text:
Editors' Note: With the recent resurgence of interest in controlling health care costs, we thought a review of some of the state and national fiscal studies performed on single payer over the years might be useful. The entries are listed chronologically, oldest to newest.
National Studies
June, 1991 General Accounting Office
"If the US were to shift to a system of universal coverage and a single payer, as in Canada, the savings in administrative costs [10 percent of health spending] would be more than enough to offset the expense of universal coverage" ("Canadian Health Insurance: Lessons for the United States," 90 pgs, ref no: T-HRD-91-90. Full text available online at http://archive.gao.gov/d20t9/144039.pdf).
December, 1991 Congressional Budget Office
"If the nation adopted…[a] single-payer system that paid providers at Medicare's rates, the population that is currently uninsured could be covered without dramatically increasing national spending on health. In fact, all US residents might be covered by health insurance for roughly the current level of spending or even somewhat less, because of savings in administrative costs and lower payment rates for services used by the privately insured. The prospects for con-trolling health care expenditure in future years would also be improved." ("Universal Health Insurance Coverage Using Medicare's Payment Rates") http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/76xx/doc7652/91-CBO-039.pdf
April, 1993 Congressional Budget Office
"Under a single payer system with co-payments …on average, people would have an additional $54 to spend…more specifically, the increase in taxes… would be about $856 per capita…private-sector costs would decrease by $910 per capita.
The net cost of achieving universal insurance coverage under this single payer system would be negative."
"Under a single payer system without co-payments people would have $144 a year less to spend than they have now, on average…consumer payments for health would fall by $1,118 per capita, but taxes would have to increase by $1,261 per capita to finance this plan." ("Single-Payer and All-Payer Health Insurance Systems Using Medicare's Payment Rates" ref : CBO memorandum, 60 pages)
July, 1993 Congressional Budget Office
"Enactment of H.R. 1300 [Russo's single payer bill] would raise national health expenditures at first, but reduce spending about 9 percent in 2000. As the program was phased in, the administrative savings from switching to a single-payer system would offset much of the increased demand for health care serv-ices. Later, the cap on the growth of the national health budget would hold the rate of growth of spending below the baseline. The bill contains many of the elements that would make its limit on expenditures reasonably likely to succeed, including a single payment mechanism, uniform reporting by all providers, and global prospective budgets for hospitals and nursing homes." ("Estimates of Health Care Proposals from the 102nd Congress" ref: CBO paper, July 1993, 57pages)
December, 1993 Congressional Budget Office
S491 (Senator Paul Wellstone's single payer bill) would raise national health expenditures above baseline by 4.8 percent in the first year after implementation. However, in subsequent years, improved cost containment and the slower growth in spending associated with the new system would reduce the gap between expenditures in the new system and the baseline. By year five (and in subsequent years) the new system would cost less than baseline. ("S.491, American Health Security Act of 1993")
June, 1998 Economic Policy Institute
"In the model presented in this paper, it is assumed that in the first year after implementing a universal, single-payer plan, total national health expenditures are unchanged from baseline. If expenditures were higher than baseline in the first few years, then additional revenues above those described here would be needed. However, these higher costs would be more than offset by savings which would accrue within the first decade of the program."
Universal coverage could be financed with a 7 percent payroll tax, a 2 percent income tax, and current federal payments for Medicare, Medicaid, and other state and federal government insurance programs. A 2 percent income tax would offset all other out-of-pocket health spending for individuals. "For the typical, middle income household, taxes would rise by $731 annually. For fully 60% of households, the increase would average about $1,600…costs would be redistributed from the sick to the healthy, from the low and middle-income house-holds to those with higher incomes, and from businesses currently providing health benefits to those that do not.
"Even more important, greater efficiency and improved cost containment would become possible, leading to sizable savings in the future. The impediment to fundamental reform in health care financing is not economic, but political. Political will, not economic expertise, is what will bring about this important change."
"Universal Coverage: How Do We Pay For It?" — Edie Rasell, M.D. PhD).
August, 2005 The National Coalition on Health Care
Impacts of Health Care Reform: Projections of Costs and Savings
By Kenneth E. Thorpe, Ph.D.
This fiscal analysis of the impact of four scenarios for health care reform found that the single payer model would reduce costs by over $1.1 trillion over the next decade while providing comprehensive benefits to all Americans. The other scenarios would be improvements over the status quo, but would not reduce costs as dramatically or provide the same high-quality coverage to all.
Summary of the Coalition's Specifications:
1. Health Care Coverage for All
2. Cost Management
3. Improvement of Health Care Quality and Safety
4. Equitable Financing
5. Simplified Administration
Reform Models studied:
Scenario 1: employer mandates (supplemented with individual mandates as necessary)
Scenario 2: expansion of existing public programs that cover subsets of the uninsured
Scenario 3: creation of new programs targeted at subsets of the uninsured (FEHBP model)
Scenario 4: establishment of a universal publicly financed program (single payer)
July, 2013: Economist Gerald Friedman, Ph.D., University of Massachusetts, Amherst
"Under the single-payer system created by HR 676 [the Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act, introduced by Rep. John Conyers Jr., D-Mich.], the U.S. could save an estimated $592 billion annually by slashing the administrative waste associated with the private insurance industry ($476 billion) and reducing pharmaceutical prices to European levels ($116 billion). In 2014, the savings would be enough to cover all 44 million uninsured and upgrade benefits for everyone else.
"Specifically, the savings from a single-payer plan would be more than enough to fund $343 billion in improvements to the health system such as expanded coverage, improved benefits, enhanced reimbursement of providers serving indigent patients, and the elimination of co-payments and deductibles in 2014.
"Health care financing in the U.S. is regressive, weighing heaviest on the poor, the working class, and the sick. With the progressive financing plan outlined for HR 676, 95% of all U.S. households would save money.
"HR 676 would also establish a system for future cost control using proven-effective methods such as negotiated fees, global budgets, and capital planning. Over time, reduced health cost inflation over the next decade ("bending the cost curve") would save $1.8 trillion, making comprehensive health benefits sustainable for future generations."
Excerpted from "Funding HR 676: The Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act, How we can afford a national single-payer health plan," July 30, 2013.
State Studies
November 1994: New Mexico
Single Payer could save $151.8 million and cover all the uninsured
The Lewin consulting group was hired to perform a fiscal study of alternative reform plans for the state of New Mexico. The study looked at single payer, managed competition, and an individual and employer-mandate.
The study concluded that a single-payer system with modest cost-sharing was the only plan that would cover all the uninsured and save over $150 million per year (estimates given for 1998). Such a plan could be financed with a payroll tax of 7.92 percent (employer 80 percent/employee 20 percent) and a 2 percent tax on family income. If patient cost sharing was eliminated, the single payer program would cover all the uninsured for a net increase in costs of $9.1 million.
The group's estimates of administrative savings were very conservative, about half of what other estimates have found. Thus, it is likely that a single payer program in the state of New Mexico could provide coverage for all the uninsured with no increase in current health resources.
Source :("The Financial Impact of Alternative Health Reform plans in New Mexico" by Lewin-VHI, Inc. November 14, 1994.)
April 1995: Delaware
Single Payer would save money in Delaware
A fiscal study of single payer in Delaware by Solutions for Progress found that Delaware could save $229 million in the first year (1995). In ten years, the cumulative savings would exceed $6 billion, over $8,000 for every person in Delaware. "The benefit package for the single-payer system modeled in the report will cover all medically necessary health services" with "virtually no co-payments nor any out-of-pocket health expenditures for any covered benefit."
The study's authors' note that they used a low estimate for administrative savings while using a high estimate for increased costs for utilization in order to assure a high margin for error and adequate funding.
Source: ("Single-payer financing for Universal Health Care in Delaware: Costs and Savings" prepared for the Delaware Developmental Disabilities Planning Council, April 1995 is 11 pages. Solutions for Progress, 215-972-5558. Two companion papers are also available: "Health Expenditures in Delaware Under Single-Payer Financing" and "Notes for Delaware Health Care Costs and Estimates for the Impact of Single Payer Financing.")
February 1995: Minnesota
Single Payer to save Minnesota over $718 million in health costs each year
A March 1995 study conducted by Lewin-VHI for the Minnesota legislature found that single-payer with modest co-pays would insure all Minnesotans and save Minnesota over $718 million health costs each year. The projected savings are conservative since Lewin-VHI global budgets or fee schedules to control costs.
Source: Program Evaluation Divison, Office of the Legislative Auditor, State of Minnesota pg 68. "Health Care Administrative Costs" February 1995.
December 1998: Massachusetts
Two fiscal studies of single payer for the Massachusetts Medical Society show savings & benefits:
Lewin Group Solutions for Progress/Boston University School of Public Health (SFP/BUSPH)
"In early 1997, the Massachusetts Medical Society retained the services of two consulting teams to independently analyze the relative costs of a Canadian style single-payer system, and the current multi-payer health care system in Massachusetts."
"While Lewin and SFP/BUSPH reports differed in their orientations and methodologies, they reached similar conclusions. First, a single-payer system would achieve significant administrative savings [between $1.8 and $3.6 billion] over the current multi-payer system. Secondly, these savings are of such a magnitude that the available funds would be sufficient to insure universal coverage in the state and provide comprehensive benefits including outpatient medications and long-term care and eliminate all out-of-pocket payments (co-payments, deductibles)."
"The major difference in the studies findings had to do with the timing of achieving the cost savings. SFP/BUSPH estimated that the savings could be in the first year of implementation of the system. Lewin felt the savings would begin in year six."
