK ASSESSMENT MONITORING SYSTEM


Equity capital is often an important source of funds for growing firms. In this paper we investigate the regional differences in the size of newly organized Initial Public Offerings, an important source of equity capital. We also investigate the importance of underwriter reputation and location to the size of the offering. Our findings suggest that underwriter reputation has a large positive impact on offering size even after controlling for firm specific characteristics. Finally, regional differences persist even after accounting for the relative location and reputation of the lead underwriter. INTRODUCTION Historically, capital investment has been an important component to economic growth. Michie (1987) finds that, in 1853, the issuance of equity accounted for 25% of the United Kingdom's capital investment. Although various systems create equity, such as venture capital and direct finance, capital formation is heavily reliant upon equity markets. It is the relationship between economic growth and equity markets that suggests the development of an intranational regional analysis. Whether used to raise money for new, start-up firms (through venture capital), convert existing firms into publicly held firms, or carve-out subsidiaries of existing publicly held firms, capital markets are a an important part of economic growth. This potential has led to a wealth of research in the field. The evolution of commerce joins regional economics with IPOs through the consideration of firm expansion and employment. Although most IPO firms are small, 58.2% of IPO firms are in the smallest quintile of public companies (Brav and Gompers, 1997), IPO's provide growth potential within a region. The literature is divided on how many new jobs these small firms provide. Birch (1987) contends that between The Industrial Geographer, Volume 2, Issue 1, pp.94-110 ©Kashian & Brooks The Industrial Geographer 1981 and 1985, firms with fewer than 100 employees created all of the net new jobs. While the "net" contribution of small firms to the creation of new jobs (Davis et al 1994) is questioned, Henderson (1997) finds small firms accounted for 55% of all jobs in the United States. If these small businesses act as an engine of growth in America, IPOs could be a vehicle for regional economic growth. The purpose of this paper is not to prove the existence of a nexus between IPOs and regional economic growth, which has already been established (Levine 1991, Gurley and Shaw 1967), but rather identify the regional differences in IPOs. This paper strives to detail these which may explain some of the regional variations in economic growth. Given existing research on IPOs, several regional questions are currently unanswered. The first question focuses on the regional differences in IPO proceeds: Does the size of the offering depend on the location of the firm? Even after controlling for firm specific characteristics, remaining differences would suggest unequal access to equity markets. This may disadvantage other regions when it comes to financing growth. The second question centers on the possibility that the IPO offering size is also a function of the lead underwriter's location. This question is directed at internal underwriters (those within the IPO firm's region) and external underwriters. Although it is usually contended that capital is portable, underwriting serves as the regional infrastructure providing a portal for the capital that is collected. A lack of underwriting may imply a structural difficulty that prevents firms from acquiring proper financing. This paper tests whether the use of local underwriters results in higher offering sizes. Or, as a result of reputation, institutional contacts, and retail relationships, do national underwriters generate greater capital? A final question addressed in this paper is whether lead underwriter reputation has a relationship with offering size. Within this hypothesis is an expectation that underwriters with stronger reputations would attract larger firms, but more importantly firms with larger potential, thus garnering larger IPOs. LITERATURE The preponderance of previous IPO research concentrates on returns offered to the investor. A sizeable body of research (Ritter 1991, Levis 1993, Jain and Kini 1994, Spiess and Affleck-Graves 1995, and Loughran and Ritter 1995, Teoh et al 1997 and Carter et al 1998) focuses on the fact that IPOs underperform traditional market indicators. The literatures'


The study is devoted to the problem of attributive technologies for the cognition of dangerous phenomena in the activities of police officers in transport The operationalization of technologies is implemented through the attributive style of activity as an invariant quality, which is based on the experience of employees, characterized by a shortage of decision-making time, the presence of situations of uncertainty, and a method of cognitive visualization of a complex of threatened phenomena. The study involved 231 police officers of the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Northwestern Federal District, the average age of the surveyed was 31 years. The results made it possible to empirically substantiate the main provisions of the concept, to prove the validity of the content of the "social-perceptual", "cognitive", "activity", "motivational" styles, to present the advantages of the attributive style of employees' activity. The obtained data are recommended to be taken into account by the management of line departments and personnel departments when carrying out complex work with employees.


Thus far, our focus has been on studying, reviewing, and/or developing an understanding and ability to make use of properties of U U 1. The next goal is to generalize our work to U n and, eventually, to study functions on U n. The set U n is an extension of the concept of the Cartesian product of two sets that was studied in MAT108. For completeness, we include the following De¿nition 3.1.1 Let S and T be sets. The Cartesian product of S and T , denoted by S T , is p q : p + S F q + T. The Cartesian product of any ¿nite number of sets S 1 S 2 S N , denoted by S 1 S 2 S N , is j p 1 p 2 p N : 1 j b j + M F 1 n j n N " p j + S j ck. The object p 1 p 2 p N is called an N-tuple. Our primary interest is going to be the case where each set is the set of real numbers.


Industrial Storage Racks are used in warehouses, because they improve the space occupation, and let easy access to the products. They are built with cold formed profiles, and presents the instability phenomena like local and distortional modes, common in thin-walled members. The uprights of these structures shows holes to make easy the assemblage. There are various types of racks, that fit to the product to be stored. Among them, we find the drive-in system. This system has high storage density, due to the absence of beams in down-aisle direction, and the rigidly in this direction is due to the base fixity and the beam-column connection rigidly. There aren't standard prescriptions to analysis and design of drive-in systems. This work shows a theoretical-experimental evaluation of this kind of structure, where the global behavior and the interaction among the components are evaluated. The experimental data are compared with numerical results, and parameters like the influence of base fixity and beam to column connection rigidly are considered in the analysis.


Based on a series of regular four-hour drawing sessions undertaken over a period of four years, this book puts together two Canadian painters' reflexions on the creative process and pedagogical concepts, thus unveiling a fine approach to learning to draw from the human model. 13 bibl. ref.


The article presents a summary of dissertations defended by the members of the Department of prosthtodontic dentistry for the past 5 years


This article draws on my research in a township on the outskirts of Cape Town. It focuses on young peoplei?½s identification adaptations in their interaction with chooling in this city. While the deeper markings of race, class and gender associated with the cityi?½s apartheid past are ever present, I will suggest that young peoplei?½s adaptations are negotiated fundamentally in light of the changing cultural topography of race (Rizvi, 2004) in which life in South African cities are currently experienced. I employ the lens of i?½translocalismi?½ to signpost the new articulation field in terms of which school students reflexively adapt their youthful identities. I use the case of one high school student to illustrate how many young people navigate spatially reconfiguring urban school terrain.


