Aims To determine which resin-based composite (RBC) and dentine-bonding agent (DBA) systems were most widely used by a random convenience sample of dentists in the East of Scotland, by whom they were used, and what influenced the dentists' choice when buying/using a particular RBC and DBA. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from June to December 2006. A questionnaire was compiled and, following a short pilot and revision, 250 questionnaires were randomly distributed to dentists attending vocational training/general professional training study days, continuing education courses and various dental meetings. Data from the completed questionnaires were collated and analysed. Results A total of 138 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 55%, of which 101 (73%) were from practitioners working within the General Dental Services, 20 (14%) from Community Dental Service dentists, and 17 (12%) from practitioners in the hospital dental service. The most popular RBC reported by respondents 43 (31%) was Z100™ (3M UK, Bracknell, UK). The most common factors that influenced respondents' choice when buying an RBC were ease of use and availability, reported by 51 (37%) and 45 (33%) respondents, respectively. Prime & Bond® (DENTSPLY DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was reported as the most popular DBA by 58 (42%) respondents. Overall, availability, reported by 61 (44%) respondents, was the most popular reason for choice of a DBA, followed by ease of use, reported by 52 (38%) respondents, and reliability, reported by 23 (17%) respondents. Conclusions The most popular RBCs and DBAs used by respondents to this study and common reasons for their use were identified. However, it was found that, among those who responded, there was no discernible relationship between undergraduate training, year of qualification and choice of material. Further research is required to corroborate these findings and to identify the level of understanding of material science by dental clinicians.


This article explores the development of a science curriculum for high end learners and learning, based on the Integrated Curriculum Model, that emphasizes concept attainment and research investigation skills for students at the primary level of schooling. Findings from an intervention study suggest that primary age students in low income schools increase content and scientific process skills as a result of the curriculum innovation. Issues of fidelity of implementation and concerns about conducting research in schools are also explored.


Preliminary Results of Autotuning GEMM Kernels for the NVIDIA Kepler Architecture – GeForce GTX 680 – LAPACK Working Note 267 Jakub Kurzak 1 Piotr Luszczek 1 Stanimire Tomov 1 Jack Dongarra 1,2,3 1 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory 3 School of Mathematics & School of Computer Science, University of Manchester 2 Computer Abstract Kepler is the newest GPU architecture from NVIDIA, and the GTX 680 is the first commercially available graphics card based on that architecture. Matrix multi- plication is a canonical computational kernel, and often the main target of initial optimization efforts for a new chip. This article presents preliminary results of au- tomatically tuning matrix multiplication kernels for the Kepler architecture using the GTX 680 card. Introduction Accelerators are gradually making their way into the world of High Performance Computing (HPC). Before graphics cards entered the arena, the IBM Cell processor made a brief appearance in HPC (from 2006 to 2009), culminating in the deploy- ment of the Roadrunner supercomputer at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which secured the first place on the TOP500 list in June 2008, as the first machine to cross the performance of one PetaFLOPS. However, development of the Cell ar- chitecture was canceled by IBM in November 2009 and, in the meantime, graphics cards have been gradually turning towards general programmability and steadily gaining ground in HPC. The introduction of the Compute Unified Device Architec- ture (CUDA) by NVIDIA in November 2006 was a significant milestone towards adoption of GPUs for general purpose computing. Another one was the introduc- tion of the GF100 (Fermi) architecture in April 2010, with an array of essential numerical computing features. These developments culminated in the deployment of the Tianhe-1A supercomputer at the National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin,


HEALTH SECRETARY Frank Dobson has persuaded Chancellor Gordon Brown to give nurses an inflation busting pay rise, writes Bill Doult.Nursing Standard has learnt that both ministers have agreed on the need for increases to be skewed towards those on the bottom scales. And they are also united in believing there can be no phasing in of the next settlement.


Chromosome segregation requires the separation of sister chromatids and the sustained condensation of chromatids during anaphase. Yeast cohesin has a dual function on metaphase chromosomes, holding sister chromatids together and organising individual chromatids into loops. Cleavage by separase is thought to remove all cohesin from chromosomes at the anaphase onset. This fulfils the requirement for chromatid separation, but it is unclear how the structure of segregating chromatids is maintained following cleavage. Here we demonstrate that auxin-mediated degradation of cohesin's kleisin in anaphase, causes catastrophic chromosome mis-segregation demonstrating that cohesin affects post-metaphase processes. We identify a pool of cohesin bound to anaphase/telophase chromosomes and demonstrate that its inactivation causes defects in the organisation of centromeric regions and condensin function. Our data thus uncovers an unsuspected role for cohesin on anaphase/telophase chromosomes that is essential for the fidelity of segregation.Cohesin complexes on segregating chromosomes provide centromere structure and regulate condensin activity, demonstrating that cohesin has active roles after metaphase.


In this paper we study the relationship between the degree sequence of a graph and its matching number. First, we prove that whether a degree sequence can be extended with a new degree δ is equivalent to the existence of a realization of the original degree sequence with a matching of size δ/ 2 that covers the largest δ degrees. Second, we estimate the minimum size of both the maximal and the maximum matching, as determined by the degree sequence, for any realization. Furthermore, we also estimate the maximum value of the matching number over all possible realizations for the degree sequence. Along this line we answer a question raised by Biedl, Demaine et al. ( DOI:10.1016/j.disc.2004.05.003 ). These results are all closely connected to the recently introduced family of Degree Preserving Growth graph-dynamics ( DOI:10.1038/s41567-021-01417-7 ).


Summary Background To assess inter-observer agreement of whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) in staging and response assessment in lymphoma according to the Lugano classification. Material/Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted of 115 consecutive patients with lymphomas (45 females, 70 males; mean age of 46 years). Patients underwent WBCT with a 64 multi-detector CT device for staging and response assessment after a complete course of chemotherapy. Image analysis was performed by 2 reviewers according to the Lugano classification for staging and response assessment. Results The overall inter-observer agreement of WBCT in staging of lymphoma was excellent (k=0.90, percent agreement=94.9%). There was an excellent inter-observer agreement for stage I (k=0.93, percent agreement=96.4%), stage II (k=0.90, percent agreement=94.8%), stage III (k=0.89, percent agreement=94.6%) and stage IV (k=0.88, percent agreement=94%). The overall inter-observer agreement in response assessment after a completer course of treatment was excellent (k=0.91, percent agreement=95.8%). There was an excellent inter-observer agreement in progressive disease (k=0.94, percent agreement=97.1%), stable disease (k=0.90, percent agreement=95%), partial response (k=0.96, percent agreement=98.1%) and complete response (k=0.87, Percent agreement=93.3%). Conclusions We concluded that WBCT is a reliable and reproducible imaging modality for staging and treatment assessment in lymphoma according to the Lugano classification.


The effort of collecting electricity utility meter reading. Internet of Things (IoT) present an efficient and coeffective to transfer the information of energy consumer wirelessly as well as it provides to detect the usage of the electricity the main intention of this project is measure electricity consumption in home appliances and generate it's bill automatically using IoT. The energy grid needs to be implemented in a distributed topology that can dynamically absorb different energy sources. IoT can be utilized for various applications of the smart grid with distributed energy plant meter, energy generation and energy consumption meter smart meter, energy demand side management and various area of energy production. Keywords— Smart Grid, Energy Meter, Internet of Things.


The Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake occurred off the coast of central Chile on 2010 February 27, and was followed by thousands of aftershocks. In this study, we modeled 172 aftershocks recorded by more than 100 temporary broadband stations deployed between March 2010 and January 2011. Each of these earthquakes is characterized by a well-determined hypocentral location and well-constrained focal mechanism and moment magnitudes in the range M 3.7 to 6.2. Most of these earthquakes are characterized by shallow, eastward-dipping, thrust-type focal mechanisms consistent with faulting at or near the plate interface, where the Nazca plate is subducting beneath the South America plate at approximately 74 mm/yr. This study provides a unique opportunity to quantify high-frequency earthquake ground motion in a subduction zone due to the quality and quantity of observations in the frequency and distance range of 0.2-30 Hz and 40-500 km, respectively. The analysis was done using a two-step modeling procedure. A regression is performed to characterize source duration and excitation, source-receiver distance dependence, and station site effects. A point source forward model is then constructed in terms of geometrical spreading, duration, site effects and source scaling to match the regression results. This procedure provides the necessary point source parameters for stochastic finite-fault modeling of peak ground motions for future earthquakes in this subduction zone.


In recent years,the state has increased his financial budget for local universities/colleges,but the shortage of funds is still an obvious problem for almost all local universities/colleges.Starting from the research significance on the budget refined management,a series of methods to implement refined management on budget management has been put forward to improve the efficiency to use granted funds from its administrative origin,by analyzing the current situation and the problems of the budget management in local universities/colleges,thus actually using the fund on "the blade".


Nowadays it is emphasized the importance of improving insulation property of different insulation materials. Next to this several investigations proved that using wood as building material results less CO2 emission, needs less energy consumption, reusable and thus it is more environment friendly than other building materials. In the present research investigated the heat insulation capacity of different chipped coniferous and broadleaves wood barks. Five bark species was measured such as black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), pannónia poplar (Populus euramericana cv. Pannónia), larch (Larix decidua), spruce (Picea abies) and scots pine (Pinus silvestris). The measurements were done in wet condition and in also 12% water content for comparability. According to the results some of wood barks have the possible consumption as heat insulation material, were proved by the investigation. The CO2 balance of wood bark is excellent facing other generally used insulation materials. The bark is mainly "byproduct" of wood industry and the bark insulation can be reuse on the end of life cycle.


