This study was carried out with the aim of determining some internal and external quality characteristics of pekin duck eggs grown by families living in rural Hatay province by using mathematical formulas. In the study, 417 pekin duck eggs were used and with the help of mathematical formulas based on individual egg weight values, egg length and width, egg surface area, egg shell weight and thickness, pore number, egg yolk ratio values were calculated. Average egg length calculated according to egg weight were determined as 62,48 mm, egg width 43.76 mm, egg shell thickness 0.358 mm, egg shell weight 6.03 g, egg surface area 81.23 cm2, pore number-1 8.915.29, pore number-2 7.993.13 and pore number-3 8.934.70 units and egg yolk ratio 37.68%. In addition, shape index of egg external quality characteristics 69.69%, elongasyon 1.436, egg volume 66.38 cm3, pore density-1 109.89, pore density-2 98.34, pore density-3 109.74 pore number/cm2 and egg shell ratio 8.48%, the yolk weight of egg internal quality characteristics 26.78 g, albumen weight 38.26 and albumen ratio were calculated as 53.85%. As a result, the characteristics of the external and internal quality of the pekin duck eggs raised at the public hand within the Hatay province were revealed without deteriorating the egg integrity.


Reaction of heteroleptic silylenes LSiX (L = PhC(NtBu)2; X = PPh2 (1), NPh2 (2), NMe2 (3), OtBu (4)) with N2O resulted in the oxidized dimeric product [LSi(X)(μ-O)]2 (X = PPh2 (5), NPh2 (6), NMe2 (7), OtBu (8)), which contains a four-membered Si2O2 ring. Compounds 5–8 were characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The molecular structures of 5–8 were established by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis.


ABSTRACT Today, the utilization of millisecond pulse laser drilling, despite the extensive applications in different fields, is accompanied by several limitations such as low penetration depth, high thickness of recast layer, and heat-affected zone. In order to overcome these limitations, different techniques such as applying magnetic field as well as utilizing ultrasonic vibrations have been proposed. Up to now, limited investigations have been conducted regarding the effect of simultaneous addition of magnetic field and ultrasonic vibration on microstructural characteristics; therefore, in this paper, the simultaneous effects of magnetic field (0.5 Tesla intensity) and ultrasonic vibrations (with the frequency of 28 kHz and amplitude of 15 μm) on the formed phases, recast layer and heat-affected zone thickness have been studied in laser drilling of Ti6Al4 V. According to the results, 23.53% and 6.31% reductions were obtained in diameter and depth of the drilled hole compared to conventional laser drilling, respectively. Moreover, the diameter of heat-affected zone, in the inlet of the drilled hole, was reduced by 30.33% in this hybrid process compared to conventional laser drilling. Besides, it was observed that the presence of ultrasonic vibrations prevents from the formation of acicular α structure in the recast region of Ti6Al4 V.


SUMMARY By means of a prospective randomized controlled study, the low energy helium-neon intravascular laser irradiation of blood (LEILIB) was tested in schizophrenic patients. A total of 66 patients were recruited, matched for the duration of illness, and randomly assigned to the two experimental groups (one received the LEILIB in addition to medications while the other received only the medications). An additional 25 healthy volunteers were recruited as a control group. Venous blood were tested for T-lymphocyte subpopulation. The results showed that LEILIB in conjunction with medication was better than medications alone. They also indicated that schizophrenic patients had low and abnormal T-lymphocyte levels. It was possible that LELIB therapy could enhance immune functions, and theoretically should have no side-effects. Key words: chronic schizophrenics, intravasuclar irradiation, T-lymphocytes, Chinese INTRODUCTION Low Energy Helium-Neon Intravascular Laser Irradiation of Shod (LEILIB) has been a new high-technical treatment method in recent years. Its essence is the direct irradiation of circulating blood by low energy He-Ne laser via an intravascularly applied light guide fiber optic device. According to the medical literature, the former USSR had used LEILIB in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, severe infection, bronchial asthma and even depression. This method vas firstly used in mainland China in November, 1991, and was employed for the first dime far schizophrenic patients in the Beijing Huilongguan Hospital in July, 1992 with some efficacy. The exact mechanism of this method has not been clearly known. Based on the research data, when low energy He-Ne laser directly irradiates the blood, it changes the molecular configuration of some proteins (enzymes and other proteins) which could cause the following biological effects, through some photochemical and photophysical mechanism. These were as follows) Changes the blood rhealogical properties, including a decrease in the blood viscosity, platelet and red blood cells clotting capacity, and decreased in red blood cells transformation properties; ii) Modulation of humoral and cellular immunity leading to improved body immune functions, especially in the T-lymphocytes. iii) Amelioration of the body intoxicated status by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreases medium molecular substances and accumulation of other toxic substances. In 1992, a study was conducted in the Beijing Huilongguan Hospital to test the effectiveness of this therapy (Dong et al, 1992). 47 schizophrenic patients were divided into three groups: Group 1. an experimental group 10 cases who received only LEILIB; Group 2: a control group of 10 similar cases (matched for age, sex, course, subtypes of diagnosis and severity) who received only medications of a dose equivalent to 300-600 mg chlorpromazine per day; Group 3: 37 chronic schizophrenic refractory patients who received both LEILIB and medications. The results showed that. There was no statistical difference in the clinical outcome between Group 1 & 2, though in Group 1, the delusional symptoms disappeared faster. As for Group 3, 18.9% of the patient had an obvious improvement, while 29,7% had a turn for the better (thus making the total effective rate of 48.6%). Since then, the authors had treated a few hundred schizophrenic patients without any obvious adverse effects. It appeared that LEILIB has empirical effects on hallucination, delusions, anxiety and depression symptoms, but not much effect on negative symptoms. The present paper is the report of a prospective randomized clinical and experimental study about LEILIB treatment for chronic schizophrenic patients. METHODOLOGY SELECTION OF SUBJECTS The experimental groups From May, 1994 to April, 1995, all in-patients of the Beijing Huilongguan Hospital with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (DSM-III-R and OCMD-II criteria based on symptoms at interview and in the case records) were screened. …


NY-ESO-1, a member of the cancer-testis family of antigens, is expressed in a subset of a broad range of different human tumor types. Patients with advanced NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors frequently develop humoral immunity to NY-ESO-1, and three HLA A2-restricted peptides were defined previously as targets for cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells in a melanoma patient with NY-ESO-1 antibody. The objectives of the present study were (i) to develop enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and tetramer assays to measure CD8(+) T cell responses to NY-ESO-1, (ii) to determine the frequency of CD8(+) T cell responses to NY-ESO-1 in a series of HLA-A2 patients with NY-ESO-1 expressing tumors, (iii) to determine the relation between CD8(+) T cell and humoral immune responses to NY-ESO-1, and (iv) to compare results of NY-ESO-1 ELISPOT assays performed independently in two laboratories with T cells from the same patients. NY-ESO-1 ELISPOT and tetramer assays with excellent sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility have been developed and found to correlate with cytotoxicity assays. CD8(+) T cell responses to HLA-A2-restricted NY-ESO-1 peptides were detected in 10 of 11 patients with NY-ESO1 antibody, but not in patients lacking antibody or in patients with NY-ESO-1-negative tumors. The results of ELISPOT assays were concordant in the two laboratories, providing the basis for standardized monitoring of T cell responses in patients receiving NY-ESO-1 vaccines. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.9.4760 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-113858 Originally published at: Jäger, E; Nagata, Y; Gnjatic, S; Wada, H; Stockert, E; Karbach, J; Dunbar, P R; Lee, S Y; Jungbluth, A; Jäger, D; Arand, M; Ritter, G; Cerundolo, V; Dupont, B; Chen, Y T; Old, L J; Knuth, A (2000). Monitoring CD8 T cell responses to NY-ESO-1: correlation of humoral and cellular immune responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(9):4760-4765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.9.4760 Monitoring CD8 T cell responses to NY-ESO-1: Correlation of humoral and cellular immune responses Elke Jäger*†‡, Yasuhiro Nagata†‡§, Sacha Gnjatic§, Hisashi Wada§, Elisabeth Stockert§, Julia Karbach*, P. Rod Dunbar¶, Sang Yull Leei, Achim Jungbluth§, Dirk Jäger**, Michael Arand††, Gerd Ritter§, Vincenzo Cerundolo¶, Bo Duponti, Yao-Tseng Chen**, Lloyd J. Old§, and Alexander Knuth* *II. Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie-Onkologie, Krankenhaus Nordwest, 60488 Frankfurt, Germany; §Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021; ¶Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 7TN, Oxford, United Kingdom; iHuman Immunogenetics, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021; ††Institut für Toxikologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; and **Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021 Contributed by Lloyd J. Old, February 22, 2000 NY-ESO-1, a member of the cancer–testis family of antigens, is expressed in a subset of a broad range of different human tumor types. Patients with advanced NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors frequently develop humoral immunity to NY-ESO-1, and three HLA A2-restricted peptides were defined previously as targets for cytotoxic CD81 T cells in a melanoma patient with NY-ESO-1 antibody. The objectives of the present study were (i) to develop enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and tetramer assays to measure CD81 T cell responses to NY-ESO-1, (ii) to determine the frequency of CD81 T cell responses to NY-ESO-1 in a series of HLA-A2 patients with NY-ESO-1 expressing tumors, (iii) to determine the relation between CD81 T cell and humoral immune responses to NY-ESO-1, and (iv) to compare results of NY-ESO-1 ELISPOT assays performed independently in two laboratories with T cells from the same patients. NY-ESO-1 ELISPOT and tetramer assays with excellent sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility have been developed and found to correlate with cytotoxicity assays. CD81 T cell responses to HLA-A2-restricted NY-ESO-1 peptides were detected in 10 of 11 patients with NY-ESO-1 antibody, but not in patients lacking antibody or in patients with NY-ESO1-negative tumors. The results of ELISPOT assays were concordant in the two laboratories, providing the basis for standardized monitoring of T cell responses in patients receiving NY-ESO-1 vaccines. M progress in the identification and characterization of human tumor antigens has occurred over the past decade (1). The development of approaches to analyzing humoral (2) and cellular (3) immune reactivity to cancer in the context of the autologous host has led to the molecular characterization of tumor antigens recognized by CD81 T cells (4) and antibody (5). As a consequence of these advances, it is now possible to classify human tumor antigens, and the majority of antigens defined to date fall into one or more of the following categories: (i) differentiation antigens, e.g., tyrosinase (6), Melan-AyMART-1 (7, 8), and gp100 (9); (ii) mutational antigens, e.g., CDK4 (10), b-catenin (11), caspase-8 (12), and p53 (13); (iii) amplification antigens, e.g., HER2yneu (14) and p53 (15); (iv) splice variant antigens (16); (v) viral antigens, e.g., HPV (17) and EBV (18); and (vi) cancer–testis (CT) antigens, e.g., MAGE (19) and NY-ESO-1 (20). The defining characteristics of CT antigens are high levels of expression in male germ cells but generally not in other normal tissues and aberrant expression in a variable proportion of a wide range of different cancer types. CT antigens first were recognized as targets for autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a melanoma patient with an unusual clinical course (21). Analysis of humoral immune reactivity to human cancer by SEREX (serological screening of cDNA expression libraries) (5) also has uncovered a number of human tumor antigens with characteristics of CT antigens (22). To date, 10 genes or gene families encoding CT antigens have been recognized: MAGE (19), BAGE (23), GAGE (24), SSX (5), NYESO-1yLAGE-1 (20, 25), SCP-1 (26), CT7yMAGE-C1 (27, 28), CT8 (U. Sahin, personal communication), CT9 (29), and CT10y MAGE-C2 (30). Six of these CT systems are known to be coded for by genes on the X chromosome. The only CT antigen with a known function is SCP-1, a synaptonemal complex protein involved in chromosome reduction in meiosis (26). NY-ESO-1, the focus of the present study, was identified during a SEREX analysis of an esophageal cancer (20). The gene for NY-ESO-1 maps to Xq28 (31) and codes for an 18-kDa protein (20). NY-ESO-1 mRNA expression is found in 20–30% of melanomas, lung, breast, ovarian, and bladder cancers, and other tumor types but, like other CT antigens, rarely in colon cancer or renal cancer (20). In a survey of sera from normal individuals and cancer patients, antibodies to NY-ESO-1 were found in 40–50% of patients with advanced NY-ESO-1expressing tumors (32). One patient with high-titered NYESO-1 antibodies was found to have HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes against autologous NY-ESO-1-expressing melanoma cells, and three HLA-A2-restricted NY-ESO-1 peptides were identified as the target epitopes recognized by these cytotoxic T lymphocytes (33). In the present study, we have analyzed CD81 T cell responses to NY-ESO-1 by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT), cytotoxicity, and tetramer assays and the humoral immune responses by ELISA and Western blots. Our findings show that NY-ESO-1 elicits a strong, integrated humoral and cellular immune response in a high proportion of patients with NYESO-1-expressing tumors. Materials and Methods Tumor Typing for NY-ESO-1 mRNA. Expression of NY-ESO-1 mRNA in tumor specimens was assessed by reverse transcription–PCR, using previously described primers (20). Assays for NY-ESO-1 Antibody. NY-ESO-1 serum antibodies were assayed by ELISA and Western blots, using NY-ESO-1 recombinant protein purified from Escherichia coli (32). Abbreviations: ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocyte; SEREX, serological screening of cDNA expression libraries; CT, cancer–testis. †E.J. and Y.N. contributed equally to this work. ‡To whom reprint requests should be addressed at: E.J., II. Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie–Onkologie, Krankenhaus Nordwest, 60488 Frankfurt, Germany; or Y.N., Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 32, New York, NY 10021. E-mail: email@example.com or


