Background: There is no ideal contraceptive method; therefore, likelihood of method choice shifts among clients from time to time. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the most chosen modern contraceptive method, and the factors influencing that choice among clients attending a relatively new tertiary health institution in Southwestern Nigerian. Methods: A retrospective review of the case records of clients attending the family planning clinic of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso, southwestern Nigeria, from January 2012 to December 2017. Results: Six hundred and twenty-nine clients accessed modern contraceptive methods during the study period. Their age ranged between 15 and 50 years with a mean of 33.0 ± 12.93. Most of the clients were married 616 (97.9%), had postsecondary education 405 (64.4%), and were of Christian faith 460 (73.1%). Progestogen-only injectable was the mostly chosen by the clients 228 (36.2%), and this is followed by intrauterine contraceptive device 186 (29.6%). Child spacing was the most common reason for contraception by the clients 357 (56.8%). Parity, postpartum contraception, previous contraceptive use, outcome of last delivery, mode of delivery of antecedent pregnancy, and educational status were all significantly associated with the mostly chosen method. Conclusion: Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive is the mostly chosen method among the clients, and this is a shift from what is obtained in southwestern Nigeria where intrauterine contraceptive device used to be the modern contraception method of choice.


This review is part of a series to be published in this journal having as the main objective to present and discusses the major characteristics of capillary liquid chromatography, cLC. Among the several aspects covered in the paper, the review includes its development process, the several proposed nomenclatures, the main advantages of cLC over its conventional counterpart termed High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and the instrumentation requirements to properly operates using this technique. The reasons why cLC is not yet a major universal routine analytical technique is also presented and discussed.


Correspondence Jacob B. Hughes, Idaho Power Company, ID, USA. Email: email@example.com Summary Markrecapture (M/R) surveys are a standard approach for monitoring White Sturgeon (WS) Acipenser transmontanus populations; however, they can be resourceintensive, may affect fish health, and often lack enough precision to detect population change reliably. Hydroacoustics surveys provide a nonintrusive method that is wellestablished in fisheries research, but have been applied relatively seldom to sturgeon populations. During 2016, an alternative method was tested for estimating WS abundance by using sidescan sonar within a 58km reach in the middle Snake River, Idaho, USA, and comparing the results to a standard M/R estimate. Using replicate count data within a NMixture model, the sonar method estimated a lower abundance with higher precision (153, 101–213 95% Bayesian credible interval) than that of M/R (219, 138–398 95% confidence interval). Relative to M/R, sidescan sonar took 75% fewer sampledays, exhibited overlapping abundance estimates, and provided similar sturgeon length distributions. These results suggest that sidescan sonar can provide a rapid and precise alternative to M/R for estimating sturgeon abundance.


Topological obstructions preclude the existence of a continuous state-feedback control law that globally asymptotically stabilizes the inverted equilibrium manifold of the 3D pendulum. Furthermore, memoryless discontinuous feedbacks are either unbounded or not robust to arbitrarily small measurement noise. In this paper, we propose a hybrid feedback that coordinates a "synergistic" family of potential functions and their gradient-based feedbacks to ensure global asymptotic stability of the inverted equilibrium manifold of the 3D pendulum. The hybrid scheme is robust to small perturbations including measurement noise, eliminates performance limitations of smooth state feedback, and obviates the need for large torques created by some non-smooth state-feedback control laws. We provide a brief simulation study to illustrate the efficacy of the method and compare it with a smooth feedback.


Bong Jik Kim, Yong-Hwi An, Jin-Woong Choi, Moo Kyun Park, Joong Ho Ahn, Seung Hwan Lee, Kyung Ho Park, Byung Chul Cheon, Byung Yoon Choi, Yang-Sun Cho, and Gyu Cheol Han Questionnaire Translation Committee of the Korean Audiological Society, Seoul; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan; and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eulji Hospital, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon; and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam; and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University of Medicine & Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea


The situation that has emerged recently as the mid-priced urban drainage tunnel blockage and maintenance costs are reduced tunnel functions as a measure of the stability problem in the numerical analysis in this study a three-dimensional numerical analysis of seepage analysis results permeability weep hole the smaller the tunnel periphery showed that the pore pressure is increased, the permeability coefficient was estimated based on the amount of data inversion weep hole blocked the delivery of a measured result in the destination tunnel, 1×10 -5 m/s∼1×10 -6m /s was found in the range. Seepage analysis in accordance with the length and spacing of the longer the weep hole result to the length, the smaller the interval is increased to a multiple capacity exhibited reduced tunnel portion side wall Heaven, and pore pressure, to prevent a phenomenon in which the residual pressure is increased weep hole clogging suppression is important.


A sintered compound is formed by pressing a semiconductor chip to a substrate while a dried sintered material is located between the substrate and the semiconductor chip, wherein the dried sintered material sintered particles and a solvent. The substrate is heated to a temperature below the sintering temperature of the dried sintered material, while the semiconductor chip is pressed against the substrate to form local sintered connections between adjacent sintered particles. The local sintering compounds form a stable compound which fixes the semiconductor die prior to sintering to the substrate. Then, a sintered connection between the semiconductor chip and the substrate from the dried sintered material is formed after the stable compound is formed.


We apply the covariant derivative expansion of the Coleman-Weinberg potential to vector-like fermion models, matching the UV theory to the relevant dimension-6 operators in the standard model effective field theory. The γ matrix induced complication in the fermionic covariant derivative expansion is studied in detail, and all the contributing combinations are enumerated. From this analytical result we also provide numerical constraints for a generation of vector-like quarks and vector-like leptons.


There is an impressive amount of scholarship on the broad topic of multiculturalism and minority rights in Canada. A significant number of researchers have explored central issues related to our federal system, nationalism and nation-building, Aboriginal selfdetermination and religious or cultural accommodations. Key works—such as Charles Taylor's 'The politics of recognition' (1994), James Tully's Strange Multiplicity (1995) and Will Kymlicka's Multicultural Citizenship (1995)—have gone on to shape research agendas and global debates on citizenship and democracy in diverse societies. An influential counter scholarship has also emerged. It refutes the dominant interpretations of the state's successes in dealing with minority rights-claims and accommodations—see, for example, Gerald Kernerman's Multicultural Nationalism (2006) or Rita Dhamoon's Identity/Difference Politics (2009). Stéphanie Chouinard's article—'The rise of non-territorial autonomy in Canada: towards a doctrine of institutional completeness in the domain of minority language rights' (2014)—engages with this scholarship on two fronts. She first explores the case of Canada's francophone minority communities (FMCs)—the close to one million French-speakers living in provinces and territories outside Québec. As an increasing number of researchers have noted over the past few years, these minorities have been rendered invisible in the scholarship on multiculturalism and minority rights in Canada (Thériault et al., 2008, p. 22; Cardinal & Hidalgo, 2012, p. 55; Poirier, 2012, pp. 67–68). Second, Chouinard also introduces the seldom-used notion of non-territorial autonomy (NTA) to examine the claims of FMCs as well as state responses to their claims. She aims to show that NTA has emerged in Canada through the equivalent notion of institutional completeness. I divide my comments on Chouinard's article into two main parts and a conclusion. I begin by discussing her original thesis—the contention that FMCs have claimed NTA


The compounds, which extracted from Equisetum arvense, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Rosa maximowicziana Regel and Physalis alkekengi, were selected to determine the content of flavonoids and polysaccharides by a visible light spectrophotometry, and the antioxidant activity was determined by a chemical method. The results showed that the content of flavonoids in our compounds was 0.204 mg/g and the polysaccharides was 2.498 mg/g. In scavenging experiments, the levels of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion were lower compared with negative control, but the levels were still higher than positive control. The ability to scavenge superoxide anion was more powerful than hydroxyl radicals. This determined that our compound preparation extract have the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion.


In a reconfigurable battery pack, the connections among cells can be changed during operation to form different configurations. This can lead a battery, a passive two-terminal device, to a smart battery that can reconfigure itself according to the requirement to enhance operational performance. Several hardware architectures with different levels of complexities have been proposed. Some researchers have used existing hardware and demonstrated improved performance on the basis of novel optimization and scheduling algorithms. The possibility of software techniques to benefit the energy storage systems is exciting, and it is the perfect time for such methods as the need for high-performance and long-lasting batteries is on the rise. This novel field requires new understanding, principles, and evaluation metrics of proposed schemes. In this article, we systematically discuss and critically review the state of the art. This is the first effort to compare the existing hardware topologies in terms of flexibility and functionality. We provide a comprehensive review that encompasses all existing research works, starting from the details of the individual battery including modeling and properties as well as fixed-topology traditional battery packs. To stimulate further research in this area, we highlight key challenges and open problems in this domain.


The durability of an automatic transmission is greatly affected by the ATF(automatic transmission fluid) flow behaviors inside the transmission. However, it is very difficult to exactly estimate the flow rates of ATF at each part of automatic transmission, because of its structural complexities especially when it is under the operating conditions. This computational study by commercial software, Fluent on axial cavity flow behaviors of ATF through the hollow main shaft simulates the discharge flow rates through the oil hole when it is under the operating conditions. ATF horizontally enters into the hollow main shaft by the oil pump and discharges through the oil holes into open air under the rotating conditions. Oil supply flow rate, supply pressure, rotational speed of shaft and magnitude of oil hole diameter are varied in the simulation. Under the variations of these parameters, flow rates through the oil holes are investigated. This study is believed to be the start point for the optimal design of the lubricating system in the automatic transmission.


