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One of the biggest questions facing both defendants and the RIAA in the record labels' legal campaign against P2P users is whether making a file available for download over a P2P network equates to distribution as defined under the Copyright Act. In a long-awaited ruling, a federal judge essentially validated the RIAA's position that having songs available in a KaZaA shared folder violates the distribution right under the Copyright Act.
The ruling came in response to Denise Barker's motion to dismiss a copyright infringement lawsuit brought against her in 2005. In denying the motion to dismiss, Judge Kenneth M. Karas sided with the RIAA's contention that merely offering a song for distribution is sufficient to infringe on the record labels' distribution right. "Having a file in a shared folder is enough to violate the law," EFF staff attorney Fred von Lohmann told Ars. (The EFF had filed an amicus curiae brief in the case.)
What's significant about the decision in Elektra v. Barker is that it is one of only two or three cases where the judge has heard arguments, been fully briefed, and asked to rule on this particular issue. There have been a handful of other rulings on the issue, but Judge Karas' ruling "represents the most extensive and serious treatment" of the issue, according to von Lohmann.
In his decision, Judge Karas focused on the "publication" right enumerated in the Copyright Act. "However, while the statute does not define 'distribute' or 'distribution,' it does define the term 'publication,'" wrote the judge in his decision. "The question before the Court, therefore, is whether the Court should look to the definition of the word 'publication' to construe the meaning of the term 'distribute' in Section 106(3) of the Copyright Act."
His conclusion is that Congress considered the two terms to be synonymous when it enacted the Copyright Act. "Although Plaintiffs have not adequately alleged that Defendant 'offer[ed] to distribute [Plaintiffs' copyrighted works]... for the purposes of further distribution,' Defendant's Motion still fails because Plaintiffs have adequately alleged that, in addition to making Plaintiffs' works available, Defendant distributed Plaintiffs' copyrighted works."
So even if the RIAA can't argue that making music in a shared P2P folder available is distribution, it does mean that the labels can allege that dropping songs into a KaZaA share is making an offer to distribute.
Von Lohmann called the decision well-reasoned, but unfortunate. "I understand how the court went wrong and the unfortunate result," he told Ars. "And he admits that his decision is not without disagreement; he understands the contours of the issue. But clearly, he really engaged the subject and read all of the law."
Ray Beckerman, who is representing Barker, called the ruling a mixed bag. "We're gratified to see the court reject the making available theory and disappointed to see that he didn't throw out the case altogether," he told Ars. "I think the ruling had some positive aspects to it and was also flawed." (Beckerman broke the story and the decision is available from his site.)
The RIAA is pleased with the ruling. "As we expected, the court rejected the defendant's motion to dismiss and is allowing this case to proceed," RIAA spokesperson Cara Duckworth told Ars. "The court also agreed with the record companies that merely offering to distribute copies for the purposes of further distribution—even without an actual dissemination—can violate the distribution right."
There's at least one other case where a judge is expected to rule on the making available issue. The RIAA has a motion for summary judgment pending in Atlantic v. Howell, which was filed in 2006 and the EFF filed a brief opposing the RIAA's position in that case in January, with von Lohmann arguing the EFF's position in early March.
In the short term, today's ruling nudges Elektra v. Barker closer to a trial, unless she decides to settle or the RIAA drops its case for some unforeseen reason. Longer-term, von Lohmann sees some real problems arising from Judge Karas' decision. "I think the problem here is that it greases the wheels of the RIAA's litigation machine," von Lohmann said. "The RIAA's goal is to get from complaint to judgment as quickly as possible. So far the evidence that they have been able to cheaply amass is the shared folder, and if that's all you need to prove copyright infringement, then it's very, very easy for the RIAA to generate victories against large numbers of people."


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Busy Philipps's Style on Cougar Town
Cougar Town Style: Laurie Keller
In this scene from the seventh episode of Cougar Town, Laurie Keller proves that she has the most eclectic style of all her female costars. To showcase this, she takes a tie-dye dress and adds a few mismatched accessories like gold-hoop earrings, a silver-and-black pendant necklace, and an elastic bracelet. Shop all of these similar items to achieve your own dynamic look.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
@vpa_axisYes, that's intended. One can not do device assigment of the device which is in shared group of which you are not the owner.
thank you I will await the outcome of the new release eagerly
Hi _Andreas_,
tnx for your IoT-Modul.
When i installed it a few weeks ago on a DS218 plus, it ran smoothly.
Now i installed it on a DS1817 plus, i could not log in. Even the previously problem-free running DS218 plus did not allow login anymore. Teamviewer Version is 13.2.14327.
Can you help please? The Message is shown in the picture.
Thank you very much!
Hi @SynoFreak36
Could you please tell us your windows version as we are not able to reproduce it?
Hello All TeamViewer Users,
Today, new TeamViewer package has been released for Synology. This package includes:
Yes, now you can access Synology terminal via TeamViewer. In order to use this feature, you require minimum TeamViewer 13.2 version.
Please download and update your Synology's TeamViewer package.
Enjoy :)
Hi Digon,
WIndows Version is Windows 7 Ultimate, all MS patches installed, German.
With the new version I can log in again (on DS1817 plus, DS218 plus I test tomorrow). However, Remote Terminal Mode does not work. He hangs when logging in like the old version.
Well, because I am so again, so "thank you".
Good Morning,
DS218 plus tested - both login methods work!
If now access from the Galaxy S7 works, I would be happy :-)
Hi @SynoFreak36
Good to know that it works.
Could you elaborate "Remote Terminal Mode does not work"? What exactly is problem/not working?
Hi @arpitjindaltnx for your quick response.
>>What exactly is problem/not working?
Please look again at my picture in one of the last posts. The login attempt looks exactly like this. After the message "processing is running, please wait ..." nothing happens (even after several minutes).
Login without "Remote Terminal Mode" works as expected.
If it helps them and is technically possible, you could use a TeamViewer session to look at one of my computers and from there look at the login to Synology itself. However, that will be the day after tomorrow at the earliest. Then you could see what happens or not ...
Greetings from Berlin
I purchased a Buffalo TeraStation and a Q-NAP NAS in the last year. I would have gone with Synology had I known this was in the works.
Are there any other device or brand names we should be looking at? Other hardware types?
I'm looking at 48 port POE switches. Should I wait a little while?:smileywink:
HI @Chiron
At the moment, there are no other devices, in the pipeline, to support.
If we get enough request for the support of any other device then maybe we will add support in next year.
I should have been a lucky guy, I could easily install the package on my DS414, and thought that this was a good opportunity to use my new TeamViewer business subscription for accessing my NAS.
But I must have been an unlucky guy because TeamViewer said that my subscription (270-280 EUR / yr) was not eligible to access my new mobile (!) device, and additional package (240-250 EUR / yr) schould cover this demand.
Is my NAS acually a mobile device?
Hi @lotht
Thanks for the information. I will check it on my side and will let you know by the end of the week or next week. It should be accessible from every subscription.
Could you tell me which TeamViewer windows version are you using?
Hi @arpitjindal,
Did you find out something about the licensing requirements of the NAS access?
Thank you,
Hi @lotht
Yes. We have found the problem and trying to fix it at the moment. Unfortunately, you have to wait for some time. I will update you when its being done.
Can you kindly take me through the steps for Wake on Wide Area Network. I want to wake machines remotely
Actually I'm a bit far from this solution. Actually I have installed the client on my NAS and my actual subcription license prevents me from accessing the device. As far as I'm aware, TW is working on the solution to provide access, the wake-on LAN problem comes then.
Hi @Misheck
Wake on LAN is not supported in the solution.
Hi @lotht
As I said earlier, we have identified as why you are facing the problem with your subscription license. We are working on it.
I didn't get whats with "Wake-On-LAN" problem you are facing. Just for the information, we don't support Wake-On LAN in IoT at the moment.
Hi, the Wake-On-Lan was not my problem. It was asked by someone else.
I installed the package on my DS412+. I got it running, but my ID and password remain empty. Any suggestions? Am I doing something wrong here?
I have added the Synology into the list by "Add remote computer", but when i make it to "assign to account", it prompt the window as this picture,
[The URL link has been removed by a moderator according to the community guidlines]
But i have signed in my teamviewer account, the ID and the assigned password,
Now I'm using the teamviewer with the version 13.2.14327
Hi @shiyiii
Unfortunately, hyperlinks are automatically removed, can you upload the screenshot to your post, so we can see the error message prompted?
You have to enter the password shown in the Synology's TeamViewer GUI in the prompted password box.
Access the Synology device and open TeamViewer app. In that, it will display the TeamViewer ID and password. Copy the password or take a note of the password and enter it in the prompted displayed box.
any update by when the solution will be available for MAC OS X and Android, so that we can use it to connect to DSM ?
Unfortunately, TeamViewer 14 will not support this feature on macOS or Android. We have it on our roadmap, but I cannot give a definitive date, yet.
Do you want/need beta test sites? I know of a volunteer....
It seems that. although on Intel Celeron J3455, DS 918+ is not yet supported by any spk's I've found here. Will there be a release available for this chipset?
Hi @EgbertB
Have you tried amd64 package? That should work on DS918+
Thx, this works! AMD was the only package I did not try as I assumed it would not work since AMD and Intel are competitors.... ;-)..!
Running on my DS 916+ but finally not working on DS 214 Play (Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU CE5335) as reported by other users.
Hi @mitri2
Could you please be more specific about the problem? What is not working?
Any news/solution about the licensing problem (new mobile license) ?
Anyone got it running on DS218+?
My config:
DS218+ , Windows 10, TW 13.2.26558
Hello @romain49
You should no longer see the message that a mobile license is required in order to connect to your Synology Disk Station. Can you verify on your end and provide a feedback?
I wan't use teamviewer on dockey DSM synology or virtual DSM of synology, but the password was not reconised by teamviewer app.
The password generate on app on synology could be not good.
Thanks to reply
Dear gautrand!
Please make sure the device is assigned to your account. As stated with the password, it cannot be used to connect to the DS directly, you can only use it to assign it to your account.
anybody sucessfully tried with DS3617xs ?
kind regards
ps: works perfect with DS1817, DS916+, DS214+
Hi Thomas
What exactly are you facing the problem with DS3617xs?
And about the model you mentioned, DS1817. It it DS1817 or DS1817+?
thank you for your fast reply!
it is a DS1817+
Problem with the DS3617xs: it is not possible to install the pkg on the disk-station (of course all settings like 'trust other sources' are set).
kind regards
failure message DS 3617xs: package not supported on disk station or DSM is not latest version
@rttm wrote:
thank you for your fast reply!
it is a DS1817+
Problem with the DS3617xs: it is not possible to install the pkg on the disk-station (of course all settings like 'trust other sources' are set).
kind regards
Hi Thomas
What error are you getting while installing? And which package are you using? And whats the Synology DSM version?
error: packet not supported on platform of disk station or not latest dsm version (not true ... latest version installed)
teamviewer 1.1.1227 aarch64.pkg
You have to take amd64 package. aarch64 is arm64
thx you - will try!
Thank you - amd package is WORKING on DS3617xs
kindest regards
i used teamviewer with DS1817+ and DS1815+, all it's working.
But the probleme is only when i used virtual dsm or doker dsm. the password is not reconised!!