Evolution operates through intraspecific variation. It takes the genetic variation responsible for the differences that we see between individuals and drives them to fixation, whether by chance or selection, and leads to the emergence of new species. This understanding drives much of our current thinking of biology and underlies the statistical tests of selective pressures. It allows us to better understand the processes that occurred long ago, in evolutionary time, to create the diverse array of species and phenotypes that we see around us today.


DOCUMENT RESUME EM 008 000 Eisele, James E. The Computer as a Tool for Curriculum Development and Instructional Management. Georgia Univ.. Athens. Coll. of Education. Mar 70 20p.; Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Educational Research Association (Minneapolis, Minnesota, March 2-6, 1970) EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$1.10 *Computer Assisted Instruction, Curriculum Development, *Individualized Instruction, Information Retrieval, Program Descriptions The objective of this project was to discover an effective means by which teachers could have available sufficient data to make decisions in order to preplan individual teaching-learning situations. In order to achieve this objective, an electronic information retrieval system was developed. Behavioral objectives, subject-matter statements, suggested instructional procedures, materials and references, and an evaluation procedure were written and each item was assigned an identifying number and symbol. A screen of learner characteristics and professional variables was then used to choose those items which would be the most suitable for each student working on a given topic with a specific teacher. The system was refined through a continuous feedback system. A reference list is provided. Appendices contain the lists of learner variables, professional decision-raking variables, and supplemental information about the coding system used. (JY) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE 111 PERSON OR ()noun ORIGINATING It POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS N. STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION tr1 POSITION OR POLICY. THE COMPUTER AS A TOOL FOR .4 CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND INSTRUCTIONAL MANAGEMENT CI tAsa


A field‐based study regarding uptake of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) by young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) was initiated to test a steady‐state model of bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in a rapidly growing fish. Determination of prey composition as well as size‐dependent growth and specific consumption rates for YOY bluefish from separate field and laboratory studies enabled the input of these species‐specific parameters into the model. Furthermore, the time and duration of the exposure of YOY bluefish to dissolved PCBs from a well‐characterized system (Hudson River, USA) was well known. Patterns of accumulation of individual PCB congeners differed relative to the accumulation of total PCBs, with the greatest net accumulation occurring for the higher‐molecular‐weight congeners. Comparison of lipid‐normalized bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) with the octanol–water partition coefficients of individual PCB congeners revealed bluefish to be above the BAFs predicted by lipid‐based equilibrium partitioning, suggesting that uptake from food is an important source of PCBs in YOY bluefish. Comparison of measured BAFs with values predicted by a steady‐state, food‐chain model showed good first‐order agreement.


In the last fifteen or twenty years there has been a considerable increase in supervisory training in industry. A large variety of courses ranging in content from Human Relations to Mathematics are given. Many of these courses do not aim to impart specific facts, figures, or formulae. Instead, the aim is to change the attitudes of the supervisor in relation to some aspect of the industry's operations. They aim, for example, at having him acquire a person-centered rather than a production-centered attitude in his dealings with his subordinates, or a positive attitude towards the free enterprise system, or toward certain aspects of top management policy.


Introducing the nor-executive director system in the management structure of the company, aims at ameliorating the qualityof the directorate. It is commonly believed that the management competence of the listed company will be improved consequently aftertaking the non-executive system. However, as the result of imperfection existing in the non-executive director system in China, someeconomist called this phenomenon as "embroider on the gunny bag". Therefore whether it is necessary to popularizing the non-executive director system or not and how to consummate it have become an unavoidable great task in China.


In this paper, a primary frequency control strategy based on fuzzy logic designed for variable speed wind generators is proposed and tested on a 2,2 kW test bench. The fuzzy logic supervisor ensures a regular primary reserve on a large range of wind speed without any wind speed measurement. This supervisor controls simultaneously the generator torque and the pitch angle to keep the primary reserve; it determines in real time the generator power reference value. The fuzzy logic supervisor is compared with a classical strategy which maximises the power efficiency.The experiments point out the regularity of the power reserve and the ability to contribute to frequency control.


The making of intelligent decisions in any sphere of activity is dependent on the information which is accessible to the decision making process. Arguably one of the primary reasons why the application of AI and expert system techniques has not gained the widespread use and popularity which might have been expected, is that the techniques have been applied to incomplete and often badly structured information. The paper advocates a new approach which establishes the use of AI techniques within the framework of an intelligent information management environment. That, however, is not sufficient in itself, because one needs to take the one further step of realising that the expertise and intelligence which is going to apply to the information is itself part of that information. Further, the conclusions generated by the application of the expertise and intelligence extend that information and are not separate from it. The paper concludes that the effective use of AI in medical decision making will only be achieved with the full integration of information and intelligence. >


The problem of frequent slag-dropping troubles exist ever since the beginning of putting boiler into operation for supercritical 600 MW unit in Yangzhou Power plant,affecting seriously the normal operation of unit.On the basis of an approach to several main affecting factors of slagging in boilers,through combustion-adjusting tests of the boiler,such as changing the oxygen concentration,the flow rate of primary air,the open-degree of secondary air gate inside and outside the burner and the intensity of swirling flow,the secondary air gate inside and outside the over-fired air(OFA) and the intensity of swirling flow,the flow rate of OFA,the air distribution mode,the flow rate of central air,and the combination of coal pulverizers etc.,the influence of boiler operating condition and variation of parameters upon the concentration of NOx emission and the slagging tendency has been studied,and the optimal operation mode of boiler under condition of the existing equipments and coal sort being put forward.


The presence of heavy metals in industrial wastewater needed to be removed in other to control pollution which has been caused as a result of human and industrial activities. Several adsorbents have been used for the remediation process but with this particular research work, Zeolites were used. They were synthesized hydrothermally from various locally available raw materials namely rice husk, corn stalk, corn husk, and kaolin. They were characterized using their FTIR to determine the functional groups on the material synthesized and also their adsorptive activities were compared with industrially synthesized Zeolite X. A very strong peak at 1052 cm -1 is as a result of the asymmetric vibrations of the internal T-O tetrahedron with a weak symmetric T-O stretching vibration recorded at 797 cm -1 . Another strong peak was observed at 445 cm -1 as a result of the OT-O bending vibration which confirms the presence of a five-membered structure. The adsorptive properties of the synthesized Zeolites were evaluated by using them to remove Cadmium ions from solution and their percentage removals were determined. Similarly, their adsorption kinetics were also determined and was observed the R values to be 0.9093 and 0.9454 for Corn husk and Cornstalk for the first order and the second order with R 2 values of 1 for rice husk, kaolin and corn stalk. Original Research Article Anang et al.; IRJPAC, 21(5): 6-18, 2020; Article no.IRJPAC.55840 7


Palatal expansion has a unique role in dentofacial therapy. The rapid Maxillary expansion which is a type of skeletal expansion involves the opening of the mid-palatal suture and movement of the palatal shelves away from each other. Selection of appropriate appliance should be made by preparing a list of criteria depending on the biomechanical requirements of RME. Rapid expansion affects the maxillary complex, palatal vaults, maxillary teeth, adjacent periodontal structures to get desired expansion in the maxillary arch. Maxillary transverse deficiency in adults is a malocclusion of relatively high prevalence in orthodontics. The rapid maxillary expansion (RME) surgically assisted is considered the preferred procedure to correction of this alteration in patients skeletally mature. This review discusses the types of palatal expansion and skeletal and soft tissue effects of palatal expansion.