Source: (Massachusetts Medical Society House of Delegates Report 207, A-99 (B).
Full text of the studies are available online at: http://www.massmed.org/pages/lewin.asp)
December, 2002: Massachusetts
Single Payer only plan to cover all and save money in Massachusetts
In the summer of 2001, the legislature allocated $250,000 to develop a plan for "universal health care with consolidated financing" for Massachusetts. The pro-HMO consulting firm LECG studied three options; only the single-payer option met the study criteria. Despite their industry bias LECG reported 40 percent of every health care dollar spent in the state of Massachusetts goes to administrative costs.
The initial LECG report had two major flaws: It did not include the costs of taking care of the uninsured in the non-single-payer plans, and it did not take into consideration the huge administrative savings possible under single-payer. If these factors are taken into account, single payer is the only plan to cover everyone and save money.
Source: (To get the full report e-mail: email@example.com)
June, 2000: Maryland< p>Single Payer Would Save Money in Maryland
A single-payer system in the state of Maryland could provide health care for all residents and save $345 million on total health care spending in the first year, according to a study by the D.C. based consulting firm Lewin, Inc. The study also found that a highly regulated "pay or play" system (in which employers either provide their workers with coverage or pay into a state insurance pool) would increase costs by $207 million.
Editors' Note: The pro-business Lewin group probably underestimated the administrative savings from single payer and overestimated the administrative savings (and hence understated the costs) of their "pay or play" model. Data from hospitals in Hawaii, where there are only a few major insurers, suggest that if you have more than one payer, there are few administrative savings. However single-payer systems in Canada, the U.K., Sweden and other countries have garnered administrative savings substantially larger than assumed by Lewin. Hence the estimate by Lewin that single-payer universal coverage would cost $550 million less to implement in the first year than "pay or play" is high.
Source: ("Full text of the study available online at: http://www.healthcareforall.com")
August 2001: Vermont
Universal Health Care Makes "Business Sense"
Single-payer universal health coverage could save Vermonters more than $118 million a year over current medical insurance costs and cover every Vermonter in the process, according to a study paid for by a federal grant and prepared for the Office of Vermont Health Access by the Lewin Group. "Our analysis indicates that the single payer model would cover all Vermont residents, including the estimated 51,390 uninsured persons in the state, while actually reducing total health spending in Vermont by about $118.1 million in 2001 (i.e., five percent). These savings are attributed primarily to the lower cost of administering coverage through a single government program with uniform coverage and payment rules"
Source: ("Analysis of the Costs and Impact of a Universal Health Care Coverage Under a Single Payer Model for the State of Vermont", The Lewin Group, Inc. Full text of the study is available on-line at: http://www.lewin.com/content/publications/1440.pdf)
April 2002: California
State Health Care Options Project
A study of nine options for covering California's seven million uninsured by the conservative D.C.– based consulting firm of Lewin, Inc found that a single payer system in California would reduce health spending while covering everyone and protecting the doctor-patient relationship.
Three of the nine options analyzed by Lewin for their fiscal implications included single payer financing.
1.) A proposal by James Kahn, UCSF, Kevin Grumbach, UCSF, Krista Farley, MD, Don McCanne, MD, PNHP, and Thomas Bodenheimer, UCSF, would cover nearly all health care services including prescription drugs, vision and dental for every Californian through a government-financed system while saving $7.6 billion annually from the estimated $151.8 billion now spent on health care.
2.) A second proposal by Ellen Shaffer, UCSF– national health service- Would reform both financing of and the delivery system so that every Californian has a "medical home", that is, a primary care physician with an ongoing relationship with that patient. Like the Kahn et al proposal, it saves about $7.5 billion through various efficiencies.
3.) The third by Judy Spelman, RN, and Health care for All, covers care for every Californian in a manner similar to the Kahn et al proposal but eliminates all out-of-pocket costs. Its cost savings are estimated at $3.7 billion.
All three proposals stabilize the health care system, reduce paperwork, and protect the doctor-patient relationship by eliminating the role of for-profit HMOs and insurers. The Kahn et al proposal envisions that the not-profit Kaiser Permanente, the state's largest integrated health system, would continue.
Report: Cost and Coverage Analysis of Nine Proposals to expand Health Insurance Coverage in California
Click here for Lewin Uniform Methodology
Source: (Contact Sandra (916)654-3454 to get a copy of the full report)
(See also February 2005 report)
December 2002: Maine
Single Payer an economically feasible option for Maine
The June 2001 Maine legislature created a nineteen member Health Security Board to develop a single payer system for Maine. In July, the Board contracted with the consulting firm Mathematica Policy Research, Inc, (MPA) firm to study the feasibility of single payer in the state. The firm found that single payer would cost about the same amount as the current system, while covering all 150,000 uninsured residents. Depending on the benefits provided by the system, single payer would cost the same as current state health spending, or increase health spending by 5 percent. (Note, the consultants were very conservative when estimating administrative savings, which could more than offset the 5 percent increase).
"Estimates from the model indicate that, under current policy, health care spending in Maine will continue on a path of steady increase—rising by 37 percent between 2001-04 and by 31 percent between 2004-08. The model projects that a single-payer health system would produce a net increase in total health care spending under most benefit designs that MPA estimated, but this increase in spending would decline over time as the system realizes savings through global budgeting, reductions in administrative costs, and enhanced access to primary and preventive care."
"By reducing administrative spending and increasing overall demand for health care, a single payer system would generate some change in employment in Maine… However a single payer plan would improve health sector productivity by redistributing jobs from administrative to clinical positions."
"In summary, a single payer system appears to be economically feasible for Maine."
Source: (Mathematica Policy Research, Inc, "Feasibility of a Single-Payer Health Plan Model for the State of Maine" Final report 12/24/03/, MPR Ref No: 8889-300, 80 pages. http://www.mathematica-mpr.com/PDFs/mainefeasibility.pdf)
November 2002: Rhode Island
Single Payer would save $270 million in Rhode Island
A study of single-payer in Rhode Island by analysts with Boston University School of Public Health and the consulting firm Solutions for Progress found that current health spending in Rhode Island is 21.5 percent above the national average and that incremental reforms cannot solve the state's health problems.
Solutions for Progress studied two models of single payer reform one with consolidated financing alone, and one with consolidated financing combined with "professionalism within a budget." They found that without health care reform, Rhode Island's costs would continue to rise, while both models of single-paye
r could provide universal coverage while saving an estimated $270 million in the first year.
At first, the administrative and bulk purchasing savings have the largest impact. But over time, slowing the rate of inflation to 4 percent by making health professionals responsible for using resources prudently, ("professionalism within a budget") has a larger impact. Over six years, they estimate that consolidated financing alone would save $4.4 billion, while single payer with "professionalism within a budget" delivery system reform would save over $6.6 billion. Again, both models of single payer would provide coverage for all the uninsured and improve coverage for all Rhode Islanders.
Source: ("Rhode Island Can Afford Health Care for All: A Report to the Rhode Island General Assembly" On-line at www.healthreformprogram.org. For copies of this report, please contact Alan Sager or Deborah Socolar or phone the Health Services Department at (617) 638-5042. )
October 2003: Missouri
Single Payer Would Save $1.3 billion in Missouri
Missouri Foundation for Health conducted a study on "health care expenditures and insurance in Missouri".
A single payer health care plan in the state of Missouri would reduce overall spending by about $3 billion. "Assuming the universal health care plan adopted a benefit package typically found in the state, spending among the uninsured and underinsured would rise by nearly $1.3 billion when fully implemented. On the other hand, the use of a streamlined single claims and billing form (electronically billed) would reduce overall spending by about $3 billion. As a result health care spending would decline by approximately $1.7 billion."
"Even if the state would adopt a more generous benefit package-one more generous than 75 percent of all private insurance benefits in the state-overall spending would decline. Overall health care spending would likely decline by $ 1.3 billion under the streamlined administrative structure."
Source: ( "A Universal Health Care Plan for Missouri", the full report can viewed at www.pnhp.org/slideshow/Thorpe_Missouri_Study_ShowMe.pdf)
June 2004: Georgia
Single Payer in Georgia would reduce healthcare spending
A fiscal study by the Virginia-based Lewin Group found that Single Payer health would cover all Georgia residents and save $716 million annually.
The "SecureCare" program would offer residents a comprehensive benefits package that includes long-term care and prescription drug coverage. It would be financed by replacing health insurance premiums with a combination of payroll and income taxes as well as modest new tobacco, alcohol and sales taxes. " Nearly all Georgia families would pay less for health care than they are today for much better coverage.
Source: (The Lewin Group, Inc. "The Georgia SecureCare Program: Estimated Cost and Coverage Impacts" Final report 10/21/03)
(Full text of the study available online at:
February 2005: California
California could save $344 billion over 10 years with single payer
A study by the Lewin Group, finds that singlepayer would save California $343.6 billion in health care costs over the next 10 years, mainly by cutting administration and using bulk purchases of drugs and medical equipment.
The bill's author, Sen. Sheila Kuehl, D-Santa Monica, said the report "demonstrates that we can do it. We need the will to do it. It makes insurance affordable for everybody."
Lewin Group Report
The Health Care for All Californians Act: Cost and Economic Impacts Analysis
January 19, 2005
Fact Sheet
* The Lewin report, prepared by an independent firm with 18 years of experience in healthcare cost analysis, affirms that we can create a fiscally sound, reliable state insurance plan that covers all Californians and controls health cost inflation.
