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Last September, I started a new job. I didn't expect to get it; I didn't even apply. It's not 9-5; I'm on the clock for all three shifts, every day, 24/7. It's hard, but it's rewarding. And, thankfully, there are a lot of perks.
I'm caring for my mom, at home, by myself. She has congestive heart failure. Without going into medical details, what I am doing on the physical level is kind of like the first year with a newborn – meals every couple of hours, up several times during the night – except that in this case, what everyone is "looking forward to" is not growing up, but transitioning out of this life.
"So much of our anguish is created when we are in resistance. So much relief, release, and change are possible when we accept, simply accept."
~ Melody Beattie
Every caregiving situation is different, with a myriad of complex nuances and ups and downs specific to the patient and the family; in our case, I am the only child, so all of the responsibility to meet my mom's needs and communicate them to others rests with me. "The family caregiver is the backbone of our broken health-care system," writes Gail Sheehy in her book "Passages in Caregiving." We do it out of love, we do it because our parents did it for us, but make no mistake, it is work and it is a job.
Social acquaintances see me these days and say, "Wow, you look so tired. Don't you have Hospice? And didn't you hire someone to help you?" As if these make everything peachy keen.
Having Hospice is great; it allows me to keep Mom at home where she wants to be and make quick decisions about managing her care. A nurse visits once a week; someone can come if we have a crisis; most of Mom's meds and other equipment like oxygen are provided. But Hospice does not physically help someone like me take care of an elderly person at home on a day-to-day basis. If I want help – with cleaning, with cooking, with everything! – that part is up to me to figure out.
Mom and I did hire a wonderful caregiving assistant a few months ago, and that does allow me to take some vital worry-free breaks. (Without the respite I have gotten thanks to Paula, I wouldn't even be able to write this blog entry!) But even families who are well off are hard put to have people working round-the-clock in their homes; we have our caregiver between 12 and 24 hours a week, which is only a fraction of the time I'm on duty. So ultimately, I still have the three-shift job that has been compared to that of a combat soldier in terms of the amount of cortisol produced by the adrenal gland to cope with the stress of a typical day.
I do get to take naps whenever I can squeeze them in. They are usually cut much shorter than I would want – when I hear my mom stirring on the baby monitor – but they are a lifesaver. On Pauladays, I may get to take a walk before grocery shopping. About once a month, I try to get away for a weekend, which requires coordinating several sitters; and all such plans are subject to change if Mom is feeling especially bad. Sometimes by the time I get a break, I'm way too tired to enjoy a long hike or a concert; I just need rest.
"There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is." ~ Albert Einstein
Before taking on this role, I was an "adventurer." I lived to travel and have new experiences in exotic natural settings. Now, I am learning to see the adventures, even the miracles, unfolding before me right where I am. Like the amazing hydrangeas in our garden this year. I have given away at least a dozen arrangements of them, and every time I cut one, three more grow back in its place. Or the amazing two-week visitation to our yard of a group of migrating Rose-breasted Grosbeaks earlier this spring. What a gift it was for my mother to be able to sit on our screened-in back porch and enjoy these special birds. These are glorious adventures for me!
In the few years leading up to this acute stage of Mom's illness, I was always subjected when visiting her to the incessant Cincinnati Red's baseball games blaring at me over her radio. I resisted learning about the game and tolerated the noise without paying much attention to Mom's commentary about her favorite sport. I took her to a game once a few years back, and I admit it was slightly more interesting to see the action live. When Mom got really sick last fall, I decided she needed to be able to see all the Reds games this year on television. We bought a package of some 200 cable channels just to get the ONE: Fox Sports Ohio. And now, guess who's watching and cheering on the team every night right along with Ruthe, even though she can't stay up for a whole game these days. I like to think it's no accident they are ranked first in their division this year.
Back about November, a friend turned me on to Words With Friends, an online version of Scrabble I can play on my iPhone with Facebook friends. This became a wonderful stress reliever, especially while sitting up with mom during difficulties in the night. I soon found myself playing lots of games with Annie, a friend from high school that I never got to know very well. We made a good match, enjoying some very close games. When we started chatting, I learned that she, too, was caregiving for her mother, who had the same disease as mine. Like me, Annie found the game a great diversion. We had lunch, caught up and shared our caregiver woes, some similar and some very different. Every night, when things would finally settle down at home, I'd look forward to making my plays in my four or so games with Annie, either in the dark of my mom's room as I watched over her, or in my own bed just before falling asleep.
A few weeks ago, I was super busy with watering the gardens, friends visiting, getting out for a rare hike in the gorge… and in the back of my mind I kept thinking that I hadn't seen Annie make a play for several days. When things calmed down, I checked her Facebook page and found that what I feared was true. Annie's mom had died.
Immediately I began to cry really hard… for Annie, and for me, too. It was one of those rare times, during the hectic day-to-day business of this caregiving job, that I realized fully what is coming, and how completely unready for it I will always be.
I fled to the garden, unable to really see through the tears, and cut all my favorite hydrangeas for Annie; this was the most important step I could take at that moment. I called her later and heard some of her story, feeling new pain because I knew that many of the symptoms her mom had to endure, my mom has also. The next day, I left the flowers on her porch. She wrote and told me that the hardest time is waking up in the morning, and so she has the hydrangeas by her bed so she will see them first thing, and remember that life goes on. A few days later, when I checked my Scrabble games, there was Annie, constant as the northern star.
"Your entire life journey ultimately consists of the step you are taking at this moment. There is always only this one step, and so you give it your fullest attention. This doesn't mean you don't know where you are going; it just means this step is primary, the destination secondary. And what you encounter at your destination once you get there depends on the quality of this one step."
~ Eckhart Tolle


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text: I was one of the lucky ones to get in on Dawn's/Dawbis first catalog trade and this is what I made for her. I didn't put any pockets in the tote but made a zip bag instead and then decided, what the heck, and made a matching quilted card. Seeing it all together I'd hate to think that you think I like things all matchy-matchy 'cause I don't, but there it is anyway. I love this fabric and I feel you can't go wrong with gingham either, such a happy pattern. Poor Dawn had an allergic reaction to a bee sting over the weekend just when she was introducing her second catalog, but I hope she's all better now. If you want a chance to participate then you need to get on her mailing list so you'll be notified when her next catalog of work is available. I'll show you what I traded for as soon as I receive it - can't wait! Check out her Flickr set if you'd like to see her work.


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2. Your husband wants to work overtime.
3. You started an argument with your toddler.
4. You called your best friend and started talking and she said, "Who is…
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Jeanie Cullip has not received any gifts yet
So you ask... Do I work? I sure do, I work 24 hours a day. Why? Because I am a Mom! That makes me an alarm clock, a cook, a maid, a waitress, a teacher, a nanny, a nurse, a handyman, a security officer, a photographer, a counselor, a chauffeur, a lifelong student, an event planner, a personal assistant, an ATM, & a comforter. I don't get holidays, sick pay or days off. I work through the DAY & NIGHT. I am on call at ALL hours.
Hi Jeanie!I'm fairly new to MBC myself and wanted to welcome you. I am a part-time family doctor and full-time mom of 4 boys. I have a parenting website. On the site I accept questions from parents about their kids' behavior and offer suggestions about difficult situations. I hope you will check it out, perhaps leave a question or recommend it to a friend who has a problem.
Dr. G
On email@example.com/AskDoctorG
Welcome to Mom Blogger's Club! I hope you enjoy your time here and find it helpful! I know it can be overwhelming at first but I promise, you'll be a pro on here in no time! I write a blog called The Adventures of J-Man and MillerBug. It's a blog about my life with my two boys and I do some pretty cool giveaways (OK, I think they're cool! Do you?)
Every weekend I host the Finding New Friends Weekend Blog Hop. It's a great way to find new followers and friends as well as get to know more of your fellow mom bloggers. If you're not familiar with a blog hop, all you have to do is add your blog to the list. Participants then "hop" from blog to blog to find great new blogs! It's a ton of fun! I'd love to have you join us. It's going on now so come on over and link up! You can find it here: http://myadventureinmommyhood.blogspot.com/2011/08/finding-new-friends-weekend-blog-hop_25.html#more. Be sure to leave a messge if you join up so that I can follow you back!
Let me know if you have any questions or if I can help you with anything in your blogging journey! I look forward to being your friend!
I hope you are having a wonderful day!!!
I just wanted to share a few great deals from my blog www.dazzlingdailydeals.com
MOVIES..MOVIES..MOVIES or should I say FREE..FREE..FREE MOVIES!!!!!
Check out these posts and get codes for FREE blockbuster and Redbox movies
I would love for you to"LIKE" me on facebook,....when you do you will get real time updates on the hottest finds and deals, so you will never miss anything again!
I'm doing my part to help raise awareness regarding the issues surrounding cervical cancer and HPV; empowering women to take control of their health. Please feel free to pass it long!
Blog: http://julnet.typepad.com/ibelieveintomorrows/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BelieveinTomorrows
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/BelievnTomorrow
Love and Hugs!
My name is Missy and I am also a member of the Mom Bloggers Club. I have a blog,www.luxurybeautyproducts.blogspot.com and I also run the blog hop network.
I wanted to let you know that I am following you, and hoping when you get a chance you can follow me back. I also want to invite you to join my groups, The Blog Hop Network, Beauty Bloggers, and Children's businesses. Also, I would love to place a link to your site on my blog if you want to do the same with my blog on yours. Please let me know by sending me an email regarding this and it has been nice meeting you via the web.
Hi Jeanie! Welcome to the club and feel free to check out my blog: Swanky Baby - swankybaby.net. I'm looking forward to checking yours out too!
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Project Description
The ECRE is a pan-European alliance of over 80 refugee-assisting NGOs protecting and advancing the rights of refugees, asylum seekers and displaced persons. ECRE's mission is to promote the establishment of fair and humane European asylum policies and practices in accordance with international human rights law. Working together with our members and partners to inform and persuade European authorities and the public, we monitor and denounce human rights violations while proposing and promoting fair and effective durable solutions. We accomplish our mission through research, advocacy and the sharing of knowledge and expertise.


