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House of Commons Hansard #64 of the 41st Parliament, 1st Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was women.
Fair Representation ActGovernment Orders
1:15 p.m.
Some hon. members
Fair Representation ActGovernment Orders
1:15 p.m.
The Deputy Speaker NDP Denise Savoie
All those in favour of the motion will please say yea.
Fair Representation ActGovernment Orders
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Some hon. members
Fair Representation ActGovernment Orders
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The Deputy Speaker NDP Denise Savoie
All those opposed will please say nay.
Fair Representation ActGovernment Orders
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Some hon. members
Fair Representation ActGovernment Orders
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The Deputy Speaker NDP Denise Savoie
In my opinion the nays have it.
And five or more members having risen:
The recorded division on the motion stands deferred.
The House would normally proceed at this time to the taking of the deferred recorded division at the report stage of the bill. However, pursuant to Standing Order 45, recorded divisions stand deferred until Monday, December 12, 2011, at the ordinary hour of daily adjournment.
The hon. Chief Government Whip.
Fair Representation ActGovernment Orders
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Gordon O'Connor Conservative Carleton—Mississippi Mills, ON
Madam Speaker, I ask that you see the clock at 1:30 p.m.
Fair Representation ActGovernment Orders
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The Deputy Speaker NDP Denise Savoie
Is that agreed?
Fair Representation ActGovernment Orders
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Some hon. members
Fair Representation ActGovernment Orders
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The Deputy Speaker NDP Denise Savoie
The House will now proceed to the consideration of private members' business as listed on today's order paper.
The House resumed from October 24 consideration of the motion that Bill C-314, An Act respecting the awareness of screening among women with dense breast tissue, be read the second time and referred to a committee.
Breast Density Awareness ActPrivate Members' Business
1:15 p.m.
Simcoe—Grey Ontario
Kellie Leitch ConservativeParliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development and to the Minister of Labour
Madam Speaker, I am pleased to speak in support of Bill C-314 regarding dense breast tissue and the importance of breast cancer screening.
Bill C-314 calls on the federal government to use existing programs and initiatives to increase awareness about dense breast tissue and its impact on breast cancer screening. The bill's focus is on working with partnerships to improve information and share information on screening with women and their doctors. Several current government actions are highlighted. They are supported by other partner organizations focused on cancer, breast cancer and breast cancer screening. I will explain more about these actions in my remarks today, but I would like to begin with a few words about how critical the underlying issue is.
Every year, millions of Canadians are affected by cancer either personally or by the experience of a family member, friend or neighbour. I have personally been affected by this disease with the loss of my mother in 1989. Because of this and my role as a surgeon, I know about the importance of breast cancer screening and awareness. Breast health, regular checkups and exams should be a conversation in every home in Canada. It is one that occurred in my family home. As one can imagine, it is not an easy conversation for a single father who has recently lost his wife to have with his young children. However, it is extremely important that parents have this conversation with all of their daughters.
Awareness starts at home, as well as in a doctor's office. Young women across the country should be in constant dialogue with family physicians when it comes to their breast health and determining what practices for screening are best for them. Breast cancer in particular is a major health concern. One in nine women in Canada develops breast cancer during her lifetime, making it one of the most common cancers affecting Canadian women.
In 2011, it is estimated that 23,400 women in Canada will be diagnosed with breast cancer, an increase from 2010. That represents about 450 women being diagnosed each week. Early detection of breast cancer through organized screening programs is an important public health practice. Our government has invested in partnerships that promote optimal screening. Our government works across different health sectors with partner organizations, as well as with provinces and territories that deliver health care services.
Together we want to improve screening and early detection and to provide information to women. That is exactly what Bill C-314 calls for: an assurance that we are doing all we can to increase awareness and to assist health care providers and women in making well-informed screening decisions.
This bill recognizes that we are taking action on this issue through a number of initiatives. We are reinforcing existing investments, commitments and action on prevention, detection and control. The bill also recognizes the important work done by the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. This initiative was established and funded by our government. The bill highlights the work our government does through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Canadian breast cancer screening initiative. The knowledge generated through these initiatives is then shared with doctors and networks that include health organizations like the Canadian Cancer Society.
The central initiative supported by our government to fight cancer is the Canadian strategy for cancer control. This is a co-ordinated comprehensive strategy developed with government, non-governmental cancer organizations, cancer survivors, researchers and health care professionals. Screening and early detection is the main priority of the strategy. Breast density and its implications for screening is a part of this.
The Canadian strategy for cancer control is implemented by the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. The partnership is an independent not-for-profit organization that is working on prevention, early detection, treatment and the support for Canadians living with cancer. This organization has done much to ensure cancer patients and health care professionals across Canada have state-of-the-art knowledge about what works to prevent, diagnose and treat cancer.
Notably, the partnership has encouraged hard-to-reach populations to undergo screening, helping doctors to identify cancer earlier. Funding of $250 million to the partnership was recently renewed for five more years, from 2012 to 2017. This funding will help the partnership continue its invaluable work on reducing cancer cases, enhancing the quality of life of cancer patients and increasing the likelihood of survival.
Through CIHR, the government is funding research on more effective diagnostics, treatment and prevention for all cancers, including breast cancer. Research investments in this area support important Canadian scientific work. I want to stress that the search for a cure is only part of the incredible research being undertaken in this country. Research is helping to reduce the burden of cancer on individuals and families through informing the development of prevention strategies.
As well, scientific research is helping to improve screening in health care settings. It is contributing to early diagnosis and, in many cases, allows access to better quality cancer care. This year alone $22.7 million was spent on breast cancer research.
Bill C-314 highlights the importance of providing women and their doctors with the most recent information. Our government's Canadian breast cancer initiative contributes by making education and information resources available to communities across Canada. This work facilitates action on breast cancer, women's health, inter-sectoral collaborations, and stakeholder involvement.
The government supports the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation's screening initiative, a key component of the Canadian breast cancer initiative. The screening initiative is a joint provincial-territorial collaboration to develop screening approaches. It contributes to improving breast cancer screening programs by developing nationally agreed upon quality indicators.
For women with higher breast density, breast cancer is generally harder to detect using mammograms, resulting in more frequent screenings. The Canadian breast cancer screening initiative supports national standards for prevention, early detection and screening. It seeks to develop and share best practices in breast cancer and women's health. Our government recognizes the importance of participating in cancer screening. Raising awareness around breast density supports this goal.
Through the screening initiative, we are working with the provinces and territories as well as local and non-governmental organizations to increase early detection and screening for populations less likely to be screened, such as newcomers to Canada, rural Canadians and persons with disabilities. This cross-Canada project enables the sharing of best practices, and ensures that information and support programs are available to women with breast cancer.
Through the Canadian breast cancer screening initiative and the Canadian partnership against cancer, our government helps the provinces and territories benchmark performance against national standards. It is equally important to share knowledge through health organizations such as the Canadian Cancer Society. The bill reinforces the current actions on breast cancer screening that reflects the government's commitment to keep Canadians and their families healthy, to help doctors detect cancer, and to give women better information on which basis to make their decisions.
I want to commend the hon. member for Barrie for his initiative which will not only better the information women receive regarding their breast health but will also lead to earlier detection and to more women's lives being saved.
I came face to face with the ramifications of breast cancer when I lost my mother 22 years ago. Compounded by my role as a physician, it is why I am so passionate on this issue. I strongly urge every member of the House to support this bill on the awareness of breast cancer screening, so that we can stand unanimous in this chamber in support of women's breast health.
I once again commend the member for Barrie for his excellent work on this bill.
Breast Density Awareness ActPrivate Members' Business
December 9th, 2011 / 1:25 p.m.
Carolyn Bennett Liberal St. Paul's, ON
Mr. Speaker, I am very pleased to rise here this afternoon to speak to Bill C-314. This bill calls on the Government of Canada to encourage the use of existing initiatives in order to increase awareness among women about the implications of heterogeneous or dense breast tissue for breast cancer screening, and to assist women and health care providers in making well-informed decisions regarding screening.
On behalf of our health critic, the hon. member for Vancouver Centre, I would like to say that the Liberal Party supports this bill. All efforts to raise awareness, to provide more information and to encourage communication must be supported.
As a family doctor, it became very clear to me and also in our work at the Women's College Hospital in Toronto that the world changed when books like Our Bodies Ourselves came onto the market, and women were empowered to know more about the choices in order to ask better questions of their doctors and demand better care.
The bill, which will respect the awareness of screening among women with dense breast tissue, is just that kind of initiative. So we as Liberals support any effort to increase awareness, to fund research, and to provide information to Canadians about cancer prevention and early detection. We know that we should be doing more of this in many areas of health, including health promotion, wait times and pharmaceutical strategies.
The proposed legislation calls on the federal government to work with the provincial and territorial governments to increase awareness among women about the risk factor involved in having dense breast tissue. It asks that we use existing programs. It asks that we identify the gaps in information for women and that we improve that information that is going to Canadian women. It asks that we address the challenges in detecting breast cancer in women with dense breast tissue.
This year, 23,400 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and 5,100 will die. As the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Labour has said, all of us are touched by breast cancer in some way. My mother died of breast cancer as well. She had two different breast cancers that took her life even in what was to be a lesser kind of breast cancer: breast cancer after menopause. My sister has had breast cancer diagnosed before menopause.
As a physician, I recognize the importance of early detection and ensuring that patients have the best possible information and treatment. Any oncologist would say very clearly he or she would rather find these cancers early when indeed they can be treated. The problem is the dense breast tissue makes it difficult to identify breast cancer. There are too many stories of what was presumed to be a negative mammogram that was later on shown to have a cancer hiding in the breast tissue that was not visible to the radiologist at the time.
We are blessed now in Canada that almost 80% of mammography is done with the new digital approach which makes it much easier to detect the problems in dense breast tissue, but still we need to do more. We need to require more tests and appropriate screening. It means that we need to ensure that people reading the mammography are experienced radiologists. Now with technology, help is possible for very experienced people with tremendous expertise in mammography can read them at a distance. The new machine in Moose Factory allows the people a long way away to be the actual expert reading the exams.
We always have to balance appropriate testing without alarming the general population or Canadians with unnecessary tests that only put more pressure on the system. We believe that the federal government does have a role to play in facilitating best practices and funding research related to cancer prevention and early detection as part of the Canadian partnership against cancer.
It is interesting that the California state legislature recently passed bill SB 173 that would require mammogram providers to inform women if they have dense breast tissue and that they would benefit from more screening. But is also interesting that the California governor, Jerry Brown, vetoed the bill noting that while it was important, the bill should have used more careful language so as not to create unnecessary anxiety among women and strain the health system. This message was echoed by the California Medical Association because of its risk of leading to unnecessary MRIs and ultrasounds.
We are pleased to see that Bill C-314 calls for research, information sharing, and increased awareness for women about the problems related to screening for those with dense breast tissue, which makes it hard to identify these tumours.
For any Canadian who wants to look at the movement in the United States, it is at rudense.com. There is very interesting information. It asserts that breast density is one of the strongest predictors of the failure of mammography screening to detect cancer. There is a very interesting logo, "Are you dense? exposing the best-kept secret". Unfortunately the best-kept secret can take people's lives.
There are things that are coming forward: ways that we could detect the breast density on a scale of 1 to 4; letting women know which category they are in; what women should expect for themselves and their families in terms of the amount of screening; and the serious conversation women need to have with their doctors.
We in the Liberal Party are very keen on the idea of national clinical practice guidelines that every Canadian can come to know and understand. Therefore, regardless of their postal code, women could be asking for the best possible care based on the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.
It means that family doctors are brought up to speed and can actually have meaningful conversations with their patients, not only about the clinical practice guideline but whether their individual situation places them in that average clinical guideline, or whether their situation is particularly special, such that a different plan of action or care plan should be there for them.
I am very pleased and thank the member for bringing the bill forward. We look forward to further debate.
As our party's health critic, I look forward to studying the bill with the hon. member at the health committee.
Breast Density Awareness ActPrivate Members' Business
1:35 p.m.
Kelly Block Conservative Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar, SK
Madam Speaker, I am pleased to speak in support of Bill C-314, An Act respecting the awareness of screening among women with dense breast tissue, introduced by my colleague, the hon. member for Barrie.
The bill encourages the federal government to use existing initiatives to increase women's awareness of how dense breast tissue impacts breast cancer screening. We know that breast cancer is far too common in Canada. This year, some 23,000 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, a one in nine chance over a lifetime, and breast cancer will claim the lives of 5,100 women this year alone.
We know that breast cancer screening saves lives. We also know that women with denser breast tissue face added challenges with cancer detection through mammography. Targeting dense tissue, as the hon. member for Barrie attests, is one tangible way we can make a difference. We can play an effective role in the adoption of effective, efficient early detection practices in screening. That is why we are raising awareness and providing accurate information about screening. This helps women make better decisions, particularly if they have dense breast tissue.
Bill C-314 focuses on the efforts already under way to raise women's awareness about dense breast tissue and breast cancer screening. It also would help women and their doctors make well-informed decisions regarding their screening.
