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BP Comment Quick Links
January 28, 2014
BP Experts Prospect Mock Draft
Rounds 3-4
In the first episode of the BP Mock Expert Draft, we went over the backstory and parameters of this draft, so there's no need to rehash that here. Plus I know you're all just going to skip past the intro anyway to see who else got picked and when. Sometimes you just have to give the people what they want.
So, without any further ado, here are the next two rounds (three and four) of the Baseball Prospectus Expert Mock Prospect Draft with analysis from the participants themselves:
Round Three
3.29) Mookie Betts, 2B, Boston Red Sox (Eno Sarris, FanGraphs)
3.30) Kyle Zimmer, RHP, Kansas City Royals (Chris Crawford, MLB Draft Insider)
3.31) Joc Pederson, OF, Los Angeles Dodgers (Ray Guilfoyle, Fake Teams)
3.32) Garin Cecchini, 3B, Boston Red Sox (John Sickels, Minor League Ball)
3.33) Jose Abreu, 1B, Chicago White Sox (Bret Sayre, Baseball Prospectus)
3.34) Travis d'Arnaud, C, New York Mets (J.D. Sussman, Bullpen Banter)
While many shy away from catchers due to their lighter workloads, we see the position as an opportunity because the league average catcher is so poor."
3.35) Jonathan Singleton, 1B, Houston Astros (Mike Newman, RotoScouting)
In spite of his poor 2013, Singleton enters his age-22 season with a clear path to Houston. Should he surface in 2014, it will be at an age when most star level players are promoted. Plus, the first base position is prospect thin—exemplified by Singleton being the cream of the crop for as long as I can remember. In last year's mock draft, while other owners were giddy off of craft beer and inhaling too much prospect helium, I selected multiple free fallers including Francisco Lindor (3rd), Julio Teheran (5th), and Nick Franklin (8th). Starting with Singleton, I'll be happy if history repeats itself."
3.36) Kolten Wong, 2B, St Louis Cardinals (Ben Carsley, Baseball Prospectus)
I'm going to need to draft some pitchers eventually, and I do think several pitchers remaining are better prospects than Wong, but given the way the board is falling I think the arms will be there next time. Getting another starting MI this late is just too good to pass up."
3.37) Corey Seager, SS/3B, Los Angeles Dodgers (Nick Shlain, Rotowire)
3.38) Chris Owings, SS, Arizona Diamondbacks (Mike Rosenbaum, Bleacher Report)
3.39) Austin Meadows, OF, Pittsburgh Pirates (Craig Glaser, Bloomberg Sports)
3.40) Eddie Butler, RHP, Colorado Rockies (Jim Callis, MLB.com)
3.41) Jorge Alfaro, C, Texas Rangers (Nick Faleris, Baseball Prospectus)
3.42) Raul Mondesi Jr., SS, Kansas City Royals (Craig Goldstein, Baseball Prospectus)
Round Four
4.43) Carlos Martinez, RHP, St Louis Cardinals (Craig Goldstein, Baseball Prospectus)
4.44) Marcus Stroman, RHP, Toronto Blue Jays (Nick Faleris, Baseball Prospectus)
4.45) Delino DeShields Jr., OF, Housto Astros (Jim Callis, MLB.com)
4.46) Jorge Soler, OF, Chicago Cubs (Craig Glaser, Bloomberg Sports)
4.47) Alex Meyer, RHP, Minnesota Twins (Mike Rosenbaum, Bleacher Report)
4.48) Aaron Sanchez, RHP, Toronto Blue Jays (Nick Shlain, Rotowire)
4.49) David Dahl, OF, Colorado Rockies (Ben Carsley, Baseball Prospectus)
Now that I have two safe players in Lindor and Wong, I feel comfortable enough reaching for a player many of us loved at this time last year in Dahl. There's certainly plenty of risk here, but I don't think the character concerns are legit and potential five-category contributors who call Coors home don't grow on trees. I'll need to be patient here, and another bad season could make this look silly, but Dahl went 39th overall in this draft last year and I don't think he deserves to fall any further now. I'll need to wait on the high-upside arms once again, but such is life."
4.50) Matt Davidson, 3B, Chicago White Sox (Mike Newman, RotoScouting)
4.51) Max Fried, LHP, San Diego Padres (J.D. Sussman, Bullpen Banter)
4.52) Dan Vogelbach, 1B, Chicago Cubs (Bret Sayre, Baseball Prospectus)
4.53) Erik Johnson, RHP, Chicago White Sox (John Sickels, Minor League Ball)
4.54) Julio Urias, LHP, Los Angeles Dodgers (Ray Guilfoyle, Fake Teams)
4.55) Gary Sanchez, C, New York Yankees (Chris Crawford, MLB Draft Insider)
4.56) Henry Owens, LHP, Boston Red Sox (Eno Sarris, FanGraphs)
Bret Sayre is an author of Baseball Prospectus. Follow @BretSayreBP
18 comments have been left for this article.
BP Comment Quick Links
Any chance of linking to a spreadsheet? I find this fascinating. Thank you.
Jan 28, 2014 04:11 AM
Myles Handley
Perhaps it's just because I'm a Cubs fan, but it seems crazy that Arismendy Alcantara hasn't been drafted. He'll have 2014 impact, he should provide some value at every stat (.275 avg, 10-15 HR, 15-20 SB), and he might even steal SS eligibility (but it's a longshot). Even at 2B, he's an immediate factor at that position.
Jan 28, 2014 08:38 AM
I think you're overstating Alcantara's 2014 impact a bit. The Cubs have no reason to play him in the majors much before July, and he'd likely be batting near the bottom of a bad lineup. I like Alcantara a lot and he's an easy Top 50 name for me, but I don't think he'll have much fantasy impact until 2015.
Jan 28, 2014 08:51 AM
still, better than mookie
Jan 28, 2014 09:47 AM
Myles Handley
Thanks for the reply. I am perhaps bullish on Alcantara's early release, especially when I have to see Barney at the plate every day. I think there's a chance he could even lead off for the 2014 Cubs as constructed, though I admit that's being very hopeful.
Jan 28, 2014 12:31 PM
I assume when Craig selected "Raul Mondesi Jr." he means Raul Adalberto Mondesi. Raul Ramon Mondesi Jr. is Raul Adalberto's older brother in (I believe) the Rays system, although he didn't play last year.
Jan 28, 2014 08:43 AM
wow, how in god's name do you take mookie, joc Pederson and cecchini where they were taken? unless this league counts obp instead of hr's, I'd take seager, Peterson, moran, Davidson, and maybe even olt and gallo ahead of cecchini.
Jan 28, 2014 09:46 AM
Bret Sayre
BP staff
Don't sleep on Pederson. Think he's a guy who could surprise some people when it comes to fantasy value. I think this was a good spot for him and was on my short list at that point (though behind Abreu).
Jan 28, 2014 09:53 AM
the granderson comp on him is interesting given both of their struggles with lefties. mostly I just don't know what to think about Pederson and worried he could end up a platoon guy. the numbers are nice, but can they be trusted given the lackluster scouting reports? if he's George springer, ray looks like a genius, but if he's brett Jackson...
Jan 28, 2014 11:11 AM
That underrated Cecchini pretty badly. He's likely to be MLB ready by mid-2014 and he's a safe bet to be an above average hitter. I can see the argument for Seager, but you'd be hard-pressed to find many who prefer Davidson, Moran, Peterson, Olt or Gallo to Cecchini.
Jan 28, 2014 09:55 AM
wow, really? I mean you have to like the contact ability and maybe the power will play up a little because of that. I guess I could see a ceiling of mike young (with less grit). I just don't find the prospect of 10-15 homers at a CI spot all that appealing. gallo poses extreme risk, but with great risk comes great reward... maybe...