Harmonic generation from one-electron ions exposed to a strong laser pulse has been calculated numerically using the Dirac equation for studying the role of relativistic contributions from the nucleus. For the laser parameters employed here magnetic eld contributions are negligible, justifying a one-dimensional model potential. In comparison to the relativistic Schrr odinger theory, slightly more radiation of high harmonic order is predicted in moderately charged ions. This diierence is attributed to the presence of negative energy states in Dirac theory which allows for stimulated zitterbewegung (laser-induced transitions between positive and negative energy states) of the electron. Though many diierent multiphoton processes can already be described in perturbative approaches , particularly interesting eeects arise in a non-perturbative domain of laser-atom interaction 1,2]. Especially, high harmonic generation has been a special focus topic in recent years as a source of short wavelength coherent radiation. In order to model theoretically 1


Abstract A diagnosis of rainfall over South America (SA) during the 1997/98 El Nino year is made examining the roles of water vapor transport and stationary waves. It is found that the low-level jet (LLJ) on the eastern side of the central Andes is stronger during the El Nino event and transports more moisture. This seems to be the source for higher rainfall over southeast SA noted during the El Nino years. A calculation of three-dimensional stationary wave activity (Fs) for 1997 and 1998 showed that in the summer of 1996/97 stationary waves propagate poleward and eastward from midlatitudes into the higher latitudes to the west of south SA and then propagate equatorward to the east of SA. During the autumn of 1997, the vertical component of Fs is consistent with a blocking high over the southeast Pacific. To the east of this high cold air advection from Antarctica occurs, and to the west warm air advection occurs. This is consistent with negative and positive centers seen in the vertical component of Fs t...


Hydroxychavicol isolated from Piper betle leaves, showed inhibitory activity against gastrointestinal pathogens. It exhibited inhibitory effect on the entire gastrointestinal pathogens tested (MICs of 200-400 ?g/ml) with an MBC, which was twofold greater than the inhibitory concentration. Hydroxychavicol exhibited concentration dependent killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to 4 x MIC, that the hydroxychavicol would be a useful compound for the development of antibacterial agents against gastro intestinal pathogens and has great potential for use in treatment of gastrointestinal infections.


1. Introduction Enforcement Rights Evolution 2. EC Environmental Law in the National Legal Order Introduction Direct effect Consistent interpretation Duties on national courts and authorities Conclusion 3. Judicial Review before National Courts Introduction Jurisprudential harmonization of procedural law The Aarhus Convention and implementing EC legislation Procedural requirements Acts susceptible to review Standing Grounds and intensity of review Legal consequences and basic remedies Interim relief Reparation on the basis of direct effect State liability Sanctions Conclusion 4. Preliminary References Introduction General conditions Interpretation Judicial review Sanctions Conclusion 5. Judicial Review before Community Courts Introduction Direct and individual concern Internal review Judicial review Interim relief Community liability Conclusion 6. Enforcement by the Commission Introduction Article 226 EC General and persistent (GAP) infringements Article 228 EC Structural deficits Rights of private parties Horizontal enforcement The complementary role of private enforcement 7. Conclusion Introductory remarks Private enforcement against national authorities and private parties Private enforcement against Community institutions and bodies The Aarhus Convention Recommendations Final conclusion


Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been spreading since December 2019 and still no proven treatment or vaccination has been discovered. Limited case series involving critically ill patients have been reported from South East Asia. Methods: This is a single center, retrospective case series involving 49 ventilated critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia admitted between 7th March until 16th April 2020. Inclusion criteria are COVID-19 adult patients age more than 12 years old, with history of intubation during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay and admitted between 7th March until 16th April. Data were obtained from electronic health record and ICU progress sheet. Results: Forty-nine ventilated COVID-19 patients were included {mean 60.2 [standard deviation (SD): 9.3], range: 42-79, male 75.5%}. Most common comorbidities were hypertension 30 (61%), diabetes 26 (53%) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) 8 (16%). Mean PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio on admission was 115 reflecting severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Fourteen (28.6%) patients required prone ventilation. Patients were intubated for an average of 10 (SD: 8.3) days. All patients received antiviral therapies. The more severely ill patients received either corticosteroid [dexamethasone 11 (22.4%), methylprednisolone 12 (24.5%)] or tocilizumab 8 (16.3%). During their illness, 32 (65.3%) patients developed acute kidney injury (AKI) with 23 (46.9%) patients needing renal replacement therapy (RRT). Average ICU stay is 18 (SD: 10.2) days. Thirty-one patients (57%) managed to be extubated and discharged from ICU while 9 (18.3%) succumbed to death. Conclusions: The majority of ventilated critically COVID-19 patients survived their ICU stay but often suffered from multiorgan complications. © Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine. All rights reserved.


The standards/codes, JB/T 4730.2—2005 "NDT of Pressure Equipment" and "NDT of Oil Gas Steel Pipeline" are widely used in NDT. Comparing the main difference between the two standards in radiographic part testing herein, present paper aims to make NDT operator understanding and using the standards / codes accurately, and then to ensure the quality of NDT and welding works.


Waste management remains a pivotal consideration in any society that is interested in sustainable development, an appreciation of this reality therefore prompted an investigation into the Waste and Recycle industry with respect to the effectiveness of the established safety processes within the industry. The relationship between leadership and the effectiveness of safety processes was also investigated. In this paper, a bold methodology was explored in the analysis of the established accident trends within the industry by under stating the dependence of the effectiveness of any process on the elements of Process Safety Management (PSM) rather than a simple exploration of processes. This paper subsequently established that increased trends in subcontracting would lead to a weakness in all 14 elements of Process Safety Management (PSM) thus compromising any safety process in place while increased legal compliance will strengthen any safety process since the elements of PSM are also strengthened. This paper also attempted to ensure completeness in considering the influence on leadership on the effectiveness of safety processes. Indeed this investigation propelled critical thinking in proposing a different approach in the analysis of safety processes within the Waste and Recycle industry establishing a possible methodology in future investigation into the effectiveness of any safety process within any industry without compromising practicability. Keywords— Process Safety Management (PSM), sustainable development, Waste and Recycle industry


Social media has become increasingly available and is used by millions of people who have near con stant access all over the world. It provides a platform f or people in disparate geographical locations to connect and sha re their lives. Users are able to view and engage with exper iences from remote places, gaining knowledge and insights they may never have had were not for this sustained connecti on. This paper describes a game that was run through Faceboo k, this was created to analyze the interpretation of cultur e between participants in different countries and encourage international interaction between students from the U.S.A. and India. A total of fifteen students from the State University of New York (SUNY) in the U.S.A. and sixteen from the Tripura Institute of Technology (TIT) in India participated in the game. For 30 days, participants uploaded pictures of "culture", whatever their interpretatio n of that word may be, to a Facebook group. Points were award e for posting photos and commenting on others photos. Pla yers were able to steal points by mimicking a photo from another player, providing some friendly competition and excitement to the game. This paper reports on the measures that were taken to analyze increases in interest in other cul tures among the participants and reports on the findings regarding the game mechanics and the use of a gamification strate gy to increase engagement.