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For six years now, I have traveled to Waite Park, MN in July to spend a few days with some of the best friends I have ever known; a group of women that felt like forever friends almost immediately after our first meeting. My Grubers Retreat is a non-negotiable event on the calendar. I've written about the joys of this retreat in the past; but really, words cannot explain what this week means to me and does for me emotionally. L to R: Amanda, Rene, me, Mary, Michelle, Terri, Cindy, Shelly, Stephanie
Amanda produces like crazy every year–many things with her new fabric collection for Connecting Threads this year! She free-motion quilted like crazy, and she and I made micro quilts. Rene worked on a scrap vortex quilt most of the weekend. Her 51 Kisses quilt, made for her sister, Michelle, is fabulous. Go check out her MUCH better photos!I finished up my Rock Pools quilt top from a class I took in May (it's Christmas fabric), and worked on my Quick Curve Ruler project from last year's retreat! My micro quilt is at the bottom left:Mary made us the adorable egg-cup pincushions (top right photo) with the smallest EPP hexies I've ever seen. She worked diligently on a Moda Bake Shop pattern most of the weekend. Michelle first joined us for retreat in 2011 (year two). She is Rene's little sis, and at the time she was just a newbie to quilting. She has come a long way! The girl is obsessed with foundation paper-piecing (and the movie Pitch Perfect, which we watched as a group Saturday evening). The quilt on the top right is the beauty she made for Rene this year:Terri is fun to watch work; she makes the most of her time at retreat. She goes back and forth between projects, starts new ones when inspired by something she sees (see the blocks at bottom right, inspired by one Michelle shared-in my collage above), her creativity is inspiring. She came prepared with her suitcase of fabric (LOVE IT!)… Also, she made us those beautiful Dresden coasters this year:Cindy accomplished much more than I took photos of. I couldn't resist snapping the pic of her with the matching Hello Kitty sewing machine! She made us all one-hour baskets with fussy cut license plate fabric–so fitting! A friend made the cute bag at the bottom for her, it's just too adorable not to share:Shelly and I share a ride from Des Moines to Waite Park, about 5 hours in the car (each way). She's afraid she talks my ear off, but I love the laughs, the sharing, the brainstorming…and she tells the BEST stories. She was working on some top-secret stuff, so not many pics of her work, but she was very productive! I'm still tickled pink that she made us those perpetual journal calendars in the pint box (it's one of the first projects I ever added to Pinterest and I have YET to make one–don't need to, now!):Stephanie sat next to me this year, I was amazed at how quickly she made the Mini Disco quilt in the Allison Glass fabrics (the back is just as beautiful, photo on bottom right). She worked on a Quick Curve Ruler project as well, a current QAL on the Sew Kind of Wonderful blog.Each year we make (or "outsource") happies for each other. Seriously, it's better than Christmas:I gave the Cotton & Steel charm packs and scissors key fobs this year, Anna Maria Dresden coaster from Terri, Perpetual Journal Calendar & flashlight from Shelly, Egg Cup pincushion from Mary, Work in Progress bag and pattern, and mini-charms from Amanda, fabric tray and chocolate from Michelle, Her OWN honey and "Sew Sisters" bag from Stephanie (and fresh Michigan blueberries!), License plate basket from Cindy, and Mug and mini-charms from Rene.
Every year I come home feeling recharged and inspired–Love my Grubers gals!


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Ss. Martha & Mary, Sisters of Lazarus
The righteous sisters Martha and Mary were believers in Christ even before He raised their brother, Lazarus, from the dead. After the murder of the holy Archdeacon Stephen, a persecution against the Jerusalem Church broke out, and Righteous Lazarus was cast out of Jerusalem. The holy sisters then assisted their brother in proclaiming the Gospel in various lands.
Ss. Martha and Mary are also commemorated on the Sunday of the Myrrh-bearing Women.
By permission of the Orthodox Church in America (www.oca.org)


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Days after being voted the most hated housewife in Bravo housewives history, it seems Camille Grammer will soon have 50 million reasons to laugh all the way to the bank.
According to a new TMZ report, the Real Housewives of Beverly Hills star will end up walking away with more than $50 million in her divorce settlement with husband Kelsey Grammer.
See Camille and Kelsey never signed a prenup, meaning all of Kelsey's earnings during the marriage are divided 50/50. Sources connected with the divorce tell TMZ that the couple accumulated a fortune in excess of $100,000,000 during their 13 years of marriage.
Most of that fortune was invested in real estate as the Grammers have homes in the Holmby Hills area of L.A., Malibu, Hawaii, the Hamptons, New York City and Colorado. According to a 2007 report by Luxist.com, Kelsey often buys and sells quickly his real estate purchases. The site adds that Kelsey put his Bridgehampton, New York mansion on the market for $16.1 million in 2007 after purchasing it for $8.517 million just a year earlier.
The story gets even better as "sources" tell TMZ that Kelsey was strapped for cash when he married Camille, who is apparently savvy in the business department and taught him a thing or two along the way. "They made a lot of smart decisions. They were really a good team," says Camille a source close to the couple's finances.
Camille and Kelsey are reportedly in the process of working out a financial settlement, which is being complicated by the fact that some of the properties, like the one in Hawaii, are in the toilet due to the economy. As reported yesterday, Kelsey is looking to hurry up the divorce process so that he can marry his fiance in January.
And to think just 14 years ago, Camille Donatacci was just an unknown up and coming soft-core porn star. She sure has come a long way. $50 million should definitely be able to afford her a new set of crazy-er "friends."