There are a number of elements in the bill that I will outline, along with current federal initiatives that support this bill. First, the bill requires our government to determine if there are breast density information gaps in relation to breast cancer screening. By knowing where these gaps are, we can plug the holes through research. In response to the first element, our government will continue supporting cancer research through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, or CIHR. A priority of CIHR's Institute of Cancer Research is early cancer detection. It is currently exploring partnership opportunities with the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation for early detection funding. This research will address breast cancer information gaps.
Second, the bill would require that approaches be identified as needed to improve information for women. This would be done to address the challenges of detecting cancer in women with denser tissue and to raise awareness concerning these challenges. Bill C-314 also recognizes the responsibility provinces and territories have for delivering these invaluable programs. For example, when mammography identifies dense breast tissue, these programs notify women to obtain further testing. In Ontario, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador and the Northwest Territories an annual recall system is in place for women identified with dense breast tissue. In other jurisdictions, follow-up is determined by the radiologist.
While breast screening programs are primarily a provincial and territorial responsibility, the federal government, through existing initiatives and partnerships, supports raising awareness of breast cancer screening and breast density. In response to this bill, the government will d continue to support provinces and territories in raising awareness of breast density and its screening implications through the Canadian breast cancer screening initiative. This initiative is a partnership between the Public Health Agency of Canada and provincial and territorial programs. Through it, we are working with provincial and territorial governments to measure screening program performance nationwide. This means that all jurisdictions regularly share screening program information: lessons learned, best practices, share challenges and mutual questions of importance.
Part of the Canadian breast cancer screening initiative includes the Canadian breast cancer screening database, a national repository on breast cancer screening. Provinces and territories contribute to that database, which is then used to monitor and evaluate screening programs across Canada.
Bill C-314 would require the existing Canadian breast cancer screening initiative to share information on dense tissue in relation to cancer screening and any follow-up procedures. The initiative makes a tool available to assist in decision making pertaining to breast cancer screening. In the future, the tool will include breast density information. Sharing information about ways to improve these programs ensures women receive the full benefits of early detection.
I am pleased to note that our government will also begin discussions through the federal-provincial-territorial national committee for the Canadian breast cancer screening initiative regarding identification protocols for dense breast tissue. Through the committee, participating provincial and territorial screening programs are encouraged to share best practices on raising awareness of dense breast tissue.
The committee also provides opportunities for provincial and territorial governments to collaborate on screening recommendations and approaches. The Canadian breast cancer screening initiative will also continue providing information on breast cancer screening through its biennial report. This information will help to enhance organized screening across Canada.
Moreover, our government continues to take action through the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, which leads the implementation of the Canadian strategy for cancer control. This made-in-Canada approach, consistent with the bill, has a key role in accelerating effective cancer prevention and control strategies. It also works with and engages the cancer community to provide Canadians with information on screening.
Of interest, the partnership hosts a web based resource called, "Cancer View Canada". This portal provides information to Canadians on cancer issues, including screening, and it draws on the expertise of partners.
Renewed investments in the partnership, which was announced last March by our Prime Minister, allows the partnership to continue its important work. As members will see, there is much work already started that supports Bill C-314.
The bill also recognizes the important role of the Canadian Cancer Society, the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation and the Canadian Women's Health Network in providing reliable information to support women's decision making.
The federal government works collaboratively with various stakeholders and will continue raising awareness through these existing initiatives. Canadians do not have to wait to learn about these issues from their doctors. We have a responsibility to provide this current evidence in the most efficient and effective way possible, especially when the lives of Canadians may be at stake.
Through further awareness, Canadian women and their families can become more informed and they will make better decisions. They will also learn about breast density and its implications for screening.
I encourage all my fellow parliamentarians to support this very important bill. It would increase awareness for women regarding dense breast tissue. It is important knowledge to have, not only for them but in the interest of their loved ones. It could even save a life.
I thank the hon. member for Barrie for his concern about this issue and his willingness to ensure we are better educated about our health.
Breast Density Awareness ActPrivate Members' Business
1:40 p.m.
Rathika Sitsabaiesan NDP Scarborough—Rouge River, ON
Madam Speaker, as a woman who, like most Canadians, has had friends and family struggle against cancer, I am proud to be given the opportunity to rise today in the House and state without reservation that I will use my mandate to search for practical and effective ways to fight cancer.
Canadians need first rate prevention strategies that include increased access to doctors, increased access to specialists, better screening, earlier screening, first rate equipment, dedicated funding and better access to necessary medications and progressive research. Access, equipment and funding are the silver bullets that make the most difference in the lives of cancer patients.
As I read the bill before us, I was searching for these targets but, I am saddened to say, I found none. It is not that Canada does not need a bill to help fight against breast cancer, it is that we need a better bill. There are real ways that the government can make a difference and Bill C-314 shirks that responsibility.
First, education and awareness are not enough to combat health care problems. I have seen again and again over the past six months how keen the government is to throw huge amounts of money at educational and awareness campaigns while ignoring the tangible systemic problems that need to be addressed.
Awareness is a first step, and I would never degrade the necessity of education, but what is a woman who discovers that she is at risk for breast cancer to do when she does not have access to a family doctor?
I come from Scarborough—Rouge River, an urban riding in the greater Toronto area. One would think that being in an urban centre, people would not have a problem in terms of access to doctors. However, from the day I was elected, I have heard constantly from my constituents that they do not have family doctors and cannot afford the time and money required to travel to a place where they can see a doctor or a specialist. With the state of public transit being what it is for my constituents, I cannot say that I blame them. I takes two hours one way to go downtown. Would hon. members travel hours and hours on public transit to go to the doctor's office? I know I would not.
Unless the government is willing to back this awareness campaign with federal money aimed at providing women with dense breast tissue direct access to doctors and state of the art screening equipment, such as a digital MRI mammogram machine, then all the education and awareness in the world will not really help these women.
I have witnessed this trend again and again. A federal program will take one shallow step toward addressing the real problem and that is where it stops.
This is a game of optics. The Conservatives want to give the appearance that they are taking action on health care issues, without actually doing anything.
The women of Nunavut do not have a breast cancer screening program at all. This is urgent. This is something that we can do that will have real effect on women's lives.
If the government is serious about preventing breast cancer, then the bill in our hands today would be, among other things, a comprehensive proposal to work with our provincial governments and territorial governments to create a breast cancer screening program in Nunavut. The women of Nunavut and other rural communities in the north are already at risk. They are farthest away from hospitals and are often some of the poorest in our country, as we have recently learned with the community of Attawapiskat and many others. It is utterly negligent for the government to deny them access to basic health care while providing, through the bill, education that says, rightly, that more women should be tested and more frequently.
I would ask the Minister of Health to explain this hypocrisy to the House today and, if she cannot, then to commit to creating legislation that will ensure that Nunavut has equal access to essential health services, as it is their right to have.
My colleagues and I are not alone in thinking that the bill is weak and ineffective. The Canadian Breast Cancer Network is the national link between all of Canada's breast cancer prevention organizations, including the Canadian Cancer Society, the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation and the Breast Cancer Foundation of Canada, and they do not believe that the bill does enough to enhance screening for women at risk of breast cancer.
I know that the government has a hard time listening to expert advice from those members of civil society who know better than it does, but I beg the government to take note of three major recommendations that the Canadian Breast Cancer Network is saying will make a real difference for Canadian women.
First is new clinical screening machines, MRI digital mammogram machines, that are more routinely used on all women. We must invest in state-of-the-art technology to save cancer patients now. A government that can invest in fighter jets can surely afford the diagnostic machines that have been proven to save the lives of cancer patients.
Second, screening for all women should begin at the age of 40. The government must fund a federal program to establish screening programs for women aged 40 to 49. It is proven that early detection is paramount with breast cancer, and that is why a program that gives women access to doctors and screening before the age of 50 is crucial.
Third, the CBCN has identified that Nunavut must have a breast cancer screening program. We must work with the territorial government to fund this program to reach out to at-risk women instead of demanding that they travel out of territory to receive equal health care.
While the Canadian Cancer Society is, of course, eager for legislation aimed at preventing breast cancer, it has come out and said that this bill will not produce any tangible outcomes for breast cancer patients and their families.
It is also important that we speak to the needs of families when we talk about cancer.
Anyone who has had a family member with cancer, as I have, can tell us how important it is to be supported in the role of an informal caregiver. We do not have enough home care in any of our provinces or territories in Canada; when family members become ill, it almost always falls on their family and community to care for them. This has practical repercussions on people's lives. When I say "support", I do not mean only emotional and spiritual support for the patient. Although the value of emotional support is unquantifiable in difficult times, Canadians need practical financial support as well.
Alex Jahad, a physician who was the keynote speaker at the CAT conference, said in his address that informal caregivers are the largest invisible majority in health care. They are usually women who are also working and at the same time raising children. Less than one-quarter of these women receive any financial support from the system. In consequence, they themselves will develop chronic conditions and illnesses brought on by overwork and stress.
Dr. Jahad said that the amount of unpaid informal care that takes place in Canada translates to $80 billion to $90 billion of labour. I would therefore like to take this opportunity to remind the House about the NDP's position on increasing access to employment insurance for anybody who must take leave from work in order to take care of a sick relative.
There are real changes that can be made to help fight breast cancer, and we know what they are. The experts have told us what they are. This government is lacking the political will to take serious action. We must fund programs and create the legislation that will have real effects on the lives of Canadians, not just short-term bandage solutions.
Breast Density Awareness ActPrivate Members' Business
1:50 p.m.
Patrick Brown Conservative Barrie, ON
Madam Speaker, before I get into the essence of the bill, I want to respond to a few of the comments made by the member for Scarborough—Rouge River.
This is a bill on breast cancer screening. I know she is new to this chamber, but a royal recommendation is not permitted in a private member's bill. Funding of doctors is not something one can do through a private member's bill. Therefore, I think it is inappropriate to suggest it is something that could have been added to the bill.
May I also add that it is a bit disingenuous, in the sense that the member for Scarborough—Rouge River is an active supporter of the Ontario New Democratic Party; when it was in power, for the first time in Ontario's history it cut medical enrolment, so the root challenge we face in Ontario, in her riding, exists because of the party she supported when it was in office. If we do not train and graduate doctors, we will not have them in our ridings to work on the many essential medical needs.
With regard to the bill, one in nine women will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some time during their lives. According to the Canadian Cancer Society, over 24,000 Canadian women will have been diagnosed with breast cancer this year alone. Sadly, 5,000 of them will lose their fight.
Cancer care has been a critical issue to me, and when I was presented with the opportunity to present a private member's bill, I knew instantly that I wanted to do something in this field. Every year, thousands of Barrie residents in my riding participate in the CIBC Run for the Cure. It really is inspiring to see so many people who care so much about battling this insidious disease.
While putting thought to this bill, I felt it was important not only for women but for all of us to be aware of the fact that screening for breast cancer can save lives. Providing women with accurate information about screening is therefore important and will ultimately help them make decisions that are right for them. This is the essence of Bill C-314. Breast cancer is more easily treated and, in most cases, curable when found early.
Dense breast tissue is one of the top risk factors for breast cancer, and it is important for women to be informed of this fact. This can be done when they are screened for breast cancer by a mammogram, but women who have breast dense tissue should also know that the potential cancer may not be detected because it cannot be seen on a mammogram and therefore diagnosed by radiologists. It appears white on mammograms and therefore is more challenging to detect.
What Bill C-314 would do is highlight the importance of being informed and work with the provinces and territories through the national screening program in order to ensure that women receive this information.
For many women, especially young women, who have a higher incidence of dense breast tissue, having this information is essential to their decision-making process. This knowledge will provide them with the tools they need to make personal health care decisions.
Women who are informed that they have dense breast tissue may need to go for a different type of screening, such as an ultrasound or an MRI. Possible cancers may be deciphered more readily by a specialist using this type of diagnostic testing.
We are fortunate in Canada to have screening programs for breast cancer. Our provinces and territories deliver these programs to detect breast cancer early, before it has spread, so that treatment can be started. Providing more information through these programs will help women and their doctors make well-informed decisions regarding breast cancer screening. Targeting dense breast tissue is one of the means by which, through this piece of legislation, we can make a tangible difference in the fight against breast cancer.
I know too many loved ones, friends and even colleagues on the Hill, who have been touched by cancer. Through this bill I hope to not only make a difference but hopefully save lives.
I hope I can count on the members of the House to support this private member's bill, Bill C-314.
Also, I am thankful to Andrea Paine, in the Minister of Health's office, for her assistance, and I thank also Dr. Rob Ballagh, from the city of Barrie; Councillor Bonnie Ainsworth; Mike Richmond, from Toronto; and my assistant in my Barrie office, Shawn Bubel, who assisted on the drafting of this bill.
In Barrie we are building a cancer centre right now. This is one of the items I discussed with our CEO, Janice Skot. I appreciate her advice that it is this type of initiative that can really help make a difference.
Breast Density Awareness ActPrivate Members' Business
1:55 p.m.
The Deputy Speaker NDP Denise Savoie
The time provided for debate has expired.
The question is on the motion. Is it the pleasure of the House to adopt the motion?
Breast Density Awareness ActPrivate Members' Business
1:55 p.m.
Some hon. members
On division.
Breast Density Awareness ActPrivate Members' Business
1:55 p.m.
The Deputy Speaker NDP Denise Savoie
I declare the motion carried. Accordingly, the bill stands referred to the Standing Committee on Health.
(Motion agreed to, bill read the second time and referred to a committee)
It being two o'clock, the motion to adjourn the House is now deemed to have been adopted. Accordingly, this House stands adjourned until Monday at 11 a.m., pursuant to Standing Order 24(1).
(The House adjourned at 2:00 p.m.)