Jan 28, 2014 10:57 AM
I guess I'll put it this way: I'd give Cecchini a 50% change of being a solid five-category contributor, with solid AVG, R and RBI totals and double-digit homers and steals. I'd give Gallo a 5% chance of being a Fantasy beast with low averages and massive HR, RBI and R totals. I'll take the security, but as you'll see later I like Gallo as well.
Jan 28, 2014 11:05 AM
Call me crazy but I think Abreu is wayyy too low on here. I know there are questions about his hit tool but nobody questions the power and he's one of what, 5-7 guys in this entire draft that will start the year in the majors? If we're drafting for 2014 only, he's #1 on the entire list and Bogaerts is probably the only other realistic consideration. Given that all things equal, immediate value > future value, it seems really odd he would drop all the way to #33.
Jan 29, 2014 21:20 PM
Bret Sayre
BP staff
I agree. Abreu was just behind Ventura on my list when I picked in the second round and was surprised to see him still on the board when it came back around to me in the third. And yes, he'd be #1 on my list if we were just talking 2014 value only.
Jan 29, 2014 21:22 PM
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text:
Tar Heels outlast Gamecocks in Game 1 of Super Regional
Game 2 set for Sunday at 1 p.m.
Skye Bolt's two-out RBI single scored Parks Jordan with the winning run in the bottom of the ninth inning, as North Carolina outlasted South Carolina, 6-5, in game one of the best-of-3 Super Regional Saturday afternoon at Boshamer Stadium.
Jordan, the No. 9 hitter in the Tar Heel lineup, led off the ninth with a single to center off Gamecock closer Tyler Webb and advanced to second on a sacrifice bunt. Webb got the second out on a fly ball then, after walking first-round draft pick Colin Moran intentionally, surrendered Bolt's grounder through the hole between first and second into right field. Sean Sullivan's throw to the plate was late, sending the Gamecocks into an elimination game on Sunday.
The Gamecocks outhit the Tar Heels on the day, 15-11, but stranded a dozen runners and committed three errors, leading to a pair of unearned runs. North Carolina improved to 56-9 on the season, while South Carolina dropped to 42-19.
The Gamecocks broke out in front with a pair of runs in the top of the first inning off Tar Heel lefthander Kent Emanuel. Graham Saiko led off with a single to center and Chase Vergason followed with a single to right. One out later, LB Dantzler coaxed a walk to load the bases. Grayson Greiner put the Gamecocks on top with a two-run single to left, scoring Saiko and Vergason.
North Carolina came right back with a pair of runs in the bottom of the inning. Landon Lassiter stroked a one-out single to center and scored on Moran's double into the left field corner to cut the Gamecocks' lead in half. One out later, Cody Stubbs lined a ball to Saiko, but the Carolina left fielder was unable to handle it for a two-base error, tying the game at 2.
Carolina jumped back in front in the second. Kyle Martin, the Most Outstanding Player of the Columbia Regional, led off the inning with a single to right. He advanced to second on Tanner English's sacrifice bunt and scored on Saiko's single to center, putting the Gamecocks back on top, 3-2.
South Carolina chased Emanuel, a third-round pick in the MLB Draft, in the third inning. Joey Pankake led off the frame with a booming home run over the left field wall to put the Gamecocks on top 4-2. Pankake's homer came on a 1-2 pitch and was his 11th round tripper of the season. Dantzler followed with a single to right and Greiner reached on an error. Emanuel left the contest after Max Schrock's flyout to center advanced both runners. Reliever Chris Munnelly avoided any further damage by getting a pair of groundouts to end the inning. Emanuel surrendered four runs, all earned, on seven hits over 2.1 innings of work, his shortest start of the season.
North Carolina got that run right back in the bottom of the third with the help of another Gamecock miscue. Moran stroked a one-out single to right. With two outs, Stubbs grounded one just inside the first base bag, past a diving Martin for a double. Connor Bright fielded the ball cleanly, but his throw back into the infield went awry for an error, allowing Moran to score the Tar Heels' third run of the game.
The Gamecocks threatened again in the fourth but came up empty for the first time in the game. After Munnelly retired the first two batters, Vergason and Pankake stroked back-to-back singles. Little-used left-hander Tate Parrish relieved Munnelly to face the left-handed-hitting Dantzler. On a 3-1 pitch, Dantzler's deep fly to right was caught at the warning track, stranding the two runners.
The Gamecocks had another chance in the sixth. Martin led off with a single and advanced to second on English's sacrifice bunt. Saiko walked, but Vergason and Pankake flied out to end the threat.
North Carolina took the lead for the first time in its half of the sixth. Bolt led off with a single to center. Stubbs followed with a double to right, his second two-base hit of the game, ending the day for Gamecock starter Nolan Belcher. Adam Westmoreland relieved Belcher and got a groundout before Brian Holberton laced a single to center, plating both Bolt and Stubbs, giving UNC a 5-4 advantage.
The Gamecocks used a double play ball for the third straight inning to end any further damage. Belcher was tagged for five runs, three earned, on eight hits over 5.0-plus innings of work.
South Carolina threatened again in the seventh. Dantzler led off with a double to right. Tar Heel head coach Mike Fox went to the bullpen for the fourth time in the game, bringing in closer Trent Thornton. Dantzler remained at second on Greiner's groundout, then advanced to third on Max Schrock's fly to right, but was stranded when Bright grounded out.
The Gamecocks rallied to tie the game at 5 in the eighth. Martin led off with a single to center, his third hit of the game. English was unable to get down his third sacrifice of the contest and struck out, but Saiko singled to center for his third hit, advancing Martin to second. Vergason lined a ball just out of the reach of centerfielder Chaz Frank for a double, scoring Martin with the game-tying run. After Pankake fanned for the second out, Dantzler was walked intentionally to load the bases, but Greiner flied out to center to end the inning.
Westmoreland worked 2.2 innings of relief, allowing one hit and two walks with two strikeouts. Webb (3-3) was tagged with the loss after allowing one run on two hits in an inning of relief. Thornton (10-1) worked the final three innings, allowing three hits and a run with one walk and three strikeouts for the win.
Game 2 of the best-of-3 series will be played Sunday afternoon at 1 p.m. ET. Sophomore left-hander Jordan Montgomery (5-1, 1.67 ERA) will make the start for the Gamecocks. He will be opposed by North Carolina southpaw Hobbs Johnson (4-0, 2.09). The game will be televised on ESPN. If game 3 is necessary, it will be played Monday. Game time and television network are to be determined.