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Reading this title, even my most optimistic homeopath friends would accuse me of making an over-exaggerated and far extended claim about homeopathy. They would wonder how I dare to relate homeopathy with modern molecular medicine, which according to them are mutually incompatible and inimical. For scientific people it would be difficult even to imagine how a 250 year old and still unproved therapeutic system such as homeopathy could be claimed to be an advanced medical discipline. Homeopathy is considered by the scientific community as a nonsense theory based on unscientific philosophy of vitalism, where as the proponents of homeopathy still try to explain and market it as a 'spiritualistic' healing art.
In this peculiar intellectual context, I am aware it will be extremely difficult for both scientific community as well as homeopathic community to accept my claim that homeopathy is an 'advanced branch of modern molecular medicine'. I will have to struggle much to present the logic behind my statement in a convincing way.
If anybody asks me to explain what is homeopathy, I would prefer to say it is MIT or Molecular Imprints Therapeutics. I think that reply would specifically define in minimum words my scientific meaning of 'similia similibus curentur', the fundamental therapeutic principle of homeopathy.
If I am asked to explain further, now I am confident enough to say it is a higher specialized branch of modern Molecular Medicine. It is based on the therapeutic principle of 'similia similibus curentur', which scientifically means "endogenous or exogenous pathogenic molecules that cause diseases by binding to the biological molecules can be entrapped and removed using molecular imprints of drug molecules which in molecular form can bind to the same biological molecules, utilizing the complementary configurational affinity between molecular imprints and pathogenic molecules".
My claim of homeopathy as a specialized branch of modern molecular medicine evolves from my understanding of homeopathic potentization as a process of molecular imprinting. Conventionally, molecular imprinting is a technology of preparing three dimensional artificial binding sites for molecules in polymer matrixes, which are widely used in many biological assays, molecular separation protocols and many other laboratory applications. From studying the 'polymer-like' behavior of water in its 'supra-molecular' structural level, I am fully convinced that water, especially water-ethyl alcohol mixture can also be used as a medium for molecular imprinting similar to polymers, and the 'molecular imprints' thus produced can be safely used as therapeutic agents. They would act as selective artificial binding sites for pathogenic molecules. In my opinion, this phenomenon of molecular imprinting is involved tin homeopathic potentization, and the active principles of potentized drugs are 'molecular imprints' of drug molecules.
Through this definition, potentization becomes a branch of modern drug designing technology, and homeopathy becomes branch of modern molecular medicine.
Molecular medicine is the most advanced, most scientific and recently originated discipline in modern medical science. It is a broad field, where physical, chemical, biological and medical techniques are used to describe molecular structures and mechanisms, identify fundamental molecular and genetic errors of pathology, and to develop molecular interventions to correct those errors.
The molecular medicine perspective emphasizes cellular and molecular phenomena and interventions rather than the previous conceptual and observational focus on patients and their organs.
History of modern molecular medicine is very recent in origin. The groundwork for establishing the field of molecular medicine is considered to be laid in 1949, with a paper on "Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease" published in Science magazine by Linus Pauling, Harvey Itano and others. In 1956, Roger J. Williams wrote Biochemical Individuality,a prescient book about genetics, prevention and treatment of disease on a molecular basis. Another paper in Science by Pauling in 1968,introduced and defined this view of molecular medicine that focuses on natural and nutritional substances used for treatment and prevention.
'Biological revolution' of 1970s gave great impetus to molecular medicine perspective, and led to the introduction of many innovative techniques and commercial applications.
Now, Molecular medicine is a new scientific discipline in many medical universities. Combining contemporary medical studies with the field of biochemistry, it offers a bridge between the two subjects. At present only a handful of universities offer the course to undergraduates. With a degree in this discipline the graduate is able to pursue a career in medical sciences, scientific research, laboratory work and postgraduate medical degrees.
Molecular Medicine covers research on molecular pathogenesis of disease and translation of this knowledge into specific molecular tools for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
'Molecular pathology' and 'proteomics' are emerging disciplines associated with molecular medicine, and focuses in the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of 'molecules' within organs, tissues or bodily fluids. Molecular pathology shares some aspects of practice with both anatomic pathology and clinical pathology, molecular biology, biochemistry, proteomics and genetics, and is sometimes considered a "crossover" discipline. It is multi-disciplinary in nature and focuses mainly on the sub-microscopic aspects of disease and unknown illnesses with strange causes.
It is a scientific discipline that encompasses the development of molecular and genetic approaches to the diagnosis and classification of various human diseases, the design and validation of predictive biomarkers for treatment response and disease progression, the susceptibility of individuals of different genetic constitution to develop cancer, and the environmental and lifestyle factors implicated in pathogenesis.
Exactly, 'proteomics' is the basis of 'molecular pathology'. 'Proteomics' is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, as they are the main components of the physiological metabolic pathways of cells. The term "proteomics" was first coined in 1997 to make an analogy with genomics, the study of the genes. The word "proteome" is a blend of "protein" and "genome", and was coined by Marc Wilkins in 1994. The proteome is the entire complement of proteins, including the modifications made to a particular set of proteins, produced by an organism or system. This will vary with time and distinct requirements, or stresses, that a cell or organism undergoes. After genomics, proteomics is considered the next step in the study of biological systems. It is much more complicated than genomics mostly because while an organism's genome is more or less constant, the proteome differs from cell to cell and from time to time. This is because distinct genes are expressed in distinct cell types. This means that even the basic set of proteins which are produced in a cell needs to be determined.
Scientists are very interested in proteomics because it gives a much better understanding of an organism than genomics. First, the level of transcription of a gene gives only a rough estimate of its level of expression into a protein. An mRNA produced in abundance may be degraded rapidly or translated inefficiently, resulting in a small amount of protein. Second, as mentioned above many proteins experience post-translational modifications that profoundly affect their activities; for example some proteins are not active until they become phosphorylated. Methods such as phosphoproteomics and glycoproteomics are used to study post-translational modifications. Third, many transcripts give rise to more than one protein, through alternative splicing or alternative post-translational modifications. Fourth, many proteins form complexes with other proteins or RNA molecules, and only function in the presence of these other molecules.
One of the most promising developments to come from the study of human genes and proteins has been the identification of potential new drugs for the treatment of disease. This relies on genome and proteome information to identify proteins associated with a disease, which computer software can then use as targets for new drugs. For example, if a certain protein is implicated in a disease, its 3D structure provides the information to design drugs to interfere with the action of the protein. A molecule that fits the active site of an enzyme, but cannot be released by the enzyme, will inactivate the enzyme. This is the basis of new drug-discovery tools, which aim to find new drugs to inactivate proteins involved in disease. As genetic differences among individuals are found, researchers expect to use these techniques to develop personalized drugs that are more effective for the individual.
Understanding the proteome, the structure and function of each protein and the complexities of protein–protein interactions will be critical for developing the most effective diagnostic techniques and disease treatments in the future.
Without a clear understanding of concepts and methods of 'molecular pathology' and 'proteomics', one cannot follow my discussions of 'scientific homeopathy. In this article I was trying to prepare the factual ground for understanding scientific discussions about homeopathy. Let us do that first. If any body ask why discuss all these things with homeopathy, I would say your question is like asking an engineer engaged in leveling of ground for constructing a house entrusted to him, that "you were entrusted to build my house, not to level the ground". Without leveling the ground how can a house could be started constructing?
Proteins are macromolecules with complex structures and functions, and they act as the 'molecular carriers of life process'. There is not a single biochemic reaction happening without the involvement of proteins in their capacities as enzymes, receptors, immune factors, structural factors and so on. First we have to understand 'vital processes' in terms of protein interactions. We have to understand the complex dynamics of 'ligand-receptor', 'substrate-enzyme' and 'antigen-antibody' interactions. Then we have to study the dynamics of 'protein molecular inhibitions', and the role of these inhibitions in the creation of pathological 'molecular errors'. Only then we can understand the exact mechanism of how the pathogenic agents causes diseases. Then we can study therapeutics in terms of removal of these 'molecular inhibitions'. Then I can explain the actual process involved in drug proving in terms of creating 'molecular inhibitions' caused by constituent molecules of our drug substances. Then we can understand 'symptoms' as expressions' of 'molecular errors'. Then my concept of drug potentization as 'molecular imprinting' and active principles of potentized drugs as 'molecular imprints' could be clearly understood. Then, i can explain how the 'molecular imprints' removes 'protein inhibitions' by their complementary configurational affinities to pathogenic molecules. That way we can understand the real molecular dynamics of homeopathic therapeutics involved in 'similia similibus curentur'. Then you will understand my concepts of 'miasms' as 'antibody mediated' diseases caused by 'off-target' molecular inhibitions created by antibodies formed against exogenous' proteins.
Modern drug designing technology, including computer aided drug designing, which is involved with designing of target specific drugs for rectifying molecular level pathologies, is an off-shoot of molecular medicine.
'Drug designing' is an advanced branch of modern pharmaceutical chemistry, which is involved with the process of developing new medicinal substances appropriate to the specific biological targets in the organism. Such a 'designer drug' is most commonly a small organic molecule which can inhibit or activate the functioning of a target biomolecule such as a protein, thereby resulting in a therapeutic process in the organism. Essentially, 'drug designing' involves the development of small molecules that are complementary in 'shape' and 'charge' to the biomolecular target to which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Modern drug designing protocols utilize computer modeling techniques also. This type of modeling is known as 'computer-aided drug design'. Actually, 'drug design' is involved with 'ligand' design. Prediction of binding affinity of molecules to be designed is the first step in a successful modeling technique. Many other properties such as bioavailability, metabolic half life, lack of side effects, also should be optimized before a designed 'ligand' can become a safe and efficacious drug. Most of these 'other' characteristics are often very difficult to optimize using presently available drug design techniques.
Selection of drug target is most important in "drug designing". A drug target is typically a key molecule involved in a particular metabolic or signaling pathway that is specific to a disease condition or pathology, or to the infectivity or survival of a microbial pathogen. Most of the therapeutic inteventions aim to inhibit the functioning of the 'pathologic' pathway in the diseased state by causing a key molecule to stop functioning. Drug molecules may be designed that bind to the active region and inhibit this key molecule. Some other therapeutic interventions actually enhance the 'normal' biochemical pathway by promoting specific molecules in the 'normal' pathways that may have been affected in the diseased state. Main challenge in all 'drug therapies' including 'designer drugs' is that these drug molecules should not affect any other important "off-target" molecules or 'antitargets' that may be similar in appearance to the target molecule, since drug interactions with off-target molecules may lead to undesirable side effects.
Designer drugs are small organic molecules produced through chemical synthesis, but biopolymer-based drugs (also known as biologics) produced through biological processes are becoming increasingly more common in modern drug designing.
'Ligand-based drug design' and 'structure-based drug design' are two major technologies now utilized in drug designing technologies.
Ligand-based drug design is based on the knowledge of other molecules that can bind to the biological target of interest. These other molecules may be used to derive a 'pharmacophore' which defines the minimum necessary structural characteristics a molecule must possess in order to bind to the target. In other words, a model of the biological target may be built based on the knowledge of what binds to it and this model in turn may be used to design new molecular entities that interact with the target.
Structure-based drug design is based on the knowledge of the three dimensional structure of the biological target obtained through methods such as x-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy. Using the structure of the biological target, candidate drugs that are predicted to bind with high affinity and selectivity to the target may be designed using interactive graphics.
Main draw back of 'designer drugs' is that there is a chance for these drug molecules affecting "off-target" molecules or 'antitargets' having similarity to the target molecules. Such interactions with off-target molecules may lead to grave consequences. Optimizing of various factors such as bioavailability, metabolic half life, and lack of side effects are the real challenges facing "drug designing" technology.
'Molecular imprinting in polymers' is a fast grownig research area that may be interesting to people engaged in developing "drug designing" techniques. A lot of research is currently going on over this subject the world over. This technology involves the imprinting of synthetic polymer substances using enzymes or such macromolecules as 'guest'molecules. As a result of imprinting, nano cavities with 3-d spacial configurations complementary to the 'guest' molecules will be created in the interaction surfaces of the polymers. These imprinted polymers, by virtue of the nanocavities they contain can be used to bind molecules with configurational similarity to 'guest' molecules. They are at present widely used in various laboratory assays as powerful adsorption surfaces. MIPs are also found to be of much practical use in various areas of science and technology .