Devices, systems and methods of the present invention one or more physiologically by subcutaneous infusion pump (subcutaneous infusion pump) and, and percutaneous measurement device (percutaneous measurement device) to control the drug delivery in the patient remotely by the drug infusion pump, such as It is provided to control the monitoring of the analyte fluid (physiological fluid analytes) remotely. The system of the invention includes a pharmaceutical injection pump and the injection pump and / or (Pocket) Small for remote control of the measuring device "fob (fob)". In addition to the remote control of the insulin pump and the measurement device, the fob provides blood chemistry data, and aggregate data (consolidation) of insulin delivery data in over a time of the predetermined period, and immediately search and subsequent retrieval by the user or doctor (immediate It maintains the data to the integrated and later retrieval). The method of the present invention, the user's current or substantially by including in the current blood chemistry evaluation value and / or correction, or estimating the anticipated and / or actual carbohydrate intake of the user, Russ (bolus) user insulin ball transfer protocol, That view must be calculated and optimization of Russ volume and duration of delivery.


The accuracy of water consumption prediction has a direct effect on the practicality of optimal operation and control in a water distribution network system. In this paper, Support Vector Machine (SVM) was applied to conduct simulation training for hourly water consumption data (over a period of 11 months) which had been processed by fuzzy information granulation method, and water consumption for the following month was predicted. First, the maximum hourly water consumption was extracted from the previous 11 months' water consumption. Then every seven data (a week) were transformed to a triangle fuzzy particle. Three parameters of the triangle fuzzy particle, Low, R, and Up, were defined as the minimum change (Low), the average change (R) and the maximum change (Up) of the maximum water consumption during one week. Finally, SVM was used to predict these 3 parameters and the maximum hourly water consumption. In order to solve the SVM, problems occurred while adjusting related parameters, and optimization selection via genetic algorithm was proposed. The results in actual application indicated that this model had faster speed, higher precision and practicality.


DESPITE CONSIDERABLE ORGANIZATIONAL, TECHNOlogical, and pharmacological advancements in the treatment of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and even with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the efficacy of reperfusion is still suboptimal, mortality remains high, and novel therapeutic interventions are needed. Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) was first used to treat cardiogenic shock in 1968; since then, it has been used in various clinical conditions to provide mechanical cardiac assistance. Use of IABC is associated with immediate hemodynamic effects leading to increased diastolic pressure, increased coronary perfusion pressure, and reduced left ventricular afterload. In the setting of STEMI, left ventricular unloading by IABC may prevent early infarct extension and ventricular remodeling. Experimental studies have shown that IABC reduces infarct size. Currently, IABC is widely used in patients with STEMI complicated by cardiogenic shock. In addition, IABC has been used as a circulatory support in PCI procedures for patients at high risk for hemodynamic instability such as those with complex coronary lesions, post-MI refractory angina, and severely compromised left ventricular function as well as an intervention in the last remaining vessel and in unprotected left main coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, the issue of IABC use during high-risk PCI procedures or in STEMI remains controversial. The report of the Counterpulsation to Reduce Infarct Size Pre-PCI Acute Myocardial Infarction (CRISP AMI) trial by Patel and colleagues in this issue of JAMA helps to clarify this controversy. CRISP AMI was an open-label, multicenter randomized controlled trial that included 337 patients with STEMI involving the anterior wall who presented within 6 hours of chest pain onset and without cardiogenic shock. Patients were randomly assigned to receive IABC, which was placed prior to PCI and was continued for at least 12 hours, or primary PCI alone. The primary outcome of the trial was infarct size measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The mean infarct size (estimated a median of 4 days after the onset of symptoms) was 42.1% of the left ventricle in patients assigned to IABC plus PCI and 37.5% of the left ventricle in the patients assigned to PCI alone (P=.06), showing no benefit with IABC. No significant differences between the IABC plus PCI group and the PCI alone group were observed regarding clinical end points. The authors concluded that the routine use of IABC in patients with anterior wall STEMI without cardiogenic shock does not lead to a reduction in infarct size or to an improvement in clinical outcomes at 6 months. Autopsy studies have shown that cardiogenic shock is generally associated with loss of 40% or more of the left ventricular mass, and the association between necrosis of 40% or more and the development of cardiogenic shock has been accepted in the field of cardiology during the last 40 years. Therefore, the finding in the CRISP AMI trial that the mean infarct size estimated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was 40% and patients were hemodynamically stable at presentation seems surprising. Moreover, infarct size was recorded after primary PCI, a reperfusion strategy that leads to an average salvage index (proportion of area at risk salvaged by reperfusion) of about 50% according to studies with serial measurements of both the initial area at risk and the final infarct size after reperfusion. Based on the T2weighted imaging obtained from the single magnetic resonance imaging study performed after reperfusion, the authors computed a mean salvage index of 35%. Although the reasons underlying these findings remain largely unclear, possible explanations include an overestimation of infarct size by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, premature timing of imaging at a point when the recovery of myocardial perfusion is not complete, or dissociation of the link between myocardial necrosis and the development of cardiogenic shock in the contemporary era of STEMI care. Five previous randomized trials have assessed the role of IABC in patients with AMI without cardiogenic shock. However, neither these trials nor the CRISP AMI trial were sufficiently powered for the evaluation of clinical outcomes with IABC, with only 21 deaths among 518 patients in the IABC groups and 21 deaths among 536 patients in the control groups across the studies.


Members of the Co-ordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM) agreed to disband this 'economic arm of NATO' as of March 1994. Despite the demise of COCOM, member states agreed to continue applying their existing export control policies and, in December 1995, replaced COCOM with the Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies. Such actions are in contrast to conventional views about a likely decline in co-operation among COCOM members with the end of the Soviet threat. After providing a brief history of COCOM operations, we derive six categories of multilateral co-operative behaviours and assess evidence for COCOM in each category for two five-year periods, 1985–89 and 1990–94. We find that multilateral co-operation in this security institution not only increased in most categories in the last years of the Cold War, but increased in every category after 1989. We then review the possible explanations for the increase in co-operation, and find that the emergence of a liberal community identity among COCOM members explains this outcome better than more conventional theoretical approaches.


This paper studies competitive equilibria in economies characterized by the presence of asymmetric information, where non-exclusive contracts with payoffs dependent on the agents' private information are traded on competitive markets. For such economies competitive equilibria may not exist with linear prices. We show that (non-trivial) competitive equilibria exist, under general conditions, with two part tariffs, i.e. if the cost of trading each contract consists of an entry fee and a linear component in the quantity traded.


Using spectroscopic data, we support the possibility of suprathermal distributions of coronal ions by fitting the equivalent kappa functions to their emission line profiles. We fit different kappa and Gaussian model functions to line profiles of the strong Fe xv line at 284.16 Angstroms, across two large-field spectroscopic rasters taken in a solar active region. Both single- and double-component Gaussian models are applied, as well as two kappa models, one with a free width parameter allowing for and the other with a constrained width that precludes "microturbulence". We then compare the goodness of fit of the computed best fits for each model. The kappa distribution is a generalization, or superset, of the Maxwellian, so they are able to fit line profiles more precisely than a Gaussian. In most of the data, the best-fit kappa model produces much lower residuals across the profile than any single Gaussian and sometimes double Gaussian. Most importantly, the distribution of estimated kappa values is found to lie mostly in the low-kappa range, implying ion populations far from Maxwellian. Even when the width is removed as a free parameter of fit, the kappa model is still able to fit the data credibly, again with low best-fit values of kappa. We find the shape of the Fe xv line, in the vast majority of the data analyzed, to be indicative of a highly suprathermal ion population.


Some scholar indicated the leadership factors contribute to the success of sister city cooperation. However, research on the extent of its contribution is still limited. To fill this gap, an investigation of leadership factors was carried out through in-depth interviews with key actors who played a role and were directly involved during the process of sister city cooperation. This study examines the mechanism of local leaders which succeeded in building and implementing sister city cooperation to solve city problems. We found that local leaders designed sister city project or activities according to local needs and characteristics by involving academics and local communities, maintained and developed cooperation consistently and continuously by forming sister city management team, and encouraged community collective action to implement sister city cooperation through direct communication and incentives. The results of this study enrich the knowledge of leadership roles in city management and provide lesson learned for leaders of cities in the world.


About 25% of adults in the United States have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which often accompanies abdominal obesity. Blood biomarkers of linoleic acid (LA), an essential omega-6 fatty acid, are inversely associated with visceral adipose tissue, liver fat, and the risk of NAFLD. To our knowledge, the effect of increasing dietary LA on ectopic fat in the liver and visceral adipose tissue in adults with NAFLD while maintaining weight has not been investigated. The objective of the Weight, Energy, Lipids and the Liver (WELL) study is to determine the impact of dietary LA-rich soybean oil on ectopic liver fat and visceral adipose tissue in adults with NAFLD.

 In this 16-week parallel arm randomized control trial, 58 adults with NAFLD will be randomly assigned to consume 3 study foods per day made with either 10g of soybean oil each or 10g of palm oil each (30g of oil per day). Prior to randomization, participants will complete a 2-week run-in period to become acclimated by consuming 3 study foods per day, each delivering 10 g of an oil mixture (safflower oil and shortening in a 3.4:1 ratio). Participants will receive counseling from a registered dietitian to incorporate the study foods into their diets while maintaining their body weight. Self-reported study food consumption will be collected daily. Body weight will be measured every two weeks. Dietary intake and physical activity will be assessed through 24 hour recalls. Fasting blood will be collected every two weeks to measure fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides and markers of inflammation and glycemia. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) will be used to assess liver and visceral fat before and after the 16-week randomized intervention period. Additionally, postprandial cholesterol, triglycerides and markers of inflammation and glycemia will be measured before and after the randomized intervention period.

