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Shade trees are tall trees with broad, leafy crowns (leaves and branches) that provide a wide array of benefits. Shade trees can grow to more than 50 feet tall when fully grown. You will find shade trees, such as oaks, maples and elms in the woods, backyards, and along urban streets.
A collection of many shade trees growing near each other form a tree canopy. These groups of trees, or canopy, provide a great deal more benefits than an individual tree. The tree canopy across Montgomery County is essential to our well-being and quality of life.
Tree Montgomery wants to plant shade trees and add to the tree canopy in your neighborhood!
Here are some great references that show how shade trees and tree canopy improve your life:
General Benefits
NC State's Department of Horticultural Science has lots of useful information about the environmental, personal, and social benefits that trees provide.
Alliance for Community Trees created this list of research on the benefits of trees.
The US Forest Service published the Piedmont Community Tree Guide. This guide quantifies benefits and costs for small, medium, and large broadleaf trees and one coniferous tree in the Piedmont region (including Montgomery County).
Casey Trees and Davey Tree Expert Co. created the National Tree Benefit Calculator, a free online tool to estimate the real dollar value of some of the benefits provided by a tree in your neighborhood.
Health and Wellbeing Benefits
The US Forest Service published this fact sheet about the link between trees and human health.
Energy Benefits
A free online tool, called iTree Design, allows you to estimate how much money a tree can save you by shading your home or business. It was developed through a cooperative initiative between six different organizations.


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Weekly meme hosted by The Book Worms
This week I'm CRAZY about…
The aqua shirt really stands out compared to the rest of the colors.
The background looks pretty chaotic yet the chick is just casually hanging out, leaning against a dilapidated column
This cover has a bit of a tribal feel to it with the markings on the wall and the shadows that looks kinda like a ritual dance.
About the Blogger
I review Urban Fantasy and Paranormal Romance books with a focus all things werewolf. Based out of Ottawa, Canada

subset: commoncrawl


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Top Rated Films
Instagram babe 679694
Madisson is a real Georgia peach who told me she had like 10 friends with benefits, so I knew she'd be up for anything if I offered her to make some quick cash. She also said she generally enjoys being submissive and doing it doggystyle and that's when I knew I'd definitely fuck her. Damn, that sweet young pussy felt so good I gave Madisson some extra attention and when I finally had her ass covered with my hot cum she was as satisfied as myself.


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Commercial Investment
When investing in commercial real estate, nothing is more important than having a team of experts on your side. If you're looking for a commercial real estate company with expertise, education, extensive market knowledge and a devotion to customer service, look no further. Let Massell Commercial Real Estate be your trusted, long-term advisors that can help you make informed decisions every step of the way.
With a legacy of four generations of commercial real estate expertise, we can convert our unique understanding of the market into a lucrative opportunity for you. We combine our strong community involvement with leading information technology to give our clients the edge they need to invest in the best deals. Click here to read more.
>>Click here to read about current investment opportunities.
Our firm works with "High Net Worth" individuals, family trusts, limited partnerships and investment trusts to acquire income producing properties throughout the United States. Similar to the fisherman with his fly, we stand in the "constant stream of deals," casting about for the trophy pick. We evaluate each opportunity and advise our clients if a particular project meets their objectives.


text: Now you can cook with confidence with the 112 delicious air-fried recipes inside Taste of Home Everyday Air Fryer. With this mighty cookbook in hand, it's never been easier to lighten up some of your favorite comfort foods. That's because the air method practically eliminates the need for oil, leaving you with crispy chicken tenders, breaded fish fillets, toasted ravioli, onion rings, potato chips and other fun foods, all without the unpleasant mess or excess fat of deep-fat frying.


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The lovely poetess/fantasy author Cynthia Morgan of BooknVolume has graciously offered to put me and my soon-to-be-published novel Unplayable Lie in her author spotlight today.
Thank you, Morgan!!
Please hop over to read our interview and leave us a comment. When you're done, hang around a bit and enjoy Morgan's golden pen — you won't be disappointed.
Once again, thanks to all of YOU for being such loyal, supportive readers and friends!!


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By Missy Henriksen, National Association of Landscape Professionals
Some homeowners determine it's time to begin developing their landscape upon overriding boredom with the basic shrubs installed by the home's builder. For others, when they feel their yard has become "that one" on the block that causes others to laugh or mock. Regardless of the trigger, there are several quick fixes that can be done in a weekend to make your yard instantly more attractive.
Clean It Up! It sounds basic, but if you haven't spruced up your yard in a bit, the first thing you need to do to begin appreciating your landscape is to clean it up. This means finding the rake and pruning shears to give an immediate face lift to what you already have. Remove lingering leaf debris in your planting areas and trim back overgrown bushes that have lost their shape or block views from your windows. Then, let the real fun begin.
Start by selecting a defined area to beautify. Don't try to tackle everything at once. As you begin your landscape improvements, identify a specific project or two that can be the most easily implemented and will make an immediate impact.
Photo credit: Photograph courtesy of Sun Valley Landscaping, Omaha, NE
Add a Splash of Color with Flowers. Your landscape will look instantly better with color. In general, when it comes to plant selection, you are the artist. Select plants that have hues and tones that appeal to you. Be careful, though. Many first time planters choose flowers based on color or look alone and soon find their yard doesn't offer the right growing conditions for the plants selected. Don't make that mistake. Rather, determine how much sunlight your garden spot receives so that you can choose plants that will thrive in that space. Pansies, geraniums, sunflowers, California poppies, sweet peas, veronica, asters, yarrow, peonies, and daffodils are all good considerations for novice planters. Choose a combination of perennial plants – those that will last for an infinite period of time and annual plants – those that will only last for the season.
Don't Forget White Flowers. White flowers help illuminate garden areas in the evening as the sunlight hits their petals and can add beauty to your yard at night. Hydrangeas, impatiens, lilies, and dozens of others are excellent options.
Consider Ground Cover. Adding flowering ground cover is an easy weekend project that makes an immediate – and long term – impact. There are endless options for ground covering plants that will fill space with color, textures, heights, and design. Consider lamium, thyme, lilly-of-the-valley, vinca, pachysandra, lamb's ears, and brass buttons, of course focusing on what will be most effective for your growing conditions.
Shrubs are a Must. Shrubs are an essential ingredient for your landscape. They can be used to hide undesirable spots in your yard, add visual focal points, offer fragrance that can be enjoyed, and transition large displays in your yard to smaller ones. There are hundreds of options to choose in selecting shrubs, including those that add vibrant green throughout the year and those that flower; tall and short ones, and thin and wide ones. As with flowers, it is important to select the right plant for the right space. Make sure the shrubs you choose will thrive in your yard. Some hearty plants to consider include: hydrangeas, boxwood, forsythia, lemongrass, lavender, and red oleander. Remember shrubs will grow. Locate them based on the size they will be at maturity, not the size at planting.
Add Mulch. A fresh layer of mulch makes any landscape look better. It's not just an aesthetic feature; mulch helps trap moisture and channel water into to plant roots. It helps regulate soil temperatures and discourage weeds. Note: keep mulch approximately 18 inches from the foundation of your home to help prevent pests, especially termites, from taking up residence. Finish your weekend landscaping project by edging, which provides a strong, attractive boundary between the planting area and your grass and can help improve the health of your landscape.
Plant a Tree. It doesn't have to Arbor Day to plant a tree. Create a lasting legacy on your property by adding a tree that can provide shade, privacy, and beauty. As with flowers and shrubs, there are seemingly endless considerations for tree selection as well. Be sure to select a tree that can grow into the identified space and be sure to give the sapling plenty of attention for the first two years to ensure it has the foundation to grow into the future.
Small Touches Add Fun. If you don't have a lot of time to invest in your landscape and are looking for a quick fix or two to help enhance it, add small pots of flowers, whimsical yard décor, a birdbath, or some other small feature to help you enjoy your outdoor space a bit more.
Taking on one or several of these easy activities will help jumpstart your ho hum landscape. For additional ideas and to bring out the best in your outdoor living space, contact a landscape professional.
For more information, visit LoveYourLandscape.org.
All articles are copyrighted and remain the property of the author.Article URL:
By Natalie Carmolli, Proven Winners® ColorChoice® shrubs
Photographs courtesy of Proven Winners® ColorChoice® shrubs
The Pantone color of the year is Viva Magenta. Pantone describes it as a "brave and fearless, pulsating color whose exuberance promotes a joyous and optimistic celebration…" For a list of woody ornamentals that show off this outstanding color,
click here .


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Price: $17.99
(as of Dec 03,2017 01:05:11 UTC – Details)
Aluminum Half Size Deep Foil Pan 30 packs 9 x 13 Safe for use in freezer, oven, and steam table.pen,Top out measures 12.78×10.45 and top in 11.65×9.25 in. Depth 2.56 in. half size foil steam table pan is made of durable quality aluminum foil and features a full curl rim. The curled rim provides rigidity and can be held or gripped. Disposableand eco-friendly aluminum foil. Weighs less than steel. No-fuss way to keep grill clean and ready for service. Aluminum Foil ,impervious to light, moisture and odors, is ideal for the food service, both for household and restaurant.


text: Our Multiple Housing schemes range from small clusters of individually designed homes and apartments, through to larger schemes of several hundred units. Western Design Architects will always deliver high quality homes to suit the local context. The success of our projects is achieved by integrating unique homes into larger scale housing schemes, creating an aesthetic that is desirable to potential residents. Over the past 30 years, we have designed thousands of new dwellings and produced high quality, cost-effective solutions which maximise profit for house builders whilst providing well designed, comfortable homes for future residents.


