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Model No.: AY-Ad001
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Day 4 of NEA's back-to-school tour: visits to the Sunshine State
Van Roekel meets with Tampa-area educators following 'Race to the Top' announcement
TAMPA - August 26, 2010 -
NEA President Dennis Van Roekel's timely back-to-school tour arrived in Florida with several stops in the Tampa Bay area, including a town hall meeting with local educators where they discussed hot education topics such as the state's recent win of $700 million in federal funding through the Race to the Top competition.
"We know that great things are happening in Florida's public schools," said Van Roekel during the town hall meeting, which was held at the Hillsborough Classroom Teachers Association Community Center. "This is our chance to listen and figure out where and how these great ideas can be replicated."
Florida, which joins eight other states and the District of Columbia in nabbing the competitive dollars, will use the $700 million to meet two goals: to double the percentage of incoming high school freshmen who graduate and go on to college and to help cut the achievement gap in half by 2015.
"Florida just received the Race to the Top grant," said Florida Education Association President Andy Ford. "We're continuously working to ensure Florida's students get the quality education they deserve."
The federal grant comes on the heels of a $100 million grant from the Gates Foundation to Hillsborough County, which plans to use the funds to develop a system that will look at multiple indicators of student achievement—not just test scores—and consider all of them in teacher evaluations.
"Public schools across the nation are facing unprecedented challenges, and many communities are creating innovative solutions—and that includes Hillsborough County," said Jean Clements, president of the Hillsborough Classroom Teachers Association, which was involved at every step in developing this system.
"We appreciated hearing Dennis' perspective on the national scene, and we shared with him some of the great things that teachers are doing here in Hillsborough County."
Van Roekel was in Tampa as part of a week-long, multi-city, back-to-school tour. In addition to getting school staff energized about the upcoming school year—and calming those first-day jitters—Van Roekel has joined local and state education leaders across the country in highlighting public school innovation, service learning, partnerships, and teacher- and union-led school transformation efforts.
On to San Antonio and Austin, Texas
The NEA back-to-school tour travels next to the Lone Star State—with visits in San Antonio and Austin. In San Antonio, Van Roekel will swing by Highland Park Elementary School, a public school whose focus on early childhood education initiatives is paying dividends in closing the achievement gap. He will end the day in Austin with a town hall meeting to discuss topics such as the reauthorization of ESEA, Race to the Top and federal education funding.
Read more from the road by visiting www.nea.org/backtoschooltour
For more resources on the reauthorization of ESEA, please go to www.nea.org/esea
For more information on voices from the classroom, visit www.educationvotes.nea.org/
Follow us on twitter at www.twitter.com/NEAMedia
Social Media NEws Release can be found at: http://tinyurl.com/2udgdo4
# # #
The National Education Association is the nation's largest professional organization, representing
3.2 million elementary and secondary teachers, higher education faculty, education support professionals, school administrators, retired educators and students preparing to become teachers.
CONTACT: Staci Maiers (202) 822-7823, firstname.lastname@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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Iddy Biddy Boutique will continue to operate during this time. In order to adhere to the governments recent guidelines, I have pre-purchased all of my postage stamps and will drop parcels off at a Royal Mail post box on a daily basis.
I hope you find something you love . . . thank you for stopping by!
Silver Labradorite Earrings
Silver Labradorite earrings.
Naturally beautiful Labradorite, lovely big smooth rondel beads with a good blue flash. These tribal like earrings are handcrafted in oxidized sterling silver and hung from my signature handcrafted earwires that are stylish and super comfortable.
Including the earwires, the drop of the earring is approx 50mm (approximately 2") Please note the dimensions as my earrings in this style come in two sizes, these are the larger ones.
Your earrings will be sent by first class mail or airmail.
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Scientists use stem cells, mouse body to make a real human liver
Scientists trying to use stem cells to grow organs in the lab have been going about it the wrong way, Japanese researchers say. Instead of trying to make a fully functional organ to transplant into a patient, they should create an immature version and let it grow inside the patient's body.
The researchers, from Yokohama City University, showed that their approach can make a human liver that performs essential liver tasks when placed inside a mouse. They described their experiments in a study published Wednesday by the journal Nature.
The Japanese team started with induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, which are capable of growing into any type of cell in the body. These stem cells are made by rewinding adult cells to an immature state; that means they can be used to make organs that are a perfect genetic match to anyone -- including a person who needs a liver transplant.
The researchers set as their goal the creation of a "three-dimensional liver bud." Under normal circumstances, liver buds are made inside 3- or 4-week-old embryos and grow into mature livers as the embryo develops.
By placing the iPS cells into a lab dish with a carefully chosen combination of cells -- including some from a human umbilical vein -- the researchers were able to prompt them to grow into liver buds in about 48 hours. Tests revealed the experimental buds were expressing the same types of genes as a real liver bud.
That was about as far as the livers would go in the lab. What they needed next was a body -- a sophisticated biological environment that would send out just the right mix of signals to get the liver to grow. Transplanting the liver buds into humans was not an option for something so experimental, so the researchers put the buds into mice.
It took another two days for the buds to grow blood vessels and connect to the circulatory system. The vessel network looked the same as the ones around adult livers, according to the study.
After about 10 days, the transplanted liver buds began producing an essential protein called albumin. As more time passed, the buds grew into organs that resembled mature livers and expressed the same genes.
In a test of liver function, the researchers gave the mice two drugs to see how they would be metabolized by the animals. The result was "similar to that of a human adult liver" and different from the iPS cells the researchers started with, they reported. The authors were particularly excited by this finding, because it suggested the livers could be used to test drugs in humans without having to put any actual people -- or their livers -- at risk.
"We successfully generated ... functional human liver," the Japanese team wrote. While emphasizing that they still have a long way to go, they said their approach can help address the "critical shortage of donor organs for treating end-stage organ failure."
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No "fall yard cleanup" here!
|Brown is a colour too!
No leaf blowers at the TBG when I visited a couple days ago mercifully. No crowds either but hardly surprising. The halcyon days of late spring and early summer are long gone when it seems everything is blooming its pretty head off. Gardens now emit a different level of energy which likely few find inspiring.
Who finds brown interesting?
Well, I do!
Since we in Toronto aren't surrounded by pretty flowers for 5 or 6 months (holy moly, that's half the friggen year!), those who have an eye for things horticultural rely on the structure of, um, dead parts of perennials and dormant shrubs and trees to get us through the winter. "Winter interest" is an euphemism to describe our supposed appreciation of botanical brown bits like seedheads, tree bark, or dead grass stalks. I do believe it's a valid concept when choosing plants for a garden but on more than one occasion, a client/garden owner has looked at me with deeply distrustful eyes a I fawn over the virtues of a pagoda dogwood "holding" a fresh layer of snow as the sun rises on a crisp January morning, etc....
|I'm sure some viewers will take out their pruners right about now
Luckily, I haven't met many clients with such a neurosis but you see them removing every offending leaf from their front lawn, daily, with their blowers!
|As low(er) maintenance as you can get
|Backlit Miscanthus
|This will be even nicer once it snows
|A montage of Beautyberry, Winterberry and a Thuja
|When nothing else is flowering, depend on Colchicum
Nestled among some bearberry (I think), some autumn crocus were in full bloom. This was a nice way to end my visit, don't you think?
By Paul Jung, author of "garden muses: a Toronto gardening blog" Google Google Find us on Google+ Find us on Google+