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How Long Will Fed Chief Bernanke Lead Federal Reserve?
President Obama's administration has left many top jobs unfilled. As we've reported on this program, the administration has been slow to find candidates, and Senate Republicans have resisted confirming many of them. But there's one top job so vital it is hard to imagine leaving it open. The second term of Ben Bernanke expires in January. The chairman of the Federal Reserve led the Feds through the financial crisis and oversaw massive interventions in the nation's economy. The White House is already looking for replacements, so the Senate will have some time to consider President Obama's nominee once it's announced - once he's announced or she is announced.
David Wessel wrote a book on the Fed. He's economics editor of The Wall Street Journal.
David, welcome back to the program.
DAVID WESSEL: Good morning, Steve.
INSKEEP: Could Bernanke's replacement be Bernanke - just appoint him again?
WESSEL: Well, legally, yes. His predecessor, Alan Greenspan, held the job for nearly 19 years. But Mr. Bernanke has given no indication that he wants another term -eight years is enough - especially, given what he's been through, so there's already lots of speculation, as you suggest, in the press, the markets, even inside the Fed itself - about whom is on President Obam's shortlist.
INSKEEP: Well, let me just ask about one thing, David Wessel. We focus on personalities in the media, they are easy to grasp; we can personalize the Fed through Ben Bernanke, but it's an institution. Does it really matter who succeeds him?
WESSEL: Well, you're right. It's a big institution. There are seven Fed governors in Washington. There's the president of the 12 regional Federal Reserve banks. The Fed has close to 300 Ph.D. economists, and that's just in Washington alone. It's definitely not a one person show. But history - recent history in particular - suggests that the chairman has an extraordinary amount of influence, probably more than, say, the chief justice does at the Supreme Court. And especially when there are hard calls to make - and there have been a lot of those in the last few years - the chairman voice is much louder than any others. So the answer to your question is yes, it does really matter.
INSKEEP: And then let's remember, this is a guy whose job is set up so that he can be free of political influence. Maybe he's not totally free of political influence in reality, but he is an independent figure.
WESSEL: Right. He doesn't have to go to Congress to get permission to do things. And he doesn't need Congress's approval to spend money or to print a lot of it.
INSKEEP: So how will the job be different for Bernanke's successor than it was for Ben Bernanke these last several years?
WESSEL: Well, I think the biggest difference is that he spent most of his tenure pushing on the Fed's gas pedal, cutting interest rates, putting a lot of money into the economy. And his successor will almost surely have to do the opposite - move off the gas pedal to the brake. And that'll probably come sometime in the four-year term in the next chairman.
INSKEEP: Hmm. And is it very obvious who the person pressing on the brake might be?
WESSEL: It's not very obvious, but there are the insiders, Janet Yellen, the vice chairman, Bill Dudley at the New York Fed. Their alumni like Roger Ferguson and Don Kohn, both of whom are past vice chairman. And there the former Treasury Secretaries, Larry Summers, now back at Harvard; Tim Geithner, who was at the New York Fed before he became a Treasury Secretary. They're all on the list.
INSKEEP: And who's the favorite?
WESSEL: Well, we at The Wall Street Journal did a poll of economic forecasters, and we found that 75 percent of them expect Mr. Obama to pick Janet Yellen. She's a meticulous economist who talks a lot about the pain of unemployment. She's been at various posts at the Fed in Washington and in San Francisco for 12 of the past 19 years. So she's who the markets and the press and the politicians expect to be chosen. But Larry Summers and Tim Geithner are both closer to the White House inner circle, and the White House isn't saying much - in fact, they're saying very little - about the selection process. So although she's the favorite, a lot of that is based on people on the outside looking in.
INSKEEP: Janet Yellen, a woman at the Fed, that would be just below a woman as president, I would think, in terms of the impact.
WESSEL: Well, it certainly would be a real change and one of those milestones that President Obama sometimes likes to make. And she has the virtue of being eminently qualified. She has a Ph.D. from Yale. She was a protege of Jim Tobin, the former advisor to Kennedy and Johnson, so that's a real possibility.
INSKEEP: OK. David Wessel of The Wall Street Journal.
WESSEL: Thank you. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
THE SPORTS DOCTOR- Two short weeks? NFL uber-season an injury-maker
We could see more of this...
Flickr/Monica's Dad
Two little weeks, a fortnight, as it were. If you've ever read any Dickens, Austen, Thackeray, Brontë, or other British novelists, you've no doubt overdosed on the word "fortnight." It's a great word, though, one I wish Benjamin Franklin and Noah Webster hadn't made their business to banish from the 13 colonies.
"Fortnight" implies so much more than does "two weeks"! When it comes to portending doom and gloom, the über-American "two weeks" doesn't hold a candle to the Queen's English.
While the NFL and the Players Association scramble to patch together a new collective bargaining agreement before the existing one expires in March, one sticking point keeps making the news: the proposed regular season expansion. As it stands now, an NFL regular season is 16 games, with four pre-season games thrown in for measure (the consensus is there's not much good about it).
The NFL wants to change that, but the players not so much; the players are well aware that the NFL is talking about a fortnight, not two weeks.
Tack two extra weeks onto any exhausting, tense, and conflict-packed situation, and what do you get? If you're Ronnie and Sammi, you break up a few hundred times, bash some heads, and maybe get arrested, all while drinking daiquiris in a hot tub.
But if you're Pittsburgh Steelers safety Troy Palomalu and have already spent 16 weeks working your 5'10, 207-pound body like John Henry, two more weeks of football can turn into a doomy and gloomy fortnight right quick.
Math is not my forte, but it doesn't take a whiz to figure out that adding two games to the NFL's regular season increases a player's probability of being injured by quite a margin. NFL statistics reveal that an average of three players per team are injured every game, so two more games means 190 more injured players each season (it took me a while to figure that out). There's no question the NFL must feel pretty secure to even suggest such a thing. And they do.
If ever a sports union was sitting in the catbird seat, it's the NFL. Football has been number-one Sunday night viewing for the entire season, and according to Forbes, viewer numbers for "The NFL on CBS" are the highest in 23 years. Evidently, that's not good enough. Blinded by the siren song of hard cash, the NFL is effectively slaughtering their goose for a fortnight's worth of golden eggs.
I want to take NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell and every team owner by the shoulders and give then a good shake, "Are you crazy, man? Concussions are up 21 percent this season!" And those are just brains.
Does anybody remember how great the Cincinnati Bengals were last year? They were a playoff team! This year they went 4-12. Perhaps the season-ending injuries sustained by three of their key players had something to do with it.
The closest I've ever come to playing professional football was being pummeled by my brother in the backyard, and that was pretty brutal. I've heard that playing professional football is like being hit by a car, and I have done that. The thought of being hit by a car for 16 weeks straight makes me sick; 18 weeks makes me want to cry.
Forget that garbage about dropping two preseason games and making camp easier. First-stringers don't play in preseason games anyway, and their training camp is not the same training camp the third-stringers know.
I love football, but like former NFL player Chris Collinsworth said, "I'd be less than honest if I said I didn't have my doubts as to whether my children should be playing."
Despite new its new rules, the NFL promotes more hard hits and bone-crushing tackles than ever, short- and long-term effects be damned, especially when it comes to star players. Tight ends and running backs and tackles may have never read Thackeray or Austen, but they sure as heck know a fortnight when they see one.
And boy, oh boy, do they see one.
Juanita Giles lives on a farm in Charlotte County with her husband, son and many dogs.