Nickel oxide (NiO) material had been reported as one interesting candidate for transparent conductive oxides (TCO) applications, given their specific properties. In this work, we have synthesized un-doped nickel oxide (NiO) thin films by using the spray pyrolysis method deposited on heated glass substrates at 500°C. The effect of the Nickel source on the optical and electrical properties of the prepared films had been reported. We have used two sources of nickel: nickel nitrate (Ni (NO3)2.6H2O) and nickel Chloride (NiCl2.6H2O). The characterization techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy and the two-point probe technique were used to investigate the prepared NiO thin films. The optical analyses show that all the samples exhibit averaged optical transparency between 52% and 61% in the visible region. The evalueted optical gap- the energy of the NiO thin films between 3.59 and 3.84eV with the change of nickel source. Refractive index and extinction coefficient values were decreased with a variation of nickel source. From Electrical measurement, it was observed that the minimum resistivity of the NiO films are 0.106 Ω from films prepared with nickel nitrate source.


Let's be clear, there is nothing honourable about honour-based violence and honour killings. There is nothing justifiable about it either. However, in terms of understanding the topic and assisting the victims and potential victims of these crimes, we need to comprehend the context in which this violence derives and what impact it is having on women.


Available evidence suggests that the P300, an endogenous activity believed to be an index of cognitive activity, is comprised of functionally distinct multiple sources that overlap spatially and temporally. Specifically, two questions are addressed in the present thesis. Is the P300 a reflection of more than one neural source, and if so, are these multiple sources indexing distinct cognitive processes? The classic oddball paradigm was used with visual and auditory stimuli occurring at two levels of probability. This design was used since the literature suggests that these variables may independently influence the subcomponents of the P300 and therefore distinguish them. As well, if the P300 reflects a unitary source of processing, then this source should be invariant across sensory modalities. A spatio-temporal dipole localization modelling procedure was applied to the data to determine whether the P300 is comprised of a single source or multiple sources and to determine whether the sources varied as the experimental variables of modality, task and probability were varied. The rationale was that functionally distinct sources should produce different localization results across conditions. This localization procedure models sources of neural activity as equivalent dipoles and models the head as a four-sphere volume conductor.The model employs a least-squares iterative procedure to compare observed electrical fields to those produced by the assumed sources in the spherical volume conductor. While this modelling procedure has necessary limitations, the results suggest that it was useful in determining that multiple, distributed sources comprise the P300. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that visual and auditory components are distinct, as are the sources which are involved with processing information about the frequency of events. It is not clear whether target and nontarget events are processed by functionally distinct sources. It is concluded that the umbrella component P300 is actually a manifestation of multiple modes of cognitive processing which overlap in space and time.


ARTICULAR neurology is that branch of the neurological sciences that concerns itself with the study of the anatomical, physiological, and clinical features of the nerve supply of the joint systems in various parts of the body. As such, it is clearly of relevance not only to neurologists and neurosurgeons, but also to orthopaedic and physical medicine specialists and to physiotherapists; nevertheless, until recently it has never been the subject of specific and organised investigation.


The invention relates to a bidirectional cement-soil mixing pile machine, which comprises a power source, a transmission mechanism, a bit body and a frame, and is characterized in that the power source comprises a single motor and a reducer which are in mechanical connection in turn, a motor flange, a coupling and a grout injection connector, and the single motor and the reducer are hoisted on the frame; the transmission mechanism comprises a gear box, a main shaft vertically arranged in the gear box, a half shaft sleeved on the lower part of the main shaft, an external sleeve shaft sleeved outside of the half shaft, and a left intermediate shaft and a right intermediate shaft parallel to the main shaft; and the bit body comprises an inner shaft, an inner bit and an outer bit. The pile machine only adopts one motor to drive, uses structural characteristics of gear transmission and kinematic principle, realizes the diversion and mergence of transmission speed and routes and the change of rotation direction, and realizes the bidirectional rotation cement-soil mixing function.


The "supersonic biplane theory" has been proposed in order to reduce the sonic boom in supersonic flight. This theory can be realized at a certain design Mach number, but it cannot be performed at off-design ones. Therefore, some innovations and multidisciplinary design optimization are strongly required to improve the off-design performance. At first, the aerodynamic characteristics around biplanes as a baseline configuration have to be analyzed in order to contribute to the conceptual design of the supersonic biplane. Especially, CFD analyses can produce effective results for the flow phenomena to be captured comprehensively; however, they have to be validated by experimental results. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate experimentally the shock wave interference and cancellation between the wings of biplanes based on the "supersonic biplane theory". Supersonic and transonic flow fields around the biplanes are also examined by CFD analyses and experimental results. This interdisciplinary data will hopefully assist in the effective conceptual design and multi-objective design exploration (MODE) of the supersonic biplane in the near future.


Applying the Activity-Based Cost analysis in management accounting, the cost structure in supply chain was studied. The common order quantity and direct order quantity of customer were distinguished, and the order consolidation for distributor was considered. Considering the minimum economic order quantity(EOQ) and minimum net profit requirements, the static cost optimization model for distributor was established, with the adjustable parts of customer order quantities as the control variables. At last, through evolutionary programming algorithm, the model is applied to simulate the practical problems in Shanhai BaoSteel Company. The results show that the total cost of distributor can be decreased through adjusting the order quantity of each customer in certain scope.


Serum telomerase activity and AFP were determined in patients with chronic hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma to evaluate the use of telomerase activity in peripheral blood of patients using PCR-ELISA to perform highly sensitive, semi quantitative photometric enzyme detection to evaluate it as a prognostic tumor marker of the disease activity. The study was performed on 55 patients that classified clinically into three group: The first group included 15 healthy control subjects, the second group included 20 patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C and the third group included 20 patients with hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC). We measured AFP and hTERT mRNA levels in peripheral blood using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Increased telomerase activity was detected in 85% of HCC and 10% of chronic hepatitis cases but was not detected in controls. HCC is associated with increased telomerase activity in peripheral blood and the incidence of the increased telomerase activity is directly related to the degree of histological undifferentiating of HCC. So, we conclude that the increased telomerase activity in hepatocellular carcinoma is highly evident and it is directly related to the degree of histological undifferentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. We also concluded that a positive telomerase activity existed in chronic hepatitis disease is evaluating telomerase as a more accurate and an early detector for hepatocarcinogenesis.


This monograph presents the thoroughly researched and documented story of how the Environmental Protection Agency and the Tennessee Valley Authority finally settled their nine-year dispute over air pollution control in the Tennessee Valley. It is a penetrating study of what happens when government seeks to regulate itself, and the lessons drawn are relevant for all who are concerned about interest-group politics, intragovernmental regulation, and the public interest. In contrast to many who consider challenges to environmental regulation as obstructionist, these authors argue that such challenges can engender conflicts which confirm the essential vitality of the political process and ultimately serve the public interest. The purpose of the study is twofold: first, it describes what happened when the fledgling EPA tried to regulate its senior sister agency the TVA. Second, it assesses the efficacy and implications of intragovernmental regulation - especially insofar as this particular case teaches general lessons about citizen participation in the regulatory process and its effect upon the public interest.