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WNST is in search of the best and most knowledgeable sports media personalities of the future and proudly announces our search for the next Baltimore Sports Media Superstar, presented by Buffalo Wild Wings and Freedmont Mortgage, in a spring competition to find a WNST.net new media radio host, blogger and personality to make us even better.
Between now and midnight on April 13th, WNST.net will be accepting applicants for the competition, which will begin on Monday, April 14th with open-mic auditions on WNST-AM 1570 during "The Happy Hours driven by Jerry's Automotive and built by Creative Deck Designs" from 3p-6p between April 14th and April 18th.
We will audition no more than 60 contestants during our five radio shows and only the best resumes, blogs and cover letters will be invited to the first cut.
We will have a semifinals event at Buffalo Wild Wings in Owings Mills on Wednesday, April 23rd, and callbacks for the finals on Wednesday, May 21st, at the Buffalo Wild Wings in White Marsh. There will be a live panel of judges involved in the selection process at the Buffalo Wild Wings events to choose the finalists and eventual grand prizewinner.
The grand prize is an opportunity to host a weekly one-hour weekend show this summer & fall at WNST.net & AM 1570 while learning how to become a sports media personality in Baltimore in the era of new media and the internet. There will also be some other exciting prizes which will be announced at a later date.
Over the next few weeks, we'll be posting many "helpful hints, "insider tips" and various videos, blogs and links regarding the job description and evolving status of the local sports media industry in Baltimore and beyond.
If you are a contestant, this will be required reading and viewing because our professionals will be doling out advice, tough talk and Glenn Clark's "reality check" on the commitment needed to be a sports media personality in 2014 in Baltimore.
WNST.net is now the market leader for instant news, analysis and communications in Baltimore via social media and Twitter. We'll also be presenting all of the stats to accompany the story of becoming a "Baltimore Sports Media Superstar" in the new millennium and ever-evolving era of new media and mobile delivery of information.
None of us consume media the same way we did seven years ago and that will never change. The days of 2, 11 and 13 and The Baltimore Sun are gone forever.
So WNST.net seeks to embrace the next generation of hosts, analysts and bloggers serving Baltimore sports fans with the best new media in the marketplace.
This is the sixth time this kind of competition & talent search has been held at WNST.net and every contest has yielded future employees and great contributors to our company.
This is the real deal.
We're taking this competition seriously and hope to find many great candidates from journalism, sports marketing, law and communications backgrounds.
Behind it all needs to be a true Baltimore sports "expert." And our panel of hosts and judges will be grilling and quizzing the prospects throughout the competition in different formats.
We're looking for serious candidates who want to do sports media for a living. We will be providing meticulous and exhausting information regarding the reality and needs of a successful sports media personality in 2014 in Baltimore here at WNST.net over the next few weeks.
This isn't for everyone. But we'll gladly present it to everyone in Baltimore in a completely transparent attempt to improve what we do at WNST.net. As we grow – and any web and social media measurement you can find will prove that we're the fastest growing media brand in Baltimore – we'll need more talent and more stars for our blogosophere, radio station and website and social media community voice.
Honestly, this information might overwhelm some of you who aren't cut out to make it in this field


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Nakhon Nayok, ThailandKirsty Turner
There is a lot in Nakhon Nayak for lovers of nature to see and explore. The northern part of the province is situated amongst the colossal Dong Phaya Yen mountain range, and most of that area is covered by the lush green jungle of the spectacularly beautiful Khao Yai National Park.
In the central part of the province you will find the flowing waters of the Nakhon Nayok River. There are many opportunities to hire various kinds of boats around the area as this river is perfect for kayaking and canoeing. You can take out kayaks and canoes for the entire day and use your craft to explore the narrow tributaries at Khlong Wang Takhrai, which lead through a vast coffee plantation.
A short bus ride away from town is the Wang Takhrai Botanical Garden and the popular Wang Takhrai waterfall. There are also many other waterfalls to discover in the province such as Nam Tok Nang Rong, the nine-tiered Sarika waterfall and also the stunning Lan Rak waterfall. Another beautiful waterfall is Nam Tok Heo Narok, where the water cascades from a 200 metre cliff.
For those interested in the rich history of the area, a visit to the Dong Lakhon Ancient City should be high on the agenda. Located 9 kilometres south of the town, this is an ancient town of the Dvaravati period (about 6th-13th centuries). Don't forget to pay a visit to the local museum to discover more about the area's interesting past and to see well labelled displays of ancient Buddha images.
Worth looking out for are the long awaited Nakhon Nayok Canoe Races, which commence at the Wang Takhrai Canal Bridge in Tambon Sarika and end in the Nakhon Nayok River near the provincial capital, a distance of 5 kilometres. The races take place at various times throughout the year and tourists are welcome to join in the fun and try to beat the local contestants.


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Who knew there was this much raunch in Syfy's adaptation of Philip José Farmer's Riverworld books? Tahmoh Penikett is naked/in bondage, while another character practices Kama Sutra on Mark Twain's steamboat. This weekend's Riverworld promises to be quite the experience.
This Sunday at 7 PM, Syfy is running a four-hour long block of Riverworld. It seems like the movie was supposed to be a TV miniseries, but now it's all being run on the same day. Even though news like that doesn't usually bode well, we're still excited. Mainly because we've been waiting for this movie to air on Syfy, ever since Tahmoh Penikett talked up his nude scenes.
Riverworld follows Penikett after his death and later resurrection on the banks of a giant, world-spanning river. His fiancee also died and is somewhere in this strange land, or at least he assumes so. And Tahmoh will stop at nothing to find her — including enlisting the help of a Samurai and Mark Twain. Here's the official synopsis:
When American war zone journalist Matt Ellman (Tahmoh Penikett, Battlestar Galactica) and his fiancée, Jessie Machalan (Laura Vandervoort, Smallville), are killed in an explosion, Matt awakens, separated from Jessie, on the banks of a river snaking endlessly across a mysterious new plane of existence. On Riverworld, everyone who has ever lived on Earth, every soul throughout time, has been reborn along the banks of a seemingly endless river. Determined to locate Jessie, Matt aligns with Tomoe (Jeananne Goossen, Falcon Beach) , a 13th century female warrior, Allegra (Romina D'Ugo, Hairspray), a 15th century courtesan of shifting alliances, and American novelist and Riverboat captain Samuel Clemens (Mark Deklin, Justice), better known as Mark Twain. With a full crew of adventurers, they embark upriver to understand where they are, why they are here, and to what unknowable end the river winds.
Under the guidance of the peculiar Caretaker (Alan Cumming, Tin Man), their quest takes them below to a torturous Cavern of Souls and the Underworld prison, above in a Zeppelin piloted by a brilliant German engineer, and forward to cross paths with renowned explorer Sir Richard Francis Burton (Peter Wingdfield, 24) who has joined forces with Francisco Pizzaro to conquer and destroy Riverworld. For Matt, each unfathomable day, each nefarious encounter, only deepens the conundrum of Riverworld and raises more questions…What happened to Earth and when? What is the purpose of the burning Orb? What powers are contained in the infamous Dark Tower? And why is their every move being followed by the watchful eye of an alien being? The answers are waiting beyond the endless swells of Riverworld.
"Charting a territory somewhere between Gulliver's Travels and The Lord of the Rings" (Time), Philip Jose Farmer's Nebula Award-winning saga becomes a spectacular miniseries event-a feast for the eyes, the mind, and the heart of everyone who longs to explore the meaning of life, the mysteries of death, and everything that lies between.
There are tons of clips and trailers scattered throughout the internet. None of them are massively spoilery, except the very last trailer, which gives away a few things.
Spoilery Trailer:


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All prices are in All prices are in USD
We're pleased to introduce new Ruff Ruff and Meow designs -- including the first ever Spanish-language designs by a national dog apparel brand. They are perfect for "Spanish-speaking" dogs and their owners. Choose one or all in our top-quality tank tops, hoodies, and bandanas. They are sure to amuse and impress, while making your four-legged pals the deserving center of attention.


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Huntington Explore Play Sessions
Huntington Library
17th August 2021 @ 10:30 am - 11:30 am
17th August 2021 @ 10:30 am - 11:30 am
|Recurring Event (See all)
An event every week that begins at 10:30 am on Tuesday, repeating indefinitely
Come along play with our toys and have fun!
We will have a range of toys for babies and all children under 5 to play with. Children can explore new toys and play with old and new friends.


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Pat Keogh has been making music for as long as he can remember. A graduate of the University of Connecticut and the Berklee School of Music he is a former member of "Kool and The Gang." He was on tour doing his guitar thing all over the world. Pat is still making music, but now Read more…
Tag Archives: Angie Jagger
Pat Keogh Is The Sound Man
Posted in Art and Music, Innovators and Entrepreneurs, New Haven County Also tagged Addison Station, album, Alicia Keys, Berklee School of Music, CD, Connecticut, Danny and the Juniors, digital, Donovan, Fleetwood Mac, Hollywood, Joy Behar, Kool and The Gang, Lilly Tomlin, Mick Fleetwood and The Zoo, motion pictures, Music, music video, Pat Keogh, Phil Spector, prodcution, Richard Belzer, Ronnie Spector, Rush Limbaugh, Second City Television, sound, sound design, television, The Coasters, The Drifters, The Platters, The Ramones, The Ronnettes, Trick Pony, TV, University of Connecticut, Wallingford Comments closed


