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Siteimprove Releases Improved Web Accessibility Tool
jul 08, 2014
Siteimprove is proud to announce the release of its improved website accessibility tool. With new features and a redesigned layout for simplicity, the service now allows users to approach tasks based on their job role, making it easier to get started with web accessibility.
Senior eAccessibility Specialist Helene Nørgaard Bech knows that working with web accessibility can be challenging, but she strongly believes a role-based approach to tasks is an accessibility best practice.
The division of roles and priorities between a webmaster, editor and developer can create a gap in accountability, one which web accessibility often falls through, said Nørgaard Bech. Siteimprove narrows this gap by presenting issues relevant to different roles, streamlining efficiency and accountability. Traditionally the tool has divided issues based on the WCAG 2.0 conformance levels: A, AA and AAA but now also offers an issue-specific approach that allows users to easily see issues within areas like headings, links, images and forms. The redesigned layout also introduces a color categorization system to aid and simplify task prioritization.
Throughout the year, as part of Siteimprove's ongoing commitment to accessibility, it releases a number of helpful resources. To
download Siteimprove's latest e-book 'The Must-Have Accessibility Handbook", with tips and tricks for make working with web accessibility easier, visit http://go.siteimprove.com/handbook1.


text: No one dies a virgin. Life fuck us all. Funny Russian T-shirt. These shirt are made of cotton and brand new. T-shirt is available in different sizes from S up XXL. Our t-shirt can be available in different colors. Click on the T-shirt and enlarge the image of this t-shirt.

subset: commoncrawl


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A recent interview with Samsung's camera division yielded some interesting bits about their lenses—but the real star was this photo of lost prototypes. The model with the three vintage-y dials is gorgeous. But the cube? Uhh. Uhhh.
We're all for experimenting with form factors, but I can't imagine anyone wanting to whip out a cube-shaped camera (from where? a big cube-shaped pocket?) and start snapping. Still! There's something charming about the mutant—itself a king of retro-looking artifact from a future we'll never use. [Samsung Imaging via PetaPixel]


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UnNews:Writers' strike expands to the interweb
This article is part of UnNews, your source for up-to-the-microsecond misinformation.
19 November 2007
|UnNews Audio (file info)
|Listen to this story!
HOLLYWOOD, USA - The Writers Guild of America strike, which has sent Tinseltown into a writerless tornado of not writing, has gained the support of an unexpected source: the internets wiki.
(Carla? Carla! It is "the internets", right?)
Wikis, a non-union and vaguely communist form of writing, where many different writers who vary from unqualified all the way to untalented, collaborate on one or more interweb pages, have stumbled to a halt as the writers thereon, known as 'wikianites' have stumbled off the job, leaving their respective wikis to stumble along in the vacuum caused by the absence of their not being there.
(Carla! Get me one of them books with words that have words that are just like them, but different. A dinosaurus!)
These cowardly pinkos have thrown their collective lot in with the collective lot of the also-pinkos who walked off the job recently in protest of something-or-other having to do with a combination of money and not enough making of it. Some writers say that they deserve a cut of the profits from such cutting-edge media as internets-streaming video, audio and textio.
("Textio"? That can't be right. Carla! How do I make that thing that checks the spelling check the spelling?)
Representatives of big media, meanwhile, state that the internets don't make any profit at all, as pirates, with their peg legs and parrots and galleons and shivering timbers and plank-walking, "steal" then "duplicate" television programs, films and music, and "sell" these ill-gotting gains four no money.
("Ill-gotting"? Carla! The spell checker isn't spell checking! And the grammar for this computing...thingy is way off! You should "downloads" an "up date" from MarcoSoft!)
This undermines the regular media companies, media corporations and off-shore banks, who do the same thing for money and don't share the profit, called "loss" in the industry, with the writers because writers and their writing are over-rated. This is completely different than actors and their acting, and the reason why the actors who act get the money that the writers who write don't get. Keanu Reeves, for example, deserves every penny he gets. Every God damn penny!
(Carla! Run "God damn" through legal! I don't want some God damn church group crawling up my ass because I said "God damn". Carla? Carla!)
The widespread effects of the Hollywood writers' strike are widespread all over Hollywood, with such well written shows as 'Police crime drama', 'When celebrities attack!' and 'Group of closeknit white people in New York who sit around talking in studio apartments...and also that black guy in that one episode' going from "...repetitive and unwatchable, but there's nothing else on, and the remote is way over there and pushing its buttons make my muscles hurt and there are cornchips on the floor and their pointy points hurt my feet" to "...maybe I'll just go outside".
(Carla! Should I make the unattributed internal quotes lean over? What's that called, again? Italians? How do I turn on Italians? I did it before! Carla, stop giggling and help me turn on Italians!)
On wikis the world over, but especially on the internets, the expanding writers' strike has caused the internet's tubes to run empty of everything except for conversations about Star Trek and pornography.
("Internet's"..."Internets'"? Carla!)
The steadily growing strike has put an additional load on management, who now spend their time filling the tubes, rather than golfing, meeting the mistress for a nooner, or having a mild heart attack, as they normally wood.
("Wood"? That ain't right. Carla, does this "wood" look right to you? Stop giggling, damn it!)
"This is bad." said the writer of this very article, an assistant manager at an obscure wiki that consistently fails to make a profit, between sips of coffee and a couple of mild coronaries. "If this keeps up, I'm going to move to a good, honest, profitable job at Blackwater or Ethyl Corporation." I continued, before clutching my chest after a particularly bad heart attack.
(Carla! Where's my medici...)
- Note: Mr. Burroughs is recuperating in a private room at Cedar Wells Hospital and Golf Course. XOXO, Carla (Temporary Assistant Manager, Wiki, the internet).
- Steven Burroughs, Asst. Manager, Wiki, the interweb "Writers' strike makes TV hard to watch" the internets, November 16, 2007


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Up next
escape from Jackov: SPACE MEXICO part 22
Get ready for Escape
Escape from Tarkov is a hardcore and realistic online first-person action RPG/Simulator with MMO features and a story-driven walkthrough. With each passing day, the situation in the Norvinsk region grows more and more complicated. Incessant warfare in Tarkov has sparked massive panic; the local population has fled the city, but those who stayed are looking to improve their fortunes at the expense of others. Having accepted the new reality, savage Tarkov locals - "Scavs" flocked into well-armed gangs and started the redivision of the city. Nowadays, Tarkov is separated by unseen borders, controlled by different groups. Gain-greedy gunmen would go to any length to have their way, including the murder of civilians and direct confrontation with the two private military companies.
The players will have to experience living in the skin of one of the mercenaries who survived the initial stage of the Tarkov conflict. After choosing one of the sides – USEC or BEAR – the player's character starts to make his way out of the city. Tarkov is sealed off by UN and Russian military, supply chains are cut, communication with operational command is lost, and in these conditions, everyone has to make his own choices of what to do and how to get out of the chaos-ridden metropolis.
Tarkov city, Norvinsk region. Present time. The events of the Escape from Tarkov take place in the fictional Norvinsk's region Special Economic Zone that became a gateway between Russia and Europe. Preferential conditions for large international companies, however, have not only attracted law-abiding businesses but corporations of dubious intent as well. In Tarkov, one of the largest cities of the region, a transatlantic corporation became the ground zero of a political scandal. Six months later, the political standoff escalated into an armed conflict involving UN peacekeepers, Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and two private military companies. The region's borders were sealed off, and those trapped in the middle of this local warfare flare-up were isolated from the outside world.
The most active forces in the Norvinsk region are two private military companies, hired by the sides of the initial conflict. USEC, employed by the notorious Terra Group international corporation, vigorously engages in armed clashes, hindering the investigation of Terra Group activities, carried on by local authorities. Moreover, according to intelligence agencies, USEC provides armed cover to illegal work and research of the foreign companies, whereas BEAR, allegedly created on direct orders of the Russian government, is employed by the Norvinsk region officials to uncover any evidence of the Terra Group's illicit activities. Story-driven scenario based walkthrough as one of the multiplayer game modes. Complete raids on large scale locations with your friends or alone. Explore many of the unique and authentic locations of Tarkov city and it's suburbs: citizen blocks, chemical plant area, AA military base, the heart of Tarkov city, private living zone and others in real-time weather conditions and time of day changes. Discover concealed locations - reserved facilities and stocks sealed TerraGroup offices and underground warehouses. Find useful information and items which will help to understand what is going on in the city. Cooperate with ex-enemies, change the priorities to unfold the mysteries and escape from Tarkov alive.
Live through immersive combat experience.
Combat person heathWeapon customize
Behold the system module HECS - Hazardous Environment Combat Simulator. Feel your character via health and physical characteristics, including hydration, energy, blood pressure, blood loss, fractures, contusion, intoxication, exhaustion, tremors and so on. Control your character freely - smooth speed and stance changes and transitions, leaning and proning.
Be aware of real-life ballistics and projectile hit physics.
Get ready to feel the weapon as it is in real life. Get used to physical concepts of weapon operating - jamming, overheating, wear out, reloading, aiming, charging and, of course, shooting.
Discover the most advanced weapon modding system ever. Change everything you want to expand your weapon's tactical abilities. Stay alive and pay attention.
If you die, you'll lose everything you took and found in a raid. Organize your backup inventory kits, use secured containers and insurance. Treat yourself, your gear and weapons properly. Apply the large variety of medicines to stay alive and focused. Repair your armor, firearms and cold steel. Purify water and sort out your food rations. Manage your inventory in a classic slot-based way. Organize and modify your chest rig like a real professional.
Utilize special equipment like NVGs, radio headsets, ballistic vests, and helmets.