This is the study on physical environment of hospitals that is an area of service shops among the servicecapes, the study model of Bitner. The purpose of the study is to identify what influence is made on the image of hospitals by the elements of physical environment and to provide with the foundation for adjustment of physical environment of hospitals through ⅰ) assessment of hospital images by hospital customers in the situation of no recognition of physical environment, ⅱ) identification of decisive factors of by hospital customers, and ⅲ) assessment of hospital images by hospital customers in the situation of recognition of service environment. The influence of physical environment on the final images was found to show influential significance both in total basis and in individual basis by distinguished response of the first images (positive or negative).


Formation of cyclic compounds from zirconacycles has been performed by a combination of Michael addition and coupling with an alkenyl iodide moiety in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of CuCl. The reaction of 3-iodopropenoates with various zirconacyclopentadienes in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of CuCl afforded penta- and hexasubstituted cyclopentadienes. The reaction of 3-iodocycloenones with zirconacyclopentadienes, zirconacyclopentenes, or zirconacyclopentanes gave spirocyclic compounds in good yields.


Equity for women in Canadian geography can begin by introducing gender awareness into undergraduate course content. This paper proposes that of the two approaches available, the introduction of gender geography courses and the integration of gender content into traditional courses, the latter is more feasible. Three reasons can be suggested to support this. Implementation of a new course requires additional financial and faculty resources that may not be available, especially to a small department. Second, if a new course is going to be required as part of a degree program then either the number of electives must be reduced or an existing course has to be dropped. Conversely, a Geography of Gender course added as an elective may only attract those already interested in the topic. Third, from a pedagogical standpoint, it may be better to integrate gender content into a variety, if not all, traditional courses rather than place it in isolation. As Kobayashi (this issue, 247) points out, there is a need to critically examine "the range of courses taught, the parts of the world that receive greatest attention, the kind of questions that are asked". Indeed, as Hall et al. (this issue, 238) put it, we need to pay attention to "what counts as geographic knowledge". Creating a New University When the University of Northern British Columbia was established, five mandated areas of interest were identified: Environmental Studies, First Nations Studies, International Studies, Northern Studies, and Women's and Gender Studies. These areas of interest were further defined in a series of guiding principles or values including gender and social equity. A Women's Studies Program was established as one of the twenty-five original academic departments, as part of the university's commitment to `interdisciplinarity', and `pedagogical and curricular innovation' (University Planning Committee 1997, 3). The current Calendar states that the women's studies degree program looks at women's "social and cultural contributions, contemporary roles, and the structures and processes of gender differentiation" (Office of Associate Vice President of Student Services 2000, 82). It makes sense then to choose to introduce gender into mainstreem geography courses instead of singling out gender as a course topic. A geography program was designed for the university and it was left to the institution's first geographer, Dr. Ellen Petticrew, to make modifications. As other members were appointed, a program evolved that fitted the new geographers' skills. When these founding members, two females and four males, developed the degree requirements, in addition to the standard geography courses, they wanted to comply with the five mandated areas identified by the university. Thus, courses included Geography in a Changing World (environmental), Aboriginal Geography, International Geography, and Geography of the Circumpolar North. However, faculty size and workload became a limiting factor in offering courses in all five areas. The faculty decided that rather than offer a gender geography course, all B.A. majors in geography would be required to take at least one course from the women's studies program. Kobayashi and Berg (both in this issue) make the point that gender is marginalized in the university and in course curricula. This is not the case at UNBC, Gender issues are central to the establishment of all the programs at the university. Yet because of constraints in teaching resources, the geography program at UNBC was not able to accommodate all of the five significant interest areas identified. Our intentions were not to purposefully exclude gender. As is often the case, students in geography programs have opportunities to learn about gender in other disciplines, women's studies included. After operating in this manner for a number of years, geography faculty members found that students of both sexes often complained about the women's studies requirement. …


The literature has recognized peer support as a fundamental part of the recovery process for people with severe mental illness (SMI). These populations frequently experience barriers related to (self)stigmatization, social relationship, poor friendship quality, ostracism, isolation, and fear of being rejected or embarrassed. Scientific research suggests those individuals are more willing to share personal and sensitive details through digital technologies, building friendships and using the internet to access health information rather than their peers who do not experience SMI. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the digital-based peer programs and to analyze scientific evidence behind the alternative paradigm, related concepts, intervention designs, and results.


We investigate the impact of electron-lattice coupling on the stability of various magnetic orders in rare-earth nickelates. We use the Hartree-Fock approximation, at zero temperature, to study an effective two-band model with correlations characterized by a Hubbard $U$ and a Hund's $J$. This is coupled to breathing-mode distortions of the octahedral oxygen cages, described semiclassically with a Holstein term. We analyze the effect of the various parameters on the resulting phase diagram, in particular, on the degree of charge disproportionation and on the magnetic order. We confirm that the coupling to the lattice cooperates with Hund's coupling and thus encourages charge disproportionation. We also find that it favors the four-site periodic magnetic order of type $\ensuremath{\Uparrow}0\ensuremath{\Downarrow}0$. Other convergent magnetic phases, such as the collinear $\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}$ and noncollinear $\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}$ states, do not couple to the lattice because of their lack of charge disproportionation. Novel phases, e.g., with charge disproportionation but no magnetic order, are found to be stabilized in specific conditions.


5597 Objective: To document the rate of clinically significant venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium (CCC-E). Methods: Institutional review board (IR...


Recently, many multi-channel protocols and architectures have been proposed to exploit the non-overlapping channels, especially in MANETs and Mesh networks. With the development of modulation and encoding technology, the diversity of data transmitting rate could lead an increment of discrepancy between channels. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, when allocating channels with quality discrepancy, whether the competition on the high-quality channel should be avoided depends on the degree of the discrepancy. A channel competition model is built to quantify the discrepancy. Second, by modeling the channel allocation problem as a game, we found that when the relatively poor-quality channels are good enough to share the other channels burden, a mixed Nash Equilibrium is needed to improve the fairness of allocation mechanism. Third, a mixed strategy-based channel allocation mechanism (MSCA) is proposed to improve the overall performance by introducing randomcity into channel allocation. Simulation results on NS2 show that, by allowing the users to adaptively changing their strategy, MSCA can improve the throughput by 10%-15% and reduce the end-to-end delay by 20%-30%.


Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of an infiltrate on chest radiograph in children between the ages of three and 36 months presenting to the Emergency Department with fever of 103F (39.4C) or greater. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at an academic ED that treats 16,000 pediatric patients per year. Consecutive enrollment of subjects meeting entry criteria was performed by the principal investigator, during all days of the week, when the principal investigator was present. Patients were eligible for enrollment if they were aged 90 days to 36 months, had a rectal temperature of 103F or greater, were immunocompetent, had not received antibiotic therapy prior to evaluation, and did not have otitis media or pneumonia on physical examination. Patients were evaluated by physical examination, rectal temperature, complete blood count, blood culture, catheter-obtained urine analysis and culture, pulse oximetry, and chest radiography. All chest radiographs were interpreted by the attending emergency physician and by an attending pediatric radiologist.Results: Over a 14 month period, 93 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 13.9 months (SD = 8.4, range = 3 to 36 months). The mean temperature was 104.1F (range 103F to 106.2F). Two chest radiographs were read as positive for infiltrate by the pediatric radiologist (2.15%, 95% C I= 0.3 to 7.6). The emergency medicine attending read three radiographs as positive for infiltrate (3.23%, 95% CI= 0.7 to 9.1). The emergency medicine attending considered one radiograph positive that was read as negative by the pediatric radiologist. Conclusions: The prevalence of abnormal chest radiographs in patients from 90 days to 36 months of age with fever of 103F or greater and no pneumonia on physical exam is low, approximately 2% to 3%. Further study is underway to evaluate signs and symptoms which may predict which patients will have an abnormal chest radiograph.


In 1974 Waxman and Geschwind1 described hypergraphia, a tendency toward extensive and compulsive writing, in seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The excessive writings were also described as meticulous and pedantic, at times containing moral and religious overtones. The authors attributed this interictal phenomenon to a "deepening of the emotional response in the presence of preserved intellectual function."1

We describe a case of hypergraphia in a patient with temporal lobe dysfunction whereby handwritten text is augmented by the use of computer technology to generate excessive and extraneous graphs, tables, and typewritten text and publication of a comprehensive Web site. We propose that the era is a determining factor in the hypergraphia phenotype observed in patients with nondominant temporal lobe dysfunction.

A previously healthy right-handed man aged 31 years was hospitalized on three occasions during a 4-month period for complaints of headache, focal weakness, sensory complaints, and transient language …


Despite an extensive body of research the issues of teachers' continuous professional development are of particular importance for modern pedagogical theory and practice. The article outlines the features of public school teachers' professional development in Australia. The study employed a range of theoretical and applied research methods, namely comparative and historical, induction and deduction, logical, analytical, descriptive and statistical as well as questionnaires and interviews. The article specifies the functions of teacher professional development, its elements and components. It analyses the legislative basis and the genesis of Australian teachers' professional development standards. The article identifies the specificities of teacher professional development implementation in Australia. The results show that teacher professional development is a continuous process of deepening knowledge, improving skills and competencies, forming values and attitudes. The methods helped in revealing the interconnection between continuous professional development and educational reforms, the forms, models and methods of CPD of Australian and Ukrainian teachers. The results of the survey showed the potential for the system of Ukrainian continuous teacher education development and the possibilities of Australian experience adaptation taking into account our rich educational traditions.


Abstract Background Defining the gold standard for appropriate antibiotic prescribing is challenging due to the subjective nature of evaluating quality in prescribing. In 2017 the UK Government Scientific Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Prescribing, Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infection (APRHAI) used the Delphi process to define appropriate antibiotic prescribing, and developed an audit tool that supports patient-level assessment of antibiotic appropriateness in NHS hospitals. Objectives To quantify excess antibiotic use in a 750-bed acute hospital in the south-west of England (bottom 20th centile on PHE Fingertips for total antibiotic prescribing), and to determine where in the prescribing process the opportunity to safely reduce antibiotic use is: (A) initiation, (B) the pre-72 h review, or (C) course length optimization. Methods The EPMA system was used to identify patients discharged from medical specialties in August 2020 who had received at least one dose of antibiotic. Patients were grouped by discharging medical specialty, as follows: acute medicine, elder care, renal, endocrine, gastroenterology, respiratory and cardiology. Medical notes for 25% of discharges from each specialty were requested and audited against the APRHAI audit tool. A junior doctor completed the audit form for each patient with the case then discussed by two infection specialists until consensus was reached. Excess days of antibiotic therapy (DOTs) were calculated for each of the three timepoints (A–C). Results In total, 184 of 647 (28%) patients discharged from medical specialties were audited: 85 female, 99 male, median age 69 years (IQR 60–82), total DOTs 1658 of which 403 (24%) were excess. Excess DOTs by timepoint: A (initiation) 112 (28%), B (pre-72 h review) 184 (46%), C (course length) 107 (27%). Ninety-four of 187 (50%) of patients recorded zero excess DOTs. Conclusions We did not identify any excess DOTs in half of all patients initiated on antibiotics. However, in the other half we identified a significant proportion of excess DOTs with most excess DOTs at the pre-72 h review.


Amorphous thin films of Li.W03 are investigated to de,termine optical and electrical properties together with their photoelectrochemical behaviors. Optical spectra of the colorations in amorphous LixW03 films were consistent with EMT (Effective Medium Theory) on the assumption that spheres of Drude-like metallic tungsten bronzes (LiW03) and tungsten oxides(WO3) are randomly mixed. EMT also predicts the percolation threshold at x>xc where insulator-metal transition of dc-conductivity occurs at x>xc. These features give new insight on the nature of optical and electrical properties of amorphous tungsten bronzes. DC-conductivity of LixW03 was strongly dependent on the deposition conditions of the W03 films. Dense W03 film deposited under higher vacuum showed higher dc-conductivity and was less sensitive to UV light. Photoelectrochemical coloring of dense WO3 was lower than porous( and highly disordered) W03. This phenomena could be primarily ascribed to the high electron mobility so that it can be easy to recombine the photogenarated electrons and holes. Consequently it was proved that the electronic states in disordered amorphous WO3 structure played important roles on photoelectrochemistry of W03/electrolyte interface.


In order to expand the theoretical basis of the purposeful search of analeptics, the awakening and antihypoxic properties of heteroside-21, heteroside-31 (derivatives of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles) were studied and the mechanisms of their action were established. Sodium thiopental (42 mg/kg) was used to simulate suppression of the respiratory and vascular centers of the brain. The comparison drugs were – sulfocamphocaine (SCC) with combined analeptic action (20 mg/kg) and the antihypoxic drug piracetam (300 mg/kg). The results were obtained on the models of thiopental anesthesia and normobaric hypoxia with hypercapnia. The analysis of data allowed to count qualitatively and quantitatively the arousing and antihypoxic activity of new substances and classical drugs; their effect on the respiratory center of the brain and behavioral responses of animals; theoretically substantiate, experimentally confirm and establish aerobic, anaerobic and detoxification mechanisms of realization of effects in various conditions; to formulate the theoretical bases of purposeful search of universal analeptics and antihypoxic drugs and offer an instrumental-methodological complex for their experimental reproduction.