Using an exact numerical solution to Maxwell's equations, we determine the optimum refractive index profile parameter α for a germania-doped silica lightguide. Our results agree closely with the earlier work of Olshansky and Keck and with the work of Marcatili. However, differences exist that may be important in the manufacture of very high bandwidth lightguides.


Epic of Manas; It is a verse work in which the Kırgız wars with their external enemies, the Kalmuks and the Chinese, and the struggles and confusions within themselves. This epic, which has witnessed 1000 years of adventure in the history of the world, has been passed down from generations to generations for centuries. The Manas epic is rich in deep psychological motifs. The epic also includes the people's thoughts about country, difficulty, civilization, nation and their understanding of love, prosperity, administration and death. The strength of the psychological possibilities mentioned in the Epic of Manas and the continuation of the epic renewed every century gives the opportunity to capture the change and development of traditions and customs. The relationship of people with nature and society and their attitude towards them reflect the economic structure and mentality of the period. In this study, Tuncer Gülensoy have translated the Turkish Manas Epic, three criteria (material, surroundings, and time) are examined in was evaluated under various headings. In this study, some economic terms, economic activities and social relations are expressed based on the verses in the "Manas Epic". In the Epic of Manas, the attitude of the society towards the matter, the understanding of ownership, the effect of social relations on the matter were examined. In the epic Manas, the economy is located within the social relations whole, indistinguishable from it. Economic behavior and what determines its consequences are within the rules forming the society. Economic activity is considered as a human-established process that regulates human relations with its social and natural environment.


Softswitch is the core technology of NGN(Next Generation Network).And SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) plays an important role in softswitch.But the NAT(Network Address Translator) traversal for SIP has been an operational impact on the development of NGN service.In this paper,SBC(Session Border Controller) is introduced to solve this problem,and a solution is proposed for SIP traversal NAT based on SBC,implement the communication between two special SIP phones which only receive or do not use the same port to send /receive RTP packets.


This paper reviews recent observations and interpretations of the structure and kinematics of the ionized gas within 2 parsecs of the galactic center. The ionized gas exists largely within several arm‐like features, each of which contains a great deal of internal structure. Two of the arms lie on the inside edge of the rotating ring of neutral material at a radius of 2 pc and take part in that rotation. Two other features, the northern arm and the bar, pass much closer to the center. Their kinematics are not as well understood, although the northern arm appears to define a trajectory of infall towards th IRS 16/Sgr A* complex. A small, but spatially extended region of high velocity gas is found at the location of the above complex. This gas is probably undergoing radial motion and apparently is distant (∼0.05 pc) from the source of its motion; it may be the interface between gas in the bar and an as yet undetected outflowing wind from an active source in the nucleus.


Abstract Free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate has been conducted in the presence of a new catalytic chain-transfer agent at different temperatures. The new catalyst exhibits a strong chain transfer characteristic, and the chain-transfer coefficient varies from 2.8 × 104 to 6.6 × 104 and depends on chain length and temperature. The chain-transfer coefficients decrease with increasing chain length but reach a limiting value for chains more than 8 units in length. The activation energy for the chain transfer coefficient is -10.1 kJ/mol for this catalyst.


1 Basic Concepts and Definitions 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Driving Potential 1.2 Dimensions and Units 1.2.1 Dimensional Homogeneity 1.3 Closed and Open Systems 1.3.1 Closed System (ControlMass) 1.3.2 Isolated System 1.3.3 Open System (ControlVolume) 1.4 Forms of Energy 1.4.1 Internal Energy 1.5 Properties of a System 1.5.1 Intensive and Extensive Properties 1.6 State and Equilibrium 1.7 Thermal and Calorical Properties 1.7.1 Specific Heat of an Incompressible Substance 1.7.2 Thermally Perfect Gas 1.8 The Perfect Gas 1.9 Summary 1.10 Exercise Problems Conduction Heat Transfer 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Conduction Heat Transfer in a Stationary Medium 2.2.1 Energy Flux by Conduction 2.3 Thermal Conductivity 2.4 Boundary and Initial Conditions 2.5 Summary 2.6 Exercise Problems 3 One-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Steady-State Conduction in a Plane Wall 3.2.1 Thermal Resistance 3.3 Heat Conduction across a Cylindrical Shell 3.3.1 Critical Thickness of Insulation 3.4 Steady Conduction in a Spherical Shell 3.4.1 Critical Thickness of Insulation for a Spherical Shell 3.5 Heat Transfer from Extended Surface 3.5.1 Fins 3.5.2 Infinitely Long Fin 3.5.3 Fin Efficiency or Fin Effectiveness 3.6 The Conduction Shape Factor 3.7 Summary 3.8 Exercise Problems Unsteady Heat Conduction 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Transient Conduction in an Infinite Wall 4.2.1 The Dimensionless Groups 4.2.2 Transient Heating of Bodies with Negligible Internal Resistance 4.3 Lumped System Analysis 4.3.1 Convection Boundary Condition 4.3.2 Criteria for Lumped System Analysis 4.3.3 Penetration Depth-Significance of Thermal Diffusivity 4.3.4 Surface Heat Flux from a Semi-Infinite Solid 4.3.5 The Significance of Thermal Diffusivity alpha 4.4 Multidimensional Systems 4.5 Product Solution 4.5.1 The Concept of Product Solution 4.6 Summary 4.7 Exercise Problems Convective Heat Transfer 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Convection Boundary Layers 5.3 The Convection Heat Transfer Equations 5.3.1 The Velocity Boundary Layer 5.3.2 Thermal Boundary Layer 5.4 Approximation and Special Conditions 5.5 Solving Convection Problems 5.5.1 Similarity Parameters in Heat Transfer 5.6 Boundary Layer Similarity Parameters 5.7 Physical Significance of Dimensionless Parameters 5.8 Boundary Layer Concepts 5.9 Thermal Boundary Layer for Flow Past a Heated Plate 5.9.1 Turbulent Flow 5.9.2 Transition Flow 5.10 Free Convection 5.10.1 Local Nusselt Number 5.10.2 Free Convection Correlations 5.11 Free Convection on Vertical Planes and Cylinders 5.11.1 UniformWall Temperature 5.11.2 UniformWall Heat Flux 5.12 Free Convection on a Horizontal Plate 5.12.1 Effects of Turbulence 5.13 Free Convection fromInclined Surfaces 5.13.1 Free Convection on Inclined Cylinders 5.13.2 Free Convection on a Sphere 5.13.3 Simplified Equations for Air 5.14 Free Convection in Enclosed Spaces 5.14.1 Correlation for Free Convection in Enclosed Spaces 5.14.2 Vertical Layer 5.14.3 Inclined Layer 5.14.4 Horizontal Cylindrical Annulus 5.14.5 Spherical Annulus 5.14.6 Non-Newtonian Fluids 5.14.7 Combined Natural and Forced Convection 5.15 Vortex behind a Circular Cylinder 5.15.1 Drag Coefficient 5.15.2 Variation of h around a Cylinder 5.16 Flow Past a Noncircular Cylinder 5.17 Flow Past a Sphere 5.17.1 Drag Coefficient 5.17.2 Heat Transfer Coefficient 5.18 Flow across a Bundle of Tubes 5.18.1 Heat Transfer Correlations 5.18.2 Pressure Drop Correlations 5.18.3 Liquid Metals 5.19 Heat Transfer in High-Speed Flow over a Flat Plate 5.20 Summary 5.21 Exercise Problems 6 Radiation Heat Transfer 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Radiation Mechanism 6.3 Radiation Parameters 6.3.1 Properties of Surfaces 6.4 The Greenhouse Effect 6.4.1 Blackbody Radiation 6.4.2 Emissive Power 6.5 The View or Configuration Factor 6.5.1 View Factor Relation 6.6 Blackbody Radiation Exchange 6.7 Radiation Exchange in an Enclosure 6.7.1 Net Radiation Exchange at a Surface 6.7.2 Radiation Exchange between Surfaces 6.7.3 Two-Surface Enclosure 6.8 Radiation Shields 6.8.1 Radiating Surface 6.9 Limitations 6.10 Gas Radiation 6.11 Radiation from Real Surfaces 6.12 Solar Radiation 6.13 Radiation Properties of the Environment 6.14 Radiation Absorption in Water 6.15 Radiation Effect on Temperature Measurement 6.16 Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient 6.17 Summary 6.18 Exercise Problems 7 Mass Transfer 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mass Transfer Process 7.3 Fick's Law of Diffusion 7.4 Species Conservation Equation 7.5 Steady-State Diffusion in Dilute Solutions in Stationary Media 7.6 Transient Diffusion in Dilute Solution in Stationary Media 7.7 Diffusion in a Semi-Infinite Slab 7.8 Diffusion in Nondilute Gases 7.9 Convective Mass Transfer 7.10 Counterdiffusion in Gases 7.11 Evaporation of Water 7.12 Summary 7.13 Exercise Problems 8 Boiling and Condensation 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Boiling Heat Transfer 8.2.1 Pool Boiling 8.3 Heat Transfer Correlations in Pool Boiling 8.4 Peak Heat Flux 8.5 Minimum Heat Flux 8.6 Film Boiling 8.7 Flow Boiling 8.8 Condensation Heat Transfer 8.9 Film Condensation 8.9.1 Flow Regimes 8.9.2 Flow Condensation Heat Transfer Correlations 8.10 Wavy Laminar Flow over a Vertical Plate 8.11 Turbulent Flow on Vertical Plates 8.11.1 Inclined Plate 8.11.2 Vertical Tubes 8.11.3 Horizontal Tubes and Spheres 8.11.4 Horizontal Tube Banks 8.12 Film Condensation inside Horizontal Tubes 8.13 Dropwise Condensation 8.14 Summary 8.15 Exercise Problems 9 Heat Exchangers 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Types of Heat Exchangers 9.3 The OverallHeat Transfer Coefficient 9.4 Fouling Factors 9.5 Heat Exchanger Performance 9.6 Log Mean Temperature Difference Method 9.6.1 Counter-FlowHeat Exchanger 9.6.2 Multipass and Cross-Flow Heat Exchanger 9.7 The Effective-NTU Method 9.7.1 Use of _-NTU Relations for Rating and Sizing of Heat Exchangers 9.8 Compact Heat Exchangers 9.9 Analysis for Variable Properties 9.10 Boilers and Condensers 9.11 Selection of Heat Exchangers 9.11.1 Heat Transfer Rate 9.11.2 Cost 9.11.3 Size and Weight 9.11.4 Pumping Power 9.11.5 Materials 9.12 Summary 9.13 Exercise Problems Appendix Index


In this paper, we assess students' performance in Elements of Statistics, one of the popular courses in general education, using data from UWF (University of West Florida) for fall 2008, fall 2009, and fall 2010 semesters. We analyze associations between students' performance in the course and several performance related factors including: college and high school GPA (grade point averages), prerequisite algebra courses, and scores on standardized examinations. Our analyses show that the college GPA is the single most reliable predictor of performance in Elements of Statistics, and that a more stable prediction is obtained when the college GPA is used in conjunction with math and English scores on a standardized test, such as the SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) or ACT (American College Testing). Aside from interpreting our results, we offer suggestions regarding curriculum development and placement criteria for Elements of Statistics.