COVID-19 can be seen as feedback for anthropocentric social, economic and environmental decision-making that disrespects other living systems. The paper makes a case that respects for multiple species, and the onus of beneficence should be applied to all living systems of which we are a strand. Human beings are not exceptional insofar as they are able to communicate, make decisions, demonstrate a sense of community and show empathy or to make political calculations. What does this mean for the way we live our lives? Respect for persons needs to include animals, plants and the earth. It is time to rethink rights and responsibilities to protect habitat. Goodall stresses that the loss of habitat leads to species that have never been in contact before (and thus without any resistance) causing cross species infections. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


BILATERAL abductor paralysis of the vocal cords is not encountered frequently and when associated with multiple rib fractures presents an interesting and unusual emergency. On Aug. 11, 1950, N. V., a white woman aged 51, entered Scott and White Hospital in a semiconscious state with severe dyspnea, laryngeal stridor, and indrawing of the sternum. The husband revealed that the patient had had a thyroidectomy elsewhere in 1938 and was rather hoarse for three months following surgery. Since that time she had had dyspnea on exertion, and for the past two months the dyspnea had been unusually severe. On examination paradoxical respiration was noted. Roentgenograms of the chest revealed a fracture of the left third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth ribs in the posterior axillary line. Both vocal cords were fixed in the midline and approximated so as to obstruct seriously the air passage. An immediate tracheotomy was performed. When


Various system data were collected and analysed on the measurement of the central aircondition system. A comparison between the measured data and the design requirements is made. Suggestions are offered to solve the above problem by the installment of additional refrigeration cabinet and the adjustment of operation method. The conformity to the original design requirements is achieved through the adjustment and reinstallment of the central aircondition system.


From a sample of 2722(cid:6) 78 (cid:3) + c decaying to the pK (cid:0) (cid:25) + (cid:12)nal state, we have observed, in the hadroproduction experiment E791 at Fermilab, 143(cid:6)20 (cid:6) 0 c and 122(cid:6)18 (cid:6) ++ c through their decays to (cid:3) + c (cid:25) (cid:6) . The mass di(cid:11)erence M((cid:6) 0 c )(cid:0)M((cid:3) + c ) is measured to be (167:38(cid:6)0:29(cid:6)0:15)MeV; for M((cid:6) ++ c ) (cid:0) M((cid:3) + c ), we (cid:12)nd (167:76 (cid:6) 0:29 (cid:6) 0:15)MeV. The rate of (cid:3) + c production from decays of the (cid:6)c triplet is (22 (cid:6) 2 (cid:6) 3)% of the total (cid:3) + c production assuming equal rate of production from all three, as measured for (cid:6) 0 c and (cid:6) ++ c . We do not observe a statistically signi(cid:12)cant (cid:6)c baryon-antibaryon production asymmetry. The xF and p 2 t spectra of (cid:3) + c from (cid:6)c decays are observed to be similar to those for all (cid:3) + c 's produced.


This opinion column identifies and reflects on the defining moments in Japan's sprint toward acquiring herd immunity by the end of 2021. As of this writing, COVID-19 conversations across the globe are becoming less and less concerning, as wealthy nations ramp up testing and triple-vaccinate their citizens, as COVID-19-related infection and hospitalization rates fall significantly, or, as is the case of the less developed countries of the Global South, concerted efforts are being made to have a sizable number of residents tested for COVID-19 and inoculated with their first shot. In developed economies, the pendulum of healthcare uneasiness is pivoting toward a simple issue—endemicity—as governments ease or phase out COVID-19 restrictions, as the disease is increasingly being viewed through the lens of, say, the seasonal flu, and as agitation against COVID-19 mandates leads to protests in countries such as the Netherlands, France and Canada. The world will get by, the argument goes, by coexisting with COVID-19 as it does with a host of other diseases, including the seasonal influenza, dengue, and malaria. But applying such a view now to the pandemic may be inadvisable, as Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director general of the World Health Organization, asserts:


In this paper, a benchmark called WPBench is reported to evaluate the responsiveness of Web browsers for modern Web 2.0 applications. In WPBench, variations of servers and networks are removed and the benchmark result is the closest to what Web users would perceive. To achieve these, WPBench records users' interactions with typical Web 2.0 applications, and then replays Web navigations when benchmarking browsers. The replay mechanism can emulate the actual user interactions and the characteristics of the servers and the networks in a consistent way independent of browsers so that any browser compliant to the standards can be benchmarked fairly. In addition to describing the design and generation of WPBench, we also report the WPBench comparison results on the responsiveness performance for three popular Web browsers: Internet Explorer, Firefox and Chrome.


Thyroid nodules are frequently found in clinical practice but their incidence varies according to the methods of diagnosis, 4-7% by palpation and 17-67% by high resolution ultrasound. Although the malignancy rates among usual thyroid nodules is relatively low, precise diagnosis is quite important as the incidence rate among thyroid nodules is progressively increasing because of early detection of nonpalpable nodule using high resolution ultrasound.


Slit diaphragm device, in particular for an imaging device, wherein the slit diaphragm device comprises a diaphragm (10) and is adapted from a radiation source (52) emanating, in particular high-energy radiation (54) to limit and along an optical axis x according to the pinhole camera principle on an imaging area to judge (18) wherein the diaphragm (10) comprises a first absorbent member (60) having a first non-planar outer surface (62) whose surface contour, at least in part, by a function of the form z (x, y) = f (y) · x + n (y) can be described, and wherein the diaphragm (10) comprises a second absorbent member, having a second non-planar outer surface, the surface contour is formed at least partially complementary to the non-planar outer surface (62) of the first absorbent member (60), wherein the two absorption elements are so positioned or positionable such that a gap between the two non-planar outer surfaces (40) is present, characterized, in that the aperture (10) is mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation (12) connected to the z-axis ...


Tissue resident macrophages are found at birth in the islets of Langerhans of all strains of mice examined. To examine the macrophage's role in islet homeostasis and diabetogenesis, we depleted the cells using a monoclonal antibody against the CSF-1 receptor. Depletion of islet macrophages in the C57BL/6 mouse strain for 2–6 weeks did not affect multiple parameters of homeostasis including glucose tolerance, insulin content, or whole islet transcriptome. In contrast, depletion of the islet macrophages in 3 week old diabetes-prone NOD mice led to multiple changes in the progression of disease. First, there was a reduction in CD4 T cells and dendritic cells that infiltrate islets at 4–6 weeks of age. Second, there was a reduction in the presentation of insulin-derived peptides to T cells by dispersed islet cells. Third, the development of autoimmune diabetes was significantly reduced. The protection from diabetes induced by anti-CSF-1 receptor antibody was effective even when treatment was started at 10 weeks of age, a time where NOD mice have significant infiltration in their islets. Despite the protection from diabetes, mice treated with anti-CSF-1 receptor antibody at both 3 and 10 weeks of age harbored extensive leukocytic infiltration into islets when examined at 20–40 weeks of age. Treatment with an anti-PD-1 antibody led to immediate diabetes progression in all of the long-term protected NOD mice. These results show that depletion of islet-resident macrophages limited the islet leukocytic infiltration in the early phase of diabetogenesis and also permitted the establishment of a long-lived protective regulatory milieu late in the disease.


Abstract In order to find novel bioactive compounds with significant antifungal activities, a series of novel 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles containing an indole ring via CuCl2/Zn-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition were designed, synthesized, and characterized. Antifungal activity against colletotrichum capsici and cotton physalospora pathogens of all the prepared compounds was evaluated, and the test results indicated that these compounds, especially 4g and 4h, showed significant inhibitory effects for fungi. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by IR, NMR, and high-resolution mass spectra experiments. The preliminary structure activity relationship is also discussed in this paper.


Human behavior can be viewed as the integration of the outputs of Systems 1, i.e., unconscious automatic processes, and System 2, i.e., conscious deliberate processes. System 1 activates a sequence of automatic actions. System 2 monitors System 1's performance according to the plan it has created, and it activates future possible courses of actions as well. At the same time when these forward processes are working, System 1 and System 2 deal with the outcome of the forward processes by estimating the results of System 1's and System 2's performance, i.e., good or bad, and generating emotions depending on the degree of goodness or badness of the estimation. Emotions are generated through the dynamics of the parallel processing of System 1 and System 2, which is called O-PDP, Organic Parallel Distributed Processing. This paper discusses how emotion generation process is integrated with the Kahneman's System 1 and System 2 model of human decision-making. Keywords–Two Minds; Organic-PDP; Two Minds; Consciousness; Unconsciousness; Emotion.


Aim To investigate the effects of Doxazosin on the proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultivated in vitro. Methods Various concentrations of Doxazosin were added to the cultured rat VSMCs. 3 H TdR incorporation were used to detect proliferation of VSMCs. Results Doxazosin inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs. The proliferation of NIH3T3 cells,which do not express α 1 receptors, also were inhibited. Pretreatment of cells with phenoxybenzamine, an irreversible α 1 receptor antagonist, did not chang the effect of Doxazosin. Conclusions These results suggest that doxazosin inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs through a mechanism unrelated to α 1 receptor.