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Last week, Radio Soulwax (one of Stephen and David Dewaele's incarnations - if you're confused about which combination's which, they clear it up pretty well at the start of their documentary 'Part Of The Weekend Never Dies') released an hour long video; 'RSWX presents Dave', part of their eventual 24 hours of remixes to be released through their app. It's an hour long Radio Soulwax remix of David Bowie songs, accompanied by a highly surreal film "Dave", a sort of Bowie v1.0, who hunts down his various alter egos and shoots his album covers. Although that sounds quite straight-forward and reasonable, it certainly isn't; much as you'd expect from anything attempting to conjure a coherent narrative from Bowie's album covers, it's pretty freaky.
I was first sent the link by a friend, who acknowledged the extent of my Bowie mania and propensity to over-react to supposedly good covers by tentatively stating that he wasn't sure if it was genius or heresy. Stay calm my fellow obsess-ees, of course the mixing is sublime – this is Soulwax we're dealing with. The remix itself is essentially a showcasing of Bowie's vocals, often stripping away everything else and letting the lyrics and melody speak for themselves. From the audible smile in his voice as he sings 'Kooks', to the velvet wealth of 'Let's Dance' or the slight quake in 'Five Years', hearing the classics reduced down to their essence is humbling and made me listen closer than I had in years. Often, the mixing is little more than a seamless transition between songs (no mean feat when you consider the sheer diversity of the Thin White one's output), but there are moments when the brothers Dewaele simply can't help themselves. There's a gorgeous little jam off the 'Rebel Rebel' riff, and some seriously spooky synths lurking beneath 'Space Oddity', which then gently, and mindbendingly, fades into "Ragazzo solo, ragazza sola" – Bowie's subsequent Italian version of the same song. Similarly, 'Ziggy Stardust' is pitchbent under RSWX's loving touch, then fades into an acoustic version. As the blurb comments, it's a collection of "all things Bowie", with originals, covers, backing vocals and reworks all beautifully fitted together.
The visual accompaniment is no less impressive. Wim Reygaert, who shot the app's first film, 'Into The Vortex', guides us through the life and times of Bowie, squeezing in his collaborations with Iggy, Lou and Queen, his acting career, and his time in Berlin amongst much else. With its infinite corridors, exploding noir detectives and backwards clocks, the whole thing is feverishly dreamlike and distinctly Kafkaesque. "Dave", the "original" Bowie, travels through time, finding and confronting his various selves, alter egos and personalities. With a repeated motif of selecting one of his ID's, it's a Bowie who is facing all of himself, in the words of Soulwax "changing whilst remaining himself". It brings to mind Todd Heynes' Dylan biopic 'I'm Not There'; a complex homage to a many faceted musician. In both cases, the male lead is played by a woman – Cate Blanchett's weirdly attractive Dylan is not far from Hannelore Knuts' portrayal of Bowie's fragile, cutting cheekbone androgyny. Both Dylan and Bowie are notoriously media-savvy, which allows these unconventional interpretations offer an unusually deep insight; a stylised version of the mysterious reality.
There seems to be something about Bowie that invites tributes and homages; from Flight of the Conchords to the BBC's Life On Mars and Ashes to Ashes shows, it seems that there's something in Bowie's art school, self-invention vibe that inspires others to riff on his various incarnations. I don't really believe that anyone ever forgets the genius of David Bowie – but if you somehow had, this would be the perfect way to reignite your enthusiasm once and for all. Perhaps I can't be objective though; I once made a friend of mine lie on the floor in the dark and listen to 'Sound and Vision' when she said she hadn't heard of Bowie.
My only complaint is this "Dave" business. On what possible level is David Bowie a Dave?