The present invention relates to a boiler adapted (30) oxygen combustion, comprising: a combustion chamber (31), water preheater (33) and an evaporator (38, 40), wherein the combustion chamber at least partially by the water preheater (33) components. The present invention further relates to a method for oxyfuel combustion to produce hot water, comprising a liquid with oxygen combustion flame to heat the cold water is heated. Embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, a preferred method of the present invention is used.


The proliferation of automation has created an increasing demand for robots in every area of the manufacturing industry. FANUC robots are very widely used in automated production lines because of its intelligent functions with flexible open architecture. It allows the users to plugin online additional components such as vision and sensor systems to support the development of robotic systems. FANUC also has an offline simulation tool called Roboguide, which allows the users to simulate a virtual robotic cell in 3D, eliminating the need for expensive physical prototype setup. This tool supports the virtual integration of an integral Robot Vision (iRVision) capabilities. However, this feature is limited to virtual vision or using very expensive FANUC compatible cameras that allow the users to take a real mode image and simulate it in the virtual world. In this paper, we propose an offline plugin for interfacing normal cameras of any type including webcams to the FANUC iRVision system for the virtual simulation of real mode images. It was developed using an Open Computer Vision (OCV) plugin and tested it by physically capturing the real image of the object using a webcam interfaced with the iRVision system and processed it on the virtual robot controller. The test results show that this cost-effective plugin can be used as an OCV in industrial automation and robotic building system without any compromise in terms of performance and quality.


To solve the problem of lithologic identification of Santanghu Basin and propel the development of sieve residue log from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis,Tuha Well Logging Company introduced 'X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer' which aim at drilling debris research and to launch the tracking test analysis in Santanghu Basin.According to the X-ray fluorescence analysis technic of well-logging with drilling to the appraisal well as well as exploratory well of M215,M49,M53,T23,T26,we put forward the method which called 'element characteristic ratio analysis' to identify the formation lithology for the first time,meanwhile,not only solve the vexed question preliminarily of petrosilex lithological character identification of Santanghu Basin which perplexed us for many years,but also get a suitable way to promote the efficiency of lithologic identification of debris logging in Santanghu Basin with great effect during practical operation.


The geology beneath London provides a range of resources and services to the city and its inhabitants. Water taken from the chalk bedrock, foundations and tunnels sunk into the subsurface and heat transfer with the ground all contribute to the wider economy. Geological complexity, including the presence of geological faults, has a significant bearing on this surface and subsurface development. BGS published maps provide developers and other key stakeholders with essential information that informs effective planning and design. Although conventional geological maps identify relatively little faulting in London, observations of temporary exposures and borehole records have shown that in reality faults are numerous and widespread. Recent BGS work has addressed this by employing innovative 3D geological modelling techniques to investigate the subsurface and provide a considerably enhanced understanding of the extent and impact of faulting beneath London. The study has recognised and delineated more faults, and with more confidence, than was previously possible. The new interpretation has direct implications for groundwater management and infrastructure development in the city, including new surface and underground rail links. The approach pioneered in London can be applied where similar problems exist elsewhere in the UK and overseas, especially in major urban areas.


GM2Calc is a leading tool for calculating precise contributions to $a_\mu$ in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. In this proceeding we detail GM2Calc version 2 where it is extended so it can calculate two-loop contributions to $a_\mu$ in the Two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM), based on the work in Ref. [1]. The 2HDM is a simple model, yet it is one of the few single field extensions of the Standard Model which is able to explain the muon $g-2$ anomaly. We demonstrate the powerful and flexible 2HDM capabilities of GM2Calc2, which include the most precise contributions in the literature and allow the user to work in their favourite type of the 2HDM as well as use complex and lepton flavour violating couplings. With its multiple interfaces and input flexibility, GM2Calc2 is a powerful tool both as a standalone code and as part of a larger code toolchain.


This study aims to analyze the influence of perceived value on purchasing decisions gold 22% Kraksaan city probolinggo. To find out how much influence the dependent variable (buying decisions) to the independent variables (Quality/Performance Value, Emotional Value, Functional Value, Social Value). This study uses multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 17.0. This data collection method uses a questionnaire to  consumer of  Pusaka Mas  store  in Kraksaan..  Questionnaires were distributed  100 questionnaires. The results of studies using multiple linear regression analysis, showed that simultaneous variabel  quality/performance value  (X1), emotional value  (X2), functional value  (X3), social value  (X4),  has a significant influence on buying decisions (Y). While partial, variable funtcional value showed a significant effect on decision buying consumen. Keywords: Perceived Value, Quality/Performance Value, Emotional Value, Functional Value, Social Value, and Purchase Decision.


Plants in the Guainica Forest (lat. 180 N) grew under the following climatic conditions: annual temperature, 25.8'C; annual rainfall, 929 mm; annual pan evaporation, 2074 mm; actual evapotranspiration, 722 mm; yearly runoff, 205 mm; and mean solar radiation, 4366 kcal/m2/day. The climate was seasonal with most of the runoff between September and October. Soils normally exhibited water deficits during 10 months of the year. Shallow soils with frequent limestone outcropping compounded the water-supply problem of plants. Four upland plant associations were studied. The scrub forest had a basal area (BA) of 4.2 m2/ha and a complexity index (CI) of 2 calculated for trees with dbh > 5 cm. Its shallow soils were very sandy, or rocky. Succulent plants were common, and the canopy was open. The deciduous forest had a BA of 8 m2/ha and a CI of 20. Its soils were deeper, and comprised of 64 percent sand and 33 percent silt. A taller and denser canopy developed in this forest. A mahogany plantation grew in semi-evergreen forest soils. There, soils were as deep as 1 m and rich in clay and silt. An ecotonal forest (between deciduous and semi-evergreen) had a BA of 10.7 m2/ha and a CI of 20. The canopy of the ecotonal forest was relatively closed with a leaf area index (LAI) that varied seasonally between 1.2 and 4.2. Plant photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, litter fall, and loose litter standing crop responded to moisture availability. Net daytime pho:osynthesis increased linearly with soil moisture availability (r = 0.76) and averaged 2.0 g/m2 leaf area/day for non-succulent plants. Nighttime respiration rates increased with decreasing soil moisture availability (r=0.65) and averaged 0.36 g/m2 leaf area/day for non-succulent plants and 0.1 g/m2 photosynthetic area/day for succulent plants. Tree trunks respired during the dry season at a rate of 2.64 g/m2 surface area/day. Soil respiration was 4.74 g/m2/day. Transpiration of succulent plants was 64 g H20/m2 photosynthetic area/day, while for non-succulent plants it was 576 g H20/m2 leaf area/day. Water-use efficiency was 6.2 for succulent plants and 1.8 for non-succulent plants. Succulent plants also exhibited nighttime or 24 hr C-uptake and water loss during early morning or late afternoon. Leaf fall and standing crop of loose litter increased with decreasing soil moisture availability. Mean litter-fall production for the scrub, deciduous forest, and mahogany plantation in g/m2/day was: 0.28, 0.79. and 1.48, respectively. Mean litter fall and mean standing crop of loose litter for the forest as a whole were 0.66 g/m2/day and 715 g/m2, respectively. Mean annual litter turnover was 0.34. Gross primary productivity averaged 6 g/m2/day and correlated linearly with soil moisture availability (r = 0.87). It is concluded that soil moisture availability (a function of shallow soils and low rainfall) is the factor that determines forest productivity, growth characteristics, water loss, and physiognomy. THE GUANICA FOREST is located on the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico (approx. 180 N lat.). The forest is underlain by limestones of Miocene and Oligocene age which surface in some places, and become virtually the only substrate for plant growth at elevations below 80 m (Monroe 1976). The 3998 ha forest became a Commonwealth Forest in 1917 and has been protected from farming or grazing for more than 40 years although post-sized timber has been extracted periodically. Ewel and Whitmore (1973) classified the area in the Subtropical Dry Forest Life Zone, a water-limited life zone. The vegetation of this region has been described by a number of authors (Gleason and Cook 1927, Wadsworth 1950, Williams 1967, Little and Wadsworth 1964, Kepler and Kepler 1973, and Little et al. 1974). Quantitative descriptions of vegetation, however, are lacking. Gleason and Cook (1927) described seven plant associations for the south coast of Puerto Rico and discussed their successional relationships. They noted the presence of a bank of epiphytic plants in the Guanica Forest at an elevation of 80 m. This elevation coincides roughly with the transition between the scrubby cactus forest growing at lower elevations and the continuous canopy forest of the uplands. In a generalized vegetation map of Puerto Rico, Little and Wadsworth (1964) referred to the Guainica Forest as a Dry Limestone Forest. This study was undertaken as a necessary prerequisite to the development and implementation of a management plan for the Guainica Forest. In this paper, we present the most important findings of a three-year ( 1974-1976) research effort that included mapping and quantitative descriptions of plant associations, monitoring of litter fall and climatic factors, determination of rates of C02 and H20 gas exchange, and modeling of ecosystem processes. Results of computer simulations of ecosystem processes are not presented in this report but were reported in Gonzalez-Liboy et al. (1976) and may be obtained from K. Dugger. 1Current address: Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. 2The editor apologises to the authors for having set all their rate expressions, such as 4366 Kcal/m2. day, in the traditional form 4366 Kcal/m2/day. 278 BIOTROPICA 10(4): 278-291 1978 This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Fri, 02 Sep 2016 05:41:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