 We hypothesize that consumption of the study foods made with LA-rich soybean oil (30g/day) will result in a reduction in hepatic ectopic fat and visceral adipose tissue, without altering body weight.

 Reducing liver fat and visceral adipose tissue through consumption of a LA-rich soybean oil may ultimately lead to improved cardiometabolic outcomes for adults with NAFLD.

 The United Soybean Board.


Confessions of a Shopaholic(2001), a novel written by the UK author Sophie Kinsella, narrates a single young woman's obsession for shopping.The female character, Becky is obsessed with shopping and lifestyles that she cannot afford.Most things she buys are intended for body adornment, which is very much related to her self-esteem in the social and professional circles she want to belong to.She thinks that all the things she buys are essential weapons to raise her market value.At the same time she also treats the men as commodities.In this novel, the bodies are treated as one of the commodities in a consumer culture that can be "bought and sold" with specific values attached to them by the cultures that share the values.


Objective To explore the effects of the oxidant/autioxidant imbalance on ventilator associated lung injury(Vau),by observing the expressions of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase(γ-GCS)and transforming growth factor-β_1(TGF-β_1)mRNA and protein during mechanical different ventilation with different tidal volumes in rats.Method Twenty-four male W istar rats were randomly(random number)divided into three groups:control group,low tidal volume group and high tidal volume group,n=8,respectively.The levels of MDA in lung tissue and blood were measured.Immunohistochemical staining and molecular hybridization in situ were employed to determine the expression levels of γ-GCS mRNA and TGF-β_1 mRNA,and protein level in lung tissue.ANOVA(SNK-q)was used to compare difference in groups,and the correlation analysis was carried out.Statistical difference was defined as P<0.05.Results Compared with control group and low tidal volume group,the levels of MDA in lung tissue and blood,and expressions of TGF-β_1 mRNA and protein level in high tidal volume group were significantly higher(P<0.01),with the expressions of γ-GCS mRNA decreased(P<0.01).There was no significant difference between low tidal volume group and control group(P>0.05).There was a obviously negative correlation between expressions of R-GCS,TGF-β_1 mRNA and protein level in high tidal volume group(r=-0.96 and-0.85,respectively,P<0.01).Conclusions The high expression of TGF-β_1 mRNA and high protein level,low expression of γ-GCS and reduction of GSH can be induced by high tidal volume ventilation,leading to the imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant system,which is one of the most imporlant causes in Vau.

Key words:
Mechanical ventilation; Lung injury; γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase; Trans-forming growth factor-β_1


The main factors of labor movements, mainly in Eastern Europe, are considered in this paper. The influence of economic indicators and peculiarities of economic development of the countries of the region in the current migration situation in Europe as a whole has been studied. The analysis of the migration policy of the countries of the European Union and individual countries is performed. The main tendencies of migration flows of the population in the region and separate countries of Eastern Europe are revealed. General migration problems as an integrational form of the existence of modern economies of the countries are summarized.


This paper makes a detailed analysis of the integrated mining algorithm, analyzes the characteristics of curriculum big data, and analyzes the existing problems of the current association rule mining algorithm, as well as the defects and deficiencies when applied to the curriculum data. Aiming at the problem of mining the entire data set by the mining algorithm, this topic proposes the idea of using the K-means algorithm for clustering processing and uses the Ball-tree structure on the basis of the original K-means algorithm to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. The data set is separated into several clusters of an appropriate number. In the flipped classroom, the basic knowledge is put before the class for learning, and the further deepening and practical application of language knowledge is completed in the class. Teachers can give timely guidance when encountering unsolvable difficulties so that students' learning can be more effective. This new teaching model not only strengthens students' confidence in learning and increases their interest in learning, but also increases the opportunities for students to interact with teachers and classmates in the classroom, allowing them to construct the meaning of knowledge in the fun of interactive communication. The classroom has become relaxed, lively, and attractive, and students' sense of autonomy, self-learning ability, and collaborative inquiry ability have also been unknowingly improved. Among the main factors, the willingness to flip, emotional state, leadership role, and online learning input have a significant positive impact on collaborative learning performance, and the sense of competition has a partial negative impact on collaborative learning performance, of which positively affecting individual knowledge mastery. Among the nonmain factors, the degree of difficulty of the course, teacher-student interaction, teacher motivation, and evaluation mechanism have a significant positive impact on collaborative learning performance. Classroom assistive technology has a partial negative impact on collaborative learning performance. From the perspective of group performance, group-level performance considerations such as the quality of group conversations and the degree of group knowledge sharing in collaborative learning performance are more affected by nonsubject factors.


In this study we examined procedures for assessing model-data fit of item response theory (IRT) models for mixed format data. The model fit indices used in this study include PARSCALE's G2, Orlando and Thissen's S − X2 and S − G2, and Stone's χ2* and G2*. To investigate the relative performance of the fit statistics at the item level, we conducted two simulation studies: Type I error and power studies. We evaluated the performance of the item fit indices for various conditions of test length, sample size, and IRT models. Among the competing measures, the summed score-based indices S − X2 and S − G2 were found to be the sensible and efficient choice for assessing model fit for mixed format data. These indices performed well, particularly with short tests. The pseudo-observed score indices, χ2* and G2*, showed inflated Type I error rates in some simulation conditions. Consistent with the findings of current literature, the PARSCALE's G2 index was rarely useful, although it provided reasonable results for long tests.


We examined decomposition and nutrient dynamics in fresh litter and net N mineralization in old litter to deter - mine (i) if forest floor is a source of available nutrients in mid-rotation loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) stands and (ii) the effect of site preparation and vegetation control on forest floor nutrient dynamics. Four types of fresh litter were decom - posed in situ in mesh bags: two containing only pine (differing by history of stand management) and two pine-hardwood mixes (ratios 1:5 and 5:1). Litter bags were recovered every May and October for 26 months. Litter type, in particular the presence and amount of leaves, affected decomposition and nutrient dynamics in fresh litter. After 26 months, all fresh lit - ters lost 55% of mass; decay rate constants were 0.43 (needles) to 0.60 year -1 (leaves). Pine (1) and pine (2) and needles in mix 1:5 immobilized N. Almost all fresh litters also immobilized P. After 26 months of decay, N and P pools sug- gested an accumulation in the needles of 0.7-2.7 kg N·ha -1 and 0.2-0.5 kg P·ha -1 and mineralization of 1.1-3.7 kg N·ha -1 in mix 5:1 needles and mix 1:5 leaves. All fresh litters mineralized K, Ca, and Mg. Old litter was incubated in situ in capped polyvinyl chloride containers from May to November. Monthly rates of net N mineralization in old litter were de- termined in KCl extracts of NH4 + and NO3 - . Net N mineralization in old litter was 0.75-1.5 kg N·ha -1 per 6 months and


: More than a billion intelligent, connected devices already comprise today"s "Internet of Things". IoT is bringing more and more things into the digital fold every day, which will likely make IoT a multitrillion dollar industry in the near future. However the rapid evolution of IoT market has caused an urgent need for secure IoT model. In this paper we discuss the current architecture of IoT which is based on centralized model and its inability to provide security to IoT devices. We simultaneously propose architecture of IoT ecosystem based on Block chain model. A Block chain is a type of distributed ledger, comprised of unchangeable, digitally recorded data in packages called blocks (rather like collating them on to a single sheet of paper). Each block is then "chained" to the next block, using a cryptographic signature. This allows block chains to be used like a ledger, which can be shared and accessed by anyone with the appropriate permissions. This decentralized implementation coupled with encryption can provide us the missing link to settle scalability, privacy, reliability and security concerns in the Internet of Things.


"The law is very much concerned with continuity and predictability; consequently it inevitably seeks to draw analogies between a new innovation and existing doctrine."


To develop a method to correct for geometric distortions in non‐Cartesian echo planar imaging using data acquired in a fast prescan.


Germanium films were deposited on GaAs (100) substrates with or without an epiready surface oxide at temperatures between room temperature (RT) and 500 °C using an ultrahigh‐vacuum e‐beam deposition system. The film at 100 °C on a substrate with a surface oxide had a flat absorption curve over the wave‐number range investigated, 500–4000 cm−1, with an absorption of less than 10/cm at 1000 cm−1 (10 μm wavelength). Films deposited at RT and 50 °C on substrates with a surface oxide had comparable low absorption, but they contained an absorption peak at 830 cm−1 associated with the Ge—O bonds. Although all three films were amorphous, the films deposited at the lower temperatures were more porous. This enabled oxygen to percolate in from the atmosphere to form the Ge—O bonds. The films deposited at 150 °C and above on substrates with a surface oxide and at 100 °C with the surface oxide removed thermally in situ prior to deposition the Ge films, and the single crystal films deposited at 400 and 500 °C on oxide‐...