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The whole spray can nightmare!
When Mankind invented " The Wall" …graffiti was close behind.
Big Picture's own logo is itself a homage to the cave artists of Lascaux 18,000 years ago…. The first wall painters. This is a powerful instinct within us woven into our very DNA. Expressing ourselves through art is as strong as a birds urge to migrate.
The "Big Picture" logo is itself a homage to the first wall painters.
In "Maeshowe", a 5000 year Celtic burial chamber in Orkney, Scotland, plundering Vikings left their graffiti ("Erik wrote this high up" in stick runes!).
Everyone from Arabs 3000 years ago to the Romans and Napoleon's soldiers have left their mark on the Great Pyramids.
It all took time… sitting patiently with a penknife carving your name took ages and the results were small scale.
In 1949 Edward Seymore invented the aerosol paint spray, changing the graffiti game forever. Now a person could cover tens of meters in moments.
By the Paris riots of 1968 the "rattle can" became the weapon of choice… small, concealed, immediate and with a pattern that screamed
frustration and anger.
By the late 1970's spay graffiti was a ubiquitous part of the urban landscape with New York leading the way before it's worldwide explosion!
How many cans?
In 2012, U.S. Spray-paint manufacturers produced 412 million spray cans!
Laid end-to-end those cans would stretch 58,500 miles (2.35 times around the Earth) and shoot enough paint to cover
10,300,000,000 sq.ft. (10.3 trillion sq.ft. or 369 square miles)!
If Ed Sherwin were to invent the spray paint can today it would never make it to the market.
- Paint spray cans are pressurized " greenhouse gas bombs" of volatile and flammable hydrocarbons. Propane is used as a propellant which is avoided as a fuel in disposal lighter… because it is too flammable!
- A 20% transfer efficiency rate of means that 80% of the contents are directly atomized into the air as overspray during typical use. This means 60 Million gallons of paint and propane are added to the atmosphere each year!
- Spray cans are a toxic disposal nightmare and are almost impossible to recycle. They are pressurized to 80psi (nearly six times atmospheric pressure) so they cannot be crushed and will last more than 100 years in a landfill.
Why are spray paints exempt from environmental recovery fees?
When you buy paint in some States, a waste disposal surcharge (PaintCare Recovery Fee) is added for each container at the till to offset the cost of responsible handling. Architectural paints are listed as "Program Products" but aerosol spray cans are not included.
1 gallon $ 0.75 More than 1 gallon to 5 gallons $ 1.60
If BP or Chevron spill oil on a beach fines are levied and they have to pay to clean it up and yet the paint companies remain untouched for either the environmental or societal impact of their products.
It is time that paint companies step forward to help in a SUBSTANTIVE way and help clear up the mess. We are not saying that the they started the graffiti war… but they sure provide the bombs.
- A 50c surcharge on every can of spray paint that would generate $200 million to help turn the problem around. (still only 1% of the estimated $20 Billion in annual U.S. graffiti costs)
- The symptom cause addressed with an effort be made to reintroduce art and crafts back into the classroom and satisfy the creative instincts of youth and in a positive and open way.
- A national media campaign and school speaking visits in an honest dialogue on how graffiti directly impacts lives and communities …. the "uncooling" of graffiti.
- Funds must not be channeled through the general education where they will be squandered in administrative costs, but given directly to art education teachers as prepaid cards supplier cards to get art materials efficiently into the hands of students.
- Art schools and colleges should make it possible for their students to visit middle/high school classes one or two mornings a month, working as teachers assistants to bring in new ideas, get valuable experience and to be a shining example for younger students to aspire.
- Young chronic offenders be immersed in one-on-one mentored redirection programs like "Big Picture" projects to discover how to express themselves in a undiluted way and make art without victims.
Nice article about the history of rattle can. I used to use spray paint quite a lot and I have cut down considerably mainly because of the environment. That is an alarming fact about 20% I knew it was bad, but not that bad.


text: Fashion Jul 11, 2018 Zara Wants Us to Wear Leggings in the Strangest Way This Fall by Emma Spedding It might only be July, but Zara's F/W 18 collection has already started hitting stores. Among the Friends T-shirts and knitted skirts, we've noticed a rather unlikely leggings styling trick: The models are all wearing a pair of simple black leggings underneath their outfits. Many of them also have on backless pointed mules. Perhaps it's the witchy flats or the extreme layering, but I think if you add a venti-sized black coffee, an ankle-skimming coat, and some oversize sunglasses, you'd look like a long-lost Olsen sister. The likes of Balenciaga and The Row have similar pant-length black leggings, indicating that perhaps they are about to become an essential base layer for the fashion crowd. Photo: Zara Does our own fashion team think this could take off? "There are very few leggings and legging trends that I'm genuinely on board with from a fashion perspective (sorry), but this one has me more confused than most," says Who What Wear UK's editorial director, Hannah Almassi. "What I do know is that, in general, where Zara leads many often follow—so once the heat wave is over, could we really see girls layering leggings under things again? Quite possibly. Many other hated fashion trends manage to make successful comebacks." Photo: Zara Joy Montgomery, Who What Wear UK acting assistant editor, can imagine giving these a go. "Out of all the atrocities fashion has delivered in its long history, this is not really the worst trend. No, it's not the most elegant-looking styling hack, but when winter comes around, I certainly wouldn't be opposed to giving this a go (famous last words)," she says. If you can imagine trying this outfit come coat season, keep scrolling to shop the look. Shop the Look Violeta by Mango Combined Mesh T-Shirt $60 Shop Now Available in sizes XS to XL. Zara Rustic Pareo $50 Shop Now Available in sizes S to L. The Row Slim Fit Leggings $609 Shop Now Available in sizes 2 to 10. Zara Leather Mules $60 Shop Now Just add a cup of coffee and you're Olsen-ready. This post originally appeared on Who What Wear UK. Explore More: Leggings


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Do doble sostenido
[Spanish, C double sharp]
The Spanish term for the pitch C double sharp.
See more about syllables of solmization in the Appendix.
See more about pitches in the Appendix.
See Also[English] C double sharp
[French] Do double dièse (m)
[German] Cisis (n)
[Italian] Do doppio diesis (m)
Last Updated: 2016-05-23 12:57:33


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This was without a doubt one of the oddest comedy shows that I've ever witnessed.
It started ordinarily enough – well, as ordinarily as any Comedy Festival gig can, what with having no opening act. The house lights dropped on cue, Earth Wind and Fire's 'September' filled the air. Then suddenly, we're greeted with a pokey old head sticking out from left of stage – the appearance of which elicits a wave of applause. It's the man of the hour, that loveable rogue Steve Hughes, returned with a little more wrinkles and a lot less hair but just as metal as ever. He opens by confiding that he's in a pretty poor state on account of being bedridden with illness, but regardless of this fact he manages to slam out a brilliant opening half-hour, touching on everything from old age and the colonoscopies that come with it, to social network surveillance and romance in the digital age (read: dick pics), leaving me howling in my terrible theatre seat* and begging for air. So nothing out of the ordinary there – just classic Steve Hughes, teetering on that fine line between irreverent, whimsical alcoholic and anarchic conspiracy theorist, just like we like him. Then he got into his Social Justice Warrior and Feminism material. He prefaced it going in with a statement: 'I know I'm gonna get some bad reviews for this', and with having been a pretty long-term fan of Steve Hughes I never would have thought that this statement would have been directed at me. But in this instance, I am sad to say that it was.
Now, I'm gonna be clear about this before I get crucified by the Anti-PC Brigade – it wasn't the material that put me off. In honesty, I found a lot his feminist musings here pretty boorish and under-cooked – like a drunk dad speaking outta line at the end of a party – and they also lacked the normal depth I would expect from a man I know to be an incredibly insightful comedian, but regardless, it was not the material that put me off. I've been a lover of stand-up comedy since I can remember and I understand, appreciate and fully respect the art form, and as such, I do not come to a comedy show and expect that I will agree with the opinions expressed therein. Nor do I want to – I don't come to comedy shows to be comfortable, I come to them to be confronted, and to leave thinking. I come to them to cackle my throat raw, too, but the point I'm making is that I don't come to be placated, and I'm not afraid to engage with challenging material that I don't agree with. So again, it wasn't the material that put me off. It was the way that he derailed his entire show with thirty to forty god-damn minutes of it that put me off.
The secret to any good performance is timing, and in comedy, timing is everything. Any comic worth his weight will consider the timing of a punchline, but the best in the business know that their focus should not only be on timing their punches but on the pacing of the show. You gotta keep them punches rolling; you gotta keep the energy in the room high and the laughs coming back-to-back. And if you're going to present some challenging material, part of making that work is knowing how to pace your gags so that if you throw an audience with one topic, you've got enough time to win 'em back on the next without dulling the energy in the room. Tonight, Steve Hughes gave absolutely no consideration to that age-old art, slamming out one short-sighted feminist gag after another without any kind of development to the concept and by the hour-mark in the show, I felt numbed-out and completely detached. Even he seemed a bit fatigued by it at that point.
Thankfully, the show didn't end there – instead, something kind of strange happened. You could tell that Steve knew there was a weird energy in the room now, and I think part of him didn't want to leave the show on an awkward note. He did some solid material about gaining some perspective on the way he's chosen to live his life over the years, and then on his health (both physically and spiritually). Then, looking unsure of where to go from there, he began to set his mic back down and wrap up the evening. As it became obvious the show was coming to an end, a murmur began rising from the crowd, slowly growing in intensity. Some people started hollering for an encore before the man even left. Somebody threw out a request, and then another – Steve looked around for some confirmation, then a crew member bellowed from out back that there was no show following him tonight. With that, the man came back to life before our eyes, taking the mic back up one last time to a roar of support and adoration and announcing that he was gonna stick around for as long as the crowd wanted him there.
For an additional 40 minutes, Steve giggled whimsically and flopped around the stage like it was his own personal open-mic night. His energy was double that of the entire preceding hour, making loose and vague observations on anything he could think of and working out his punchlines on the fly like a fearless comedy troubadour. He started taking requests from the crowd, sheepishly admitting he didn't remember half of the gags and even taking a blank minute or two to try and remember them so that he could deliver while we all sat patiently with baited breath. He riffed awkwardly on people's countries of origin (that age old 'where are you from, ma'am?' routine) without really having any material on any of the countries offered, and so then that became the joke. In not having any material prepared, he managed to completely out-perform the scripted portion of his show. Just as the energy started to dip again, Steve decided this time to take his cue; he gave the usual thanks to end a show, and in an incredibly touching moment of vulnerability, confided that he was suffering some pretty serious health issues. He said he was going to "see a man about it" soon, and requested that should we have a god or an energy out there that we pray to, to put one up for Steve Hughes during this coming month. After the performance we witnessed tonight, I don't think anybody in the room failed to put a thought out into the ether for him, theist or not. Steve, whatever you're going through, get better soon mate. All love.
** Side note: honestly, these seats were haggard. I wouldn't usually complain about theatre seats but these old plastic drop-down jobs were so old they bowed; I was envious of the guys below us on those plastic school chairs we used to have just for the stability they were experiencing. Lift your game, Town Hall.