Laser metal deposition (LMD) is a laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) technology that offers significant advantages in the production and repair of bespoke and valuable parts targeting applications in the aerospace, tooling and medical industries. A significant problem with AM is the development of high residual stresses, deformation and cracking. Advanced sensing technologies can be a useful tool for characterising residual stress (RS) and the structural response of AM aerospace components under fatigue loading conditions. This paper reports on a feasibility study assessing the performance of fibre optic (FO) distributed strain measurement technology to measure surface RS in comparison to traditional electrical resistance strain gauges and the contour method. The results from this study will be used to justify further experimental work. Introduction LMD applications have been targeted for repairing intricate geometries and structural restoration of specialised high value components such as sintered tools and aerospace components [1,2]. Metallic powder is blown through a deposition nozzle and heated with a laser to produce a metallic bead that is deposited, layer by layer and track by track, to build-up a part or to add layers of material to an existing part. The nozzle system shrouds the work area with shield gas thereby eliminating the requirement for enclosures with controlled environments and thus providing exciting opportunities for Defence applications. LMD delivers high density deposited material with a strong metallurgical bond to the substrate. However, the repeated and highly localised heating and cooling lead to non-uniform thermal expansion and contraction which results in a complicated distribution of RS in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and distortion of the part [3,4]. Similar to the HAZ in welding, RSs are detrimental to the structural integrity of the part, with warping and stress concentrations promoting fatigue cracking and inducing unpredictable buckling in service. The nature and magnitude of RS in the deposited material and substrate affect the integrity of the component. In a previous study RS was reported to be lower transverse to the deposition track and for shorter track lengths, due to higher remnant heat leading to smaller temperature gradients which in turn leads to lower RS [5]. The HAZ and molten pool had an elongated shape in the deposition direction and the temperature gradient was pronounced due to the relatively low thermal conductivity of Ti6Al4V [6]. This could induce an uneven RS profile with peak RS coinciding with the final track deposit and laser stop position [7]. Structural Health Monitoring Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 18 (2021) 37-44 https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644901311-5 38 Methods for measuring RS include the contour method, a destructive and time-intensive test that determines RS by creating a free surface and measuring the resulting deformation due to RS redistribution. It delivers a 2D through-thickness RS contour map. Neutron diffraction delivers a non-destructive through-thickness line measurement but is sample-size restrictive and timeintensive. In the present study, a non-destructive alternative is proposed using FO sensing (FOS), a rapidly evolving technology which has been considered for structural health monitoring of airframes, bridges and pipelines. Developments in FOS using continuous fibre gratings allow this technology to offer a densely distributed strain measurement capability. Distributed sensing is achieved using a low reflectivity grating, which is a small periodic change in refractive index of the glass fibre core, written over the entire fibre length as it is being fabricated in the draw tower. This configuration is known as a continuous fibre grating [8]. These sensing systems rely on spatially interrogating the backscattered light from the gratings via optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), which measures the spectral shift of the backscattered light in time (via a fast Fourier transform) and then scales this shift by the known number of gratings to correlate changes in length to corresponding changes in strain [9]. It was proposed that FOS could potentially deliver surface RS measurements comparable to the well-established contour method in a shorter timeframe. Therefore, this paper reports on a feasibility study assessing the performance of FO distributed strain measurement technology to measure surface RS in comparison to industry standard electrical resistance foil strain gauges (FSGs) and the contour method reported in [4]. The results from this feasibility study will be used to justify further experimental work. Experimental Method Material. Rectangular section fatigue coupons, measuring 200 × 19 × 6.35 mm, were manufactured from Ti-6Al-4V plate, Figure 1(a). A section measuring 19 × 12.7 × 0.8 mm was machined out of the centre gauge length (Figure 1, BL-GO) and repaired with one layer of laser deposited Ti-6Al-4V powder. The RS distributions of two deposition strategies were studied: LMD-1 is a continuous raster scan with deposition tracks parallel to the coupon length and loading direction, Figure 1(b); and LMD-2 which is a continuous raster scan with deposition tracks perpendicular to the coupon length and loading direction, Figure 1(c). Five coupons were tested in total, two LMD-1 and three LMD-2 type coupons. The baseline and baseline grind-out coupons are shown in Figure 1(a) for reference only. Thermal cycling and RS from the repair process resulted in coupon bowing, Figure 2. Figure 1. Fatigue coupons: (a) baseline (BL) with no repair; baseline grind-out (BL-GO) with no repair but indicates repair area; laser metal deposition (LMD-1) repair tracks parallel to coupon gauge length and loading direction, refer to (b); and (LMD-2) repair tracks perpendicular to coupon gauge length and loading direction, refer to (c). (b) (a)


Noticing the existing gap between two consecutive frames in a rolling shutter (RS) based image sensor communication system, we propose a method to obtain the frame gap time and the read-out time of the image sensor. Accordingly, we design and optimize the packet-reconstruction scheme in the presence of their adverse effects. We further suggest a beacon-jointed RS scheme with an novel header estimation strategy to reduce the extra cost for packet recovery and increase the transmission data rate. We present various experimental results to validate our design and method.


Objective To investigate the significance and relationship between serum amyloid protein A(SAA) and uveitis.Methods For 38 patients with uveitis and 31 healthy people,SAA and C-reactive protein(CRP) were measured by nephelometry immunoassay,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) was measured by Wei Shi method.Results SAA,CRP and ESR levels were (20.59±22.85)mg·L-1,(4.77±4.50)mg·L-1 and (20.97±27.80)mm·h-1,respectively,in uveitis patients,which were significantly higher than (2.33±0.94)mg·L-1,(1.63±0.75)mg·L-1 and (10.14±8.24)mg·L-1,respectively,in people of control group(all P0.05).The positive rate of SAA was obviously higher than those of CRP and ESR(both P0.05).SAA level was positively correlated with that of CRP.Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they suffered from autoimmune diseases,SAA,CRP and ESR levels in both two groups were significantly higher than those in control group(all P0.05),no significant difference was found between these two groups(all P0.05),and the positive rate of SAA was higher than that of CRP and ESR in each of the two groups(both P0.05).Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of whether they suffered from uveitis for the first time,SAA,CRP and ESR levels in both two groups were significantly higher than those in control group(all P0.05).There was no statistical difference between the two groups(all P0.05).The positive rate of SAA was significantly higher than that of CRP and ESR in each of the two groups(both P0.05).Conclusion SAA has a close relationship with uveitis,and is more sensitive compared with CRP or ESR,so SAA can be an objective and sensitive index in uveitis.


The utility model discloses a mold for quickly piercing holes on an annular metal frame, comprising a lower mold plate, a concave mold plate and a guide ring, wherein the concave mold plate is mounted on the upper end surface of the lower mold plate; the guide ring and a lower mold fixation plate are sleeved with the outer part of the concave mold plate in turn; a side plate is mounted on the lower mold fixation plate, a lower tapered wedge is mounted between the side plate and the guide ring, a plurality of sets of elastic reset elements are mounted among the lower tapered wedge, the guide ring and the side plate, a piercing head direct towards the guide ring and the concave mold plate is mounted on the upper end of the lower tapered wedge, a material pressing plate is mounted on the upper end of the concave mold plate, an upper mold plate is mounted on the upper end surface of the material pressing plate, an upper mold plate fixation plate is fixed on the lower end surface of the upper mold plate at the outer side of the material pressing plate and an upper tapered wedge mated with the lower tapered wedge is mounted on the upper mold plate fixation plate. The annular metal frame is subject to one-time quickly hole-piercing. The mold has features of ensured each pierced size of the products, increased rate of products meeting standards, increased production efficiency and product quality and reduced production cost.


The article argues in favour of applying the principle of utilitarian textocentrism in cognitive lexicography due to its great potential as an engine for transforming the dictionary into a better instrument for studying foreign vocabulary in a consistent and systemic manner.


Three commercial organically modified montmorillonites (OMMTs), with increasing surface hydrophobicities of CL30B < CL25A < CL20A, were selected for melt compounding poly(trimethyl terephthalate)/montmorillonite (PTT/MMT) nanocomposites. The effects of the polymer-MMT interactions, MMT content, mixing time, and intensity of shear on the dispersion of clay and the resulted morphologies of the nanocomposites were investigated. The wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that CL30B was completely exfoliated whereas CL25A and CL20A were partially exfoliated in the PTT matrix with the clay loadings of 1 wt% and 3 wt%. Moreover, the exfoliation of the three clay stacks showed both mixing time and shear intensity dependences, especially depending markedly on increased shear intensity. When a glycidyl end-capped epoxy resin was added during mixing, the exfoliation levels of CL25A and CL20A were improved considerably, whereas it decreased markedly for CL30B because of the "locking" effect of epoxy on the slippage process of the CL30B stacks. However, epoxy only contributes a little to the increase in the intercalation level of the PTT chains in the three OMMT layers. The differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) results showed that the crystallization process of the PTT matrix was accelerated significantly in the presence of clay, especially by the finer clay dispersion.