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Audio and Video
Stream Free Movies« Video & Audio « Downloads
|September 19, 2013
|62 times
|Video & Audio
Stream Free Movies is a free application for watching over 40,000 movies on your Android phone!
Watch movies from major broadcasters like NBC, CBS, ABC, Fox, MTV, AMC, TBS, TNT, Paramount, and more! Stream Free Movies has a non-exclusive license for all the movies it shows! Similar to applications like Shazam, SoundHound, Ringdroid, and RealPlayer, it's a great movies application!
Stream Free Movies is the ultimate in numerous movies all on your phone. It was created in conjunction with fans of TV shows Two and a Half Men, American Idol, HBO, True Blood, Entourage, Boardwalk Empire, NFL Sports and Jersey Shore! It's similar to previous movie applications created by fans of Mad Men, America's Got Talent, Big Brother, Hells Kitchen, Simpsons and Family Guy. When Stream Free Movies was created it incorporated some of the best elements of Twitter and Facebook to get a real Winamp effect similar to PowerAMP music player. You can TuneIn Radio or use a Mixzing Zedge effect when using the application as well. Users of this app usually love creating ringtones and watching the Weather Channel while they do it! Fans of this application are usually fans of WeatherBug, Go Weather, GasBuddy, and Yandex. GPSUse Google Voice for greater success with this application along with Yandex Daum or Google Maps. Key features include Google Sky Map with Voice Search, GPS, and Google Goggles. Check out Google Translate if you're watching to foreign shows and track the links with Google docs, google plus google + or google+.
Check out our movie fan forums for updates about all your favorite movies that are streamed from this exciting app similar to ESPN ScoreCenter like updates to get tagged alla poker blackjack for cool Android Apps (kind of like TweetCaster Tango Voice LinkedIn and Foursquare). You can purchase music using the Seesmic Barcode Scanner and if this app starts acting up use the Advanced Task Killer and Task Manager or ASTRO File Manager. Share Music Player with Dropbox and Adobe or Evernote Notepad. Check out our LauncherPro Compass version with ability to QuickPic FxCamera or PicSay whatever you want! If you have any questions go to Engadget forums for info on My Tracks Calorie Talking Tom Cat or simply read your latest Bible Daily Bible. HD Wallpapers are a great add on for your phone. Tell your friends about this great app using Yahoo! Messenger Handcent SMS or WhatsApp. Bet you can't beat our high score in Angry Birds or Anry Birds Rio Bubble Blast!
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Content rating: Everyone
- YouTube
- MovieTube: Free Full Movies
- Pandora Internet Radio
- MX Player
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- Spotify for Android
- TV Portal - Stream TV & Movies
- VK Music & Video Downloader
- TuneIn Radio: Live Sports, News, Music & Podcasts
- iHeartRadio - Free Music, Radio & Podcasts
- vMusic Pro
- Sing! Karaoke by Smule
- Real Player
- VLC Stream & Convert


text:
Developmental values
We strive to play a leading role, both formally and in terms of content, across German-speaking Europe.
All staff, participants, graduates and partners are encouraged to contribute actively and constructively to the further development and permanent self-renewal of our academy. Change is not the exception, it is the constant state of affairs.
From our daily work and exchange with others we aim in particular to achieve and implement new knowledge in the field of further education.
Our teaching and our internal structures and processes undergo an ongoing evaluation process, in order to sustain and enhance our quality and efficiency.
We are always observing developments in information and communication technology and examining their suitability for application in our teaching.
We aim through our work to serve as an engine of innovation for the further education sector, and to implement new ideas and create new impulses.


text:
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After months of uncertainty, poorly timed beta invites, and well done cinematic trailers, a release date has finally been confirmed for the next entry in the Tom Clancy series. Ghost Recon: Future Soldier will be hitting stores for PC, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 on March 6, 2012.
Not much else is known about this new installment other then what has been extrapolated from the trailer. Players will have a new, dare I say more "futuristic" set of gadgets at their disposal. The Xbox 360 version is also boasting Kinect support, which is a first for series, as well as for realistic first-person shooters.
Will this new game help to grow the fan base or will it ultimately be better off listed as M.I.A.? We'll have to see in March.
Ghost Recon: Future Soldier marches to retail on March 6, 2012 [Joystiq -- Thanks, degravity]


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DWTS Pro Derek Hough Enjoys Spending Time With His Family
Pictured above is Derek Hough and his sister Marabeth out and about Los Angeles this week with her kids. She looks so much like Julianne, doesn't she? For more adorable photos of them and all the latest on Derek, be sure to visit Pure Derek Hough.
Picture courtesy of Zimbio Pictures.


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Lot 357: Cleo Baldon
Lot 357: Cleo Baldon
X-Bar stools (4)
Designed 1964
Model no. XBS-35
Each: 35.25" x 16.25" x 23"
Provenance: Estate of Cleo Baldon, Los Angeles, California
Literature: Terra Retail Price List. September 1964. N.pag.
Estimate: $2,000 - $3,000
Price Realized: $8,750
Inventory Id: 21357
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A swimming pool, the designer Cleo Baldon (1927–2014) wrote, "reaches us on an emotional level. We are drawn to water. We seek to live beside it, at streams and rivers, oceans and lakes. We can imagine the pool as a link to our primordial past; pools respond to a profound emotional need and satisfy it."
Few have understood the full significance of the swimming pool and the environment surrounding it better than Baldon. From the 1960s and onwards, she was a key creative figure in the widespread establishment of the pool as an integral feature of the laid-back, optimistic Southern California lifestyle. By her own reckoning, Baldon designed more than 3,000 pools in and around Los Angeles, working as co-principal of a landscape architecture firm whose offices overlooked Venice Beach. She has been credited with the invention of the lap pool in the early seventies, a contribution that helped to advance the personal fitness revolution. At the same time, Baldon was a force for SoCal cool and sybaritic relaxation: she held a patent for the first prefabricated fiberglass jacuzzi with contoured seating, and she designed successful lines of outdoor furniture that married the sleek minimalism of modernist design with materials redolent of the region's Spanish Colonial heritage: wrought iron, wood, and leather strapping.
Baldon was, moreover, a quintessential Southern California character. She was born in rural Washington state, in the heart of apple-growing country (she would later say that the long, narrow irrigation trenches that run between the orchards were an inspiration for the lap pool). She came south to study interior design at Woodbury University in Burbank. Like many an L.A. transplant, she changed her name–she was christened Merle–to something more exotic. Baldon took part in the birth of what we now call Mid-century Modernism. At Woodbury, she became close friends with Robert Theron "Pete" Peters–the architect and illustrator who is widely acknowledged as the practical force in the architectural offices of Craig Ellwood, who himself had no formal training–and would collaborate with him on several design projects. Another of Baldon's longtime friends was the photographer Julius Shulman, whose work did so much to advance the mythos of modernism. He and Baldon published a design monograph about stairways. She was also an enterprising businesswoman: when she opened her own furniture company, Baldon purchased a foundry to fabricate the metal frames.
There was one final idiosyncrasy to this remarkable woman. Though she co-owned a thriving landscape design firm, she had no interest in greenery and left all horticultural matters to her business partner. "I don't understand plants," Baldon told the Los Angeles Times. "And don't intend to."
Baldon, Cleo, Ib Melchior, and Melba Levick. Reflections on the Pool: California Designs for Swimming. New York: Rizzoli, 1997. Print. Hillier, Bevis. "Designing Women." Editorial. Los Angeles Times, 24 Feb. 1985: n. pag. Web. 22 Nov. 2015. Jackson, N. California Modern: The Architecture of Craig Ellwood. New York: Princeton Architectural, 2002. 36-39. Print.