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This tutorial explains Linux "mv" command, options and its usage with examples.
mv [OPTION]… SOURCE… DIRECTORY
mv (short for move) is a Unix command that moves one or more files or directories from one place to another. Since it can "move" files from one filename to another, it is also used to rename files.
Using mv requires the user to have write permission for the directories the file will move between. This is because mv changes the file's location by editing the file list of each directory.
Here's the listing of example usage of "mv" command:
1. To rename a file(mv original_name new_name):
sanfoundry-> ls mv_command sample.txt sam.txt sanfoundry-> ls -i sam.txt 591562 sam.txt sanfoundry-> mv sam.txt sam1.txt sanfoundry-> ls -i sam1.txt 591562 sam1.txt
Here you can see that even after moving the files, it's inode number remains the same which indicates no change in the content.
2. To rename a Directory(mv original_name new_name):
Just like renaming a file, you can rename a directory using mv command as shown below. This also keeps the inode number of the directory same after renaming.
sanfoundry-> mkdir sam sanfoundry-> ls -ldi sam 612573 drwxrwxr-x 2 himanshu himanshu 4096 Jul 16 18:59 sam sanfoundry-> mv sam sam1 sanfoundry-> ls -ldi sam1 612573 drwxrwxr-x 2 himanshu himanshu 4096 Jul 16 18:59 sam1
Here as we can see tha the innode number, 612573 is remained the same. We here used "-d" option alongwith ls since we want info about
the directories.
3. To prompt for a confirmation before overwriting(mv -i original new):
To avoid ovewritting the existing file before mv command, you might want to get a confirmation from move command before overwriting the destination file using -i option as shown below. You may type either 'y' or 'n' to accept or reject the move operation.
sanfoundry-> mv -i sam1.txt sample.txt mv: overwrite `sample.txt'? y
4. To take a backup of destination before overwriting(mv –suffix=extension oldname newname):
If you want to avoid the overwriting of the file, you mat rename the file before using mv command.
sanfoundry-> ls sample1.txt sample2.txt sanfoundry-> mv --suffix=.backup sample1.txt sample2.txt sanfoundry-> ls sample2.txt sample2.txt.backup
Here as you can see that sample2.txt files was alreadt there. But using –suffix=.backup had added the extension and renamed it as sample2.txt
5. Move all the files from a folder:
sanfoundry-> ls 1.txt 2.txt sanfoundry-> mv * ../folder/ sanfoundry-> ls sanfoundry-> cd .. sanfoundry-> cd folder/ sanfoundry-> ls 1.txt 2.txt
6. To move only the files that don't exist in the destination directory(mv -u source destination):
sanfoundry-> cd ../sam/ sanfoundry-> ls 1.txt sanfoundry-> ls 1.txt 2.txt 3.txt sanfoundry-> mv * ../sam/ sanfoundry-> cd ../sam/ sanfoundry-> ls 1.txt 2.txt 3.txt
7. To show the errors:
mv will move the file(s) without prompting even if it is writing over an existing target. Note that this is the default if the standard input is not a terminal.
sanfoundry-> mv -f 1.txt ../sam/ mv: `1.txt' and `../sam/1.txt' are the same file sanfoundry-> mv -f 11.txt ../sam/ mv: cannot stat `11.txt': No such file or directory
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – 1000 Linux Tutorials.
- Buy Linux Books
- Apply for Programming Internship
- Buy Information Technology Books
- Practice Programming MCQs
- Apply for Linux Internship


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Architecture in Córdoba
UNESCO declared the "Manzana Jesuítica"a world heritage site. This is a historic Jesuit city block ubicated in the city centre.
As an intern in Architecture you will assist with design and documentation tasks, giving manual and computer drafting support, assisting in all aspects of a building design, organizing documents related to different projects and much more. If you've got abilities in model building, communication, design techniques, business and mathematics, our project is perfect for you. Sign up now!
Families & Homestays
Our families know, due to their experience, what it means to be a real host. They have received many students from different nationalities, occupations and ages. We will take into consideration your likes and preferences. Living with a local family is the best way to learn their customs, likes, and style while you learn a new language.
Residences & Hostels
If you want to live with several local and foreign students, you can choose to stay in a private or shared room in any of the students' residencies we offer you. Sharing a place with young people from all over the world is a great opportunity to learn about different cultures and make new friends as well as learning about the place in which you are studying.
Private Apartments
A Private Apartment is the best choice to enjoy your privacy and comfort of your own place.
Required Skills
Primary Responsabilities
- Studies in the field of architecture
- Creative and motivated
- Detail oriented
- Well-read and open to new ideas and influences.
- Oral and written bilingual (Spanish) skills a plus
- Strong sense of commitment and responsibility
- Teamwork skills
- Able to use computer graphic resources
- Previous experience, though helpful, is not required
At your workplace, you'll probably start with basic tasks in a variety of fields in architecture. You'll be be responsible for one or more of the following tasks depending on your abilities:
- Duties can include any phase of a construction project
- Assist with the development and documentation of projects
- Drawings
- Site visits, photography, measuring.
- Client and internal meetings.
- Contact with providers and clients
- Collaboration in preparing conferences and workshop
- Observing and assisting with technical research and generation of drawings for projects to be constructed.
- Administrative tasks
- Updating company website to include recent projects.
- Recognition and valuation of buildings
- Original creations for exhibitions
Please note: Responsibilities can vary according to the needs and resources of the Host Organization at the moment of your internship.
Project Hightlights
- Get hands-on experience, contacts with other people in architecture, and improve the possibility to land a job immediately after your internship.
- Develop new skills as a worker and learn things about yourself which you never knew you were capable of.
- Take the opportunity to collaborate into the design of a building.
- Make model, design an original project, prepare conferences and more!
Work Schedule
- Determined on site. This position requires a minimum time commitment of 20 hours per week.
Internship Period
- Minimum commitment: 8 weeks. Please contact us for holidays information.
Contact us NOW!
Our Team is ready to help you:


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ALORO MINING CORP. – (the "Company or Aloro") ALORO MINING CORP. – ("Aloro" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that it has appointed Dave Cross CPA, CGA as CFO and Director.
Mr. Cross is a Chartered Professional Accountant ("CPA"), Certified General Accountant, and is a co-founder of Cross Davis & Company, a CPA firm that has focused on providing accounting and management services to publicly listed companies since 2010. In total, Mr. Cross has over 23 years of accounting experience.
Aloro also announces that it has accepted the resignation of Logan B. Anderson as CFO and Director.
Thomas A. Doyle, President and CEO stated "Aloro has worked with Dave since the 4th Quarter of 2020. I look forward to working with Dave in a more expanded capacity going forward."
About Aloro Mining Corp. Aloro holds the 3199-hectare Los Venados Project (LV) which is located in the Mulatos Gold District and is directly adjacent to the active Mulatos open pit of Alamos Gold Inc. to the south. Aloro also shares with Alamos, common borders to the east and north. The western border is shared with Agnico Eagle Mines Limited where it operates the La India open pit. The known mineralization within the Mulatos District is gold-dominant, high sulfidation mineralized system, with accessory silver and copper.
Per: "Thomas A. Doyle"
Thomas A. Doyle
President & CEO
For further information, please contact:
Thomas A. Doyle
Phone: (604) 689-5722
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.


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I'm happy to endorse Adrian's work. He has consistently produced great images for fundraising and community events, including photographs for the Kiwanis Star Talent Show and the Kiwanis International Magazine. -Joan Pasquale, Executive Director
Atlantic Coast Trailers
We met with Adrian to discuss the idea of a promotional video for our company and we came away with something miles above our expectations. Adrian is attentive, intuitive, organized and visionary. He and his staff are true creative professionals with exquisite attention to details. We look forward to working with him for all our… Read More
Action for Boston Community Development (ABCD)
Adrian has done superior work for ABCD on a number of occasions. He brings talent, skill and passion to every project and adds significantly to the process and the final piece. We're always grateful for his contributions, and I can't recommend him highly enough. Lee Phenner, Director of Communications
Two Roads Performance Projects Artistic Director, Come On Over Ensemble Theater
Adrian Atwood has become our "go-to" videographer for theater productions. He has a great eye and a great aesthetic, and we're thrilled with the fantastic promotional trailers he's made for us as well full-show documentation. He's professional and easy to work with, and we're always looking forward to the next project! Wanda Strukus, Co-Artistic Director… Read More
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Working with Adrian was a pleasure—he was professional, interested, and communicative through the whole process. He listened thoughtfully to the message we wanted the video to have and the final product hit that message exactly. We are thrilled to have his video as a tool to promote our organization. -Caitlin Browne, Asst. Director Watertown Free… Read More
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Rachel Walker, The Rachel Review Adrian has consistently provided us with the utmost quality and professionalism in creating our web series videos… My co-host and I are new to the video world and Adrian has helped us immensely in understanding how to create a high-end production that suits our brand and engages our audience. I… Read More
Eric Frazer Photography
Eric Frazer, Photographer Adrian Atwood did an excellent job producing a behind the scenes video for my business. We worked together to produce an edit that captured not only what I do, but the experience of working with me.