Tilapia guineensis eggs were spawned and hatched in different salinities (17, 12, 7, 5, 2 and 0) ppt. The study was conducted in eight replicates. The aim of the investigation was to ascertain disparity in hatching size of Tilapia guineensis attributable to salinity. Immediately hatching was observed, body weight of five hatchlings in each replicate was individually weighed in milligramme. The individual total length of the five hatchlings was also measured in millimeter. The height of the yolk sac larva was determined with micro-metre screw gauge graduated in millimeter from the top of the yolk sac to the dorsal region of the larva. Data obtained were used to calculate yolk sac volume. Significant differences (P<0.01) were observed in body weight and total length of larvae hatched in different salinities. The heaviest and longest larvae were hatched in 12 ppt saline water. The yolk sac volume of larvae hatched in lower salinities were significantly higher (P<0.01) than the yolk sac volume of larvae hatched in higher salinities. The smallest yolk sac volume was recorded in 12ppt saline water. Our findings show that salinity could be manipulated for economic production of heavier seeds of Tilapia. INTRODUCTION The effects of salinity on course of embryonic development of many fish species have been discussed by several authors. Bonislawska (2009) reported size differences between larvae of Salmo trutta hatched from eggs incubated at different salinities. Vetemaa and Saat (1996) found larva of the freshwater ruffe to develop regularly when the eggs were incubated at 1 to 6ppt salinities. The embryos developing from eggs of the Baltic bay ruffe were more salinity tolerant as normal individuals hatched from eggs incubated at 7, 8 and 9 ppt and their maximum body length was always attained at salinity higher than the eggs of freshwater ruffe. Albert et al (2004) reported that the length of Coregenous larvaetus moraenoides free embryos was highest at 2.1 ppt. However, Kucera et al (2002) reported no significant difference in size at hatch of Cynoscion nebulosus larva in 20 ppt and 40 ppt salinities. Bonislawska (2009) observed that depending on the water salinity, the newly hatched larvae of Sea trout (Salmo trutta) showed significant differences in length and weight. The longest and heaviest larva hatched from 0 ppt and those incubated in the low salinities. Swanson (1996) reported that the newly hatched larvae of Chanos chanos differed in their size parameters within the range of 15 to 55 ppt. Those larvae developing at optimum salinity (35 ppt) were the longest and their yolk sacs were the smallest. The study reported here, presented the effects of salinity on the size of the newly hatched larvae of Tilapia guineensis. Salinity effect on hatching size could be utilized in 52 Uka, A; Sikoki, F.D & Edun, M.O. FISON EKO 2010 ISSN: 1117-3149 PROCEEDINGS OF FISHERIES SOCIETY OF NIGERIA (FISON) ASCON, BADAGRY 25th-29th OCTOBER 2010 FSN-AQ 0010 economic production of heavier seeds of Tilapia guineensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male and female Tilapia guineesis of relatively uniform sizes were paired for spawning in 17, 12, 7, 6, 5, 2 and 0 ppt salinities. 12, 7, 6, 5, and 2 salinity ranges were obtained by diluting high salinity (17 ppt) with 0ppt (non saline) rain water. Salinity was checked with handheld Refractometer (Atago S/Mill-E, Japan). All hatching vats were kept under the same condition of natural photoperiod and light illumination. The hatching trials were replicated in eight places for each treatment. Immediately hatching was observed, total length of five hatchlings were individually measured in each replicate. The total length was sized and read with a pair of divider and metre rule respectively. Total length was measured from the tip of the snout to the end of the caudal fin. The height of yolk sac larva was determined with micro meter screw gauge graduated in mm from the top of the yolk to the dorsal region of the larva. Data obtained were used to calculate the yolk sac volume from the enlongated ellipsoid formula: V = 6  1h 2 (mm 3 ) (Gisbert et al 2000). Where 1 = length of the yolk sac larvae, h = height of the yolk sac. Individual weight of the five hatchlings per replicate was weighed with top load precision electronic balance to the nearest 0.1mg. The hatching water temperature and p H were monitored using Hannah equipment temperature and p H metres. Treatment means were analysed employing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Two tailed multiple comparison procedure (F-LSD) was used to separate treatment means that differed in the observed probability level as implemented in Obi (1990). RESULTS Data obtained showed that the effect of salinity on larval hatching length and weight were highly significant (P<0.01). See tables 1.0 and 2.0. The longest and heaviest larvae were hatched in 12 ppt saline water. However, the length of larvae hatched in 6, 7 and 17 ppt were not significant (P>0.01). Also the weight of larvae hatched in 5, 6, 7 and 17 ppt were not significantly different (P>0.01). The length and weight of larvae hatched within the salinity limit of 0 – 2 ppt were significantly smaller than the length and weight of larvae hatched in higher salinity ranges (5 – 17 ppt). On the contrary, the yolk sac height and volume of larvae hatched in lower salinities were significantly higher (P<0.01) than the yolk sac height and volume of larvae hatched in higher salinities. The smallest yolk sac height and volume was recorded in 12 ppt saline water (Tables 3 and 4). The yolk sac height and volume of larvae hatched within the salinity ranges of 5 – 17 ppt were not significant (P>0.01). However, the yolk sac height and volume of larvae hatched in 17 ppt were higher than the yolk sac height and volume of larvae hatched in 7 ppt salinity. The effect of salinity on hatchling dimension observed in the study, resemble normal distribution having its peak around 12 ppt salinity. There was no significant difference in the hatching water temperature and p H (table 5). DISCUSSION The salinity limits investigated in this study showed concentration dependent effects on hatching size and yolk sac dimension of Tilapia guineensis. The heaviest and longest larvae were hatched in 12 ppt saline water. The yolk sac height and volume of larvae hatched in lower salinities were significantly higher than the yolk sac height and volume of larvae hatched in higher salinities. The shortest yolk sac height and the smallest yolk sac volume were recorded in 12 ppt saline water. 53 Effects Of Salinity On Larval Dimension Of Tilapia Guineensis FISON EKO 2010 ISSN: 1117-3149 PROCEEDINGS OF FISHERIES SOCIETY OF NIGERIA (FISON) ASCON, BADAGRY 25th-29th OCTOBER 2010 FSN-AQ 0010 Physiological imbalance may be responsible for the differences observed in the hatching sizes and the yolk dimensions among the treatments. Influx and efflux of salt into embryo due to unfavourable incubation salinity may result in rapid alteration in the embryo's physiology during the early period of the exposure. Such change could affect the hatching and yolk sizes of the embryo. Swanson (1996), reported oxygen consumption of the milk fish (Chanos chanos) to be optimum at 35‰. Consequently, embryos developing at 35‰ were longer than those developing within the salinity ranges 15 – 20‰ and 50 55‰. A similar situation was observed in this study. The longest and heaviest larvae hatched with smallest yolk sac from the eggs spawned in the best of all the salinities studied. Bonilawska (2009) reported that longest and largest larvae of Salmo trutta hatched from those incubated at the lowest salinity (0 ppt). The highest salinity (3‰) proved lethal for the developing embryos and hatching did not occur. On the other hand, salinity of 2 ppt did not stop hatching, but reduced the size of the newly hatched larvae. The above findings show that the optimal salinity for hatching heavy and long T. guineensis lies around 12 ppt salinity. Distant salinities from 12 ppt may not be favourable enough for hatching best Tilapia guineensis in terms of size. Salinity could therefore be manipulated for economic production of heavy and long seeds of Tilapia guineensis . Table 1.0: Total Length of T. guineensis hatchling in different salinities Salinity Replicates Mean 17 5.20 4.68 5.02 4.70 4.58 4.86 5.02 4.92 4.8725 ab 12 5.40 4.70 5.20 4.80 4.90 5.10 5.00 4.90 5.0000 a 7 5.20 4.80 4.90 4.60 4.60 5.00 5.10 4.60 4.8500 ab 6 4.92 4.78 4.90 4.70 4.70 4.90 5.00 4.60 4.8050 b 5 4.70 4.70 4.90 4.80 4.40 4.60 4.90 4.70 4.7125 b 2 4.30 4.20 4.30 4.80 4.20 4.40 4.22 4.36 4.3475 c 0 4.26 4.40 4.50 4.80 4.00 4.20 4.32 4.12 4.3250 c Means not followed by the same letter are significantly different at 1% level of probability. Table 2.0: Body Weight of T. guineensis hatchling in different salinities Salinity Replicates Mean 17 2.86 2.80 2.64 2.44 2.72 2.68 2.56 2.60 2.66 a 12 2.92 2.84 2.72 2.56 2.76 2.76 2.52 2.76 2.73 a 7 2.82 2.82 2.64 2.44 2.72 2.80 2.44 2.76 2.68 a 6 2.81 2.84 2,64 2.40 2.76 2.60 2.46 2.74 2.66a 5 2.86 2.82 2.62 2.48 2.60 2.48 2.54 2.74 2.64 b 2 1.92 1.92 1.90 1.96 1.90 1.88 1.876 1.92 1.91 b 0 1.96 1.96 1.92 1.88 1.l88 1.88 1.88 1.84 1.91 b Means not followed by the same letter are significantly different at 1% level of probability. 54 Uka, A; Sikoki, F.D & Edun, M.O. FISON EKO 2010 ISSN: 1117-3149 PROCEEDINGS OF FISHERIES SOCIETY OF NIGERIA (FISON) ASCON, BADAGRY 25th-29th OCTOBER 2010 FSN-AQ 0010 Table 3.0: Height (mm) of yolk sac larvae hatched in different salinities Salinity Replicates Mean 17 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.20 0.24 0.25 0.255 b 12 0.28 0.26 0.26 0.22 0.23 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.236 b 7 0.28 0.26 0.28 0.24 0.27 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.254 b 6 0.30 0,27 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.258 b 5 0.29 0.27 0.29 0.25 0.27 0.19 0.25 0.25 0.258 b 2 0.30 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.32 0.35 0.31 0.31 0.315 a 0 0.31 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.34 0.30 0.32 0.32 0.323 a Means not followed by the same letter are


A new scheme is proposed paper to distinguish inrush and internal fault occrred in the transformer.This scheme is based on filtet and the wavelut transform.The feature of the inrush and fault current is extracted from the local maxima of the wavelet fransforms and described clearly.The results of the digital simulation show that the method can identify fault current and inrush current.


J. Dover Wilson once remarked of The Taming of the Shrew that "although it reads rather ill in the library, it goes rather well on the stage."1 Wilson's remark separates the two distinctly different ways of experiencing a Shakespearean play. The first is "literary": an encounter with the text as a piece of literature to be studied, where such factors as our preconceptions of the play or knowledge of its sources, our previous readings of the play, and our knowledge of its "place" in Shakespeare's "development" all contribute to how we "see" or want to see a particular work.2 The second is "theatrical": an encounter with the play as Shakespeare originally intended it to be experienced -on the stage -where the sensory data of the production, including the director's use of lighting, blocking, props, music, his direction of the actors, and the actors' own interpretations of their roles may forge in our mind a new appreciation and understanding of a play we thought we knew quite well.