This chapter on prevention of postpartum disorders reviews the factors that can decrease the risks of developing a postpartum psychiatric disorder. The primary risk for postpartum or perinatal depression is a personal history of depression during or after a previous pregnancy. Maintenance during pregnancy of treatment for a pre-existing mental health disorder is essential. Building support networks is also important. Ensuring good health practices during the postpartum such as getting adequate exercise, eating well, and exposure to light can all be helpful. Sleep is an important component in reducing risks. Working with a partner who can help with some overnight bottle feeding can also be very beneficial.


suggesting intervention is needed. Abstract Objective: To examine the feasibility of a brief intervention to reduce instances of indulgent energy intake. Methods: Forty-five participants with a BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 were randomised to one of three groups for eight weeks. The control group was asked to complete a questionnaire every four days, the self-monitoring group was given the same instructions but also asked to "Say No" to indulgences. The self-monitoring and feedback group was asked to do the same but in addition to send a photograph or description of that to which they had 'said no' and were then provided with feedback. All participants reported on indulgences for seven days prospectively at baseline and eight-week follow-up. Results: The follow-up rate was 80%; completion of questionnaires was 63% and 87 text messages were sent. The control group reduced their indulgences by 4.1 (SD 10.0), the self-monitoring group by 13.8 (SD 16.8) and self-monitoring and feedback 11.7) per week. All bar one, feasibility progression criteria were met and this was the return of the indulgence diaries during the intervention period. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the feasibility of a brief intervention to reduce the number of indulgences people ate. The progression criteria were met and areas of improvement are highlighted.


This thesis deals with demonstration of interconnecting several systems and aggregation of selected data into a new system. The first part of the thesis focuses on general description of the subject and chosen potential solutions as well as evaluating these solutions. Descriptions of the exemplary systems and the proposed solution are done next. Conclusion evaluates the created solution.


Brief analysis on the ice storage technology and the cooling load characteristics in the subway station;Accordingly compare different operation modes of the ice storage system and draw some conclusion;Bring up some potential problems of the ice storage technology utilized in the subway station and suggest some solutions.


We discuss from a theoretical viewpoint the required advances in material technology and device structures needed to continue the rapid development of photonic circuit spatial integration density.


In the article the solution of urgent scientific and technical problem is considered the development of technology of hardening thermal treatment of railroad wheels.


Two new genera, endemic in southwestern Africa, are diagnosed: Prototrupes, for Bolboceras copridoides Kolbe (type-species) and Bolboceras kochi Paulian; Namibiotrupes for Namibiotrupes penrithae sp. nov. The species of Prototrupes are keyed, illustrated, and some new material is recorded. Namibiotrupes penrithae from the Namib Desert Park is described and illustrated. The two genera are characterized by enlarged antennal clubs.


Spectral methods refer to the use of eigenvalues, eigenvectors, singular values, and singular vectors. They are widely used in Engineering, Applied Mathematics, and Statistics. More recently, spectral methods have found numerous applications in Computer Science to "discrete" as well as "continuous" problems. This monograph describes modern applications of spectral methods, and novel algorithms for estimating spectral parameters. In the first part of the monograph, we present applications of spectral methods to problems from a variety of topics including combinatorial optimization, learning, and clustering. The second part of the monograph is motivated by efficiency considerations. A feature of many modern applications is the massive amount of input data. While sophisticated algorithms for matrix computations have been developed over a century, a more recent development is algorithms based on "sampling on the fly" from massive matrices. Good estimates of singular values and low-rank approximations of the whole matrix can be provably derived from a sample. Our main emphasis in the second part of the monograph is to present these sampling methods with rigorous error bounds. We also present recent extensions of spectral methods from matrices to tensors and their applications to some combinatorial optimization problems.


Background: Respectful and compassionate care is a holistic, non-judgmental, empathetic, respectful and empowering concept of quality of healthcare. In Ethiopia, a significant proportion of health professionals see patients as just 'cases' and do not show compassion. This study assessed respectful and compassionate healthcare service and associated factors in public Hospitals in East Hararghe Zone in Ethiopia. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 clients visiting maternity care units in three public hospitals at East Hararghe Zone in Eastern Ethiopia from February 23 April 24, 2020. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data from participants through face to face interview. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the level of compassionate health care and the characteristics of participants. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% CI were used to report association and significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 417 (98.6%) participants were involved in the study. Two hundred ninety-nine (71.7%) participants received disrespect and abusive maternity care (95% CI: 66.9%, 76.0%). Age ≥ 45 years (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 0.37, 3.86), formal education (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.81), Abnormal delivery (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.87) and Staying in facility (AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.76, 4.63) significantly associated with disrespect and abusive care. Conclusion and Recommendation: Overall level of disrespect and abuse was common. Family monthly income, number of ANC visit, length of stay and type of health facility were some of factors associated with disrespect and abuse. High prevalence of disrespect and abuse in maternity care at health facilities calls for strengthened action to provide quality of maternity care for all childbearing mothers. Further facility based research in both urban and rural area will be needed.


This book provides practical guidance to plan, organize, and run a teaching skills program for medical residents. Readers will find that Part Two offers exact materials for course use, including modules for use with paediatric residents, teaching clinical procedures, works rounds, and role play, plus evaluation forms that can be used as written or customized to fit a particular program.


Concept formation programs aim to produce a high yield of conceptswhich are considered interesting. One intelligent way to do this is to base a new concept on one or more concepts which are already known to be interesting. This requires a concrete notion of the 'interestingness' of a particular concept. Restricting the concepts formed to mathematical definitions in finite group theory, we derive three measures of the interestingness of a concept. These measures are based on how much the concept improves a classification of finite groups.


The information technology is currently adopted to solve the problems that arise in administrative work management in local governments. However, the solutions through the adoption of information technology may create even more unexpected problems; a difficulties of data sharing, overlapping investment and unefficiency of investment etc. This study proposes information-promoting strategies to solve these problems with references to actual cases in Korea, the Land Management Information System (LMIS). In this study, strategies for informatization are approached from the viewpoint of the relationship among the subjects, the objects and the measures in the informatization process. Regarding the subjects of the informatization process, personnel with professional knowledge and ability required for working with information technology must be secured in each field. Regarding the objects of informatization, processes that produce or manage data, which are already shared in other processes, are given top priority. To achieve efficient informatization process, a technology capable of executing related work must be adopted. Technology should establish information infrastructures for local governments by combining various data.


ABSTRACT Trichomonads, together with diplomonads and microsporidia, emerge at the base of the eukaryotic tree, on the basis of the small subunit rRNA phylogeny. However, phylogenies based on protein sequences such as tubulin are markedly different with these protists emerging much later. We have investigated 70 kDa heat‐shock protein (HSP70), which could be a reliable phylogenetic marker. In eukaryotes, HSP70s are found in cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts). In Trichomonas vaginalis we identified nine different HSP70‐encoding genes and sequenced three nearly complete cDNAs corresponding to cytosolic, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial‐type HSP70. Phylogenies of eukaryotes were reconstructed using the classical methods while varying the number of species and characters considered. Almost all the undoubtedly monophyletic groups, defined by ultrastructural characters, were recovered. However, due to the long branch attraction phenomenon, the evolutionary rates were the main factor determining the position of species, even with the use of a close outgroup, which is an important advantage of HSP70 with respect to many other markers. Numerous variable sites are peculiar to Trichomonas and probably generated the artefactual placement of this species at the base of the eukaryotes or as the sister group of fast‐evolving species. The inter‐phyla relationships were not well supported and were sensitive to the reconstruction method, the number of species, and the quantity of information used. This lack of resolution could be explained by the very rapid diversification of eukaryotes. likely after the mitochondrial endosymbiosis.


On July 18, 2013, Detroit became the largest municipality to seek protection under Chapter 9 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. This article describes several ways in which Detroit's bankruptcy filing has the potential to alter some of the key assumptions of municipal bond (muni) finance, and examines the market reaction to date.


Procedures have been developed for estimating cystine content of proteins by reducing disulfide bonds with mercaptoethanol and selectively alkylating the generated sulfhydryl groups with 4-vinylpyridine or 2-vinylquinoline. 4-Vinylpyridine reacts with cysteine to produce S-,B-(4-pyridylethyl)cysteine (Pe-cysteine), which can be determined in protein hydrolysates either by ion-exchange chromatography or ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Pecysteine cannot be determined spectrophotometrically in the intact protein, since the absorp-