* The Lewin report shows that all California residents can have affordable health insurance; and that, on average, individuals, families, businesses and the state of California, all of whom are now burdened with rising insurance costs, will save money.
* In February, State Senator Sheila Kuehl (D-23) will introduce the California Health Insurance Reliability Act (CHIRA), based on these findings. CHIRA, based on the Lewin Report model will insure every Californian and allow everyone to choose his or her own doctor.
Savings Overall
The Lewin report model would achieve universal coverage while actually reducing total health spending for California by about $8 billion in the first year alone. Savings would be realized in two ways:
1. The Act would replace the current system of multiple public and private insurers with a single, reliable insurance plan. This saves about $20 billion in administrative costs.
2. California would buy prescription drugs and durable medical equipment (e.g., wheelchairs) in bulk and save about $5.2 billion.
Savings for State and Local Governments
* In addition, state and local governments would save about $900 million, in
the first year, in spending for health benefits provided to state and local
government workers and retirees.
* Aggregate savings to state and local governments from 2006 to 2015 would
be about $43.8 billion.
Savings for Businesses
* Employers who currently offer health benefits would realize average savings of 16% compared to the current system.
Savings for families
* Average family spending for health care is estimated to decline to about $2,448 per family under the Act in 2006, which is an average savings of about $340 per family.
* Families with under $150,000 in annual income would, on average, see savings ranging between $600 and $3,000 per family under the program in 2006.
Cost Controls
* By 2015, health spending in California under the Act would be about $68.9
billion less than currently projected. Total savings over the 2006 through 2015 period would be $343.6 billion.
* Savings to state and local governments over this ten-year period would be
about $43.8 billion.
Comprehensive Benefits
* The Lewin Report assumes an insurance plan that covers medical, dental and
vision care; prescription drug; emergency room services, surgical and recuperative care; orthodontia; mental health care and drug rehabilitation;
immunizations; emergency and other necessary transportation; laboratory and
other diagnostic services; adult day care; all necessary translation and interpretation; chiropractic care, acupuncture, case management and skilled
nursing care.
* The Lewin Report shows that efficiencies in the system make these superior
benefits available while generating savings.
Freedom to Choose
*The Lewin Report model assumes the consumer's freedom to choose his or her
own care providers. This means that each Californian will be free to change jobs, start a family, start a business, continue education and or change residences, secure in the knowledge that his or her relationships with trusted caregivers will be secure.
The Health Care For All Californians Act: Cost and Economic Impacts Analysis
Colorado, August 2007
The Lewin Group
Technical Assessment of Health Care Reform Proposals (Proof Report)
August 20, 2007
Prepared for: The Colorado Blue Ribbon Commission for Health Care Reform
The Lewin Group was engaged by the Colorado Blue Ribbon Commission for Health Reform to assist in developing and analyzing alternative proposals to expand health insurance coverage and reform the Colorado
health care system.
Single Payer Results, Excerpt:
The Colorado Health Services (CHS) Program is a single payer plan that would provide coverage to all residents of the state, including state and local workers, and residents currently covered under Medicare, Tricare, Veteran's Health, Indian Health Services and Federal Health Benefits programs. The program would provide all people with comprehensive health care benefits that cover the same list of services now covered by the Colorado Medicaid benefits package. Consumers would have their choice of providers and hospitals within the state.
0 – number remaining uninsured
$1.4 billion – decline in health spending
All Other Plans, Results, excerpt:
Better Health Care for Colorado provides a path to universal health care through a public program expansion and access to private insurance coverage with low-income subsidies through a Health Insurance Exchange. Individuals eligible for public programs would receive benefits under those programs, and individuals who purchase private coverage would have access to a limited core set of benefits, with premiums copays.
467,200 – number remaining uninsured
$595 million – increase in health spending
Solutions for a Healthy Colorado provides coverage to all Colorado residents under a Core Limited Benefit Plan in the private sector and expands coverage under Medicaid and Child Health Plus (CHP+). People who are low income but who would not be eligible for the government programs would receive a premium subsidy.
133,400 – number remaining uninsured
$271 million – increase in health spending
A Plan for Covering Coloradans provides coverage to Coloradans through a public program expansion and a mandatory private pool for all residents not eligible for the public program. It provides a minimum benefits package in a private pool and premium assistance based on income for those who cannot afford insurance. All plans would provide a comprehensive minimum benefits package, and differ mainly on cost-sharing amounts.
106,500 – number remaining uninsured
$1.3 billion – increase in health spending
Lewin's Technical Assessment of Health Care Reform Proposals (230 page report):
Comment by Dr. Don McCanne, PNHP Senior Health Policy Fellow:
Once again, fiscal analysis shows that the models of reform that build on our highly flawed, fragmented system of financing health care actually increase health care spending while falling far short on the goals of reform. In contrast, the single payer model would provide truly comprehensive care for absolutely everyone while significantly reducing health care spending.
December, 2007: Kansas
Single Payer would save $869 million
The Kansas Health Policy Authority hired the consulting firm of Schramm-Raleigh to do a fiscal analysis of five options for expanding coverage. They found that single payer ("the Mountain plan") would cover all the uninsured and reduce state health spending by $869 million annually. The other plans would cover a portion of the uninsured and would raise costs between $150 million to $500 million in the state.
A link to the Schramm-Raleigh Report "Kansas – Pricing the Roadmap to Reform" is located on the web site of the Kansas Health Policy Authority :
July, 2009: New York
The New York State Department of Health and Department of Insurance contracted with the Urban Institute to compare 4 options for health reform in the state, including single payer ("Public Health Insurance for All"). The results of the two-year study showed that single payer was the only plan that would cover everyone and was the most effective plan at controlling costs. The report found that the savings from single payer would substantially increase over time. By 2019, the Urban Institute analysis showed that single payer would save $20 billion annually compared to the present system. Single payer would cost $28 billion less annually than an individual mandate plan and $19 billion less annually by 2019 than an expansion of Family Health Plus.
The press release with a link to the full study is here: https://pnhp.org/news/2009/july/advocates_call_on_go.php
Minnesota, 2012
A fiscal study by the Lewin Group found that single payer would cover all Minnesota residents and reduce total health spending by $4.1 billion, or 8.8 percent, in 2014, and would save $189.5 billion from 2014-2023 over what health care costs in Minnesota would be under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The plan would cover most medically necessary care with the exception of home care (outside of what is now covered by Medicare) and nursing home care, and would eliminate most cost-sharing, except for some small co-pays on specialty care and medications (medications for chronic conditions would be excluded from cost-sharing). Lewin estimated that single payer would save employers currently offering coverage an average of $1,214 per worker, and save an average of $1,362 for families. Employers not currently providing coverage would pay an additional $1,963 per worker annually. Single payer could be financed with existing sources of taxpayer funding for health care (including subsidies from the ACA) combined with an average 7.2 percent effective payroll tax on employers, a 3 percent income tax on family adjusted gross income, and cigarette ($1.00/pack) and alcohol taxes (5 cents per drink).
Cost and Economic Impact Analysis of a Single-Payer Plan in Minnesota, March 27, 2012.
Summaries for studies for Vermont (William Hsiao, 2011) and five other states including Massachusetts, Maryland, Colorado, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania (2013, Friedman) are forthcoming.
Major fiscal consulting groups:
William C. Hsiao, Professor of Economics, Harvard University
Urban Institute
Gerald Friedman, Professor of Eco
nomics, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
The Lewin Group, Washington DC (703) 269-5500 [Owned by the giant insurer, UnitedHealth Group]
Mathematica Policy Research Group (609) 799-3535
Health Reform Program, Boston University (617) 638-5042
Solutions for Progress (215) 972-5558


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Buying a used Altima
My husband and I are eyeballing a 2003 Nissan Altima S with 35,500 miles on it, standard features besides tinted windows. It really is in great shape, looks and feels brand new except for a couple minor door dings in the paint and blown speakers. I did my research , negotiated the best I could and feel like they are giving us a fair price at $13,000 before TTL. They are trying to tell us they are breaking even on the car which is very hard for us to believe. $13,000 although seeming fair, was still our "high price" in the grand scheme of things. Still have to try to get a better interest rate at a credit union, and take it for a pre-purchase inspection, but if all goes well would it be advantageous to cut the check for $500 less than the final price we came up with last night and take our chances...OR do you think that would push us out the door? Trade in was anywhere between $10,800 and $12,700, they claim to own the car at $12.9. We are just so afraid of getting screwed and want to get the best deal we can, and make it just slightly more affordable.
You could get a brand new one for around $17,000 and a new car will finance at a much lower interest rate than a used one, so the $4,000 you think you are saving on a 3 year old out-of-warranty car is a misnomer. The monthly payments on a new one may be very close to the used one you are looking at, and you could lease a new one for even less.
The price of the car is just part of the story...
Get the interest rate on the used one and the special interest rate NMAC is offering on a new one and calculate out the monthly payments over the same term. You may be surprised.
On the other hand KBB trade-in value for this car is around $12,000 and dealer retail is $16,000, depending on which state you are in, so $13,000 isn't bad for the used one if it is in excellent condition.