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Ever since ASUS came out with the first Android tablet, the company exclusively used NVIDIA Tegra chips. Things are changing with the upcoming Full HD version of Transformer Prime, the TF700T.
On a leaked slide published on a polish website Tabletowo.pl, the details of ASUS Transformer Prime Full HD leaked out – the new name is Transformer FHD TF700T. The biggest surprise with the 1920×1200 pixel resolution tablet is that it is powered not by NVIDIA Tegra 3, but rather Qualcomm's APQ8060A dual-core processor, clocked at 1.5GHz.
It is obvious that ASUS needed 2.4GB/s of video bandwidth and Tegra 3 was unable to provide that much, since the T30 SOC still comes with a single-channel memory controller. Qualcomm APQ8060A is an S4 series processor based of two Krait cores clocked between 1.5 and 1.7GHz, has a dual-channel memory controller for 500MHz LPDDR2 memory, and most importantly for a tablet with such high resolution – Adreno 225 graphics processor.
Adreno 225 is capable of driving 125 million triangles per second and can drive the 1080p video at 30 frames per second. The rest of the specs are all very interesting, especially when you compare the TF700T to a flagship Tegra tablet, the TF201.
Also about to be announced is Transformer TF300T, which is the cheaper version of everpresent Transformer Prime (TF201), featuring a regular IPS panel and only 16GB of NAND Flash memory. However, the impressive part is that this will be the first tablet with the DDR3L memory clocked at 1066MHz.
All will be revealed where else but at – Mobile World Congress 2012 taking place in at the end of February in Barcelona, Spain.


text:
Preparation time : 8 Minutes
Cooking time : 40 Minutes
Vegetable Cooking Spray
1 cup chopped onion
3 cloves garlic, minced
1 cup water
½ cup diced green bell pepper
2 tablespoons chili powder
1½ teaspoons ground cumin
2 (14½-ounce) cans no-salt-added, stewed tomatoes, undrained
1 (15-ounce) can red kidney beans, drained
1 (15-ounce) can garbanzo beans, drained
¼ cup nonfat sour cream alternative
Coat a Dutch oven with cooking spray, plave over medium heat until hot. Add water and next 6 ingredients, bring to a boil. Reduce heat, simmer, uncovered, 30 minutes. Ladle into individual soup bowls, top with sour cream. Yield: 1½ quarts (serving size: 1½cups chili and 1 tablespoon sour cream)


text:
Judge voids vote to allow liquor sales in Barling
A Sebastian County judge has voided the election results that approved the sale of liquor in Barling.
The Southwest Times reports (http://bit.ly/127mP7q ) that Circuit Judge Steve Tabor ruled Tuesday that Arkansas law and state Supreme Court precedent are clear that when a county or district votes to prohibit liquor sales - then no portion of that county or district may hold a local option election.
Booneville attorney Erik Danielson challenged the Nov. 6 election in which Barling voters approved liquor sales by a nearly two-to-one margin.
Danielson said that because the entire southern district of Sebastian County had banned liquor sales in 1944 - then state law requires the entire district to vote on whether a single city can allow liquor sales and Tabor agreed.


text:
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text:
A video from Emory University's Yerkes National Primate Research Center explains how chimpanzees were tested on their preference for fair outcomes when it comes to sharing goodies.
By Alan Boyle
Primate researchers in Georgia have laid out what they say is the best laboratory evidence yet that chimpanzees have a human-style sense of fairness. Other researchers, however, say the study is flawed ? and they're sticking to their view that fairness may be a uniquely human characteristic.
The debate focuses on a key question about human evolution: How long ago did our ancestors acquire what Abraham Lincoln called the "better angels of our nature"? These angelic traits ??such as altruism, empathy and fairness ??manifest themselves in behaviors that can run counter to our own self-interest.
The latest research, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, argues that a sense of fair play may have arisen millions of years ago, before our ancestors split off from the evolutionary line leading to other primates.?The study's principal author, Darby Proctor of Emory University's Yerkes National Primate Research Center in Atlanta, told NBC News that the research "opens up the door for exploring the evolutionary roots of fairness in non-human animals."
"We've concluded that chimpanzees not only get very close to the human sense of fairness, but the animals may actually have exactly the same preferences as our own species," co-author Frans de Waal, director of Emory's Living Links Center, said in a university news release.
However, the Emory group's findings run counter to what other researchers have found in their own experiments over the past few years. One of the researchers behind those earlier studies, Keith Jensen of the University of Manchester, has said "our sense of fairness is a derived trait and may be unique to the human race."
Today, Jensen said he and his colleagues had serious reservations about the latest experiment.?"I was excited to see a replication of our ultimatum game studies, seven years on, but was disappointed by the results," he told NBC News in an email.
How the experiment was run
The "ultimatum game" is a key concept in all these studies: The concept refers to an arrangement in which one player makes a proposal to another player to split up a reward. For example, a parent may offer six stickers to a little girl, on the condition that she divides the treasure with her brother. A researcher may offer six banana slices to a chimp, on the condition that it divides the goodies with another chimp.
Emory University
Researchers report that chimpanzees can change their strategy for dividing goodies, based on whether or not the chimps they're sharing with have any say over the deal.
If the shares are totally determined by the little girl, or the first chimp, their offer to the partner tends to be as low as possible. That's what's known as the "dictator game." But if the other partner has the power to veto a deal, it gets more complex. Make too low of an offer, and the partner might reject the proposition out of spite ? even though the result is that no one gets a reward. That's the "ultimatum game."
The Georgia researchers ran a variety of games using tokens that could be traded for either equal or unequal shares of stickers (for 20 human children, ranging in age from 2 to 7) and bananas (for six adult chimpanzees). The researchers found that the results of the game were similar for the two groups.
If the one offering the goodies was in full control of the split, that individual kept the lion's share of the goodies. The results were different if the two partners had to agree on the split, however.?"Humans typically offer generous portions, such as 50 percent of the reward, to their partners, and that's exactly what we recorded in our study with chimpanzees," Proctor said.
How the debate is playing out
Some questions surround the study: The second partner in the ultimatum game always accepted the offer of a split, whether it was equal or unequal. That applied to the kids as well as the chimps. Such behavior might suggest that the recipients would be happy with whatever they got, and didn't care about the fairness of the deal.
In Jensen's eyes, the fact that none of the chimps turned down an unequal split is a "fatal flaw."
"The ultimatum game hinges on the responder," Jensen said. "If the responder didn't understand the option of refusing, I would simply say the study did not work." Similarly, the children involved in the study may have been too young to understand that they could turn down an unfair deal ? something that Proctor and her colleagues admit in their study.
They did report, however, that both the chimps and the children occasionally expressed displeasure about an unequal division. For the kids, it was voiced in complaints such as "You got more than me!" For the chimps, it took the form of spitting water at their selfish partner, or hitting a barrier between their cages.
Proctor and her colleagues cite other studies to back up their claim that chimps are sensitive to unfairness?? such as?anecdotal, non-experimental reports of chimps negotiating over the division of meat, or leafy branches.?But such reports aren't yet rigorous enough to resolve the debate.
Proctor acknowledged that more research will be required to get a firmer grasp on the better angels of a chimpanzee's nature.?"We can't be sure what all was going on between the chimps," Proctor said. "That's something we'd really like to explore in the future ? how much communication is necessary to convey something to another chimp."
More about the better angels of animal nature:
In addition to Proctor and de Waal, the authors of "Chimpanzees Play the Ultimatum Game" include Rebecca Williamson and Sarah Brosnan.
Alan Boyle is NBCNews.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the log's?Facebook page, following?@b0yle on Twitter?and adding the?Cosmic Log page?to your Google+ presence. To keep up with Cosmic Log as well as NBCNews.com's other stories about science and space, sign up for the Tech & Science newsletter, delivered to your email in-box every weekday. You can also check out?"The Case for Pluto,"?my book about the controversial dwarf planet and the search for new worlds.
Source: http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/01/14/16508452-do-chimps-have-a-sense-of-fair-play-study-adds-to-evolutionary-debate?lite
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TALLAHASSEE — The Miami Dolphins brought their big guns to Tallahassee on Monday, hoping to persuade the fickle Florida Legislature to approve a taxpayer-supported stadium upgrade in the final days of this year's session.
In meetings Monday with top state lawmakers, National Football League Commissioner Roger Goodell, team owner Stephen Ross and team CEO Mike Dee made their last-minute pitch, pressing them to support an upgrade of Sun Life Stadium.
By day's end, the NFL firepower succeeded — at least with Legislature's upper chamber. The Senate approved a sports team bill in the equivalent of a legislative rout, 35-4 vote. The only no votes: Sens. Rene Garcia, R-Hialeah, Anitere Flores, R-Miami, John Legg, R-Lutz, and Senate President Don Gaetz, R-Niceville.
Despite the big victory, the Dolphins still face major hurdles in Tallahassee, where the House must approve a sports package before the full Legislature officially adjourns on Friday. Gov. Rick Scott also must sign off on the legislation.
House Speaker Will Weatherford has expressed concerns about the Senate bill, which offers up to $13 million annually in new tax breaks for sports teams.
Goodell, following his meeting with the governor, said final approval by Scott and the Legislature, along with Miami-Dade voters, would "send a strong message" to NFL owners, who meet next month to decide the host cities for upcoming Super Bowls. Goodell warned, however, he could not guarantee Miami would land a Super Bowl even if the May 14 stadium referendum passes.
"Let the voters vote and decide," Ross said in an interview outside the Weatherford's office. "This is a tremendous economic impact to Miami-Dade County and we're just asking to allow the voters to vote," he said.
In Miami-Dade, voting was already underway on Monday on the first day of early voting. Actual voters, however, were few and far between as only 1,531 cast ballots at 20 polling stations from Florida City to Miami. Many more voters — nearly 13,000 — returned absentee ballots to the county's elections department in Doral.
"We remain optimistic and confident," Dolphins campaign spokesman Eric Jotkoff said.
In all, about 184,000 voters had requested absentee ballots. The deadline to request absentee ballots is May 8. Miami-Dade has 1.27 million registered voters.
Some voters received absentee ballots because they automatically requested them for the next two general elections after last November's presidential election. Others learned of them through info sessions the Dolphins had with the community, or postcards the team sent during its lobbying frenzy the past few weeks.
The Dolphins could receive up to $289 million from increasing the hotel tax and from a $90 million state sales tax subsidy, both over 30 years. The football club has agreed to refund the county up to $120 million and the state $47 million when the contract term expires in 30 years.
Ross has guaranteed several Super Bowls, college football championship title games, and international soccer matches here if the referendum passes. If the events don't take place as promised he has agreed to pay substantial financial penalties to the county.
As the polls opened Monday, the first sign of an opposition campaign against the publicly funded renovation plan was taking shape.
Over the weekend, Miami political consultant David Custin's DRC Consulting firm began robocalls to 160,000 potential voters, urging them to vote "no."
Custin said the calls in English and Spanish opposing the proposed renovation will continue over the next few days.
He said he's financing the robocalls because the Dolphins were campaigning "unfettered" for an off-year election that will likely result in low voter turnout.
Opponents of the renovations — particularly Miami auto magnate Norman Braman — have decided to lobby state lawmakers against the deal rather then fund a political campaign through media outlets. The Dolphins have reported raising $1 million for their outreach efforts, from Ross's stadium coffers.
Even as the sides ratcheted up their campaigns, in-person early voting on Monday's first day was abysmal to slim at most polling stations, which opened at 7 a.m., and were closed by 3 p.m.
Jackie Lane, 50, a cook at the Miami Beach Convention Center, said she trekked downtown specifically to vote.
"I'm against it. There are enough things private citizens have to pay for. We did enough for the Marlins," she said.
One woman at County Hall who declined to give her name said she voted in favor of the renovation because it will improve her life.
"I intend to go there and get a part-time job," she said.
Only 36 people voted at Hialeah's John F. Kennedy Library. One of them, Matilde Moran, 58, said the stadium should be renovated because of the expected economic impact.
"I believe it will bring more events here," she said.
Chicago Bears fan and North Miami Beach resident Roberta Rootberg, 68, voted with 191 others at the North Miami Public Library. She's in favor of the makeover because "a lot of people think they're paying for it, but they are not." She said Sun Life needs an upgrade "to be competitive."
Though the majority of the money would come from increasing tourist taxes, the funds are public money that could be spent on other revenue producers like a badly-needed new convention center in Miami Beach. Another chunk, $3 million a year that would come from a sales tax rebate, could be used for anything from maintaining schools to hiring police officers.
Lemon City only had 31 all day. Only 30 people voted at Aventura City Hall, 34 at the North Shore Branch Library, and 59 at Miami Beach City Hall.
Carlos Duarte, a 65-year old retiree who lives in South Beach, was one of the 59 voters at City Hall Monday. He voted against the deal because he wasn't reassured by politicians' promises that this deal would be different than the Marlins deal. He said he's also against using public money for private construction.
"I don't believe much in the promises of politicians," Duarte said. "We already saw what happened with the stadium in Little Havana."
Miami Herald staff writers Melissa Caceres, Barbara Corbellini Duarte, Joey Flechas, Patricia Mazzei, Christina Veiga and Marc Caputo contributed to this report.