Molecular imprinted polymers of today cannot be used as therapeutic agents, since they are totally foreign substances to the organism. More over, native enzymes can not degrade the polymers even if they can play a therapeutic role in the organism.
Molecular imprinting may become part of future drug designing techniques, only if the search for safer substances and methods for molecular imprinting happens to be successful.
Biopolymer-based drugs (also known as biologics) produced through biological processes are becoming increasingly more common in modern drug designing. But the revolutionary concept of molecular imprinting in proteins is only in its emerging stage, which may have implications in drug designing techniques. It has already been acknowledged that the biological molecules presently classified as antibodies are nothing but native globulin proteins subjected to natural molecular imprinting process with foreign pathologic proteins acting as 'guest' molecules. Scientists have already realized the fact that the much discussed pathologic molecules known as 'prions' are nothing but disfigured protein molecules subjected to molecular imprinting. Protiens, being polymers with complex and flexible tertiary structures, are expected to be a very good medium for molecular imprinting. Different types of protein based substances, subjected to artificial molecular imprinting, may evolve in the future as effective therapeutic agents and laboratory reagents.
Apart from protein molecules, different types of biopolymers such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids also may be experimented as medium for molecular imprinting.
Native proteins extracted from the patients could be subjected to molecular imprinting with appropriate ligands or other pathologic molecules acting as 'guest' molecules and used as target oriented therapeutic agents. But the problem remains that such imprinted proteins can be used only in the individual whose proteins are used for imprinting. Otherwise it may result in grave anaphylactic reactions. Moreover these imprinted proteins may remain in the organism for very long periods, without undergoing degradation, and cause ever new pathological molecular blocks. Such issues have to be addressed properly.
Our protracted search for a safe and reliable universal medium for molecular imprinted drug designing finally takes us to the study of wonderful physico-chemical properties of the most abundant substance on earth called water. But the concept and technology of molecular imprinting in water still remains in very infantile stage. The author is of the opinion that with its strange polymer-like behaviours, capable of forming hydrogen-bonded supra-molecular structures, water can be the ideal candidate for molecular imprinted drug designing in future.
Though in a slighly lesser level, Ethyl Alcohol and Lactose are also capable of forming polymer-like supra-molecular formations through hydrogen bonding, and hence may be onsidered as candidates for molecular imprinting experiments. Possibilities of these substances in combination with water also have to be explored.
Water (H2O) is a wonderful substance with strange physico–chemical properties arising from its peculiar supra-molecular structure. Water is a solvent with higher polarity than similar liquids. H–O–H bond angle is 105 degrees. That means, water molecule is a dipole. Because of this peculiarity, water molecules can exist like a supra-molecular network through hydrogen bonding. A minimum number of five water molecules will be contained in this network. Such supra-molecular formations are called pentamers. Most of the wonderful properties of water arise from this peculiar capacity of hydrogen bonding and resultant supra-molecular formations. Water molecules (H2O) are symmetric (point group C2ν) with two mirror planes of symmetry and a 2-fold rotation axis. The hydrogen atoms may possess parallel or antiparallel nuclear spin. The water molecule consists of two light atoms (H) and a relatively heavy atom (O). The approximately 16-fold difference in mass gives rise to its ease of rotation and the significant relative movements of the hydrogen nuclei, which are in constant and significant relative movement.
Although not often perceived as such, water is a very reactive molecule available at a high concentration. This reactivity, however, is greatly moderated at ambient temperatures due to the extensive hydrogen bonding. Each water molecules possess a strongly nucleophilic oxygen atom that enables many of life's reactions, as well as ionizing to produce reactive hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Reduction of the hydrogen bonding at high temperatures or due to electromagnetic fields results in greater reactivity of the water molecules.
As liquid water is so common-place in our everyday lives, it is often regarded as a 'typical' liquid. In reality, water is most atypical as a liquid, behaving as a quite different material at low temperatures to that when it is hot. It has often been stated that life depends on these anomalous properties of water. In particular, the high cohesion between molecules gives it a high freezing and melting point, such that we and our planet are bathed in liquid water. The large heat capacity, high thermal conductivity and high water content in organisms contribute to thermal regulation and prevent local temperature fluctuations, thus allowing us to more easily control our body temperature. The high latent heat of evaporation gives resistance to dehydration and considerable evaporative cooling. Water is an excellent solvent due to its polarity, high dielectric constant and small size, particularly for polar and ionic compounds and salts. It has unique hydration properties towards biological macromolecules (particularly proteins and nucleic acids) that determine their three-dimensional structures, and hence their functions, in solution. Hydration of biological molecules results in formation of gels that can reversibly undergo the gel-sol phase transitions that underlie many cellular mechanisms. Water ionize and allows easy proton exchange between molecules, thus contributing to the richness of the ionic interactions in living organisms.
In reality, hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole force. It is a force of attraction formed between partial electro negative atoms which is part of another molecule. The reason for strength is the partial positive charge attained by hydrogen. Hydrogen is capable of establishing similar bonds with the atoms of nitrogen, fluorine and oxygen. That is to say that the basis of hydrogen bonding is the attraction between one hydrogen atom which is part of a molecule which is attached to oxygen or nitrogen and oxygen or nitrogen which remains part of another molecule. This force is less powerful than the co–valent bonds which keeps the atoms inside molecule bound together. But these less powerful bonds are responsible for the wonderful bio–chemical qualities of water.
In the ordinary liquid state, in spite of 80% of the electrons being concerned with bonding, the three atoms in water do not stay together, as the hydrogen atoms are constantly exchanging between water molecules due to protonation/deprotonation processes. Both acids and bases catalyze this exchange and even when at its slowest (at pH 7), the average time for the atoms in an H2O molecule to stay together is only about a millisecond. As this brief period is, however, much longer than the timescales encountered during investigations into water's hydrogen bonding or hydration properties, water is usually treated as a permanent structure.
The presence of ethyl alcohol in water is considered to be a factor reducing the rate of protonation/deprotonation processes, thereby enhancing the stability of hydration shells.
Hydrogen bond strength can be affected by electromagnetic and magnetic effects.
Any factors, such as polarization, that reduces the hydrogen bond length, is expected to increase its covalency. There is still some dispute over the size of this covalency, however any covalency will increase the network stability relative to purely electrostatic effects. As hydrogen bond strength depends almost linearly on its length (shorter length giving stronger hydrogen bonding), it also depends almost linearly (outside extreme values) on the temperature and pressure.
Hydrogen bonded chains (that is, O-H····O-H····O) are cooperative; the breakage of the first bond is the hardest, then the next one is weakened, and so on. Thus unzipping may occur with complex macromolecules held together by hydrogen bonding, for example, nucleic acids. Such cooperativity is a fundamental property of liquid water where hydrogen bonds are up to 250% stronger than the single hydrogen bond in the dimer. A strong base at the end of a chain may strengthen the bonding further.
At this stage we have to understand a few facts about Ethyl Alcohol(CH3- CH2 – OH ). The molecules of alcohol also have the dipole structure as water molecules. It is possible for them to establish mutual connection through hydrogen bonding. The molecular weight of alcohol molecul is 46. The molecular weight of water(H2O) is 18. That means that the number of water molecules contained in 18 gram of water and the number of alcohol molecules contained in 46 gram of ethyl alcohol are equal. When alcohol and water are thoroughly mixed alcohol molecules network with water molecules through hydration bonds, The mobility of water molecules is restricted by the bonds established with alcohol molecules. Hence, hydration shells formed in alcohol–water mixture are comparatively more stable. The count of alcohol molecules and the count of water molecules contained in their mixture in 73:27 ratio will be equal. (73% w/w. alcohol and 27% w/w water) This mixturei is known as (40 power spirit).
Ideal medium for molecular imprining is supposed to contains 87% w/w of alcohol and 13% w/w of water. In this ratio, the number of alcohol molecules will be about more than that of of water molecules. Such a ratio will be very suitable for the production of stable hydration shells. More over, the presence of ethyl alcohol in water is considered as a factor reducing the rate of protonation/deprotonation processes, thereby enhancing the stability of hydration shells.
We know that water is a good solvent. Let us see what happens when some foreign molecules are made to dissolve in water. If a foreign(called 'guest') molecule, ion, or colloidal particle happens to enter the matrix of 3-dimensional dynamic network of water molecules, they are entrapped inside this network. Water molecules arrange themselves around the 'guest' molecule in a peculiar way by the formation of hydrogen bonding. These formations of water molecules around the 'guest' molecules is known as hydration shells. These hydration shells exist in a dynamic state, and are more or less unstable. The 'guest' molecules dissolved in water exist in a state of being entrapped inside these hydration shells. This phenomenon can be seen both in ionic solutions and colloidal solutions. Obviously, hydration shells assume an internal spacial arrangement exactly fitting to the 3-dimensional spacial configuration of the 'guest' molecule entrapped in them. If we could devise some technique to remove the entrapped 'guest' molecules from these hydration shells, without disturbing the hydrogen bonds between the constituent water molecules, these hydration shells can retain the molecular memory of the molecular configurations of the removed 'guest' molecules. This rarely studied phenomenon underlies the much debated controversial 'molecular memory of water'. Actual mechanism and forces underlying this phenomenon have to be investigated minutely by physical scientists. Minute changes occurring in the electron clouds of atoms of water molecules during the formation of hydration shells may be one factor responsible for this phenomenon. It has been well proven that these hydration shells later show a peculiar capability to differentially recognize the original 'guest' molecules which were responsible for their formation. This may be due to the existence of some imprinted memory of those host molecules retained in the hydration shells. This imprinting of memory may be compared to formation of finger prints. As in the case of finger prints, configuration of these molecular imprints also will be a complementary negative of 'guest' molecules. These empty hydration shells, or supra-molecular formations of water subjected to molecular imprinting, may be called 'hydrosomes', which means, minute 'cavities of water'.
Homeopathic process of potentization may be a crude method of preparing hydrosomes, imprinted with various drug molecules('guest'), for utilizing as therapeutic agents. It should be specially noted that the medium used for homeopathic potentisation is not pure water, but it is mixed with ethyl alcohol in a particular ratio. It may be inferred that the presence of camparatively heavy ethyl alcohol molecules in this mixture may be contributing to stabilize the hydrosomes, preventing their easy dissociation. The convergent forces of rotational movements to which the mixture is subjected as part of homeopathic potentization, may also be a contributing factor in stabilizing the empty hydration shells.
This peculiar 3-d configuration of 'hydrosomes' are destroyed only when the energy level of water molecules are disturbed by the effect of heat, electricity, magnetism and other electro magnetic radiations. As stated earlier the hydration shells formed in pure water are comparatively unstable. Here lies the importance of the fact that homeopathic potencies are made using alcohol- water mixture.
Information we recently receive from various research institutions, regarding the wonderful supra-molecular structures of various materials and their hitherto unknown peculiar properties, may greatly contribute in our efforts to devise a protocol for molecular imprinted drug designing using water. Studies on 'water clusters', 'crystalline structure of water', 'shape memory property', 'molecular imprinting', 'nano technology', 'clathrate formations' and other diverse phenomena are offering promising indications in this direction. We have to utilize all these new revealations in our scientific study regarding the possibility of developing a technology of drug designing by molecular imprinting in water.
We all know that water exists as ice crystals in its solid form. But it has been recently observed that water can exist even in its liquid form in crystals. In reality, water formed by melting of ice is in a state of liquid crystals. The lattice structure which is formed through hydration bonds is responsible for this phenomenon. Molecular imprinting in water is much interested in this area of research pertaining to this peculiar crystalline nature of water. It is believed that in the process of molecular imprinting of water using 'guest' molecules, this crystalline structure of water plays a crucial role. It is likely that more advanced studies about dynamics of crystallization of water may help us to evolve a perfect technology for molecular imprinting in water.
The studies about Clathrate Compounds or host-guest compounds in supra-molecular chemistry is an area in which we should have sincere interest. Clathrates are the molecular networks which are formed when gases dissolve in water under high pressure. They exist in a peculiar host–guest relationship. The studies about this phenomenon are still in their infancy. Clathrates have a crystalline nature, existing as molecular networks, formed by a process of water molecules arranging around the guest molecules. The studies about the dynamics of clathrate formation are also likely to help in evolving a perfect protocol for molecular imprinting in water. Even if the host molecules are removed from clathrates, the network of water molecules have been found to remain intact. More over, the existing clathrates can induce the formation of similar clathrates. It will be very useful to consider these above discoveries connecting them with the phenomenon of molecular imprinting.