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Ministry to the larger community
If you are interested in learning more about becoming a Pastoral Home Care Visitor through St. Thomas a Becket parish or if you know of somebody who would appreciate a visit please contact Ailsa Lee Loy 514-626-7265 or Susan Carroll 514-887-4365.
LOCAL WEST ISLAND FOOD BANKS: If you would like to donate non-perishables we suggest the following locations:
Fonds d'Aide de l'Ouest-de-l'Île 21 rue Commercial, Roxboro H8Y 3K6 514-683-0456
West Island Mission 219 Labrosse, Pointe-Claire H9R 1A3 514-912-6813
On Rock Ministries 9554 boul. Gouin O. Pierrefonds, QC H9H 0A3 514-696-1905
Mada West Island 15814 boul. Gouin, Sainte-Geneviève, QC H9H 1C4 514-342-4969
Contact the parish office at 514-626-4111 for more information.
For 6 months of the year (Nov. to May) the ministry of the Angels of Mercy is to provide a healthy meal to over 100 homeless people who hang out in the park at the corner of Berri & St. Catherine streets as well as the corner of Atwater and Ste-Catherine. Every Sunday we head out with our boiling pot of soup. In the car on our way downtown, we put together 90 lunch bags consisting of a sandwich, a power bar and a juice box.
When we arrive downtown, the car doors & trunk fly open as we set out to serve a cup of soup from the trunk and distribute the lunch bags to the homeless who have lined up behind the car. A couple of volunteers walk the streets to find the homeless persons hidden from the cold & give them a lunch bag, inviting them back to the car for a hot cup of soup. Many of the homeless stay around to eat, chat & fill up on a second (or third) cup of soup. Other volunteers distribute gently used winter clothing, hygiene kits, gloves, hats, scarves, socks and underwear as we chat with our homeless brothers and sisters, hoping to brighten their day.
For more info, visit their website: www.helpfeedthehomeless.org or call Sarah Sajedi 514-827-6408.


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When, And Not If…
The season of Lent (the time of preparation for Easter Sunday) begins on a different date each year in the Christian Calendar. This year for instance, Lent 2014 begins on Ash Wednesday, March 5, 2014.
Lent precedes the greatest Christian Festival – Easter. It starts on Ash Wednesday, crystallises with celebrations on Palm Sunday.
Its a time for reflection on the; life, suffering, death and resurrection of our Lord and Saviour – Jesus Christ. It involves spiritual disciplines like; fasting, moderation, contemplation, abstinence, consecration… In one of the teachings of The Rabbi while He was here with us, He used the word When repeatedly while explaining the importance of prayer, fasting and giving – thereby highlighting the expectation that we ought to be engaged in these activities.
When you pray…., When you fast…, When you give…
Friends these are caveats. They add virtue to our walk, and are essential for building our spiritual stamina to confront and conquer challenges as we journey through life.
So lets start with this year's Lent, using it as a platform for bigger and greater exploits!
~ Sabali