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Interview: Nuearth Kitchen
24 Mar 2015 — Evelyn Malinowski
Split between Seattle and Los Angeles, Nuearth Kitchen appeals to a special type of joviality. Jeremy Grant and Cody Morrison combine their acutely complementary tastes to inform a discography that inspires harmless wildness, urban flare, and a well-rounded thirst for rhythm. As their seedling label Nuearth Conservatory prepares for blossoming, NEK is likewise gearing up for further ripening with the third solo release from Jon McMillion, polished off with remixes from Orson Wells and Fred P.
Submitting to the housey yet devoutly underground charms of NEK, I got in touch with Cody and Jeremy to try and understand where they are coming from a little better. Here's how it went.Read more →
You are forthright about being split between Seattle and Los Angeles. Were you guys ever in the same place?
Cody: Yes, when the label was started we were both in Seattle. Jeremy had a job opportunity in Los Angeles a couple years ago so we've been doing the long distance thing since. We can certainly make it work while living in separate cities, but we're both looking forward to running the label while living in the same city again.
Jeremy: Yes, we've lived within only a couple of miles of each other for most of the time we've known each other. We're both originally Seattle dudes. Living in Los Angeles has only been a thing of the past couple years, and we've been able to make things work quite fluidly since.
Do your respective locations, or a combination thereof, inform the label's aesthetic at all?
Cody: Great question. Sorry for being too broad or vague, but I feel like our aesthetic is informed by everything around us. So yes, I would say our locations do inform our aesthetic. We travel quite a bit as well, so our travels, and most importantly the experiences of the artists we feature, factor most prominently into our aesthetic.
Jeremy: There's a good amount of that to a certain extent, but both of us get exposed to a lot beyond the cities we live in, so most of the decisions we get to make are a culmination of more than that.
What more can you expose about the NEK style?
Cody: We're intrigued by interesting music and sound and the way that those can open themselves up to you differently depending on the environment where you're listening.
Jeremy: The whole gist is just to provide a versatile selection of upbeat and left-field dance music.
Funk and world music can be sensed in some of these releases. What are your earliest influences, and do they include George Clinton at all?
Cody: I was a product of the '70s, so my folks were really into groups like Crosby, Stills and Nash, Steely Dan, Santana, Black Sabbath, Traffic, JJ Cale, The Cars, Fleetwood Mac, The Doobie Brothers, etc...When I was old enough to start buying music on my own I got infatuated with what I was seeing on shows like Yo! MTV Raps, Headbangers Ball and 120 Minutes on MTV. I was raised in a very rural part of Washington State, so most of those sounds and that culture was brand new to me. I was hooked instantly. Buying Straight Out of Compton without a parental guardian at the local record store was a crowning achievement in my middle school years. Once I got deeper into hip hop, it was natural for me to explore where all the samples came from...and that's certainly where George Clinton, P-Funk, James Brown, and many other funky artists come in.
Jeremy: Not George Clinton specifically. There's no aim to go after a particular sound. It's more what cool sounds are being made by artists we respect and like working with end up being the foundation of the label catalog.
What contemporary labels and artists excite you?
Cody: There are so many labels and artists that excite me right now it's hard to answer that. I go through phases where I'll be infatuated with certain genres and listen to nothing but that. For dance music, I recently went through a big NYC house and techno kick and I've been really loving what Joey Anderson, Levon Vincent, DJ Qu, Jus-Ed, and Anthony Parasole continue to put out. Those cats are so consistent and they're great in the studio as producers or DJ'ing at the club, which isn't easy. This isn't a recent development but I really dig the stuff coming out of the Comeme label, especially people like Christian S, DJs Pareja, and Lena Williikens. Also really feeling the Mood Hut crew up in Vancouver lately as well. We also have a sister label to Nuearth Kitchen called Nuearth Conservatory that focuses on Balearic and New Age-ish type stuff. We've gotten some material from Tommy Awards that we're going to be putting out later this year that is stellar. Really excited about that one.
Jeremy: Aficionado, Honest Jons, Into the Light, Emotional Response/Rescue, Deek, the Test Pressing podcasts, Music From Memory, Anthony Naples, Migos, Rae Sremmurd, Ruffmercy, and Trilogy Tapes for the art direction, et al.
Glad you brought up Nuearth Conservatory. Can you tell me more about the imprint? Why do you guys feel that Balearic and ambient material needs to be released on a sibling label, in other words categorized differently?
Cody: We wanted both of the entities to be unique to each other and the type of music represented on each label. Even though there are certainly songs on Nuearth Kitchen that contain some ambient or at least non-dance music, I think it's nice for each label to have its own focus.
Jeremy: Nuearth Conservatory is simply another vehicle, one where the music vibrates at a different frequency. NEK has one message, and NEC, the other. They're both planets in the same universe, but I think it's much more effective to allow people to experience the differing music on different platforms, rather than putting it all in the same place.
Do you ever host NEK showcases?
Cody: We hosted a NEK showcase a few years ago, and I'm open to doing it again if the stars align. I am very active as a promoter here in Seattle and we've hosted many artists that have contributed to NEK over the years (DJ Sprinkles, Fred-P, Juju & Jordash, Jon McMillion) and we'll continue to do so, but we're long overdue for another proper label night.
Jeremy: We used to do things like this, but it's a lot more fun and interesting to be able to throw shows that aren't tied to any specific theme or musical end.
What do your own personal artistries look like?
Cody: I haven't gone down the production rabbit hole yet, so I'm just continuing to play records with my friends. I'm opening for Joey Anderson and Oliver Hafenbauer while they're here in Seattle in April, so I'm excited about that.
Jeremy: I'm a graphic designer (I wouldn't say an artist), and with that world comes an immense amount of exploration and experimentation. I'm ingesting and creating stuff all the time. I collect music and DJ quite a bit, but not out in public anymore. I make a lot of mixtapes for all sorts of projects that end up being housed online, like the Origin Peoples project I do with my friend Shawn.
What's the future of NEK looking like?
Cody: It's hard for me to say what the future looks like for us. We've never really discussed goals or big picture plans. As long as the releases are sustainable while still being interesting, I'm content. We both have day jobs, so the label is nice creative escape for us that we'd like to keep rolling for a while.
Jeremy: No particular agenda. A few more releases are coming out this summer on NEK's sister label Nuearth Conservatory, but after that we're just taking things as they come.