Get the dealer to replace the blown speakers and take out the dings using "paintless dent removal" for you at no charge as part of the deal if you decide to go for it. That is worth several hundred dollars to you.0
Everything you said plus the fact that the current Altima is nearing the end of its model life. Nissan and the dealers will be offering promotions to move existing stock off the lots. I hope Mrs. hg2003 and her husband will think long and hard about going $13,000.00 into debt on what is a nearly four year old car that will suddenly lose another $2,000.00 value in September. I hope they also understand that a healthy dose of skepticism regarding what a salesman tells a customer is generally a good thing.0
Thanks for the tips. Unfortunately we could not wait until the end of the summer for all the deals that I knew were coming or be pushed any further financially. We didn't get the 2003, but we did negotiate a great deal on a 2005 that was previously a Hertz rental for $14,500. Although it has higher than average miles, it was also serviced a lot as a rental, has a leftover warranty , auto trans, all front and rear seat airbags and ABS. More of what we wanted anyway and we are very happy with it. Appreciate the advice!0
Congrats! Enjoy.0
mvelezwhite Posts: 1I bought a 2003 Nissan Altima 2.5S today. Having previously owned a 2001 version, I have become very attached to Altimas. Unfortunately, this one (in very good condition and only 44000 miles) did not come with an owner's manual. There are a lot of features and accessories in this that I don't know how to operate and I really need to see an owner's manual. Nissan's web site used to provide pdf files which had older manuals. However, they are only providing 2005 and 2006 model years' manuals now. Can anyone help me find someplace online that has the info that I'm looking for.0
Hopefully some kind soul will offer assistance, but if all else fails, you can buy or order a replacement owner's manual through a Nissan dealership. Highway robbery pricing, but you really need access to the information about fluid capacities and grades in addition to explanations about how to use all the must-have, life-experience enhancing features that all but require a PhD to negotiate.0
ruby02 Posts: 2
hannahja Posts: 6I just heard about the recall on the 2006 Altimas and I've been considering buying an Altima for a few months. If I were to buy a 2005 do you think I run the risk of having some of the same problems? I love the styling of the newer model Altimas. I have a 98 that we love-it hasn't given us any problems and has 165,000 miles on it. But I would consider changing my mind if I could find something just as sporty as the Altima without the worries. Anyone have any ideas? I've been doing lots of research and now I feel like I have to start over.0
meca2 Posts: 284What recall are you referring to? I have an 2006 Altima and is the best car yet.0
Ditto. My 2006 3.5 SL has been excellent. There are no recalls on the V6.0
jmeasell Posts: 30Found a 2006 2.5S with 10,000 miles, standard equip. -- AC, cruise, power windows, locks, etc. Ran a carfax and found it was manufactured in Dec.'05, before the problems with the engines, also one owner. Believe dealer will let it go for approx. $15.5K (not out the door). Will try to negotiate further, but appears to be a good deal. Any thoughts?0
vik2 Posts: 1I am planning to buy Nissan Altima SL 2003, milage 70000. But one mechanic has told me that it often has motor problems and it starts taking oil. Can it be true?
Thank you for reply.0
rgokhale Posts: 1I am planning to buy 2002 Nissan Altima 2.5 S.
But after cheking on net i found recalls & engine start up problem for this car.
I have carfax and it shows no recalls for this car.
Is it still safe bet to buy 2002 Nissan Altima 2.5 S ?0
smarty666 Posts: 1,503I would not get a 2002 altima; it was the first model year for that body style and that year there was a lot of recalls and problems, like most first model years where they work the kinks out; just check out consumer reports magazine or online for the reliability history for the altima, which goes all the way back to 99
in 2002, there was several worse then average and much worse than average in a couple of areas, one being major engine problems; the ratings didn't get better, according to consumer reports until the 2005 model year and it wasn't till 2005 that they had better than avg overall reliability for the altima
now you have to take everything I say with a grain of salt; consumer reports is only an avg of what the majority of 2002 altima owners experienced; you might be a lucky one and have no problems!0
johnnymnemonic Posts: 10Hi,
I saw this Nissan Altima that I like around 3000 $.It is saying that is 31+mpg on the highway and 20+mpg on city.
I was planning to buy this with the small budget I have.I will be using it to commute to around 60 mi of highway.
Is this a good deal.Does it really have still this good fuel consumption as what they are saying?
Any comments or recommendation.
lorjosc Posts: 2What ever you do do not buy a 2003 Nissan Altima. There is a class action lawsuit that is starting in regards to extreme oil consumption that leads to catalytic converter damage then engine damage. Here is the link to sign up http://www.fazmiclaw.com/nissanoil/0
raven65 Posts: 2looking to buy a used altima in the next 6 weeks... not rushing......I noticed that that cars I am interested in are priced in the same range.. between 8900.00 and 11000.00... I am looking at cars with 65000 to 95000 miles on them. I have seen a few cars that were on the lots for more than 9 days... I am bringing the family mechanic with me to make my purchase.. what would be the likely hood of a dealership accepting say a cash deal of 7000.00 on a 9500.00 asking price. I bought a brand new hyundai sonata in 2000.00 for 4000.00 below the asking price with cash0
e_at_edmunds Posts: 1I own a Altima 2006. what recall are you referring to, specifically.
E :confuse:0
For a 2006 Nissan Altima , 84,000 miles, manual . All 4 tires need to be changed but otherwise the car looks in good condition mechanically . The seller is asking for $7200.0
gooddeal2 Posts: 750If you like the manual, the price is probably ok. I don't think you will get much at trade in w/ a manual plus bald tires...5K...may be?0
Yes, probably. I prefer automatics and would have payed up to 7000 for it. But I`m not into manuals so I dont think it`s worth 7000.0
johnten Posts: 13Does anyone know why a 2010 Nissan Altima with less than 20 thousand miles wouldn't be certified? I saw one oneline on a Nissan dealer's site with a great price. They even posted the Carfax and it didn't show anything bad.0
Kirstie_H Posts: 11,101It's still under factory warranty. Maybe they don't think buyers would pay the extra $$ for CPO.
CPO-ing a vehicle results in it costing extra. If that's something you're really interested in, you could call the dealership - perhaps they'd be willing to CPO it, but be aware that this will result in a higher purchase price.
Need help navigating? [email protected] - or send a private message by clicking on my name.
Share your vehicle reviews0
So I took a 2006 Nissan Altima to Nissan dealership for a pre-sale inspection on monday. The diagnostic came out clean and nothing to worry about... at all . So I go to the other dealership who is selling the car and buy the car cash for $8400 and 97000 miles. I had noticed a rattling noise and shaking on the front right of the car when test driving it , but the dealer told me it just needed to be balanced. So I buy the car yesterday and take it to firestone for balancing. They tell me that struts and all tires are bad and need to be replaced. I go back to the nissan dealership who inspected the car on monday to complain because they had found nothing wrong at all. So they redid another inspection this morning. Diagnostic : broken engine mount, cracked engine belt, loose struts, 2 tires need to be replaced ... $1500 for all repairs!!!!!!!!! Now I am stuck with the car and dont want to put an extra 1500. Can I return it ? It`s only been 31hrs that I got the car.
Also the contract doesn`t specify that the car was bought "as is " nor does it specify warranty (neither of the boxes were checked). Do I have a chance to get my money back or get them to fix everything ?0
Well I am NOT an attorney but here's how I see it.
Since you relied on a 3rd party to inspect the car, this probably relieves the selling dealer of misrepresentation.....SO, what I would do is take the inspecting dealer to Small Claims Court but only AFTER you've repaired the car.
I suppose you could go back to the original sellling dealer and jump up and down and threaten them if they don't take the car back, but if they stonewall you, I'm not sure there's much you can do.
Not sure Small Claims would award you everything you ask for--for instance, it seems unusual that you wouldn't notice 4 bad tires.0
Well, came to find out , the dealer who I bought the car from had not even done a state safety inspection on this car. I called the State Police with the inspection sticker number that was on the car and when they checked , they found out that it was another dealership that had done the state inspection and not the dealer who sold me the car. So when I went back to the dealer this morning, he admitted that he had "done a mistake " and missed to inspect the car. Yeah right ! They offered to inspect it and take care of any repair. I said no and that I just wanted my money back. They didnt argue coz they knew they were wrong and the trooper officer was just waiting on my green light to get them. So they refunded me the money and I left. I feel better now but scared to look for the next car. This was a BAD BAD EXPERIENCE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!0
Yep, bad experience but you should make an offering at your choice of house of worship---you were very lucky on this one, hard as it might be for you to see that right now. Good for you!
you might want to browse our Altima topics before making your next choice.0


text:
Ive been writing about a very important concept; Grooming into poverty! This is the worst of my abuse. And this in tails horror, as I was stolen; in a sense, and turned into something other then who I was intended by God to be. I was stolen and controlled and turned into a gang member mentality criminal potential. I was hurt! I was destroyed and demoralized.
For a while I thought I had come or I was able on my own to experience a middle class experience up to the age of 8 or 9. After this, this family system was purposely eradicated and silenced! It was destroyed by the satanic lying members who started it! As a child I had no rights. The house I lived in was taken from me! it was the only house I had ever known. And it was gone within an instant flash! and not another word was mentioned to me! it was as if my whole life experience, including friends and a way of life and dreams were taken from me; and vanished. and the neighbors disappeared! meaning, they never knew me; according to them! I was vanquished from the neighborhood as if I had never been a part of it! It was as if my whole like was stripped; and it was. my life was stripped by a very dangerous sadist! One that should have been in jail!
Now, as I read and write about it! the past is showing up again; amnesia from dissociative disorder is releasing the past information that I may experience it again and see it again! and for this I am eternally grateful, as I can re examine this and put it to rest. It will take awhile.