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Q 1. Where has India's first private jet terminal exclusive for private jets of ultra-rich individuals come up ?
Ans. New Delhi
Q 2. Temples like the Travancore Devaswom Board which manages many temples including theSabarimala temple are faced with declining revenues due to the pandemic. How are they using their gold reserves to generate income without actually selling them ?
Ans. Depositing gold ornaments under the RBI's Gold Monetization scheme and earning interest on it
Q 3. What industry connects the following places Channapatna in Karnataka, Chitrakoot in UP, Kondapalli in AP and Budni-Rewa in MP ?
Ans. Traditional toys industry
Q 4. Arvind Virmani , the Economist ,has predicted that Indian economy will see a Elephant shaped recovery after the pandemic ..What is an Elephant shaped recovery ?
Ans. Using the parable of elephants and the blind men, elephant shaped recovery means different shapes for different people/ industries
Q 5. Which car manufacturer in India was the fastest to notch up sales of 100,000 cars ?
Ans. Kia Motors
Q 6. Byju's has acquired a startup LabInApp that makes desktop and mobile games that simulate science experiments. Which small town is this app from ?
Ans. Hubli, Karnataka
Q 7. US version of Alexa has voices of Samuel Jackson, Gordon Ramsay , Darth Vader .In India, next year Alexa will be available in voice of which actor ?
Ans. Amitabh Bachchan
Q8. What are the bullion traders attributing the reason for the local gold prices in India being lower than the imported gold price ?
Ans. A lot of homes and small businessmen are giving their gold for raising money.. This gold is getting recycled and increasing the local supply
Q9. With demand for chocolates down due to the lockdowns which brand will have a 10 Rs pack from Mars Wrigleys to tap the lower price points ?
Ans. M & Ms
Q 10. Abidali Neemuchwala, former Wipro CEO has joined a VC firm as a Partner. Which one ?
Ans. Dallas Venture Partners
Q 11. What has the various court rulings classified the Online Fantasy Sports like Dream 11, Myteam 11 as ?
Ans. Game of Skill and not a Game of Chance, hence legal.
Q 12. "I never imagined that the frequently argumentative little boy I faced each night at dinner, the one eating my food and using my name, was to be my future employer," Bill Gates Sr said this in a 2003 speech. Where did Bill Gates Sr work for the Bill Gates ?
Ans. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Q 13. Facebook has launched a new version of Facebook exclusive for the college students , first in US only..Here the student can have a different profile different from their regular FB profile. What is the name if this offering ?
Ans. Facebook Campus
Q14. Name this Cloud database company that is coming out with a mega IPO of 3 Bn $ ..It has investors like Berkshire Hathaway and Salesforce
Ans. Snowflake
Q 15. With which company has Google partnered with to market Video Meet hardwar like camera, sound bar , microphones and a touchscreen remote ?
Ans. Lenovo
Q 16. In which European country the govt is giving 50 Euros subsidy to citizens to repair their bicycles ? ..This is being done to promote social distancing and health after the pandemic .It has increased cycling by 30 % over last year
Ans France
Q 17. What is Yorkshire tea promoting in this ad using an unusual tea pot with a long spout ?
Ans. Drinking tea while maintaining Social Distancing
Q 18. Identify the video game console from its logo.
Ans. Nintendo Switch
Q 19. A mega deal is happening in the semi-conductors industry. NVIdia is likely to acquire ARM..Who is the seller ?
Ans. Softbank.. The deal is under some cloud because of UK regulators
Compiled by G.Mohan
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Renaissance Copresences in Romantic Verse
Lee M. Johnson
University of British Columbia
Johnson, Lee M. "Renaissance Copresences in Romantic Verse." Early Modern Literary Studies Special Issue 7 (May, 2001): 15.1-24 <URL: http://purl.oclc.org/emls/si-07/johnson.htm>.
Ye Presences of Nature in the sky
And on the earth! Ye Visions of the hills!
And Souls of lonely places!
The Prelude, I: 464-66
And I have felt
A presence that disturbs me with the joy
Of elevated thoughts . . . .
Tintern Abbey, 93-95
Theories of language are at their best when describing simple communications ("John and Mary went to the opera") but show a strain when confronting complex expressions ("bright effluence of bright essence increate"). The phrase "wrestling with God," which is in the title of this volume, requires one to wrestle with words, perhaps even with the Word; and the presupposition of metaphysical conditions merely compounds the problem of making the vehicle of language carry a burden appropriate to the tenor of thought intermixed with it. In this essay, we shall consider poets wrestling, if not explicitly with a deity, at least with those predecessors of greatest and most urgent significance. The language and forms our poets must devise for transforming allusions to their predecessors into complex interactions as copresences in their works also make possible wrestling with any problems of ultimate value. Our attention will be directed to the differences between metaphorical and metaphysical wit, to the equivalent distinction between a conventional literary allusion and the creation of a copresence, and to the nature of mathematical reality and its Platonic presences as an analogue to the symbolic forms evoked by poets wrestling with a metaphysical sense of presence.
As an approach to the metaphysical possibilities of poetic allusions, let us consider how allusions consisting of emblematic and symbolic forms, above and beyond verbal references, tend to suggest or evoke a sense of presence that goes beyond conventional notions of how allusions work. In this respect, P.G. Stanwood and I, drawing upon A. J. Smith's distinction between "metaphorical" and "metaphysical" wit, have argued that "metaphysical wit may in part be induced through structural mediation."[1] Whereas metaphorical wit is essentially verbal in nature, relying on linguistic and rhetorical ingenuity, its courtly art can trivialize or ignore the inner life which, in Smith's words, emerges from "the intricate interrelation of divine being with human nature, timeless events with history."[2] Set against the flux of language is the pattern of form which is often preeminent in metaphysical verse. In Herbert's "The Altar" and "Easter-wings," of course, the patterns are obvious representations of their respective objects of perception and mimic their physical presence. More interesting for our purposes, though, is the evocation of conceptual order at the other end of The Temple in such poems as "Love (III)," set after physical time and space have ceased. Here, three tri-partite stanzas, each featuring three lines of iambic trimeter, unite the Eucharist, the server, and the communicant. The ubiquitous threeness of forms in "Love (III)" attempts to represent a metaphysical reality in a way that mere words cannot. The explanation for the distinction between symbolic forms and words appears to reflect the incarnational nature of the forms. Words, according to some notions, may be merely self-referential or, at best, attempt to refer outwards, as it were, to an external world. Symbolic forms, by contrast, refer inwards, incarnating a posited external world in the mystery of pattern. Hence, the distinction between metaphysical and metaphorical wit seems to require an account of incarnational poetics and the implied ontological presuppositions associated with the most challenging examples of metaphysical verse.
As a special case, Henry Vaughan's achievement provides further support for the view that incarnational strategies are associated with a sense of presence. Silex Scintillans (1650) exists, of course, because of Herbert's Temple, and Vaughan's poems are replete with verbal echoes of Herbert's. When the evocation of Herbert's presence is most acute, however, symbolic form becomes more important than mere verbal allusion. In "The Match," for example, Vaughan begins by addressing his predecessor directly in stanzas that recall Herbert's interest in the mirror-patterns of bilateral symmetry: a5b2b4/a5c2c4//d5e2e4/d5f2f4 (in the notation, letters refer to rhymes and numbers to the total of iambic feet in each line: thus, the first three lines rhyme abb and consist of a pentameter, a dimeter, and a tetrameter). In Vaughan's poem, the Herbertian stanzas bring the two poets together and anticipate the second and longer part of the poem, now addressed to the Lord and punning wittily on the poet's two lives in further examples of the bilateral symmetry of his stanzas. Metaphysically, Vaughan is ultimately concerned with the alignment of two worlds, one temporal and the other eternal, which the alternating odd and even numbers of his lines reflect and resolve through the threeness which, as has been indicated schematically, builds up the twoness of his stanzas. At its best, the language of the poem reaches out to its metaphysical form, which, in turn, moves among the symbolic forms of Herbert's verse in what, for some readers, must seem more an act of co-creation rather than a mere imitation of, or tribute to, a predecessor, so strong is the sense of presence.
Unfortunately, there is no standard work on the nature of literary allusions which could account for the type of copresence attempted by Vaughan, despite a recent upsurge of interest in allusive functions.[3] To the contrary, the current temper of the times encourages discussions of "intertextuality" which homogenize distinctions involving influence and referentiality, perhaps to the denigration of the urgent human impulses that lead writers to interact with one another in the first place. In that sense, the presuppositions and vocabulary of much recent literary theory have diminished the author, the reader, and the world reflected in the work in favor of critical and metacritical self-scrutiny. Let us consider the advantages of standing back from any theory which does not address the issue of presence and of looking anew at the nature of literary influences. In particular, let us consider what happens when an allusion is more than a mere allusion: when it attempts to recreate a tradition or, most strikingly, a sense of individual presence emanating from some familiar ghost of the past. Such a complex and ambitious interaction, as we have seen with Vaughan and Herbert, may be termed a deep allusion that evokes a copresence. Our remaining examples will consider how some Romantic poems by Coleridge and Wordsworth rely on works by their Renaissance predecessor Milton; but the argument will engage general implications about presence which entail metaphysical and theological complications that may highlight aspects of how poetic language and form relate to ontological principles.
The issue of presence, both immediately and finally, may well constitute, for many people, the defining problem of life. It is an issue of such scope that it requires some attention before we turn to our examples from Renaissance and Romantic poetry. Fundamentally, presences emerge from the civilized and conscious appearance or construction we make of the largely incomprehensible reality in which we live. They are the goal of each "raid on the inarticulate," as "East Coker" (179) phrases it, and pose apparently insoluble difficulties for our linguistic and symbolic descriptions of them.[4] It is possible to argue, after all, that our empirical experience is meaningful only as an activity of language and that language refers only to itself and not to any presences outside itself which would merely conjure up a referential illusion or fallacy. At the other extreme is the sense that the world is haunted by presences, whether or not we have any linguistic or symbolic means to express them. To the mystic, such presences could have a divine origin; to the mentally unstable, they would be most unwelcome invasions of the psyche.
So far as many poets are concerned, the problem of presences hinges on the relationship of human languages to the "languages" in the otherwise inarticulate universe. In The Fall of Hyperion, Keats' Moneta makes a telling observation to the soul-making narrator:
. . . thou might'st better listen to the wind,
Whose language is to thee a barren noise,
Though it blows legend-laden through the trees --
In melancholy realms big tears are shed,
More sorrow like to this, and suchlike woe,
Too huge for mortal tongue, or pen of scribe.[5]
The Fall of Hyperion, Canto 2: 4-9
Even though the language of the legend-laden world is but a barren noise to human ears, Keats nevertheless has faith that such a world can be accommodated, in part, to human comprehension. In a related act of faith, Wordsworth had earlier recalled contemplative rustics who did not have the benefit of linguistic training and sophistication:
Theirs is the language of the heavens, the power,
The thought, the image, and the silent joy:
Words are but under-agents in their Souls;
When they are grasping with their greatest strength,
They do not breathe among them; this I speak
In gratitude to God, who feeds our hearts
For his own service; knoweth, loveth us,
When we are unregarded by the world.[6]
The Prelude, XIII: 270-77
The "language of the heavens" lies, of course, beyond any human words; and it is a measure of Wordsworth's philosophical sensibility that such a "language" presupposes a divine source. But what if Keats and Wordsworth are wrong: what if there are no languages other than those which human beings have devised?