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Arizona tribe seeks artifacts up for auction
An Arizona tribe is asking a Paris auction house to cancel its upcoming sale of dozens of items central to the tribe's religious practices and return them to their original homes in the American Southwest.
Neret-Minet Tessier & Sarrou describes the collection on its website as katsina masks of the Hopi Indians of Arizona. They are scheduled to be auctioned April 12, with some expected to garner tens of thousands of dollars each.
To the Hopis, they are living beings called katsina friends that emerge from the earth and sky to connect people to the spiritual world and their ancestors. Every member of the Hopi Tribe gets initiated into the Katsina society as a rite of passage.
Leigh Kuwanwisiwma, director of the tribe's cultural preservation office, said the religious items have no commercial value and should be in the hands of the American Indian tribes from which they were taken, including the pueblos of Jemez, Acoma and Zuni in New Mexico. The sale of such items isn't extraordinary, but the size of the collection to be auctioned in Paris and the age of the items is, he said.
The majority of the 70 katsina friends are labeled as Hopi and date back to the late 19th century and early 20th century. Kuwanwisiwma said they likely were collected from the Hopi in the 1930s and 1940s when there was documented evidence of a French citizen on the northern Arizona reservation.
"A lot of these objects were collected under suspicious conditions," he said. "You had such a huge competition by museums to collect artifacts from tribal reservations, and Hopi was no exception."
Acoma Pueblo said Wednesday that it would look into whether a piece labeled as originating from Acoma is authentic and would support any efforts to repatriate American Indian artifacts.
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act gives federally recognized American Indian tribes a way to reclaim funerary objects and ceremonial items from federal agencies and museums in the United States. Sherry Hutt, the program manager for the national NAGPRA office under the U.S. Department of the Interior said the law doesn't always apply to items held internationally.
"Did it leave at the time by gift or was it removed without permission? What were the rules at the time?" she said. "Once you know that, you may or may not have an application of NAGPRA, you may or may not have statues that apply to cultural resources or other remedies, generally."
An email sent to Neret-Minet Tessier & Sarrou on Tuesday was not returned, and the auction house declined immediate comment when contacted by a reporter on Wednesday. The press release announcing the auction said the items were collected by a "connoisseur with peerless taste," who had lived in the United States for more than 30 years and had attended katsina dances at the Hopi villages but doesn't say how.
Jose Viarreal, editor of the website artdaily.org, published the news release and said he received calls afterward from Hopis furious about the sale. He said he contacted the auction house and was told the items were obtained legally.
"I think this is going to go through as planned," he said.
Kuwanwisiwma said no Hopi has authority to sell or transfer such items because they are considered cultural patrimony, and no one other than a Hopi tribal member should possess them. Things haven't always worked out that way.
The Heard Museum in Phoenix is backing the Hopi Tribe's effort to recover the items and said it was hopeful the U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People could be used as leverage. France was among the first to sign the declaration that says indigenous people have the right to repatriation of their human remains, ceremonial objects and cultural patrimony.
The auction house cited a book written by the founder of the Museum of Northern Arizona in its description of the katsinas, which Hopi artists commonly depict in carved, wooden figures and sell. The museum's director, Robert Breunig, appealed to the sense of decency and humanity in asking that the auction be called off.
"To be displayed disembodied in your catalog and on the Internet is sacrilegious and offensive," he wrote in a letter to the auction house. "If one claims to value these katsina friends as `works of art,' one must also respect the people who made them and the native traditions that govern their use."
If returned, Kuwanwisiwma said the items will be placed in the care of the head katsina priest. The tribe would not bid on the objects otherwise, he said.
"Culturally we made it clear that there's no price tag on our ceremonial and religious objects," he said. "That's pretty much out of the question."
Associated Press Writer Lori Hinnant in Paris contributed to this report.


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Maholm sprains wrist, hopes to make next start
X-rays negative; Gonzalez doesn't expect Braves lefty to need DL stint
CHICAGO -- Braves manager Fredi Gonzalez was asked on Saturday afternoon about a potential starting pitching glut lying not too far down the road, with Brandon Beachy and Alex Wood possibly pushing for a spot in the rotation.
He went to one of his favorite responses, which was: "Those problems usually take care of themselves."
A few hours later, it almost did -- after Braves starter Paul Maholm left his outing in the fourth inning with a sprained left wrist. Maholm gave up seven runs in a 10-6 loss to the White Sox and was saddled with his third straight defeat, but the bigger issue afterward was the condition of his wrist -- which he initially tweaked while hitting July 10 in his last start before the All-Star break.
Asked about a possible stint on the 15-day disabled list for Maholm, Gonzalez shook his head.
"No, I don't think so," Gonzalez said. "I know they X-rayed him and [found] nothing. Everything came back negative. So, I think he's waiting to see the White Sox doctor [Saturday night] and see what they say. If we feel it's something more than that, we'll send him to our guys at home … but right now, we're just waiting."
Maholm is next slated to start Thursday against the Mets at Citi Field. Does Gonzalez think the lefty will be able to take that turn in the rotation?
"It all depends on how he feels," Gonzalez said. "I talked to him before you guys came in and he said he put some ice on it and it feels OK, but we'll see."
Maholm, who'd been given a 4-0 lead in the first three innings, said the wrist issue cropped up during his warmup throws to start the fourth. After giving up a leadoff double to Josh Phegley, Maholm then yielded a run-scoring single to Brent Morel before calling for Braves athletic trainer Jeff Porter to come look at his arm.
The veteran southpaw was replaced by David Carpenter, who was charged with two runs before getting out of the fourth with the Braves trailing, 9-4.
Maholm didn't have the wrist braced when meeting with reporters afterward and hoped to make his between-starts bullpen before taking the ball against the Mets.
"I think it was more just warming up in the fourth," he said. "My warmup pitches going out in the fourth were extremely high and it was bothering me to where I didn't think I should keep going. Hopefully here in the next day or so, it'll be good to go and I'll be able to throw."
Maholm threw 70 pitches, but one really did the most damage in the third -- when Alex Rios pounded a grand slam off him to center field to give the White Sox a 5-4 lead. This was Maholm's 20th start of the season and first in nine days thanks to the break. He'd lost his previous two starts and gave up a combined nine runs (all earned).
"Nothing [stinks] worse than when your guys give you a 4-0 lead and you [give] it back," Maholm said. "It's not the first time I've gone through a bad stretch in my career and it's not probably going to be the last one. It's no fun and it's not as if I don't think I can correct it pretty easily. I'm going to do my best to make sure I'm able to throw my bullpen in between and correct it and make the adjustment to get back to where I was for the first two months of the season."
What the Braves will do if he does have to miss a start or more is the question. Beachy is nearing a return from Tommy John surgery, while Wood was sent to Gwinnett on July 13 to get stretched out for a potential starting role with the Braves down the stretch.
The timeline for one or both might get bumped up, but for now, the Braves are taking a "wait-and-see" approach.
"We didn't want to take anymore chances and we got him out of there as soon as we saw there was something," Gonzalez said. "There was nothing there before that, so we didn't want to make [something] out of nothing and get him out of there."


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John Bull in Lund was founded 20 years ago and is more or less THE Pub of Lund, Sweden. This great institution gathers people from all groups of society and from all cultures of the world, offering them great food, drink, and music. Our guests gives us great company.
We offer a wide variety of entertainment during the weeks.
check out event calendar for more information.