Ive been through many things. However, the sinister quality of grooming a child into repressed poverty is the worst of this! It is deeply bad because the intent to destroy an others life simply for the fun of it is beyond normal human grasp. Such things are not understood by the general public! The sociopaths that did this, did it for kicks, and nothing else. They played sick demonic games as if there trophies are jews from a Nazi prison camp. instead they were dealing with an innocent unsuspecting American citizen that had no way of protecting himself.
These people are exceptionally dangerous. They are predators; and that is all they do and think regardless of how small or big the action. They think in terms of antisocial sadistic acquisition of other people ( people are there trophies) Any and all people taken hostage and destroyed are there trophies, including children or there children. Who ever is closest gets attacked. There only goal in life is to manipulate and take hostage those they can find are weak and susceptible to being preyed upon by their satanic motives. They attack automatically! they are pure anti social. They attack who is closest.
I was a child, I was in the proximity; I was closest and most vulnerable. Like rats or lizards, they feed on who is closest. They feed their fantasies for power and lust! killing or destroying children is fine for them. A 3 year old is no different then a 30 year old. These type of human animal have no sacred regards.. they are of the base animal insect level!
The gang member does not have the right to love! it has been vanquished from him. At the inner kore self, all expression as been burned out through horror and fear and hopelessness... They were never allowed to be loved or to love; someone stopped them, or someone was absent! They grew up alone! completely alone!
My goal is to love my parents again. Im not sure how! but all my life and interest in this life was and has ridden on loving my parents...
Im in a weird situation, as they are legally unloveable. and I have the legal right not to think about them again or love them or have anything to do with them. However, My ability or right to love them was controlled out of me! feared out of me! If I felt feelings, I could be abandon. They did not want someone to feel something, they looked at me as an object to manipulate and control, they did not want any feelings... Feelings would suggest something alien to these people. They did not understand such things. they were non human,. they were sociopaths!
Now I have to learn how to love them again, or the concept of who I thought they were! I had the right to look at them and see them any way I wanted to or God wanted me to! and I have the right to love what God wanted me to love and see things from his perspective, regardless of the reality at the time.
I have to go back and love the idea of loving my parents, even if I never really had any, or the ones running things are gone and were abusive murderers. I have to love the murderer. Not sure how, I know I have the right! and this is what brings back life to a person!
My identity is one of loving everything, including myself, my rights, you, my neighbors, my country, my space, freedom: everything!
The right to love is the right to live! loving is the biggest freedom! Love is the biggest and most important gaol in life, and it starts with my parents.. What they are and what they did makes them justifiably unloveable according to Gods standards. They are evil; true evil! And I did not want to love evil; and that was justifiable and understanding of a younger person or child! I was tortured and horrified and terrified almost to death! and I was driven to a point of full dissociative disorder!
I must have the right to love who I want to love and see them the way I want to see them. the child in me has the right to see you the way I want to within myself! others do not have the right to get in to me to scare the kore out of me from loving or feeling. Its up to me, not you! its about the inner child's rights within my skin! and what goes on in my body is none of your business. It should be safe within me!
I need allot of healing, and find myself around the right people instead of the wrong people. Im not sure why or how Im healing and grieving but I will be grieving..
I suppose this is about evil! and evil was their problem, not mine. I was a nice person that loved everything deeply and could not wait to grow up! I was destroyed because I was a sensitive human being.... Now I choose to go back to being a human being that loves everything... I have no idea how I have permission to do this; possibly because of the truth. Im seeing the worst of what was thrown at me and Ive survived it and Im still alive! and its past tense. and Im realizing its past tense.
PTSD made me seek permission from an outside source for the right to feel a specific feeling! Controlling someones feelings means they are controlling the inner person.
So, how do I want to live my life.
And first I must grieve many losses...


text:
Back from library, 9 journals in hand. Spent far too much time trying to figure out how to link my Mac to the photocopier so that I can send scans from it back to myself. More and more I find that I do not like paper copies of articles. I much prefer digital versions that I can then edit using PDFExpert on my iPad. This allows me to export all my notes and highlights separately (with page numbers attached), and paste it them into Endnote.
More tedious emails to deal with, and must photocopy and submit those PhD forms!
Computers now all updated, so that this weekend and next week I can really get cracking finalising the data in my database. Then I can start playing with the numbers, looking for patterns and correlations. If I were better with spreadsheets, this would be more fun—as it stands I need to find someone who IS good at it to help. The goal is data-driven research, rather than strictly being hypothesis-driven. I don't want to miss any possibly important patterns by focussing on pre-conceptions… more can be found on my usual blog ancientegyptiancobras.blogspot.co.uk/. The next few weeks will be really hectic—I have an apprentice to help map the findspots (there over 700 fragments to deal with) and input the data on the replicas we made.
grins, here is some artwork I made for a 'research as art' competition held here at Swansea University. It didn't win, but I think it encapsulates what I am working on …
Demon Blasters and Fiery Goddesses: Ancient Egytian Clay Cobra figurines
Now, off to another university meeting—this one on e-learning.


text:
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Topic: Introducing Broadband Your Way (Read 57830 times)
Posts: 777
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #30 on:
April 13, 2007, 01:26:31 pm »
option 3 + 4 are given a modest opportunity (using FTP / Usenet / peer-to-peer) during the evening, compared with bursty/ 4oD / Joost traffic which anyone (with possible exception of BB+) customers could download in the evenings at higher than 500 kbps - the type of max speed for option 4 for FTP, and 384 kbps for Usenet/peer-to-peer... speeds which have been criticised on ThinkBroadband as being quite restricted (though the clarity aspect appreciated, in the forum).
It makes sense to me for Option 1 + 2 to be on a lower speed if using Usenet binaries/ peer-to-peer, in respect of fee paid, and their overall allowances, else someone could wipe out their 8 GB in 2 weeks, so a small lesson in patience seems good
It depends, surely, on how big other 'rich media' streaming / downloading is, and what bandwidth is actually required for it. As a quick test, I started 4oD and streamed a recent "Grand Design" show. It was running at about 12% of my network speed (1200 kbps) and would have been going for about 50 minutes.
Downloading it (350 MB) is estimated by the 4oD tool at 96 minutes but is actually downloading faster than the streaming speed - averaging ~1600 kbps but is more spikey, started at around 22% and is wavering around the 2000 kbps mark, while outgoing traffic (as it's a peer-to-peer system) has increased a touch... My firewall claims I've downloaded around 3 GB using KService (part of the 4oD system) in the last few days, which seems a bit high, to be honest, though I did watch a few items from the last week.
(I had planned to do a streaming / downloading graphic, but was distracted by a phone call, so captured downloading / streaming - actually it was streaming the Gwen Stefani gig, but allows one to compare traffic levels quite well, and was similar to the Grand Design streaming).
Anyone wanting can see my
Windows Task Manager network report on tinypic.com
Last Edit: April 13, 2007, 02:17:57 pm by Ultra
Posts: 1016
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #31 on:
April 13, 2007, 01:30:03 pm »
Quote from: ianwild on April 13, 2007, 12:15:48 pm
I'm really struggling to understand your point about PAYG here to be honest, The problem is that if *everyone* wanted to use 2GB at full line rate in the evening, that would cost us a hell of a lot more than those customers pay us. If everyone uses 8GB in a more bursty fashion and does not need a guarantee of no drops on the protocols that drive high demand, that costs us less to deliver and we can do it economically.
Unfortunately Ian I don't think you are making a fair comparison - why should you assume that a user on PAYG 2GB included would use the connection in any more intensive or non bursty way than an Option 2 user 8GB included.
I would argue exactly the opposite - the amount of continuous downloading you can you can do and stay within a 2GB limit over a month is very limited but with an 8GB limit you have much more scope for pushing the system.
The only way your argument stacks up is if the definition of gold on PAYG is wildly different to gold on the new products and hence virtually everything is speed limited from the first MB to the last MB within the 8GB allowance.
With respect to the new costings from BTw - I have been following your discussions on this subject on TBB and the savings just aren't big enough to justify the increase in usage allowance and in any case that saving would apply equally to PAYG.
Posts: 1404
Comms Team
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #32 on:
April 13, 2007, 02:02:30 pm »
So are you saying we should sell a product which we know we can't deliver if more than x% try to (quite reasonably) use the available resource (at full line speed - PAYG) at the same time?
We've said that having all customers on PAYG with all traffic in Gold wouldn't work. You're making an assumption that it would based on your suggesting that not all customers actually would use it at the same time. But we would be advertising and selling a product which we would know we can't deliver fairly if everyone used it to the max.
Broadband Your Way makes it as fair as possible, and is a product that we can actually deliver as specified.
Liam Martin
Comms Team
Posts: 1016
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #33 on:
April 13, 2007, 04:43:04 pm »
I am not saying that. I was suggesting the opposite that the new products aren't viable if PAYG isn't viable but your explanation makes it quite clear - on the new products all gold protocols are throttled to some extent which means that the only unshaped protocols are voip and gaming. Whereas on PAYG everything is gold and is not throttled.
In comparing the tables on the two links in the announcement - we have gold traffic rate limited to 256 kbps at peak times - I don't class that speed as gold (iron pyrites maybe but not gold)
Posts: 1404
Comms Team
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #34 on:
April 13, 2007, 04:44:28 pm »
That's not what I'm saying. I'm saying that we could not justify having heavy-download applications such as P2P / USENET in Gold (such as they are for PAYG), for everyone, at peak times without there being a very large cost associated.