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6. Duralay Standard Package #65 6 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 STATE CAS# 80 - 62 - 6 can be found on the following state right to know lists: California, New Jersey, Florida, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Massachusetts. California No Significant Risk Level: Non e of the chemicals in this product are listed. European/International Regulations European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives Hazard Symbols: XI F Risk Phrases: R 11 Highly flammable. R 36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R 43 May cause sensitization by skin contact. Safety Phrases: S 16 Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. S 29 Do not empty into drains. S 33 Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S 9 Keep container in a well - ventilated plac e. WGK (Water Danger/Protection) CAS# 80 - 62 - 6: 1 Canada CAS# 80 - 62 - 6 is listed on Canada's DSL List. CAS# 80 - 62 - 6 is listed on Canada's DSL List. This product has a WHMIS classification of B2, D2B. CAS# 80 - 62 - 6 is listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosu re List. Exposure Limits CAS# 80 - 62 - 6: OEL - AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3) OEL - BELGIUM:TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3) OEL - DENMARK:TWA 75 ppm (307 mg/m3) OEL - FINLAND: TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (615 mg/m3) OEL - FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3);STEL 200 p pm (820 mg/m3) OEL - GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (210 mg/m3) OEL - HUNGARY:TWA 50 mg/m3;STEL 150 mg/m3 OEL - THE NETHERLANDS:TW A 100 ppm (410 mg/m3) OEL - THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3) OEL - POLAND:TWA 50 mg/m3 OEL - RUSSIA:STEL 10 mg/m3 OEL - SWEDEN:TWA 50 ppm (200 m g/m3);STEL 150 ppm (600 mg/m3);Skin OEL - SWITZERLAND:TWA 50 ppm (210 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) OEL - UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3);STEL 125 ppm OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM chec k ACGI TLV Section 16 - Additional Information The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for their particular purposes. In no event shall Reliance Dental Mfg. Co. be lia ble for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if Fisher has been advised of the possibility of such damages. Revised April 4, 2016
12. Duralay Standard Package #65 12 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 Section 16 - Additional Information HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (HMIS) RATING: HEALTH: 1 FLAMMABILITY: 1 REACTIVITY: 0 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: Gloves and Safety Glass es or Chemical Goggles. NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RATING: HEALTH: 1 FLAMMABILITY: 1 REACTIVITY: 0 ABBREVIATIONS: NA: Not Applicable ND: Not Determined NE: Not Established ppm: parts per m illion G: Gallon mg: Milligram L: Liter gm: Gram mol: Mole kg: Kilogram μ: Micro mm: Millimeter p Pico Pa: Pascals LC: Lethal Concentration LD: Lethal Dose TC: Toxic Concentration TD: Toxic Dose BOD: Biological Oxygen Demand COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand Lo: Lowest ThOD: Theoretical Oxygen Demand Tlm: Threshold Limit H: Hours M: Months D: Days Y: Years W: Weeks ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist CPR: Controlled Product's Regulation DSL: Canadian Domestic Substances List NDSL: Canadian Non - domestic Substance List IARC: International Agency for Research for Cancer NOEL: No Observed Effect Level NOAEL: No Observed Adverse Effect Level OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration PEL: Permissible Exposure Limit TLV: Threshold Limit Value THIS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET IS PREPARED IN COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL REGULATIONS (29 CFR 1910.1200), THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA REGULATIONS (TITLE 34. CHAPTERS 301 - 323) AND CANADIAN WHMI S REGULATIONS, ANY APPLICABLE STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS SHOULD BE CONSULTED. THE ABOVE INFORMATION MAY BE BASED IN PART ON INFORMATION PROVIDED BY COMPONENT SUPPLIERS AND IS BELIEVED TO BE CORRECT AS OF THE DATE HEREOF. HOWEVER, NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTAB ILITY, FITNESS FOR ANY USE, OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IS TO BE IMPLIED REGARDING THE ACCURACY OF THESE DATA, THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE OF THE MATERIAL, OR THE HAZARDS CONNECTED WITH SUCH USE. SINCE THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN MAY BE APPLIED UNDER CONDITIONS BEYOND OUR CONTROL AND WITH WHICH WE MAY BE UNFAMILIAR, AND SINCE DATA MADE AVAILABLE SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE HEREOF MAY SUGGEST MODIFICATION OF THE INFORMATION, WE ASSUME NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE RESULT OF ITS USE. THIS IN FORMATION AND MATERIAL IS FURNISHED ON THE CONDITION THAT THE PERSON RECEIVING IT SHALL MAKE HIS/HER OWN DETERMINATION AS TO THE SUITABILITY OF THE MATERIAL FOR HIS/HER PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ON THE CONDITION THAT HE/SHE ASSUME THE RISK OF HIS/HER USE THEREOF. Revised April 4, 2016
9. Duralay Standard Package #65 9 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 minimum when cleaning up spills. Dispose of properly in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. Wash all affected areas with plenty of warm water and soap. Remove any contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly before reuse. E Section 7 - Handling and Storage PRECAUTIONS FOR HANDLING: Use in well ventilated areas. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Use good personal hygiene and housekeeping. PRECAUTIONS FOR STORAGE: Store containers in a cool, dry location, away from direct sunlight, other l light sour ces, or sources of intense heat. Keep container closed to prevent water absorption and contamination. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PRACTICES: Avoid prolonged contact with the product. Use in a well - ventilated location (e.g., local exhaust ventilation, fans). After use, wash hands and exposed skin with soap and water. Do not eat, drink or smoke while handling product. Section 8 - Exposure Controls, Personal Protection VENTILATION: When working with large quantities of product pr ovide adequate ventilation (e.g., local exhaust ventilation, fans). Ensure that an eyewash station, sink or washbasin is available in case of exposure to eyes. Use good local exhaust at processing equipment, including buffers, sanders, grinders and polishers. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: No special respiratory protection is required under typical circumstances of use or handling. If necessary, use only respiratory protection authorized per U.S. OSHA's requirement in 29 CFR §1910.134, or applicable U.S. state regulations, or the appropriate standards of Canada, its provinces, E.C. member states, or Australia. EYE PROTECTION: Depending on the use of this product, safety glasses or goggles may be wo rn. If necessary, refer to U.S. OSHA 29 CFR §1910.133, Canadian standards, or the European Standard EN166. Ensure that an eyewash station, sink or washbasin is available in case of exposure to eyes. PROTECTIVE GLOVES: If anticipated that prolonged & repeated skin contact will occur during u se of this product, wear gloves for routine industrial use. If necessary, refer to U.S. OSHA 29 CFR §1910.138, the appropriate standards of Canada, of the E.C. member states. OT HER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: No special body protection is required under typical circumstances of use and handling. If necessary, refer to appropriate standards of Canada, the E.C. member states, or U.S. OSHA. An eyewash station and a safety shower ar e recommended. High temperature processing equipment should be well ventilated.
4. Duralay Standard Package #65 4 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 Section 11 - Toxicological Information RTECS#: CAS# 80 - 62 - 6: OZ5075000 LD50/LC50: CAS# 80 - 62 - 6: Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 18500 mg/m3/2H; Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 78000 mg/m3/4H; Oral, mouse: LD50 = 3625 mg/kg; Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 8700 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 7872 mg/kg; Skin, rabbit: LD50 = >5 gm/kg;<BR. Carcinogenicity: CAS# 80 - 62 - 6: ACGIH: A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen IARC: Group 3 carcinogen Epidemiology: No information available. Teratogenicity: Embryo or Fetus: Death, inhalation - rat TCLo=109g/m3/54M.Specific Developmental Abnormalities: Musculoskeletal, inhalation - rat TCLo=109g/m3/17M. Reproductive Effects: Fertility: Post - implantation mortality, inhalati on - rat TCLo=4480mg/m3/2H.Materanl Effects: Menstrual cycle changes, inhalation - rat TCLo=54mg/m3/24H. Neurotoxicity: No information available. Mutagenicity: Please refer to RTECS# OZ5075000 for specific information. Other Studies: See actual entry in RTE CS for complete information. Section 12 - Ecological Information Ecotoxicity: No data available. No information available. Environmental: No information reported. Physical: No information available. Other: No information available. Section 13 - Disposal Considerations Chemical waste generators must determine whether a discarded chemical is classified as a hazardous waste. US EPA guidelines for the classification determination are listed in 40 CFR Parts 261.3. Additionally, waste generators must consult state and local hazardous waste regulations to ensure complete and accurate classification. RCRA P - Series: None listed. RCRA U - Series: CAS# 80 - 62 - 6: waste number U162; (Ignitable waste, Toxic waste).
11. Duralay Standard Package #65 11 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 Section 13 - Disposal Considerations WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD: Dispose of properly in accordance with Federal, State, and Local regulations. DISPOSAL OF EMPTY CONTAINERS: Reuse of empty drums or containers is not recommended. Employees should be advised of the potential hazards due to residual material associated with empty containers. Dispose of all empty containers properly in acc ordance with Federal, State and Local regulations. Section 14 - Transport Information DOT/UN SHIPPING NAME: POLYMER, NOI DOT/UN CLASS: NA/UN NUMBER: PACKING GROUP: LABEL: IMDG CLASS: IMDG PG: CERCLA RQ: Section 15 - Regulatory Information SARA Reporting Requirements: Yes SARA Threshold Planning Quantity: There may be specific Threshold Planning Quantities for the components of this product. TSCA Inventory Status: The components of this product are listed on the TSCA Inventory. F or use in FDA regulated products only. CERCLA Reportable Quantity (RQ): NA Other Federal Requirements: This product complies with the appropriate sections of the Food and Drug Administration's 21 CFR subchapter G (Cosmetics). Other Canadian Regulations: This product has been classified according to the hazard criteria of the CPR and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR. The components of this product are listed on the DSL/NDSL. None of the components of this product are listed on the Priorities Substances List. State Regulatory Information: This product may contain components that are covered under specific state criteria. RISK STATEMENTS: R36/37/38 – Irritating to eyes, respiratory sys tem and skin. SAFETY STATEMENTS: S3 – Keep in a cool place. S7 – Keep container tightly closed. S9 – Keep container in a well - ventilated place. S20 – When using do not eat or drink. S 29 – Do not empty into drains. S37/39 – Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
8. Duralay Standard Package #65 8 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 Reproductive: Possible teratogen. Skin: Prolonged or repeated contact may cause redness, burning, drying, cracking and dermatitis. Persons with pre - existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to this material. CARCINOGENICITY: IARC lists Benzoyl Peroxide as unclassifi able as to carcinogenicity to humans. None of the other components of this material are listed by IARC, NTP, OSHA, or ACGIH as carcinogens. PRIMARY ROUTES OF ENTRY: Inhalation, Skin or Eyes. SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES Section 4 - First Aid Measures EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES: EYES: If product gets in the eyes, flush with copious amounts of lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation occurs, contact a physician. INGESTION: If ingested, do not induce vomiting. If product has been swallowed, drink plenty of water or milk IMMEDIATELY. If the patient is vomiting, continue to offer water or milk. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Provide an estimate of the time at which the materi al was ingested and the amount of the substance that was swallowed. Get medical attention immediately. INHALATION: Remove to fresh air. Seek immediate medical attention. SKIN: If irritation occurs and product is on the skin, rinse thoroughly wi th lukewarm water, followed by a thorough washing of the effected area with soap and water. If irritation, redness or swelling persists, contact a physician immediately. CLOTHING: Remove contaminated clothing, wash thoroughly before reuse. TREATMENT: Treat symptoms conventionally, after thorough decontamination. Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures FLASH POINT: 304 C, 580 F FLAMMABLE LIMIT , AIR VOL% LOWER: NA UPPER: NA AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: NE EXTINGUISHER METHOD: Water, carbon dioxide, dry chemical. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Polymer dust is combustible. The explosive limits of the polymer particles suspended in air are approximately those of coal dust. SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES: Avoid extinguishin g methods, which may generate dust clouds. Water stream can disperse dust into air producing a fire hazard and possible explosion hazard if exposed to ignition source. EXPLOSION HAZARD: Firefighters should wear self - contained breathing app aratus. SENSITIVE TO MECHANICAL IMPACT: For Polymer: No. SENSITIVE TO STATIC DISCHARGE: For Polymer: No. Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures ACCIDENTAL RELEASE: Before cleaning any spill or leak, individuals involved must wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (e.g., goggles, gloves). Sweep up to avoid slipping hazard. Keep airborne particulates at a