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Brake Software Latest Threat to Boeing 787By Reuters - Print
Verifying software in the brake control system of Boeing's 787 Dreamliner is the latest problem.
FARNBOROUGH (Reuters) - Verifying software in the brake control system of Boeing's (BA.N: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz) 787 Dreamliner is the latest problem holding back the new plane's first test flight, the troubled program's chief said.
The first of the 787s, originally meant to fly last summer, has been held back by three major production delays due to parts shortages and incomplete work from suppliers arriving at its assembly plant near Seattle.
The plane is still on track for a first flight in the fourth quarter -- in line with the last schedule announced in April -- but the newest "air bubble" in the timetable is in the brake systems, Pat Shanahan, general manager of the 787 program, said at a briefing at Farnborough Airshow on Tuesday.
"We need to push harder on the brake system," he said.
If all had gone to plan in production, the sleek, fuel-efficient airliner would have been one the stars of the world's largest air show after being delivered to its first Japanese customer in May.
Shanahan confirmed the plane is still on track for first delivery in the third quarter of 2009, Boeing's latest target.
The carbon-composite aircraft, promising 20 percent fuel savings, has been a huge success with airlines which have ordered 896 planes worth nearly $150 billion at list prices.
But Boeing has suffered parts shortages and problems with incomplete work by suppliers, resulting in delivery delays resembling the two-year lag encountered by Airbus on its A380 superjumbo, which entered service last October.
In the latest hitch, there have been delays getting the software in the 787's brake control system verified to meet stringent certification requirements, said Shanahan, who has led the 787 program since October last year.
The work on the brake control and monitoring system is being done by Hydro-Aire, part of U.S. engineering company Crane Co (CR.N: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz), which was in turn subcontracted by General Electric Co's (GE.N: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz) Smiths aerospace unit.
"It's not that the brakes don't work, it's the traceability of the software," Shanahan said, explaining that Crane had to go back and rewrite certain parts of the brake control software to verify it for the certification process.
"I'm confident it will be done. It's General Electric," Shanahan said.
Crane officials at the show declined to comment. The company's official spokeswoman was not immediately available.
The French company providing wheels and other parts of the braking system, as well as the carbon brakes themselves, said it had nothing to do with any of the problems cited by Boeing.
The wheels and brakes are provided by Messier-Bugatti, a unit of French conglomerate Safran (SAF.PA: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz). A sister company, Sagem Defense and Security, provides an electrical braking system known as the EBAC.
"Our material has passed 'Safety of Flight' tests and has been delivered in its entirety for the first flight. It also passed the recent 'Power On' tests on the 787," Messier-Bugatti President Jean-Christophe Corde told Reuters.
"Airplane One is in really good shape," said Shanahan, who replaced Mike Bair, the original 787 chief, after the first major delay on the plane last year.
He conceded that along with the brake system problem, more work needs to be done on the mid-body of the first plane and there were still parts shortages on the wing.
Boeing's next steps are putting hydraulics on the first plane and running the engines, as it moves toward first flight in the fourth quarter, Shanahan said.
However, Airplane 4, which will also be used for flight tests, could pose the next problem. The main fuselage of that plane is still at the Global Aeronautica plant in South Carolina, two to three weeks after it was due to be shipped to Seattle for final assembly.
That delay did not directly threaten the flight test timetable, but was eating away at extra time built in to the schedule, said Shanahan. "I'm eating margin I don't want to eat."
Global Aeronautica, a joint venture between Boeing and Alenia, a unit of Italian aerospace company Finmeccanica (SIFI.MI: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz), is putting together the main parts of the plane's body's fuselage at a specially built facility in Charleston, South Carolina.
(Editing by Dan Lalor)
© Thomson Reuters 2008 All rights reserved
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Late spring, Saturday night, sitting here surrounded by the trees and garden in full bloom, everything lush and full of life, my view from the front porch of verdant trees and garden, everything so very green. Peaceful. Relaxing. Would that this evening could go on forever.
Glass of Sledgehammer Zinfandel to round off the evening, a couple of books to read on the table beside me, the dog and two cats outside with us. Doesn't get much better than this. Well maybe if we had opened a bottle of Cardinal Zin… which we both think is a better wine. But we'll make do.
Books beside me include Little Dorrit by Charles Dickens, and The History of Hell by Alice Turner. The former for entertainment (after seeing the BBC series, I had to read the book, which is equally entertaining but richer), the latter to complement my studies of the mythologies of the afterlife. This is research for a novel I've been working on the past year or so. Well, longer, but seriously for only a year. It's about… well, that's another post. When I'm closer to completion. Only about 30,000 words so far.
Fiction isn't my forte, but I am trying. I've tinkered with a couple of pieces, including a few chapters of a humorous novel about small town politics (chapter one was published on this blog some time ago – I'll get around to posting chapter 2 soon…)
Writing fiction is as much a learning experience as anything else. But even in that it's worth doing. Learn every day or you die, as my friend Stan used to say.
I had two books of nonfiction published last year, a third submitted to the publisher earlier this year, and a fourth in the works for later this summer. And I produced a rewrite of Machiavelli's classic, The Prince, but no publisher found. Yet.
My real passion is to be able to write good fiction. I have tinkered with it – even written whole novels of 100,000 or more words. Scifi and fantasy mostly, and some mysteries. But they're not very good. It's a craft I need to work at, more. But not tonight.
Tonight is for enjoying a beautiful mid-spring evening with my wife, who happens to be my best friend. And contemplating how good it is to be alive and in Collingwood on such a night.


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Tyndale Christian School
1 Gnostic(a), adj. Also, gnostical. 1. pertaining to knowledge.
2 Geomorphic, adj. 1. of or pertaining to the figure of the earth, or the forms of its surface, 2. resembling the earth in form.
3 Guano, n., pl. ~nos. 1. a natural manure composed chiefly of the excrement of seabirds, 2. any similar substance, as an artificial fertiliser made from fish.
4 Gregarious, adj. 1. living in flocks or herds, as animals, 2. Bot. growing in open clusters; not matted together.
James Algie's painting references the allegory of Jonah and the whale from the Bible. His work demonstrates the ability to respond to history and culture in a visual form. Examine the impact of culture and society on artists' practice. Is it present in the way marks are made or the materials used? Consider the relevance of these elements when interpreting the visual language of an artwork.
Research the narratives that John Olsen and James Algie have based their works on. Discuss how each artist explored their subject matter. Outline how each artist has captured a narrative in a single image. Consider the expressive qualities of each work focusing on the artists' subjective response to their subject matter and materials.


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Group: Ga. river could ultimately be path to the coast for hikers who finish Appalachian Trail
ATLANTA (AP) � A national group is working toward a long-term vision of providing a way for hikers on the Appalachian Trail to continue south until they reach the ocean.
They envision the Chattahoochee River, which runs through metro Atlanta, as a way to allow hikers to reach the Gulf of Mexico after they finish the Appalachian Trail, either on trails along its banks or in a canoe or kayak.
The Chattahoochee's headwaters, in the north Georgia mountains, are only a few miles from the southernmost section of the Appalachian Trail, which ends in Georgia.
Curt Soper, the Georgia-Alabama state director of the Trust for Public Land, says the group has already managed to acquire 17,000 acres of land that touch 76 river miles from the Chattahoochee's headwaters to Columbus.