A lot of studies has been so far published regarding shape memory materials. Several alloys having crystalline structure have been observed to possess shape memory property. Such materials are known as SMART materials. This phenomenon also has to be understood well while trying to evolve a molecular imprinting technique of drug designing.
It is in the phenomenon of 'molecular memory of water' itself that we naturally land on when we attempt to develop molecular imprinted drugs. We have already seen that the alcohol–water molecules contained in the medium used for imprinting arrange themselves around the 'guest' molecules, and form hydration shells. We should develop a way to systematically remove the 'guest' molecules entrapped in the hydration shells, so that empty hydration shells or 'hydrosomes' remain. These 'hydrosomes' will be imprinted with the three-dimensional 'finger print' of 'guest' molecules used for imprinting.
When molecular imprinted water is introduced into the organism by any route, is carried by the body fluids, and transported to different parts of body. When molecular imprints come in the vicinity of ligands or active groups of pathological foreign molecules having similarity to the original 'guest' molecules, these molecular imprints selectively bind to those pathological molecules. By this process, pathological foreign molecules are prevented from binding with biological molecules, thereby relieving the biological molecules from pathological molecular blocks. This can be described as some sort of 'molecular scavenging' or entrapping of pathological molecules, by 'hydrosomes' or "molecular imprints".
According to modern scientific view, life exists through a series of inter-dependant and inter-connected complex chains of biochemical pathways, mediated by a highly organized and diversified class of organic bio-polymers known as proteins, which are considered to be 'molecular carriers of life'.
Different types of proteins are synthesized according to the requirements from the building blocks known as amino acids, utilizing the genetic blueprint preserved in the DNA. Deficiency or malformation of protein molecules causes derangements in biochemical pathways. Nutritional deficiencies of building materials, errors in genetic blueprint or errors in various stages of genetic expressions may cause such deficiency or malformation of essential protein molecules, which are considered to be molecular errors underlying a broad class of 'genetic diseases' and 'deficiency diseases'.
More over, exogenous or endogenous molecules or ions may bind to the essential protein molecules and lead to 'molecular inhibitions' of those proteins, thereby temporarily or permanently deactivating them. Such molecular inhibition and deactivation of essential protein molecules lead to the derangement of concerned biochemical pathways, leading to breakdown of vital processes, which amounts to a state of molecular level pathology. These exogenous and endogenous pathogenic molecules include environmental molecules, drugs, toxins, food articles, metabolic bye-products, infectious agents, antibodies or miasms and various such factors.
Primary basis of any state of pathology is some derangements occurring in the biochemical processes at the molecular level. Endogenous or exogenous foreign molecules or ions having any configurational similarity to certain biochemical ligands can mimic as original ones to attach themselves on the regulatory or the active sites of proteins, effecting changes in their native 3-D configuration, thereby making them unable to discharge their specific biochemical role. This situation is called a molecular inhibition, which leads to pathological molecular errors. It is comparable with the ability of objects having some similarity in shape with that of key, to enter the key hole of a lock and obstructing its function. As a result of this inhibition, the real substrates are prevented from interacting with the appropriate protein molecules, leading to a break in the normal biochemical channels. This type of molecular errors are called competitive inhibitions. It is in this way that many types of drugs, pesticides and poisons interfere in the biochemical processes, creating pathological situations.
Homeopathy has devised its own method of closely following even the minutest deviations in the biochemical processes in the organism, through a special strategy of monitoring and recording the perceivable symptoms caused by such deviations. Obviously, derangement in a particular biochemical pathway resulting from such a nano-level molecular inhibition produces a specific train of subjective and objective symptoms in the organism. In other words, each specific group of symptoms exhibited by the organism indicates a particular error occurred in the molecular level. Homoeopathy chases these trains of symptoms to their minutest level, from periphery to interior, in order to study the exact molecular errors underlying any particular state of pathology. Not even the sophisticated tools of ultra-modern technologies can monitor those molecular errors with such perfection. Then, those pathological molecular inhibitions are removed by applying appropriate therapeutic agents, selected on the basis of 'law of similars' or 'Similia Similibus Curentur'. This fundamental strategy underlying the homeopathic system of therapeutics evidently surpasses even the most scientific methods of modern molecular medicine. It is high time that the scientific world had realized and recognized this truth, and incorporated this wonderful tool into their armamentarium. Obviously, "similia similibus curentur" is the most effective technique of identifying and removing the pathological molecular inhibitions in the organism.
The subjective and objective symptoms presented by the organism are the only reliable indicators to help us correctly understand the minute molecular deviations underlying a state of pathology. Each group or trains of symptoms represent a specific molecular error that had occurred in a particular biochemical pathway. These symptoms invariably indicate the specific type and character of the endogenic or exogenic foreign molecules or ions responsible for the particular molecular inhibition. By studying the train of symptoms carefully and systematically, homoeopaths are really observing these exact molecular inhibitions. This symptomatology-based analytical method of homoeopathy is far more exact and superior to the multitude of expensive complex laboratory chemical tests and imaging technologies we consider to be scientific. Identifying the exact molecular errors in the organism of the patient by observing the expressed symptoms, and identifying the most appropriate therapeutic agents from the similarity of symptoms the drugs could produce in healthy organism- this is the scientific essence of "similia similibus curentur".
If a drug substance in molecular form is introduced to a healthy living organism, which exists in state of comparatively dynamic equilibrium, constituent molecules of that drug substance are conveyed by the internal transport systems, and bind by their configurational affinity to any of the complex bio-molecules engaged in natural biochemical processes. As a result of such molecular binding, the bio-molecules are subjected to deviations in their three-dimensional configurations, and becomes incapacitated to deliver their natural molecular functions. All the biochemical processes mediated or participated by those bio-molecules are affected, and dependent biological pathways are subsequently blocked. Since different biological pathways are inter-depedent, deviations in one pathway naturally affects the dependent ones also. The cascading of molecular deviations influence the neuro mediator-neuro transmitter systems and endocrine systems and finally manifest in the form of particular groups of subjective and objective symptoms. This is the real molecular kinetics of pathology.
Homeopathy has devised its own peculiar way of experimenting and documenting the properties of medicinal substances in relation with their capability to produce various pathological conditions. This is called drug proving. For proving a particular drug substance, it is introduced into a healthy organism, and, the subjective and objective symptoms and their modalities representing the diverse molecular deviations caused by the drug, are carefully observed and recorded. Each specific group of symptoms that appear as part of diverse pathological conditions are thus artificially created in healthy individuals. These symptoms are compiled as a materia medica of the substance used.
Even though modern biochemistry and molecular medicine has made great strides in the study of diverse molecular inhibitions related with diseases, still there are grave limitations. It is imperative that modern science should strive to find out means to define the exact bio-molecular deviations and inhibitions responsible for each and every one of the multitude of diverse symptoms and modalities expressed in particular disease conditions, in order to evolve a most scientific method of removing such inhibitions. Homeopathy considers "totality of symptoms" as the only clue to the understanding of molecular level pathology, as well as deciding the appropriate therapeutic tools to rectify that molecular errors. Viewing from this perspective, "similia similibus curentur" is a highly scientific principle of therapeutics, deserving to be greatly honored by modern science at least in coming days.
Potentized homeopathic drugs contain 'molecular imprints' or 'hydrosomes', which can bind to the exogenous and endogenous pathogenic molecules having complementary affinity, thereby relieving the protein molecules from molecular inhibitions. This is the molecular mechanism of homeopathic therapeutics. 'Hydrosomes' or 'Molecular Imprints' are nanocavities formed in the 'supra-molecular clusters of water and ethyl alcohol', by a process of 'molecular imprinting' involved in potentization. When introduced into the organism, they act as artificial binding sites for pathogenic molecules having complementary configurational affinity, thereby relieving the biological molecules from pathological molecular inhibitions. This is the most rational and logical explanation of molecular dynamics of homeopathic therapeutics.
'Molecular imprints' can be compared to 'antibodies'. Antibodies are native proteins subjected to 'molecular imprinting' by 'antigens', and acting as binding sites for the specific antigens. 'Molecular imprints' in potentized drugs are supra-molecular clusters of water/alcohol, subjected to 'molecular imprinting' by constituent molecules of drug substances, and acting as artificial binding sites for pathogenic molecules having configurational similarity to drug molecules used for imprinting.
It is obvious that potentized drugs cannot rectify molecular errors arising from genetic errors and nutritional deficiencies. Scope of homeopathy is limited to the diseases originating from molecular inhibitions of proteins by exogenous or endogenous molecules. Homeopaths should remember these fundamental factors while discussing scope and limitations of homeopathy.
In scientific terms 'similia similibus curentur' means, "pathological molecular inhibitions underlying a disease and expressed through specific groups of subjective and objective symptoms can be removed by applying 'molecular imprints' of drug molecules, which in crude form could produce similar molecular inhibitions expressed through similar groups of symptoms".
So far, we understood 'Similia Similibus Curentur' as 'similarity of symptoms produced by drugs as well as diseases'. According to modern scientific understanding, we can explain it as 'similarity of molecular errors produced by drug molecules and pathogenic molecules' in the organism. To be more exact, that means 'similarity of molecular configurations of pathogenic molecules and drug molecules'. Potentized drugs contains 'molecular imprints' of constituent molecules of drug used for potentization. 'Molecular imprints' are three-dimensional negatives of molecules, and hence they would have a peculiar affinity towards those molecules, due to their complementary configuration. 'Molecular imprints' would show this complementary affinity not only towards the molecules used for imprinting, but also towards all molecules that have configurations similar to those molecules. Homeopathy utilizes this phenomenon, and uses molecular imprints of drug molecules to bind and entrap pathogenic molecules having configurations similar to them. Similarity of configurations of drug molecules and pathogenic molecules are identified by evaluating the 'similarity of symptoms' they produce in organism during drug proving and disease. This realization is the the basis of scientific understanding of homeopathy I propose.
To be recognized as a scientific medical system, we should explain 'Similia Similibus Curentur' before the scientific community in a way fitting to the existing scientific paradigms, and should submit ourselves to be verified in accordance with scientific methods.
"Endogenous or exogenous pathogenic molecules that cause diseases by binding to the biological molecules can be entrapped and removed using molecular imprints of drug molecules which in molecular form can bind to the same biological molecules, utilizing the complementary configurational affinity between molecular imprints and pathogenic molecules".
This scientific definition of 'similia similibus curentur' is the foundation of my claim that homeopathy is advanced branch of modern molecular medicine.
I do not think modern medicine is irrelevant or unscientific. Exactly, modern medicine has been advancing in parallel with human scientific knowledge. It plays main role in the health care system all over the world. Allopathy Hahnemann talks about is no more. It is not fair to call 'modern medicine' as allopathy. Modern medicine is 'molecular medicine', based on scientific understanding of vital processes. Remember this point when quoting 'ant-allopathy' statements of our masters.
Fundamental difference between homeopathy and modern medicine is that 'modern medicine' uses 'drug molecules' as therapeutic agents, where as homeopathy uses 'molecular imprints' of drug molecules. This is a very important difference, indeed.
Modern medicine has recently advanced into Molecular Medicine, where drugs are selected on the basis of scientific understanding of pathological molecular errors in vital processes.
Homeopathy selects drugs on the basis of 'totality of symptoms', which are the real indicators of those pathological molecular errors. As such, homeopathy can be defined as a specialized higher branch of 'modern molecular medicine'.
Since 'modern medicine' uses highly reactive 'drug molecules' as therapeutic agents, they can create dangerous 'off-target' molecular errors in the organism. That is the main draw back of 'modern medicine'. Since homeopathy uses only 'molecular imprints', they cannot cause any 'off-target' molecular errors. Hence homeopathy is very safe when compared to modern medicine.
Since 'modern medicine' requires a clear understanding of pathological molecular processes to decide an appropriate therapeutic agent, they cannot treat many diseases which are not well understood. For homeopathy, knowing the exact molecular error behind the pathology is not necessary, since homeopathy identifies the molecular errors and their remedial agents by observing subjective and objective 'symptoms' that express the molecular errors. As such, homeopathy can cure any disease even without knowing the underlying molecular errors, merely on the basis of 'symptoms'. This is a great advantage for homeopathy. Whereas modern medicine can hope for an effective treatment only for well understood diseases, that to with possibility of unwanted side effects, homeopathy can treat any disease effectively and safely.
Existing more than 250 years as an independent therapeutic system totally alienated from mainstream scientific knowledge, I think time is now ripe for homeopathy to converges into modern molecular medicine, as an advanced branch of medical science. The great divide between 'allopathy and homeopathy' could now be effectively bridged through my scientific explanation of potentization and similia similibus curentur. Once the people belonging to molecular medicine realizes the historical implications of this convergence, I hope they would also utilize 'molecular imprinting' as part of their target-specific drug designing technology.