It is hoped that this article may a f ford some addit ional informat ion or insight to those who are dai ly involved wi th the subject matter, and those whose activities are centered elsewhere wi l l at least receive an introduct ion to land and leasing in the Four Corners area. LAND OWNERSHIP For the purpose of this paper let us consider the area discussed as that encompassed by a 125-mile radius from the four-state intersection, a l low ing certain l iberalit ies for pract ical i ty. W h o owns the oi l and gas rights in this large area? Most often you w i l l f ind one or more of many governments entering and dominat ing the picture. The rtiost singularly conspicuous landowner is the Indian, whose affairs are administered by the Federal Government's Bureau of Ind ian Affairs. Wi th in the area are the Navajos, Consolidated Utes, Jicari l la Apaches, Zunis, Hopis and Pueblo Tribes. Among them about 20,000,00 acres, or 33,000 square miles of ownership are accounted for . INDIAN Navajo The Navajos hold in excess of 15,000,00 acres, and their reservation accounts for roughly three-fourths of the to ta l o f Indian lands in the area. To date -the Navajo Tribe has let oi l and gas leases on about 720,000 acres and has realized $18,000,000.00 as a result o f oi l and gas development. A l l revenue so realized goes for t r ibal expenditures and is not parcel led-out per capita among the estimated 66,000 on the reservation census. The or ig inal Navajo Reservation was set aside by treaty negot iated in June of 1868 at Fort Sumner, New Mexico. Since that date the reservation has been al tered by Executive Orders, resulting in an overal l increase of approximately 11,000,00 acres. Utes The history of Ute lands has been one of the other extreme. In 1868, when Congress established the Ute Indian Reservation in Colorado, their holdings comprised, very roughly, the western third of the state. In a series of mult i-mil l ion acre transactions, this land was ceded back to the United States in consideration^ for cash to be deposited to the credit o f the Utes. Much cash was so credited, but a vast amount of the land was given away under the Homestead Act. The Federal Government's action was the subject of l i t igat ion which resulted in d settlement of $33,000,000.00, one of the largest claims ever a l lowed. The Consol idated Ute Reservation is comprised o f approx imate ly 800,000zyxwvutsrponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA acres, mostly in t e extreme southwest port ion of the State of Colorado, wi th about five and one-hal f townships in New Mexico. The Ute Mountain Utes occupy the western port ion of the reservat ion and hold 533,886 acres; the Southern Utes hold the eastern 309,548 acres. The former are considered to favor t r ibal or community ownership, whi le the latter have a tendency to prefer al lotments or individual ownership. This has resulted in the use of the $33,000,000.00 referred to above, for the f inancing of an extensive consolidated rehabi l i tat ion program, whi le most of the current t r ibal income is parcelled out per capita. There is a lack of cumulative tota l income figures for the Utes because of ear ly leasing and development; however, figures for the two years 1953 and 1954, though not representative, are indicative of income from these sources. In those years the Utes received roughly $4,680,300.00 in bonuses, $360,700 .00 in rentals and $497,350.00 in royalties. Most of this money was parcel led out a t the rate of close to $1,500.00 per Indian each year. Jicarilla Apaches Perhaps the least peaceful of tribes in the past, the Jicarillas had their first reservation set aside in 1874. This or ig inal reservation contained about one-hal f mil l ion acres in the northern port ion of the San Juan Basin of New Mexico. It was taken away two years later as a result of continued hostil ity of other tribes of Apaches. The same cycle was repeated in 1880. Finally the necessity of a reservation for the Jicarillas was recognized, and in 1884, by Executive Order, a port ion of the present reservation was set aside. It was extended in 1908 to its present size of 741,282 acres, a relatively large reservation for the 1,098 Indians l iving there. Presently 424,809 acres of the reservation are under lease, from which the tribe has realized approximately $8,000,00.00. Aside from allotments of about $1,800.00 per capita — roughly $2,000,000.00 — this money is still on the tr ibal books for tr ibal expenditures. Hopi-Zuni


This dissertation presents new techniques designed to speed up the execution of computer programs by improving their memory locality. Locality is an important property for today''s machines, because it hides the relatively high latency of computer memories. .pp Our techniques change the layout of multidimensional arrays by applying data transformations. We unify data transformations with code transformations which change the order of execution of loop nests. We solve related problems which would have been obstacles to the practical use of our techniques: we show how to detect and reduce array overlapping and how to recover structure from linearized arrays. Our optimizations reduce the execution times of sequential, scientific benchmarks by up to 50% over what is possible with previous techniques. Parallel programs are improved by as much as a factor of four. .pp In addition to implementing our techniques in a standard, off-line, compiler, we adapt our optimizations to Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation. The JIT translation becomes very important with the increasing popularity of mobile technologies such as Java. We argue that new, faster algorithms are needed in that context. We propose a collection of fast, approximate compiler techniques for data transformations and show that they are effective for Java programs.


This paper analyses the relationship between perpendicular distribution of pollutants and weather condition The results show that the density of SO 2 don't vary with height The density of NO X has obvious variety with different height For example, the density of low level is higher than middle level or high level in zhichunlu But the density of NO X in panjiayuan is opposite When it has no synoptic system to control and it has typical mountain-valley wind in a day, the density of SO 2 or NO X in different level are showed a change with peak and valley The density in working day is higher 50 percentage than the density in Saturday or Sunday


ABSTRACT δ-shock model is one of the widely studied shock models in reliability. Under this model, the system fails when the time between two consecutive shocks falls below a fixed threshold δ. In this paper, the survival function and the mean time to failure of the system are obtained when the times between successive shocks follow proportional hazard rate model.


PurposeThis paper aims to analyse through a bibliometric study the academic literature that relates entrepreneurship to foods.Design/methodology/approachA database of 1,300 papers published in the ISI Web of Science was generated. The bibliometric techniques allowed us to describe scientific literature evolution, most productive authors, institutions and countries, most relevant sources and documents, trend topics and social structure.FindingsThe results illustrate an upward trend, more accentuated in the last four years, in publishing papers relating entrepreneurship to the food industry.Originality/valueThis research is novel because although numerous articles relate the food industry to entrepreneurship, no bibliometric articles that analyse the scientific production that relates both terms have been found in the literature.


Computational analysis of transient phenomenon followed by the periodic state of laminar flow and heat transfer due to a rotating object in a square cavity is investigated. A finite-volume-based computational methodology utilizing primitive variables is used. Various isothermal rotating objects (circle, square and equilateral triangle) with different sizes are placed in the middle of the cavity. A combination of a fixed computational grid with a sliding mesh was utilized for the square and triangle shapes. The motionless object is set in rotation at time t = 0 and its temperature is maintained constant but different from the temperature of the walls of the cavity. Natural convection heat transfer is neglected. For a given shape of the object and a constant angular velocity, a range of rotating Reynolds numbers are covered for a Pr = 5 fluid. The Reynolds numbers were selected so that the flow fields are not generally affected by the Taylor instabilities (Ta < 1750). The evolving flow field and the interaction of the rotating objects with the recirculating vortices at the four corners are elucidated. Similarities and differences of the flow and thermal fields for various shapes is discussed. Transient variations of the average Nusselt numbers on the surface of the rotating object and cavity walls show that for high Re numbers, a quasi-periodic behavior due to the onset of Taylor instabilities is dominant, whereas for low Re numbers, periodicity of the system is clearly observed. Time-integrated average Nusselt number of the cavity is correlated to the rotational Reynolds number and shape of the object. The triangle object clearly gives rise to high heat transfer followed by the square and circle objects.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Convection heat transfer of CO2 at supercritical pressure in a vertical circular tube(din=2 mm) at high inlet Re(about 9 000) was investigated numerically to analyze the effects of the variation of the physical properties and buoyancy on the wall temperature and the turbulent energy.The results show that in the case of high heat fluxes the local heat transfer deterioration and enhancement during the upward flow due to the strong influence of buoyancy result in change of the turbulent energy distribution.Simulations using the LB turbulence model correspond well with the experimental data in upward flow.In the case of low heat fluxes the phenomenon of heat transfer deterioration or enhancement was not observed.


The evolution of the magnetic domain patterns has been studied in amorphous Fe73.5CuNb3Si13.5B9 ribbons by suitable "long duration" thermal treatments. It is shown that by annealing at 550 degrees C for annealing time t(a) from 1 to 150 h. very fine nanocrystalline bcc-FeSi rains are homogeneously formed in the amorphous matrix. Although with increasing t(a) the grain size remains very fine (less than or equal to 11 nm), the coercivity H-c increases rapidly from 0.14 A/m for t(a) = 3 h to 133 A/m for t(a) = 150 h. For the nanocrystalline ribbons with t(a) = 3 h, the domain structure is characterized by a few broad longitudinal together with some broad transverse domain patterns, connected to the minimum coercive field. With increasing annealing time t(a) greater than or equal to 10 h, only transverse domain patterns are observed and the transverse domain width gradually becomes narrow. By applying an external magnetic field. the magnetization processes indicate that the easy magnetization may be between the longitudinal and transverse directions for the samples annealed for t(a) = 1, 3, and 10 h, while in the sample of t(a) = 30 h. the easy magnetization in domains is transverse to the ribbon direction. The induced transverse anisotropy of 380 J/m(3) in the sample of t(a) = 30 h is determined from the domain width. The estimated H-c for the coherent rotation process in the sample of t(a) = 30 h is compatible with the experimentally observed value.


The author points out the necessity to conduct researches in the field of enterprise strategic development under conditions of increased dynamism and uncertainty of external environment. It is determined that under conditions of external uncertainty it's reasonable to conduct the strategic planning of entities using the life cycle models of organization and planning on the basis of disclosure. Any organization has to react in a flexible way upon external calls applying the cognitive knowledge about its own business model of development and the ability to intensify internal working reserves. The article determines that in the process of long-term business activity planning managers use traditional approaches based on the familiar facts and conditions that the present tendencies will not be subjected to essential changes in the future. Planning a new risky business one has to act when prerequisites and assumptions are predominant over knowledge. The author proves that under such conditions the powerful tool of enterprise strategic development may be such a well-known approach as "planning on the basis of disclosure". The approach suggested helps take into account numerous factors of uncertainty of external environment that makes the strategic planning process maximum adaptable to the conditions of venture business development.