7. Duralay Standard Package #65 7 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 Safety Data Sheet Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Name: Duralay Powder Shades Company Identification: Reliance Dental Mfg., LLC. 5805 W. 117 th Place Alsip, IL 60803 For Product Information, call: 708 - 597 - 6694 For Medical Information, call: 800 - 535 - 5053 Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients Item Chemical Name CAS # WT/WT% 01 Polymer 9011 - 14 - 7 60.0 - 100.0 02 Diethyl Phthalate 84 - 66 - 2 0.0 - 20.0 03 Benzoyl Peroxide 94 - 36 - 0 0.0 - 10.0 ACGIH OSHA Company ITEM TLV - TWA TLV - STEL PEL TWA PEL CEILING Recommendation SKIN 01 10 mg/m 3 NE 15 mg/m 3 NE 15 mg/m 3 NE 02 5 mg/m 3 NE 5 mg/m 3 NE 5 mg/m 3 NE 03 5 mg/m 3 NE 5 mg/m 3 NE 5 mg/m 3 NE Section 3 - Hazards Identification EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: WARNING: For Polymer: OSHA classifies this material as Particulates, Not Otherwise Classified. Acute Hazards: Eyes: May be irritating to the eyes by gross overexposure, no matter how generated. Symptoms of overexposure may include redness, itching, irritation, burning pain and watering. Keep dust out of eyes. Ingestion: Not expected to cause any harmful effects. Ingestion of large amounts may be irritating if product is swal lowed, may cause nausea, headache, vomiting and/or diarrhea. Skin: May be irritating to skin in some sensitive individuals, especially after prolonged and/or repeated contact. Prolonged or repeated contact may cause redness and burni ng. Inhalation: May be irritated by gross overexposure, no matter how generated. Vapors or mists may cause irritation the respiratory tract, nausea, central nervous system depression such as drowsiness, dizziness, loss of coordination and fa tigue. Chronic Hazards: None known. For Diethyl Phthalate: Chronic Hazards: Inhalation: Persons with impaired lung function or asthma - like conditions may e xperience additional breathing difficulties.
2. Duralay Standard Package #65 2 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 Section 4 - First Aid Measures Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. Skin: Get medical aid immediatel y. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2 - 4 cupfuls of milk or wa ter. Get medical aid immediately. Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Do NOT use mouth - to - mouth resuscitation. If b reathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask. Notes to Physician: No specific antidote exists. Treat symptomatically and supportively. Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures Gene ral Information: As in any fire, wear a self - contained breathing apparatus in pressure - demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Vapors can travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Flammable Liquid. Can release vapors tha t form explosive mixtures at temperatures above the flashpoint. Use water spray to keep fire - exposed containers cool. Vapor may cause flash fire. Water may be ineffective. Material is lighter than water and a fire may be spread by the use of water. May for m explosive peroxides. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas. May polymerize explosively when involved in a fire. Containers may explode when heated. Extinguishing Media: For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or alcohol - resistant foam. Water may be ineffective. For large fires, use water spray, fog or alcohol - resistant foam. Do NOT use straight streams of water. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until w ell after fire is out. Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8. Spills/Leaks: Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth), then place in s uitable container. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Scoop up with a nonsparking tool, then place into a suitable container for dispos al. Remove all sources of ignition. Provide ventilation. Section 7 - Handling and Storage Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use with adequate ventilation. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid an d/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. If peroxide formation is suspected, do not open or move container. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to he at, sparks or open flames. Storage: Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area away from incompatible substances. After opening, purge container with nitrogen before reclo sing. Periodically test for peroxide formation on long - term storage. Addition of water or appropriate reducing materials will lessen peroxide formation.
1. Duralay Standard Package #65 1 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 Safety Data Sheet Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Name: Duralay Liquid Company Identification: Reliance Dental Mfg., LLC. 5805 W. 117 th Place Alsip, IL 60803 For Product Information, call: 708 - 597 - 6694 For Medical Information, call: 800 - 535 - 5053 Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients CAS# Chemical Name Percent EINECS/ELI NCS 80 - 62 - 6 Methyl Methacrylate Monomer Stablilized >98 201 - 297 - 1 Hazard Symbols: XI F Risk Phrases: 11 36/37/38 43 Section 3 - Hazards Identification EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Appearance: colourless. Flash Point: 50 deg F. Danger! Flammable liquid and vapor. Corrosive. Light sensitive. Air sensitive. Heat sensitive. May form explosive peroxides. Sensitizer. May cause severe eye and skin irritation with possible burns. May cause respiratory and digestive tract irritation. May cause central nervous system depre ssion. May cause liver and kidney damage. May cause allergic respiratory reaction. May cause allergic skin reaction. May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Target Organs: Kidneys, central nervous system, liver. Potential Health Effects Eye: Contact with eyes may cause severe irritation, and possible eye burns. May cause eye injury. Skin: May cause severe skin irritation. May cause skin sensitization, an allergic reaction, which becomes evident upon re - exposure to this material. Ingestion: May cause central nervous system depression, kidney damage, and liver damage. May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause allergic reaction. Exposure may cause headache, anorexia, and irritability. Inhalation: Inhal ation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects characterized by nausea, headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. May cause allergic respiratory reaction. May cause respiratory tract irritation. May cause effects similar to thos e described for ingestion. Chronic: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause sensitization dermatitis and possible destruction and/or ulceration. May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Repeated exposure may cause tingling in the extremities and oth er nervous system abnormalities.
10. Duralay Standard Package #65 10 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 Section 9 - Physical and Chemical Properties APPEARANCE: Fine clear to pigmented powder. ODOR: Faint odor in bulk. pH: NA ODOR THRESHOLD: ND BOI LING POINT: NA FREEZING POINT: NA VISCOSITY: NA SPECIFIC GRAVITY (H 2 O=1): ND VAPOR PRESSURE: NA PERCENT VOLATILE W/W%: NA VAPOR DENSITY (AIR=1): NA EVAPORATION RATE (BuAc =1): NA SOLUBILITY IN WATER: Insoluble. COEFFICIENT OF WATER/OIL DISTRIBUTION: ND Section 10 - Stability and Reactivity CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Heating above 240 C, 464 F. INCOMPATIBILITY (MATERIALS TO AVOID): Strong oxidizing agents. HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Methacrylate Monomer and Oxides of Carbon when burned. HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: MAY OCCUR: WILL NOT OCCUR: X STABILITY: UNSTABLE: STABLE: X Section 11 - Toxicological Information TOXICITY DATA: This product has NOT been tested on animals to obtain toxicology data. There is toxicology data for the components of the product, which is found in scientific literature. This data has not been presented in this document. MUTAGENICITY DATA: This product is not reported to produce mutagenic effects in humans. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY DATA: Embryotoxicity: This product is not reported to produce embryotoxic effects in humans. Teratogenicity: This product is not reported to cause teratogenic effects in humans. Reproductive Toxicity: This product is not reported to cause reproductive effects in humans. Section 12 - Ecological Information AQUATIC TOXICITY: There is no specific data available for this product; however, very large releases of this product may be harmful or fatal to overexposed aquatic life. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE: There is no specific data available for this product.
3. Duralay Standard Package #65 3 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 Section 8 - Exposure Controls, Personal Protection Engineering Controls: Facilities storing or ut ilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits. Exposure Limits Chemical Name ACGIH NIOSH OSHA - Final PELs METHYL METHACRYLATE 50 ppm TWA; 100 ppm STEL 100 ppm TWA; 410 mg/m3 TWA 1000 ppm IDLH 100 ppm TWA; 410 mg/m3 TWA OSHA Vacated PELs: METHYL METHACRYLATE: 100 ppm TWA; 410 mg/m3 TWA Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. Respirators: Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary. Sectio n 9 - Physical and Chemical Properties Physical State: Liquid Appearance: colourless Odor: sweetish odor - sharp odor pH: Not available. Vapor Pressure: 28 mm Hg @ 20 deg C Vapor Density: 3.5 Evaporation Rate: 3.1 (butyl acetate=1) Viscosity: Not available. Boiling Point: 212 deg F Freezing/Melting Point: - 54.4 deg F Autoignition Temperature: 790 deg F ( 421.11 deg C) Flash Point: 50 deg F ( 10.00 deg C) Decomposition Temperature: Not available. NFPA Rating: (estimated) Health: 2; Flammab ility: 3; Reactivity: 2 Explosion Limits, Lower: 1.7 Upper: 8.2 Solubility: Slightly soluble in water. Specific Gravity/Density: 0.94 (water=1) Molecular Formula: C5H8O2 Molecular Weight: 100.0548 Section 10 - Stability and Reactivity Chemical Stabil ity: Stable. However, may decompose if heated. On long term storage, substances with similar functional groups form explosive peroxides. Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, incompatible materials, light, ignition sources, exposure to air. Incompatib ilities with Other Materials: Substance is incompatible with polymerization catalysts (peroxides, persulfates), nitric acid, strong oxidizers, amines, halogens, bases, light, heat. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fu mes and gases, carbon dioxide. Hazardous Polymerization: May occur.
5. Duralay Standard Package #65 5 of 12 Duralay Standard Package #65 Section 14 - Transport Infor mation US DOT IATA RID/ADR IMO Canada TDG Shipping Name: METHYL METHACRYLAT E MONOMER, STABILIZED METHYL METHACRYLATE MONOMER (FLASHPOINT 10C) Hazard Class: 3 3(9.2) UN Number: UN1247 UN1247 Packing Group: II II Section 15 - Regulatory Information US FEDERAL TSCA - CAS# 80 - 62 - 6 is listed on the TSCA inventory. Health & Safety Reporting List CAS# 80 - 62 - 6: Effective date: April 13, 1989; Sunset Date: June 30, 19 98 Chemical Test Rules None of the chemicals in this product are under a Chemical Test Rule. Section 12b None of the chemicals are listed under TSCA Section 12b. TSCA Significant New Use Rule None of the chemicals in this material have a SNUR under TSCA. SARA Section 302 (RQ) CAS# 80 - 62 - 6: final RQ = 1000 pounds (454 kg) Section 302 (TPQ) None of the chemicals in this product have a TPQ. SARA Codes CAS # 80 - 62 - 6: acute, chronic, flammable, reactive. Section 313 This material contains METHYL METHACRYLATE (CAS# 80 - 62 - 6, 98%), which is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of SARA Title III and 40 CFR Part 373. Clean Air Act: CAS# 80 - 62 - 6 is listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP). This material does not contain any Class 1 Ozone depletors. This material does not contain any Class 2 Ozone depletors. Clean Water Act: CAS# 80 - 62 - 6 is listed as a Hazardous Substance under the CWA. None of the chemicals in this product are listed as Priority Pollutants under the CWA. None of the chemicals in this product are listed as Toxic Pollutants under the CWA. OSHA: None of the che micals in this product are considered highly hazardous by OSHA.
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Find the latest in professional publications, learn new techniques and strategies, and find out how you can connect with other literacy professionals.
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Home › Classroom Resources › Lesson Plans
Lesson Plan
Teaching Plot Structure through Short Stories
|9 – 10
|Lesson Plan Type
|Standard Lesson
|Estimated Time
|Four 50-minute sessions
|Lesson Author
Yankton, South Dakota
There's more to plot than identifying the series of events in a story. After viewing a PowerPoint presentation on plot structure, students identify the significant events that shape the structure of a familiar fairy tale, "Jack and the Beanstalk," using an online graphic organizer. Students then read short stories as a whole class, in small groups, and, finally, individually, analyzing the plot of three different short stories using an online graphic organizer to diagram the structures.
Elements of Plot PowerPoint Presentation: This PowerPoint presentation introduces the basic elements of plot structure.
Plot Diagram Interactive: Students can use this open-ended online tool to graph the plot of any story.
As Carol Jago explains, "It's easy to teach' literary terminology and devise quizzes on the terms, but to make the language of literature useful to readers, students need to practice using academic vocabulary in ways that deepen their understanding of how stories work" (51). Emphasizing the connection between reading and writing, this lesson combines collaborative, small-group, and individual learning activities using literature circles and group investigations, as suggested by Harvey Daniels and Marilyn Bizar, to give students the opportunity to apply the literary terminology related to plot structures to short stories that they read together and individually.
Further Reading
Daniels, Harvey and Marilyn Bizar. 1998. Methods That Matter. York, Maine: Stenhouse.
Jago, Carol. "Stop Pretending and Think about Plot." Voices from the Middle 11.4 (May 2004): 50-51.