Nowadays using outsourcing and models of sourcing's maneuver, becomes as one of the most leading tools for optimizing domestic engineering production. Many entrepreneurs reject outsourcing because they think that outsourcing will incur additional costs. However, they make mistakes in calculating the value of missed opportunities because they spend so much time on hard, energy-intensive work that it would be better to leave that to others. Therefore, outsourcing may be toxic to some businesses, and the same activity can be very successful if done within the organization. Outsourcing simplifies many tasks and is profitable for organizations and companies, but only if the conditions are carefully considered, and security points are observed. Every business, large or small, needs to outsource some of its activities, whether it hires an individual or a team to do their work at the company or do it elsewhere. In this paper, the authors consider the optimization of domestic machine-building enterprises through the use of restructuring production outsourcing. An approach to the economic evaluation of the machine-building production optimization based on the restructuring outsourcing, taking into account the cyclical nature of economic development, is developed.


This study aims to examine the effect of job satisfaction on the employee performance of the Cooperative and SMEs of the West Sumatra Provincial Government, the influence of work motivation on the employee performance of the Cooperative and SMEs of the West Sumatra Provincial Government, the influence of the work environment on the employee performance of the Cooperative and and SMEs of the West Sumatra Provincial Government, work motivation moderates job satisfaction on the employee performance of the Cooperatives and and SMEs the West Sumatra Provincial Government, the work environment moderates the influence of job satisfaction on the employee performance of the Cooperatives and SMEs Office of the West Sumatra Provincial Government. This research was conducted at the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs of the West Sumatra Provincial Governmentwith a population of 98 people, using the Slovin formula from a population of 98 people obtained a sample of 79 people. Data collected by distributing questionnaires to all employees of the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs of the West Sumatra Provincial Government. Analysis method uses variance based least square (PLS). The results showed that there was a significant effect of job satisfaction on the employee performance of the Department Cooperatives and SMEs of the West Sumatra Provincial Government there is a significant effect of work motivation on the employee performance of the Department Cooperatives and SMEs officials of the West Sumatra Provincial Government, there is a significant influence of the work environment on the employee performance of the Department Cooperatives and SMEs of the West Sumatra Provincial Government, work motivation moderates the influence of job satisfaction on the employee performance of the Provincial Government's Cooperatives and SMEs West Sumatra, and the work environment does not moderate the influence of job satisfaction on the employee performance of the Department Cooperatives and SMEs Office of the West Sumatra Provincial Government


Nucleation and condensation of mercury vapor has been investigated in various divergent angle and operating condition. Divergent angle has a great effect on droplet size at the end of nozzle. Influence of operating condition such as pressure and temperature on the size of droplet has been investigated. A one-dimensional mathematical model based on classical nucleation and growth has been developed to calculate the nucleation and condensation of mercury vapor. A mercury vapour turbine has been used in conjunction with a steam turbine for generating electricity. The mercury cycle offers an efficiency increase compared to a steam-only cycle because energy can be injected into the Rankine Cycle at higher temperature. The target of modeling is predicting the droplet size of mercury nanoparticles during rapid expansion. The results are verified by accurate experimental data available in the literature. The governing equations were solved using Runge-Kutta third-order numerical method in MATLAB software.


Background in music theory and analysis. The energy potential of music unfolding in time is conditioned by its structural situation, conceived in the sense of the chief reagent of the realization of musical thinking and affective states. The special task of formal analysis is to discover the expressive musical feature (Kivy, 2002) which, in the given context, influences other features, i.e. to find out which musical feature assumes the role of the sign of recognition of the structure at the given moment (Popović, 1998), thus becoming the pillar of structural organization, its "point of gravity" (Lerdahl & Jackendoff, 1983) in the unfolding of musical events. Background in music psychology. Due to the structure of music unfolding in time, expressive communication of a specific musical piece causes differentiated affective responses. But the question is: where is the key point of the experienced musical expression? Is the emotional process unfolding in the course of listening a function of the pillars of musical structure, or is it dependent upon the specific personality characteristics and experience of the listener? Aims. We aim to clarify the segmentation and the structural points of gravity of Mozart's Phantasie, the emotional and narrative response pattern in relation to the segments, and their relations with the emotional personality profile and age. Main contribution. The results indicate that, to a great extent, the participants' reports are similar and founded on the structural points of gravity and segmentation. Their individual emotional expressions could be interpreted as strongly induced by the message that the musical piece in question brings. Conclusions. By way of conclusion, we could say that mental representation of music is a decisive factor of the emotional expression of a musical structure. The key point of musical expression is founded on the musical structure and the pillars of structural organization, and these are, in the first place, the determinants of musical experience, especially in the case of skilled listeners. A further point is that the musical expression of a piece is a matter of the listener's individual perspective and specific emotional meaning that the music induces, as well as metacognitive elaboration, personal characteristics, (emotional) intelligence and life experiences.


Observed surface downward longwave radiances from the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) were compared with line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) calculations from April 1994 to November 1996 for "clear-sky conditions" in the 800-1250 atmospheric The observed radiance data used herein were measured by the window region. Results show that the mean AERI-LBLRTM AERI at the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. We used radiance differences are generally small and close to the recalibrated AERI prototype (AERI-00) data from April 1994 instrument accuracy during the nighttime. However, during to July 25, 1995, and AERI-01 data from July 26, 1995, to the daytime, the radiance differences are larger and increase as November 1996. the H O amount increases when using radiosonde data as 2 model input. Scaling the radiosonde H O profile by the ratio The atmosphere was considered to be clear when the follow2 of the microwave to the radiosonde precipitable water (PW) ing four conditions were satisfied within a period from reduces the mean and scatter of the radiance differences and 10 minutes before through 25 minutes after a radiosonde makes the day and night differences consistent. launch:


A myth is spreading in all over India that alcohol can outbreak the COVID-19 but scientifically it does not give any kind of defense from corona virus disease. It does not reduce the possibility of infection and the expansion of severity of ill health associated to novel corona virus. Several peoples are familiar that extreme consumption of alcohol could injurious to the liver as well as other vital organs of the body, therefore system of body is susceptible to the harmful effect of drinking alcohol on the immunity and people who consume to excess amount of alcohol could increase the risk of infectious disease might have a lot complication can occur as well as often get recover from ill health is to longer as compared with low levels habitual drinkers of alcohol. In fact, interruption in function of immune system additionally contributes to the damaged organs which related with consumption of alcohol.


The energy confinement time corresponding to a Reversed-Field Pinch in low-current passive crowbar operation is considered. Assuming classical ohmic heating, we derive a formula from an analytic power balance study, and this is compared with the values calculated from a 1D atomic physics transport code that incorporates various tokamak scaling laws for energy confinement. By constraining the code to reproduce the experimental results from the ZT-40M device, we find that the values of the energy confinement time calculated by the code generally agree with those predicted by the formula and indicate a confinement time approximately 0.1 ms for the considered set of experiments. The power balance study also compares the RFP and the tokamak. The energy confinement time for the RFP is found to be substantially smaller than that for the tokamak when values of minor radius, current, and density are similar, by virtue of the smaller value of poloidal beta in the RFP. The numerical results do not suggest that any particular one of the tokamak scaling laws is best suited to describing the RFP behavior.


Background: Total body irradiation (TBI) is a technique that is commonly used as a part of the patient conditioning regimen before the bone marrow transplant (BMT). The purpose of this study is to introduce and implement a reasonable TBI technique on the human-like phantom in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Methods: The present experimental study was conducted from October 2016 to November 2017 to implement the TBI technique at the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. For this purpose, percentage depth dose, and dose rate were measured in TBI condition (i.e. SSD=310 cm, field size=40×40 cm2, gantry angle=90°, and collimator angle 45°) in homogeneous phantom. Gafchromic EBT3 films were used to measure the absorbed dose in different areas of the human like phantom at the levels of head, neck, thyroid, lung, umbilicus, pelvic, thigh, knee and leg. Phantom irradiation was performed in parallel opposed anterior-posterior geometry using an 18MV photon beam produced by Varian 2100C/D. Cerrobend blocks were used for lung protection. After analyzing the exposed films with Image J software, the dose uniformity was calculated. Results: Dose distribution uniformity was acquired in the order of -1.01% to +11.82% relative to the prescribed dose at the umbilicus. The difference between the calculated and measured dose at the umbilicus level was -2.73%. The radiation absorbed dose to the lung with blocks was 127.53cGy in one fraction which resulted in 756.18cGy in six fractions. Conclusion: The implemented technique, obtained the acceptable ±10% dose uniformity in most of the body regions. The dosing accuracy was within the acceptable range. The lungs  dose was reduced to the desired level using lung shields. This technique is a simple and cost-effective method that does not require complicated dosimetric techniques. Regarding the obtained results, the proposed technique has the necessary conditions for implementation in Imam Khomeini hospital in irradiation.


With the development of robot technology,some robots have been seen in the field of entertainment. Toy robot's mechanical structure is the emotion mode with several free degrees drived by electric motor,the blocking idea is used in hardware control,the processor is up-market single-chip AT90S8535.The main software control program is PWM and controlled by main program with three subprograms,so that the dance robot can complete all the action arranged before.


In this paper, the strong stabilization problem of multivariable linear timeinvariant systems is considered. The problem is categorized into minimum and non-minimum phase systems. When the given system is minimum phase, the solution requires a stable inverse of a particular stable transfer function matrix; while for a non-minimum phase system, the solution requires an inner-outer factorization, whose outer part is unimodular in RH, and an interpolation in RH. The formulation of the two cases will be modified so that the conditions for the existence of stable inverse or unimodularity of the outer part are satisfied. When the system is strictly proper it is shown that the problem is more technically involved.