Liam Martin
Comms Team
Posts: 1016
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #35 on:
April 13, 2007, 05:00:50 pm »
Sorry if I misrepresented what you meant but if we look back a few months when BB+ at £14.99 was being heavily restricted once you exceeded 2GB usage, even though P2P and Usenet were effectively blocked on that product, on the basis that the money paid only allowed about 1.5GB of usage. The changes in BTw costs are not significant enough to allow the sort of allowances we have in the new products. This is what was said by PlusNet a couple of months ago.
Based on an assumed wholesale cost of 70p per GB, the table shows that the amount of budgeted bandwidth per product differs significantly between Broadband Plus (£14.99) and Broadband Premier (£21.99). Broadband Plus is assigned roughly 1.5GB, whereas Broadband Premier is built for around 7GB per customer. (Both figures assume that usage is spread evenly across the peak period during the month).
We now have allowed usage of 8GB for £14.99 and £19.99 for 20GB and even allowing for doubling of peak times it really doesn't make sense to me.
Posts: 777
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #36 on:
April 13, 2007, 07:03:07 pm »
A friend's parents are using the Eclipse Evolution 14.99 account which has an allowance of 20 GB during 'peak hours' (1800-0000) and a fair use policy (clear as mud, I know). Eclipse gets poor ratings (alongside PN, incidentally) on
but their next account up, at 19.99, has peak hours limit of 30 GB, while their 29.99 account (level 4) has a 50 GB allowance... all are /plus/ the FUP "do what you want" rule for 0000-1800 each day...
Many will comment that such an account is unsustainable, but it's presumably down to the limited numbers who use these accounts to anything like 50% let alone 90% of their limits.
Entanet resellers are currently charging 19.99 to give 30 GB a month during peak hours (daytime to 2200, I think, without checking), and Entanet's 4th 622 Mbps pipe went live yesterday, with the next due in June.
I'm guessing that either there's a bit of contention overnight (when the 300+ GB limits are in place) or there's some speed throttling during the evenings, or there's a big chunk paid by business for fast daytime access and that's paying to cover the rest.
It's clearly a big juggling act when it comes to the numbers, how much BTW charges and how much the ISPs charge users, so there are some profits rather than losses, but it seems to me there are more light users paying a bit more than they need, while heavy users are not yet forcing all ISPs into the red, but could face contention if they tried to...
Last Edit: April 13, 2007, 07:06:13 pm by Ultra
Posts: 5
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #37 on:
April 13, 2007, 08:38:42 pm »
Quote from: Oldjim on April 13, 2007, 05:00:50 pm
even allowing for doubling of peak times it really doesn't make sense to me.
The peak times have not changed for PAYG and therefore the increase in available download for the sane proce cannot be explained by that.
Broadband PAYG customer
Vigor 2800VG
Posts: 1016
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #38 on:
April 13, 2007, 09:35:57 pm »
The comparison was with BB+ and Premier which retain the old peak time as opposed to the new packages
Posts: 3979
Not to be confused with Mike, Wildmind.
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #39 on:
April 14, 2007, 05:45:53 pm »
Well, they are committing to spend a lot more with us - That means we can plan our capacity needs, which adds a significant 'value' to the customer for us. The higher committed spend the more we can plan for in terms of concurrent capacity, which is why higher paying subscribers get faster speeds. Can you see why that is, or do I need to try and explain further?
We have been preparing for the time when Interactive traffic really explodes for a while now - We certainly see that as already started to happen, but I don't think we've seen anything yet. The fact is that many many customers will demand, rightfully, that this stuff works properly - They won't put up with having to wait like you can with a P2P or Usenet download. There will of course need to be more capacity too, and BBYW has been designed to see us and our customers right for forseeable future (Which in this industry can't possibly be expected to be more than a year!). The old product design wouldn't have coped with a usage explosion, and the product designs in use at many other ISPs also won't. We have an answer to questions that not many people are asking yet. For us that represents a short term problem, but for many others it's going to become a long term one without an answer from their current suppliers.
Does that help you're understanding at all?
Last Edit: April 14, 2007, 05:47:30 pm by ianwild
Ian Wild
PlusNet Support
Posts: 1
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #40 on:
April 15, 2007, 08:44:06 pm »
To assist those of us who do use plusnet a lot, and cannot see the point of changing. Could you add to our current daily usage tables the amount of usage we are currently using between 8 am and 4 pm (currently part of the off peak figure)Thus Giving us an analysys of our individual usage ofPeak (4pm -midnight), Off peak Midnight to 8 a.m and off peak (Day) 8 am to 4 pm the time which will under the new regime become Peak, and which currently appears to me to be fairly heavily restricted for P2P! Giving us 3 totals to work with!
Posts: 387
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #41 on:
April 28, 2007, 03:17:26 am »
i assume thats a no- that we cant be shown different peak time information
oh well, i dont think PN is expecting BBYW to take off too quickly, one segment wouldnt support many more customers (if any), although i must admit- since feb the service has got alot better.
*edit* barr-emails, even with the effort put in the email platform is still alogn way off the golden crown of !Stable!
Last Edit: April 28, 2007, 03:34:48 am by Matt_2k34
Posts: 3979
Not to be confused with Mike, Wildmind.
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #42 on:
April 30, 2007, 02:29:48 pm »
I've already answered this a few time - Tis the trouble with so many forums!
We'll absolutely provide the info for 8AM - 4PM usage via VMBU, and it's been specified as a requirement for the next phase of the Broadband Your Way product. Development of that is due to start next week, and while it's not something we can provide instantly, we certainly recognise that it's important information fot some people who are considering whether to change.
Ian Wild
PlusNet Support
Posts: 657
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #43 on:
May 28, 2007, 02:28:15 am »
Sorry for resurrecting ye olde thread but just starting doing a lil research on what packages are available these days and actually got round to reading all about the shiny new(ish) PN deals. Hmmmmm, interesting, and probably explains why I've had that rather strange feeling of being taken from behind for quite a while now
Things I don't do: P2P, Binary Usenet, Gaming, VOIP.
Things I don't use: CGI, SQL, Frontpage, Firewall, AV, Spam filtering.
Things I occasionally do: Streaming (youtube and sometimes other similar video stuff but nothing huge or frequent, audio), http/ftp file DL (SW/AV updates, Linux ISOs, maybe a few other bits and pieces but again nothing huge or frequent).
Things I do: www, text Usenet and e-mail.
Things I do use: webspace, webstat logs, fax2email.
So I'm currently on Premier #1 with a 2Mb fixed connection - I saw no point in 'upgrading' to an upto 8Mb connection only to get upto what I was already getting (which is generally nowhere near 2Mb) but with all the potential added hassle ! Why Premier ? God knows really ! But that's what it's always been following some previous package changes but at £22/m it's looking even more of a raw deal now than it ever seemed before esp considering that streaming, DLs and ftp etc. rarely get close to a decent or often even a usable rate these days. Also, as I tend to do a lot of normal stuff at stupid o'clock, the nighttime mega-DLers often manage to screw that up for me bigtime by stealing my share of the paid BW for their (excessive) free use !
Never used to have probs with speeds and performance at all but since the big problems last year, it's been more than a bit poor most of the time. Had been contemplating PAYG for ages but from reading reports in forums various, it really didn't seem that things were that much better at the time either TBH. My usage has typically been around 3-5GB (with roughly 50:50 peak:offpeak) but more recently has only been 1-2GB total. The higher figures have generally been because of the need to repeat large iso DLs or streaming stuff several times due to them giving up part way through rather than actually DLing more useful stuff. In other words, increased BW usage due to PN problems various.
There are only 3 things that have kept me here for the last 10 years: No particularly serious connection problems, not wanting to change e-mail addresses and the fax2email facility. With the current spamfest that I now have the pleasure of dealing with after being totally spam free until now plus the fact that the new offerings don't appear to include fax2email, I think PN has just made the decision for me ! They can no longer reliably offer me the service(s) I use at a price that is competitive
In principle, it would appear that I'm paying 1.5 - 2 times what is necessary and having now established that I feel even less happy than I was before needless to say.
If I was getting excellent performance and service for the extra do$h then maybe it would be justified but that simply isn't the case. e-mail has been more than a bit dodgy for ages although was improving but now I'm faced with losing all my e-mail addresses. Webstats are unreliable and have been for ages. Usenet is not exactly good and I don't expect significant benefit when it's out-sourced. Transfer rates in general are very variable and not particularly good most of the time either. Now I find that if I want to reduce costs to a realistic and competitive level then I lose fax2email.
So, are there any redeeming features of the latest offerings (for me) or any other good reasons to stay with PN now that I've been forced into a position to consider how to move forward after the security breach ? Also, can someone please confirm that fax2email has indeed been dropped rather than simply not mentioned in the blurb ? I've paid far more than my fair share of the mega-DLers BW for way too long now and suffered accordingly with poor performance so it's decision time. Is there a PN option for me ?
FWIW, I also agree with comments already made and don't really see how the new limits are more sustainable than the previous packages. I can't see how it stacks up at all but it presumably explains why my transfer rates and general performance declined suddenly last year and didn't really recover to those regularly and reliably achieved before that. I guess it also explains why a variety of questions raised on here at the time (in respect of individual site throttling and so on) didn't get answered. I can't see the new offerings with whatever the new throttling scheme is (or will be in reality) bringing an improvement to speeds I've been getting either and would expect them to be worse if anything. I dread to think just how useless it will be trying to do anything a bit 'old school' so to speak when everyone else is DLing vids or whatever 99% of the time !