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Connecticut students score higher than peers nationwide
HARTFORD >> Scores released by the U.S. Education Department show Connecticut's students scoring slightly better than their peers nationwide at math, with stronger performances in reading.
The Nation's Report Card says just 45 percent of Connecticut fourth graders and 37 percent of eighth graders demonstrated solid academic performance in math, scoring at or above the proficient level. In reading, 43 percent of fourth graders and 45 percent of eighth graders hit that mark.
One of the nation's wealthiest states, Connecticut also has one of the largest achievement gaps between students from affluent and poor families. The state's overall scores from 2013 do not vary significantly from 2011.
Nationwide, 42 percent of fourth graders and 35 percent of eighth graders were at or above proficient in math. In reading, it was 35 percent of fourth graders and 36 percent of eighth graders.


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Charge Suunto EON Steel with the supplied USB cable. If the battery is very low, the display remains dark while charging until the battery has reached an adequate charge level. A red LED blinks next to the display when the device is charging.
DO NOT use the USB cable when Suunto EON Steel is wet. This may cause an electrical failure. Ensure the cable connector and connector pin area on the device are both dry. If you are using a protective boot, remove the boot from the connector pin area to clear any residual water droplets.
When connected, you may experience a tingling sensation when touching a metallic computer housing and Suunto EON Steel. This is caused by a minor electrical current created when the wall plug to the computer is not grounded.
DO NOT allow the connector pins of the USB cable to touch any conductive surface. This may short circuit the cable, making it unusable.
Rechargeable batteries have a limited number of charge cycles and may eventually need to be replaced. The battery should be replaced only by authorized Suunto Service Centers.