Abstract— The spectral features and related parameters of the ground state structure of 1,3,6′,8′‐tetramethyldehydrodianthrone (TMD) which, according to the theoretical approach used in this paper, is identical with dehydrodianthrone, have been calculated with the aid of the Pariser‐Pam‐Pople semiempirical SCF LCAO MO method with CI. The calculated singlet‐singlet absorption spectra and triplet‐triplet absorption spectra are in very good agreement with previous experimental findings. The object of the present paper, however, is to theoretically establish the nature of the green photochromic species of TMD. Calculations have been made for several plausible structures for this species which have been proposed earlier. The results suggest that the valence‐isomeric form V is the most probable structure of the green photochromic form of the dehydrodianthrone and its derivatives.


SUMMARY Hardwoods reproduce naturally through seedlings established in the understory, through sprouts that emerge from the stump or roots of cut trees, and through seedlings that start in new openings. Some species reprQduce in all three ways. Under-story reproduction is usually of shade-tolerant species with inherently slow early growth rates. Generally, the taller an understory tree is before release, the faster it will grow after release. Seedlings that start in new openings are usually shade intolerant and fast growing but require seed trees and a relatively bare seedbed to get started. Whether of tolerant or intolerant species, sprouts grow rapidly for the first 5 years or so. Most conditions under which hardwoods reproduce are considered in Form 1, which can be used for preharvest sampling to predict postharvest reproduction. The form is preliminary and will be improved as experience and research information become available. Certain events, though, may never be predictable , such as a major overflow that deposits silt and forms a suitable seedbed and at the same time carries seeds that establish dense seedling sta~ds. Where reproduction is unsatisfactory, planting is a reliable method for establishing most hardwoods. But the system being ,used by industry in the South,for establishing plantations requires clearing, raking, and disking followed by straddle-cultivation or disking around the planted seedlings. This combination of treatments usually gives good results but is expensive and requires terrain suitable for farm equipment.


This study explored Korean child EFL learners' acquisition of English inflectional phrases. Based on the basic tenets of Weak Continuity...


ABSTRACT The Tarbagatay Complex, located in northwest Junggar, is situated tectonically between the Zharma–Saur arc to the north and the Tacheng terrane and the Boshchekol–Chingiz arc to the south. This Complex belt is variably composed of ophiolitic mélange, sedimentary mélange, and coherent units of turbidites and shallow water sediments. These rocks crop out in fault-bound slices with fault-parallel asymmetric folds. Both the lithologies and deformation features of the Tarbagatay Complex suggest an accretionary origin generally with a top-to-the-south tectonic vergence, suggesting N-dipping subduction beneath the Zharma–Saur arc. The presence of a former ocean is indicated by the Ordovician ophiolite mélanges and related marine fossils. The time duration of the Tarbagatay Complex can be bracketed by detrital zircon ages of turbidites and shallow water sediments with a lower limit of major peak ages of 350–370 Ma, and an upper limit of middle Permian indicated by detrital zircon ages of 262.3 Ma. Based on these data, we suggest that the subduction of the Tarbagatay Ocean likely started in the Late Devonian and lasted until the middle Permian. Taking into account the formation of the northern part of the Kazakhstan orocline, which has a similar temporal-spatial framework, we propose a tectonic model for the western CAOB that involves accretion and amalgamation from the Ordovician to the middle Permian.


This paper addresses the unusual combustion hazards of silane and its chlorides, comprising the homologous chlorosilane series SiHnCl4-n. The literature on silane is briefly reviewed and new experimental data presented showing the effects of sudden releases into free air. New data are presented for ignition sensitivities and deflagration rates of chlorosilane mixtures with air. Specific hazardous reactions of this group of materials are described and contrasted with those of the analogous alkanes. Mechanisms for flame acceleration and transition to detonation are discussed.


This article reviews previous strategies designed to teach students about White skin privilege. Based on this review, an out-of-class experiential assignment was developed and then implemented. The findings show that the assignment succeeded in making White privilege visible to White students. Instructors teaching students about cultural diversity in the United States inevitably need to address how racism, oppression, structural inequality, etc. affect individuals and families. Students in these classes typically find it easy to recognize and acknowledge racism and discrimination in society (Goldstein, 2000). Many students have difficulty, however, perceiving that they, because of their socially valued physical, economic, or cultural characteristics, experience a privileged place in U.S. society--that their often unquestioned acceptance of the meritocratic nature of that society is false (Swank, Asada, & Lott, 2001). According to McIntosh (2001), privilege, whether in terms of race, gender, sexuality, or class (Lorber, 1994; Penelope, 1993), is "an invisible package of unearned assets" that a person "can count on cashing in each day" (p. 95), but of which most privileged people are entirely unaware because they take these privileges for granted. For them, these privileges are considered normal, everyday experiences that everybody is expected to have (Crosby, 1997; Hurtado & Stewart, 1997). On the other hand, members of minority groups tend to be constantly aware of the privileges denied to them. Persistent confrontation with a system of unearned privileges that benefits the dominant group serves as a constant reminder of their status as second-class citizens (McIntosh, 2001). Because privilege is typically lived but not seen (Feagin & Vera, 1995), teaching White students about White privilege is very difficult (Pence & Fields, 1999) and can lead to a variety of reactions, ranging from denial, resistance, and defensiveness to feelings of guilt, anger, hostility, and outrage (Bohmer & Briggs, 1991; Iyer, Leach, & Crosby, 2003; Lucal, 1996; Swim & Miller, 1999). This may explain why "attention to the question of whiteness as race, as privilege, as social construction" (Fine, Weis, Powell, & Wong, 1997, p. vii) is often absent from the class curriculum (Manglitz, 2003). However, as Green (2001) argued, teaching White privilege and its implications is necessary, if not crucial, in family science and service learning courses, especially, when the majority of the students are White and the majority of those being served are of color. Empathy with culturally diverse clients is generally considered a requirement for developing a positive multicultural service provider-client relationship (Ancis & Sanchez-Hucles, 2000; Thompson & Neville, 1999). It necessitates knowing one's own attitudes and beliefs about other racial and ethnic groups, and being conscious of one's own role in perpetuating racism and discrimination, and the degree to which one profits from privilege (Helms, 1995; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). Thus, instructors have to ask themselves how they can make the concept of White privilege visible to their White students. Feagin and Vera (1995) suggest that Whites may need a critical event or experience to help them recognize how race (1) operates in their own lives. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe an out-of-class activity that makes unearned White privilege visible to White students and helps them to become aware of its existence in their own communities. Through this activity, students may learn how they themselves may or may not benefit from such privilege. In reviewing the literature on White privilege, I searched Social Science Abstracts, PsychInfo, and the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection for the past 20 years for articles that discuss the importance of teaching students about White privilege and that also share specific techniques to achieve this goal. …


Powdery mildew is an important pathogen of barley in many barley-growing areas. To identify molecular markers for the resistance gene Mig located on chromosome 4H, a cDNA-AFLP approach was carried out on near-isogenic lines. Based on the identification of a differentiating fragment of 37 bp, which turned out to be part of a nucleoside diphosphate kinase as estimated by BLASTN, a CAPS marker has been developed, which co-segregated with Mig in a population of 738 F 2 -plants. Due to its co-dominant inheritance, clear banding pattern and close linkage this marker is well suited for marker-based selection procedures.


A comprehensive theoretical analysis of the interaction of a disc roller cutter with hard, brittle rocks was undertaken. Predictor equations were modified to consider the effect of cutter wear. Testing was undertaken both with sharp and artificially dulled disc cutters. Results indicated that penetration, spacing, and edge angle are highly significant variables affecting cutter performance. To simulate, the multiple cutter patterns found in the field were undertaken to experimentally study the effects of different modes of cutting. Theoretical force values calculated by using the developed predictor equations were found to agree with laboratory observations. The scaling of the small and large-scale cutting results appeared to be possible. The field boring data from an experimental tunnel boring site was used to check the validity of the predictor equations for field boreability predictions. A computer program designed to predict field boring performance was written.


The present invention relates to bioenhancer through enhanced anti-infective activity to reduce the use of resistant microbial strains such as antibiotics and antifungal agents, anti-infective agent. This can be used to reduce the resistance to bacterial and yeast infections and to aid in the treatment of certain diseases, and reduce the inhibitory concentration required for growth of the microbial strain anti-infective agents.


In 1931, when he was only 25 years of age, the great Austrian logician Kurt Gödel (1906– 1978) published an epoch-making paper [16] (for an English translation see [8, pp. 5–38]), in which he proved that an effectively definable consistent mathematical theory which is strong enough to prove Peano's postulates of elementary arithmetic cannot prove its own consistency. In fact, Gödel first established that there always exist sentences φ in the language of Peano Arithmetic which are true, but are undecidable; that is, neither φ nor ¬φ is provable from Peano's postulates. This is known as Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem. This theorem is quite remarkable in its own right because it shows that Peano's well-known postulates, which by and large are considered as an axiomatic basis for elementary arithmetic, cannot prove all true statements about natural numbers. But Gödel went even further. He showed that his first incompleteness theorem implies that an effectively definable sufficiently strong consistent mathematical theory cannot prove its own consistency. This theorem became known as Gödel's Second Incompleteness Theorem. Since then the two theorems are referred to as Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems. They became landmark theorems and had a huge impact on the subsequent development of logic. In order to give more context, we step further back in time. The idea of formalizing logic goes back to the ancient Greek philosophers. One of the first to pursue it was the great German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716). His dream was to develop a universal symbolic language, which would reduce all debate to simple calculation. The next major figure in this pursuit was the English mathematician George Boole (1815–1864), who has provided the first successful steps in this direction. This line of research was developed to a great extent by the famous German mathematician and philosopher Gottlob Frege (1848–1925), and reached its peak in the works of Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) and Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947). Their magnum opus Principia Mathematica [27] has provided relatively simple, yet rigorous formal basis for logic, and became very influential in the development of the twentieth century logic. ∗Mathematical Sciences; Dept. 3MB, Box 30001; New Mexico State University; Las Cruces, NM 88003; firstname.lastname@example.com. We recall that a theory is consistent if it does not prove contradiction. More details on the work of Boole, Frege, and Russell and Whitehead can be found on our webpage http://www.cs.nmsu.edu/historical-projects/; see the historical projects [24, 7]. The work of Boole has resulted in an important concept of Boolean algebra, which is discussed in great length in a series of historical projects [3, 2, 1], also available on our webpage.