Fri, 4 Jul 1997 19:12:45 +0200
Message-Id: <
Subject: Welcome to force9!
From: Force 9 <
Welcome to Force 9! ......
so it kinda looks like the 10th birthday party is going to turn into a 'leaving do' at the mo unless I'm missing something real good buried away in the latest marketing spiel
Last Edit: May 28, 2007, 02:41:09 am by mikeb
WARNING: The e-mail address on my profile is not my usual address, all messages sent via this site have been redirected elsewhere for test purposes. This could result in messages not being received in a timely manner or potentially not being received at all.
Usergroup Member
Posts: 2073
Re: Introducing Broadband Your Way
Reply #44 on:
May 28, 2007, 11:51:49 am »
Quote from: mikeb on May 28, 2007, 02:28:15 am
Now I find that if I want to reduce costs to a realistic and competitive level then I lose fax2email.
AFAIK if you are moving from a legacy product that had fax2email you can raise a ticket requesting to keep it if you move onto one of the BBYW products. In answer to your next question, no I don't know why they decided to drop it from the new packages but let old users keep it, unless they are planning to reintroduce it later as an addon service new users will have to pay for.
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- Home
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Records Request Information
Please see CASE SEARCH INFORMATION if you need to find out if we have a case. RECORDS REQUESTS are for specific documents in a known case.
District Court records include Civil (including disputes over $50,000), Probate, Felony Criminal (already bound over from Circuit Court) and always confidential Juvenile and Adoption cases.
The Clerk of District Court case index, journals and docket sheets date back to 1923. A case management system has been used since 2000 for records of actions. We started scanning records into the system in May of 2014.
Please note that copies of records made incur copy fees.
Requesting records:
- You may call or email our office to inquire about public records.
- The most efficient way to inquire about records is to send us an email with the case number and nature of the request.
- We will reply with options for receiving the records, applicable fees due and payment options.
Records we send by mail:
- If the records you are requesting have not yet been scanned, include more than 5 scans, or include scans that are too large to email, then the records must be sent by mail.
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Records available by email:
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text:
Wikiquote talk:Quote of the day/May 28, 2011
Jump to navigation Jump to search
What I am interested in is the relationship between the blundering human being and God. I belong to no church, but I have a religious faith; it's an attempt to express that, among other things, that I try to do. Whether he confesses to being religious or not, everyone has a religious faith of a kind. I myself am a blundering human being with a belief in God who made us and we got out of hand, a kind of Frankenstein monster. Everyone can make mistakes, including God. I believe God does intervene; I think there is a Divine Power, a Creator, who has an influence on human beings if they are willing to be open to him.
~ Patrick White ~


text:
So many people these days feel trapped in dissatisfying jobs yet are afraid to leave because they don't know what else to do. It is for these people that Follow Your True Colors to the Work You Love offers a beacon of hope. With simple style and clarity, author Carolyn Kalil takes the mystery ( and misery) out of the job search process. Believing that you can't know what you want until you know who you are, she begins by helping readers determine their natural gifts and talents. Using True Colors, a personality system rooted in Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator research, she guides the reader on a journey of self-discovery to find their unique strengths--their True Colors. Whether you are a Blue, Orange, Green or Gold, you will find insight to help you match your strengths--with a rewarding career filled with self-expression, passion, and success. Follow Your True Colors to the Work You Love is much more than just another career book about job searching, it is about soul searching. In it you will find an outline for success--a strategic plan to achieve a career you will love. And you will find the motivation to see the plan through. Were this a required text at the university level, a lot of people would be spared stress and headaches later in life. But as you will discover with this book, it's never too late to find the work you love.Kalil, Carolyn is the author of 'Follow Your True Colors to the Work You Love The Popular Method for Matching Your Personality to Your Career' with ISBN 9781893320284 and ISBN 1893320286.[read more]
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text:
Amy Winehouse died at the age of 27 yesterday (23 July 2011), at her home in North London. Police have said that the cause of her death was "as yet unexplained".
Russell Brand wrote of how universal the arc of addiction is: "When you love someone who suffers from the disease of addiction you await the phone call. There will be a phone call. The sincere hope is that the call will be from the addict themselves, telling you they've had enough, that they're ready to stop, ready to try something new. Of course though, you fear the other call, the sad nocturnal chime from a friend or relative telling you it's too late, she's gone."
According to Russell Brand, who has been sober for eight years and who still attends AA meetings, Amy Winehouse death should serve as a wake-up call to how people treat addicts. "Whether this tragedy was preventable or not is now irrelevant. It is not preventable today," he wrote. "We have lost a beautiful and talented woman to this disease. … We need to review the way society treats addicts, not as criminals but as sick people in need of care."
Source: http://music-mix.ew.com/2011/07/25/russell-brand-amy-winehouse/


text:
Welcome to The Ottawa Antique Market
The Ottawa Antique Market offers you the best and broadest selection of antiques in Ottawa, Canada. Centrally located in the heart of Old Ottawa South, our 25 professional antique dealers share over 10,000 square feet of attractive retail space and represent antiques from every era and style, including:
We accept Visa, Mastercard, Amex, Interac and Cash. Ample free parking is available right outside our door.
We are open 6 days a week. Friendly and knowledgeable staff are happy to serve you during these hours:
Monday to Saturday 10:00 am to 6:00 pm Closed Tuesdays. Sunday 10:00 am to 5:00 pm
Phone (613) 730-6000


text:
On the market: Pleasant and private
The simple and pleasant Colonial at 9 Whaling Road in Darien sits atop a small hill at the end of a cul de sac in a private neighborhood in the Salem Straits Association.
The partially shared driveway rises up and offers a turnaround area and a view out over the neighborhood. Toward the back, the short yard climbs atop some pretty New England ledge and gives a sweeping panorama out to the east over a small valley and the wetlands below.
There's a noteworthy back porch, too, off the kitchen, and a sun room that takes advantage of this pretty spot.
Wide slate stairs lead to the entrance of the house, which could be called a vintage classic. The yard is cute in the front and blends a grassy area with rock gardens and the folds of the hill. The front facade is brick around the first floor, with wood siding above.
Inside the small entryway the separate areas of the ground floor quickly combine for viewing from one spot. A small turning staircase is straight ahead. To the left is the living room and to the right a formal dining room. Straight on, to the right of the stairs, is an open hall that leads to a family room with a big picture window looking out back toward the valley.
The living room runs from the front of the house to the back, with lots of light coming by way of sash windows. There's a recessed fireplace with a black marble trim, accentuated by two sconce lamps on either side. The floor is a dark-stained oak.
The living room leads back to the wood-paneled family room, with its own fireplace that includes a brick hearth and a built-in wood shelf atop. There also are built-in bookshelves and cabinets on either side, and the ceiling is split with wooden beams, adding to the rustic flavor of the room.
Off here, sliding glass doors lead out to a magnificent sun room on the eastern corner, with blue flagstone tiles and a wicker ceiling fan. There are gobs of light here.
Other sliding doors lead back into the kitchen, which has hand-painted nautical designs running atop the perimeter of the room. It's a bright space that is wisely split by a large section of counter that comes into the room forming a peninsula, which separates the cooking area from what could be a potential eat-in space.
More InformationAbout this house
ADDRESS: 9 Whaling Road, Darien
STYLE: Colonial
FEATURES: Two-car attached garage, patio, generator, sun room, finished third floor, deeded neighborhood access to beach at Scott's Cove.
SCHOOLS: Tokeneke Elementary, Middlesex Middle, Darien High
The upstairs is busy with rooms, all of which share the hardwood floors and sash windows.
Starting at the right at the top of the stairs, three bedrooms sweep around the south side of the house -- each with ample closet space. There is a shared bathroom in the hall.
Next, a staircase leads up to a large third-story finished section of rooms, which centers on a recreational space, along with a large room that's separate to the north side.
The master suite is also on the north side of the second floor. It has rows of closets that are part of a recessed area adjacent to the bathroom, which is suitable for a dressing space. The bathroom features a tub and separate shower with a built-in seat. The floor is white Italian marble tile.
For more information or to make an appointment to see the house, contact Wendy Ward of Halstead Property at 203-829-5676 or email@example.com.
Jarret Liotta is a freelance writer.