subset: commoncrawl


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A corporate-style monolith corners the market on holiday retail, cruelly displacing its outmoded workforce and crassly insisting that any individuals that fall through the cracks are part of the cost of business.
But 99 percenters don't need to start an Occupy North Pole movement over "Arthur Christmas," the animated comedy that shows how Santa Claus manages to deliver all those presents in a modern global market.
This pleasant holiday treat from Aardman, the British animation outfit behind "Chicken Run" and "Wallace and Gromit in the Curse of the Were-Rabbit," has the old-fashioned spirit of Christmas at heart, spinning a snowflake-light tale with warmth, energy and goofy humor.
The title character is a classic holiday misfit, a cousin to Rudolph or Hermey the Elf, trying to find a niche in the vast enterprise that is Christmas. The upbeat, lanky younger son of Santa Claus, Arthur (voiced by James McAvoy) desperately wants to contribute to the family business but is a clumsy bumbler assigned to a job where he can do the least harm: answering children's letters to the man in red.
The glory goes to his dad (Jim Broadbent), the latest in a long line of Santas, who has become a dotty figurehead as older, bolder son Steve (Hugh Laurie) revamps the sleigh-and-reindeer method with a mechanized operation that includes a massive sleighship with stealth technology. Elves descend down ropes like ninjas to leave 2 billion gifts all over the world in a single night, while Santa heir-apparent Steve oversees things from North Pole mission control.
Yet after a single present goes awry, leaving one little girl in Britain just hours away from awaking to a joyless Christmas, Steve shrugs it off as an acceptable rate of error, while drowsy Santa heads off to sleep alongside Mrs. Claus (Imelda Staunton).
Arthur, the one member of the family who truly understands the meaning of the season, can't stand the thought of a child missing out. He and loopy Grandsanta (Bill Nighy), the former Mr. Claus who still pines for his golden days, set off in the original old reindeer-pulled sleigh to deliver the wayward present before dawn, accompanied by eager gift-wrapping elf Bryony (Ashley Jensen, copping a hilariously rippling Scottish accent).
In her directing debut, Aardman veteran Sarah Smith and her co-writer Peter Baynham offer a fresh look at the Santa legend: a flawed Claus. Santa and his kin are as dysfunctional a family as any of those on their Christmas-delivery list, with petty jealousy extending over three generations, from Grandsanta to Santa to Steve.
Only Arthur among the Claus menfolk has his heart in the right place, and it's up to him to overcome his own ineptitude and insecurity to emerge, possibly, as the true alpha male of the Kringle clan.
There are lulls and comic misfires that feel like stocking stuffers the filmmakers threw in to pad "Arthur Christmas" to feature length. The story is simple enough that it could have been told in half the time by one of those old Rankin-Bass TV Christmas specials, whose unabashedly corny spirit lives on among the Aardman folks.
A Chatty Cathy of a cartoon, "Arthur Christmas" also crams in more manic banter than viewers, particularly young children, can digest (the Anglo accents will make it even harder for U.S. audiences to decipher some of the repartee).
Still, the visual gags will carry youngsters along, while there are plenty of clever wisecracks to keep their parents occupied. Bryony's lightning proficiency at wrapping gifts contributes some of the biggest laughs, no matter how many times the filmmakers fall back on it.
Following "Flushed Away," this is the second computer-generated cartoon from Aardman, whose earlier entries were created by stop-motion animation. But it's the company's first digital 3-D feature, and while the images are fine, it amounts to another case of unnecessary 3-D presentation from Hollywood. The extra dimension adds little.
Yet it's nowhere near as unnecessary as the Justin Bieber music video of "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" that precedes the movie, in jarring 3-D. Hearing Bieber's take on the holiday chestnut in the end-credits is more than enough.
"Arthur Christmas," a
Motion Picture Association of America rating definitions:
G -- General audiences. All ages admitted.
PG -- Parental guidance suggested. Some material may not be suitable for children.
PG-13 -- Special parental guidance strongly suggested for children under 13. Some material may be inappropriate for young children.
R -- Restricted. Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian.
NC-17 -- No one under 17 admitted.


text:
Nick Name: Debby Ayu
Place / Date of Birth: Bandar Lampung, August 7, 1988
Parents: Darilsyah. B & Darlisa
Film: The Threatening Prayer, kimpoi Contract Again MBA (Married By Accident)
FTV: Flowers, Do not Go From me, boyfriend Refill, Between me, You and Your Love
Sinetron: That, Achieving Dreams
Mobile phones: Nokia E90, Nokia E71, Nokia 8800 Arte &
Favorite Feature: Internet
Debby Ayu Novitasari Agustine or commonly called Debby Ayu often look sexy. After playing in 'The Threatening Prayer', Debby appear bold in the 'Contract kimpoi Again' and 'Married By Accident'.
In 'Married By Accident' he acted as Stella, the girl who hooked HiperSeks mutually boys. Do not be afraid nicknamed bomseks artist?
Debby Ayu who are currently enrolled at the London School is not afraid to admit it got the nickname. For Debby, though to look sexy but still professional.
Debby career journey started at the end of 2006. At that time he moved to Jakarta and started his career as a model. Debby is also an acting school to support his career. After posing for various magazines, he began to explore FTV display and advertising.
Professionalism became the reason for the smooth running of the body was willing Debby enjoyed a lot of people. "Oh what to do anymore, I'm ready if for that (the bed scene-ed). It must be a professional when he received the role, "said Debby when found in Dian Kenanga, Housing, South Jakarta, Monday (24 / 5)
Movie stars Married By Accident (MBA) was trying to comply with the requirement to support the story and screenplay of his career.
"Origin in accordance with the needs of the scenario, and indeed the scene was necessary to support the story to make it more comfortable for viewing, I was not a problem," explained the model of today's magazines.
Although ready to appear vulgar, it does not mean Debby easily accept the offer to play the movie. He said, a lot of consideration before accepting a role that should show sexiness.
"Is not it all be dirembukkin first, first dipikirin careful about the concept of the same story. I also do not want to if the main theme of the film with a story that is not clear, "she said.
Debby ready to accept the logical consequence of roles open bid-opening. She also does not mind being branded a sex bomb.
"Yes to know how to anymore, that's the assessment from the community. Important personalities in the film and everyday I'm much different. If you say yes sex bomb it's okay, "the lid