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The latest report by IMARC Group titled, "Indian LED Lighting Market: Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2017-2022", finds that the Indian LED lighting market reached a value of US$ 1.1 Billion in 2016, growing at a CAGR of more than 55% during 2009-2016. LED lights have emerged as a powerful source of lighting in India. As compared to the conventional lighting sources, Light Emitting Diode or LED lights are more energy-efficient and environment-friendly. Moreover, they have a longer life, more colour variants and easy digital control which have contributed in influencing their demand among the consumers. As one of the biggest representatives of lighting markets, India also offers a lucrative option for LED manufacturers to set up their facilities in the region such skilled labour, ease of doing business and demographic advantages.
Highlights of the Indian LED Market:
- In India, the market growth is influenced by cost-effectiveness, government support and infrastructural development.
- Philips is the largest player in the market.
- The market is expected to reach a value of nearly US$ 7 Billion by 2022.
Request a free sample copy of the report: http://www.imarcgroup.com/request?type=report&id=720&flag=B
The LED market has emerged as one of the fastest growing markets in India. The primary factor which has helped in driving the market growth is the active participation of the government. Over the past several years, the Indian government has launched various programmes to encourage investments in energy efficient lighting systems. Some of the other factors which have helped in advancing the market include rising demand for these lights in the automobile industry, environmental concerns such as global mandate to address GHG emissions, infrastructural development, etc. Owing to this, the market is further expected to reach a value of nearly US$ 7 Billion by 2022.
The market is segmented on the basis of different LED products. The bulb & tube light segment dominates the market, accounting for a third of the total share. It is followed by panel lights, street lights, down lights and flood lights. On the basis of regional segmentation, the Southern Indian region dominates the Indian LED lighting market, accounting for more than a third of the total market share. It is followed by the Northern India, Western India and Eastern India. An evaluation of the competitive landscape provides details of the major players operative in the market. Some of the key players include Philips, Surya, Crompton, Bajaj, Halonix and Havells.
The report provides a techno-commercial roadmap for setting up an LED manufacturing plant. The study, which has been done by one of the world's leading research and advisory firms, covers all the requisite aspects of the India LED lighting market. This ranges from macro overview of the market to micro details of the industry performance, processing and manufacturing requirements, project cost, project funding, project economics including expected returns on investment, profit margins, etc. This report is a must-read for entrepreneurs, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the LED industry in any manner.
To view the report summary and Table of Contents, click on: http://www.imarcgroup.com/indian-led-lighting-market
The report has evaluated the Indian LED market on the basis of:
Market by Product Type
- Panel Lights
- Down Lights
- Street lights
- Bulb & Tube Lights
- Flood Lights
Market by Application
- Commercial Applications
- Residential Applications
- Institutional Applications
- Industrial Applications
Key Player Profiles
- Philips
- Surya
- Crompton
- Bajaj
- Halonix
- Havells
Browse related reports:
LED Tube Light Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2017-2022
LED Bulb Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2017-2022
About Us
IMARC Group is a leading market research company that offers management strategy and market research worldwide. We partner with clients in all sectors and regions to identify their highest-value opportunities, address their most critical challenges, and transform their businesses.
IMARC's information products include major market, scientific, economic and technological developments for business leaders in pharmaceutical, industrial, and high technology organizations. Market forecasts and industry analysis for biotechnology, advanced materials, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, travel and tourism, nanotechnology and novel processing methods are at the top of the company's expertise.
Media Contact
Company Name: IMARC Group
Contact Person: Anand Ranjan
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: +1-631-791-1145
Country: United States
Website: http://www.imarcgroup.com/


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CARCASS "Surgical Steel" official merch.
Released by Undying Music under license from Nuclear Blast GmbH.
You can get yours at: www.undyingmusic.bigcartel.com
Listen to some great metal radio!
More events, click here for the forum (events are added from the social forum thread)
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Antennas for Handheld Radios at CB World
Antennas For Handheld Radios:
Do you want a different antenna for your handheld radio or need a replacement antenna? Here are some options for you! Sometimes people want to extend the range of their CB radio and need a longer antenna to affix to their radio. We typically recommend the SA2 for extended range. Here, you will want to make sure that the connection matches your radio and that the antenna will work for the frequencies that you are communicating on. In this category, you will find various rubber antennas, kulduckies, helical antennas, VHF antennas, CB antennas, and others.