text: vfxdomain 5 Report post Posted December 9, 2010 ################################################################################ # # Description: 3D-Coat AppLink functionality for Eyeon Fusion 6 # # Version: 1.07 # # Author: Ilia Zaslavsky <|> Email: firstname.lastname@example.com <|> Web: http://flavors.me/vfxdomain # # Credits: Gwynne Reddick <|> Web: http://www.modonize.com # # Last Update: 15:15 15/05/11 # # 3D-Coat Home Page: http://www.3d-coat.com # # Notes: AutoAppLink functionality added for compatibility with File -> Export to -> Fusion feature in 3D-Coat # ################################################################################ Installation: Unzip the archive. Copy 3D-Coat AppLink.py, 3D-Coat AppLink (Auto-Import).py and 3D-Coat AppLink (Create Files for Auto-Import).py files to your Fusion install folder\Scripts\Comp, the path is usually: C:\Program Files\eyeon\Fusion 6.1\Scripts\Comp or C:\Program Files (x86)\eyeon\Fusion 6.1\Scripts\Comp Restart Fusion. ################################################################################ Usage: In fusion, make geometry node (usually FBXMesh3D or Shape3D) you want to edit in 3D-Coat active (selected and active is not the same thing, selected node is blue while active is yellow, so make sure to make geo node active in fusion), then run AppLink UI by hitting Script -> 3dc_applink.py in Fusion menu bar. Select "Import from 3D-Coat" or "Export to 3D-Coat" checkbox and hit "OK". If you choose "Export to 3D-Coat", saving dialog should pop, choose location and name of the output file (without extension, .obj is set automatically), choose "3D-Coat Identifier" in the next dialog window, then in the last "Options" dialog you can choose to skip importing and exporting dialogs in 3D-Coat and pre-select some options. This last step is optional, you can cancel this window and set all needed options inside 3D-Coat. Also you should know that pre-selecting this options and skipping 3D-Coat import and/or export dialogs should work only in 3D-Coat version 3.5.06 and up. After exporting geometry from Fusion via AppLink script, run 3D-Coat (or bring the focus to it's window if 3D-Coat was started earlier), a dialog with options based on your "3D-Coat Identifier" selection in AppLink script should pop up. Set needed options, hit "OK" and edit imported mesh to your heart content, using 3D-Coat's rich toolbox for Texture Painting, UV Editing etc. When done, select "File" -> "Open in Originall App" from 3D-Coat main Menu. Now go back to Fusion, run AppLink script and select "Import from 3D-Coat" checkbox to bring edited mesh with textures and maps created in 3D-Coat back to Fusion. A network of nodes should be created, with color / specular / normals / displacement maps loaders, 2D Texture / Displace 3D / BumpMap nodes for this loaders, assigned to the correct inputs of the Blinn material, which is connected to the material input of the 3D mesh node. You can repeat the whole process as many times as needed. ################################################################################ Usage (Auto-Import): Now you can send meshes to Fusion straight from 3D-Coat, by using File -> Export to -> Fusion menu in 3D-Coat. Fusion will be started if needed, to get geometry and textures you've exported from 3D-Coat via File -> Export to -> Fusion menu choose 3D-Coat AppLink (Auto-Import) item in Fusion's scripts menu !!!---IMPORTANT---!!! To use File -> Export to -> Fusion feature from 3D-Coat, you should create files needed for this feature to work, you can do this by choosing 3D-Coat AppLink (Create Files for Auto-Import) item in Fusion's scripts menu ################################################################################ !!!--- Note about Displacement ---!!! Current version of Fusion does not allows to tessellate imported geometry. When using Displace 3D, keep in mind that it will only displace existing vertices and will not tessellate objects. To obtain a more detailed displacement, increase the Subdivision amount for the geometry that is being displaced (available only for Shape3D nodes, if you're using geometry imported via FBXMesh3D node make sure to pre-tessellate it outside of Fusion if needed). ################################################################################ Video Demonstration: 3D-Coat AppLink-Fus_V1.07.zip Fusion_AppLink_V1.07_Manual_Install.zip Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
Packed with both historical, economic, and social data, this work includes two large maps detailing Chinas population density and industry and agriculture, as well as six smaller maps illustrating historical periods. A companion to the physical and political map of China included in this July 1991 issue of National Geographic, it also accompanied an article entitled "Chinas Youth Wait for Tomorrow."
Coverage Area: China


text:
Ever since I told my Sephardic Heritage Documentary film co-producer Lisa Ades about how much I am enjoying cooking with Soy Vay marinades, she has been experimenting with Soy Vay entree ideas to share with all of my Jewish Hostesses. She created this juicy chicken version of Peking Duck which happens to be Beijing's most famous dish. It's so easy to prepare for a quick weeknight meal. Thanks Lisa!
Peking Chicken Soy Vay Wraps
"This is a healthy and easy version of peking duck, which ends up essentially being duck skin wrapped in a white flour pancake with hoisin and scallions. Marinating boneless chicken breasts in Soy Vay Hoisin Garlic sauce makes this dish a snap and serving it in low-carb tortillas with scallions and cucumbers makes it light and refreshing. You can have guests assemble each wrap themselves or make them in advance and tie them with a scallion for a pretty finish. I added 5 spice powder for an authentic chinese bbq flavor in the marinade for the chicken. Then drizzle some extra plain soy vay hoisin Garlic sauce over the wrap before folding it.
The perfect side dish to go with your Peking Soy Vay Wraps is a Crunchy Asian Slaw, which you can find HERE! " Lisa Ades
So the basic recipe is:
- 2 pounds boneless chicken breasts, thinly sliced or slice each breast in 1/2 lengthwise making two cutlets
- (1/2 cup or more)Soy Vay Hoisin garlic sauce mixed with 1/2 tsp.
- Chinese 5 spice powder (Frontier makes a kosher version; I think Whole Foods does as well).
- Add the chicken in and coat throughly.
- Grill till brown and cooked thru - then sliced cross-wise into strips.
- Serve with julienned cucumber and scallions & small tortillas of any kind (i like Joseph's lo-carb Flax, Oat Bran & Whole Wheat tortillas or even smaller and better for this are Trader Joe's lo-carb tortillas (both are kosher)
- Assemble wraps by putting chicken strips down the center of the tortilla, top with desired amount of scallions and cucumbers, drizzle with soy vay hoisin garlic sauce and fold over. You can also roll it up like moo shu pancakes or a burrito...


text:
In addition, I've made my sample application issue an Ajax request to get the list of images to demonstrate how you can dynamically build the photo album. Here is the code:
// sample application
var MyApp = function() {
var imgTemplate = new Template('');
function initializeAlbum(response) {
var imageList;
var imgHTML = '';
try {
imageList = response.responseJSON;
} catch (e) {
console.error(e, "\n", response.responseText);
// IE bug : for all other browsers an imageList.each() works great here,
// however IE doesn't like it so we revert to a for loop
for (var i = 0; i < imageList.length; i++) {
var filename = imageList[i];
// IE bug : IE computes an incorrect value for imageList.length resulting
// in undefined filenames in the loop, check for that
if (filename) {
// for simplicity, extract the base filename for the caption.
// Caption could also be defined for each image in the JSON response data.
var caption = filename.split('/').pop().split('.')[0].gsub("%20", " ");
imgHTML += imgTemplate.evaluate({filename : filename, caption : caption});
$('images').innerHTML = imgHTML;
// IE bug : IE needs a moment to let the innerHTML change register before proceeding
// so we add a small timeout to let it catch its breath
setTimeout(ImageFlow.initialize, 10);
return {
loadAlbum : function(albumName) {
var myAjax = new Ajax.Request('imageList.php?albumName=' + albumName, {
method: 'get',
onSuccess: initializeAlbum
The initial button you see in the sample application, invokes the
loadAlbum() function when clicked as shown:
<input type="button" value="Click here to load photo album" onclick="MyApp.loadAlbum('FlickrEyeCandy');"></input>
Download the packaged sample application shown below.
Update January 23, 3pm EST: It was reported that the sample application didn't work in IE. This was due to some deficiencies in IE which I have accounted for now. I have pointed them out in the code with the comments beginning with
IE bug


text:
IntroductionThis mountain village, made up of distinctive round Afar huts, is a major stop on the Addis Ababa-Djibouti rail line. The principal attraction of the village is the large central market. Ali Sabieh also has a basic hotel and a good cafe near the railway station. The highway between Ali Sabieh and the capital passes two impressive desert plains: Grand Barra and Petit Barra. At the eastern edge of Grand Barra there is a land-sailing center where you can sail the endless flats. 50 mi/80 km southwest of Djibouti City.
Request Full Destination Guide
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text:
April 19, 2011Energy and Climate Policy
Energy Analyst Ed Morse discusses the impact of turmoil in the Middle East on energy production with Foreign Affairs Editor Gideon Rose.
June 23, 2011Cybersecurity
AT&T's Chief Security Officer, Edward Amoroso, discusses the recent spate of cyberattacks and how governments and the private sector can help protect infrastructure and prevent future attacks with Ad…
October 13, 2011United States
The U.S. ratification of the stalled Free Trade Agreements with South Korea, Colombia, and Panama indicates that "there is a possibility, despite the very great partisan divisions in Congress, of bip…
January 4, 2012Elections and Voting
Immigration reform remains a hot topic in the 2012 presidential race, but the winner will have to move beyond an enforcement-only approach in dealing with illegal immigrants, says CFR's Bernard L. Sc…
March 26, 2012International Organizations
This week's Arab League Summit in Baghdad presents questions about the organization's role in a changed Middle East, the durability of Assad's regime in Syria, and Iraq's security and regional ties, …
January 29, 2013Immigration and Migration
As renewed bipartisan efforts to reform U.S. immigration policy get under way, CFR's Edward Alden gives three reasons why the time for reform may finally be at hand.
November 1, 2013Saudi Arabia
Rising tensions between Saudi Arabia and the United States reflect the differences in the longtime allies' interests on a range of Middle East priorities, says CFR's Fred Kaplan.
October 7, 2014Hong Kong
Pro-democracy demonstrators in Hong Kong feel Beijing has reneged on its guarantees of greater autonomy for the former British colony, says CFR's Barbara Demick.
November 25, 2014United States
President Obama's executive action on immigration policy is ambitious yet flawed, and Congress must now decide how to proceed, explains CFR's Edward Alden.
September 30, 2015Europe and Eurasia
The challenge of handling the influx of migrants and refugees into Europe requires a far more robust global response, says CFR's Edward Alden.