11.1.1 CHAINS Corpus CHAracterizing Individual Speakers (CHAINS) was used to determine the accuracy of identifying an individual by an assortment of methods. The CHAINS project is used to identify key features in voices unique to individuals, which are possibly shared between speakers who adopt each other's style of speaking. The datasets included 36 speakers (18 males and 18 females) from East Ireland, from those who speak Eastern HibernoEnglish, from the United Kingdom, and the United States. All subjects are recorded under several speaking conditions. This allows speaker comparison across a variety of well-defined speech styles (http://chains.ucd.ie/ ftpaccess.php).


The information technique is a blades sword,making the speed,scope and quantitieses that educate information and the study resourceses' delivers take place in quality,on the other hand making the copyright of the original resources and the legal rights of the creators are suffering the unprecedented impact.This text realized to investigate the concerning the copyright problem within the resources creations with technique means both side from the law.To process from the resources creates involve consciousness of the copyright,infringe upon,protect,and how handle the path and methods of the infringement behavior to take into the sorting and discuss,hope it can be the hint of first step and guide.In order to solve the problem of copyright,we should pay attention to our consciousness of legal;be care of not to infringe upon others right;grasp information technique,set up resource protection.When creater find his work infringed,he should talk over the infringer or ask for law as soon as possible.


Extreme precipitation events over the Antarctic coastal and escarpment zones strongly influences regional accumulation patterns and thereby the Antarctic icesheet mass balance. Recent intense precipitation events in Dronning Maud Land (leading to anomalous regional snow accumulation) were preceded by episodes of strong poleward moisture transport organised in narrow, elongated bands. These so-called atmospheric rivers, linking moisture uptake in tropical regions and the deposition at high-latitudes are often a pre-requisite for intense precipitation events over the ice sheet.


I have chosen to address this question by writing a story, 'The Mission', that, I hope, will serve as a prompt for the reader to join in dialogue with others interested in the need for culture-sensitive science education. The writing of stories based in science education research is becoming recognised as a powerful way of stimulating critical discourse (Taylor, in press; Taylor & Geelan, 1998). Although The Mission combines fact and fiction, it is based on recent interpretive research on the teaching of science in Kantri, a South Pacific country (Giddings & Waldrip, 1993; Waldrip & Taylor, in press a, b), and on a call for a critical science education (Taylor & Cobern, 1998). There are two epistemic warrants for the story. For the character of Lapun, I have drawn on interviews of village elders to give the story authenticity and plausibility (verisimilitude; Adler & Adler, 1994). And to engage the reader in critical reflective thinking I have raised many questions and proposed no answers (pedagogical thoughtfulness; van Manen, 1990). Although I must admit to having fashioned some pointed clues...


Objectives The present mini review aimed to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the beneficial and adverse effects of raloxifene in menopausal women. Methods This study is a review of relevant publications about the effects of raloxifene on sleep disorder, depression, venous thromboembolism, the plasma concentration of lipoprotein, breast cancer, and cognitive function among menopausal women. Results Raloxifene showed no significant effect on depression and sleep disorder. Verbal memory improved with administration of 60 mg/day of raloxifene while a mild cognitive impairment risk reduction by 33% was observed with administration of 120 mg/day of raloxifene. Raloxifene was associated with a 50% decrease in the need for prolapse surgery. The result of a meta-analysis showed a significant decline in the plasma concentration of lipoprotein in the raloxifene group compared to placebo (standardized mean difference, −0.43; 10 trials). A network meta-analysis showed that raloxifene significantly decreased the risk of breast cancer (relative risk, 0.572; 95% confidence interval, 0.327–0.881; P = 0.01). In terms of adverse effects of raloxifene, the odds ratio (OR) was observed to be 1.54 (P = 0.006), indicating 54% increase in the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) while the OR for pulmonary embolism (PE) was 1.05, suggesting a 91% increase in the risk of PE alone (P = 0.03). Conclusions Raloxifene had no significant effect on depression and sleep disorder but decreased the concentration of lipoprotein. Raloxifene administration was associated with an increased risk of DVT and PE and a decreased risk of breast cancer and pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women.


Background: in our country, studies on the prevalence of dyspepsia performed using the Rome IV criteria are rare, which makes it difficult to objectively compare Russian and international data, including ethnic characteristics. Aim: to study the prevalence and risk factors of uninvestigated dyspepsia in indigenous and foreign residents in rural areas of the Republic of Khakassia. Patients and Methods: continuous epidemiological screening (coverage 93.4%) of dyspepsia was performed in the villages Matur, Anchul, Verchnii Kurlugash, Nizhnie Siry, Bolshoy Bor, Bolshaya Seya, Verkhnyaya Seya, Inchul, Verkhnii Tashtyp of the Tashtyp district. A total of 2,080 newly-arrived residents (Caucasians, 911 males, average age 43.6 years) and 2,117 indigenous residents (Khakas, 978 males, average age 42.9 years) were surveyed. Dyspepsia was studied in accordance with the recommendations of the Rome IV criteria. Epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome were distinguished. Due to the fact that endoscopic examination of patients was not used, dyspepsia was considered as uninvestigated dyspepsia. The presence of Helicobacter pylori was determined serologically in 566 Caucasians and 533 Khakas. The results of clinical examination and interview (social status, complaints, medical history) were recorded in the standard questionnaires. Results: uninvestigated dyspepsia was diagnosed in 24.6% of Caucasians and 19.2% of Khakas (p<0.001). Gender did not affect the prevalence of dyspepsia in Khakas. Among Caucasians, there was a tendency to more common detection of dyspepsia in women. The pain variant of dyspepsia prevailed in men in both populations. The incidence of postprandial distress syndrome among Caucasians was significantly higher in women. Other risk factors for dyspepsia in both populations were the following: age older than 50, Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day for more than 10 years, history of gallbladder pathology, acute viral hepatitis and helminthiasis. Conclusion: the data obtained allow to consider the influence of ethnicity on the prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia, including depending on gender identity. KEYWORDS: uninvestigated dyspepsia, ethnic characteristics, Helicobacter pylori, prevalence, risk factors. FOR CITATION: Tsukanov V.V., Vasyutin A.V., Tonkikh Yu.L. Prevalence, risk factors, and ethnic characteristics of uninvestigated dyspepsia. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(5):264–267. DOI: 10.32364/2587–6821–2020–4-5-263-267.


The physiological effect of GABAA autoreceptors in the cerebellum. In this Diplomarbeit, I measured the reversal potential of GABAA receptors (-56 mV) in the interneurons of the rat cerebellum, using gramicidin perforated patch, . I then determined that the GABAA autoreceptors can be excitatory. Last, I proved that a tonic activation of the GABAA receptors increases the intracellular calcium concentration. To obtain this last result, I performed cell-attached experiments. I used the opening probablity of the BK channels as a probe of the intracellular calcium concentration,.