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Last week at the Museum of Tolerance in Los Angeles a survivor spoke to educators in training. On Holocaust Rememberance Day, just on the heels of the 101st anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, these words of social good resonate:
Learn to give and not feel sorry for yourself. To help a person- then you tap into the real beauty in life.


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They're our ancestors. Men, women and children had fireside dinner and chat 300,000 years ago. Women were not asked to sit in separate places. I do not think women were forced to eat less or leftovers.
After 300,000 years, in the 21st century, women are secluded in many parts of the world only because they are women. Not only that, they are forced to eat leftovers and they obviously suffer from malnutrition. Some evolutionary biologists may find logic behind it. I do not find any fucking logic to oppress half of the world's human population. Sometimes civilization is used to destroy equality.


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What's an Elizabethan cure for wrinkles?
In Elizabethan times, some women applied puppy urine to their faces, as they believed it would help to improve the health of their skin and give them a radiant complexion. The wife of the famous diarist Samuel Pepys used puppy urine on her skin, but he didn't record whether or not it had an effect!
This post is part of the Boogers and Book Bucks Giveaway. Don't forget to enter at the original post for your official entry. Comments here count as a bonus entry 😀
So tell me, how far would you go for beauty? What's the nastiest thing you'd put on your skin?
Filed under: Giveaways | Tagged: beauty aid, Boogers, Book bucks, Elizabethan, giveaway, gross, puppy pee, strange, urine, weird, wrinkles | 13 Comments »


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Wyoming Valley
Wyoming Valley, c.20 mi (30 km) long and 3 to 4 mi (4.8–6.4 km) wide, in Luzerne co., NE Pa., through which flows the Susquehanna River. Wilkes-Barre is the major city of this once-rich anthracite coal region. The valley was the scene of a long contest between Connecticut and Pennsylvania over conflicting land claims based on 17th-century charters. After the Susquehanna Company purchased (1754) land there at the Albany Congress, a temporary settlement of the region in 1762–63 led to the first permanent settlement in 1769 and the building soon after of Forty Fort. The First Pennamite War (1769–71) between the Connecticut and Pennsylvania settlers ensued, but rapid settlement of the area continued. In 1774, Connecticut set up the town of Westmoreland, from which representatives were sent to the Connecticut legislature. During the American Revolution, the valley settlers were attacked (1778) by Loyalist commander John Butler and a party of Tories and Iroquois allies; nearly 400 men, women, and children were killed. The massacre is described in Thomas Campbell's poem, Gertrude of Wyoming (1809). In 1782 a Continental Congress court of arbitration decided to grant the land in favor of Pennsylvania, but the Connecticut settlers refused to leave, and the Second Pennamite War (1784) ensued. Finally, through the Compromise Act of 1799, the Pennsylvania legislature secured a means of settlement with the Connecticut claimants.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2023, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Physical Geography


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Having never before considered the history of the beer can, last night I was reading a book of collected essays by John Updike, and I was surprised to find him complaining (reading as time travel) in the year 1964 about a new innovation: "Now we are given, instead, a top beetling with an ugly, shmoo-shapped 'tab,' which after fiercely resisting the tugging, bleeding fingers of the thirsty man, threatens his lips with a dangerous and hideous hole." Mr. Updike combated this problem by simply turning the can over, popping his holes into the bottom, and drinking mostly as he always had. My mother-in-law tells me the little hole-popping device was known as a "church key" and carried on many a key chain.
Another essay in the collection is on Ted Williams' last baseball game. Updike explains that the sports of his time are able to avoid "irrelevance…not by the occasional heroics that sportswriters feed upon but by the players who always care; who care, that is to say, about themselves and their art." I'm certainly not saying that all athletes don't care. There's an arc of them flowing from my childhood to today–Walter Payton, Larry Bird, Reggie Miller, Brett Favre, and Tiger Woods (that's right!)–who've been able to keep me occasionally interested in what threatens to become irrelevant, at least keep me interested for the passion they show and have shown on the field of competition.