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Iraqi Catholics risk their lives to join the priesthood and serve their own in a turbulent state.
Father Daud Barber of the College of St. Ephram in Qaraqosh, Iraq once traveled to Egypt, Syria, and Germany to study music and play the oud, an ancient stringed instrument. He performed with the symphony in Lebanon, he recounts, his coal-colored eyes brightening at the memory.
But Barber, who grew up in the Nineveh Plains of Iraq, eventually returned home to teach music at St. Ephrem, a Syrian Catholic seminary named for the fourth-century Turkish saint who wrote hymns and poetic sermons. The seminary is located near Mosul, one of the most dangerous cities in Iraq, particularly for Christians.
"I can't live there," Barber says of Lebanon, shaking his cropped hair, the wiry ends tinted gray. "I needed something here. It's something spiritual. Iraqis are different. We are part of this earth. We want to stay in Iraq."
In the years since U.S. forces toppled Saddam Hussein's regime, hundreds of thousands of Christian families have fled Baghdad, Mosul, and Basra, the three largest Christian communities in Iraq, seeking refuge in the Kurdistan region of Iraq and in neighboring Middle Eastern countries, primarily Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon.
It wasn't always like this in Iraq. Christians talk about living side by side with their Muslim neighbors, respecting each other's traditions and customs. "Happy Eid," a Christian would wish his Muslim neighbor. "Merry Christmas," the Muslim would wish his Christian neighbor in return.
Christians have lived in Iraq for centuries. Approximately two thirds of Iraqi Christians are Chaldean, an ancient Eastern church that is in communion with Rome. Syrian Catholics are in communion with Rome, as well. Assyrian Christians, Armenian Christians, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican and other Protestants also live in Iraq.
Saddam Hussein's deputy prime minister, Tariq Aziz, was a Chaldean Catholic, and Christians were mostly protected under Saddam's regime. Since 2003 the new Iraqi government generally has not persecuted any religious group. Leaders make public statements in support of the country's religious minorities and offer extra security at places of worship.
But it has been unable to control the violence. On October 31, 2010 more than 50 people were killed when insurgents seized a crowded Sunday service at Our Lady of Salvation Church in the Karada neighborhood of Baghdad. The church had also been bombed in 2004.
Reported estimates of the Christian population from its leaders ranged from 800,000 to 1.4 million in 2003, according to a 2010 U.S. State Department report to Congress. Current population estimates by Christian leaders range from 400,000 to 600,000.
But even with Iraq's displaced Christians, something remarkable is happening. The number of men entering the Catholic seminaries in Iraq is up, even as the populations that would produce the priests are dwindling.
"There's not anything to stop priests," Barber says. "Besides, in all of Iraq Christians still want to be married, they want to be baptized, they want to pray. All of the sacraments are important to stay with God. Because of that, we must be priests to serve our people."
The Syrian Catholic seminary at St. Ephrem in Qaraqosh currently has eight men studying to be priests. St. Peter's Chaldean Catholic seminary in Erbil has 26.
"We can't tell them they will be safe," says Fadi Lion Nissan, rector of St. Peter's. "Nobody can give you a guarantee."
And yet they come.
A small voice for peace
It was evening in Erbil, the sun tucked in, and about 20 young men gathered in a small room on the third floor of the main building at St. Peter's, chanting in unison, a ritual at the close of every day. A white cloth covered a table on metal legs at the front of the room, where a picture of Jesus hung on the wall. The winter chill crept in through the darkened windows.
The young men wore the clothes of typical Iraqi youth: distressed jeans, pointed shoes, sweaters with patches on the elbows. And yet their melodic voices chorused in Syriac, an ancient dialect of Middle Aramaic, the language of Jesus.
The newly constructed seminary is home to 26 young men training to be priests. Nine are first-year seminarians. It was located in the Dora neighborhood of Baghdad from 1962 to 2003 before moving to a temporary building in Ainkawa, a Christian suburb of Erbil, the government center of the semi-autonomous Kurdistan region, which has become a safe-haven for Christians fleeing from violence elsewhere in Iraq.
The region's government has encouraged Iraq's Christians to move into its communities and has sought to incorporate Christian enclaves into its boundaries, though the Kurds' tolerance is complicated by political motives. By increasing its geography and its population, the Kurdistan region stands to gain in its quest to control more of northern Iraq, and Christians still struggle with unemployment there.
But politics is not part of the curriculum at St. Peter's. Nissan, the rector, recently returned from an ordination in Baghdad, where three students became deacons. He left filled with hope.
"Sometimes we feel that God has left us, especially us Christians," he says. "We feel God talks in a different way. You are a little community in this land. One day, you will be a small voice for peace in this land. For me it's hope."
Seminarians spend six years training to become priests. Most do their initial studies in Iraq, but because of a shortage of experienced theologians, they do their advanced training in Rome, Lebanon, the United States, and Canada. Some don't return.
Georges Casmoussa, the archbishop of the Syrian Catholic Church in Mosul, acknowledges that some of the young men use the seminary for a chance to go abroad and then immigrate, never intending to remain in Iraq to serve their communities. The priests who leave don't necessarily go to minister to refugee flocks. He hopes, however, that the majority of seminarians won't use the opportunity to leave. "It is not easy," he says. "We trust them to return."
"We don't ask young people why they want to be priests," Casmoussa says. "But faith is very deep here. It is a great thing for us to have young people connected to the church."
Risky business
Casmoussa was kidnapped in 2005 and released the next day. In 2008 the Chaldean Catholic Archbishop of Mosul, Paulos Faraj Rahho, was kidnapped and murdered by Al Qaeda in Iraq.
"I think that many Christian young men, not unlike their Muslim peers, see their faith community under siege," says Michael La Civita, vice president of communications for the Catholic Near East Welfare Association (CNEWA). "Rallying to the cause, they are enlisting to defend it, to advocate for its survival, to make way for the Lord and his message of peace and justice."
Seminarian Fadi George remembers when he first told his family in Baghdad that he wanted to become a priest. His parents were frightened and tried to talk him out of it.
But George, who is in his first year of studies, says he wants to lead the church even if under attack. "The church needs someone like me in this place," he says. "The priests do something that no one else can do. This is the way I chose, and I will continue this way."
George describes his calling as "something I feel inside. It is invisible." He ultimately was able to earn his family's support, even respect.
Tariq Bassam, who is from Mosul, says he always knew he wanted to be a priest, even when he was a small child. The oldest child of five and the only son, Bassam knew his decision would be hard on his parents. "But I am free," he says. "They supported me."
He was compelled to be a part of the church, Bassam says, in part because the church in Iraq is most vulnerable at the moment. "I want to help the Christians, to do something for them," he says. "I have to be in the church. I know in the church I can do something for God. I have the love for God and the belief."
Minority report
Three years ago if a Syrian Catholic wanted to join the priesthood, he would have gone to seminary in Mosul rather than Qaraqosh. Mosul is an ancient city and a historic center for the Syrian church. Jonah and other Old Testament prophets are believed to be buried here.
Today Mosul is an extremely dangerous, nearly lawless place, with elements of Al Qaeda struggling for control with former elements of Saddam's regime. Christian families say they have been attacked by neighbors influenced by Al Qaeda.
In 2008 the situation for Iraq's Christians in Mosul was so bad that many fled to St. Matthew's Monastery in the mountains, about 20 miles outside of the city. Frightened families packed into empty classrooms and rooms used by the monks.
"Only a politically stable Iraq will win back these refugees," La Civita of CNEWA says. "In fact, only a politically stable Middle East, where the rights of all are respected, will win back not just the Christian minority, but the large number of well-educated Muslims who have also fled. . . . The moderates are leaving the region, leaving behind only extremists to battle it out."
According to CNEWA, about 10 percent of the about 1.5 million Iraqis who have fled to Syria are Christian, though Christians make up less than 3 percent of the Iraqi population overall. Up to 500,000 Iraqi refugees have settled in Jordan, CNEWA reports. Pastoral and humanitarian workers believe that there are about 50,000 Christians at any time in the country. In Lebanon, it is believed that about a quarter of the 40,000 Iraqis living in the slums of Beirut are Christian.
"Violence drives these families from their homes," La Civita says. "Every refugee we have interviewed tells stories of threats of kidnapping, extortion, bribery, murder directed at either them or members of their families."
"It's a big problem," says Archbishop Casmoussa. "We are losing our communities. There were Jews here before there were Christians before there [were Muslims]. We are all Iraqi. But I am a second-class citizen because I am a Christian. But when you are in the ministry, you can't think about that."
In search of harmony
Barber's voice fills with emotion talking about the Christians who have fled the violence in Iraq, his lilting Arabic barely a whisper against the rustling winter wind. The music teacher at St. Ephram knows in his heart that the Christians would not have wanted to leave. They would have stayed until the last possible moment for their children, he says. They would have stayed even as churches were bombed, their fellow parishioners kidnapped, their priests murdered.
Barber has a hard time reconciling the Iraq he knows with the Iraqi who would want to harm him. "If any Iraqi is hurt, someone will stop to help him and not ask who he is, even if they will kill him for helping," Barber says. "When you eat in Iraq, it tastes different here. There is harmony here. The spring is harmony. Everywhere else the people are like robots. How can I leave this place? This is our country."
Seminarian Marcel Habbish, who is from Qaraqosh, can stay inside the protected limits of the new Syrian seminary, guarded by Iraqi security forces at checkpoints to the entrances to the city. The guards inspect every individual and car, although it has not been foolproof.
Still, Habbish says he is not afraid. "If Jesus is with us, there is nothing against us," he says. "Whether anything happens in Iraq, even bombings, it cannot stop us from answering when Jesus calls us to serve."
This article appeared in the June 2011 issue of U.S. Catholic (Vol. 76, No. 6, pages 28-32).
Image: Jackie Spinner