In an apparent answer to such a question, Wordsworth invoked the nature of mathematical reality as a realm that ontologically lies beyond the symbols used to describe it. He "recognized," in the world of geometry,
A type, for finite natures, of the one
Supreme Existence, the surpassing life
Which, to the boundaries of space and time,
Of melancholy space and doleful time,
Superior, and incapable of change,
Nor touched by welterings of passion -- is,
And hath the name of God.
The Prelude, VI: 133-39
As an analogy, the nature of mathematical reality raises questions similar to those posed by the use of form and language to evoke the presence of another being, human or divine; and a brief consideration of mathematical presences should indicate the ubiquity of the problem.
To Wordsworth, Plato's eternal realm houses geometric forms, which have, for the English poet, a mysterious relationship to the temporal forms of nature. Wordsworth is haunted by presences from both worlds. Mathematicians, from Plato onwards, have remained divided about the Platonic basis of mathematics and are often much farther away than Wordsworth from sensing any presences in their discipline. H. E. Huntley, for example, contrasts Morris Kline's anti-Platonist views with those of G. H. Hardy: "It would appear as though mathematics is the creation of human fallible minds rather than a fixed, externally existing body of knowledge. The subject seems very much dependent on the creator" (Kline 154); "I believe that mathematical reality lies outside us, that our function is to discover or observe it, and that theorems which we prove, and which we describe grandiloquently as our 'creations,' are simply notes of our observations. This view has been held, in one form or another, from Plato onwards . . . " (Hardy 38).[7] More recent anti-Platonist stances from Reuben Hersh (What is Mathematics Really?) and Gregory Chaitlin (The Limits of Mathematics) clash with the mathematical Platonism of Roger Penrose: ". . . its existence rests on the profound, timeless, and universal nature of these concepts, and on the fact that their laws are independent of those who discover them" (413).[8] Penrose is Wordsworthian in his sense of mathematical presences: ". . . the reality of mathematical concepts is a much more natural idea for mathematicians than it is for those who have not had the fortune to spend time exploring the wonders and mysteriousness of that world" (413). Finally, in thinking of relationships among physical, mental, and Platonic worlds, Penrose asserts: "To me the world of perfect forms is primary (as was Plato's own belief) -- its existence being almost a logical necessity -- and both the other two worlds are its shadows" (417). Is mathematical reality discovered or invented? A persuasive answer would simultaneously solve most of the major issues in metaphysics and religion, rule on the referentiality of language, and, on a much smaller scale, even determine the fate of cultural post-modernism! In short, the problem of presence would be solved.
It is the sort of problem that engaged the far-ranging mind of Coleridge, and his approaches to it suggest creative complexities at their finest. Whereas the relationship of Vaughan to Herbert is, on the face of it, notable for showing some simplicity and clarity, the relationship of Coleridge to his predecessors and to the poetic tradition presents a complex range of possibilities. Perhaps nowhere is the complexity of Coleridge's attitudes revealed more poignantly than in Dejection: An Ode. The basic circumstances of the ode's composition are well known: apparently after having heard the first four stanzas of Wordsworth's Immortality Ode in 1802, Coleridge, responding to his friend's expression of a loss of "vision" and "glory," poured out his own sense of a loss of imaginative power in a long and often self-pitying verse epistle to Wordsworth's sister-in-law. That epistle, "A Letter to Sara Hutchinson," was dated April 4, 1802. On October 4, 1802, the date of Wordsworth's wedding anniversary, which, coincidentally, was also the anniversary of Coleridge's unhappy marriage to Sara Fricker, Coleridge's verse letter was revised and published as "Dejection: An Ode, Written April 4, 1802." The anguished love for Sara Hutchinson was now hidden under references to Wordsworth as "Edmund," but the date of publication must have called attention to the contrast between Wordsworth's growing poetic strength and domestic happiness in relation to Coleridge's sense of failure and misery. The final version, addressed simply to a "Lady," completed the miracle of poetic transformation: a great irregular Pindaric ode arising from the poet's claim of poetic impotence and from the often embarrassing verse letter at its origin.
The relationship of Dejection: An Ode to Wordsworth's great Ode has been a source of perennial speculation and confusion, but Coleridge's attitudes towards his contemporary are similar to those he entertained towards Milton, whose poem On the Morning of Christ's Nativity has a striking role to play in Coleridge's work and perhaps helps to clarify Coleridge's assessment of poetic power in general. References to Milton's poem occur climactically at the end of each main section of Coleridge's ode and lead to a recovery of strength that marks the beginning of each new section. The ode falls into three parts: stanzas I-III, IV-VI, and VII-VIII. At lines 46, 47, and 46, respectively, the stanzas divide the poem into almost perfect thirds. Let us proceed by considering how Miltonic patterns affect the first third of the poem. The opening two stanzas document the gap between the perceiving subject and the objects of perception which are here located in images of evening twilight. Artistically, the stanzas display an unpredictable succession of rhymes but no rhyming pattern. In stanza III, the ode rises to a generalized statement of the problem; and the stanza attains the rhetorical heightening of a formal close by embodying a set pattern of complex order:
My genial spirits fail;
And what can these avail
To lift the smothering weight from off my breast?
It were a vain endeavour,
Though I should gaze for ever
On that green light that lingers in the west:
I may not hope from outward forms to win
The passion and the life, whose fountains are within.[9]
Schematically, the stanza divides into three sections: a3a3b5 / c3c3b5 / d5d6. The first sections show in miniature the design of the stanza overall: the same line-lengths and sequences that had hitherto been unique to "The Hymn" of On the Morning of Christ's Nativity and its repeated ode form based on an AA'B ("a," "a prime," "b") pattern:
Ring out ye Crystal spheres,
Once bless our human ears,
(If ye have power to touch our senses so)
And let your silver chime
Move in melodious time;
And let the Bass of Heav'n's deep Organ blow,
And with your ninefold harmony
Make up full consort to th' Angelic symphony.[10]
With the exception of the seventh line, which, in Coleridge's poem is a pentameter rather than a tetrameter, Coleridge has duplicated Milton's distinctive stanza, a remarkable pattern that takes the regular Pindaric AA'B sequence of strophe -- antistrophe -- epode from the larger arena of interstanzaic arrangement to the smaller scale of design within the stanza itself.
Is Coleridge's adoption of Milton's stanza merely a generic way of indicating that the requirements of an ode are being met? Or is the stanza an imaginative copresence, a deep allusion, that, like a muse, inspires the later poet's confidence in the power of his calling? Superficially, Coleridge's language appears to be at odds with the poetic form he has called up from Milton, whose hymn celebrates two interrelated manifestations of imaginative power: the Incarnation as divine love and energy and the poet's creativity of having come of age at twenty-one with a great work of his own. The two birthdays at the heart of Milton's poem proclaim spiritual strength; by stark contrast, Coleridge's poem laments its loss. Yet, by incorporating Milton's work into his own as a presence of strength, could not Coleridge be drawing upon it as a mainstay against his misery? It is true that the next section of the ode, stanzas IV-VI, immediately recovers by identifying that strength as "A light, a glory, a fair luminous cloud" (54) and even more closely as "This light, this glory, this fair luminous mist" (62) which is "this strong music in the soul" (60). As such, the Miltonic presence in Coleridge's poem is an affirmation of poetry's prophetic identity, the copartner of "wedding Nature" and source of a "new Earth and new Heaven" (68, 69). Thanks to Bloom, Bate, and others, an entire generation of literary scholars has become acutely sensitive to "the anxiety of influence," the "burden of the past," and other indications of creative distress in literary relationships.[11] Blake's problems with Milton are a striking case in point. Is it not also possible, however, for a poet in uttermost anxiety to reach out to a predecessor in a desperate act of faith?
To Coleridge, Milton was a preeminent symbol of imaginative power. The famous definitions of the primary and secondary imaginations conclude Chapter XIII of Biographia Literaria, but Milton's lines on discursive and intuitive reason from Book V of Paradise Lost provide that chapter's main epigraph. Admittedly, discussions of the "poetical character" featured Milton throughout the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; Collins, Gray, Hazlitt, Wordsworth, and Keats were among those who saw him as the type of prophetic and meditative power. Of course, the Romantic poets were the first who, individually and collectively, looked to their English predecessors first rather than to Continental or Classical models for their immediate and ultimate standards, even though the sense of English poetry as its own great tradition had been growing since the time of Spenser. Even in such a literary climate, Coleridge's evocation of Milton is distinctive. In stanza VI of Dejection: An Ode, afflictions have compromised the "shaping spirit of Imagination" (86), and the counterbalancing example of Milton becomes evident again:
For not to think of what I needs must feel,
But to be still and patient, all I can;
And haply by abstruse research to steal
From my own nature all the natural man --
This was my sole resource, my only plan:
Till that which suits a part infects the whole,
And now is almost grown the habit of my soul. (87-93)
The irregular rhyming in stanzas IV-VI attains a set and formal close in the preceding lines, a rhyme royal stanza which concludes with an Alexandrine, a Spenserian touch which Milton uses at the end of all four introductory stanzas of his Nativity Ode. Most appropriately, the next use of this Miltonically modified rhyme royal stanza is in Wordsworth's Resolution and Independence, which treats afflictions related to those raised by Coleridge in his ode. The effect of the Miltonic pattern of rhyme royal in Coleridge's poem once again results in an improvement: stanza VII, which opens the final section of the ode, is full of energy arising from the "outward forms" deplored at the poem's outset. Even more telling is the fact that its final lines (118-25) are another instance of the Nativity Ode's hymn stanza. In this case, the cries of the child to her mother have a structural parallel in Coleridge's relationship to Milton. The hymn stanza's AA'B pattern of two trimeters followed by a pentameter is heard even in the final lines of stanza VIII (132-34), as the poet wishes the joy and power of the imagination for his lady. In sum, the only set rhyming patterns in the whole of Dejection: An Ode are the hymn stanza and the modified rhyme royal of Milton's Nativity Ode; and each time the Miltonic form is incarnated in Coleridge's poem, the power of the imagination revives.
That a sense of presence was crucial to Coleridge is clear in many other works; sometimes, as in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner or Christabel, presences could be negative, even malevolent. As a poet, however, Coleridge treats presence as the beneficial heart of a literary relationship. In "To William Wordsworth," Coleridge honors the presence of his friend by writing in Wordsworthian blank verse paragraphs and by recounting the main features of The Prelude and its restorative effect on him until, at the end, he evokes the most significant presence of all: "And when I rose, I found myself in prayer" (112).[12] Again, when considering Coleridge's evocations of Wordsworth or Milton, we need to look at the poetic forms and patterns that embody a particular poetical character and spirit and give a sense of personality in a way that a merely verbal allusion could never do.
Less personal as a form of presence but nevertheless of importance in going beyond verbal allusions is the attempt to recreate a mode or tradition. In Coleridge's "Ne Plus Ultra," it is as if a typical 17th-century metaphysical lyric has come to life again in the Romantic period. The poem explores the paradox of negation, not as nothingness or absence of being, but as a palpable presence: "Sole Positive of Night" and "The one permitted opposite of God" (1, 4).[13] Although the poem's line-lengths vary from iambic dimeter to pentameter, they are generally arranged in a ring structure, as examples of bilateral symmetry encircling the poem's midpoint, which is the central line of the following extract:
The Intercepter --
The Substance that still casts the shadow Death! --
The Dragon foul and fell --
The unrevealable,
And hidden one, whose breath
Gives wind and fuel to the fires of Hell!
Ah! sole despair . . . . (8-14)