text:
how to add a "A" at PCR product ends
- This topic has 6 replies, 5 voices, and was last updated 8 years, 8 months ago by CarmeanC.
April 11, 2007 at 4:53 pm #7409
I want to ligate PCR product with T-vector, also I need high efficiency because the PCR product is random PCR. So, I only need a "A" at the PCR products ends to make sure the efficiency. How to do that.
I worried Taq would add poly A at the ends.
April 11, 2007 at 5:42 pm #71076blcr11Participant
I think one of the versions of Taq is what you want to use for AT cloning. I'm not aware of any serious problems in adding large tracts of As with any of the commercially available enzymes.
April 11, 2007 at 5:54 pm #71077
Thanks for the reply.
Actually, I am not sure it adds one or more A at the ends.
I just found in the manual of TOPO vector, "Another approach was to utilize the terminal transferase activity of Taq DNA polymerase which adds a single 3´-A overhang to each end of a PCR product. " It looks TAQ ONLY add one A.quote blcr11:I think one of the versions of Taq is what you want to use for AT cloning. I'm not aware of any serious problems in adding large tracts of As with any of the commercially available enzymes.
April 11, 2007 at 8:36 pm #71079canalonParticipant
Taq adds one A at the end. If you are using Pfu or another polymerase you might have some problem but If I remembre correctly by just making a mix of buffer (1x final), DNA and a few units of Taq and incubating a short time at 72C you can add the extra A at the end of a PCR product that did not had it in the first place. ALternatively some highfidelity mix are a mix of Taq and Pfu and have the A overhang too.
April 11, 2007 at 11:23 pm #71082
I find useful information but cannot post the link.
Taq does not always add an A to the 3′ end of the PCR product.
(Hu, 1993 DNA and Cell Biology 12 (8) 763-770.,
D. Denney, Jr. and I. Weissman 1990 Amplifications 4: 25-26.,
V.L. Magnuson, D.S. Ally, S.J. Nylund, Z.E. Karanjawala, A.L. Lowe, S. Gough and F.S. Collins, 1996 Substrate nucleotide-determined non-templated addition of adenine by Taq DNA polymerase: implications afor PCR-based genotyping and cloning. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:700-709.(see for a more detailed version of the chart below)
Hite, J., Eckert, K. A., Cheng K. C., 1996. Factors affecting fidelity of DNA synthesis during PCR amplification of d(C-A)nd(G-T)n microsatelite repeats. Nucleic Acid Res. 24: 2429-2434.,
Costa and Weiner, 1994 NAR 22 (12) 2423.)
If the 3' nucleotide of the PCR product strand is a T, then Taq modifies the 3' end to – T, + A. (nucleotides shown in order of occurence)
If the 3' nucleotide of the PCR product strand is a G, then Taq modifies the 3' end to +G > + A > +C.
If the 3' nucleotide of the PCR product strand is a C, then Taq modifies the 3' end to + A > +C.
If the 3' nucleotide of the PCR product strand is an A, then Taq modifies the 3' end to + A.
This means that you need to design the 5′ end of the primers to end in T in order to get an A added to the 3′ end of the PCR product.
The number of PCR cycles affects the cloning efficiency when using TA-vectors (vectors that have a single TTP or UTP overhang designed to exploit the addition of a single 3'-dA to PCR products by Taq DNA polymerase. Performing excessive cycles that result in more template than enzyme may result in ragged ends due to incomplete elongation. Amplified PCR products (particularly from excess template) exist as a heterogeneous mixture of ragged ends, blunt ends and 3'-overhangs (extendase activity) and incompletely extended fragments that can generate PCR monsters during subsequent PCR cycles. The degree of heterogeneity is strongly influenced by the nucleotides immediately flanking the 3'-end.
The efficiency of a 3'-dA addition ranged from 4-75% depending on the nucleotide composition of the 3'-end of the PCR product.
( J. M. Brownstein, J. D. Carptena and J. R. Smith 1996 BioTechniques 20: 1004-1010.,
V. L. Magnuson, P. S. Ally, S. J. Nyland, Z. E. Karanjuwala, J. B. Rayman, J. I. Knapp, A. L. Lowe, S. Ghosh and F. S> Collins 1996 BioTechniques 21: 700-709.)
To promote "3'-dA" addition, an extended post-PCR incubation (10 to 90 minutes at 72C) is required and the base composition of the 3'-ends is restricted.
If you have used a proofreading polymerase (with 3′- 5′ exonuclease activity), then you will not have A overhangs capable of ligating to the T overhangs of your vector.
PCR reactions contain unincorporated dATP that is a competitive inhibitor for the ATP in the ligation reaction. 66 µM dATP in the ligation reaction will inhibit ligation 60%. (1992 BRL Technical Bulletin 5224-1. )
SOC gives 2x more transformants than LB. SOB/SOC contain twice the Bacto tryptone of LB and provide protein precursors for rapid repair of cell walls damaged by generation of competent cells and the electroporation process, maintain isotonicity to prevent cell death by osmotic rupture and SOC contains glucose for easy energy conversion. (R. Hopper 1995 Genetic Engineering News 15 (9) 18.)
April 13, 2007 at 9:43 pm #71138LAKSHParticipant
Hi You can do your regular PCR reaction with a hot start platinum taq polymerase which would add poly A's at the 3′ end. The PCR product could then be directly used for your Topo cloning reaction
March 9, 2012 at 6:38 pm #110055CarmeanCParticipant
There is now a listing on the OpenWetWare Wiki about adding 3′ A overhangs using Taq polymerase.
The site listing can be found here: http://openwetware.org/wiki/Addition_of … R_products
In order to overcome the fact that Taq will add non-A bases in some cases to the ends in a sequence dependent manner, you need to first purify your PCR product by using a PCR purification kit (I use the Qiagen column kit for PCR purification).
After purification, you can add ONLY buffer, template, dATP, and Taq. Then it's absolutely impossible for Taq to add non-A bases on the ends. Even if your efficiency is low, incorporation of the A will occur at a MUCH higher rate than if you used raw PCR product containing all 4 trinucleotides.
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text:
"Forever", "Always"… These words we use quite so often, for quite so many people. I'd be hypocrite if I said I haven't done the same. I'm guilty of it too. Just as much.
"Forever", "Always " these words are a promise within themselves. A promise we make without even a flinch most probably, Without a second thought I bet. How cruel are we?! Do we not take promises so seriously? Do we not believe that someone somewhere might just believe it? That someone somewhere might just hold you to it, this promise you have made. For forever and always?
Maybe we just throw around words without knowing the intensity they hold, their meaningfulness, their depth… We make promises without knowing that there still exists some people who take words seriously, for what they stand. And we unknowingly hurt and let uncontrollably bleed. We humans do that I guess. We don't always say what we mean, and we don't always mean what we say. I guess It has been like this, since… forever and always.


text:
Prince Harry Steps Out Solo on William's Anniversary Weekend
The younger prince hits two spots in Mayfair while his brother and sister-in-law celebrate quietly
Credit: Planet Photos/Zuma
For the single prince, the party must go on.
As Prince William quietly celebrated a year of married life this weekend, his younger brother Prince Harry enjoyed the London nightlife, hitting spots in Mayfair on Friday and Saturday nights.
On Saturday, the dapper prince, 27 – looking the spitting image of father, Prince Charles – was photographed in a white button-down shirt leaving the Novikov restaurant solo.
The previous evening, he reportedly spent time at the ultra-exclusive Arts Club, also in Mayfair.
There was no sign of Mollie King, the British pop star who has been linked to Prince Harry recently.


text:
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It is usually worn more than 40 hours per week. Sometimes, it even has a protective function. And no matter what, it helps with the work. Besides good production and convincing functionality, the basic materials and accessories are the critical factors for ensuring their robust nature and long life.
That is why we have opted for zip fasteners from YKK, thread from Amann and fabric from Kindermann in Ibbenbüren or Kettelhack in Rheine. Quality is critical.