.......................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5 Background ..................................................................................................................... 7 Formation Model: Hydrologic Activity, Sedimentation, Preservation, & Exposure .. 7 Aeolis Dorsa: Regional Context and Formation ......................................................... 8 The Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) ...................................................................... 8 Fluvial and Alluvial Deposits on Earth and in Aeolis Dorsa ...................................... 9 Synopsis of Formation and Questions about the Aeolis Dorsa ................................ 14 Hypotheses for History of Aeolis Dorsa ................................................................... 14 Methods......................................................................................................................... 15 Part 1: Deriving Morphological Attributes from Terrestrial Deposits ...................... 15 Part 2: Geospatial Distribution of Alluvial and Fluvial Deposits ............................. 16 Part 3: Mapping of Sedimentary Units ..................................................................... 16 Part 4: Stratigraphy of Local Areas .......................................................................... 16 Results ........................................................................................................................... 17 Part 1: Geomorphic Attributes of Sedimentary Units and Environments................. 17 Part 2: Geospatial Distribution of Features in Aeolis Dorsa..................................... 21 Part 3: Geomorphological Mapping of Local Areas ................................................. 22 Part 4: Stratigraphy of Local Areas .......................................................................... 27 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 32 Synthesis of Aeolis Dorsa History ............................................................................ 32 Assessment of Hypotheses ........................................................................................ 34 Comparison with Martian Hydrologic History ......................................................... 35 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 36 Future Work .............................................................................................................. 37 References ..................................................................................................................... 39


Introduction: Small-for-size syndrome is a limiting factor in living donor and split liver transplantation. Maximization of liver regeneration represents a promising strategy to overcome the risk of liver failure due to insufficient liver mass in either the donor or the split graft recipient. Growing evidence suggests that lipocalin 2 has a role in regenerative processes. Methods: To establish the role of lipocalin 2 in liver regeneration lcn2 +/+ , lcn2 +/- and lcn2 -/- mice were subjected to 2/3 partial hepatectomy. Hepatic proliferation was measured by BrdU and PCNA immunohistochemistry. Hepatic lcn2 expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blots. Serum levels of lcn2, Il-6, and TNF-a were determined by ELISA. Results: Hepatic regeneration in lcn2 +/+ mice was analyzed at 24, 48, 72 and 96h after partial hepatectomy. The peak of hepatic proliferation as indicated by the number of BrdU- and PCNA-positive cells was confirmed to be at 48h post surgery. Analysis of hepatic lcn2 expression showed a 140-fold up-regulation only 24h after liver resection in lcn2 +/+ animals with a stepwise reduction during the observation period (48h 15.7-fold, 72h 5.5-fold, 96h 5.8-fold). Western blots confirmed significant lcn2 protein over-expression 24h after partial hepatectomy. Also, serum lcn2 levels were significantly elevated upon liver resection. To determine the biological relevance of lcn2 induction on liver regeneration, hepatocyte proliferation was analyzed in lcn2 +/- and lcn2 -/- mice 48h after partial hepatectomy. The number of BrdU- and PCNA-positive cells did not differ significantly between the groups. However, lcn2 -/- animals exhibited a significantly elevated baseline liver regeneration (6.6-fold lcn2 -/- vs lcn2 +/+ , p<0.05). Conclusion: Up-regulation of lipocalin 2 after murine partial hepatectomy is striking but without significant impact on hepatocyte proliferation. Our results imply that lcn2 induction upon liver resection either constitutes a redundant pathway or simply displays an epiphenomenon. Disclosure: All authors declared conflicts of interest. optimizing organ allocation and increasing survival rates. Single values of tumor markers have shown a poor correlation with recurrence and cancer-free survival. In this study, we assessed the use of serial pre-operative serum alpha-fetoprotein measurements and its slope as a predictor of microvascular invasion (MI), tumor grade (TG), tumor size (TS) and HCC recurrence after liver transplantation. Method: All patients with primary HCC who underwent liver transplantation at our center 1992 2009 were reviewed (n=132). Patients with no pre-operative or a single AFP value were excluded (n=38). 28 patients received transarterial chemoembolization or chemotherapy (n=24) or percutaneous ethanol injections (n=4). The pre-operative AFP slope was calculated and any value >0.1 was considered positive. MI, TG, TS were evaluated in all explants. To properly assess the impact on recurrence, patients followed for >2 years after LT were analyzed (n=67). Analysis was performed by the chi-square with p<0.05 statistically significant. Results: In patients with a positive pre-operative AFP slope, MI was seen in 41% vs 20% in those with a stable/negative AFP slope (p<0.005). In patients with a positive AFP slope, 47% had a higher TG (3 and 4) vs 21% in those with a stable/negative AFP slope (p<0.025). In patients with a total tumor burden greater than 5 cm, a slightly higher percentage (44% vs 26%) had a positive AFP slope (p<0.15). In the 28 patients who received treatment for HCC, 10 had


ABSTRACT Through my doctoral research I developed a form of annotation and analysis of works to explore experiences of emotion in contemporary theatre dance. This approach helped me analyse works by different choreographers and share my spectatorial experience of them. To explore whether the work had emotional information embodied in its perceptual properties, I analysed movement qualities, movement-music, and spatial-rhythm. Through these analysis I was able to understand aspects of my process which were not obvious before. The analysis seemed to improve my choreographic self- awareness. Scholars such as Sarah Whatley have pointed at the potential of documenting, sharing, and curating information about choreographic practices, and its use as feedback tool for the choreographers [Whatley, Sarah. 2018. "Enhancing Choreographic Objects; Traces, Texts and Tales of a Journey Through Dance." In Performing Process Sharing Dance and Choreographic Practice, edited by Hetty Blades and Emma Meehan, 67–80. Bristol: Intellect]. But what happens when the analyst and the choreographer are the same person? For me, the process became a form of self-discovery. This article is a reflection on the difficulties, implications, and repercussions of undertaking a systematic analysis/annotation of my work, especially in relation to emotion.


Problem statement: The objectives of this study were to determine mean comparison all 6 dimensions between Cooperative Bank (CB) and Islamic Bank of Britain (IBB) in Leicestershire, United Kingdom, to compare the ranking for CB and IBB based on the customers preference and lastly to identify the similarities between CB and IBB based on customer preference. Approach: A sample of retail banking customers from CB and IBB was surveyed through a set of questionnaires. The proposed scale is called SERVQUAL and comprises 33 items named 'CARTER' with six dimensions (Compliance, Assurance, Reliability, Tangible, Empathy and Responsiveness), which customized for suitability of CB and IBB. The data was analyzed based on SPSS. Results: The study indicated that the mean comparison for all 6 dimensions were compared and shown that the Compliance issues were very important for IBB customers, while the same cannot be mentioned for the CB customers, who gave more importance to Empathy and Responsiveness. On the other hand, the highest ranked between IBB and CB were found, where the customers of IBB chose No interest paid nor taken on saving and loan as a preferred items and CB customers more preferred to chose Run on ethical value as the highest rank. The results also demonstrated that the similarities were found where almost of the items in Assurance have a similar ranking in both of banks. Conclusion/Recommendations: Future research should be conducted with a big number of respondents to ensure the representative and conclusive finding. Next, the new research needs to increase a number of banks to obtain the good result.


Herein,carbon dots (CDots) were used as the fluorescent probe to detect the concentration of Cu2+ in solution by the fluorescence quenching method. Under the optimal conditions,the relative fluorescence intensity of CDots and the concentration of copper ion showed a good linear relationship:I0/I=1.002 37+0.282 25 cQ,with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999 and a detection limit of 1.0×10-7 mol/L.


Description Some observers say White House should drop that tradition to broaden the candidate pool Some observers say White House should drop that tradition to broaden the candidate pool


Advanced alloys often present precipitated carbides and nitrides in their microstructure following exposure to elevated temperatures. These secondary phases are usually undesirable, because potenti ...


In this paper, an image denoising algorithm is presented based on the two-dimensional variational mode decomposition (2D-VMD) and the Hausdorff distance (HD). The procedure of the developed algorithm is that: (1) use the 2D-VMD to decompose the image into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs); (2) use the HD and the probability density function (PDF) to distinguish the signal-dominant IMFs (S-D IMFs) and the noise-dominant IMFs (N-D IMFs), and then use the wavelet threshold denoising method to eliminate the noise in the N-D IMFs; and (3) use the denoised IMFs and the S-D IMFs to reconstruct the image and obtain the denoised image. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified on the oil pipeline images. Simulation results show that, compared with the median filtering, the wavelet threshold filtering, and the Rudin Osher Fatemi, the proposed algorithm has a better denoising effect in both subjective and objective evaluation.


Electrical conductivity measurements on pure and doped KNaSO4 and K3Na(SO4)2 reveal high ionic conductivity values in the high temperature phase. High conductivity values ascribed to Na+ resemble a...


In this issue of Allergy, G. Doekes and coauthors of The Netherlands present two papers on allergens of the yeasts Pilyrosporum ovale (orbiculare) and Candida albicans, discussing their possible roles in various atopic diseases. One paper deals with the cross-reactivity of IgE-binding components between the two yeasts (7); the other with physicochemical characterization of IgE-binding components (8). The latter paper also suggests that IgE antibodies may bind to carbohydrate antigens in the respective yeasts. The importance of inhalant allergens as triggers of IgE-mediated allergic reactions and as agents in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis has long been established and is not disputed. The situation is not as clear in atopic eczema, but food and inhalant allergens, those of house-dust mites in particular, have been implicated as conductors of eczematous lesions. The recent discovery that patients with atopic eczema are frequently skin test positive and may have serum IgE antibodies against a commensal, lipophilic yeast, P. orbiculare, adds a new dimension to the possibility that IgE-mediated allergy is important in this disease (14, 15, 23). Atopic sensitization to P. orbiculare has been shown almost exclusively in eczematous patients, especially with eczema in the head-neck-face region; that is, the predilection areas of growth of the yeast. P. orbiculare is present in the skin of most adults, but is less prevalent before puberty (17). It has been reported that eczema in patients with atopic allergy to the yeast improves with oral treatment with the fungicide ketoconazol (6). Allergen characterization of/", orbiculare with SDS-PAGE has revealed a multitude of IgE-binding compounds, many of which are of a high molecular weight for allergens (10). The yeast is already known to cause pityriasis (tinea) versicolor and Pityrospo^um folliculitis, and it is also implicated in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis (9).