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Meeting 13th November 2005
here: tim, mat, magda, jane, georgina, robin, danny, Gareth
1.the shop
3.paint pens and posters
8.volunteer party
10.it's cold
11.volunteer coordinating this week
12.promotion? library?
13.front of house budget
1.launch soon. inventory is done. shop this Sunday? and launch during day? Madga and george will help jane organise. need use by dates and allergy potentials on our hummus if we're gonna sell it.
Action: tue @7 jane george and magda and anyone else who wants to will have a shop meeting.
2.Reblender: when? 9th-10th-11th ? licence has to be in by tomorrow :jane and Gareth will be taking care of that…maybe licence till 3(we don't really want till 5). beer prices?
our beer providers are actually a good deal. it's a pound and a penny /bottle . up volunteer price from 1.50 to 2 and normal price from 2.50 to 2. many ideas floating around. Don't want to take away volunteer privileges i.e. no free beer.
Action: meeting to plan the blender :next Sunday @ 7.prices will be discussed then
3.magda bought paint pens, 5 pound altogether, for her table. btw should post such things on spending forum. she gets it obviously
4.haven't done anything about menu changes. if applied, would reduce prep and service time and generally make km s life a bit easier.
Action: KMs (or rather Gareth, apparently) will get it typed up, and send it out to the rest of us to see what we think.
7. darkroom: up and running. already had first crisis. it's a fiver/session. 2 pound /one roll, 5 pound/3 rolls. Advertize to everyone. it will be awesome!
8.volunteer party: sat 26th is a big nice thing on. on fri 25th(day after thanksgiving) is alex's big gay drag birthday party<speechless>
9. car .brum brum.no longer makes that sound alas…this one needs to be saved and it will be. I do not understand technical car things.
10.it's cold. we will find our heaters. and put a rug in the office.
11.vol. coordintating this week. Dai's away, who's going to do it? I'll do a bit of it
12.promo and library.Whats up? specially promo is important.what's Chisholm up to? see who comes to events meeting and find someone there ?? also should propose to events organizers to do some promo for their gig.if they want/can
13. front of house budget: is currently @ 20£/week. for flowers. obviously danny's not spending that much on flowers but asks if he can spend on random little e-bay goodies etc.20 £ should cover everything
14. also will play assassin. after new years. Prepare to be paranoid and shun your friends and sleep with one eye open with a shotfun under your pillow. it'll be fantastic!
Finally, some ryan points:
Ryan said that for the kitchen to run smoothly and everything in general to be much better, we need experts(i.e. US) working.ahem.
Ryan did Dai's job and was disturbingly professional about it
Ryan says there will be an events meeting tue 2-7
committee meeting 14/11/05
Working group and other such Forest meeting minutes
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Forefeast of the Nativity of our Lord - Troparion & Kontakion
Troparion — Tone 4
Prepare, O Bethlehem, for Eden has been opened to all! / Adorn yourself, O Ephratha, for the tree of life blossoms forth from the Virgin in the cave! / Her womb is a spiritual paradise planted with the Divine Fruit: / If we eat of it, we shall live forever and not die like Adam. / Christ comes to restore the image which He made in the beginning!
Kontakion — Tone 3
Today the Virgin comes to the cave / to give birth to the Eternal Word. / Hear the glad tidings and rejoice, O universe! / Glorify with the angels and the shepherds / the Eternal God, who is willing to appear as a little child!