text:
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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
On-line version ISSN 2078-5135
Print version ISSN 0256-9574
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.100 n.12 Pretoria Dec. 2010
Should routine serological screening for HCV be mandatory in HIV/AIDS patients enrolling for HAART in South Africa?
Maemu P GededzhaI; M Jeffrey MphahleleII; Azwidowi LukhwareniII; Selokela G SelabeII
IMSc (Med). HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, University of Limpopo and National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria
IIPhD. HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, University of Limpopo and National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria
To the Editor: Globally, an estimated 170 million people (about 3% of the world's population) have been infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV, a member of the Hepacivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family, possesses a single stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 9.6 kilobase (kb), and is the major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.1 In Africa, HCV prevalence ranges from <3% in South Africa to >20% in Egypt. In South Africa, there is a low prevalence from 0.16% to 1.8%,2-5 but this is higher in high-risk individuals, e.g. 39.4% in haemophiliacs and 4.8% in chronic dialysis patients.2
Some 4 -5 million people globally are co-infected with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).6 Co-infection with HCV and HIV is common owing to shared routes of transmission - via blood and blood products and sharing of needles for injecting drugs.7 The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) dramatically improved the management of HIV patients. However, co-infections with opportunistic infections such as HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) remain a major problem. Patients with HIV/HCV co-infection have less immune reconstitution than patients with HIV infection alone,8 and HAART may worsen the outcome of HCV disease, through enhancement of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.9
South Africa has scaled up HAART for treatment of HIV/AIDS in the public health sector since April 2003. However, research programmes to monitor the efficacy of HAART in HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with HBV and HCV do not exist. We have shown that 63% of HIV-positive South African patients initiating HAART have past or present HBV infection.10 However, few data exist on the burden of HCV prevalence in HIV patients. One study demonstrated a low prevalence of 1.9%,11 and another a high prevalence of 13.4% in KwaZulu-Natal.12
We investigated the burden of HCV co-infection in HIV-positive patients enrolling for HAART at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria. The study population comprised 653 serum samples stored at -70ºC from adult HIV/AIDS patients who were candidates for HAART at Tshepang Clinic, Dr George Mukhari Hospital (DGMH), Pretoria, from 2004 to 2006. The Research, Ethics and Publication Committee of the University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, approved the study. All sera were screened for anti-HCV marker using the AxSYM assays version 3.0 (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago) following the manufacturer's instructions.
Owing to limited serum volumes to confirm the initial screening results with a second serological assay, all anti-HCV positives (samples with S/CO, i.e. ratio of the sample rate (S) to the cut-off rate (CO) for each sample and control) above 5.23 and preliminary positives (samples with S/CO between 1.00 and 5.00) were subjected to in-house qualitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Viral RNA was extracted from serum with the QIAmp viral mini RNA kits (Qiagen Gmbh, Germany), followed by PCR targeting of the highly conserved 5'-untranslated region (UTR) as previously described with slight modifications.13 PCR positive samples were sequenced to confirm the specificity of the PCR products (SpectruMedix SCE 2410 Genetic Analysis System, LLC, PA).
Only 1.2% (8/653) of samples were positive for anti-HCV, with S/CO values ranging from 5.69 to 37.8. Of these 8 samples, HCV RNA was detected in only one, which had the highest anti-HCV titre of 37.8 (Table I). Sequencing confirmed that the RT-PCR product is HCV-specific. In contrast, 20.7% (135/653) of preliminary positive samples had S/CO values ranging from 1.02 to 4.48. None of these samples tested positive for HCV by RT-PCR.
Laboratory diagnosis of HCV has major limitations as most available serological assays do not distinguish between acute, chronic and past infections. HCV RNA positive is regarded to be a marker of replication, whereas HCV RNA negative in anti-HCV positive patients indicates either resolved infection or very low viraemia with HCV RNA levels below the detection limit of the RT-PCR assay.
South Africa has one of the highest number of people living with HIV.14 This study found a sero-prevalence of only 1.2% in HIV/AIDS patients enrolling for HAART in Pretoria. All but one appeared to have past or resolved HCV infection as indicated by a negative RT-PCR assay. Comparable findings were reported in pregnant women from Gabon.15 During the natural history of HCV infection, 20 - 30% of infected individuals eliminate the virus spontaneously.16 The low prevalence of HCV antibodies in our study could be due to missed HCV antibodies, as many HIV/AIDS patients fail to generate antibodies owing to immunosuppression,17 and RT-PCR assay was used only to confirm anti-HCV positives or preliminary positives. The high number of HCV RNA negative results may also be the result of false anti-HCV positives with AxSYM 3.0 assay as the initial screening results were not confirmed with another serological assay owing to insufficient sera. Other limitations include lack of fresh samples, insufficient volume and that the study was conducted on patients attending a tertiary HIV referral clinic in a hospital setting.
Our study shows that most HIV/AIDS patients initiating HAART at DGMH have low exposure to, or active, HCV infection. In contrast to high rates of HBV and HIV co-infection in similar patients at DGMH, it appears that HIV/AIDS is not a risk factor for increased detection of HCV co-infection. While our findings do not support mandatory HCV screening in HIV/AIDS patients initiating HAART in South Africa, consideration should be given to patients who may be at an increased risk, such as HIV-positive haemophiliacs, injection drug users and diabetics. HCV antiviral therapy that may benefit such high-risk patients is increasingly becoming available in South African tertiary public hospitals through public-private partnerships.
We thank staff members of Tshepang HIV Outpatient Clinic, DGMH and the National Health Laboratory Service at DGMH Tertiary Laboratory, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, for technical assistance. This study was supported in part by grants from the South African National Research Foundation and the Poliomyelitis Research Foundation.
1. Sulkowski MS, Mast EE, Seeff LB, Thomas DL. Hepatitis C virus infection as an opportunistic disease in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30(1):s77-s84. [ Links ]
2. Soni PN, Tait DR, Kenoyer DG, et al. Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in a South African area endemic for hepatitis B virus. J Med Virol 1993;40(1):65-68. [ Links ]
3. Basetse H, Peenze I, Aspinall S. Hepatitis C virus antibodies in the black population of Garankuwa. SMLTSA 1993;6(5):88-89. [ Links ]
4. Ellis L, Brown D, Conradie J, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C in South Africa: detection of anti-HCV in recent and stored serum. J Med Virol 1990;32(4):249-251. [ Links ]
5. Vardas E, Ross M, Sharp G, Mc Anerney J, Sim J. Viral hepatitis in South African healthcare workers at increased risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne viruses. J Hosp Infect 2002;50:6-12. [ Links ]
6. Alter M. Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection. J Hepatol 2006;44:S6-S9. [ Links ]
7. Newcomb-Fernandez J. Co-infection with HIV and hepatitis C: An overview. RITA 2004;10(2):5-16. [ Links ]
8. Miller MF, Haley C, Koziel MJ, Rowley CF. Impact of hepatitis C virus on immune restoration in HIV-infected patients who start highly active antiretroviral therapy: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41(5):713-720. [ Links ]
9. Sulkowski MS, Thomas DL, Chaisson RE, Moore RD. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus and the role of hepatitis C or B virus infection. J Am Med Assoc 2000;283(1):74-80. [ Links ]
10. Lukhwareni A, Burnett RJ, Selabe SG, Mzileni MO, Mphahlele MJ. Increased detection of HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative South African HIV/AIDS patients enrolling for highly active antiretroviral therapy at a tertiary hospital. J Med Virol 2009;81(3):406-412. [ Links ]
11. Amin J, Kaye M, Skidmore S, Pillay D, Cooper DA, Dore GJ. HIV and hepatitis C co-infection within CAESAR study. HIV Medicine 2004;5(3):174-179. [ Links ]
12. Parboosing R, Paruk I, Lalloo UG. Hepatitis C virus seropositivity in a South African cohort of HIV co-infected, ARV naïve patients is associated with renal insufficiency and increased mortality. J Med Virol 2008;80:1530-1536. [ Links ]
13. Sithebe NP, Aspinall S, Smuts H. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection at Garankuwa hospital. S Afr Med J 1996;86(12):1543-1545. [ Links ]
14. South African Department of Health. 2008 National Antenatal Sentinel HIV & Syphilis Prevalence Survey. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2009/nassps/index.html (accessed 17 March 2010). [ Links ]
15. Ndong-Atome G, Makuwa M, Njouom R, et al. Hepatitis C virus prevalence and genetic diversity among pregnant women in Gabon, central Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2008;8(82):1471-2334. [ Links ]
16. Kohara M, Stuver S, Tsubouchi H. Spontaneous elimination of hepatitis C virus RNA in individuals with persistent infection in a hyperendemic area of Japan. Hepatol Res 2006;34(1):28-34. [ Links ]
17. Sorbi D, Shen D, Lake-Bakaar G. Influence of HIV disease on serum anti-HCV antibody titers: a study of intravenous drug users. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1996;13:295-296. [ Links ]
Accepted 30 August 2010.
Corresponding author: S Selabe (firstname.lastname@example.com)


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Poached Goose Egg at Chef Frederik de Pue's Table in Washington DC
Inside Chef Frederik de Pue's recently opened Table in the Shaw neighborhood of D.C., you'll find a minimally decorated converted garage where chef de Pue and his staff work in full view of diners in an exposed kitchen that runs the length of the space. Those that enjoy the theater of cooking should claim one of the kitchen-side chef's tables.
Table is an interactive restaurant with hand-written menus incorporating French and Belgian cuisine with seasonality. At about 50 seats, Table's relatively small size is something de Pue counts as an advantage. "We're not large enough to need to have a consistent menu and have the freedom to be flexible."
Take, for instance, an intermittently featured poached goose egg dish that de Pue facetiously refers to as "Chef's Eggs.". He only receives 12 goose eggs every two weeks that are up to his standards, and he only makes as many egg dishes as he has eggs (so, not too many). Poached and served on a bed of chanterelle and beech mushrooms and a few pieces of crisp, buttery grilled toast, the giant goose eggs coat the already buttery mushrooms in more savory richness.
It's a dish that demonstrates de Pue's desire to "take familiar dishes, but make them unique by combining the flavors of many different ingredients." From a Burgundy snails dish served with a spinach flan to a dorade with soy marinated vegetables, it's easy to see de Pue's subtle, but inspired touches throughout the menu. There's also an extensive by-the-glass wine list.
Table has been off to a strong start since opening and to follow it up, de Pue will be opening Azur later in April. Billed as an "upscale casual contemporary" seafood spot that will open in Penn Quarter that will draw inspiration from American and Belgian cuisine.
Table 903 N St. NW, Washington, DC 20001 (map) 202-588-5200; tabledc.com
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Here's the latest article from the Insurance site at BellaOnline.com.
Tornadoes Happen Every Year. Are You Prepared?
You don't have to be hit by a tornado to experience damage. Taking a little time to prepare could save you thousands of dollars and hours of clean-up.
Please visit insurance.bellaonline.com for even more great content about Insurance.
To participate in free, fun online discussions, this site has a community forum all about Insurance located here -
I hope to hear from you sometime soon, either in the forum or in response to this email message. I thrive on your feedback!
Have fun passing this message along to family and friends, because we all love free knowledge!
Denise M. Castille, Insurance Editor
One of hundreds of sites at BellaOnline.com