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- apa.az
- Incident
Doctor who did not want to be quarantined detained in Azerbaijan
In Azerbaijan, police detained a doctor who did not want to be quarantined, APA reports citing the press service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan.
"Person suspected of being infected with coronavirus, who is also a doctor by profession. It was decided to place him in a special treatment hospital. Despite his professional affiliation, this person, under various pretexts, while changing his location, was hiding from treatment. However, as a result of operational activities, police officers established his whereabouts, and this person was placed in a special treatment hospital. Along with this, members of his family, as well as people with whom he was in contact, were quarantined for an appropriate examination," says MIA.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs once again brings to the attention of citizens that the most serious measures will be taken in relation to persons who do not comply with the requirements for social isolation of the Operational Headquarters under the Cabinet of Ministers.
Other news
Israeli cabinet approves aviation, science cooperation deals with UAE
Jeyhun Bayramov expresses condolences to his Iranian counterpart
North Korea's Kim stresses economic policies at a politburo meeting
Biden names all-woman communications team
Ethiopia hospital 'struggles' in wake of fighting
Darth Vader actor dies aged 85
Maradona's doctor investigated over 'manslaughter'
Almost 100 police officers injured during Saturday protests in France, Interior Minister says
74 more coronavirus patients die in Moscow in past day
3 medical workers killed as car rams into market in Baku - PHOTO
Vector Center director says sure COVID-19 pandemic will be over in 2021
OPEC+ monitoring committee meeting yields no consensus
Russian peacekeepers arrive in Nagorno-Karabakh via Azerbaijan
Turkey reports 29,281 coronavirus cases, 183 deaths over past 24 hours
Besiktas beat Fenerbahce 4-3 in Turkish Super Lig derby
Lewis Hamilton wins Bahrain F1 Grand Prix for Mercedes
Oil refinery in Northern Iraq hit by rocket, fire breaks out
At least 110 civilians killed in 'gruesome' Nigeria massacre
Activities on the provision of the peacekeeping contingent of the Russian Federation are being held - VIDEO - PHOTO
France must review COVID-19 crowd limits on church attendance
Canada bans mass exports of prescription drugs
ANAMA demines highway leading to liberated Sugovushan - UPDATED
Azerbaijan documents 4,170 fresh coronavirus cases, 1,985 recoveries, 38 deaths in the last 24 hours
Russia reports over 26,600 coronavirus cases in the past day
Number of coronavirus cases grows by 1,174 in a day, 24 new deaths in Armenia
Azerbaijani MoD releases video footage of the Shahbulag village of Aghdam region - VIDEO
Turkey condemns killing of Iranian nuclear scientist
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SA Journal of Radiology
On-line version ISSN 2078-6778
Print version ISSN 1027-202X
S. Afr. J. radiol. (Online) vol.19 n.1 Johannesburg 2015
Ultrasound diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment by confirming baseline cross-sectional area measurement for normal and abnormal nerves
Tania Roodt; Barbara van Dyk; Sylvia Jacobs
Department of Radiography, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging is most commonly employed, alongside electro-diagnostic studies, in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment. It is expensive, time consuming, not readily available to the general public, and limits imaging to a segment of the nerve at any given time. In contrast, high-frequency ultrasound is an inexpensive imaging modality with a flexible field of view through which the nerve can be traced. An ultrasound cross-sectional area (CSA) >0.075 cm2 has previously been suggested as indicative of nerve entrapment.
OBJECTIVES: To confirm the suggested CSA measurement of 0.075 cm2 and discuss the difference in CSA measurement between abnormal nerves, nerves in the contra-lateral elbow of the same participant, and those of asymptomatic participants
METHODS: Ultrasonography was performed on both elbows of 25 patients with confirmed unilateral ulnar nerve entrapment and on 25 healthy controls for comparison. Three CSA measurements were taken of the ulnar nerve along its course, and the mean measurement was recorded
RESULTS: CSA measurements were significantly different between patients with ulnar nerve entrapment and healthy controls (p < 0.05). In our study, a CSA >0.070 cm2 defined ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow.
CONCLUSION: Ultrasound CSA measurement of the ulnar nerve is accurate in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment. The range of values and varied criteria previously reported call for standardisation of the procedure and CSA measurement. We suggest that a measurement of 0.070 cm2 be considered as a new baseline for the optimal diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment.
Introduction and background
High-frequency ultrasound is an inexpensive and non-invasive imaging modality that has become an appealing adjunct to electro-diagnostic studies in the evaluation of entrapment neuropathies.1,2 Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most commonly employed imaging tool in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment; however, it is expensive, time consuming, not readily available to the general public and allows only a segment of the nerve to be imaged at any given time.3,4,5 In contrast, ultrasound provides a flexible field of view through which the nerve can be traced, and is able to clearly differentiate the nerve from the surrounding anatomical structures.1
Ulnar nerve entrapment may result in painful tingling or debilitating weakness of the hands or upper extremities.6 Peripheral nerves are vulnerable to compression at sites of fibrous and fibro-osseous tunnels. The most common site for ulnar nerve entrapment is consequently where the nerve passes through the cubital tunnel owing to pathological narrowing of the tunnel.7
Recent technological advances in ultrasound have enabled investigation of the condition with high-resolution ultrasound along the path of the nerve with relative ease.1,3,8,9 Chiou et al. suggested that an ulnar nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement >0.075 cm2 was indicative of nerve entrapment.2 This measurement was derived from a small sample of 24 patients of whom 14 were symptomatic and 10 asymptomatic, making the reliability of the suggested measurement of 0.075 cm2 questionable.2 Further research, on a larger sample, was thus indicated to test the reliability of the suggested CSA measurement.
Our aims were to: (1) compare the previously suggested baseline CSA measurement of 0.075 cm2, for ulnar nerve entrapment, with findings from the present study to improve future diagnosis of the condition; (2) elaborate on the difference between normal and abnormal nerves by comparing the CSA measurement of abnormal ulnar nerves with the nerve in the contra-lateral elbow in the same participant and to that of asymptomatic participants; and (3) to report the effect of confounding factors on the size of the ulnar nerve.
A prospective quantitative comparative research approach allowed statistical comparison of results in order to meet the objectives.
Research population and sampling
A quota non-probability sampling method was employed by recruiting patients with ulnar nerve entrapment, as confirmed by electro-diagnostic studies and referred for ultrasound examination of the elbow. Patients with a predisposition for ulnar nerve entrapment owing to a previous fracture, arthritis, elbow pain or surgery which complicates interpretation of the ultrasound image, were excluded from the study.
Asymptomatic participants who acted as controls were recruited from the general public.
Research procedure
Ultrasound scans were performed on a Toshiba Xario ultrasound unit (Model SSA-660A), using a 12 mHz linear transducer with a small footprint. The ulnar nerve was examined both during flexion and extension of the elbow. During the acquisition of flexion views, the patient was seated next to the examination couch with the palm in contact with the examination table and the elbow rotated postero-laterally so that the humerus was at right angles to the trunk (Figures 1-2). This position accentuated the anatomical landmarks.
For extension views, the patient was positioned with the shoulder and elbow in extension. The dorsal aspect of the hand was in contact with the examination table and the palm inverted (Figure 3).
The examination commenced with a longitudinal survey of the ulnar nerve to search for oedematous thickening of the nerve or loss of normal ultrasound characteristics. Figure 4 demonstrates a normal ulnar nerve, at the level of the cubital tunnel, in a longitudinal plane with the elbow in flexion.
The probe was then rotated through 90° into the transverse plane until the nerve appeared as an oval or round structure (Figure 5). To obtain this image, the medial aspect of the transducer (side of the marker on the transducer) was placed at the medial epicondyle and the lateral aspect of the transducer on the olecranon process (Figure 6).
Area measurements were performed on a transverse section of the nerve during flexion, by using the manual free-hand tracing method. Three successive CSA measurements were obtained within the echogenic rim of the ulnar nerve (Figure 5) at:
1. the level of the medial epicondyle of the elbow
2. 50 mm proximal to the level of the medial epicondyle
3. 50 mm distal to the level of the medial epicondyle.
The same measurements were repeated with the elbow in extension, with the medial aspect of the transducer (side of the marker) placed at the medial epicondyle and the lateral aspect of the probe on the olecranon (Figure 7). This procedure was followed by three successive measurements of the contra-lateral arm in the same patient and compared with similar area measurements performed on control asymptomatic participants. Measurements were recorded on CD and the mean measurement was used for data analysis.
Data collection and statistical analysis
Twenty-five patients with unilateral ulnar nerve entrapment, confirmed by electro-diagnostic studies, were studied. Data were collected from the pathological nerve, contra-lateral arm of the same patient, and also from the dominant arm in 25 asymptomatic healthy participants for comparison.
Descriptive statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 18.0, with ranges presented in graphical form. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to examine the normality of data distribution in the small sample and to test the null hypothesis. Skewness of data necessitated the use of non-parametric tests to establish statistical significance. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Ethical considerations
The study was approved by the Higher Degrees and Ethics Committees, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg. Participants were briefed on the purpose of the research and the procedure for data collection. Agreement to participate was indicated by signing informed consent while anonymity was ensured by using a research number.
Validity and reliability
All ultrasound scans were performed by the researcher, and measurements were confirmed by a radiologist to minimise data collector bias. Standardisation was ensured by the use of the same ultrasound unit with an automatic calibration function, a 12 mHz linear transducer with a small footprint (PLT-1204AT), and a mechanical index of0.6 accurate to 0.1 mm.
The ulnar nerve CSA measurement was significantly greater in symptomatic patients than in the asymptomatic control group (p< 0.05) at all three measured levels. The bottom of the range in patients with confirmed ulnar nerve entrapment, with the elbow in flexion, was recorded as 0.07 cm2 (range 0.07 cm2-0.25 cm2; median 0.10 cm2, mean 0.116 cm2) whilst the same measurement represented the maximum measurement for asymptomatic nerves in control participants (range 0.04 cm2-0.07 cm2; median 0.051 cm2, mean 0.052 cm2). Measurements of the contra-lateral elbow overlapped between the measurements of the symptomatic and asymptomatic participants (range 0.05 cm2-0.17 cm2; median 0.08 cm2, mean 0.09 cm2) (Figures 8-9; Tables 1-3).
CSA measurements in symptomatic and asymptomatic participants were significantly different (p = 0.001) at the level of the cubital tunnel. Measurements of the contra-lateral elbow overlapped between that of symptomatic and asymptomatic participants ( p = 0.000).
A significant difference in CSA measurements (p= 0.000) was recorded between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants, 50 mm distal to the level of the cubital tunnel.
The study likewise revealed a significant difference, although smaller, between CSA measurements 50 mm proximal to the level of the cubital tunnel with the arm in flexion (p = 0.003).
Confounding factors explored in the study included gender, race, height, age, weight, BMI, handedness, occupation and participation in sport. Owing to the small sample size, correlation coefficients, lying between -1 and +1, were employed to determine the correlation between measurements and confounding factors. With a correlation coefficient ≥0.6 indicating a strong correlation, a positive correlation was found between the CSA of the ulnar nerve and age (0.6), occupation (0.6) and weight/BMI (0.4) in both flexion and extension.
The unpaired f-test showed statistical significance (p= 0.004) between CSA measurements taken in flexion and extension in asymptomatic participants.
Results of the present study concurred that the CSA of the ulnar nerve at all three levels was significantly increased in patients with confirmed ulnar nerve entrapment in comparison with asymptomatic participants.1,10 Although the majority of cubital tunnel CSA measurements in symptomatic patients were greater than the previously suggested 0.075 cm2, a measurement of 0.070 cm2 was recorded in two patients with confirmed ulnar nerve entrapment.
In keeping with results from previous studies,8,11,12 the CSA measurement of the contra-lateral elbow overlapped between the measurements recorded in symptomatic and asymptomatic participants for both flexion and extension of the elbow. This finding confirms the suspicion that ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow occurs bilaterally in the majority of cases, although only one arm may present with symptoms of the condition.7,11,12 Populations at risk of flexion-induced ulnar neuropathy include office workers who habitually lean their flexed elbows against a desk or table.13
Moreover, in agreement with Thoirs,10 the CSA measurement of the ulnar nerve was greater when made with the elbow in extension than in flexion in the asymptomatic group (Table 4). This difference may be explained by the alteration in the length of the path of the nerve that occurs with elbow flexion, leading to changes in the shape and thickness of the nerve.
The results of our study concur with previous findings by showing that the ultrasound measurement of the ulnar nerve is susceptible to confounding factors arising from physical characteristics of the individual.2,9,10 However, owing to the small sample size, further investigation is needed to validate the magnitude of confounding factors on the ulnar nerve size.
Limitations of the study
Although the study population was more than double that of the previous study, 25 participants per group is still considered a small sample for meaningful statistical analysis, and thus remains a limiting factor in the present study. Furthermore, it was difficult to match the two groups, which led to participants in the symptomatic group being significantly older than the asymptomatic healthy group. Previous studies have suggested that ulnar nerve entrapment is a condition of middle age.10,14 The average age for the symptomatic group was 46 years (range 23-72) compared to an average of 36 years for the asymptomatic group (range 23-56).
Conclusion and recommendations
Whilst an electro-diagnostic study provides detailed physiological information, ultrasound provides detailed anatomical information of nerves. High-frequency ultrasound examination of the elbow is useful to detect soft tissue and bony abnormalities whilst providing information on adjacent anatomical structures.3
Ultrasonography is faster and less expensive than a comparable MRI test, is not associated with exposure to ionising radiation, and has no known adverse biological effects.3 Despite an increasing number of published articles, many practitioners still remain unaware of the effectiveness of high-resolution ultrasound for assessing peripheral nerves.
Although the numbers in our sample are too small to prove statistical significance, the results of the study suggest that a CSA measurement of 0.070 cm2 should be considered as a new baseline to differentiate between normal nerves and nerves affected by entrapment pathology, for the optimal diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment. With a new cut-off value of 0.070 cm2, it can be argued that patients with ulnar nerve entrapment might have been compromised if the previously suggested value of 0.075 cm2 had been adhered to.1 Further research on a bigger study population may be indicated to confirm our findings.
Furthermore, the enlargement of the asymptomatic contra-lateral nerve may indicate an underlying pathological condition or an habitual action, such as leaning on the elbow, that makes the nerve more vulnerable to injury.
The broad range of normative values reported in the literature15 and varied criteria used in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment, call for standardisation of the ultrasound procedure and CSA measurement. The results of the present study demonstrate that the ulnar nerve can be reliably measured in cross-section when a closely controlled positioning and measurement protocol is followed.
In conclusion: the ultrasound CSA measurement of the ulnar nerve, made at the level of the medial epicondyle, is found to be a robust discriminator of ulnar nerve entrapment, making it a useful diagnostic test for the evaluation and diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships which may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.
Authors' contributions
As the primary researcher of the Master's project from which the present article emanated, T.R. (University of Johannesburg) wrote the present article with thorough concern for the design, interpretation of data, and critical revision of the intellectual content to take public responsibility for it. She approves it for publication.
As supervisor of the research project, B.v.D. (University of Johannesburg) participated sufficiently in the conception and design of the present work, the data analysis (where applicable), critical review of the intellectual content and the writing of the article to take public responsibility for it. She reviewed the final version of the article and approves it for publication.
As co-supervisor of the Master's project, S.J. (University of Johannesburg) participated sufficiently in the conception, design, interpretation of data, critical revision of the intellectual content and the writing of the article to take public responsibility for it. She approves it for publication.
1. Ginn SD, Cartwright MS, Chloros GD, et al. Ultrasound in the diagnosis of a median neuropathy in the forearm: Case report. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2007;2:23. [ Links ]
2. Chiou H, Chou Y, Cheng S, et al. Cubital tunnel syndrome: Diagnosis by high-resolution ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med. 1998;17:643-648. [ Links ]
3. Introcasco JH, van Holsbeeck MT. Sonography of the elbow, wrist and hand. 2nd ed. Mosby, Maryland Heights: 2001; pp. 539-540, 528-529. [ Links ]
4. Maravilla KR, Bowen BC. Imaging of the peripheral nervous system: Evaluation of peripheral neuropathy and plexopathy. Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:1011-1023. [ Links ]
5. Steinback LS, Chung CB. MRI of the upper extremity. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2010; p. 192. [ Links ]
6. Bayramoglu M. Entrapment neuropathies of the upper extremity. J Neuroanatomy. 2004;3:18-24. [ Links ]
7. Hochman M, Zilberfarb JL. Nerves in a pinch: Imaging of nerve compression syndromes. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004;42:221-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-8389(03)00162-3 [ Links ]
8. Beekman R, Schoemaker MC, van der Plas JPL, et al. Diagnostic value of high-resolution sonography in ulnar nerve neuropathy at the elbow. Neurology. 2004;62:767-773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000113733.62689.0D [ Links ]
9. Martinoli C, Bianchi S, Gandolfo N, Valle M, Simonetti S, Derchi LE. US of nerve entrapment in osteofibrous tunnels of the upper and lower limbs. Radiographics. 2000;20:S199-S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc08s199 [ Links ]
10. Thoirs K, Williams MA, Phillips M. Systemic review of sonographic measurements of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. J Diagn Med Sonogr. 2007;23:255-262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479307306110 [ Links ]
11. Pais P, Fodor D, Fisher T. Bilateral cubital tunnel syndrome: Case report with review of the literature. Med Ultrasonogr. 2009;11:31-36. [ Links ]
12. Dellon AL, Hament W, Gittelshon A. Non-operative management of cubital tunnel syndrome: An 8-year prospective study. Neurology. 1993;43:1673-1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.43.9.1673 [ Links ]
13. Miller TT, Reinus WR. Nerve entrapment syndromes of the elbow, forearm, and wrist. Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195:585-594. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.10.4817 [ Links ]
14. Yoon JS, Hong S, Kim B, et al. Ulnar nerve and cubital tunnel ultrasound in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:887-889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.10.024 [ Links ]
15. Koenig RW, Pedro MT, Heinen CPG, et al. High-resolution ultrasonography in evaluating peripheral nerve entrapment and trauma. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;26:1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/FOC.2009.26.2.E13 [ Links ]
Barbara van Dyk
PO Box 772, Roodepoort 1725
South Africa
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received: 30 Oct. 2014
Accepted: 15 May 2015
Published: 05 Aug. 2015