Empirical nutrient models that describe lake nutrient, productivity, and water clarity relationships among lakes play a prominent role in limnology. Landscape‐based regressions are also used to understand macroscale variability of lake nutrients, clarity, and productivity (hereafter referred to as nutrient‐productivity). Predictions from both models are used to inform eutrophication management globally. To date, these two classes of models are generally conducted separately, which ignores the known dependencies among nutrient‐productivity variables. We present a statistical model that integrates nutrient‐productivity and landscape‐based regressions—where lake nutrients, productivity, and clarity variables are modeled jointly. We fitted a joint nutrient‐productivity model to over 7000 lakes with three nutrients (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate concentrations), chlorophyll a concentrations, and Secchi disk depth as response variables and landscape features as predictor variables. Because lakes in different regions respond to landscape features differently, we focused our analysis on two subregions with different dominant land uses, the agricultural Midwest and the forested Northeast U.S. Predictive performance was enhanced by modeling nutrient‐productivity variables jointly. We also found strong evidence that nutrient‐productivity variables were coupled, and that only nitrate may be decoupled from other nutrient‐productivity variables in the forested region. We speculate that these regional differences may be related to differences in the strength of biogeochemical cycles and stoichiometric controls between these regions. Jointly modeling nutrient‐productivity variables in lakes effectively integrates the two dominant approaches for studying lakes nutrient‐productivity relationships and provides novel insight into macroscale patterns of the coupling of nutrients, chlorophyll, and water clarity in lakes.


Critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) often develop atrial fibrillation (AF), with an incidence of around 5%. Stroke prevention in AF is well described in clinical guidelines. However, the extent to which stroke prevention is prescribed to ICU patients with AF is unknown.

 We aimed to determine the incidence of new-onset AF and describe the stroke prevention strategies that were initiated on the ICU of our teaching hospital. Also, we compared mortality in patients with new-onset AF to critically ill patients with previously diagnosed AF and patients without any AF.

 This study was a retrospective cohort study including all admissions to the ICU of the our hospital in the period 2011–2016. Propensity score matching was used to compare the different patient groups. Survival analyses were performed using these real-world data.

 In total, 3334 patients were admitted to the ICU, of whom 213 patients (6.4%) developed new-onset AF. 583 patients (17.5%) had a previous diagnosis of AF, the other patients (76.1%) were in normal sinus rhythm. In-hospital mortality and one-year mortality after hospital discharge were significantly higher for new-onset AF patients compared to patients with no history of AF or previously diagnosed AF. At hospital discharge, only 50.4% of the new-onset AF-patients eligible for stroke prevention received an anticoagulant and anticoagulation was not dependent on CHA2DS2VASc score or other patient characteristics. An effect of anticoagulative status on mortality was not significant.

 AF is associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients that were admitted to the ICU. More guidance is needed to optimize anticoagulant treatment in critically ill new-onset AF patients.

 None


Read more and get great! That's what the book enPDFd contemporary vocational rehabilitation will give for every reader to read this book. This is an on-line book provided in this website. Even this book becomes a choice of someone to read, many in the world also loves it so much. As what we talk, when you read more every page of this contemporary vocational rehabilitation, what you will obtain is something great.


Rats over‐expressing a mutated form of superoxide dismutase (SOD1G93A) exhibit progressive motor neuron degeneration and paralysis, and are a common model of familial ALS. We previously made the chance observation that weekly exposure to graded hypercapnia (5% and 7% CO2; 20 min) followed by hypercapnic hypoxia (7% CO2 in 10% O2 20 min) apparently delayed disease progression. In this uncontrolled comparison, treated rats were 16 days older at a defined end stage (>20% decrease in body mass) vs untreated littermates (p<0.05). Here we studied this protocol under controlled conditions. Eleven mutant SOD1G93A rats were paired with a mutant littermate of the same sex; within each pair, 1 rat was treated 3 times per week with the hypercapnia/hypoxia protocol and the other was exposed to air (sham). Exposures were performed from 82 days of age until one rat within the pair reached end‐stage. Rats were perfused to enable counts of surviving motor neurons (analysis underway). Decreases in body mass slowed in treated rats on the day of sacrifice (untreated: 19% +/‐2%, treated: 10% +/‐2%; p <0.05). In 7 of 11 pairs, untreated rats reached end‐stage first (p=0.06); treated rats tended to be older (164+/‐3; n = 4) vs untreated rats at end‐stage (149+/‐6; n = 7; p=0.11). Repetitive hypercapnia may slow disease progression and increase survival in SOD1G93A rats. Further studies to test this hypothesis are underway.


The author examines the actions of states in crisis and emergency situations and conducts a comparative analysis of the emergency measures taken by the governments of democratic states and hybrid regime states. The author notes the Matthew effect: the actions of the institutions of political power of democratic and undemocratic countries in the conditions of the regime of increased readiness at a superficial examination seem similar, but have a different effect. In democracies, the restriction of some of the freedoms of citizens fits into the general trend toward humanization of politics. At the same time, autocracies presumably use the crisis to redistribute power resources toward the executive branch and to normalize the suppression of civic engagement.


PurposeTo assess the relationship between smoking and intraocular pressure. Materials and MethodsThe Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 residents aged 49 years and older in an area west of Sydney, Australia from 1992 to 1994. A trained interviewer collected a detailed history of smoking. Intraocular pressure was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry; as the correlation between right and left eyes was very high, only right-eye data are presented. Participants using glaucoma medications or who had evidence of previous cataract surgery were excluded. ResultsCurrent smokers (15.8% of participants) had slightly higher mean intraocular pressures (16.34 mm Hg) than nonsmokers (16.04 mm Hg). Intraocular pressure (in the right eye) was significantly associated with current smoking, after adjusting for age and sex (P = 0.03). This association remained unchanged after simultaneous adjustment for other variables associated with intraocular pressure, including blood pressure, diabetes, myopia, glaucoma, family history, and pseudoexfoliation (P = 0.02). ConclusionsThis study identified a modest cross-sectional positive association between current smoking and intraocular pressure.


In this paper, we investigate the characterization of biorthogonal multiwavelet packets associated with arbitrary matrix dilations and particularly of orthonormal multiwavelet packets by means of basic equations in Fourier domain.


We use lattice simulations to examine the detailed dynamics of inflaton fragmentation during and after preheating in λφ 4 chaotic inflation. The dynamics are qualitatively similar to preheating after m 2 φ 2 inflation, involving the exponential growth and subsequent expansion and collision of bubble-like inhomogeneities of the inflaton and other scalar fields. During this stage fluctuations of the fields become strongly non-Gaussian. In the quartic theory, the conformal nature of the theory allows us to extend our simulations to much greater times than is possible for the quadratic model. With these longer simulations we have been able to determine the time scale on which Gaussianity is restored, which occurs after a time on the order of a thousand inflaton oscillations.


The Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM) is an important tool for estimating solar variability for a myriad of space weather research studies and applications, and FISM Version 2 (FISM2) recently was released. FISM2 is an empirical model of the solar ultraviolet irradiance created to fill spectral and temporal gaps in the satellite observations. FISM2 estimates solar ultraviolet irradiance variations due to the solar cycle, solar rotations, and solar flares. The major improvement provided by FISM2 is that it is based on multiple new, more accurate instruments that have now captured almost a full solar cycle and thousands of flares, drastically improving the accuracy of the modeled FISM2 solar irradiance spectra. Specifically, these new instruments are the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE), Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE)/X‐ray Photometer System (XPS), and SORCE/Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE). FISM2 is also improved to 0.1‐nm spectral bins across the same 0‐ to 190‐nm spectral range and is already being used in research to estimate space weather changes due to solar irradiance variability in planetary thermospheres and ionospheres.


A prototype for producing monochromatic holographic stereograms by the two-step method on silver halide film, has been developed. Fundamental questions have been examined as defocusing effects by applying a set of synthesized three-bar test pattern. A visual examination of the pattern in a stereogram was compared to theoretical calculations using OTF. Holographic diffusers, HOE, have been made and evaluated for production of holographic stereograms. A compact temperature stabilized diode pumped 50 mW green laser is incorporated in the set-up.


The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical verification of the Post Keynesian theory of employment. The Post Keynesian theory is based on the "Principle of Effective Demand" discussed in chapter 3 of Keynes' General Theory. The Post Keynesian model of employment confronted here with the data from the United States is derived from Weintraub (198142) and Davidson (1998).1 In this model the primary determinant of employment is autonomous expenditures in wage units. The Post Keynesian theory's emphasis on autonomous expenditures contrasts with that of other contemporary theories, stressing alternatively the independent role of money supply, unanticipated changes in money supply, and technology shocks as the main determinants of the aggregate level of economic activity.2 Opinion is divided about the need for empirical testing of economic theories. But, given the scientific need for confronting theories with facts, empirical verification remains a crucial instrument of economic science (see Blaug, 1998). This paper is consistent with the methodology that considers verification an important complement of economic theories. Recent introduction of the cointegration methodology by Engle and Granger (1991) allows economists to provide convincing tests of


Seven gastropods from a silicified horizon within the Uromystrum validum trilobite zone and the Histiodella tableheadensis conodont zone in the Spring Inlet Member of the Table Point Formation are documented. Gastropods from western Newfoundland comprise part of the Toquima–Table Head fauna, and eleven genera found in Newfoundland also occur in Whiterockian strata of Nevada. Five species of Raphistomina, Lophospira, Donaldiella, Hormotoma, and Straparollina originally described by E. Billings in 1865 from Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian) strata of Newfoundland are revised. Two species of Scalites and Cataschisma not previously reported from Newfoundland are also described. The gastropod genera Hormotoma and Lophospira are long-ranging genera that originated during the Early Ordovician. Scalites, Raphistomina, Cataschisma and Donaldiella appear to have originated during Whiterock time.