This review gives an overview of some free and commercial software which used in road design such as AASHTOW Software, PAVERS Software, CIRCLY Software, PAKPAVE software, IITPAVE Software, KENPAVE software, PaveXpress software Win PAS 12 software, Street Pave, MXROAD Suite, and Infra works software. Using a software system in design will solves the problems of design and analyzing on-road and also eliminate road failure.


In the real-world production planning problems there are many constraints that need to be considered. Usually, these constraints and interdependent and the optimization algorithms has to efficiently solve that. This paper presents the hybrid parameter-less evolutionary algorithm used for construction of an optimal production plan. The algorithm is based on genetic algorithm, but is modified to work without the parameter setting. All algorithm control parameters are automatically determined during the optimization. The algorithm was able to solve the constraints and to make an optimal production plan. Additionally, we evaluated the influence of different ratios of orders with fixed deadlines on the performance of the algorithm. The used algorithm can successfully solve also these additional constraints.


C20 normal concrete was prepared, after 28 days crush processing was carried out in the laboratory and recycled coarse aggregate and recyled fine aggregate were obtained concrete was placed instead of a normal macadam and sand, using the recycled aggregate 100%, an analysis of the durable performace-repetition freging-thawing-resistance performance of recyeled concrete.The water cement ratio of the concrete for durability test are 0.45 and 0.65. However, the index used as the standard of freezing-thawing-resistance nature was satisfied.


A new approach to the physical description and quantification of bend loss in arbitrarily bent single-mode fibres is based on the coupling of the fundamental mode to cladding modes due solely to curvature change along the fibre. It is shown that there is an optimum bend design criterion that can reduce bend loss to almost arbitrarily low levels regardless of curvature provided only that the fibre coating index value is sufficiently smaller than that of the cladding index. This criterion has an analogy with the corresponding criterion for the design of approximately adiabatic single-mode depressed-cladding and W-fibres tapers.


An oscillation discharge mode for High Temperature Superconducting Pulsed Power Transformer(HTSPPT) is proposed in this paper.In this model,the primary winding of HTSPPT is composed of a 1/2 cycle oscillation circuit with a capacitor in parallel.This circuit increases the current change of primary when the discharge is needed,which makes the secondary winding induce the output current pulse greater.During the discharge,the over-voltage across the opening switch is mitigated by using the capacitor as energy conversion device to implement the zero-voltage switching off of the switch.The working principle of this current pulsed power supply is theoretically analyzed,and a small-scale experimental system is built with a small HTSPPT.In the experiment,an output current of 3.78kA is achieved with an excitation current of only 100A in the primary.This verifies the feasibility of the oscillation discharge mode successfully.


Leadership capability development through the application of knowledge management concepts as human capital in an organization is required to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. This article was aimed at analyzing whether or not knowledge management can be a theoretical framework in developing leadership capability as a human capital in an organization. This research was conducted in literature study approach. it was done by systematically investigating the basic theory and contemporary result findings. The results of the analysis indicated that, although the organization has a focus on enhancing human capital capability, leaders have the potential to influence perceptions of the human capital benefits of its employees. Employees have the greatest potential to gain these benefits through their inclusion in the process of applying knowledge management, developing organizational culture and encouraging communication among employees. The implications of this analysis are that human resource managers should intensively carry out training for managers to develop their leadership behaviors, as these behaviors will contribute to improving human capital whereby an organization can achieve competitive advantage. The analysis contributes to the development of leadership literature to enrich the concept of leadership behavior as a variable that can increase human capital in an organization.


Here, we provide additional methodological details regarding the module preservation statistics. In the first section, we describe standard cross-tabulation based module preservation statistics. Specifically, we present three basic crosstabulation based statistics for determining whether modules in a reference data set are preserved in a test data set. These statistics do not assume that a test network is available. Instead, module assignments in both the reference and the test networks are needed. In the second section, we briefly review a hierarchical clustering procedure for module detection. Many methods exist for defining network modules. In this section, we describe the method used in our applications but it is worth repeating that our preservation statistics apply to most alternative module detection procedures. In the third section, we review the definition of signed and unsigned correlation networks. Correlation networks are a special case of general undirected networks in which the adjacency is constructed on the basis of correlations between quantitative variables. In the fourth section, we present module quality statistics that we are implemented in the modulePreservation R function. While our main article focuses on statistics that measure preservation of modules between a reference and a test network, we briefly discuss the application of some of the preservation statistics to the related but distinct task of measuring module quality in a single (reference) network. More precisely, the density and separability statistics can be applied to the reference network without a reference to a test network. The results can then be interpreted as measuring module quality, that is how closely interconnected the nodes of a module are or how well a module is separated from other modules in the network. In the fifth section, we review the notation for the singular value decomposition and for defining a module eigennnode. The section describes conditions when the eigenvector E is an optimal way of representing a correlation module. It also reviews the definition of propVarExpl (the proportion of the variance explained by the eigennode). We derive a relationship between propVarExpl and the module membership measures kME , which will be useful for deriving relationships between preservation statistics. In the sixth section, we investigate relationships between preservation statistics in correlation networks. An advantage of an (unsigned) weighted correlation network is that it allows one to derive simple relationships between network concepts [1, 2]. We characterize correlation modules where simple relationships exist between i) density-based preservation statistics, ii) connectivity based preservation statistics, and iii) separability based preservation statistics. Apart from studying relationships among preservation statistics in correlation networks, we also briefly describe relationships between preservation statistics in general networks. In the seventh section we briefly review the In-Group Proportion method [3].


Religious moderation in the smallest circle of Christian society (family) is an interesting phenomenon today. Since ancient times, the religious attitude of families, including Christian families in the small Ambon area, has been used as a prototype for religious life. The purpose of this research is that religious moderation can be preserved by Christian families if life in harmonious and harmonious differences experiences significant growth. But in reality religious moderation in a small family environment is experiencing a crisis. This is because the understanding of Christian families about religious moderation is still limited to knowing the existence of religious differences. What really is Moderation of Religion is not limited to that. Religious moderation requires resilience and the ability to share differences, to have an attitude of tolerance for other parties, even though they have different religions in accordance with true religious teachings, including the Teachings of Christian Religious Education. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data collection is done by observation technique. Data analysis was carried out interactively and took place continuously until completion. The results showed that religious moderation in the family from the perspective of Christian Religious Education (1) Instilling an attitude of balance between loving God and others (2) Having an attitude of tolerance and respecting differences, (3) Building awareness to feel differences.


Applications in scientific computing perform input and output of large amounts of data of complex structure. Since it is difficult to interpret these data in textual form, a graphical user interfac ...