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An explosion in the use of technology and social networking sites among young people is creating more opportunities for sexual violence, according to a study released today.
Researchers from the Australian Institute of Family Studies found emerging technologies facilitated sexually violent acts by providing offenders with more ways of making contact with victims.
Tania Towers, who manages the Sexual Assault Resource Centre at the King Edward Memorial Hospital in Subiaco, said an increasing number of victims are reporting that technology is being used as a strategy to initiate sexual violence.
"It's definitely resulting in more people who are coming to us reporting that technology was a tool used to engage with them inappropriately and groom them," Ms Towers said.
AIFS researcher Nicole Bluett-Boyd said they focused their study on the 12 to 26 age-group because of young people's prolific use of technology.
Ms Bluett-Boyd said phones and social networking sites in particular are facilitating sexual violence before, during and after offences.
She said sexual violence ranges from posting naked pictures of a person on Facebook without their consent to sexual assault.
"Before a sexually violent act, social networking can provide a false sense of connection between offender and victim, for instance 'friending' someone who might not be presenting an accurate identity."
The researchers found during acts of violence, technology was involved in the recording of sexual assaults and threats to distribute images without consent.
After an offence, Ms Bluett-Boyd said offenders threatened to post naked pictures of victims if they did not perform sexual acts.
The findings echo the Australian Defence Force scandal in April 2011, when footage of cadets engaging in a sexual act was streamed via Skype without the knowledge of the female cadet.
Ms Towers said although young people were a high risk group, the phenomenon was affecting all ages across a diverse range of social groups.
She encouraged victims to attend SARC, a confidential crisis and therapy service for people who have experienced sexual violence.
SARC can be contacted on 9340 1828 or 1800 199 888.
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SSSP Awards
Arlene Kaplan Daniels Paper Award
Arlene Kaplan Daniels was the first female editor of Social Problems (1975-1978) and became the Society's President in 1986. She supported other women sociologists across the discipline and professional associations through mentoring, preparing references, and editing papers. Her scholarship has made an important contribution to the discipline through its unparalleled awareness of women's contribution to society.
C. Wright Mills Award
SSSP annually gives its prestigious C. Wright Mills Award to the author of what the committee considers to be the most outstanding book written in the tradition of C. Wright Mills and his dedication to a search for a sophisticated understanding of the individual and society. Past winners have included Patricia Hill Collins, William Julius Wilson, Pun Ngai, Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, Charles Tilly, Theda Skocpol, Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Harry Braverman, Frances Fox Piven-Richard Cloward, Jacqueline P. Wiseman, Laud Humphreys, and Jerome H. Skolnick.
Doris Wilkinson Faculty Leadership Award
Doris Wilkinson Faculty Leadership Award will be given annually to an outstanding faculty member who has exercised an extensive leadership role within the SSSP and other professional societies and within the larger community. The award was established in 2016 and was named in honor of Doris Wilkinson, who turned observation into action and became one of the leading voices in bringing change to the society and sociology as a discipline.
Indigenous Peoples' Social Justice Award
Established in 2020, this award is to an organization (preferably a Native American organization) doing social justice work on behalf of Native Americans in the city or metropolitan area hosting the annual meeting.
Joseph B. Gittler Award
In 2007, a bequest by Joseph B. Gittler was made to the association establishing an award given to a SSSP member for significant scholarly achievements on the ethical resolution of social problems. Past recipients have included Valerie Jenness, Gregory D. Squires, Ellen Pence, Frances Fox Piven, and Nancy A. Wonders.
Kathleen S. Lowney Mentoring Award
Kathleen S. Lowney Mentoring Award will be given annually to an outstanding faculty member or community activist. The award is established to recognize the value of quality mentoring relationships between mentor and mentee and/or mentoring programs especially those for undergraduate or graduate students and/or for social activists, particularly for younger scholars and activists.
Lee Founders Award
Established in 1981, this award is made in recognition of significant lifetime achievements demonstrating a devotion to the ideals of the founders of the Society and especially to the humanist tradition of Alfred McClung Lee and Elizabeth Briant Lee. Past winners have included Thomas C. Hood, Irving Kenneth Zola, David A. Snow, and Elliot Liebow.
Thomas C. Hood Social Action Award
Since 1991 the SSSP has given an award to an organization in the city hosting the annual meeting for its social justice work. In 2009, the award was named in honor of Thomas C. Hood, who retired as Executive Officer in 2009 after serving the Society in that capacity for 19 years. Past winners have included Atlanta's Youth Speak Truth and the Coalition for Human Immigration Rights of Los Angeles.
Student Paper Competitions and Outstanding Scholarship Awards
The Divisions hold annual Student Paper Competitions and Outstanding Scholarship Awards. Please note each division has a unique deadline and submission process.
Travel Fund Awards
Erwin O. Smigel Award
The SSSP established the Erwin O. Smigel Award in 1975 to provide assistance to unemployed and underemployed sociologists to help them participate in the Annual Meeting. Applicants should be sociologists with an advanced degree who are not full-time students and who are not fully employed.
Lee Scholar Support Fund
The SSSP established the Lee Scholar Support Fund to help bring non-US based foreign scholars to the Annual Meeting. The specific purpose is to facilitate scholarly participation by persons engaged in research related to social problems and social struggles. More generally, the purpose of this fund is to help globalize cooperative relations among persons and organizations engaged in applying social scientific findings to confront social problems and create social change.
Lee Student Support Fund
In recognition of Al Lee's commitment to social justice and contributions to the SSSP, the Society established the Lee Student Support Fund to help defray the cost of conference attendance and participation by student members.
Transnational Initiatives Fund
The SSSP established the Transnational Initiatives Fund to help provide scholars located in those regions that fall under the definition of the Global South with partial travel support to participate in the Annual Meeting. This includes economically disadvantaged countries and nation-states, as well as politically, economically, and culturally subjugated regions of all countries.