Objective An epidemiological survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of HBV infection among the patients asking for orthodontic treatment. Methods Blood specimen were taken from patients before orthodontic treatment during 1994 - 2001, and HBsAg, HbsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb was tested, respectively. Results The prevalence of HBV markers was 53.98% (2.10% for HBsAg). The infection rate of HBsAg is higher among adults. Conclusion It is necessary to detect HBV(especially in adult patients) markers before orthodontic treatment. Some protective measures must be taken to prevent the cross infection of HBV.


The objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting customer's satisfaction on buying residential apartments and to find out the effect of the quality of indoor and outdoor environments on the customers' buying behavior The study uses survey responses received from customers to examine the main factors that may affect their satisfaction A convenience sample of 401 survey responses received from customers A regression test was used to analyze and examine the effect of buying residential apartments and customer satisfaction and the impact of indoor and outdoor quality The results of this study found that there is a positive impact which means that any improvement in the indoor and outdoor factors will increase the demand of purchasing residential apartments, and there is a positive impact which explained that any upgrading and raising on outdoor factors will increase the purchasing of residential apartments © 2020 All Rights Reserved


Suicide in later life is a pressing public health concern, which has likely been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many older adults who need mental health treatment do not have access to necessary services and training for mental health providers to support older adults experiencing suicidality is limited. One solution is developing interventions based in a public health approach to suicide prevention, whereby natural helpers who provide community services are mobilised to respond to older persons-at-risk. Home-delivered meal (HDM) services, for example, are one effective means to reach older adults who are isolated due to being homebound and may be instrumental in preventing suicide. This study examined the experiences of 20 HDM volunteers who received Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST), an evidence-based suicide intervention programme. Phenomenological analysis yielded findings centred on three areas demonstrating the impact of the ASIST training on HDM volunteers: putting asist skills into practice; response to ASIST skills; and role transformation. Implications for integrating suicide prevention efforts with HDM services and directions for future research are discussed.


Chapter 1 List of Tables Chapter 2 List of Acronyms Chapter 3 Preface Chapter 4 The Road to Euro Chapter 5 Resource Mobility in a Suboptimal Currency Area Chapter 6 Macroeconomic Environment Chapter 7 The European Central Bank and Role of the Euro Chapter 8 Capital Markets in the Eurozone Chapter 9 Bond Market Development Chapter 10 European Equity Markets Chapter 11 Dollarization: Extending the Single Currency Concept Chapter 12 The European Union and Eurozone Expansion Chapter 13 Index


The development of sustainability is presented on the basis of quotations from German forestry literature published from the 17th century up until now. At the beginning of this time period, the demand for sustainability was limited to the exploitation of the increment. However, in the 19th century, the conservation of the site's production capacity was included and ‹sustainability› was backed up by arguments such as the forest's role within the forest economy. In the 20th century, sustainability developed from a mere calculation parameter to a behavioural norm with regard to all interventions dealing with forest and ecosystems.


Brazilian standards for design of cold-formed steel (ABNT NBR 14762:2010, 2010) and design of pallet racks (ABNT NBR 15524-2:2007, 2007) have different procedures to determine the strength of columns under axial compression, using different buckling curves. This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of using cold-formed Brazilian standard buckling design curve instead of the formulations of the pallet-rack design standard to study the use viability of the equations in the calculation procedure for computing the uprights compressive strength. This strength was calculated in four ways: one using the original equations of pallet-rack Brazilian standard, and the other three using adaptations of the buckling curve from the cold-formed steel design standard. A theoretical and numerical procedure based on finite element analysis concerning local, global, and distortional buckling and imperfections was performed. Furthermore, experimental results were also consulted to determine the effective area of studied cross-sections considering the effects of local buckling and the presence of continuous perforations. The results show that the proposed modifications are consistently correlated to the results obtained using the original equations of ABNT NBR 15524, indicating the viability of using the buckling curve of ABNT NBR 14762.


Research in economics and psychology has demonstrated that noncognitive skills are important for human capital development and long-run life outcomes, but advances in this research have been slowed by a common data limitation: Most large-scale datasets do not contain adequate measures of noncognitive skills. We demonstrate that there are important latent data within any survey dataset that can be used as proxy measures of noncognitive skills. Specifically, we examine the amount of effort that students exhibit on surveys, as measured by their item response rates. We use six nationally-representative, longitudinal surveys of American youth. We find that the percentage of questions left unanswered during the baseline year, when respondents were adolescents, is a significant predictor of later-life outcomes such as educational attainment and employment income. Respondents with higher item response rates are more likely to attain higher levels of education as well as earn higher incomes as adults. The pattern of findings, combined with previous research, give compelling reasons to view item response rates as a valid measure of noncognitive skills for use in future research. Additional research is required to determine what exact noncognitive skills are being captured by item response rates.


Classification data provided by Web Inspection Systems are used to optimize the paper production process and further converting stages. This article describes by help of application examples the benefits and use of Web Inspection Technology in different production stages based on defect classification. A case study which has been developed in cooperation with Arjo Wiggins Deutschland GmbH is presented.


In our experience, regional sympathetic blocks is a therapy that ought to be resumed as it seems to be very efficient in the treatment of pain due to acute, idiopathic zoster.


Aim: A large body of evidence indicates that cardiovascular risk factors are related to neurodegenerative processes leading to cognitive decline and eventually dementia. The aim of this study was t ...


Author(s): Wang, Youliang | Advisor(s): Zhang, Liming | Abstract: Despite the tremendous advance in homogeneous gold catalysis in the past decade or so, the functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds, a highly desirable and yet challenging streamlining synthetic strategy, has so far rarely been realized in this 'gold rush'. My graduate work was focused on the development of new strategies of gold catalysis to access highly reactive gold intermediates and harness their reactivities in insertion into unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. Three approaches are discussed in this dissertation: (1) via gold vinylidenes: fully functionalized gold vinylidenes generated from simple TMS-terminated alkynones facilely insert into unactivated alkyl groups to furnish versatile 2-bromocyclopentenones; (2) via 'gold benzyne': gold-catalyzed cycloisomerizations of enediynes provide access to hypothetical 'gold benzyne' species, which exhibit reactivities distinctively different from transition metal-free benzynes, including insertions into unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds and regiospecific nucleophilic additions; (3) via oxidatively generated gold carbene: gold carbenes generated upon the oxidation of alkynones are demonstrated for the first time to be capable of inserting into unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds to yield cylcopentanones and cyclobutanones.


As it has become increasingly important that the composition of natural, unadulterated aerosol for different air-mass types be established, we began the following operation early in 1969: At one of our mountain stations, the Wank summit near Garmisch-Partenkirchen at nearly 1800 meters altitude, aerosol samples are being collected with membrane filters, and the deposits are being quantitatively analyzed for inorganic constituents; the site is remote from all local or mesoscale sources of pollutants. The following have been determined: (a) total amount of inorganic matter; (b) Na+, K+, and Ca2+ soluble in water; (c) oxides Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3. The complex inorganic chemistry of aerosols as found from these analyses is studied with reference to the type and origin of air masses, vertical-mixing activity, and other meteorological indices.


Enterprise networks deploy a variety of security devices to protect
the network, hosts and endpoints. Network security devices, both
hardware and virtual, operate at all OSI layers with scanning and
analysis capabilities for application content. Multiple specific
devices are often deployed together for breadth and depth of defense.
This document describes use cases of Service Function Chaining (SFC)
when deploying network security devices in the manner described above
and also puts forth requirements for their effective operation.


Results are presented from an experimental study of electron capture and loss during collisions of low-energy hydrogen atoms and ions with a residual gas covered metal surface. Ground-state hydrogen atoms (H1s) and the atomic ions (H−,H+) were scattered from a Cu(100) surface with energies ranging from 25to200eV. Energy loss analysis indicates that the dominant process leading to H− formation proceeds directly through the adsorbed vacuum species, with the metallic crystal acting primarily as a physical scattering platform. In addition, ion beam experiments reveal effects due to the charge state of the incident particle that are inconsistent with the results expected for clean metal surfaces. Measurements indicate that the neutralization of incident ions as expected for clean metals is suppressed, a feature that is attributed to the band gap and dielectric strength of the adsorbed layer.


This paper deals with photocatalytic decomposition of organic matter and antibacterial and antiviral effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films. The TiO2 films were deposited on glass substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) in a vacuum reactor with radio frequency (RF) low temperature oxygen plasma discharge using titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor. The depositions were performed with substrates preheated from 20 to 350 °C and with a systematical change of deposition conditions. The speed of photocatalytic decomposition of the model organic matter acid orange 7 (C16H11N2NaO4S), bacteria Escherichia coli and viruses HSV-1 (Herpes simplex virus) were evaluated and some clues on the destruction mechanism are discussed.