In order to discuss the power transportation through the high power MITLs (Magnetically Insulated Transmission Lines), we have modified the equivalent circuit model. This model can be used for estimating the influences of space-charge electrons on power flow and design works of high power MITLs. When the MITL has an abrupt geometrical change, this model is thought not to work well. We are estimating validity of the model by comparing the results with those of the particle-in-cell simulation (PIC). Subsequently, we study the stability of space-charge electron flow in the gaps by the PIC simulation.


Spam made up 81.69% of messages in December, compared to 84.31% in November, which begs the question: did spammers take a holiday break?


The large amounts of collected climatic data in the Earth offer a unique opportunity to foresee and prevent ecological problems that may occur in the future. As a particular case of complex data, the analysis of climatic data (usually expressed as time series) requires efficient mining tools, either general or dedicated ones to this specific problem. The specificities of this kind of data also demand the existence of effective pre-processing techniques. In this paper, we present a survey and a comparative study of the main different approaches to analyze climatic data, including pre-processing techniques. The algorithms considered range from generic algorithms for sequential and transactional pattern mining, to specific algorithms for dealing with


This paper continues the investigation of the assay and spectral properties of biological stains. The phenyl methane dyes, auramine O, basic and acid fuchsins, methyl violet, crystal violet, methyl green, and anilin blue W. S., may all be assayed by the spectrophotometric method. Of these, methyl green has been found unstable both in solid form and in solution, hence color densities of this dye must be measured promptly after preparation.


ABSTRACT The use of traditional medical plants has been long time by our ancestors and was passed from generation to generation. This research was on uses of medicinal plants for traditional medicine in South Minahasa Tontemboan tribe. The data were collected through interview using question. The repondensts was traditional healers (Batra). Based on the results recorded 26 medical plant species from 18 families consisting of 11 types of herbaceous shrubs 10 species, 5 species trees was used to cure various diseases. Keywords : Traditional, medicine, plants, species, herbaceous shrubs, trees


This paper presents a speculative architecture of a digital phase-locked loop (DPLL)-based clock and data recovery (CDR) for high-speed receiver in series links. This proposed system removes pipeline stages and reduces propagation delays, as a result, the latency of the loop decreases, which improves the loop stability and jitter tolerance without sacrificing loop bandwidth. This system can realize locking the phase to 1/32 UI and the frequency to 30.51 ppm/lsb, with maximum frequency offset of +/- 6836 ppm.


Investigation on the leaf and fruit impressions collected from Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaon Kalan and Keria in Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh, revealed the occurrence of significant taxa like, Miliusa veluntina Hook. F. & Th., Polyalthia simiarum Benth. & Hook. (Anonaceae), Kayea floribunda Wall. (Clusiaceae), Atlantia monophylla Correa. (Rutaceae), Spondias accuminata Roxb. (Anacardiaceae), Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (Euphorbiaceae), Ficus ramentacea Roxb. (Moraceae), Cocos nucifera Linn. and Pinanga insignis Becc. (Arecaceae) and Musa sapientum Linn. (Musaceae). The present day distribution of the above taxa indicates the existence of tropical evergreen to moist deciduous forest during their deposition. Presence of palm plants (Cocos nucifera. and Pinanga insignis) indicates characteristics of tropical vegetation.


In a definition of plate efficiency, Onda and Kobayashi1} adopted the assumption that the vapor on the ideal plate is in equilibrium with the liquid at the middle point of the plate. This assumption is rational, and the efficiency (EMV)1/2 newly defined is almost equal to the point efficiency E0G for the general case. Using the same assumption of the ideal plate, Onda et al.2) proposed a method for determining the number of plates for a binary mixture. In this paper, the stage-to-stage calculation for the various mixing degrees of liquid on the plate is carried out under the ideal-plate assumption mentioned above, and the effect of liquid mixing on number of plates is discussed.


PMMA has been extensively adopted in Nano Imprint Lithography(NIL). PMMA nano-structures experience severe mechanical load and deformation during NIL process, and understanding its mechanical behavior is very important in designing and optimizing NIL process. One of the most promising techniques for characterizing the mechanical behavior of nano structures is nano pillar compression test. In this study, the mechanical behaviors of PMMA pillars during compression test are analyzed using Molecular Dynamics. Two methods for simulation of PMMA nano pillars are proposed. The stress-strain relationship of nano-scale PMMA structure is obtained based on CVFF(Covalent Valence Force Fields) potential and the dependency of the applied strain rate on the stress-strain relationship is analyzed. The obtained stress-strain relationships can be useful in simulating nano-scale PMMA structures using Finite Element Method(FEM) and understanding the experimental results obtained by compression test of PMMA nano pillars.


Louisa McAllaster pleads for Dr. McQuesten to visit her sick father and help out her family as they have suffered many financial misfortunes.


Revised as HE 2-123T August 1991. Reprinted as 4-H 92136L July 1998. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog


it is encoded into a summary. The written product expected is a statement of information gleaned from reading, cast in the student's own words. All too often, however, a student hands in a verbatim handwritten copy of a resource that has been consulted. This is likely a result of the student's not knowing how to carry out the assignment and of the teacher's not having taught students how to summarize their reading. Described here is a classroom procedure for teaching students how to compose summaries of their reading. It is an adaptation and extension of Manzo's (1975) Guided Reading Procedure (GRP), in which the teacher leads students to extract information from


The methodology to organize the information resources used in several oversea running digital libraries,as well as their corresponding function of retrieval and browse,has been investigated.Then the common ground on information organization and retrieval of these digital libraries has been analyzed.


We examine the effects of a fiscal policy by tax reduction which realizes full-employment from a state of under-employment or with deflationary GDP gap. We show that the larger the growth rate of real GDP by tax reduction is, the smaller the debt-to-GDP ratio at the time when full-employment is realized is, and an aggressive fiscal policy by tax reduction for full-employment can reduce the debt-to-GDP ratio. Therefore, full-employment can be realized with smaller debt-to-GDP ratio than before the tax reduction policy. However, for this result we need that the marginal propensity to consume is considerably large.


Research has benefitted enormously from the digital revolution through the ability to communicate and analyse digital data. A key enabler, a sine qua non, of this development is a robust and sustainable data infrastructure. The benefits of open data are widely recognized but they pose challenges for how to fund and sustain common infrastructures, particularly those that need to expand considerably to meet the increasing demand for and availability of data, as well as demand for additional services. Whether we like it or not, for data repositories to be sustainable, they need to have a robust business model which demonstrates clear alignment between, on the one hand, their mission, activities and services and, on the other, the needs of the community they serve, the objectives and policies of funders and the willingness and ability to pay of those entities that provide income. The robustness of income streams, the diversification of sources of income and cost restraint are elements to be taken into consideration. This paper will provide a brief introduction to the session considering the economics of sustainable data repositories from a variety of perspectives and will do so in the context of a CODATA-coordinated OECD Global Science Forum Project on 'Sustainable Business Models for Data Repositories'. The session will not be a report on this project, but will contribute substantively to the work of this project by articulating and discussing various stakeholder perspectives on sustainable business models.


Abstract : Analytical expressions are formulated to describe the distribution of shear stresses which arise due to slip and soil flow. The distribution of the shear and normal stresses along the wheel-soil interface is established as a function of slip. The stresses under a towed wheel are also described. Actual measurements of the stresses by means of a special transducer embedded in the wheel are presented and compared to theoretical values. It is found that the agreement is satisfactory. It is concluded that further analysis of the available data will lead to a better understanding of the mechanics of tires operating off-the-road and to an improvement in wheeled vehicle prediction techniques.


Contrary to a previous report, pretreatment of normal men with carbidopa plus L-dopa (Sinemet 25/250) markedly inhibited the PRL response to TRH, a stimulus that acts directly on the pituitary. Thus, the results of carbidopa/L-dopa testing cannot be used to determine whether agents that stimulate PRL secretion act on the pituitary or at a higher central nervous system level.


Organ retrieval provides a service to both recipients and donor families. Many patients and their families wish to donate organs at the time of death and eye donation is rarely contraindicated. Corneal transplantation is a commonly performed procedure in Canada and is done either to restore sight or eye integrity. Corneal scarring, degeneration and dystrophy, keratoconus and keratoglobus are conditions that may require corneal transplantation. In 2006, 7065 eyes were donated and 2447 corneal transplantation procedures were performed in Canada. More than 40 000 corneal transplantations are performed annually in the United States. There is always a demand for donor corneas, and Canadian corneal transplantation surgeons report having an average waiting list of 50 patients and performing 33 procedures per year. The cornea is an avascular structure, thus allowing postmortem eye retrieval, which is a relatively simple procedure. Donor enucleation presents a unique opportunity for Canada's rural physicians to become involved in this important process. Eyes should be removed within 12 hours for donors who have been refrigerated or within 4 hours if the donor has been kept at room temperature. Following retrieval, the eyes are stored in a container of ice and must be received by the eye bank within 12 hours. Thus it is important to ensure that there is a local mechanism in place which allows these timelines to be met. In Ontario, the eye bank will pick up donated eyes at the Toronto airport. The list of resources at the end of this article provides contact information that could be used to set up logistics for a local program, and the eye bank would be able to supply containers and insulated vessels for transport purposes.