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Nine Eleven History Dot
|On October 4, 2001, over 80 history professionals representing more than 30 institutions gathered in New York City to discuss "The Role of the History Museum in a Time of Crisis." All participants recognized the importance of preserving the materials that document the events and effects of September 11, but also acknowledged the challenge and enormity of the task. In an effort to record this event for future generations and to collect materials in ways that are both sensitive and appropriate, the participants called for a coordination of efforts and continued communication among collecting institutions.
This web site is the first step in continuing the process that began on October 4. Click above to see postings on the issues that history museums and public historians are facing in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks. To make submissions to the web site, please send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com. For further information about e-mail discussions among museums and other collecting institutions, please send an e-mail to email@example.com.
Related Links:
9/11 Memorial
September Loss - 9/11 Memorial Site


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| 7.3°C Belfast
A Chinese woman and five Sherpa guides have scaled Mount Everest, becoming the first team to reach the peak from the Nepal side after a deadly avalanche last month sent climbers home.
A Nepalese Tourism Ministry official, Dipendra Paudel, said 40-year-old Wang Zing reached the 29,035ft (8,850m) summit with her Nepalese guides yesterday.
The April 18 avalanche that swept the route near the base camp killed 16 Sherpa guides. After the disaster, the guides refused to continue and teams cancelled their expeditions.
Wang, however, scaled the peak with her own guides.
Her team is the only one to scale Everest from the popular southern route from Nepal this season, which ends next week.