Background: Hip fractures are common and comprise 20% of operative workload of an orthopaedic trauma unit [1] . Hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture is one of the commonest procedures undertaken in Orthopaedics. A number of different surgical approaches may be used for the operation including the anterior, antero-lateral, lateral and posterior approach. Currently the two most commonly used approaches for hemiarthroplasty of the hip are the lateral [7] and the posterior approach [8] . Methods: Patients >60years with displaced neck of femur facture without distal neurovascular deficit presenting and giving written and informed consent were evaluated clinically and radiologically. Total 42 patients underwent surgery with lateral approach. No mortality was observed among the cases. Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) was used to compare outcomes. Data was collected in the standard pro forma and patients were followed up at 2, 6 and 12 weeks. Results: Modified Harris Hip Score at 12 weeks was 66.90±9.41 in Lateral approach. The mHHS has increased with successive follow up which was statistically significant. At 12 weeks according mHHS, 4.8% has excellent result, 7.1% had good result, 21.4% had fair result and 66.7% had relatively poor result. The quality of life of the patient has been improving in subsequent follow up and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: Hemiarthroplasty via Lateral approach in elderly patients is safe and effective as operative outcome of the patient significantly increases with time. Post-operative pain, blood loss, prosthesis dislocation and other surgery related complications were minimum and the approach was more suitable for the patient.


The invention prevents the soil outlet due to rapid level variation caused in the loss of the construction the beginning of building a breakwater according to the complete and dimensional features and its base is liquefied phenomenon of scour or embankment along the stream flow with the stream, and restores the natural environment to a high anti-soil outlet combine there is provided an absorbent mat of vegetation and its manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method. Water absorbent and prevent soil leakage combination according to the present invention for achieving the above objects, the vegetation mat is a synthetic resin filament is melt-extruded through a radiator to transfer the belt-shaped plate of a pyramid plate-like irregularities that proceeds with vibration from side to side formed by spraying doedoe after seating the transfer belt is cooled is separated, in the transfer belt gwinchwi manufacturing, the synthetic resin filament is formed of a three-dimensional network structure similar to the roots of plants, slopes protective material forming the three-dimensional unevenness is formed in the lower portion of the mesh structure; Characterized in that the fiber mixture of water consisting of plant seed with natural fibers and super-absorbent resin to the slopes of protective material adhered. In addition, anti-soil outlet according to the present invention for achieving the above objects combine high absorption vegetation mat manufacturing apparatus is melt-extruded through a radiator to transfer the belt-shaped plate of a pyramid plate-like irregularities are formed in the direction of progress, while the vibration from side to side after the synthetic resin filament is dispensed which is seated on the conveying belt) is cooled, separated, gwinchwi from the transfer belt manufacturing the slopes protective material, and the slopes, and supply the natural fiber via the star myeongi the protective material, plant seed feeder and superabsorbent after respectively supplying the plant seed and high-absorbent resin in the resin injector, a certain thickness of the natural fibers and plant species chairs and high fiber mixture of water absorbent resin mixed with the cotton gin through the hopper group and a mixer located at the bottom of the feeding myeongi It is sprayed with a constant air pressure coming from the slopes the protective material and the first dispersion to a mixed fiber mat with water, using an air compressor After pressing, then re-passed through a pressure roller to the pressing of the second mat and a mat of vegetation passes through the pressure roller, characterized the volume taken in the coiler. And soil leakage prevention combine high absorption vegetation mat production method the synthetic resin filament is melt-extruded through a radiator to transfer the belt-shaped plate of a pyramid plate-like irregularities that proceeds with vibration from side to side is formed in accordance with the present invention for achieving the above objects, after the dispersion is cooled to a transfer belt mounted away from the transfer belt, which slopes gwinchwi protective material and the manufacturing process; The slopes and by a class myeongi the hopper to the protective material supplied to the natural fiber in the cotton gin, and at the same time to be a plant seed and a high water-absorbent resin added with a plant seed feeder and the high water-absorbent resin injector, the mixing in the plant seed and high-absorbency resin is a mixture the fiber mixture and the water is fed into the cotton gin, process and the other surface to be sprayed at a predetermined thickness; The slopes protective material and the fiber mixture with water the primary mat sprayed on by because each separate state the fiber mixture with water in a three-dimensional network structure using the air compressor to fill the voids of constituted by any compression process for increasing the air compression and adhesion It characterized. Prevent soil leakage, the superabsorbent resin, the vegetation mat manufacturing apparatus, the manufacturing method


A fluidized drying apparatus having a substantially cylindrical casing, a perforated plate provided in said casing which divides the interior of said casing into an upper solid fluidizing chamber and a lower windbox chamber and which has formed therein a number of perforations each being inclined with respect to the axis of said casing so as to direct a drying gas passing therethrough in a direction at an acute angle to the surface of said perforated plate and means for feeding a granular material to be dried into said fluidizing chamber. A breaking member is provided in the casing above the perforated plate, which is rotated during operation of the apparatus to break lumps of material agglomerating on said perforated plate.


The effect of Pt on the growth kinetics of the γ′-[Ni(Pt)]3Al ordered intermetallic phase and the γ-Ni(Pt, Al) solid solution diffusion rates of the species, hardness and elastic modulus was examined by employing the diffusion couple experimental technique. Experiments were conducted by using the β-Ni(Pt)Al phase and Ni(Pt) alloy couples, each of which had a fixed amount of Pt (5, 10 and 15 at. %) in both the end members so that the Pt content is more or less constant throughout the interdiffusion zone. The results suggest that the growth kinetics of both phases and the average effective interdiffusion coefficients of Ni and Al increase with the increase in Pt content. Nanoindentation studies across the compositional gradients show that the mechanical properties of the intermetallic phase in the superalloy are relatively insensitive to the presence of Pt but are more sensitive to the Ni/Al ratio. In contrast, the marked variation in the hardness of the γ phase were noted, increasing markedly with Al concentration in a given couple and also increasing with increasing Pt content. Possible causes for the observed variations are discussed.


A 6 7 -year-old woman underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) as staging for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base. FDG PET showed moderate FDG accumulation within the lung bases correlating with honeycomb fibrosis on CT, in keeping with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. When diffuse pulmonary uptake is seen on FDG PET imaging, nonneoplastic causes should be considered.


The emergence of the British hybrid colonial cuisine in Asia came about as a result of negotiation and collaboration between colonizer and colonized. British hybrid colonial cuisine, comprising unique dishes such as countless varieties of curries, mulligatawny, kedgeree, country captain and pish pash evolved over time and was a combination of elements of British food practices and Asian food ways.


The assumed original intensification/plurality of the D stem (with "doubled" middle radical = Piʿʿel in Hebrew) vis-à-vis the G stem ("ground" form = Qal) is not maintained in all stages of Semitic languages. While the intensification/plurality of the Piʿʿel is attested in classical biblical Hebrew, there is evidence in extra-biblical sources from the Second Temple period on of a shift of Qal verbs to Piʿʿel, where they no longer exhibit intensive/plural meaning. Many scholars, however, are unaware of this phenomenon since it has been discussed almost exclusively in works written in modern Hebrew. The shift from Qal to Piʿʿel can be seen in Qumran Hebrew, the Hebrew of Ben-Sira, Samaritan Hebrew, Tannaitic Hebrew, and Amorate Hebrew. It is suggested that the disappearance of the Qal internal passive and its replacement by Puʿʿal is related to the movement of verbs from Qal to Piʿʿel.


This research reviews the progress of the "dividend puzzle" in the finance literature. The article tracks the theoretical evolution of dividend policy and its conceptual and practical differences throughout the years. As such, this paper gives an updated literature discussion on the dividend policies of corporations, its impact to investor preferences, and the linkage to corporate taxes. This literature review implies that the "dividend puzzle" remains unsolved and continues to be an intriguing subject matter as academicians and practitioners alike cannot exactly explain the behavior of investors and corporations as seen in the decades of corporate dividend policies. Furthermore, this article ends with a brief update regarding Philippine's new Corporate Tax Law (CREATE Law) and author's brief perspective on dividend policies.


The global financial crisis has greatly affected the automobile industry.This paper discussed the development strategy of China's comprehensive automobile circulation enterprises against the crisis,and proposed the development suggestions on the improvement of business model in the industry.


NETZSCH STA449F3 simultaneous thermal analyzer is used in coal char-CO2 reaction TGA experiments.The total gas pressure is 0.1 MPa,and CO2 partial pressures are 0.017 MPa,0.042 MPa,0.058 MPa and 0.100 MPa respectively.By fitting the experimental data with nth order rate equation expression and Langmuir-Hinshelwood(LH) rate equation expression,a reasonable extrapolation can be made to pressurized conditions,and kinetic parameters in pressurized circumstances can be obtained.The fitting formulas are beneficial to calculate and compare different coal char chemical reactivities with CO2 in wider temperature and pressure range.LH rate equation expression is able to more accurately describe the effect of CO2 partial pressure.The degree of CO2 partial pressure's influence upon reaction rate becomes decreased with CO2 partial pressure increasing.The degree of temperature's influence upon coal char-CO2 reaction rate is larger than that of CO2 partial pressure's.The order of chemical reactivity of coals at different temperatures and CO2 partial pressures is not completely consistent,and therefore cannot be generalized from a specific condition.


A CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC STUDY OF ORAL DISEASE, BASED ON 2300 CONSECUTIVE CASES. h\ P. MCCARTHY. (1941) ./. Amer, med. Ass., 116, 16. THIS is an interesting summary illustrated by some good photographs, based on 2300 consecTitive cases. As the writer remarks, the oral cavity has always been a *' no-man's-land," though no group of specialists is better fitted by training to stimulate interest in diseases of the mouth than dermatologists. The writer's large series of cases is drawn from both hospital and private practice. He stresses the desirability of closer study of oral diseases by dentists, physicians, and especially dermatologists. R. K.