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Photograph by Hermann Korte
... [read more]
- Human Figurations journal
- latest issue
Norbert Elias
Only late in his long life did Norbert Elias (1897–1990) achieve intellectual celebrity, but since his death he has been recognised as one of the greatest sociologists of the twentieth century. He is most famous for his theory of civilising processes, but his ambitious vision for the scope of the social sciences extended to the whole development of human society from its earliest origins, including the long-term growth of knowledge and the sciences.
His writings extend to such diverse topics as violence, sport, ageing and dying, time, work, art, poetry, utopias and the relations between the sexes. He likened networks of interdependent human beings - 'figurations' as he called them - to a dance: in constant flux yet structured. His approach has come to be known as 'figurational sociology', or more generally – because its appeal is far wider than professional sociologists alone – figurational studies.
Norbert Elias Foundation
The Norbert Elias Foundation was established in 1983 on the initiative of Norbert Elias himself, its aim being to stimulate research in the social sciences, especially in light of his own broad vision for them. When Elias died on 1 August 1990, the Foundation was his sole legatee, thereby inheriting the copyrights on his published works and unpublished manuscripts.
Until the end of 2016, the members of the Board of the Foundation were Johan Goudsblom, Hermann Korte and Stephen Mennell. They decided that the time had come to pass on the torch to a new generation, and with effect from 1 January 2017, they were succeeded by a new Board consisting of Johan Heilbron, Jason Hughes and Adrian Jitschin.
The Collected Works of Norbert Elias in English have been published on behalf of the Foundation by UCD Press; the first volumes appeared in 2006 and the project was completed with the publication of the eighteenth volume in 2014.
All titles can be bought direct from the Press, via the UCD Press website, at a 10 per cent discount on the published price.
Suhrkamp Verlag completed the publication of the German equivalent, the Gesammelte Schriften, in 2010. Many of Elias's books and essays have also been translated into numerous languages throughout the world.
The Foundation supports and promotes the now-worldwide interdisciplinary Figurational Research Network, publishes the twice yearly research newsletter Figurations, organises conferences, awards stipends for research on Elias's papers in the Deutsches Literaturarchiv (DLA) in Marbach am Neckar.
Since 2012 the Foundation has also sponsored the new online journal Human Figurations, devoted to the study of 'long-term perspectives on the human condition'. The journal is edited by Dr Katie Liston (University of Ulster) and published by MPublishing, the publishing arm of the University of Michigan. For further details, and to submit articles, click here.
A new multilingual website for the Norbert Elias Foundation is under construction, but is not yet functioning fully. See http://norbert-elias.com/en/


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With over 85 million visitors a year, France is the world's most popular tourist destination, and it's easy to see why. Few other countries can match her diversity of landscapes and attractions, not to mention a rich and absorbing culture that has wowed the globe in the fields of art, architecture, music and, of course, gastronomy.
There's a world of holiday experiences to enjoy in France, with each region offering something new and unique.
Brittany and Normandy are home to unspoiled rolling countryside, exemplary beaches and ancient standing stones. Then there's Paris, with all her world-famous attractions to marvel at and hidden gems to uncover.
Farther south await the wine countries of Burgundy and the Loire Valley, spotted with historic villages and stunning châteaux. First-rate ski resorts populate the glistening peaks of the Alps and Pyrenees. While on the Mediterranean lies Provence and the glitz and glamour of the French Riviera.
And don't forget Disneyland® Paris – a fantastic family adventure, with entertainment and magical experiences all in one place. We can arrange accessible accommodation and even equipment hire and entry tickets, leaving you to relax and enjoy all the park has to offer.
Getting there
France benefits from being within easy reach of the UK, by ferry, car, plane and rail.
By ferry
Regular ferries to France sail from the southern English ports of Plymouth, Weymouth, Poole, Portsmouth, Newhaven, Folkestone, Dover and Ramsgate. Ferries also operate from Cork to Roscoff, in Brittany, and from Dublin to Cherbourg, in Normandy. Travel times vary, ranging from the speedy (Dover to Calais takes 1 hour 30 minutes) to the leisurely, such as the 11-hour crossing from Portsmouth to St Malo.
By car
The Eurotunnel enables visitors to travel from the UK to Calais in 35 minutes. Check in at Folkestone then drive onto the train and sit back and relax in your vehicle for the duration of the journey, before driving off at Calais.
By plane
There are a wide range of flights from the UK to over 30 airports throughout France. The longest – from Aberdeen to Nice – takes four hours, with journeys between other UK and French airports taking considerably less. London to Paris takes just over an hour.
By train
Eurostar has up to 20 services a day from London St Pancras International to Paris Gare du Nord, with the journey from London to Paris taking just over two hours. The Eurostar doesn't just stop at Paris, however, but continues to Lille, Disneyland Paris, the French Riveria and many more.
France has an excellent interconnected rail service. SNCF trains are modern, frequent and efficient, with many operating on the high-speed TGV network. SNCF trains are accessible, with staff and guards trained to assist passengers with disabilities. There's also the option of taking the AutoTrain to the south of France. Drop your car off at the AutoTrain station in Paris, take the train to your destination and then collect your car on arrival.
At DisabledHolidays.com we can arrange your travel itinerary in addition to finding you great accessible accommodation in your chosen destination. From booking ferries or trains, to sending you all your travel details, we can guarantee your holiday will be as relaxing and stress-free as possible. More detailed information on travelling to France can be found here.
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Disney's Sequoia LodgeDisneyland Paris
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You'll find the warmest of welcomes at this exquisitely recreated forest lodge inspired by America's vast national parks.
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Set amidst extensive lawned grounds adorned by flowers and with a backdrop of trees, This detatched villa is full of character and has been well equipped and furnished to a good standard, and the ground floor is accessible for wheelchair users.
Accessible Mountain VillaFrench Pyrenees > Ceret > Les Hauts de Ceret
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Situated on a mountain side offering beautiful views over the valley and the Mediterranean sea. Located at the foot of the Alberes mountains and only a few minutes away from the Spanish border.
Rural French Holiday HomeAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes
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A fully adapted holiday home with a private heated swimming pool for a maximum of 8 people, including up to 4 wheelchair users.
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Peacefully set in an acre of mature lawned gardens, this ancient honey-coloured holiday farmhouse oozes character, with masses of old beams, tiled floors and a monumental stone fireplace in the drawing room. Sleeps 2–14 (discounts available for smaller groups).
Highly rated accessible gîteAquitaine > Agen
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This beautiful renovated gîte is situated on the slopes of a secluded valley in Aquitaine. Comprising one ground-level floor, it's highly accessible and boasts a swimming pool and attractive private grounds.
Highly rated accessible gîteAquitaine > Agen
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This beautiful renovated gîte is situated on the slopes of a secluded valley in Aquitaine. Comprising one ground-level floor, it's highly accessible and boasts a swimming pool and attractive private grounds.
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Nestled in the beautiful Normandy countryside, this accessible gite is ideally placed for discovering the region and all it has to offer.
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1 bedroom, fully accessible apartment in quiet countryside village, Only 4 mins to the nearest trunk road that can take you to the coast or larger attractions.
Disney's Hotel CheyenneDisneyland Paris
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- 2 Stars
Set in an authentic old Western town, this Disney Hotel allows you to continue the Frontierland experience of Disneyland Park.
Disney's Hotel Santa FeDisneyland Paris
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Inspired by the world of Disney-Pixar's Cars, this great-value hotel evokes impressions of scorching sun, giant cacti, monumental landscapes and the legendary Route 66.
Disney's Newport Bay ClubDisneyland Paris
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The Disney's Hotel is a beautiful homage to the golden age of yachting and seaside ambience. Enjoy a comfortable berth and oceans of atmosphere in this nautically themed hotel.
Accessible apartmentsBrittany > La Roche-Derrien
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These 6 two bedroom apartments have just been completely converted from an old cotton mill and will be well adapted.
City Break HotelParis
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Beautifully located at the heart of the romantic city of Paris, this hotel lies next to a peaceful park.
Wheelchair Accessible GiteDordogne
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Rural gite located on a small family-run holiday complex that caters for the needs of all guests, including adults and children with disabilities. Several well-known towns and villages are easily accessible.