RAHMAWATI FITRIANA: This paper is aimed to analyze the speech act of requesting strategies used by people in their society. In their dialogue routine, s/he almost meets the simple dialogue used around them. Particularly, the dialogues will be used in expressing their requesting, something to anyone else, and even on bargaining term. The writer would like to know on how the people in giving response to the simple dialogue. The writer took the BlumKulka's (1989) definition in analyzing of these strategies. In fact, the request and apology will be quite on the same ground and function, as the writer found in these analyzing. Both of the them are used in conventional routine unconsciously. Level of relationship between speaker and hearer is also one of factor beside, gender, age, and setting influenced in making a dialogue by using requests strategies.


Based on determining samples of Fuzhou West Lake, this paper concluded the effect of sampling volume and heat time on determination of Total Suspended Solids (SS). The results indicate that sampling volume is an important fact of precision on SS determination. The length of heat time doesn't effect the result of SS determination. As the sampling volume declines (from 2000ml to 50ml), the relative SD of recoveries increases from 2.7% to 45.5%. To assure the relative SD no more than 15%, the sampling volume must meet the requirement that the residue is larger than 6.2 mg.


An exploration of the vacuum ultraviolet magnetic circular dichroism and absorption spectra of propylene and a comparison to ethylene spectra provides new information on the electronic structure of ethylene. Ethylene has three electronic transitions in the energy region previously assigned as two. The presently proposed assignments for these transitions are π → 3s(1Ag → 1B3u), π → π*(1Ag → 1B1u), and π → 3p. The lowest energy transition that was previously assigned as the beginning of the π → π* is assigned as the π → 3s transition. The π → π* and π → 3p transitions are accidentally degenerate in ethylene. The electronic transition with sharp structure doublets which was previously assigned as π → 3s is assigned as one of the π → 3p [π → 3pσ (1Ag → 1B2g), π → 3py (1Ag → 1B1g), or π → 3px (1Ag → 1A1g)] vibronically allowed electronic transitions. A case is presented that it is the π → 3pσ (1Ag → 1B2g) and/or the π → 3py (1Ag → 1B1g) electronic transitions that are responsible for the sharp structured doubl...


Changes in physiology and anesthesia modulate susceptibility to cortical spreading depression (CSD), the neurobiological correlate of migraine aura. Here we investigated to what extent CSD susceptibility parameters (frequency and threshold) depend on whether physiological parameters (pO 2 , pCO 2, pH and blood pressure) were: i) not monitored at all, ii) only monitored (i.e., measured in blood from a femoral artery catheter; physiological monitoring), or iii) monitored and controlled (i.e., adjusted during the experiment by subtle changes in mechanical ventilation using tracheotomy; physiological control). In addition, we investigated to what extent the anesthesia gas mixture affects these CSD parameters. We studied effects of the methodologies in both wild-type (WT) mice and familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1) transgenic mice that express the human pathogenic R192Q missense mutation in voltage-gated Ca V 2.1 Ca channels (R192Q mice). A previous study revealed an enhanced CSD frequency in the visual cortex of mutant mice, an effect that was most pronounced in females, when experiments were performed with isoflurane-N 2 O/O 2 anesthesia and physiological control. In the present study, however, using isoflurane-air anesthesia without physiological monitoring and without physiological control, we observed that visual cortex CSD frequency was equally enhanced in mutant mice of both genders. In contrast, a gender difference was observed for CSD threshold which was decreased in R192Q mice compared to WT to a larger extent in males than in females. The absence of a gender effect on CSD frequency in mutant mice was not related to the use of air instead of N 2 O/O 2, but to the presence of mechanical ventilation and possible subtle changes in pH, pCO 2 or blood pressure when physiological parameters were not controlled. Genotypic effects of enhanced CSD susceptibility in R192Q compared to WT mice were identified irrespective of the tested methodologies. Comparison of CSD susceptibility in visual cortex vs motor cortex revealed a regional difference in CSD susceptibility that was influenced by gender in the absence of physiological control. Physiological control can either unmask or mask a gender effect on specific CSD parameters. This sensitivity of CSD susceptibility to methodology has important implications when comparing data from different studies. Moreover, it suggests that there is a drawback of controlling physiological status of an animal as one may miss specific characteristics of CSD susceptibility when these depend on differences in physiological parameters between R192Q mutant and WT mice.


Color image filtering is one of the most common research tasks in the area of color image processing.Color image filtering techniques can be divided as component-wise methods and vector processing based methods.However,the component-wise methods were only used in the early time and a large amount of research indicates that the vector filtering methods are more efficient than the component-wise methods since the vector processing based methods can preserve better the spectral characteristics of color images.This paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the fundamental theories and methods of color image vector filtering,and discusses the recent,important developments in this field.Some typical applications of color image vector filtering techniques are also reported in this paper.First,the classification of color image vector filtering techniques is analyzed,and for each class of filtering technique,the most commonly-used,representative filtering algorithms are introduced and explained in detail.Then,combining the authors' research on this field,some new research methods are proposed.Finally,for some representative,frequently-used filtering algorithms,by taking the impulsive noise for example,both the perceptual visual effect and objective evaluation data are presented to illustrate their filtering performance.


Within the scop e of this study the leaching process of Cu, Zn, Co, Mo from the complex polymetallic sulfide concentrate with high Fe, As, which was produced in Central Kazakhstan using two methods is examined. The metal concentrations in the concentrate were 0.27% Cu, 0.026% Zn, 0.464% Co, 0.057% Mo, 15.51% Fe, 7.38% As. Nitrogen oxides formed in the processes of leaching were absorbed with water, the return of absorption product to the operation of leaching allowed reducing the consumption of nitric acid. The single-stage nitric acid leaching experiment was carried out at the leach concentrate productivity of 170±20 g/h, 80±2 °С, liquid/solid mass ratio (L/S) 6/1, leach time of 10.7 h, and nitric acid (57%) consumption of 0.12±0.01 l/h. The degree of capture of nitrous gases reached 97.8%. In these conditions Cu, Zn, Co, Mo, Fe, As were obtained with dissolution efficiencies of 96.98, 64.92, 99.99, 95.39, 80.13 and 99.80% respectively. Concentrations of NO3–, H+ and redox potential in the leachate were 88.7 g/l, 1.82 mol./l and 741 mV, respectively. The two-stage counter-current nitric acid leaching experiment was carried out at the leach concentrate productivity of 170±20 g/h, 80±2 °С, L/S 6/1, leach time of 26.8 h, and nitric acid (57%) consumption of 0.06±0.006 l/h. The degree of capture of nitrous gases reached 97.8%. In these conditions Cu, Zn, Co, Mo, Fe, As were obtained with dissolution efficiencies of 99.11, 85.23, 100.00, 88.60, 77.24 and 85.56%, respectively. Concentrations of NO3–, H+ and redox potential in the leachate were 46.7 g/l, 0.35 mol/l and 658 mV, respectively. Compared to single-stage leaching, two-stage counter-current nitric acid leaching allo ws the significant economy of nitric acid (256 g of 100% HNO3 per kilogram of concentrate), which is reduction of 48%. Moreover, counter-current leaching enables reduction in concentrations of NO3–, H+ and redox potential in the leachate. The further studies should focus on possible reduction in nitric acid consumption by lowering concentration of NO3– in leachate. The authors appreciate participation of I. A. Parygin, VNIPIpromtekhnologii in this study.


Considering reinforcement pad and the cylindrical shell as an integral model and a contact model, stress analysis for opening-reinforcement structures of a cylindrical shell is performed by elastic and elastoplastic FEM. By comparison of two sub-models and two material constitutive relations (elastic and elastoplastic), the stress distribution of cylindrical shell intersections by the contact model is similar to that by the integral model, but there are some differences of the stress at contact surfaces of the shell and the reinforcement pad between by the contact model and by the integral model. In general, the stress analysis of the integral model for pad reinforcement can approximately represent that of the contact model. Finite element analyses for different nozzle diameters and different oblique angles in nozzle and cylinder shell intersections are carried out. The stress distribution and the maximum stress are affected by oblique angle. But the difference of the maximum stress intensity among different diameters is small.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Typed pages, writes of Representations of Vocational Bureaus' meetings and luncheon in New York, comments on college representation and Tarbell's speech


I would first like to explain the significance of "Zero Error" as used in the title. The data user is usually alarmed when any operation which is unfamiliar to him is performed upon the data before it is received at the data-user processing site. In order to minimize the concern of the data user over the possible loss of data quality due to data compression, all data was reconstructed for the data user without error with respect to the data at the input point in the communication system. So this data compression communication system is zero error or lossless since it is transparent to the data user as far as data quality is concerned. You still have to contend with channel errors, as you would with any other communication system.


Objective To establish the quantizing diagnostic criteria and degree classifying criteria of blood stasis syndrome of the advanced primary lung cancer patients. Methods Totally 253 observed cases were randomized into a experimental group (129 cases) and a control group (124 cases). The experimental group was to establish a quantizing diagnostic criteria and to make retrospective test. The control group was to make prospective test. The patients were divided into groups according to the differentiation criteria of blood stasis syndrome. The case report form (CRF) was filled in and the statistical comparing method was applied to select the related factors,which were scored to establish the quantizing diagnostic criteria. A test for the quantizing diagnostic criteria was conducted to build up the degree classifying criteria of the blood stasis syndrome. Results The sensitivity in the retrospective test for the quantizing diagnostic criteria was 91.8%,the specificity was 90.0%,the accuracy was 90.7%,the positive likelihood ratio was 9.18%,and negative likelihood ratio was 9.1%. The sensitivity in the prospective test for the quantizing diagnostic criteria was 88.0%,the specificity was 93.2%,the accuracy was 91.1%,the positive likelihood ratio was 13.0%,and negative likelihood ratio was 12.9%. The threshold score of the quantizing diagnostic criteria for the blood stasis syndrome of the advanced primary lung cancer was 21. The degree classifying criteria:score between 21 and 28 as the mild case,between 29 and 35 as the moderate case,and score larger than 35 as serious case. Conclusion In the form of disease-and-syndrome,based on the statistical method,the quantizing diagnostic criteria and the degree classifying criteria of the blood stasis syndrome of the advanced primary lung cancer patients is practical with innovation and applicability.