subset: commoncrawl


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September 10, 2013
Nissan Unveils New Rogue to be Built in Tennessee
FARMINGTON HILLS, Mich. – Nissan today debuted the all-new 2014 Nissan Rogue. For the first time, assembly of this vehicle moves to the U.S. at Nissan's Smyrna, Tenn. plant. More than 900 jobs were added to support the production.
This is the company's fifth totally redesigned model to come out in the last 18 months. The 2014 Rogue follows the all-new Altima, Pathfinder, Sentra and Versa Note. Nissan Division sales, spurred by gains in these top-selling, core-models rose 24.3 percent in August to 108,614 units. This was an August record.
"It was time to refresh our model line. When we went through the 2008 financial crisis, we delayed several products. Our product portfolio was five to six years old, and it was time to bring out the new ones," said Carla Bailo, senior vice president, research and development for Nissan.
The Rogue is Nissan's second best-selling vehicle in the U.S. lineup. This new model has bold new styling, a premium interior meant for multi-tasking, and an array of available technologies.
NissanConnect with Navigation is one available option. NissanConnect Apps can now come on this model for the first time. Class-exclusive Around View Monitor with Moving Object Detection, Blind Spot Warning, Lane Departure Warning and Forward Collision Warning are also available, so drivers can see 360 degrees around the car and even get warned when something is in the way.


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Editorial: Hospital errors endanger patients
For all the new emphasis on patient safety, the risks associated with hospital or outpatient care have remained relatively constant in recent years.
For example, 98 patients in Connecticut hospitals died or suffered serious injury from falls in 2005. There were 96 in 2011.
Falls remained the leading cause of injury or death in 2011, according to the recently released adverse event report from the state Department of Public Health. For example, despite the precautions taken by Yale-New Haven Hospital, it reported eight patients died or were seriously injured in falls.
Perforations during laparoscopic or endoscopic procedures resulted in death or disability for 49 patients. Twenty died or suffered serious injury due to surgery. Two patients had "foreign objects" left in them and 39 patients had serious pressure ulcers, or bed sores.
Even with safety protocols in place, surgeons operated on the wrong part of a patient's body 13 times in 2011, including two times at the Hospital of Saint Raphael. State doctors performed the wrong surgical procedure on four patients.
Among local hospitals, St. Raphael's reported 17.1 serious and preventable adverse events per 100,000 patient-days in 2011; Milford Hospital, 16.9; Yale-New Haven, 7.3; and Griffin Hospital, 6.1. Charlotte Hungerford Hospital in Torrington had the highest incidence of adverse events, 49.2 per 100,000 patient-days, William W. Backus Hospital in Norwich had the lowest, 4.
The Department of Public Health rightly warns about drawing broad conclusions about a hospital based on the data in its report.
Patient mix, number of patients and the effectiveness of a hospital's reporting system all have to be taken into consideration.
Still, a surgeon operating on a wrong body part is an inexcusable error. Milford Hospital, with its much higher adverse event rate, may have something to learn from the safety procedures at Griffin or Backus hospitals.
Identifying and publicly reporting adverse events are first steps in saving patients' lives and protecting them from injury. But, even allowing for human error, the state's hospitals must do more to ensure patient safety than they have so far achieved.
Editorial courtesy of The New Haven Register, www.nhregister.com.


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text:
Parent Directory | Revision Log
Readding 4300_libata-enable-atapi.patch, no idea why I removed that.
Readding 4901_speakup-highlight-tracking-amd64.patch; Thanks dsd :)
These patches are already in the upstream git tree, so they're not necessary anymore
Creating 2.6.16-pre branch from 2.6.15
Enable libata ATAPI (i.e. SATA CDROM) support by default
mqueue security fix
sky2 v0.13
Linux 18.104.22.168
sky2 v0.12
Several patches from 18.104.22.168 queue
Support the upcoming Intel ICH8 chipset
Fix ptrace/strace on sparc64
Fix crash-on-resume with ata_piix driver by implementing suspend support
Fix framebuffer on Sun Blade 100/150 workstations
drop unapplicable sparch patches for now
sky2 v0.11
Experimental fix for speakup highlight tracking on amd64
speakup 20060103
2.6.15-pre --> 2.6.15
sky2 -- driver for marvell yukon-2 ethernet cards
New speakup version
fbsplash and vesafb rediff
PPC64 multilib patch will need to be redone
Remove merged patches
Creating 2.6.15-pre branch from 2.6.14
Linux 188.8.131.52
Linux 126.96.36.199
Fix a bug which caused BIND to fail after some time
Fix compile on alpha
Speakup 20051028
2.6.14-pre --> 2.6.14
vesafb-tng 1.0-rc1-r1
Fix compilation on uclinux systems
Updated Kconfig patches for 2.6.14-rc4-git4.
Promise pata rediff
Remove merged patches
Creating 2.6.14-pre branch from 2.6.13
Fix clock skew on AMD64 X2 cpu's
Linux 22.214.171.124
Drop scsi quiet patch for now
Stop scsi_execute being so verbose
Fix bad BUG_ON in de_thread and add forgotten yenta patch
Yenta oops fix
Hopeful fix for the AMD64 SMP userspace crash issues
Speakup vs gameport fix
Linux 220.127.116.11
Stop kallsyms requiring an extra pass for some configs
Linux 220.127.116.11
Fix bootup of mac hardware
skge tree update
2.6.13-pre --> 2.6.13
Updated speakup snapshot.
Removing 1370_sparc-modpost_stt_reg.patch as it is in upstream now.
Stop skge flooding the logs with bogus messages
Merge forcedeth linkinit fix (r142) into 2.6.13
Support for nvidia mcp5x SATA in 2.6.13
sparc Kconfig updates to rc4-git2.
New speakup from gregkh's tree
Support promise TX4200 hardware
Squashfs 2.2
I marked ffb broken, so don't even bother with this patch any more.
Further cleanup of the sparc Kconfig.
Updated sparc Kconfig goodies
speakup needs work as usual
Drop sparc kconfig rework, does not apply cleanly
Remove patches which are already applied
Creating 2.6.13-pre branch from 2.6.12
Add irqpoll boot option for buggy BIOS workaround
Correct modpost to work with newer glibc on sparc
Revert bridge fix; Fix buggy conntrack behaviour
Fix odd NTP timing behaviour on PPC
netfilter conntrack bridge device fix
Gameport probe order fix
...with an unmount fix many thanks to Anton Altaparmakov
inotify returns...
Add PPC64 makefile fix for multilib
Add 18.104.22.168 ACPI IRQ fixup
Temporarily removing inotify due to bug 97219
Linux 184.108.40.206
inotify 0.23-15
Megaraid driver update, and a patch to allow both megaraid drivers to be built side-by-side
Add it8212 storage driver
skge tree update
skge: Fix startup bug for yukon-lite cards
Support MCP51 and MCP55 hardware in nv_sata driver
Support MCP55 hardware in amd74xx IDE driver
New hardware support for forcedeth and a bugfix
Support Elecom (Laneed) LD-USBL/TX in pegasus driver
Support Planex FNW-3602-TX in tulip driver
Support USR 997902 in r8169 driver
Support >2TB capacity in libata
e1000 spinlock fix
Fix remap_pte_range BUG
Add pci-driver typo fix
Linux 184.108.40.206
Speakup returns
Remove AHCI ATAPI patch. We aren't going to be able to support SATA-ATAPI for 2005.0.
Remove unneeded nfsacl patch
Add ice1712 SN25P support
Remove PDC2027x patch as it is already available as an IDE driver
Add support for pdc20619
Add support for BCM5785
Add ATAPI support on AHCI
add sata bridge lockup fix
Add qla2xxx initialization fix
2.6.12-pre --> 2.6.12
Remove speakup, its broken, upstream is working on it
inotify 0.23-9
Readme update
Create 2.6.12 branch
Add 2.6.11 patches
This form allows you to request diffs between any two revisions of this file. For each of the two "sides" of the diff, enter a numeric revision.
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Detroit's three casinos are reporting a decline in revenue as Ohio's gambling market draws business and gamblers spend less.
The Michigan Gaming Control Board reported figures on Tuesday showing that the combined revenue of MotorCity Casino, MGM Grand Casino and Greektown Casino has fallen 4.7 percent from a year ago through the first 10 months of 2013 to $1.13 billion.
Jake Miklojcik, president of Lansing-based Michigan Consultants, tells The Detroit News that gambling in Ohio has left the area market "fractured a little bit."
The newspaper reports Detroit's casinos could post the biggest year-over-year decline since they were fully operational in 2001. The other times they've had a collective year-over-year decline were in 2012, when revenues fell 0.5 percent, and in 2009, when revenues declined 1.5 percent.
Contact us at [email protected].
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Message Board
Kobo Abe Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Abe has written!
Author Abe's Book Reviews
The Ark Sakura
The Ark Sakura (translated from Japanese into English by Juliet Winters Carpenter) is about an intelligent social outcast (nicknamed Pig or Mole, depending on who you ask), who, fearing imminent nuclear war, makes his home in an abandoned quarry. He spends years of his life stockpiling resources necassary for human survival. He not only secures enough supplies to keep himself going for years after the bombs drop, but enough to support an entire small...
The Woman in the Dunes
A big-city schoolteacher on a trip to the dunes of Japan's Southwest to collect insects is taken in by a village and given room at a young widow's place, which is located in a huge pit in the local desert. The next day, he discovers the truth behind the villagers' kindness: he's been taken captive to help the woman in the shoveling and collection of sand to sell to industries as well as prevent landslides. Angry at this, he attempts several ways to escap...