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Internet survives World Cup traffic surge
- 01 July, 2010 00:29
The English and US football teams found the World Cup a struggle but can the Internet itself hold up under the huge traffic demands imposed by the first ever 'online' tournament?
According to a new analysis by Arbor Networks, predictions of disaster have proved, so far, wide of the mark. While World Cup data has caused unusual traffic patterns and a surge in backbone packet volume of up to 30 percent, the company reports, the Internet is more than holding its own under the load.
Analysing traffic through major ISPs using its Atlas traffic system, Arbor found that between 11 June, the day the World Cup kicked off, and 18 June, Flash video traffic streaming through 55 randomly-chosen European and US ISPs showed marked surges, especially during the Brazil v North Korea match on 15 June. Peak flows reached up to 1Tbit/s, more than double the normal 400Gbit/s. On any match day, Flash video showed clear peaks that corresponded to game times.
However, the company dismisses the possibility that Flash streaming could cause trouble for the wider Internet. Flash is a tiny part of total traffic volume and the company points out that large amounts are cached locally by providers such as Akamai (which supplied data) and do not show up in inter-domain analyses.
"So far the Internet has survived, but with the final games coming up we expect far greater consumer interest and even larger traffic volumes," notes Arbor.
Away from the core of the Internet, individual providers have apparently struggled to deal with short-terms traffic surges. Twitter has had its 'tweetstorms' said to have reached as many as World 3,000 messages per second during and after World Cup games.
Separately, Akamai and the BBC report coping with 800,000 concurrent video connections, which suggests that this could still turn out to be the first global sporting event watched online in some countries almost as frequently as a using TV set.
The challenge to Internet video services is clear for the next World Cup in 2014; expect demand to rise exponentially and plan accordingly.


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Interest in Round 3 is far greater than expected, with 96 British and overseas companies registering initial expressions of interest. They include many who have not been involved with the first two UK rounds of offshore development. Companies and consortia that registered are now being invited to bid for one or more of the zones, which they would develop in partnership with The Crown Estate.
This active investment role for The Crown Estate during development of the projects is different from earlier offshore wind rounds. The Crown Estate stresses that it does not intend taking any role in the eventual ownership or operation of the wind farms when built, other than to provide long term leases of the seabed. It will be up to the selected "partners" to construct and operate the sites, it says. The presumption is that The Crown Estate will sell its interests in projects prior to their construction.
The location and number of zones could be subject to change once the government has concluded its strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of the nine areas currently available (Windpower Monthly, July 2008). But as a result of feedback so far from developers, The Crown Estate has modified the zones' locations. It has reduced the number from its original 11, dropping the Outer Wash, Lyme Bay off Dorset; north Cornwall; Cardigan Bay off west Wales and north Irish Sea. New areas are Hornsea, east of Humberside; off Norfolk; and west of the Isle of Wight. The Dogger Bank and Irish Sea areas have both been enlarged.
Rob Hastings from The Crown Estate says that developers and the supply chain will have greater certainty when the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR) completes the SEA in May 2009.
Round 3 builds on the 8 GW either built, under construction or in development from the previous offshore rounds. It could lead to an eventual 33 GW of UK offshore wind and will be essential in helping the country meet its target for 20% renewables supply by 2020.
Hastings says that Round 3 is important because it is enticing British and international companies to heavily invest in offshore wind projects in UK waters. "Attracting such investment is the only way in which government targets can be met," he says.
"The investment will be very significant and presents opportunities for UK companies in the supply chain, UK ports and other infrastructure support," he adds. "Early movers could reap the benefits and The Crown Estate will be engaging with these potential players to ensure they are well placed to take full advantage of the opportunities."
Meantime, Tthe Crown Estate has commissioned a study of options for connecting Round 3 wind farms to the electricity network, to be published next month. It follows a previous study into the feasibility of an east coast interconnector -- a high capacity offshore line running down the east coast of Great Britain from Shetland to Norfolk. This would take power from offshore wind farms in the north of Scotland and feed it into the mainland grid at various points. The study found that the core of the system would cost £1.7 billion, with the total network costing some £4.8 billion.


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Former Queens state Sen. Shirley Huntley taped six fellow Democratic senators from three different boroughs last year at the FBI's behest, according to an unsealed sentencing memo that named names and immediately shook Albany with a new round of questions about corruption.
The FBI on "multiple occasions" recorded and photographed Sens. John Sampson, Eric Adams and Velmanette Montgomery of Brooklyn, Malcolm Smith and Jose Peralta of Queens and Ruth Hassell-Thompson of the Bronx during arranged visits to Huntley's home, said the memo from Huntley's lawyer released Wednesday.
She also recorded meetings with New York City Councilman Ruben Wills; former Smith press adviser Curtis Taylor, and Melvin Lowe, identified in the memo as a "former political consultant and associate of Attorney General Eric Schneiderman."
Prosecutors have said that eight of the nine are the subjects of ongoing criminal probes, and three of the nine made comments "useful to law enforcement" during the meetings Huntley secretly recorded. But they have not identified which individuals fall into which of those categories, and declined to do so again Wednesday after the names were ordered unsealed in federal court by U.S. District Judge Jack Weinstein, who will sentence Huntley on embezzlement charges Thursday.
Coming after three recent federal indictments targeting public officials -- including Smith last month and Sampson this week -- the new revelations were termed a "disaster" by political observers, who said that would dash whatever trust the public had left in politicians. "It's more than a straw on a camel's back," said Doug Muzzio, a Baruch College political science professor. "It's a bale of straw."
The naming of the six suggested that 20 percent of the Senate's Democratic delegation may be under investigation. Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, who has pushed for ethics reforms, had no comment after the release of the names of his fellow Democrats, and Senate GOP Majority Leader Dean Skelos also declined to comment. Mike Murphy, a spokesman for the Democratic conference, said in a statement, "This is an extremely trying time in Albany. If any charges are brought, the conference will take appropriate action."
Huntley, 74, wore a wire from June through August of last year in a bid for leniency after she was implicated in embezzling money from a nonprofit she founded. The defense sentencing memorandum, which laid out details of her cooperation in hopes of persuading Weinstein to go easy on her, said she worked with the FBI for six months after advising them "of what she believed to be corruption involving public officials." She was asked to "invite certain individuals into her home and record conversations," it said.
Weinstein unsealed the names after requests from Newsday and other news organizations. But all court filings describing the substance of Huntley's conversations and the focus of investigations of the various targets are still under seal.
Smith, a former Senate majority leader, pleaded not guilty in federal court in Manhattan in April to a charge of bribing GOP leaders in New York City to try to get on the mayoral ballot as a Republican. His lawyer, Gerald Shargel, said Wednesday, "There is no question that Malcolm Smith spoke to Shirley Huntley in the summer of 2012 . . . But there was no suggestion, hint or innuendo of criminal conduct on my client's part."
Sampson, a former Democratic conference and minority leader, pleaded not guilty on Monday in federal court in Brooklyn to charges of embezzling $440,000 in escrow funds he oversaw as a court-appointed referee, using the money to pay for a campaign for Brooklyn district attorney, and trying to obstruct a federal probe. He was stripped of committee assignments. His lawyer, Zachary Carter, did not return a call for comment Wednesday.
Peralta, a former state assemblyman who became the first Dominican elected to the Senate in 2010, said he was innocent. "I am confident that the authorities will find, if they have not already done so, that I have engaged in no wrongdoing whatsoever," he said.
Adams, a former NYPD captain, said in a statement, "I have not been contacted about any investigation."
Hassell-Thompson said her discussions with Huntley were innocent and her record was "above reproach."
Wills, a former chief of staff to Huntley, said his lawyer had been told he was "not the target of any investigation arising from proceedings involving Shirley Huntley." He said he would continue serving his constituents.
Montgomery, a former teacher and the secretary of the Democratic Senate Conference, did not comment. Lowe, a longtime insider who has worked as a consultant to the Democratic Senate Campaign Committee among others, could not be reached. Attempts to talk to Taylor, a Newsday reporter before he worked for Smith, were unsuccessful.
A spokesman for Schneiderman, a former Democratic senator, said in a strongly worded statement that the AG had indicted Huntley last August on state charges, and described the Huntley memorandum's description linking him to Lowe as a misleading "attempt at retaliation."
Schneiderman "has never hired Melvin Lowe or used his services," the statement said. "He will continue to use every tool at his disposal to ensure New Yorkers have the open and honest government they deserve."
With Anthony M. DeStefano and Ellen Yan
A roster of the secretly recorded
Individuals secretly recorded by former state Sen. Shirley Huntley inthe FBI's investigation into public corruption among elected officials:
Sen. John Sampson (D-Brooklyn)
Indicted Monday on charges of embezzlement and obstruction of justice.
Sen. Malcolm Smith (D-Queens)
Accused in April of bribing GOP leaders in Queens and the Bronx in exchange for entry into that party's primary for New York City mayor.
Sen. Eric Adams (D-Brooklyn)
Elected in 2006 after 22 years in the New York City Police Department.
Sen. Ruth Hassell-Thompson (D-Bronx/Westchester)
First elected in 2000 after serving on the Mount Vernon City Council, including as president and acting mayor.
Sen. Velmanette Montgomery, (D-Brooklyn)
First elected in 1984. Ranking Democrat on the Senate Committee on Children and Families. She is secretary for the Senate Democratic Conference.
Sen. Jose Peralta, (D-Queens)
In a 2010 special election, became the first Dominican-American elected to the state Senate. Ranking Democrat on the Labor Committee. State assemblyman from 2002 to 2010.
New York City Councilman Rubin Wills
Formerly Huntley's chief of staff. Elected in a 2010 special election after the death of Thomas White Jr.
Melvin Lowe
Democratic political consultant
Curtis Taylor
Former press adviser for Smith. He is a former Newsday reporter.