Real-time performance assessment and condition monitoring are potential new features in mobile working machines that have to run in a wide range of operating conditions. Condition monitoring and performance assessment are needed to be able to proactively correct impending faults before severe failures or machine stoppage occur. This paper presents a data-driven approach for machine performance assessment and condition monitoring based on indices representing the performance of a subsystem. Instead of adding new sensors, the indices are computed using existing data from the machine control system. Metrics for machine performance follow-up are derived from these multidimensional data, which have strong nonlinear correlations in certain measurement variables. Although the indices describe primarily the technical performance of the machine, they have proven to be valuable also in terms of condition monitoring of various machine functions. The indices summarize in a concise and easily comprehensible manner changes in performance.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Several Yb-doped laser active fibers manufactured by the new technology described below were successfully tested in different fiber laser setups. The promising results are discussed in comparison to laser active fibers made by MCVD-technique.


This paper summarizes some common artifacts in stereo video content. These artifacts lead to poor even uncomfortable 3D viewing experience. Efficient approaches for detecting three typical artifacts, sharpness mismatch, synchronization mismatch and stereoscopic window violation, are presented in detail. Sharpness mismatch is estimated by measuring the width deviations of edge pairs in depth planes. Synchronization mismatch is detected based on the motion inconsistencies of feature points between the stereoscopic channels in a short time frame. Stereoscopic window violation is detected, using connected component analysis, when objects hit the vertical frame boundaries while being in front of the virtual screen. For experiments, test sequences were created in a professional studio environment and state-of-the-art metrics were used for evaluating the proposed approaches. The experimental results show that our algorithms have considerable robustness in detecting 3D defects.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the weaknesses of internal control in expenditure claim procedure and to identify the opinions of employees regarding an occupational fraud. This study also attempts to examine the most popular occupational fraud committed by the employee and whether a company's working environment contributed to the fraud.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study approach was adopted to investigate and analyse the weaknesses of the internal control and occupational fraud incidents. A mixed method of data collection, specifically, survey questionnaire and document analysis were used.

Findings
This study found that the internal control of the expenditure claim procedure was weak and needed improvement. This study also found that a strong internal control and a better remuneration paid to the employees could reduce the risk of the occupational fraud committed in the company. In terms of fraud types, this study discovered that claims on mileage, followed by petrol, accommodation and suppliers' invoice were the most popular occupational frauds committed by the employees. Finally, employee dissatisfaction and poor working-environment culture influence occupational fraud's level in the organizations.

Research limitations/implications
The results provide further confirmation of the fraud triangle theory on the causes of fraud, i.e. opportunity because of a weak internal control and financial pressure because of low and non-standardized salary. This study, however, was conducted only on one company.

Practical implications
This study provides some recommendations to overcome the weak internal control and improve employees' satisfaction which lead to better working environment. Thus, opportunities for fraud in the company can be reduced.

Originality/value
This study is original, as it focusses specifically on occupational fraud which is rare in fraud literature, particularly for a study that is conducted in developing markets like Malaysia. It also has examined various related sensitive documents and reports of employee frauds that are generally difficult to be accessed by researchers.


Background: Condomless anal sex (CAS) accounts for most HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). Knowledge of one's HIV status through routine testing remains essential for reducing HIV transmission. We assessed the associations between demographic, behavioral, and prevention characteristics of MSM who engaged in CAS and HIV testing in the Dallas and Houston, Texas metropolitan areas in 2008 and 2014, and examined changes in CAS and HIV testing prevalence during this period. Methods: Data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance for 2008 and 2014 MSM cycles in Dallas and Houston were used for this analysis. We compared proportions of self-reported CAS and HIV testing and determined the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) using generalized estimating equations. Results: The overall adjusted prevalence of CAS among MSM in Dallas and Houston remained stable over time. MSM who had one sexual partner were 9 (aPR=9.21, 95%CI=3.83-14.91, p


Objective:To establish a novel method for detecting the mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), L858R in exon 21, by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) technique. Methods: The primers and probes specific for wild type exon 21 and mutant L858R were designed according to Taqman-MGB principle. The assay was developed after optimization and applied for detecting L858R mutation in 171 cases with lung cancer. The results were compared with the direct sequencing data. Results: The sequencing assay identified 15 cases with L858R mutation in a series of 171 lung cancer tissues, with the mutation rate of 8.8 %. The mutation was detected predominantly in females, adenocarcinomas, and adenosquamous carcinomas. Real-time PCR showed that the average R value for the 15 cases with L858R mutation was 0.840±0.223 and that for the 156 cases with wild type exon 21 was 1.552±0.278. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P0.001). Meanwhile, the R value for L858R predominant lung cancer tissues (0.613±0.137)was much lower than that for wild type predominant ones (0.992±0.103). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P0.001). The data presented here demonstrated that real-time PCR was highly specific for detecting L858R mutation. The detection limit was 12.5 % (the ratio of mutated DNA to wild type DNA). Conclusion:The real-time PCR assay has higher specificity and sensitivity in detecting L858R mutation and is easy to perform. It can be used not only in the diagnosis of wild type of EGFR exon 21 or L858R mutation, but also in the determination of the mutation ratio in the samples according to the R value.


In this work a thick interface model is proposed in order to describe the photothermal signal perturbation introduced by grain interfaces. The validity of the model is discussed based upon photothermal reflectance microscopy results obtained on Fe sintered samples. A comparison with the thermal resistance model, which is valid only in the case of thin interfaces, is also presented.


Four discrete orthogonal transforms have been evaluated for their suitability for use in transform-based analog speech encryption. Subjective as well as objective tests were conducted to compare the residual intelligibility and the recovered speech quality under channel conditions. The cryptanalytic strengths of the schemes were then compared by applying a novel cryptanalytic attack which exploits the redundancy of speech using a spectral vector codebook. The results indicate that the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is the best transform to use in transform-based encryption. A modification of the DCT-based scheme which significantly improves the security of the scrambler is proposed. >


The threat of the Covid-19 pandemic has pushed every country to protect its citizens; one form of protection is implementing the Covid-19 vaccination program. The study aims to explore the state's capacity in implementing the vaccination program. The study uses the literature review method, sourced from scientific journals, books, and other information sources. The study results show that the state capacity in implementing the vaccination program is classified as good in the dimensions of operational capability, budgetary capacity, institutional capacity, and analytical capacity. Although the size of operational capacity, the obstacle of vaccine procurement causes vaccination targets not to be achieved. The cold chain is insufficient in some areas, including the slow distribution of vaccines due to geographic constraints on the dimension of institutional capacity.


The authors conduct a comparative analysis of the features and content of socio-pedagogical work with gifted schoolchildren in the educational space of Russia and Kazakhstan. The purpose of our study: to study and present the comparative experience of socio-pedagogical work with gifted children in the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan. Collection of empirical data was carried out by questionnaire survey of teachers of general educational organizations of the Russian Federation (n=225) and educational organizations of Kazakhstan (n=200). The survey of teachers and specialists of educational organizations was conducted in 2018 and 2019.The authors have studied the comparative experience of organizing socio-pedagogical work with gifted schoolchildren in Russia and Kazakhstan. The results allow us to see common and specific in the work with gifted children in the Russian Federation and the former post-Soviet republic. The identified features can be taken into account in the organization of socio-pedagogical work with gifted schoolchildren and improve the effectiveness of socio-pedagogical work and socio-pedagogical support of gifted schoolchildren. In conclusion, the study of comparative experience of socio-pedagogical work with gifted schoolchildren in two countries with a similar history of formation of educational systems allows us to see the difference in approaches to work with this non-standard category of children at the moment. The identified specificity in the programs, forms and methods, target benchmarks of socio-pedagogical work with gifted children in educational organizations can be taken into account when developing the content of this direction of work and will improve its effectiveness.


Spectrometers that can identify the energy of gamma radiation and determine the source isotope have until recently used low temperature semiconductors. These require cooling which makes their portability difficult. The material Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) is now available which operates at room temperature and can be used to measure the energy of gamma radiation. In a compton camera configuration the direction of the radiation can also be determined. A read-out ASIC has been developed for such a system and features 100 channels of electronics, each with a charge amplifier, CR-RC shaper, and peak-hold. A 12 bit ADC converts the data which is sparsified before being read out. The energy, signal rise time, and timestamp of any hit channel is read out together with the data from all of its neighbours. The ASIC has a selectable lower dynamic range which could be used for lower energy interactions.