text:
Not too many league players have taken much notice of the latest medical research into the long-term neurological effect of repeated concussions. That much is obvious from their dumbfounding reaction to the NRL's decision to outlaw shoulder charges.
A specially formed committee's view that the practice poses an "unacceptable injury risk" and support for a ban from all 16 teams' doctors cut little ice with many of the Australian league's hardmen.
Sonny Bill Williams' gung-ho response was typical. "This is league, not tiddlywinks," he complained.
Williams and others sharing this belief need to study cases such as that of Mike Webster, an American footballer whose brain matter indicated a link between head injuries and degenerative brain injuries. Or, closer to home, the long-term impact of repeated concussions on the likes of former All Black halfback Steve Devine.
AdvertisementAdvertise with NZME.
League and rugby are games in which players are inherently exposed to head injury - and this threat must be mitigated as far as possible.
Contrary to the claims of the players, the Australian competition will not become less of a spectacle because of the absence of shoulder charges. The game prospered before their introduction and will hardly notice their passing. It has survived perfectly well in New Zealand since the practice was banished in the mid-1990s. Shoulder charges are a very small part of the game, but pose an inordinate risk to the safety of players. They have no place in league.


text:
Distinguishing features
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted between humans, principally via exposure to contaminated blood. There is no known invertebrate vector. Hepaciviruses differ from members of the genera Flavivirus and Pestivirus by their limited ability to be propagated in cell culture, since only a few adapted strains, including JFH1, efficiently infects the only susceptible cultured cell line, human hepatoma cell line (Huh7). In the HCV precursor protein, the NS2-3 junction is auto-catalytically cleaved by Zn-dependent NS2-3 protease activity.
Virions are about 50 nm in diameter, as determined by filtration and electron microscopy. They are spherical in shape with a lipid envelope, as determined by electron microscopy and inactivation by chloroform. The viral core is spherical and about 30 nm in diameter. Detailed structural properties have not been determined.
Physicochemical and physical properties
Virion Mr has not been determined. Buoyant density in sucrose is predominantly about 1.06 g cm−3 for virus recovered from serum during acute infections while more dense forms (ca. 1.15–1.18 g cm−3) predominate when recovered from the serum of chronically infected individuals (Thomssen et al., 1993). Lower density banding results from physical association of the virion with serum very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)(Agnello et al., 1999). Higher density virions are those bound to serum antibodies. A buoyant density range in isosmotic iodixanol gradients of 1.01–1.10 g cm−3 has been measured for HCV recovered from hepatoma cells infected with HCV. The S20,w is equal to or greater than 150S. The virus is stable in buffer at pH 8.0–8.7. Virions are sensitive to heat, organic solvents and detergents (Feinstone et al., 1983).
Nucleic acid
Virions contain a single positive-sense, infectious ssRNA (Figure 1.Hepacivirus). The genome is about 9.6 kb. The 5′-NCR a type IV IRES (Honda et al., 1999) of approximately 340 nt in length. . The 3′-NCR contains a sequence-variable region of about 50 nt, a polypyrimidine-rich region (average of 100 nt), and a highly conserved 98 nt 3′-terminal region with three stem-loop RNA secondary structures (Kolykhalov et al., 1996). There are at least two seed sites in the HCV 5′-NCR for the liver abundant microRNA miR-122; this virus-host interaction is required for efficient HCV replication (Jopling et al., 2005).
The HCV virion comprises at least three proteins: the nucleocapsid core protein C (p19-21), and two envelope glycoproteins, E1 (gp31) and E2 (gp70). An additional protein, p7 (believed to have properties of an ion channel protein important in viral assembly) is incompletely cleaved from a precursor of E2 to yield E2-p7 and p7 (Shanmugam and Yi 2013) but it is not known whether these are virion structural components. In GB virus B, a corresponding protein, p13, is cleaved to p7 and p6 proteins (Takikawa et al., 2006). The two envelope glycoproteins can associate as non-covalent heterodimers; recent data, however, indicate that they are covalently linked in virions (Vieyres et al., 2010). Nonstructural proteins include NS2, a 21 kDa protein that, before cleavage, is part of a Zn-dependent cysteine protease that bridges NS2 and NS3 and mediates autocatalytic cleavage of the NS2/NS3 junction, and is involved with virus assembly and release, NS3, a 70 kDa protein with additional serine protease, helicase and NTPase activities; the NS3 protease cleaves the remaining junctions between nonstructural proteins, NS4A , a 6 kDa cofactor essential for trans NS3 serine protease activity, NS4B, a 27 kDa protein that induces a membranous replication complex at the endoplasmic reticulum, NS5A, a serine phosphoprotein of unknown specific function, but critical for viral replication and assembly, that exists in 56 and 58 kDa forms, depending on the degree of phosphorylation, and NS5B, a 68 kDa protein with RdRp activity.
Virions have a lipid bi-layer envelope. Historically, based on the removal of the viral envelope and loss of infectivity following exposure to solvents or detergents (Feinstone et al., 1983), the presence of lipids was inferred. Recently, it has become apparent that the host lipid metabolism plays a critical role in the virus life cycle.
The E1 and E2 glycoproteins contain numerous N-linked glycosylation sites, and carbohydrate is associated with the products of these two HCV genes. E1 and E2 are transmembrane, type I glycoproteins, with C terminal retention signals that anchor them within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. These signals are apparently masked when budding occurs allowing the virion to move through the secretory pathway. Recent data obtained in culture systems indicate that N-linked glycans of E1 remain in the high-mannose chains lacking complex carbohydrate, whereas those of E2 are modified (Op De Beeck et al., 2004). Glycosylation influences E1–E2 heterodimer formation, folding and assembly and the release of virions (Meunier et al., 1999).
Genome organization and replication
The genome contains a single large ORF encoding a polyprotein of about 3000 aa (Figure 1.Hepacivirus). The gene order is 5′-C-E1-E2-p7-NS2-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B-3′. Immediately downstream of the three structural proteins (C, E1, E2) is a small protein, p7 in HCV, p13 in GB virus B, followed by the nonstructural proteins in the 3′ portion of the ORF. Replication occurs in association with intracytoplasmic membranes. Replicative forms of viral RNA have been detected in liver tissue. The genomic RNA is translated into a polyprotein that is rapidly processed both co- and post-translationally by host and viral proteases. Translation initiation occurs via an IRES within the 5′-NCR. Translocation of the structural glycoproteins to the endoplasmic reticulum probably occurs via internal signal sequences. Cleavage of the structural proteins is mediated by host cell signal peptidases, and signal peptide peptidase. With the exception of the p7/NS2 signalase cleavage, viral proteases cleave all non-structural protein junctions. Virus assembly is believed to occur by budding into vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Figure 1.Hepacivirus. Hepacivirus genome organization (not to scale) and polyprotein processing. For the species Hepatitis C virus, the RNA is about 9.6 kb. The 5′-NCR is about 340 nt, the 3′-NCR is about 250 nt, and the ORF is about 9 kb. HCV has a p7 protein between E2 and NS2. The host and viral proteases involved in cleavage of the polyprotein are indicated. The cleavage by host signal peptide peptidase (at the C-terminus of the core protein) is indicated by a green arrow; the cleavages by host signal peptidase (remaining sites) are indicated by filled arrows. The locations of the NS2-3 protease, NS3 protease, NS3 RNA helicase and NS5B RdRp are indicated by P′, P″, H and R, respectively.