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"A Commitment to Excellence At All Times"
Somerset Valley Swim Team Mission Statement
"The Somerset Valley YMCA Swim Team strives to enable swimmers to grow as individuals, achieve their goals as swimmers and expand their overall potential in a nurturing, safe, yet demanding environment. In doing so, we (coaches, parents, volunteers, officials, and other support staff) hope to develop enthusiastic, dedicated swimmers who are capable of responding to the demands of a highly competitive program. We strive to remain a dominant swimming program in New Jersey and to become a highly competitive swimming power at both the regional and national levels."


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The director of market intelligence at an investor relations firm was arrested on insider trading charges Tuesday and accused of using drafts of press releases to illegally earn nearly a million dollars.
Michael Lucarelli, 51, was a director at Manhattan-based Lippert/Heilshorn & Associates Inc. when he made the illegal trades over the last year, prosecutors said as they announced 13 securities fraud charges.
Lucarelli, wearing a tank top, slacks and sandals, was released on $500,000 bail after an initial appearance in federal court in Manhattan.
His attorney, Oscar Michelen, said in court that his client pleads not guilty. Outside court, Michelen said he would not comment on the charges until he can investigate them and speak with Lucarelli.
A magistrate judge ordered strict pretrial drug testing after a prosecutor said unidentified white powder was found when he was arrested at his Manhattan residence. As he left the courthouse, Lucarelli ran out of his sandals and left them behind as he fled photographers.
Authorities said Lucarelli made multiple illegal trades using information from the working drafts of press releases about upcoming earnings reports that his company prepared for its clients. They said he used four different brokerage accounts to carry out the trades, although two of the accounts were suspended in March by a brokerage firm that was not identified in court papers.
Prosecutors said he made more than $500,000 illegally by making trades in the securities of 13 of the firm's clients, while the Securities and Exchange Commission said in a civil complaint that his illicit earnings topped $950,000.
"Despite the well-known parade of convicted insider trading perpetrators over the past several years, Michael Lucarelli was not deterred and violated both his company's policies and his responsibility to its clients," U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara said in a release.
George Venizelos, head of the New York FBI office, said that rather than doing his job, Lucarelli "spent his days setting up brokerage accounts to make illegal trades using inside information from unwitting clients."
Keith Lippert, a founding partner at Lippert/Heilshorn & Associates, said authorities told the company about the insider trading on July 22. Two days later, the FBI obtained a search warrant to search Lucarelli's office, a criminal complaint said. Agents said they found a locked briefcase containing a draft press release for earnings results of Trex Co. Inc., a Winchester, Virginia-based manufacturer of decking, railings and other outdoor items.
Agents photographed the press release and returned it to the briefcase "so as not to prematurely advise Lucarelli of the existence of our investigation," FBI Agent Edmund Rom wrote in the complaint filed in federal court in Manhattan.
Between July 25 and Aug. 4, the day Trex released its earnings report to the public, Lucarelli traded the company's stock, earning profits of $89,487, Rom said.
Lippert said his company, which employees about 28 people, had "fully cooperated with the authorities on every request," including providing access to information, access to company offices and "even making sure we kept Mr. Lucarelli in our employ until this day happened so it wouldn't hinder the investigation."
Lippert added: "We have insider trading policies in place to protect the integrity of clients and employees. It's very disconcerting when you have these policies in place that somebody would consciously violate them."


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Arizona's proposed ban on abortions past 20 weeks' gestation comes with a disturbingly crappy detail that's been mostly overlooked — according to the new law, the Abortion Countdown Clock starts ticking down two weeks before conception, which means that if you're currently on your period but planning on ovulating in 2 weeks and possibly getting some sperm in you, you should start using the Reserved for Expectant Mothers parking spots in order to take advantage of your last remaining legally guaranteed right.
In the cacophony of clamoring anti-abortion political grandstanding that's been going on over the course of the last year and a half or so, it's easy to miss the small crappy details in the parade of terrible laws. But as Mother Jones' Kate Sheppard and Amanda Marcotte over at RH Reality Check have noticed, a new generation of Ovary Overreach Orders declare a woman's pregnancy to start on the first day of the last menstrual period before she conceives. Because conception can only occur when a woman ovulates about 2 weeks later, the 20-week abortion ban in Arizona would actually be a ban on abortion on a fetus that is only 18 weeks old. This also means that women who are actually With Tampon may be declared legally With Tampon by the state of Arizona.
There's about a Super Plus level of WTF in this declaration, but the first thought that came to my mind when I read about this was: was this law written by male lawmakers who grew up in a generation that separated the boys and girls during sex ed class? Like, if I handed out a bunch of unfilled in coloring book pages of the women's reproductive system and told them to label the parts, could they do it correctly? I'm beginning to think that the people writing these laws are the same people who refuse to go to the drug store to buy their wives menstrual pads or who worry that their 12-year-old daughters could lose her virginity to a tampon.
Marcotte writes that this could have implications down the road,
If a woman is "pregnant" two weeks before she becomes pregnant, than any fertile woman—-including those currently menstruating!—-should really be considered pregnant. After all, we don't know the future. We don't know that any non-pregnant woman couldn't be pregnant two weeks from now, making her retroactively pregnant now. Considering that it's anti-choice nuts we're talking about, it's safe to assume that they'd simply prefer a situation where all women of reproductive age are considered to be pregnant, on the grounds that they could be two weeks from now.
You know, having functioning ovaries and a working uterus is getting to be too big a pain in the ass. Can anyone recommend a good veteranarian who performs spay surgeries on humans?
Update: Dr. Jen Gunter has a different take on the legislation. Check out her thoughts here.
AZ legislators trying to declare pregnancy 2 weeks prior to conception [RH Reality Check]


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The 2010 Honda Insight looks like a cynical attempt to copy the Toyota Prius. It's not. Actually, the Insight is a very cynical and clever attempt to give Americans exactly what they want.
Remember the South Park episode "Smug?" All the uppity environmentalists drove around in whooshy little cars that looked like generic versions of the Toyota Prius. That distinctive shape has come to define the Hybrid vehicle in the American psyche more by luck than intention; Toyota arrived at the shape for the Prius by working out the most aerodynamic way to package a traditional five-passenger vehicle. The result looked like no vehicle before it. The 2010 Honda Insight takes the same approach and, unsurprisingly, arrives at a very similar answer. The Prius is actually more aerodynamic than the Insight (.26 Cd vs. .28), despite the latter's slightly smaller frontal area, overall size and a significant effort invested by Honda in areas like the partially flat undertray. If anything, the Honda's the better looking car, benefiting from its five year younger age, sharper lines and more refined detailing.
In that South Park episode people drove Hybrids because they wanted to feel "like they were doing something." No one seemed to have any idea what that meant. They didn't want to make any sacrifices to achieve whatever that "doing something" was, but they sure wanted their discretionary purchases to reflect their willingness to do it. What the Insight seeks to do is give people a way to be "a part of the solution, not the problem" for less sacrifice.
As you'd expect, a significant portion of that reduced sacrifice comes from the pricepoint. Honda hasn't yet released an official price, but its own hints and informed speculation pegs it somewhere in the $18,500 neighborhood. That's a reasonably large difference from the current 2009 model Prius, which starts at $22,000. If Honda can maintain that price differential, or maybe even increase it when the 2010 Toyota Prius is launched, it'll have a significant advantage over the segment leader.
But does the Honda offer less due to the lower price? Yes and no. The big question is fuel economy. In this, the Honda appears to fail. The Insight hasn't been EPA tested yet, but Honda estimates the results will be 40 MPG city, 43 highway, 41 combined. The 2009 Prius is officially EPA rated at 48/45/46. It'll be interesting to see how big that gap is when the 2010 Prius is revealed. Of course, the $2,500 price differential will buy an awful lot of gas.
But neither is the Toyota Prius is the most economical vehicle on the block. According to hypermiler Wayne Gerdes from CleanMPG.com, Honda's own European Civic I-CTDI is capable of returning significantly better fuel economy than either hybrid. Wayne managed to get 69.9 MPG out of the Insight while driving through a suburban area without using any of his extreme hypermiling techniques like massively over-inflated tires or coasting with the engine off. We're hypermiling neophytes with barely a fleeting interest in fuel economy, yet last year we saw 73 MPG from a Honda Civic I-CTDI.
Honda's decision to offer the less fuel efficient Insight in America as opposed to the Prius-killing Civic diesel can only have been made for one reason: Americans wanted the less efficient vehicle.
That's not to say that the Insight isn't a good car. It is, and that, in our minds, is its biggest success. Drive a Prius for any reason other than decent mileage and you'll be massively disappointed by the experience. It's not all that slow, but it is unresponsive and wallowy. The brake pedal feels weird due to the regenerative system and the whole thing is just sorta lacking. In contrast, the Honda is actually somewhat fun to drive. I mean, we're not talking Civic Type-R levels of hoonage potential, but imagine a little bit heavier Honda Fit and you wouldn't be far off. The Insight actually weighs 2,723 Lbs, the current Prius weighs 2,921 and the Fit weighs 2,359. Initial strangeness comes from the CVT, which, due the minimal amount of lightweight sound deadening used, leads to a raucous engine. Put your foot down and the tinny sounding note invades the cabin at a steady rate, it doesn't sound like normal acceleration. Honda doesn't quote a 0-60 time yet, but expect it to be in 11-12 second range.
Other than that, the fancy powertrain is virtually unnoticeable. Honda has gone to great lengths to seamlessly integrate the 1.3-liter i-VTEC gasoline engine and 10-kilowatt electric motor, you'll have to be paying attention to the gauges to tell when one is working and the other's not.
The Insight is also a remarkably practical vehicle given its overall size and low roofline. The giant hatch lifts to nearly vertical, revealing a capacious trunk and 60/40 seats that fold nearly flat. Rear legroom is a little cramped for adults and a little smaller than the Prius, but the Insight has 1.5cubic feet more cargo room than the larger Prius. All the hybrid gubbins are cleverly integrated and stowed under the spare tire, which is under the flat cargo floor. The fuel tank is under the rear seats.
The Insight's other big trick is the Eco Assist system. Like Ford with its Fusion Hybrid, Honda has acknowledged that drivers are the biggest determining factor in its vehicles' ability to sip gas. The Eco Assist system helps drivers drive more economically by giving them the information and encouragement to do so, but also employing an Econ mode that provides a little help on the way. That gauge set isn't quite as informative as the Fusion Hybrid's Smartgauge system, nor a sexy, but it is more intuitive, using a simple speedo backlight that glows green when you're being responsible, fading to dark blue as you use more fuel. There's also a complicated, and somewhat tacky system of growing leaves that help track your overall performance.
The Econ button is capable of making the Insight about 10% more efficient on its own. Think of it like Prozac for cars, evening out the peaks and valleys of your throttle inputs, turning the engine off earlier when coming to a stop, running the A/C more efficiently and telling the cruise control to use less throttle. It's a welcome aid for when you don't want to pay attention to driving slowly, while the gauges should train drivers to do exactly that in the long term.
Unlike that South Park episode, we don't think this hybrid is going to lead to a Smug attack capable of destroying the world. Rather, it's going to allow people who want to be seen to drive a hybrid a cheaper way to have their supposedly green credentials immediately recognized by like-minded hypocrites while giving buyers a better driving, more practical vehicle than they likely bargained for. Is it going to save the world? No. But it is going to cash in the well-intentioned, but ultimately misguided desire a lot of people have to do so in a big way.