This thesis outlines the development of a centrifugal compressor model for the Turbocharger Component Matching System (TuCMS) software package that can be used to inexpensively analyze turbocharger performance. The TuCMS can also be used to match turbocharger components to integrate and optimize turbocharger-engine performance. The software system is being developed with the intent to reduce the time taken to experimentally match a turbocharger with an engine, a task that is key to engine emission reductions. The TuCMS uses one-dimensional thermo-fluid equations to analyze the compressor side of a turbocharger. For each compressor component, the program calculates the velocities, pressures, temperatures, pressure losses, work consumption, and efficiencies for a specified set of turbocharger geometry, atmospheric conditions, rotational speed, and fluid mass flow rate. The compressor includes established loss models found in the open literature. The TuCMS utilizes a componentbased architecture to simplify model enhancements. The TuCMS can be used as a cost effective engineering tool for preliminary turbocharger testing during engine upgrades and modifications. In this thesis, the TuCMS compressor model was used as an analysis tool to further understand the Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) experimental results. The VGT is a unique turbocharger that can change the diffuser vane angle over a wide range of positions. The change in diffuser vane angle results in optimal turbocharger performance at various operating conditions, and potentially increases the operating range. The purpose for the use of the TuCMS compressor model analysis is to identify the change in performance as the diffuser vane angles are adjusted. The TuCMS can ideally be used as a control program for the VGT to adjust the diffuser vane angles as the compressor load changes and insure the compressor is operating at the highest efficiency.


G‐quadruplexes (G4) play crucial roles in biology, analytical chemistry and nanotechnology. The stability of G4 structures is impacted by the number of G‐quartets, the length and positions of loops, flanking motifs, as well as additional structural elements such as bulges, capping base pairs, or triads. Algorithms such as G4Hunter or Quadparser may predict if a given sequence is G4‐prone by calculating a quadruplex propensity score; however, experimental validation is still required. We previously demonstrated that this validation is not always straightforward, and that a combination of techniques is often required to unambiguously establish whether a sequence forms a G‐quadruplex or not. In this article, we adapted the well‐known FRET‐melting assay to characterize G4 in batch, where the sequence to be tested is added, as an unlabeled competitor, to a system composed of a dual‐labeled probe (F21T) and a specific quadruplex ligand. PhenDC3 was preferred over TMPyP4 because of its better selectivity for G‐quadruplexes. In this so‐called FRET‐MC (melting competition) assay, G4‐forming competitors lead to a marked decrease of the ligand‐induced stabilization effect (∆Tm), while non‐specific competitors (e.g., single‐ or double‐stranded sequences) have little effect. Sixty‐five known sequences with different typical secondary structures were used to validate the assay, which was subsequently employed to assess eight novel sequences that were not previously characterized.


Chemical effects caused by the 6Li(n,α)3H nuclear reaction in α-LiFeO2 were studied with Mossbauer spectroscopy. Magnetite was observed on the irradiation. The amount of magnetite increased with irradiation fluence until about 1022 m−2 was reached. It then became a constant value of about 50% of the α-LiFeO2 in the iron atom ratio. The G value for the formation of magnetite was initially 10−2 and decreased to about 10−3 at a fluence of 3 × 1022 m−2.


The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes for Chinese patients with type A intramural hematoma (IMH).


There are different strategies to integrate software systems: integration on the data layer, on the business logic layer, and on the user interface layer. The latter area, recently gaining attention by the rising popularity of Web 2.0 mashups, can benefit heavily from formal models and ontologies. In this paper, we argue why integration on the user interface level requires formal semantics. We present a framework using ontologies for user interface integration and discuss the relevant research tasks and links to related research fields.


The article discusses the question of the immunities of a witness in civil proceedings. The classification of immunities of witnesses. Special attention is paid to the immunity of the Commissioner for human rights in the Russian Federation. Also considered are the problems of witness immunities guardians, wards persons, members of the foster family.


The Sierra Leone civil war that ended in January 2002 was particularly brutal and left the country economically devastated. Four-and-a-half years later, Sierra Leone was selected as one of two countries to receive focussed attention from the newly created United Nations Peacebuilding Commission (PBC). The PBC is mandated to support post-conflict recovery and sustainable development with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including civil society. Drawing on field research and theories of sustainable peacebuilding and the role of civil society, this paper assesses the PBC's performance in Sierra Leone in its first year of operation. The article concludes that the PBC needs to clarify its priorities in relation to civil society participation in order to fulfil its potential to assist governments in promoting sustainable peace and development.


This paper presents a low dropout regulator (LDO) regulated DC-DC converter with suppressed voltage ripple and enhanced light load efficiency. In this proposed hybrid system, an adaptive dropout technique, where DC-DC converter takes the gate of LDO's power transistor as the feedback point to combine DC-DC converter and LDO in one control loop, is adopted to make LDO's dropout voltage adaptive to load current rather than fixed value. Owing to the cascaded LDO and the adaptive dropout technique, the hybrid system obtains a small voltage ripple with improved overall efficiency, especially in light load. The chip was implemented in 130 nm CMOS process. The voltage ripple is reduced to 3mV at the load current of 40mA. The overall efficiency of the proposed hybrid system is 60.74% in 30mA light load and is improved by 15.6% compared with conventional fixed dropout voltage architecture.


Brain image parcellation is an essential procedure in neural image analysis. Recently, deep learning methods, such as fully convolutional network (FCN), have shown high computational efficiency and good performance in brain image parcellation. In this paper, a new multi-atlas guided adversarial FCN is proposed to enhance the parcellation quality. The generative model in our method is an improved FCN which is integrated with brain atlases information and multi-level feature skip connection. The discriminative model is a convolutional neural network (CNN) with multi-scale l1 loss function. Comparing to most existing deep learning based brain image parcellation methods, which use voxel-wise loss function only (e.g., cross entropy), the discriminative model in our method considers multi-scale deep features to guide the parcellation. In the experiment, two public MR brain image datasets LONI LPBA40 and NIREP-NAO are used to evaluate our method. Evaluation results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both datasets.


Volume 1: The Character and Logical Method of Political Economy (1875) Volume 2: The Slave Power, Its Character, Career, and Probable Designs: Being an Attempt to Explain the Real Issues Involved in the American Contest Volume 3: Political Essays Volume 4: Essays in Political Economy: Theoretical and Applied Volume 5: Some Leading Principles of Political Economy Newly Expounded Volume 6: Uncollected Articles, Pamphlets, and Miscellaneous Writings


Based on the investigation and theoretical analysis on the development of biologic resource industry in Yunnan Province, the authors study the status quo and main existing problems of this newly arisen industry, and, by demonstrating the relation between the industry development and the venture investment, put forward some suggestions on the entrance paths and modes of venture investment into the industry, as well as on the operation of government funds and venture capital enterprises.


Based on the FASB's Conceptual Framework, we propose an accounting treatment for cap-and-trade emissions reduction programs, and compare it with current practice and alternative treatments being considered. Our proposal has the following elements: (i) At inception, firms recognize emission allowances received or purchased as an intangible, non-amortizable asset, measured at fair value. The offsetting credit for purchased allowances would be to cash or other assets; for allocated allowances, the offsetting credit would be to a current period gain. (ii) Firms accrue liabilities, at fair value, as they emit, with the offsetting debit to current period expense. (iii) After inception, both the asset and the liability are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value included in income. We then use transaction-level data from the U.S. SO2 program for 1993-2009 to empirically calibrate the effect that our proposed accounting treatment and alternative treatments would have had on 56 public U.S. companies' quarterly financial statements. We find that the differences in the accounting treatments generate significant differences in key financial indicators for firms, including the debt-equity ratio, return on assets, and volatility in net income. Finally, we examine the market's perception of the assets and liabilities generated under the SO2 program. We find that the market positively values the emission allowances carrying values recognized under the proposed and alternative treatments. In addition, we find that the market positively values the government grant recognized under one model in which the offsetting credit for allocated allowances is a government grant liability, rather than a current period gain.


Search queries issued over the Web increasingly look like questions, especially as the domain becomes more specific. Finding good response to such queries amounts to finding relevant passages from Web documents. Traditional information retrieval based Web search still matches the query to the words in the entire document. With the advent of machine reading comprehension techniques, Web search is moving more towards identifying the best sentence / group of sentences in the document. We present AQuPR an A ttention based Qu ery P assage R etrieval system to find human acceptable answer containing passages to technology queries issued over the Web. We train character level embeddings for the query and passage pairs, train a deep recurrent network with a novel simplified attention mechanism and incorporate additional signals present in Web documents to improve the performance of such a system. We collect a database of human issued queries along with their answer passages and learn an end to end system to enable automated query resolution. We present results for answering human issued search queries which show considerable promise against basic versions of current generation question answering systems.


Growth in crustaceans and other arthropods is interrupted by cyclical moults, in which the old cuticle or exoskeleton is shed, and in the intervening growth phases the soft tissue swells and a new elastic cuticle gradually thickens and hardens. Marine prawns, Penaeus monodon, from a commercial farm in northern Queensland, Australia, were studied alive to assess their growth and moulting stages. The median part of the setae of inner uropods was examined by light microscopy. A finely graded classification of five stages and substages of postmoult, stage A consisting of substages A1 and A2, and stage B (1-16 hours); intermoult, stage C (1 day); premoult, stage D consisting of substages D1, D2 and D3/D4 (2-12 days) and ecdysis, stage E (about one minute) are described and illustrated. Ecdysis took place at night. Rapid and repetitive moult staging in individual prawns can be carried out without sacrificing the prawns.


Objective To explore the observation and nursing of endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of children with chronic rhinosinusitis.Methods Fifty-four children under 14 years old with chronic rhinosinusitis were included in the study and they received functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Preoperative nursing,postoperative nursing,surgical cavity nursing and nursing of complications were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.Results In all 54 cases,51 cases were effectively cured with a cure rate of 94.4%,and there were no ocular or intracranial complications.The results of over one-year follow-up showed that systematic nursing promoted the restoration of physiological functions of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus mucosa,and it also reduced and prevented the complications,which was as important as the surgery itself.Conclusion Emphasis and reinforcement of postoperative nursing and surgical cavity nursing as well as regular follow-up can improve the cure rate of chronic rhinosinusitis in children.