Virus-specific antibodies to recombinant-expressed structural proteins (C, E1 and E2) and nonstructural proteins (principally NS3, NS4 and NS5) have been detected in individuals infected with HCV. Both linear and conformational epitopes are believed to be involved in the humoral immune response of the host to infection. Significant antigenic diversity throughout the genome is reflected in heterogeneity in the humoral immune response. In HCV, high variability is found in the N-terminal 27 aa of E2 (hypervariable region 1; HVR1). The HVR1 contains an HCV neutralization epitope and escape variants of HVR1 are positively selected by the host humoral immune response (Mondelli et al., 2003). Other neutralization epitopes have been identified in E2 outside of HVR1 (Keck et al., 2004, Johansson et al., 2007), and at least one neutralization epitope has been identified in E1 (Keck et al., 2004). Cell-mediated immune responses to all HCV proteins have been detected (Klenerman and Thimme 2012); it is believed that such responses are associated with amelioration or resolution of infection. With the development of intra- and intergenotypic genotype 1-7 JFH1-based recombinant viruses with strain-specific structural proteins, it is now possible to carry out in vitro virus neutralization assays to address the antigenic diversity of HCV (Gottwein et al., 2011).
Host range
Humans are the natural host and apparent reservoir of hepatitis C virus although the virus can be transmitted experimentally to chimpanzees. No other natural host has been identified. The natural host for GB virus B is not known. Other hepaciviruses have been detected in Old World primates (Sibley et al., 2014), cows (Baechlein et al., 2015), horses (non-primate hepacivirus; NPHV)(Burbelo et al., 2012) and a range of rodent and bat species (Firth et al., 2014, Kapoor et al., 2011, Kapoor et al., 2013, Drexler et al., 2013, Quan et al., 2013). The host specificity of these variants for their mammalian hosts is undetermined, although at least one rodent species, the bank vole (Moyodes glareolus) can be infected with two highly divergent hepacivirus variants (RMU10-3382/GER/2010 and NLR07-oct70/NEL/2007)(Drexler et al., 2013), indicative of a degree of cross-species transmission.
Hepatitis C virus is transmitted almost exclusively by parenteral exposure to blood, blood products and objects contaminated with blood. Effective screening of blood donors and implementation of inactivation procedures have virtually eliminated the transmission of HCV via blood and blood products, but other routes of exposure, principally via blood-contaminated syringes, are now the most important recognized risk factors. Sexual and mother-to-child transmission has been documented but is relatively uncommon. Other routes of transmission are suspected for hepaciviruses infecting non-human primates, rats, bats and horses.
Geographical distribution
HCV has a worldwide distribution with about 3% of the world population infected with HCV, equivalent to 170 million chronic infections, with 3-4 million new infections each year. Antibody prevalences are 0.1–2% in developed countries but as high as 20% in some developing countries, possibly reflecting the use of contaminated needles and syringes. Horses infected with non-primate hepacivirus have been reported from four continents with viraemia frequencies ranging from 3-10%, indicative of a wide geographical distribution (Burbelo et al., 2012, Lyons et al., 2012, Figueiredo et al., 2015, Lu et al., 2016, Matsuu et al., 2015, Pfaender et al., 2015).
HCV infections range from subclinical to acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Persistent infection occurs in 60–80% of cases and in about 20% of the cases, the infection progresses over many years to chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis. Patients with liver cirrhosis have an approximately 5% risk per year of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
Persistent HCV infection has been epidemiologically linked to primary liver cancer, cryptogenic cirrhosis and some forms of autoimmune hepatitis. Extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection include mixed cryoglobulinemia with associated membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis and, possibly, porphyria cutanea tarda, Sjögren's-like syndromes and other autoimmune conditions.
Similarly to HCV infections in humans, GB virus B causes hepatitis and replicates in the liver of tamarins and owl monkeys, but infection is self-limited and has not been demonstrated in humans or chimpanzees. Only one strain of GB virus B has been identified to date, in contrast to hundreds or thousands of often quite divergent variants of HCV. The pathogenicity of other hepaciviruses infecting non-human primates, rodents, bats and horses is poorly characterized although the presence of miR-122 sites in several of these predicts hepatotropism. Recent evidence suggests that infection of horses with NPHV may be associated with mild inflammatory liver disease (Pfaender et al., 2015).
Cell tropism
HCV has been reported to replicate in several cell lines derived from hepatocytes and lymphocytes, but virus growth has only been sufficient for practical application of these systems in a human hepatoma cell line, Huh7 cells and derivatives thereof. In vivo, HCV replicates in hepatocytes and possibly lymphocytes. The cellular or tissue tropism of other hepaciviruses is poorly characterized although there is evidence that GB virus B and NPHV are hepatotropic. The presence of binding sites for miR-122 (Jopling et al., 2005) in most described hepaciviruses is suggestive of hepatotropism, given the restriction of expression of this miRNA to liver tissue.
Species demarcation criteria
Not applicable.
Member Species
Species Virus name Isolate Accession number RefSeq number Available sequence Virus Abbrev.
Download GenBank/EMBL query for sequences listed in the table here.
The genus Hepacivirus comprises a single species, Hepatitis C virus. However, members of the species can be classified into seven genetic groups (termed genotypes; see table above), based upon the genome-wide heterogeneity of isolates recovered throughout the world (Smith et al., 2014). These differ from each other by about 30–35% at the nt level (Simmonds et al., 2005). Within each genotype, there are a number of subtypes, differing from each other by about 15–25% at the nt level. Although genotypes are distinct genetically, discrimination of subtypes is less clear, particularly in areas of high diversity such as sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Because systematic serological typing by virus neutralization has not been performed to date, and because major genotypes do not have any other taxonomic characteristics except, in some cases, geographic distribution and differences in treatment response, the seven genetic groups of HCV comprise one species. Complete or near complete genomic sequences have been obtained from each of the seven genotypes of HCV, and replication competence has been demonstrated by intrahepatic chimpanzee inoculation of RNA transcripts from cDNA clones of genotypes 1a [strains H77 (AF011751 and AF009606), SF9 A (AF271632), HC-TN (EF62149)], 1b [Con1 (AJ238799), HCV-N (AF139594)], 2a [HC-J6CH (AF177036) and JFH1 (AB047639)], 3a [S52 (GU814264)] and 4a [ED43 (GU814265)].
Related, Unclassified Viruses
GBV-B and other hepaciviruses infecting non-human hosts are highly divergent in sequence from each other and from HCV and will likely justify further species assignment within this genus. GB virus B comprises one isolate, and its replication competence has been demonstrated by intrahepatic inoculation of RNA transcripts from a cDNA clone into tamarins (AF179612). Recently, the replication competence of NPHV has been demonstrated by intrahepatic inoculation of RNA transcripts from a cDNA clone into horses (Scheel et al., 2015). Phylogenetic analysis of other hepaciviruses demonstrates the diversity of viruses assigned to this genus and the existence of further candidate species corresponding to the numbered lineages shown in Figure 1.Flaviviridae. The ICTV Executive committee has recently approved proposals for the creation of additional species in the genus as described in (Smith et al., 2016). The chapter will be updated to include these new assignments once the proposals are ratified by the ICTV (estimated March 2017).
Virus Name
Accession number
Isolate abbreviation
NHP hepacivirus
Tamarin GBV-B
Bat hepacivirus
Bat hepacivirus
Bat hepacivirus
Bat hepacivirus
Canine hepacivirus
Equine hepacivirus
Rodent hepacivirus
Rodent hepacivirus
Rodent hepacivirus
Rodent hepacivirus
Rodent hepacivirus
Rodent hepacivirus
Rodent hepacivirus
Rodent hepacivirus
Rodent hepacivirus
NHP hepacivirus
Guereza GHV-2 BWC04
NHP hepacivirus
Guereza GHV-1 BWC08
Bovine hepacivirus
BovHepV 209/Ger/2014
Bovine hepacivirus