When deciding upon the usage of direct deliveries as opposed to central inventories, efficiency and strategic effects need to be considered. Operations management literature on efficiency effects is not hard to find but literature describing what other factors can affect the decision is more scarce. Even less literature can be found on the theme of deciding between direct or indirect physical flows in a fourth party logistics environment. This presents the opportunity to fill the fourth party logistics research gap in literature by conducting a study that investigates the factors affecting the decision on what type of flow to use and how these factors can support in guiding the decision. A company facing the problem of deciding between sending goods directly or through a central distribution center is Bring SCM AB. They are a fourth party logistics provider based outside of Helsingborg, southern Sweden focusing on food logistics. They provide logistics solutions to their customers by managing parts of, or their entire supply chains. This is done without them having their own physical assets such as trucks or warehouses. The study has been conducted with a balanced approach; combining deductive and inductive approaches to research. It is a single case study where the methods of gathering data consist of four structured interviews, three semi-structured interviews and a survey; all conducted at different levels of the case company Bring SCM AB. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, going through peer reviewed research from scholarly and research journals to gather knowledge on concepts of supply chain design and how it can be derived through segmentation. The need to use hybrid supply chains where agile and lean thinking is combined and adapted to every situation was identified. Adaption should be based on supply chain factor segmentation considering product factors, market factors, sourcing factors and the geographic and commercial environment. This resulted in a theoretic framework with factors affecting the decision between direct and indirect flows, lean and agile flows, and a holistic cost model to verify the choice. The theoretic framework with its factors were further investigated in a fourth party logistics environment by researching Bring's supply chain needs and driving forces. Data and information gathering together with analysis resulted in that some factors could be excluded due to them not being relevant in the fourth party logistics environment and a final set of factors deemed relevant for the decision between direct and indirect flows in said environment could be identified. To further increase the applicability of the results, a decision model was created to support operational personnel in deciding between direct and indirect flows. The model highlights the importance of considering a higher number of factors when making the decision than what is considered today. It does not present a definite answer to what type of flow to use, but an indication that must be verified through a cost calculation. A holistic cost framework for calculating costs of the two types of flows in a fourth party logistics environment was included. The study's results are somewhat specific to Bring SCM AB, however the author have made an effort to make them as generalizable as possible for fourth party logistics environments. Further research is needed to validate the generalizability and to statistically support the model. (Less)


Introduction:Vitamin D deficiency is common in dialysis patients, whereas vitamin K status is less investigated despite its important implications for bone metabolism (bone Gla protein is vitamin K-dependent) and for vascular calcifications (matrix Gla protein is vitamin K-dependent).Materials and methods:The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D and K deficiency and the presence of vertebral fractures and vascular calcifications in haemodialysis patients (compared with a healthy control group). Subjects: 68 patients, 49 males and 19 females, mean age 66.62 years (? SD 11.3), undergoing thrice-weekly haemodialysis; mean dialytic age: 68.14?56.14 months.The presence of vertebral fractures was assessed by means of vertebral morphometry (D5?L4) using a quantitative, computerised method (MorphoXpress).The presence of vascular calcifications was assessed by means of vertebral spinal X-ray in L-L.We measured biohumoural bone-vascular mineral metabolism parameters: total BGP and decarboxylated BGP (ucBGP), total MGP and decarboxylated MGP (ucMGP).The presence of vertebral fractures was taken to correspond to a >20% reduction in the height of the vertebral body; a reduction of between 15 and 20% was considered borderline (B).Results:In the patients, versus controls, there emerged: deficit of 25(OH)D (98%, 60% carenti-38% insufficienti); vitamin K1 deficiency 32.08%; increased total BGP and ucBGP, increase in total MGP and reduction of ucMGP.The prevalence of vertebral fractures was 57.35%+B: 27.94%. Vertebral fractures were associated with: anagraphical age (p=0.028), P (p=0.0445) and total BGP (p=0.0420).The prevalence of vascular calcifications was 84%. Vascular calcifications were associated with: anagraphical age (p=0.0205), Ca (p=0.0192) and ucMGP (0.0453).Conclusions:Marked vitamin D and K deficiency was associated with a high prevalence of vertebral fractures and vascular calcifications in haemodialysis patients with biohumoural bone mineral metabolism parameters within the KDOQI targets. Vitamin K is an important new biomarker of the bone-vascular axis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.


Experimental and numerical studies have shown that, with sufficient nonlinearity, the theoretical capillary-wave power-law spectrum derived from the kinetic equation (KE) of weak turbulence theory can be realized. This is despite the fact that the KE is derived assuming an infinite domain with continuous wavenumber, while experiments and numerical simulations are conducted in realistic finite domains with discrete wavenumbers for which the KE theoretically allows no energy transfer. To understand this, we first analyse results from direct simulations of the primitive Euler equations to elucidate the role of nonlinear resonance broadening (NRB) in discrete turbulence. We define a quantitative measure of the NRB, explaining its dependence on the nonlinearity level and its effect on the properties of the obtained stationary power-law spectra. This inspires us to develop a new quasi-resonant kinetic equation (QKE) for discrete turbulence, which incorporates the mechanism of NRB, governed by a single parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ expressing the ratio of NRB and wavenumber discreteness. At $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{0}\approx 0.02$ , the QKE recovers simultaneously the spectral slope $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{0}=-17/4$ and the Kolmogorov constant $C_{0}=6.97$ (corrected from the original derivation) of the theoretical continuous spectrum, which physically represents the upper bound of energy cascade capacity for the discrete turbulence. For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{0}$ , the obtained spectra represent those corresponding to a finite domain with insufficient nonlinearity, resulting in a steeper spectral slope $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{0}$ and reduced capacity of energy cascade $C>C_{0}$ . The physical insights from the QKE are corroborated by direct simulation results of the Euler equations.


An experiment was made with some girl students in university who are about to graduate and they were required to do exercise of yoga for 18 weeks.Their psychological health and social adaptability were measured with SCL-90 and Questionnaire of social adaptability and compared with that before the experiment.It was showed that the regular practice of yoga has positive impact on university girls and can improve the level of social adaptability and mental health.


The soybean cyst nematode(SCN, Heterodera glycines) is one of the most important pests in soybean production. Due to high economic and environmental costs associated with chemical control of nematode, endophytic rhizobacteria have been used successfully for the biological control of SCN. This paper measured mortality, egg hatching, oxygen consumption and permeability of body fluids of SCN second-stage juvenile which was treated by fermentation liquor of Sneb183(Sinorhizobium fredii). When treated to nematode juvenile, Sneb183 resulted in 86.7% of nematode juvenile at 72 h post-treatment. Sneb183 inhibited nematode hatching by 59.4%. At 24 h after treatment, the oxygen consumption rate was decreased by 93.1%, while at 48 h after treatment, the conductivity was increased by 62.4%. The study suggested that Sneb183 could be a new agent for biological control of soybean cyst nematode.