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Fringe has always explored the notion of what happens when smart people Go Too Far, through the cautionary tales of Walter Bishop and countless other mad scientists. But with this latest storyline, the show actually seems to be suggesting that being smart is almost inevitably a path to iniquity. Which... huh.
Spoilers ahead...
So I don't really have that much to say about last night's Fringe. It was basically just continuing the "Bishops have stuff in their brains" storylines that the previous week had kicked into gear. In particular:
1) Peter is turning into a kind of Observer, which is making him kind of a jerk
We already saw last week that Peter's impromptu Observer brain implant allowed him to fight and teleport like an Observer — and now he can predict stuff like an Observer, too. Even the actions of actual Observers. Peter figures out the movements of some of Windmark's lieutenants, and ropes Anil into helping him swap one Observer's briefcase, so he can inflict face-melting death on a whole bunch of key Observers at once. Anil lets Peter down, but Peter is able to recover and the face-melting is on.
(Every time Anil comes on the screen, I give a little astonished whoop that he's still alive, given how marked for death he is, as the only expendable character left. Or maybe that makes him safe, until the finale?)
Olivia notices that Peter is being shifty and not sleeping and going off on his own all the time with weak-ass explanations, and thinks he's just pulling away from her in the wake of Etta's death — until she sees Peter's massive transparent board of Observer Observation and learns the truth. And then Peter starts plotting to kill Windmark himself, but the mental effort makes some of Peter's hair fall out. Noooo! Not the hair!
The urgency of the Peter storyline is slightly dampened by the fact that we saw a preview for the next episode at the end of this one — and it included Walter saying that soon the changes to Peter's brain would be irreversible. Which means they're not irreversible yet, and they probably will be reversed. (It's a law of television that reversible things tend to get reversed.)
2) Walter is suffering from extreme hubris and is turning back into the arrogant man he used to be.
We know this, because Walter tells us (and Nina) several times. There are one or two scenes of Walter being kind of a jerkwad, but there are also multiple scenes where it's spelled out that Walter is reverting to his old "playing God" self. Walter asked William Bell to cut out some slices of his brain to hide the secret of traveling between universes, but also because he worried he was becoming too much of a megalomaniac, and he wanted to remove the parts of his brain that made him push the limits of science and morality and stuff. But after Walter's brain was damaged by being frozen in amber for 20 years, Simon and Etta put those brain snippets back in, and now he's turning evil-ish again.
I would love to know what a neuroscientist thinks of this storyline. For one thing, there's the idea that you could pinpoint the parts of someone's brain that cause hubris. For another, there's the notion that after those brain chunks were removed for a long time and someone suffered from fairly major brain damage, replacing them would cause the hubris to return. Wouldn't Walter's brain have rewired itself during the long period while he was missing those chunks? Or wouldn't he be using those chunks of brain matter to replace functions that were lost due to brain damage, and thus unable to use them for their original "causing hubris" function? I'm curious.
In any case, in this episode, Walter needs Nina's help to get at William Bell's old storage unit for the next item on the scavenger hunt — and Walter winds up having a debate with Nina as to whether he's doomed to become an evil scientist again. Walter contends that Peter's love will keep him sane and Peter won't let him become that guy again. But Nina says she loved William Bell, and that didn't stop Bell from turning evil and destructive. Walter (showing some of that arrogance) claims that Bell never loved Nina, because Bell never loved anybody. But later, confronted with evidence that Bell did actually love Nina, Walter is even more scared that Peter's love won't be enough, and he will descend into ruthless mania. (Nobody raises the point that a super-genius with no ethical limits might be the perfect person to fight the Observers. This is wartime, and you don't always get to stay pure.)
In the end, Walter begs Nina to take out the brain slices again — he might lose some of his intellect, but it'll be worth it if he's a nicer person. We don't really get to see Nina's answer, but I'm guessing it's no. And so Walter is left surveying the pieces of his still-incomprehensible plan to defeat the Observers, and listening to the David Bowie record that William Bell had stolen from him, The Man Who Sold the World.
Oh, and we learn some of why Walter was so pissed at William Bell back in "Letters of Transit" — Bell had offered to help fight the Observer invasion, but once the Observers were here, Bell double-crossed Walter and the others, in exchange for the Observers' favor. And later, when Bell met up with Walter and Peter, he probably turned them in, and that's when Walter ambered them all. Unfortunately, Walter's memories of all this are mixed up with Marathon Man.
I'm still enjoying the "Bishop family brain upgrades" saga — especially the stuff where Peter outthinks and generally out-Observers the Observers, leading to molten-face goodness. So far, I'm still not seeing why a bunch of Resistance fighters wouldn't want to implant the Observer tech in their heads, even if it killed them after a week or two. And I'm hopeful that the "Walter is turning back into a monster" storyline will lead to some actual monstery action.
But this episode does seem to be suggesting that there is an implicit tradeoff between intelligence and morality — like when Walter keeps saying that he's willing to lose some intellect in order to regain a sense of decency. And meanwhile, the more Peter starts being able to think as fast and as brilliantly as the Observers, the less compassion he seems to have. I guess in one sense this is the age-old obsession with losing your humanity, and the boundary between humans and people who are more than human. But in the case of Walter, the "brain pieces" issue is increasingly about whether Walter can be trusted with full access to his faculties. Brainpower corrupts, and absolute brainpower corrupts absolutely.
In any case, while the Bishop men are each grappling with his own problematic brain power-up, there's nothing for Olivia, Astrid and Nina to do but sit on the sidelines and worry that the menfolk are getting too smart for everybody's good. We need some equal opportunity brain supercharging around here — time for Olivia to break out the cortexiphan?


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The Opportunistic Genius Of The Bryce Harper Call-Up
In my pre-season notebook, where I scribble all the useless data and hot tips for the year ahead (and occasionally jot something down like what I did in 2007: "Manto sez watch Bautista. Could hit 40") I made this little note on my Washington Nationals page:
It was not the most outlandish forecast of all time. Predicting in March that Bryce Harper would be called up on April 25 was a less than even-money wager (and it was wrong, by two days). But when Harper looked ordinary in the spring, and anything but dominant in AAA this month, I nearly crossed out the note in order to write "September" instead.
In short, all of us who thought Harper would have played so well that he'd be "up" by April 25 were wrong.
That's why the move to bring Harper up because of the injury to Ryan Zimmerman is, as the title of this post suggests, opportunistic genius. It's a controlled experiment with a time limit, and that's the variable none of us (maybe not even GM Mike Rizzo foresaw). Let me quote from my post here early last month:
…the most amazing question of the spring isn't about whether or not Harper is going to open the season with the Nationals, nor the one that goes "are the Nats seriously considering it?" The answer is: what happens if it doesn't work?
(19-year old Mickey) Mantle was sent down to AAA Kansas City after the game of July 13 (1951)…American League pitchers had begun to deny him fastballs late in May, and in his last six weeks before the demotion Mantle had hit just .211…
But Mantle's demotion came 61 years ago. There was no internet, no cable, no tv sports news to think of, no radio call-ins, no blogs. The Yankees who didn't get sent to the minors that season included Joe DiMaggio, Yogi Berra, Phil Rizzuto, Allie Reynolds, Vic Raschi, Ed Lopat, coach Bill Dickey, and manager Casey Stengel. They were the two-time defending World Champions and, frankly, it is possible that a lot of Yankee fans had no idea for days or weeks that Mantle had even been sent back to the minors.
That will most assuredly not happen if Bryce Harper struggles in the majors – if he bats .211 over 100 agonizing at bats and Mike Rizzo and Davey Johnson decide they have to send him to AAA. The coverage would be intense, uninterrupted, and brutal, and it would not stop the day Harper went to Syracuse or Harrisburg. It would be relentless.
Except now, it wouldn't. If Harper hits .211 over 100 agonizing at bats (or just 50), and the Nats get healthy – gee, he showed flashes of brilliance and we know exactly what the later Harper will look like, but, gosh, Ryan Zimmerman is indeed coming off the disabled list on time on May 6 – the Nats can send him back to Syracuse and tell him and the world that this was the plan all along, see you real soon.
He would not have failed. The message would be: He did exactly what we needed him to do, on a short-term basis – and now having given him a taste of the real thing, we're going to put him back in the oven because he isn't going to play here every day and blah, blah blah, blah blah…
Of course, if he's hitting .290 when Zimmerman comes off the DL, they can abandon the "plan" and stick him in the line-up for good.
And that is opportunistic genius.
It's not new – the Yankees did the same thing with Derek Jeter for a long weekend in 1995 when they came up short in the infield – and it's a mid-season cousin to the standard procedure with standout rookies: bring them up in September and stick them in the line-up. If they succeed, great. If they fail, the season is ending in three weeks, nobody will consider them as having flamed out. Heck, in 1977 the Tigers brought up Jack Morris, Lance Parrish, Alan Trammell and Lou Whitaker over an eight-week span (the latter two debuted in the same game). Same idea, and it works nicely.
Of course, with Jayson Werth scratched, Michael Morse lost in some kind of injury ozone, and centerfield a mess, take the odds and wager on Harper overstaying his visit. Heck, he may have to overstay it in centerfield, and the other farmhand just promoted today Tyler Moore (is he a fun guy? Is he a merry Tyler Moore?) in a platoon of some kind in left.
16 Comments
Merry Tyler Moore… Hee! 😀 On a side note, did you know that Ted Konopka played a "barking dog" in one episode of the Mary Tyler Moore show? I'm betting you know who that is. "Good Night, and Good News!"
Let's hope that your next gig is that of Baseball Commissioner. You are perfect for the job and know more about BB than most anyone.
I agree, Ron. But he claims that George Will knows even more about baseball. Mr. Will picked the Rangers and Keith picked the Rays. I know this: I have never seen anybody love any sport so much. Cool.
I can't believe Mr. Harper already has his baseball card! Wow! When I saw him hit and run, I knew he was something different. The SportsCenter guys were laughing at how the fresh player got rid of his hat for the run, but I was thinking…who needs the weight of that batter's helmet? The guy is so young, none of his parts hurt yet. So, he can RUN! Also, he's got lots of hair and had somewhat of an Elvis moment there when he arrived on his base. This is going to be even more fun with Merry Tyler Moore thrown in the mix! When all the players stop having wrinkles, it can mean only one thing…someone else is growing old. heehee (Not me!)
anyone would make a better commish than the one we are dealing with at this time
Of course I have to point out that you had him penciled in for CF, not LF where he made his debut. Thank took another day. ;o)
He shows great promise in this instance captured by MLB: atmlb.com/JWmcmF. But it started with your own insights. Hopefully they will retain him. Gee and it all started with an observation from you. Do you have a crystal ball or are you the most talented scout BB has? Merry Tyler Moore? lol
OK, since you went there Keith– I wanted to see Mary Tyler Moore face Barbara Billingsley.
Page 6 of the July 25, 1951 issue of The Sporting News has a story titled "Yanks See Mantle as '52 DiMag" which talks about his release to the KC farm team. Not front page news, but also not buried as deeply in the 40 pages of baseball news that it could have been.
Looks like Jose Iglesias will be called up for the Red Sox. That seems overdue.
Bryce Harper being called up however, seems about right on schedule if you ask me.
kid has an outstanding arm. gives runners second thoughts bout taking that extra base fer sure.
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LONG BEACH, Calif. — Beachwood Brewing is set to release System Of A Stout, an Imperial Armenian Coffee Stout on May 24.
"System Of A Stout is far different than any other imperial stout I have brewed before," says Beachwood Brewmaster Julian Shrago. "This bold brew allowed us to take a step in a new direction, the flavor and aroma is immediately recognizable."
System Of A Stout is brewed with blackstrap molasses, green cardamom, and a custom Armenian coffee roast blend from Costa Mesa's Portola Coffee Lab®. This big imperial stout is also aged in Armenian brandy oak adding an additional dimension of complexity.
"The first time we brewed this beer it was in such limited quantities and on draft. We're very excited to be able to offer this beer again and look forward to reaching a larger audience with its bottled form", concludes Shrago.
System of the Stout is the second bottled beer collaboration between Beachwood Brewing and Portola Coffee Lab. Beachwood Brewing's first bottled beer Tovarish Russian Imperial Espresso Stout was released in December 2012.
"What we shot for was the flavor essence of [unfiltered] Armenian coffee without the gritty mouth feel," says Portola Owner Jeff Duggan. "This objective led me to the selection of the two [direct trade Brazilian] coffees I chose to custom roast specifically for System Of A Stout."
System of a Stout will be sold in 22 oz. bottles at finer craft beer retailers across Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego counties. The stout will also be available on draft at both Beachwood BBQ locations.