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I made the switch, and really happy about it.
Anyway, one issue for me not to switch the full CDK project would be to have a central place where we could host our Git repository. Now, GitHub does just that, and after inquiring with them about the 100MB limit, Tom emailed me:
- Hi Egon,
We'd love to have your open source project on GitHub. The 100MB is currently a soft limit, so you won't have any problems uploading a larger repo. We hope you enjoy GitHub!
Tom Preston-Werner
You can easily check it out with:
- $ git clone git://github.com/egonw/cdk.git
Now, it does provide some extra payload on my side, as I need to keep cdk SVN repository (or, better, my git-svn copy of it) synchronized with the git repository, but this turned out to be fairly easy:
- $ cd GitHub/cdk
$ git pull ../../SourceForge/git-svn/cdk my-local-1.2
$ git push


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BD-Combo Drive Firmware BC-5500S-VN 1.78What is this?
A firmware is a small computer program which is embedded in a hardware device.
It typically resides on a microchip. The advantage of such a chip is that it can be updated in order to cope with new technical developments or to solve certain issues.
Is this relevant for you?
This update is recommended, as it improves disc compatibility.
What does it fix?
Improved readability of DVD-R and BD-R media
Bugfixes regaring DVD-RAM writing and CPRM authentication
Improved readability for CD-Rom media
8cm disc adapter detection
How do I perform this update?
1. Exit all running programs.
2. Download this update and save it to your hard drive.
3. When the download is completed, locate the downloaded file in the location you specified.
4. Double-click EP0000600077.exe to run it.
5. Wait while the wizard updates your software.
6. When the installation is complete, shut down the VAIO completely before starting again.
File Info
File Name
- EP0000600077.exe
File architecture
- 32 / 64 bit
File Size
Release Date
- 30-12-2009


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This Week in Libraries #4: Helene Blowers, Michael Stephens and David Lee King. from Jaap van de Geer on Vimeo.
Do you know about This Week in Libraries yet? It's the creation of Jaap van de Geer and Erik Boekesteijn, both in the amazing Innovation department at DOK, Library Concept Center in Delft, Netherlands. Besides working at a beautiful library, they help organize the UGame ULearn conference and tour the world's libraries collecting stories as the Shanachies.
In their spare time, they recently created This Week in Libraries. It's a weekly video show that does exactly what the show's name claims – they talk about what's going on this week in libraries … globally. Interesting concept! Even cooler (to me, anyway) – they create the show in the Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam's (Amsterdam Public Library) podcast studio … how many libraries can say they have one of those?
I was on last week's show, along with Michael Stephens and Helene Blowers. We talked about the conferences we just spoke at, digital innovation, the iPad and ebooks, change, and the recent budget woes of many US libraries. It was a fun conversation – watch and see if you agree.
Anyway – I suggest checking out This Week in Libraries, and subscribing if you find it useful (I have subscribed).