This study assessed the construct validity of a recently introduced measure of children's exposure to print, the Title Recognition Test (TRT)


The paper examines the barriers, policies, prospects as well as the factors affecting the development and diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) in Nigeria. The study identified weak institutional framework, poor policy implementation, inadequate financing, and lack of awareness of the socioeconomic, technological and environmental merits of RETs as the major barriers hindering its development and diffusion. Furthermore, the authors affirm that a paradigm shift is required to alter the current sociopolitical and techno-economic dynamics of current energy climate of fossil based fuels in the country. This will require the adoption a fossil fuels complementary approach as opposed to the dominant substitution approach recurrently described by academics in literature. The study concludes by highlighting the future prospects RETs development and diffusion in Nigeria. Keywords— Renewables; Energy; Development; Sociopolitical; Nigeria; Technovation.


This work involved .,preparation of five monomers and five polymers.New monomers were synthesized from reaction of hetero cyclic amine with carbonyl compound or azotation reaction with coupling reaction to produce many monmers from (azo, Schiff base, hetero cycles, imidazolone, oxazepine), which reacted with (maleic acid, maleic anhydride, oxalic acid, malonic acid, sccinic acid, glycine, benzothiazol derivatives ) Via poly condensation reactions to yield many polymers from (polyester, polyamide ,poly hetero cycle ). All monmers with polymers were characterized by [(FT.IR-spectra, H.NMR-spectra, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)] and melting points.


Objective:To determine the early predictive value of combined detection of serum calcium and C-reaction protein(CRP) for estimating the severity of acute pancreatitis(AP).Methods:The serum calcium and CRP were monitored at day 1,2 and 3,respectively,in 52 patients with mild acute pancreatitis(MAP) and another 21 with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) for comparing the trend of variation of the two indicators.Results:The levels of serum CRP were increased significantly in AP patients at the the first day of admission and peaked at day 2,and the increase appreared prominent in SAP patients as compared with those of MAP(P0.001).The diagnostic sensitivity of CRP,specificity and AUC were 85.7%,94.2% and 0.904,respectively.The serum calcium concentration had no visible difference between the two groups(P0.05),and yet,the levels in SAP patients were decreased notablely at the first day of hospital admission(P0.01) and furter down regulated with time forward.Plain diagnostic sensitivity of serum calcium,specificity and AUC was 76.2%,96.1% and 0.874,respectively.Combined detection of the two indicators could boost the sensitivity,specificity and disgnositic index to respectively 95.2%,92.3% and 1.88.Conclusion:The combined detection of serum calcium and CRP are helpful to estimate the the severitv of acute pancreatitis.


Objective: Tuberculosis is an airborne infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent the spread of infection. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) provides a valuable tool in the early detection of TB. This study is undertaken to evaluate the utility of CBNAAT for the detection of MTB. Comparison of cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification testing with ZN staining.
Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, BLDEDU's Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and RC and Dr. Karigoudar Diagnostic Laboratory, Vijayapur. A total of 129 samples from patients with the presumptive diagnosis of TB based on history, clinical presentation, and radiological findings were included in the study. All samples were subjected to ZN staining, and Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test and data were analyzed.
Results: The present study showed ZN smear positivity of 7.75% and CBNAAT positivity of 19.38%. CBNAAT sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 86.55, respectively, compared with ZN staining with a significant P value of <0.001.
Conclusion: CBNAAT helps diagnose TB and detect rifampicin resistance within 2-3 h with high sensitivity and specificity. Rifampicin resistance detection is of great concern, which otherwise leads to treatment failure and on time spread of multidrug resistance TB, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.


SUPPL. 1 VOL. 7 NO. 4 APRIL 2005 2 Since the very beginning of calcium channel blocker (CCB) use in the treatment of hypertension, these agents became known as very effective antihypertensive agents, providing substantial and consistent blood pressure (BP) reduction in all age groups and races.1 The BP reduction with CCBs can be seen even with a first dose or at least after a few days, which can be expected to improve compliance and both patient and doctor satisfaction. Unlike other vasodilators, CCBs are mildly natriuretic and do not bring about volume retention.2 Thus, for the most part, CCBs lower BP by dropping peripheral vascular resistance. These drugs are of proven utility in BP reduction in certain patient subsets, including the elderly with systolic hypertension3,4 and the African-American hypertensive.5 The decrease in BP with CCBs is proportional to the pretreatment levels of BP, and hypotension is uncommon.6 Moreover, the quick onset of action with these drugs comparably reduces short-term cardiovascular outcomes and is now viewed as an important facet of their use (Figure).7 Head-to-head comparisons of different CCBs reveal sparingly little difference in the magnitude of the BP fall with the various agents, provided that comparable doses are given.8 In addition, numerous clinical studies suggest comparable (if not superior) efficacy to other antihypertensive agents.1 Furthermore, these drugs are now used in such diverse conditions as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, angina pectoris, Raynaud's phenomenon, pulmonary hypertension, esophageal spasm, and cerebral vasospasm.9 HISTORY The recent history of the CCB class dates to their approval in the 1980s for the treatment of hypertension. These compounds became the best-selling antihypertensive drugs during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Despite their considerable popularity, the foothold of CCBs in the hypertensive market developed without their having been tested in a single major cardiovascular trial. Thus, it came as no great surprise that the positioning of these drugs was vulnerable and so, in the middle of the 1990s, contrarian views began to emerge concerning the cardiovascular risks of the CCB class. These negative perceptions quickly snowballed and served as the basis for considerable and oftentimes harsh debate on the place of CCBs as primary and/or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of hypertension. Such debate is not without precedent since similar intellectual outbursts have happened on occasion with other drug classes. As a matter of record, one of the first such assaults occurred by way of retrospective studies implicating reserpine in breast cancer risk. This claim was eventually refuted, but only after a series of prospective studies and metaanalysis of case-controlled studies were undertaken that provided the factual basis for challenging this unwarranted association.10,11 A second upheaval was set off by a subanalysis of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT),12 from which it was inferred that in a subset of hypertensive patients with ECG abnormalities at rest, diuretic treatment may have been of more harm than good. Despite this claim and other conjecture, diuretics (especially at low doses) remain an everyday ingredient of antihypertensive therapy and a highlypositioned component of virtually all algorithms for the treatment of hypertension.13 www.lejacq.com ID: 4495 I n t r o d u c t i o n


Teaching GIS algorithm fundamental experiment is a very important step toward understanding the principle of GIS algorithm and mastering the technique of GIS algorithm application.This paper focuses on analyzing the content characteristic of GIS algorithm rudiments course,sets up a teaching content system based on experiment teaching system and facing the design of algorithm function in light of the author's experience of teaching GIS algorithm rudiments,at the same time establishes a project oriented teaching method system.


Based upon this study of chopper motorcycles, it was concluded that at this time, there is no empirical evidence that would suggest that chopper motorcycles are overrepresented among motorcycle accidents. In relation to chopper motorcycle design and demographic characteristics of chopper motorcycle drivers, there is indirect evidence that would lend support to the opinion that modified motorcycles may not present a safety hazard. In relation to handling characteristics, chopper motorcycles may be more stable than stock motorcycles, although steering is slower and handling may be lighter or heavier. Due to the importance of weld quality and the need for greater steering neck strength when front forks are extended a safety hazard may be posed by a lack of quality control on motorcycles modified by amateur builders.


Due to proliferation in the metropolitan areas there existing problem of poor traffic congestion has grown at alarming event and it is not easy to find the stolen vehicles. So here we use Theft veh ...


Introduction. By 2050, demand for food is projected to increase by 50-70%. According to the American Farmland Trust, the best land to support crop production has dropped to less than 17% of the total land area. The number of farms and amount of tillable farmland are being lost to development at an alarming rate. Over 24 million acres of agricultural land have been lost to development since 1982. A 4.3% drop in the number of farms in the US was observed from 2007 to 2012 and this decline is continuing. The American Farmland Trust estimates 40 acres of farmland are lost every hour, mostly to urban sprawl and non-agricultural development. In 2019, 90% of the over 2 million US farms were ranked as "small" family operations, grossing less than $350,000/year. Crop diversification and production of high-value crops and related value-added products are key to their viability. Most of the ~430,000 farms in the US growing specialty crops in 2017 were small-mid size, with 61% of these farming less than 50 acres. In 2018, 58-81% of small farms had an operating profit margin in the high-risk zone. The market value of products sold by farms producing specialty crops averaged $53,670/farm ($3,649/ac). Production of specialty crops boosts economic returns for small farms, and increased profitability is critical to keep these farms operating. University of Vermont scientists started research in 2015 to investigate the potential of saffron as a specialty crop to support Northeastern farms. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is an emerging high-value crop, valued at $1975/gram retail, which could contribute to revenues of Northeastern farmers. Saffron is commonly used as a culinary flavoring and coloring agent in Asian and European cuisine. It is also used in nutraceuticals and cosmetics, and is reported to have medical properties that enhance value.


Isolation and Identification of Furfuric Acid a New Depsidone from the Lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Ach.

The structure of furfuric acid, (1), a new depsidone, isolated from the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Ach. has been established as 4-formyl-3,8-dihydroxy-9-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxycarbonyl-3,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,6-dimethyl-11-oxo-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-7-carboxylic acid by spectral and chemical methods.


The study on the absorption of toxic gases such as mustard gas by organic host is essential to the development of inexpensive detection and decontamination equipments. Using quantum chemical methods, we propose cucurbituril as an effective host to capture mustard gas. It was found that stable complexes are formed with the inclusion of the toxic gas molecules inside the cucurbituril cavity, compared with the lateral and exterior interactions. Oxygen mustard has a comparable binding energy with sulfur mustard and hence can be used during experimental investigation. Additionally, during the inclusion complex formation, the presence of heteroatoms helps the guest molecules to undergo a larger structural reorganization to get accommodated inside the cucurbituril macromolecule. Atoms-in-molecules analysis shows the existence of strong intermolecular CH…O bonding between the guest molecules and cucurbituril macromolecule. The presence of an intramolecular CH…Cl type of bonding accounts for the higher stabilization of sulfur mustard inside the cucurbituril macromolecule. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.