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Stories by Kneazles [2] Series by Kneazles [0] Reviews by Kneazles [6] Challenges by Kneazles [5] Favorite Series [0] Kneazles's Favorites [14]Series
Stories by Kneazles
|The authors own nothing. Joss, UPN, WB, etc. own Buffy, the show, the characters, the places, and the backstory. The authors own any original plots.


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By Packt Publishing | in Online Courses
By Packt Publishing | in Online Courses
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Campus Meal Plan
How the Campus Meal Plan Works
Level Options for 2020-2021
Meal Plan Rates
Dining Commons Meal Prices
Savings with the Meal Plan
Purchasing the Plan
Adjusting Your Meal Plan Level
Manage Your Account
Add Funds to Your Meal Plan
Leftover Funds
Lost or Stolen id+ Card
Terms & Conditions
Designed for students living on campus
- Three levels to choose from for for 2020-2021)
- Cash free purchases with your Penn State id+ Card
- Great value at all-you-care-to-eat locations for off-campus students who eat more than 14 meals a week on campus
How the Campus Meal Plan Works
Each time you visit a dining commons, campus restaurant, or on-campus convenience store, you can use your id+ card to purchase a meal, snack, or beverage.
Five Steps
- Choose a level that is best for you.
- Go to eLiving to purchase a campus meal plan. It will be charged to your student bursar account.
- Funds will be put into your account.
- Use your id+ card to make on-campus purchases.
- After making a purchase, funds will be deducted from your account and the remaining balance will be displayed on the register's screen.
The Meal Plan has Two Costs
- Base cost: This is paid up front for the entire semester and covers non-food costs such as operating the dining commons (i.e. labor, supplies, maintenance, and utilities).
- Dining dollars: This is the amount that can be spent for purchases. Each time you make a purchase, funds will be deducted from your account. The meal plan offers huge savings compared to paying with cash.
Level Options
For 2019-2020, you can select from three plan levels, which vary by the number of dining dollars. The three levels offer an increasing amount of Dining Dollars. Meals per week are estimated, and the actual number of meals purchased by each student will vary.
- How many meals will you eat on campus each week?
- How many meals will be in the dining commons?
- How many meals will be in the retail locations? (i.e. snack bars, coffee shops and convenience stores)
If you have a Housing and Food Service Contract, use our Meal Plan Calculator to help figure out the best meal plan level for you. Undergraduate students living in the residence halls must purchase a meal plan for each semester (fall and spring) as part of the Housing and Food Service Contract.
Meals Per Week
*Rates shown are per semester
|Campus Meal Plan
|Campus Meal Plan Guest
|Children 6-10 years
|Children under 6
Savings with the Meal Plan
With the Campus Meal Plan, you will receive major savings in the dining commons.
- Enjoy a 65 percent discount at the all-you-care-to-eat dining commons.
- Your guests can also enjoy on-campus dining with a 35 percent discount in the all-you-care-to-eat dining commons when you use your id+ card.
- Retail locations offer a 10 percent discount to Campus Meal Plan members on prepared items.
Purchasing the Plan
Students living in the residence halls must purchase the plan with their Housing and Food Service Contract. Students living off campus or in a campus apartment may purchase the plan.
- Choose a level that is best or you.
- Go to eLiving to purchase a campus meal plan. It will be charged to your student bursar account.
- Funds will be put into your account.
- Plans are binding for the semester and balances are nonrefundable.
- Use your id+ card to make on-campus purchases.
- After making a purchase, funds will be deducted from your account and the remaining balance will be displayed on the register's screen.
- Plans cannot be transferred or assigned to another individual.
- Students who withdraw from the University will receive a prorated refund of the base cost.
Adjusting Your Meal Plan Level
eLiving allows you to manage your meal plan account and adjust your meal plan level until the last day of finals.
Manage Your Account
On the id+ card website, you can check your account balance, review your transaction history, or change your Campus Meal Plan level.
You must enter your Penn State Access Account information to authenticate and adjust your meal plan. You will then be able to view and update your account information.
If your funds are running low, you can easily add funds to your existing plan at:
- id+ Online
- Housing and Food Service Office (Senat Hall)
Payment Options:
- Check
- Visa
- MasterCard
Leftover Funds
- If you purchase the meal plan within the first two weeks of spring semester, your leftover dining dollars from fall semester will carry over.
- You may purchase a different level for spring.
- Dining dollars left over from spring semester do not carry over and are forfeited.
- Your summer semester dining dollars carry over to the fall semester if you've purchased the plan for the fall.
- Levels can be changed at anytime until the last day of final exams.
Lost or Stolen id+ Card
If your id+ card has been lost or stolen, deactivate it immediately at the id+ card website or by calling 814-865-7590. Get your new card at the current replacement fee at the Housing and Food Services Office (Senat Hall) during normal business hours.
Terms & Conditions
Campus Meal Plan Refunds
Refunds for unused dining dollars will not be given at the end of the contracted period. Students are encouraged to monitor their dining dollar balance and modify the meal plan level as necessary. Refunds are not given if a student schedules classes that conflict with the meal schedule or who choose not to eat in the dining commons. All unused dining dollars remaining at the time of withdrawal or approved contract release will be credited at face value. A credit will not be given for an account with less than a $5.00 balance.
Semester Charges
The Campus Meal Plan base cost will be credited on a prorated daily refund schedule after the student has received an approved Contract release or officially withdrawals from the University. The refund amount is based on the date of the Contract cancellation. The refund will be applied to the student's Bursar account and will be refunded less any outstanding charges against the account.
Transfer of the Campus Meal Plan to Another Student
The Campus Meal Plan cannot be transferred or assigned to another student. The id+ Card is used as the meal access card and may be used only by the student to whom the card is issued.
Removing Food or Unauthorized Entry into the Dining Commons
When dining in the all-you-care-to-eat locations, the only takeout options are one piece of hand fruit (apple, orange, or banana) and one ice cream cone. Removing additional food or beverages, dishes, or silverware from the dining room or entering the dining commons without paying for the meal will be considered theft. Theft in the dining commons is a serious issue that will result in disciplinary action by the Office of Residence Life, the Office of Student Conduct and/or Police Services. Further repercussions could include cancellation of the contract. Housing and Food Services reserves the right ot examine customers' backpacks or bags when they exit the dining commons. Acts of horseplay, food fights, and inline skates are prohibited. If a student violates this policy, he or she will be subject to disciplinary action.


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March 28, 2017
Regulatory Notices
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Lawyer Referral Service
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