At the center of the poem's twenty-one lines is "the unrevealable," a trimeter which is surrounded by trimeter, pentameter, and dimeter lines that radiate away from it in opposite directions. Perhaps Coleridge is calling attention to the problematical nature of a geometric point, which, at the center of a circle, is both nothing as well as the basis on which everything is erected. The traditional symbolism of a circle as a never-ending line and form of perfection is here inverted, much as "darkness visible" in Milton's Hell is an inversion or parody of the light invisible of his Heaven. The form of Coleridge's lyric is emblematic of his theme: the antithesis of God is not nothing but something, a negative presence. Evil, having no authentic expression of its own, parasitically adopts forms of the good (in this case, the circle) which nevertheless call attention to its dependent nature in relation to the pre-existing good. So, in Coleridge's poem, "The unrevealable" is "Reveal'd to none of all th' Angelic State / Save to the Lampads Seven, / That watch the throne of Heaven!" (19-21), whose final two trimeters recall both the evil at the midpoint of the poem and the theme announced in its opening two trimeter lines but with the metrical form now associated with its heavenly source. Coleridge's sensitivity to metrical and stanzaic symbolism may, for some readers, recall the tradition of the metaphysical lyric; but it is a tradition, rather than a personal presence, as in Dejection: An Ode, that is being recalled. The very impersonality with which "Ne Plus Ultra" treats the paradox of a negative presence is nevertheless impressive and categorical in its demonstration of how metrical and formal symbolism may compensate for the limitations of language.
Coleridge's complex attitudes towards Wordsworth and towards their Renaissance predecessors have a parallel in Wordsworth's, as well, especially with respect to the figure of Milton, who benevolently haunted Wordsworth throughout his career. The Miltonic haunting took its definitive and characteristic form in May, 1802, when, after listening to Dorothy read Milton's sonnets, William "took fire" from their character, began composing his first indisputably great sonnets, and ultimately became the most productive sonneteer of all the major English poets.[14] What happened to Wordsworth on that occasion was probably something akin to a conversion-experience based, in this case, on the intuiting of the presence of Milton's sensibility in the very form of his sonnets. Among the first fruits of Wordsworth's taking fire was "London, 1802": "Milton! thou shouldst be living at this hour"; and Milton's poetical character inspirits, in general, his successor's deep affinity for the form. So profound was Wordsworth's Miltonic theory and practice of the sonnet that he was the first to appreciate, as he put it to Crabb Robinson, "a perfect sonnet without rhyme" in Paradise Lost.[15] Like their rhymed counterparts, the unrhymed sonnets tend to reconcile characters in accordance with the theme of love, "By name to come call'd Charity, the soul / Of all the rest" (PL. XII, 584-85), and to harmonize earth and heaven in accordance with prophetic language.[16] Milton's use of the blank verse sonnet at crucial points in the epic is an outstanding expression of his symbolic art, and it is as a copresence that Wordsworth places one prominently at the beginning of the final verse paragraph of The Prelude:
Oh! yet a few short years of useful life,
And all will be complete, thy race be run,
Thy monument of glory will be raised;
Then, though, too weak to tread the ways of truth,
This Age fall back to old idolatry,
Though Man return to servitude as fast
As the tide ebbs, to ignominy and shame
By Nations sink together, we shall still
Find solace -- knowing what we have learnt to know,
Rich in true happiness if allowed to be
Faithful alike in forwarding a day
Of firmer trust, joint laborers in the Work
(Should Providence such grace to us vouchsafe)
Of their deliverance, surely yet to come.
The Prelude, XIV: 432-45
Addressed to Coleridge, these lines exemplify Wordsworth's understanding of the nature and role of Milton's blank verse sonnets. The octave and sestet are run together in the Miltonic manner, the break being signaled by the dash in the ninth line. Furthermore, the octave concerns earthly matters whereas the sestet turns to things in an eternal context, again, as in the precedents from Milton. Wordsworth's lines echo phrases and themes from the final speeches of Adam, Michael, and Eve at the epic's conclusion. Michael's (574-87) and Eve's (610-23) are unrhymed sonnets on knowledge in relation to wisdom and on prophetic fulfillment. What Adam and Eve know enables them to go into the world of their future, just as Coleridge and Wordsworth undertake their prophetic task in the fallen world with Providence as their guide. The verbal and thematic parallels are striking, but the prophetic interchange between The Prelude and Paradise Lost achieves formal incarnation in the shared symbolic functions of the blank verse sonnets, as if the hand of Milton were deftly guiding Wordsworth's in the assertion and attainment of prophecy at the end of The Prelude.
However important blank verse sonnets may have been to Wordsworth, it is not clear that they could be part of a reader's literary experience until they have been identified and their significance discussed. Their function as an allusion -- in this case, by The Prelude to Paradise Lost -- is otherwise outside most readers' understanding and expectation of metrical verse. That is one reason why, for our purposes, it may be more helpful to approach the problem, not so much as an allusion, but as the embodiment of a presence of an earlier work in a later one. Nowhere is this problem more mysterious and perplexing, however, than in circumstances such as the following: the echoing of key sounds and forms from Vergil's Eclogue IV in Milton's Lycidas and Wordsworth's Immortality Ode. The facts of the matter have been set out elsewhere and hence are reviewed only briefly in relation to their service in the present context.[17] "Paulo maiora canamus," from the opening line of the Fourth or Messianic Eclogue, was the working epigraph of Wordsworth's ode throughout its composition. Thematically, the allusion is apt: the golden child of Vergil's poem has its counterpart in the Wordsworthian child as "best Philosopher." The redemption of the natural world, its bounty in the new golden age described by Vergil, is related to Wordsworth's eventual use of natural imagery to embody symbolic and supernatural conditions, as in the seascape at the end of stanza IX or the flower that blows ("The Child is father of the Man") at the end of stanza XI. In Lycidas, too, nature that caused the shipwreck becomes, "through the dear might of him that walked the waves," an image of a pastoral heaven presided over by the Good Shepherd. That very figure as the infant Christ, of course, is what made Vergil's prophecy of a golden child so vital to the Christian era. The figure of Christ, the golden and Wordsworthian children, and the transformation of nature from a realm of mutability and melancholy into a vehicle for the tenor of spiritual perfection are all "intertextual" aspects of these three great poems and, as such, illustrate strikingly how literary allusions move from verbal to thematic parallels.
What part of one's literary experience, though, is touched by the auditory and formal parallels among the three works? Consider how a mere sound, the syllable or, appears to resonate with symbolic purpose both within and between all three. With respect to Eclogue IV, H. G. Edinger has made a persuasive argument for just such an evocative use of sound:
It is immediately apparent that this syllable is involved in words that are properly called key words in the poem. Maiora announces the higher concern of the poem that segregates it from the surrounding Eclogues; it also sets the tone of the poem. Saeclorum . . . ordo is a phrase that represents a pair of homodyned or's [that is, doubly accented, both metrically and rhetorically] in a verse quite central to the poem's theme, the return of the golden age . . . In summary, the sound or in the Fourth Eclogue has been avoided by the poet to such an extent that its few occurrences stand out prominently to color a small number of majestic and important verses, and to underline by emphatic, echoing sound a key train of thought in the poem, maior, saeclorum, ordo, fatorum, concors, honor, Orpheus.[18]
With respect to Lycidas, the rhymes on the syllable or sum up key phases of the poem's argument and its depiction of the fates of poet and priest: "Yet once more, O ye Laurels, and once more" (1), "Down the swift Hebrus to the Lesbian shore" (63), "Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more" (131), "Weep no more, woeful Shepherds, weep no more" (165), and "Henceforth thou art the Genius of the shore" (183).[19] In the Immortality Ode, the contrast between the mutable and eternal worlds is perfectly expressed in the Alexandrines which conclude stanzas I and IX: "The things which I have seen I now can see no more" (9) versus "And hear the mighty waters rolling evermore" (168; PW IV: 279, 284). In all three poems, the sound of the syllable or encircles or symbolically encloses a thematic progression to an ultimate resolution. The repeated sound is thus spread over so many lines that it cannot so much be identified by an auditory memory of something heard by the physical ear as by the mind's contemplation of a formal concept. By this paradoxical means, a sound, which, like music, is a phenomenon experienced in time, serves an architectural purpose, which originates in space. In this respect, the abstract forms of each poem rely, at their highest degree of symbolism, on the geometry of the divine proportion or golden section; detailed discussions of such formal sophistications have appeared at length and are not needed here except to emphasize that the placement and use of the syllable or is synchronized with the placement and use of such abstract forms.[20]
The aim of much traditional scholarship is to attain a definitive treatment of a subject, but such an attainment is unlikely on the question of formal interrelationships among the Fourth Eclogue, Lycidas, and the Immortality Ode. Is the significant appearance of the syllable or a mere coincidence, for example, or is it deliberate? If one concedes that it may be deliberate, in what sense does it constitute an allusion by Wordsworth to Milton and Vergil in the way that the repetition of a key image or phrase constitutes an allusion? There is no way to answer the question conclusively, but one might suspect that, in the Immortality Ode, the formal use of the syllable or is not so much an allusion to, but an incarnation of, Lycidas and the Fourth Eclogue in Wordsworth's great Ode. That is to say, when Wordsworth uses "paulo maiora canamus" as his working epigraph, the verbal allusion reaches out to Vergil's poem; but when the syllable or becomes a small yet formal mainspring of Wordsworth's poem, the very nature of Vergil's Eclogue and, of course, of Milton's elegy, as well, is embodied as a presence in the very texture of Wordsworth's ode. The syllable or, being linked to words of prophetic and redemptive signification, becomes a way in which Wordsworth can bring into his ode, even on the smallest scale, the conceptual and visionary ontology of his precursors. Again, whereas language looks outwards to find significance, symbolic pattern, working inwards, incarnates the significance that has already been posited from without. The Immortality Ode, in this sense, does not merely allude to but embodies Vergilian and Miltonic presences. As such, the ode's generic and archetypal expression, which has bewildered so many Wordsworthians who are accustomed to detailed and specific descriptions of nature, is "timeless" in its ability to integrate the themes and artistry of three great and widely separated works into one. In this way, the great Ode allows us to glimpse into the heart of the creative process as it has inspirited three of the most complex and gifted of poets.
Our final example, the sonnet "Mutability," furnishes a parallel to Coleridge's "Ne Plus Ultra" in its evocation of a tradition rather than an individual sensibility. Despite being a sonnet, "Mutability" no more displays the presence of Milton than that of Spenser, Sidney, or any other Renaissance figure who has dealt with the theme of mutability or with the sonnet-form itself. Instead, Wordsworth individualizes a tradition by creating an unusual emblematic lyric that might appear to us as a Romantic metaphysical poem. The rising and falling of the musical scale is associated with the dynamics of mutability. The fixed, symbolic form of the poem, as defined by its rhymes, circumscribes that negative dynamism. Any structural distinction, for example, between octave and sestet, is secondary to the rhymes that encircle the sonnet and call attention to the middle of the symbolic circle thus created, which resides in the seventh and eighth lines: "Truth fails not; but her outward forms that bear / The longest date do melt like frosty rime" (PW III: 401). Here, in brief, is the Platonic heart of the poem and the middle of the sonnet's encircling rhymes that show how even mutability conforms to order. Generically similar in its emblematic form to the ring structure of Coleridge's "Ne Plus Ultra," the midpoint of "Mutability" relies on the idea of a positive rather than a negative presence, one that emanates from a higher plane than that represented by mutability or any other agent whose being is dependent on a pre-existing good. The main allusion in Wordsworth's poem is a self-quotation; the wonderful line "The unimaginable touch of Time" is recalled verbatim from the juvenile work "Fragment of a 'Gothic' Tale" (PW I: 288). To Wordsworth, the self-quotation may have additionally represented a touch of permanence running through more than three decades of change between his earlier and later life in the kind of assertion of continuing presence that is so familiar from his works in blank verse.