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Equivalent examples:
die "Can't cd to spool: $!\n" unless chdir '/usr/spool/news'; chdir '/usr/spool/news' || die "Can't cd to spool: $!\n"
If the value of EXPR does not end in a newline, the current script line number and input line number (if any) are also printed, and a newline is supplied. Hint: sometimes appending ", stopped" to your message will cause it to make better sense when the string "at foo line 123" is appended. Suppose you are running script "canasta".
die "/etc/games is no good"; die "/etc/games is no good, stopped"; produce, respectively /etc/games is no good at canasta line 123. /etc/games is no good, stopped at canasta line 123.See also exit.
exec '/bin/echo', 'Your arguments are: ', @ARGV; exec "sort $outfile | uniq";
If you don't really want to execute the first argument, but want to lie to the program you are executing about its own name, you can specify the program you actually want to run by assigning that to a variable and putting the name of the variable in front of the LIST without a comma. (This always forces interpretation of the LIST as a multi-valued list, even if there is only a single scalar in the list.) Example:
$shell = '/bin/csh'; exec $shell '-sh'; # pretend it's a login shell
$ans = <STDIN>; exit 0 if $ans =~ /^[Xx]/;See also die. If EXPR is omitted, exits with 0 status.
$cnt = kill 1, $child1, $child2; kill 9, @goners;If the signal is negative, kills process groups instead of processes. (On System V, a negative process number will also kill process groups, but that's not portable.) You may use a signal name in quotes.
require 'syscall.ph'; # may need to run h2ph syscall(&SYS_write, fileno(STDOUT), "hi there\n", 9);
($user,$system,$cuser,$csystem) = times;
require "sys/wait.h"; ... waitpid(-1,&WNOHANG);then you can do a non-blocking wait for any process. Non-blocking wait is only available on machines supporting either the waitpid (2) or wait4 (2) system calls. However, waiting for a particular pid with FLAGS of 0 is implemented everywhere. (Perl emulates the system call by remembering the status values of processes that have exited but have not been harvested by the Perl script yet.)


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So here is a short summary:
1. Read at least the first post of this thread viewtopic.php?f=63&t=7982.
2. The rooting of ES 6300 is a mix out of the two methods for F-Series and E-Series:
- Unpack attached SamyGO_data_E.zip to FAT USB
- Download 128mb.xfs from: https://www.sendspace.com/file/el3xm8
- Copy file 128mb.xfs to folder SamyGO_data on FAT USB
- Unpack SamyGO-F-SM-MST-Fix-USB to FAT USB
- Connect USB to TV
- Launch SamyGO-F-SM-MST-Fix from SmartHub (if it doesn't appear reboot TV). Sometimes it is necessary to connect USB WHILE TV IS OFF!!!
- The widget will automatically finish installation (No need to push any buttons).
- When it finishes it will ask to reboot TV.
- Reboot TV and wait 1-2 minutes.
- Now SamyGO is started and telnet/ftp/etc. should work.


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All businesses that produce liquid trade waste and discharge to the sewer system must apply for a consent or registration to discharge.
A trade waste consent is an agreement between the Christchurch City Council and the industrial and commercial customers authorising them to discharge trade wastewater to the sewer system.
A trade waste consent is required by all businesses which fall into the small business (permitted use) or large business (conditional use) categories under the Trade Waste Bylaw 2015.
A trade waste consent may specify:
Consents are usually issued for between 1 and 5 years depending on the type of consent and involve annual or quarterly trade waste charges. It may be necessary to monitor trade waste discharged into the sewer.
A business that discharges trade waste of less than 1,245m³ per annum, and is within the limits set out in Schedule 1A of the Trade Waste Bylaw 2015, must register. A permitted consent may be required and this will be looked at on a case-by-case basis.
Apply for a trade waste consent or registration to discharge by completing the relevant form below:
Email your completed form to: email@example.com or post to:
Technical Services, Three Waters and Waste
Christchurch City Council
53 Hereford Street
PO Box 73014
Christchurch 8154


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The database design task, which was autonomy, now becomes an exciting task, which requires a lot of creativity. In this short article, let's walk through an example of real life issue to see how database design has changed.
In this example, our business requirement is to build a database to store property information for the country. At first, we need to store any property and its landlords. If a property is being leased, the system need to store tenants information as well. The system should also record activities of properties, including buy, sell and renting.
As a typical database system, the user should be able to query properties out by any information like address, owner name, district, age,... The system need to serve data for both real time query and reporting purpose.
It is pretty obvious that there are few entities in this domain like landlord, tenant, transaction and property. Landlord and tenant can be further analysed as people that acts different roles. For example, one person can rent out his house and rent another house to live, which mean he can be the landlord of one property and the tenant of another. That leaves us with 3 major entities: person, property and transaction. Person and property entities have many to many relations to each other. Transaction entity links to one property and at least one person.
If we group some common attributes like occupation, district, building, it is possible to introduce some other sub-entities that may help to reduce redundancy in information.
The era of relational database
If you are one of a developer that being trapped in the relational database era, the only viable choice for persistence is relational database. Naturally, each entity should be stored in a table. If there are relationship between 2 entities, they are likely to refer to each other by foreign keys.
With this setup, there is zero redundancy and every piece of information has the single source of truth. Obviously, it is the most efficient way in term of storage.
There may be an issue here as it is not easy to implement text searching. Whether 10 years ago or today, text search has never been supported well by relational databases. SQL language provides some wildcard matching in the language itself but it is still very far from a full text search.
Assume that you have completed the task of defining database schema, the fine tuning task is normally the job of database analysts; they will look into every individual query, view, index to increase the performance as much as possible.
However, if the readers have spent years working on relational database, it is quite easy to see the limit of this approach. A typical query may involve joining several tables. While it works well for low amount of records, the solutions seem less feasible when the number of tables increase or the amount of records in each table increase. All kinds of tweaks like data sharding, scaling vertically or adding index only help to increase performance up to a certain level. No magic can help if we are going to deal with hundreds millions of records or joining more than 10 tables.
Extension of relational database
To solve the issue, developers have tried several techniques that may scale better than a traditional relational database. Here are some of them:
Database explosion
This technique reverses the process of normalizing data in relational database. For example, instead of joining property with the building, district or country table, we can simply copy all the column of the relevant records to main table. As a consequence, duplication and redundancy happen. There is no single source of truth for sub-entities like building, district, country. In exchange, the joining part in SQL query is simplified.
Explosion is an expensive process that may take hours or even days to run. It sacrifices space, freshness of data in order to increase real time query performance.
Adding document database
In this technique, relational database is still the source of truth. However, to provide text search, important fields were extracted and stored in a document database. For example, knowing that users will search for people by age, gender and name, we can create document that contains these information plus the record id and store them to Solr or Elastic Search server.
Real time query to the system will first be answered by searching in document database. The answer, which includes bunch of record ids will later be used by relational database to load records. In this approach, document database acts like an external index system that help to provide text search capability.
Storing the whole data to a noSQL database
The final choice is storing data to an object-oriented or document database. However, this approach may add a lot of complexity for data maintenance.
To visualize, we can store the whole property or person to database. The property object contains its owners objects. In reverse, the owner object may includes several property objects. In this case, it is quite a hassle to maintain to set of related objects if the data change.
For example, if a person purchases a property, we need to go to the property object to update owner information and go to that person object to update property information.
Combining relational database and noSQL database
The limits of existing methods
After scanning through the approaches mentioned above, let try to find the limit for each approach.
- Relational database normalizes data before storing to avoid duplication and redundancy. However, by optimizing storage, it causes additional effort on retrieving the data. Taking consideration that database is normally limit by querying time, not storage, it doesn't seem to be a good trade off.
- Explosion reverses the normalizing process but it cannot offer fresh data as explosion normally take a long time to run. Comparing running explosion with storing the whole entity object to an object-oriented database, the latter option may be easier to maintain.
- Adding document database offers text search feature but I feel that it should reverses the options to improve scalability. Document database is faster for retrieval while relational database is better for describing relationship. Hence, it doesn't make sense to send the record ids from document database back to relational database for retrieving records. What may happen if there are millions of records id to be found. Retrieving those records from noSQL database is typically faster than relational database.
- As mentioned above, when these entities are inter-linked, there is no easy way to separate them out to store to an object-oriented database.
Proposing combination of relational and noSQL database to store data
Thinking about these limits, I feel that the best way to store data should be combining both relational and document database. Both of them will act as source of truth, storing what they do best. Here is the explanation of how should we split the data.
We store the data similarly to a traditional relational database but splitting the columns to 2 types:
- Columns that store id or foreign keys to other entity ids ("property_id", "owner_id",..) or unique fields
- Columns that store data ("name", "age",...)
After this, we can remove any data column from relational database schema. It is possible to keep some simple fields like "name", "gender" if they help to give us some clues when looking at records. After that, we can store the full entities in a document database. We should try to avoid making cross-references in stored documents.
Explain the approach by example
Let try to visualize the approach by describing how should we implements some simple tasks
- Storing a new property owned by a user
- Configure JPA to only store name and id for each main entity like person, property. Ignore data fields or sub-entities like building, district, country.
- Store the property object to relational database. As the result of earlier step, only id and name of the property are persisted.
- Update property object with persisted ids.
- Store property object to document database.
- Store owner object to document database.
- Querying property directly
- Sending query to document database, retrieving back record.
- Querying property based on owner information
- Sending query to relational database to find all property that belong to the owner.
- Sending query to document database to find these property by ids.
In the above steps, we want to store records to relational database first because of the auto id generation. With this approach, we have a very thin relational database that only capture relationships among entities rather than the entities them selves.
Summary of the approach
Finally, let summarize the new approach
- Treating main entities as independent records.
- Treating sub-entities as complex properties, to be included as part of main entities.
- Storing id, name and foreign keys of main entities inside relational database. The relational database is serving as a bridge, linking independent objects in noSQL database.
- Storing main entities with updated ids to noSQL database.
- Any CRUD operation will require committing to 2 databases at the same time.
- Off-load the storing data task from relational database but let it do what it can do best, stores relationships.
- Best of both worlds with text search and scalability of noSQL database and relations searching of relational database.
- Maintaining 2 databases.
- No single source of truth. Any corruption happen in one of the two databases will cause data loss.
- Code complexity.
Possible alternative
- Storing data to a graph database that offer text search capability. This is quite promising as well but I have not done any benchmark to prove feasibility.
The solutions is pretty complex but I found it is interesting because the scalability issue is solved at the code level rather than database level. By splitting the data out, we may tackle the root cause of the issue and be able to find some balance between performance and maintenance effort.
The complexity of this implementation is very high but there is no simple implementation for big data.