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The bear cub that attacked Teddy Roosevelt returned to Nationals Park Sunday afternoon, but ran into a buzz saw known as the Nats' grounds crew.
"LarQ the Bear" (a reference to the much maligned Cubs mascot Clark the Bear) was prepared to disrupt the fourth inning race once again when the Nationals grounds crew emerged from the sidelines and pummeled the mascot into the ground.
That left Teddy Roosevelt with a clear shot at the finish line, but rather than grab the victory for himself, the Bull Moose decided instead to get into the act, jumping on the bear cub himself and egging on the crowd as William Howard Taft raced by for the win.


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Tips On Picking A Dishwasher
Some Suggestions From Experts Can Help Avoid Dishpan Hands.
By Barbara Mahany
Chicago Tribune
For as long as there have been plates and forks and hungry folk who have polished off a meal, there's been the art - nay, chore - of doing dishes. As recently as 1970, 8 of 10 American households got the job done the old-fashioned way: scrubbing with soap and sponge.
Not so anymore. The latest available statistics, for 2005, indicate nearly 74 percent of U.S. households have a dishwasher. A machine that does the dirty work once you rinse and load. OK, so maybe you don't even rinse. Call me persnickety.
Because so many of us have delegated the dishes to the box beside the sink, and because those boxes - dishwashers - eventually go kaput, we thought you might want to know five things before trekking out to buy a new version of the machine that has all but shoved aside elbow grease and dishpan hands.
Here's what the folks who make, sell, or repair dishwashers think you should know:
Noise control. Who knew getting rid of the caked-on macaroni bits was such a noisy proposition? Actually, it's not the scraping that's so loud, but the grinding of the food bits by the built-in disposal within every U.S.-made dishwasher. That's where most dishwasher noise comes from, and that's why European models, which instead have a simple strainer, make so little noise. In fact, you might say they barely purr. The other factor affecting noise - which salespeople say is the No. 1 consumer concern when it comes to dishwashers - is how much insulation surrounds the box. Chances are, the more you pay, the more your dishwasher will purr instead of roar.
Dishwashers register an average of 52 decibels, which is louder than a soft whisper in a library but softer than a quiet living-room conversation. Even the quietest ones don't dip much below 47 decibels, according to industry studies. There's not a dishwasher on the market these days as loud as that genteel living-room tete-a-tete. So the clunkers of old, the ones that drowned out all talk, are pretty much on the scrap heap of history.
Button up? Fess up, folks, just how many times do you think you'll really punch the "baked-on cookware" button? Maybe once a year, when you leave the pizza pan in the oven overnight? Maybe never?
Here's a little secret from the folks who sell these things: Think twice or thrice before falling for every bell and whistle in the book. You pay for every one. "Don't spend money on cycles you won't use," says Dennis Williams, who has been selling dishwashers for 15 years at Plass Appliance in Chicago. At least 90 percent of the time, you'll be using only the normal cycle, salespeople say, so try not to succumb to the urge to splurge on every cutesy function.
Nearly every dishwasher comes with a high-temperature wash, which heats water to 160 degrees (compared with the machine's standard 110 to 120 degrees). That's a smart option in cold-and-flu season, when you want to wipe out many nasty bacteria and viruses. And it beats running your mitts under the hottest water you can stand.
The Durability Dept. Sorry, Mr. Maytag Repairman, we're not hankering for a house call. Durability is everything in the dishwashing world. We're going out on a limb here and letting you know that in our unofficial survey of three salesmen at top Chicago-area appliance centers, plus a crew of repairmen, the one dishwasher that never seems to need repair is the German-made Miele. "Nobody's ever called me to have one fixed," says Williams, the Plass salesman. KitchenAid, according to folks in the business, is the U.S.-made dishwasher likely to last the longest.
And, while you'll pay for it, a stainless-steel interior compartment, rather than a polymer plastic casing, provides superior durability (as well as insulation from noise).
To drawer or not to drawer. Suddenly, it seems that every haute kitchen must have drawers for everything - certainly for washing dishes.
Maybe not so smart. Drawers take up 15 percent more space for the same internal washing capacity. So if you stack one drawer on top of another, you'll wind up with less dishwashing volume than in one conventional dishwasher. However, if your household is small or you sometimes like to wash just the glasses, a drawer will save you in the long run. Whereas a conventional dishwasher consumes about 45 to 50 gallons of water per load, a drawer will use only half that, says Herb Braidman, a salesman for 10 years at Abt Electronics and Appliances in Glenview, Ill. What's important to know is that it's a give-and-take equation, and you're the one who calculates the answer.
Getting started. One thing not to worry about: Nearly all models these days are a standard 24 inches wide, so in virtually every case you can swap one model for another without having to get out the buzz saw.
But you can't just shove the machine in the open space, connect some pipes, and be done with it. Rule No. 1: Do not skimp on installation. Don't think just anyone can get that sleek new washer up and running without a kink or two.
Installation should run anywhere from $120 to $160, according to Chicago-area sources, and the installer often brings the dishwasher along, so there's no extra delivery charge. You want someone who knows the appliance inside and out. Save yourself money and hassle in the long run and get the job done right. Otherwise, you'll have the sponge out again - to mop up all the leaks.
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Product Features
- Ideal solution for commercial and busy environments
- Top efficiency: - Energy labels up to A++ (cooling) /A+ (heating) for RZQG71/100L9V1 + FCQG71/100F - compressor that offers substantial efficiency improvements - control logic that optimises efficiency at the most frequently encountered operating conditio
- Decrease of temperature variation by automatic fan speed selection or freely selectable 3-step fan speed.
- Replace existing systems with R-32 technology without needing to replace the piping
- Guarantees operation in both heating and cooling mode down to -15°C
- Improved comfort as a result of better airflow distribution from the vertical out blow which allows manual adjustment of air outlet blades at the top of the unit.
- Selectable horizontal out blow to better suit the layout of the room (via wired remote controller BRC1E*/BRC1H*)
- With a gas cooled PCB reliable cooling is guaranteed as it is not influenced by ambient temperature
- Maximum piping length up to 50m, minimum piping length is 5m.
- No optional adapter needed for DIII-connection, link your unit into the wider building management system.
- Outdoor units for pair, twin, triple, double twin application
- Daikin outdoor units are neat, sturdy and can easily be mounted on a roof or terrace or simply placed against an outside wall
- Units optimized for seasonal efficiency give an indication on how efficient an air conditioner operates over an entire heating or cooling season.
Home leave operation
Maintains the indoor temperature at your specified comfort level during absence, thus saving energy
Vertical auto swing
Possibility to select automatic vertical moving of the air discharge flaps for efficient air and temperature distribution throughout the room.
Inverter compressors continuously adjust compressor speed to actual demand. Fewer power-consuming starts and stops result in decreased energy consumption (up to 30%) and more stable temperatures.
Fan only
The unit can be used as fan, blowing air without heating or cooling.
Auto cooling-heating changeover
Automatically selects heating or cooling mode to achieve the set temperature.
Fan speed steps (3 steps)
Allows to select up to the given number of fan speed.
Dry programme
Allows humidity levels to be reduced without variations in room temperature.
Air filter
Removes airborne dust particles to ensure a steady supply of clean air.
Weekly timer
Can be set to start heating or cooling anytime on a daily or weekly basis.
Wired remote control
Starts, stops and regulates the air conditioner.
Centralised control
Starts, stops and regulates several air conditioners from one central point.
The unit restarts automatically at the original settings after power failure.
Infrastructure cooling
Remove in a reliable, efficient and flexible way the heat constantly generated by the IT and server equipment to ensure maximum uptime while offering the best return on investment.
Self diagnosis
Simplifies maintenance by indicating system faults or operating anomalies.