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The Deepwater Horizon disaster happened in one of the worst places in the world for an oil spill — 5,000 feet below the surface in a body of water that scientists admitted they knew little about, where it could potentially ruin both the seafood and tourism industries that depended on it.
On Monday, more than two years later, some of the nation's top scientists — including the heads of three government agencies — published a comprehensive review of the scientific response to the disaster. One thing they found is that they still don't know nearly enough about the Gulf of Mexico to say how the spill affected it or how to be prepared for another.
Another is that they still don't know what the impacts dispersants such as Corexit — used during the 2010 disaster in ways it had never been used before — have had on a wide range of species in the gulf.
"The jury is still out on the environmental impacts," said Steve Murawski, formerly the chief federal fisheries scientist and now a University of South Florida marine science professor, who co-wrote one of the papers. "Much more work needs to be done."
One new study, released on Friday, found that the dispersant may have made the oil more toxic to wildlife than the oil alone would have been.
The Environmental Protection Agency had tested Corexit on fish and shrimp before clearing it for use in dealing with Deepwater Horizon. BP then sprayed the dispersant directly at the wellhead spewing oil from the bottom of the gulf, even though no one had ever tried spraying it below the water's surface before. It also used more of the dispersant than had been used in any previous oil spill, 1.8 million gallons, to try to break up the oil before it reached shore.
The new study by the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes in Mexico looked at the impact the dispersant had on rotifers, a sensitive microscopic creature that's eaten by crabs, shrimp and small fish in the gulf. It found that combining the dispersant with the oil boosted the toxicity to rotifers by a factor of 52. Testing continues.
Despite that scientific uncertainty, Murawski said, the oil industry is so sold on Corexit that the companies that conduct similar deep-sea drilling projects have all stocked up on it to use at the next such disaster.
Among the other suspected impacts of the dispersant were the underwater plumes of oil droplets that USF scientists were instrumental in discovering. Future oil spill response plans should include a search for similar plumes, something that's not there now, Murawski said.
Monday's newly published papers also called for developing ways to capture oil from the ocean's surface that are more efficient than skimming and putting out booms — two techniques that failed to collect much oil when the waves got rough in the gulf.
They also called for setting up in advance a way to pay for rapid scientific assessments of future spills. The millions of dollars spent on assessing Deepwater Horizon's impact came in "a shotgun approach," Murawski said.
They urged a concerted effort to fill in continuing information gaps about the marine environment where deepwater drilling occurs.
"We need an adequate baseline," Murawski said, noting that the last publication on the diseases of fish in the gulf was from 1996. That has made it difficult to connect a spike in the occurrence of diseased fish near the Deepwater Horizon site with the oil spill itself. "It's very frustrating," he said.
Murawski said he met with oil industry scientists recently to ask for their help in getting corporate funding for a gulfwide environmental monitoring system — and met with sympathy but little else.
He said they asked how they could make a business case for backing such a system. "They kept saying, 'If the regulators don't require it, then why should we spend money on it?' "
Monday's studies did find that a lot of the scientific work done in haste during the spill turned out to be right, including a controversial pie chart showing where the oil had gone. According to the chart, "a quarter of the oil is still unaccounted for," Murawski said. "But we know where it is."
Some of it remains on the bottom of the gulf, buried under a few centimeters of debris and likely to be stirred up again by the creatures that like to burrow in the ocean bottom, he said. Some remains in the marshes of Barataria Bay, La., where research has shown the oil may be causing sickness and death among dolphins. And along parts of the gulf beaches, there's a strip of "tar pavement" just beneath the sand, Murawski said.
"When the hurricane (Debby) came, it washed the sand away and made it look like a paved highway out there," he said. That weathered tar "will be with us for a long time."
The papers published Monday were co-written by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration chief Jane Lubchenco, Department of Energy Secretary Stephen Chu and U.S. Geological Survey head Marcia McNutt, among other scientists, and were put out as part of a special issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
Craig Pittman can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Danks focuses on cutter in second spring after surgery
GLENDALE, Ariz. -- John Danks never worried about his velocity during Spring Trainings prior to last year, a 2013 season in which he couldn't help but look at the speed reading to somewhat gauge progress made after season-ending arthroscopic shoulder surgery in August '12.
He won't worry about velocity when he takes the mound for Cactus League action this March, with his first start coming Saturday at home against the Indians. Instead, the focus for the left-handed veteran is on getting his cutter back in shape.
"That was the pitch I felt I struggled with the most last year," said Danks. "It wasn't nearly as sharp. It wasn't going to where I wanted it to go. I think being able to spin it a little more consistent, a little easier, it will help certainly."
For the record, Danks' average fastball velocity dipped from 91.6 mph in 2011 to 90.1 in '12 to 89.3 last year, according to Fangraphs. With as strong as Danks has felt through the first week of camp, that velocity figures to see an upturn in '14.
If there's not a noticeable immediate change, though, it won't be a deal breaker in regard to Danks' hope for success.
"I'm more worried about being able to throw the ball where I want," Danks said. "Obviously I anticipate [velocity] being back and would love it to be right back there. That's something that's not going to kill me if it's not. Being able to spin the ball and make the cutter be a lot sharper and more consistent is more important."
Rave reviews have come in for Danks during Week 1, from how he looks on the mound to how the ball is coming out of his hand to his physical health. But the White Sox have yet to even play an intrasquad game.
Facing opposing hitters stands as the next step for Danks as he reasserts himself in the rotation.
"I've passed the beginning test, and now it's going out there and facing another team," Danks said. "It doesn't mean I'm going to strike everybody out or throw perfect innings, but just being able to feel good and throw the ball where I want is more important."


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Black Double Picasso Tunic
In stock
Gorgeous pink light sweatshirt fabric tunic with zipper detail and face logo
Due to the nature and size of Klassy Lady Boutique we are very strict when it comes to returns. On any item of clothing received there will be a tag attached to it. If this tag is removed or has any signs of being removed and put back on, a return will not be granted. On any other items no sign of wear must be visible.
For more information please contact us directly or look at our Terms of Service page.
All of our goods are shipped via DPD.


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Create an Account - Increase your productivity, customize your experience, and engage in information you care about.
The RAO or delegate will respond to the Public Records Request within ten (10) business days after receipt of any request.
William MaloneyCity Clerk200 Common Street, Suite 107Email William Maloney(978) 620-3230 (o)(978) 722-9190 (f)


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Send E Mail or Call US at 1-800-40-PILOT (74568)
Yes, any order of $100 or more is discounted 10%, but individual items over $100 are pre-discounted and not subject to the usual discounts. Just write in "over100" in the PROMO CODE below the Order Summary in the Checkout process.
Standing Orders (see Subscription Services) over $100 are discounted 15%.
We also offer a special "20-20-20" plan for fleets and schools – ask us for details.
From our Philadelphia site to the Lower 48, we ship by UPS Ground or by Priority Mail, at our discretion.
To Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, APOs and other remote U.S. locations we ship by Priority mail.
Some items may be drop-shipped by our vendors, by carrier of their choice...
In all cases we will send you tracking information and an estimated arrival date.
Our local or regional customers are welcome to come to our place in person to pick up their purchases.
If you require special handling or expedited shipping, please phone us or email us.
For any regular order of any size, our flat-rate charge is $11.50
If you ask for special handling or expedited shipping we will charge at cost .
Absolutely. We give your name and address to the carrier, but otherwise do not pass on any of your personal information to anyone.
First of all, we try to minimize the need for returns by describing our offerings as fully and accurately as we can.
All stock items may be returned for refund or exchange if reported promptly. Sorry, but we will not credit shipping charges.
Some things cannot be returned, unless clearly defective: Print-on-Demand charts, Print-on-Demand books, Burn-on-Demand discs, or any software items.


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Point Baker Environmental Lawyers
T. Yvette Soutiere
Juneau, AK Environmental Law Attorney
(907) 586-4000Vermont Law SchoolColorado State UniversityImmigration Court within the United States Department of Justice, United States District Court for the District of Alaska and AlaskaAlaska State Bar
Mr. Gabriel William Scott
Cordova, AK Environmental Law Attorney
(907) 264-6737Tulane University School of LawUniversity of Alaska - Fairbanks, University of Alaska - Anchorage and University of OregonAlaska
Lisa A. Mariotti
Juneau, AK Environmental Law Attorney
(907) 500-8155Vermont Law SchoolVermont and AlaskaAlaska State Bar
The LII Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Point Baker Environmental Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.
Researching Attorney Discipline


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Open Government Program
All Resources
Search a listing of Government of Alberta open datasets and publications. Can't find what you are looking for? Suggest a resource.
Views: 1555
March 16, 2020
Respiratory viruses, including influenza and coronaviruses, can cause common colds, seasonal flu and public health outbreaks. This bulletin gives employers, supervisors and workers information about controlling respiratory virus hazards in the workplace.