We began by observing that there is no standard work on the nature of literary allusion, and our examples may indicate why it is such a vexed and complex issue. In some instances, there is a case to be made for replacing the idea of an allusion with the idea of a copresence, especially if, instead of a verbal reference to an earlier work, the formal properties of the earlier work are incorporated into the form of the later one. The resulting effect is a sense of incarnational presence, whether of an individual or a tradition. In Real Presences, George Steiner has called upon the nature of music as a way of challenging the philosophical nihilism and solipsism of much modern literary theory, especially in its deconstructionist aspects: "It is in and through music that we are most immediately in the presence of the logically, of the verbally inexpressible but wholly palpable energy in being that communicates to our senses and to our reflection what little we can grasp of the naked wonder of life."[21] What Steiner has intuited about the relationship of music to the rich possibilities of being is another and specific instance of our larger attention to the nature of mathematical pattern in relation to mathematical reality and to the nature of symbolic metrical form in its embodiment of poetic realities and presences beyond those named by words. In our examples from Dejection: An Ode and the Immortality Ode, we have seen how the evocation of presence indicates even their subtlest differences as Coleridge dramatically draws upon the Nativity Ode for a renewal of imaginative energy and as Wordsworth integrates the Fourth Eclogue and Lycidas into his ode and its vision of the prophetic and ontological contexts of our very being. All these measures have a metaphysical and spiritual character, of course, and, as such, are an inherent part of the human psyche. It is no surprise, then, that, even in the 20th century, poetic copresences are essential to verse of major proportions. In the second part of "Little Gidding," for example, Eliot's "familiar compound ghost" (95) is incarnated in an adaptation of Dante's terza rima.[22] Throughout his career, Eliot had alluded to Dante; here, however, Dante is directly incorporated into Eliot's poem as one whose art is immediately relevant to the figure of "some dead master" (92), the presence who embodies the timeless and metaphysical dimension of reality. Although proficient in many forms of free or non-metrical verse, Eliot resorts to metrical pattern when language must transcend its limitations and the poem must attempt a non-verbal incarnation of presence. In "Little Gidding," as in our Romantic examples, Steiner's conclusion is justified: "I have, before, cited some of those who know best: the poets, the artists. I have found no deconstructionist among them. I have found none who can, in conscience, accept the constraints on permissible discourse prescribed by logical atomism, logical positivism, scientific proof-values or, in a far more pervasive sense, by liberal scepticism" (Steiner 227). Let us qualify Steiner's views by observing that even a scientist must have faith that the universe existed long before we emerged to describe it, that it will continue to exist if we, as a species, pass away, and that its existence is, in short, not contingent on our equations and observations which nevertheless capture, in some fashion, its nature, its presence. In a more complex way that involves metaphysical referentiality, that is what, as we have seen, poetic copresences evoke from the "legend-laden" world.
A final assessment of the nature of interactions in a copresence is probably too complex ever to be definitive. Although unavoidably speculative, any conclusion, such as the one we may now consider, needs to distinguish between a contemporary's use of a predecessor and their participation in a conceptual and symbolic field that transcends them both. If the terms in which the predecessor is recreated by the contemporary are simply assertions of the latter's control and power, the encounter is a mere act of psychic cannibalism -- nothing more. It seems clear, however, that the copresence of Herbert in Vaughan's poetry is not that of an individual but the form of a soul contemplated, as it were, under the eye of eternity. What is being appropriated is not something Vaughan as an individual can possess. Although an element of psychic cannibalism may at first seem to be present in Coleridge's evocations of Milton, the emphasis is not on Milton but on the figure of the prophetic poet and the symbolic forms of that poetry which, when recreated, may inspire a similar transcendence of individual circumstance in the later poet. Historically, Coleridge's treatment of Milton (and even Wordsworth) as a poetic symbol of the prophetic figure is the most advanced instance of identifying the ideal "poetical character" that appears repeatedly in the verse and critical prose of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Accordingly, in his great Ode, Wordsworth goes beyond his immediate circumstances to occupy a symbolic literary space with Milton and Vergil who appear not so much as individual poets but as the highest representatives of poetry's timeless task of gauging things temporal in relation to things eternal. In a similar way, Eliot's Dante merges into the "familiar compound ghost" that lies beyond individual desire or control.
The idea that the initiator of a copresence is creating something beyond the initiator's final control may seem perplexing but is clarified by the analogy of mathematical concepts. From Plato to Penrose, there is a sense that, in some respects, we discover and participate in a pre-existent mathematical reality that is therefore not entirely of our own making. Its status as an independent world parallels the symbolic field that ultimately supports the metaphysical nature of a literary copresence. It is a parallel that was so well understood by Wordsworth, whose Wanderer, in wrestling with his deity, asserts that moral law and mathematical truth ("Whose kingdom is, where time and space are not" [PW V: 76]) are transcendent hallmarks of the divine nature itself:
For adoration thou endur'st; endure
For consciousness the motions of thy will;
For apprehension those transcendent truths
Of the pure intellect, that stand as laws
(Submission constituting strength and power)
Even to thy Being's infinite majesty!
The Excursion, IV: 94-99
Contemplation of the divine nature as a copresence evokes laws that lie at the antipodes from mutable, temporal conditions. For the most part, those conditions account for our verbal languages, which, by definition, cannot forge names for the unnameable. The symbolic languages of mathematics and, by analogy, of incarnational forms in literary copresences have been employed as ways of extending a sense of the ontological richness of reality. They constitute an archetypal language and a set of symbolic forms that seem to lie at the heart of, or are at least consistent with, the intense literary relationships that transform conventional allusions into symbolic copresences and take both poet and reader beyond the limitations of language and self.
1. See Stanwood and Johnson (The Structure of Wit 23).
2. See Smith (135).
3. Two notable instances of the revival of interest in literary allusions are Pasco, Allusion: The Literary Graft in the series Text/Culture, and Pucci, The Full-Knowing Reader: Allusion and the Power of the Reader in the Western Literary Tradition.
4. See Eliot ("Easter Coker" 31).
5. See Keats ("The Fall of Hyperion" 521).
6. See Wordsworth ("The Fourteen-Book Prelude. 252-53). Subsequent citations of The Prelude are from this edition and are indicated in the text by book and line numbers.
7. As quoted in Huntley [The Divine Proportion: A Study in Mathematical Beauty, 154 (Kline) and 38 (Hardy)].
8. See Penrose (Shadows of the Mind 413). Subsequent citations from Penrose are indicated in the text by page numbers.
9. See Coleridge ("Dejection: An Ode" 1.365). Subsequent citations of the ode are from this edition and are indicated in the text by line numbers
10. See Miltons ("On the Morning of Christ's Nativity 46).
11. See Blooms The Anxiety of Influence, and Bates The Burden of the Past and the English Poet.
12. See Coleridge ("To William Wordsworth" 1.408).
13. See Coleridge ("Ne Plus Ultra" 1.431). Subsequent citations of this poem are from this edition and are indicated in the text by line numbers.
14. See Wordsworth ("Notes" 3.417). All subsequent citations of Wordsworth's poems are from this edition and are indicated in the text by the abbreviation PW, volume number, and line numbers.
15. See Robinson (484).
16. See Milton (Paradise Lost 467). For a consideration of Milton's use of unrhymed sonnets in the verse paragraphs of his major poems, see Johnson ("Milton's Blank Verse Sonnets" 5.129-53).
17. See Johnson ("Virgil, Wordsworth, and the Power of Sound 93-109).
18. See Edinger (31).
19. See Milton ("Lycidas" 120, 122, 124, 125). A discussion of the continuous rhyming of the poem is in Wittreich, Jr. ("Milton's `Destin'd Urn': The Art of Lycidas" 60-70). An evaluation of the rhymes is in Oras ("Milton's Early Rhyme Schemes and the Structure of Lycidas" 20).
20. See Johnson (Wordsworth's Metaphysical Verse 202-211), and, for "Lycidas," the same author's "Milton's Mathematical Symbol of Theodicy" (25-26)
21. See Steiner (216-17).
22. See Eliot ("Little Gidding" 53).
Works Cited
- Bate, Walter Jackson. The Burden of the Past and the English Poet. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap P, 1970.
- Bloom, Harold. The Anxiety of Influence. New York: Oxford UP, 1973.
- Chaitlin, Gregory. The Limits of Mathematics. New York: Springer, 1997.
- Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Dejection: An Ode. Coleridges Poems. Vol. 1. Ed. Ernest Hartley Coleridge. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1962.
- -----. Ne Plus Ultra. Coleridges Poems. Vol. 1. Ed. Ernest Hartley Coleridge. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1962.
- -----. To William Wordsworth. Coleridges Poems. Vol. 1. Ed. Ernest Hartley Coleridge. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1962.
- Edinger, H. G. Paulo Maiora Canamus. Vergilius 14 (1968).
- Eliot, T.S. Easter Coker. Four Quartets. London: Faber and Faber, 1959.
- -----. Little Gidding. Four Quartets. London: Faber and Faber, 1959.
- Hersh, Reuben. What is Mathematics Really? New York: Oxford UP, 1997.
- Huntley, H. E. The Divine Proportion: A Study in Mathematical Beauty. New York: Dover Publications, 1970.
- Johnson, Lee M. Miltons Blank Verse Sonnets. Milton Studies 5 (1973): 129-53.
- -----. Miltons Mathematical Symbol of Theodicy. Symmetry: Unifying Human Understanding. Ed. Istvan Hargittai. New York: Pergamon P, 1986.
- -----. Virgil, Wordsworth, and the Power of Sound. Mosaic 8 (1979): 93-109.
- -----. Wordsworths Metaphysical Verse: Geometry, Nature, and Form. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1982.
- Keats, John. The Fall of the Hyperion. The Poetical Works of John Keats. Ed. H.W. Garrod. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1958. 507-523.
- Milton, John. Lycidas. John Milton: Complete Poems and Major Prose. Ed. Merritt Y. Hughes. New York: Odyssey P, 1957.
- -----. On the Morning of Christs Nativity. John Milton: Complete Poems and Major Prose. Ed. Merritt Y. Hughes. New York: Odyssey P, 1957.
- -----. Paradise Lost. John Milton: Complete Poems and Major Prose. Ed. Merritt Y. Hughes. New York: Odyssey P, 1957.
- Oras, Ants. Miltons Early Rhyme Schemes and the Structure of Lycidas. Modern Philology 52 (1952): 20.
- Pasco, Allan H. Allusion: The Literary Graft. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1994.
- Penrose, Roger. Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994.
- Pucci, Joseph. The Full-Knowing Reader: Allusion and the Power of the Reader in the Western Literary Tradition. New Haven: Yale UP, 1998.
- Robinson, H. C. Henry Crabb Robinson on Writers and Their Work. Ed. Edith J. Morely. London: J. M. Dent, 1938.
- Smith, A.J. Metaphysical Wit. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991.
- Stanwood, P.G. and Lee M. Johnson. The Structure of Wit: Is All Good Structure in a Winding Stair? The Wit of Seventeenth-Century Poetry.
Eds. Claude J. Summers and Ted-Larry Pebworth. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1995. 22-41.
- Steiner, George. Real Presesnces. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1989.
- Vaughan, Henry. Silex Scintillans. London: 1650.
- Wittreich, J. A. (Jr.) Miltons Destind Urn: The Art of Lycidas. PMLA 84 (1969): 60-70.
Wordsworth, William. The Fourteen-Book Prelude. Ed. W. J. B. Owen. Cornell: Cornell UP, 1985.
- -----. Notes. The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Ed. E. de Selincourt and Helen Darbishire. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1954.
© 2001-, R.G. Siemens and Lisa Hopkins (Editor, EMLS).
(RGS, LJ, WSH, 11 May, 2001 )


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