text:
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text:
Loyola-Chicago tops Mississippi State 59-51
CHICAGO (AP) -- Devon Turk scored a career-high 21 points as Loyola of Chicago beat Mississippi State 59-51 Saturday night.
Christian Thomas added 16 points for the Ramblers (7-3), who have won five of their last six games and equaled their win total from last season. Loyola put the game out of reach with a 17-3 run to close the first half and take a 34-20 lead.
Fred Thomas had 14 points for Mississippi State (3-6), which shot just 37.5 percent from the field.
The game marked the first meeting between the teams since they played a historic game in the 1963 NCAA tournament that helped change race relations on the basketball court. The all-white Bulldogs had to sneak out of Mississippi to avoid an injunction in order to play Loyola, which had four African-American starters, in the NCAA Regional in East Lansing, Mich.
Players from the 1963 teams were honored at halftime.


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Women's Rowing
Lucey returns for his second season under Coach Garbutt after helping the ODU women's rowing program with a number of impressive results in only its third year of varsity status.
"The addition of Mike to the staff last season proved to be a major asset in the development of ODU's presence nationally," said ODU head coach Dan Garbutt. "We are very happy to be able have him rejoin us for the 2011-2012 campaign."
Along with a second place showing by the Varsity Eight and Varsity Four at the Dad Vail Regatta last season, the Lady Monarchs also had sweeps of Miami and Colgate, wins over six-time Patriot League Champion Bucknell, a third place finish at the Colonial Athletic Association Championships, and Grand Final appearances at the Knecht Cup.
Lucey came to the ODU program from Dartmouth College where he served as the varsity assistant coach for the Big Green men's heavy rowing squad. In 2010, Lucey helped guide the heavy weight squad to a fifth place finish at the Eastern Springs and a eighth place showing at the IRA Regatta.
Prior to Dartmouth, Lucey served the second of two stints at Princeton University spending two seasons as the assistant coach with the women's lightweight crew. In the spring of 2009, he led the Tiger varsity lightweight coxed four to a gold medal at the Women's Eastern Sprints Championship. The previous season, Lucey coached the freshmen lightweight eight to a silver medal at the Women's Eastern Sprints Championship. Before rejoining the Princeton program in the 2008 season, Lucey coached one year as an assistant at the University of Pennsylvania in 2007, where the men's freshmen lightweight took an eight-place finish at that year's Men's Eastern Sprints Championships.
Beginning his career with Princeton, Lucey served as the volunteer assistant coach for both the Tiger men's heavyweight and lightweight teams. In his first year of coaching in 2006, Lucey led the third varsity lightweight eight to a third-place finish at the Eastern Sprints, as well as a fourth-place finish in the men's open four event at the 2006 IRA Regatta.
Prior to joining the coaching ranks, Lucey trained with the United States Men's National Team and was the top coxswain, sitting in Wisconsin's varsity eight for three years.
During his college career, the 2005 Wisconsin graduate with a degree in Political Science led the varsity eight to a nearly perfect regular season, including a fifth-place finish at the Eastern Sprints, as well as win over the University of Washington for the "W" Cup. Lucey steered the varsity eight to a fourth-place finish at the IRA Regatta in 2003, a silver medal at the Eastern Sprints, another "W" Cup, as well as the course records for the both the Men's 8+ and 4+ at the Midwest Rowing Championships. In the fall of 2002 during his first season of collegiate competition, he led the Badgers to a gold medal at the Head of the Charles in the Men's Championship eight event, a bronze medal in the varsity 4+ at the 2002 IRA Regatta, and captured the Ten Eyck Trophy for overall points for Team National Champion at the 2002 IRA Regatta.
Prior to coxing in college, Lucey was the first boat coxswain at Tabor Academy (Mass.) from 1999-2001. He spent two years at Tabor and helped lead the first boat into the grand final of the NEIRA regatta, including a fifth-place finish in 2000. In the summer of 2000, Lucey was selected to the United States Junior National team, where he coxed the Junior Men's pair (2+) to a silver medal in Zagreb, Croatia, at the 2000 Junior World Rowing Championships.
Before his arrival at Tabor Academy, Lucey attended St. John's High School (Mass.) and began coxing in 1996 on Lake Quinsigamond and has been involved with the sport of rowing ever since.


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Woolen jacket
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Woolen jacket
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