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Professional Community for Car Dealers, Marketing, Advertising and Sales Leaders
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These peeps were a little camera shy, so I thought I would try something different. http://www.to… Tim Jennings May 23, 2009 130 views
http://www.tomsparks.com/allcars.asp Wow Lulu was on a test drive in our 2008 Pacifica. Lori walks… Tim Jennings May 8, 2009 312 views
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By Vancouver Sun
Home insurance comes in many different shapes and sizes, but the most important thing about it is to get the replacement value correct, a Vancouver insurance expert says.
"The cost to repair or rebuild a house can be substantially different from the cost of purchasing it, so establishing a correct value is very important," said Patricia Stirling, director for underwriting at BCAA. "I think the same principle can apply to renters because it's so easy to overlook a lot of your things. It's only when it's all gone that you realize you forgot about your Christmas decorations or your roller blades — those sorts of things that are in a box in the closet."
There are three main types of home insurance — homeowners' policies for detached single-family homes, renters' policies and policies for people who live in a strata property.
Homeowners' policies are for people who own and live in their own single-family house. These policies insure both the building and the contents in a comprehensive package, Stirling said.
Renters' policies insure personal property, such as clothing, TVs, furniture or kitchen equipment, Stirling said.
The most complex type of home insurance is a condominium owner's policy, which covers personal property such as a renters' policy. Typically, building insurance is paid through an owner's condo fees.
"You really need to take the time to dig a bit more," Stirling said. "I would want to sit down with my agent and ask about all of the things I need to think about, (such as) all of the extra coverages that are available or ... what questions to ask at the strata meetings."
All three types can include personal liability insurance, which covers personal actions, Stirling said.
"A very important component of buying any type of insurance is the liability aspect," Stirling said. "You might be out golfing and you hit someone with the golf ball and they sue you. You really want to make sure that you've got homeowners,' renters' or condominium insurance, because these come in a package that includes comprehensive personal liability coverage."
Replacement costs to rebuild a home can be calculated by an insurance agent, but figuring out the cost of replacing your belongings can be more difficult. Stirling said people often underestimate the cost of things such as refitting a kitchen.
"If you had to buy every single food item the first time around again, you'd find it's a substantial bill," Stirling said. "It's really best to go through each room and use what's called an inventory booklet ... and really be thorough and look at everything."
Natural disasters like earthquakes and water damage are usually not covered in an average policy, but riders can be purchased. They will generally have a deductible based on the percentage of the amount insured, Stirling said.
"If it's five per cent, you can do the math. (The deductible) would be $2,500 for a $50,000 earthquake insurance package," Stirling said.
A recent J.D. Power and Associates' Canadian Home Insurance Study found that only 56 per cent of home insurance policy owners in B.C. have earthquake insurance, while only 37 per cent of Canadians purchase flood insurance.
"Home insurance customers who discover the limitations of their basic coverage after a major event occurs, have waited too long. With more than two in three Canadian home insurance customers uninsured for these catastrophic events, many may find themselves in a lengthy discussion with their insurer in the event of a disaster, such as a flood or earthquake," said Jeremy Bowler, senior director of the insurance practice at J.D. Power and Associates. "In the case of flood claims, it is a common misperception among homeowners that their basic home insurance policy provides this coverage."
Stirling said water damage has surpassed fire damage in the past decade in terms of claims.
"Water represents more than 50 per cent of what insurance companies are paying out in claims," Stirling said. "Your parents might have had a rec room in the basement with vinyl floors and the kids' sofas and whatnot. Today, the downstairs isn't a rec room, it's a beautiful media suite with hardwood floors and flatscreen TVs. When water occurs today, our homes tend to be built of more expensive things and with more finished basements, so the water losses are more expensive.
"Always check with your agent to see if you have the broadest water coverage available."
Stirling said flood damage — from a tsunami, for example — is never covered. However, a sewer backup that occurs as a result of a flood might be covered. And water damage from a plugged toilet or broken water tank is usually covered.
"It's definitely a conversation that you want to have with your insurance agent," Stirling said.
©1998-2016 All Rights Reserved Financial Literacy News (A Future Investor Clubs of America, Inc. Company). Contact Us


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"Zip it"
The Chaos Cross Body Zip is designed to attach to your Chaos iPhone Case or to a range of other accessories. Unzip and wear it to keep your phone close and hands free. Its unique slider latch allows for up to two Chaos charms to be interchanged and personalised with The Chaos Gold Plated Charm collection.
Zip Lanyard includes one club charm only
Gold plated hardware
Gold plated stainless steel charms
Zip: Length - 700mm
Club charm: H18mm
*cases and extra charms sold separately


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Flight & car pp
Max. Occupancy 4
Bedrooms 2
Bathrooms 2
Distance to resort 2 mins drive
Distance to beach 5 min drive
Pool Size 7m x 4m (depth: 0.7 - 1.7m)
HOLIDAYS WITH FLIGHTS: Please click the tab below that corresponds to the no. of persons in your party for per person prices including flights & car hire or transfers as specified.
VILLA ONLY PRICE: If this property offers a 'Villa Only' option, please click on the Villa Only tab below. No 'Villa Only' tab means this property can only be booked as part of a package.
You can travel to this property from:
Flight supplements may apply
2 - 15 years: 10% discount depending on date of travel · Infants: pay £50
|4 persons
|3 persons
|2 persons
Departures from London
Prices displayed are per person based on maximum occupancy of the property when flights & car hire or transfers are included (except for Special Offers). Accommodation only prices are per property. All properties can be sold for less than maximum occupancy - contact us for prices. Price display does not guarantee property availability, as this website does not have a live search facility.
Tour operator ATOL number: 5853


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This event has passed.
ASHI Basic Life Support (BLS)
September 5 @ 8:30 am - 3:00 pm| AED259
This course is designed for students who provide health care to patients in a wide variety of settings and need CPR training to enter into a healthcare-related training program. This audience includes nurses, physicians, EMS professionals, and students in a healthcare program at a university/college, allied health professionals (physical therapists, occupational therapists, athletic trainers, etc.) and others who may need training in basic life support skills.


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Part I: The Rule of Law, Oath of Office & To Tell The Truth, Perjury vs Lying
Part I Trailer
Duration: 1:31
Hon. Shirley Hufstedler: Intro to Prosecutor and The Presidency
Duration: 17:21
Former 9th Circuit Court Judge Shirley Hufstedler reveals the impact of the Special Prosecutor statute and comments on the process of prosecuting a sitting President without these hindrances.
Elliot Richardson: Part 1
Duration: 25:24
Former Attorney General Richardson explains why, when ordered by President Nixon, he resigned rather than fire Special Prosecutor Cox
Richard Kleindienst: Part 1
Duration: 24:34
Former U.S. Attorney General Richard Kleindienst describes the conditions that caused him to resign after what he described as "the worst year of my life."
Edwin Meese III: Part 1
Duration: 24:55
Former Attorney General Meese discusses suing a sitting President, and the importance of the Oath of Office and the oath to tell the truth.
Richard Thornburgh: Part 1
Duration: 25:38
Attorney General Thornburgh defines the Rule of Law and claims that law enforcement has very little discretion as to which laws shall be enforced.
Lawrence Walsh: Part 1
Duration: 23:36
Judge Walsh claims appellate court judges often overstep their authority; that the oath to tell the truth establishes the gravity of the proceedings, and that Ken Starr misused his office in pursing the Lewinsky matter.
Benjamin Civiletti: Part 1
Duration: 24:59
Former U.S. Attorney General Civiletti identifies one of the main problems with the Independent Counsel statute was the scope of Presidential investigation. Allegations of wrongdoing from Whitewater led Independent Counsel Ken Starr to widen his scope in the Clinton investigation.
Archibald Cox: Part 1
Duration: 23:21
Special Prosecutor Cox was adamant in his opinion regarding the Special Prosecutor Law. He defines the Rule of Law and perjury.
Robert B. Fiske: Part 1
Duration: 26:16
Whitewater Prosecutor Fiske claims the Oath of Office is less binding than the oath to tell the truth in court. Public officials cannot be sued for policy issues, but can be for perjury.
Part II: The Special Prosecutor Process
Part II Trailer
Duration: 1:44
Elliot Richardson: Part 2
Duration: 25:14
Former Attorney General Richardson claims that Kenneth Starr should never have been appointed as the prosecutor in an independent counsel role and that the Clinton investigation got out of control.
Richard Kleindienst: Part 2
Duration: 24:27
Former U.S. Attorney General Richard Kleindienst claims that the Independent Counsel, as an adjunct of the Department of Justice has not worked.
Edwin Meese III: Part 2
Duration: 23:30
Edwin Meese III: Part 3
Duration: 25:11
Lawrence Walsh: Part 2
Duration: 25:12
Richard Thornburgh: Part 2
Duration: 23:52
Attorney General Thornburgh opposes the independent counsel law passed in 1978. He claims the US Attorney General represents both the People and the President.
Archibald Cox: Part 2
Duration: 22:26
Special Prosecutor Cox explains the one fatal flaw in the independent counsel arrangement.
Benjamin Civiletti: Part 2
Duration: 25:50
Former U.S. Attorney General Civiletti discusses the difficulties with the Special Prosecutor process and points out the ultimate safety against a rogue executive lies with the Congress and House of Representatives, which has the full power to investigate serious violations of the duty by the President.
Robert B. Fiske: Part 2
Duration: 24:17
Part III: The Forum
Part III Trailer
Duration: 3:21
What Role Has The Media Played in Presidential Investigations?
Duration: 28:09
Because investigations by any prosecutor are supposed to be confidential, the panelists debate the media's impact on prosecutorial behavior.
How Do We Investigate the Presidency in the Future?
Duration: 35:53
Part IV: Lessons Learned
Part IV Trailer
Duration: 2:35
Part 1: Kenneth Starr, Independent Counsel, Whitewater-Lewinsky
Duration: 28:26
Part 2: Kenneth Starr, Independent Counsel, Whitewater-Lewinsky
Duration: 32:28
Part 3: Robert Bork, Solicitor General, Watergate
Duration: 28:55
Part 4: Robert Bork, Solicitor General, Watergate
Duration: 25:17
Part V: Why It Didn't Work
Part V Trailer
Duration: 1:51
Edwin Meese III: Why It Didn't Work
Duration: 25:11
Former U.S. Attorney General Meese explains why he thinks that the Independent Counsel has has not worked and was flawed from the start.