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Autism Symptoms and Early Signs: What to Look for in Babies, Toddlers, and Children
- Understanding autism
- Early detection of autism
- Signs & symptoms in babies and toddlers
- Signs & symptoms in older children
- Causes
- Autism and vaccines
- What to do if you're worried
- More help
- Resources and references
Autism Symptoms and Early Signs
What to Look for in Babies, Toddlers, and Children
As a parent, you never want to believe that your precious bundle has a problem. But when it comes to autism, catching it early—ideally by the age of eighteen months—makes a huge difference. The younger your child, the greater the impact of treatment on symptoms of autism. But no matter your child's age, don't lose hope. Treatment can reduce the disorder's effects and help your child learn, grow, and thrive.
Understanding autism
Autism is a spectrum of closely related disorders with a shared core of symptoms. Autism spectrum disorders appear in infancy and early childhood, causing delays in many basic areas of development such as learning to talk, play, and interact with others.
The signs and symptoms of autism vary widely, as do its effects. Some autistic children have only mild impairments, while others have more obstacles to overcome. However, every child on the autism spectrum has problems, at least to some degree, in the following three areas:
- Communicating verbally and non-verbally
- Relating to others and the world around them
- Thinking and behaving flexibly
There are different opinions among doctors, parents, and experts about what causes autism and how best to treat it, and much that we still don't know. But on one fact, everyone agrees: early and intensive intervention helps. For children at risk and children who show early signs, it can make all the difference.
One Baby's Story
Melanie is a healthy one-year-old, but her parents are worried because she's not doing many things that her older brother did at her age, like playing peek-a-boo and mimicking expressions and gestures. Melanie's mom and dad try to engage her with toys, songs, and games, but nothing they do gets her interest, let alone a laugh or a smile. In fact, she rarely makes eye contact. And although her hearing has been checked and is normal, she doesn't babble, make other baby noises, or respond when her parents call her name. Melanie needs to be checked out by a child development specialist right away.
Early detection of autism is up to parents
As a parent, you're in the best position to spot the earliest warning signs of autism. You know your child better than anyone and observe behaviors and quirks that a pediatrician, in a quick fifteen-minute visit, might not have the chance to see. Your child's pediatrician can be a valuable partner, but don't discount the importance of your own observations and experience. The key is to educate yourself so you know what's normal and what's not.
- Monitor your child's development. Autism involves a variety of developmental delays, so keeping a close eye on when—or if—your child is hitting the key social, emotional, and cognitive milestones is an effective way to spot the problem early on. While developmental delays don't automatically point to autism, they may indicate a heightened risk.
- Take action if you're concerned. Every child develops at a different pace—so you don't need to panic if your child is a little late to talk or walk. When it comes to healthy development, there's a wide range of "normal." But if your child is not meeting the milestones for his or her age, or you suspect a problem, share your concerns with your child's doctor immediately. Don't wait.
- Don't accept a wait-and-see approach. Many concerned parents are told, "Don't worry" or "Wait and see." But waiting is the worst thing you can do. You risk losing valuable time at an age where your child has the best chance for improvement. Furthermore, whether the delay is caused by autism or some other factor, developmentally delayed kids are unlikely to simply "grow out" of their problems. In order to develop skills in an area of delay, your child needs extra help and targeted treatment.
- Trust your instincts. Ideally, your child's doctor will take your concerns seriously and perform a thorough evaluation for autism or other developmental delays. But sometimes, even well-meaning doctors miss red flags or underestimate problems. Listen to your gut if it's telling you something is wrong and be persistent. Schedule a follow-up appointment with the doctor, seek a second opinion, or ask for a referral to a child development specialist.
Regression of any kind is a serious autism warning sign
Some children with autism spectrum disorders start to develop communication skills and then regress, usually between 12 and 24 months. For example, a child who was communicating with words such as "mommy" or "up" may stop using language entirely, or a child may stop playing social games he or she used to enjoy such as peek-a-boo, patty cake, or waving "bye-bye." Any loss of speech, babbling, gestures, or social skills should be taken very seriously, as regression is a major red flag for autism.
Signs and symptoms of autism in babies and toddlers
If autism is caught in infancy, treatment can take full advantage of the young brain's remarkable plasticity. Although autism is hard to diagnose before 24 months, symptoms often surface between 12 and 18 months. If signs are detected by 18 months of age, intensive treatment may help to rewire the brain and reverse the symptoms.
The earliest signs of autism involve the absence of normal behaviors—not the presence of abnormal ones—so they can be tough to spot. In some cases, the earliest symptoms of autism are even misinterpreted as signs of a "good baby," since the infant may seem quiet, independent, and undemanding. However, you can catch warning signs early if you know what to look for.
Some autistic infants don't respond to cuddling, reach out to be picked up, or look at their mothers when being fed.
Early signs of autism in babies and toddlers
- Doesn't make eye contact (e.g. look at you when being fed).
- Doesn't smile when smiled at.
- Doesn't respond to his or her name or to the sound of a familiar voice.
- Doesn't follow objects visually.
- Doesn't point or wave goodbye or use other gestures to communicate.
- Doesn't follow the gesture when you point things out.
- Doesn't make noises to get your attention.
- Doesn't initiate or respond to cuddling.
- Doesn't imitate your movements and facial expressions.
- Doesn't reach out to be picked up.
- Doesn't play with other people or share interest and enjoyment.
- Doesn't ask for help or make other basic requests.
The following delays warrant an immediate evaluation by your child's pediatrician.
- By 6 months: No big smiles or other warm, joyful expressions.
- By 9 months: No back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles, or other facial expressions.
- By 12 months: Lack of response to name.
- By 12 months: No babbling or "baby talk."
- By 12 months: No back-and-forth gestures, such as pointing, showing, reaching, or waving.
- By 16 months: No spoken words.
- By 24 months: No meaningful two-word phrases that don't involve imitating or repeating.
Signs and symptoms of autism in older children
As children get older, the red flags for autism become more diverse. There are many warning signs and symptoms, but they typically revolve around impaired social skills, speech and language difficulties, non-verbal communication difficulties, and inflexible behavior.
Signs and symptoms of social difficulties in autism
Basic social interaction can be difficult for children with autism spectrum disorders. Many kids on the autism spectrum seem to prefer to live in their own world, aloof and detached from others.
- Appears disinterested or unaware of other people or what's going on around them.
- Doesn't know how to connect with others, play, or make friends.
- Prefers not to be touched, held, or cuddled.
- Doesn't play "pretend" games, engage in group games, imitate others, or use toys in creative ways.
- Has trouble understanding or talking about feelings.
- Doesn't seem to hear when others talk to him or her.
- Doesn't share interests or achievements with others (drawings, toys).
Signs and symptoms of speech and language difficulties in autism
Children with autism spectrum disorders have difficulty with speech and language. Often, they start talking late.
- Speaks in an abnormal tone of voice, or with an odd rhythm or pitch (e.g. ends every sentence as if asking a question).
- Repeats the same words or phrases over and over.
- Responds to a question by repeating it, rather than answering it.
- Refers to themselves in the third person.
- Uses language incorrectly (grammatical errors, wrong words).
- Has difficulty communicating needs or desires.
- Doesn't understand simple directions, statements, or questions.
- Takes what is said too literally (misses undertones of humor, irony, and sarcasm).
Signs and symptoms of nonverbal communication difficulties in autism
Children with autism spectrum disorders have trouble picking up on subtle nonverbal cues and using body language. This makes the "give-and-take" of social interaction very difficult.
- Avoids eye contact.
- Uses facial expressions that don't match what he or she is saying.
- Doesn't pick up on other people's facial expressions, tone of voice, and gestures.
- Makes very few gestures (such as pointing). May come across as cold or "robot-like."
- Reacts unusually to sights, smells, textures, and sounds. May be especially sensitive to loud noises.
- Abnormal posture, clumsiness, or eccentric ways of moving (e.g. walking exclusively on tiptoe).
Signs and symptoms of inflexibility in autism
Children with autism spectrum disorders are often restricted, inflexible, and even obsessive in their behaviors, activities, and interests.
- Follows a rigid routine (e.g. insists on taking a specific route to school).
- Has difficulty adapting to any changes in schedule or environment (e.g. throws a tantrum if the furniture is rearranged or bedtime is at a different time than usual).
- Unusual attachments to toys or strange objects such as keys, light switches, or rubber bands.
- Obsessively lines things up or arranges them in a certain order.
- Preoccupation with a narrow topic of interest, often involving numbers or symbols (e.g. memorizing and reciting facts about maps, train schedules, or sports statistics).
- Spends long periods of time arranging toys in specific ways, watching moving objects such as a ceiling fan, or focusing on one specific part of an object such as the wheels of a toy car.
- Repeats the same actions or movements over and over again, such as flapping hands, rocking, or twirling (known as self-stimulatory behavior, or "stimming"). Some researchers and clinicians believe that these behaviors may soothe children with autism more than stimulate them.
Common self-stimulatory behaviors:
Causes of autism
Until recently, most scientists believed that autism is caused mostly by genetic factors. But groundbreaking new research indicates that environmental factors may be just as important in the development of autism—if not more so—than genes.
It appears that certain babies are born with a genetic vulnerability to autism that is then triggered by something in the external environment, either while he or she is still in the womb or sometime after birth.
It's important to note that the environment, in this context, means anything outside the body. It's not limited to things like pollution or toxins in the atmosphere. In fact, one of the most important environments appears to be the prenatal environment.
Prenatal factors that may contribute to autism
- Taking antidepressants during pregnancy, especially in the first 3 months
- Nutritional deficiencies early in pregnancy, particularly not getting enough folic acid
- The age of the mother (children born to older fathers also have a higher risk of autism)
- Complications at or shortly after birth, including very low birth weight and neonatal anemia
- Maternal infections during pregnancy
- Exposure to chemical pollutants, such as metals and pesticides, while pregnant
While more research on these prenatal risk factors is needed, if you're pregnant or trying to conceive, it can't hurt to take steps now to reduce your baby's risk of autism.
Reducing the risk of autism: Tips for expectant mothers
- Take a multivitamin. Taking 400 micrograms of folic acid daily helps prevent birth defects such as spina bifida. It's not clear whether this will also help reduce risk of autism, but taking the vitamins can't hurt.
- Ask about SSRIs. Women who are taking an SSRI (or who develop depression during pregnancy) should talk with a clinician about all the risks and benefits of these drugs. Untreated depression in a mother can also affect her child's well-being later on, so this is not a simple decision to make.
- Practice prenatal care. Eating nutritious food, trying to avoid infections, and seeing a clinician for regular check-ups can increase the chances of giving birth to a healthy child.
Source: Havard Health Publications
Autism and vaccines
While you can't control the genes your child inherits or shield him or her from every environmental danger, there is one very important thing you can do to protect the health of your child: make sure he or she is vaccinated on schedule.
Despite a lot of controversy on the topic, scientific research does not support the theory that vaccines or their ingredients cause autism. Five major epidemiologic studies conducted in the U.S., the UK, Sweden, and Denmark found that children who received vaccines did not have higher rates of autism. Additionally, a major safety review by the Institute of Medicine failed to find any evidence supporting the connection. Other organizations that have concluded that vaccines are not associated with autism include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the World Health Organization.
Myths and facts about childhood vaccinations
Myth: Vaccines aren't necessary.
Fact: Vaccines protect your child from many serious and potentially deadly diseases, including measles, meningitis, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough. These diseases are uncommon today because vaccines are doing their job. But the bacteria and viruses that cause these diseases still exist and can be passed on to children who aren't immunized.
Myth: Vaccines cause autism.
Fact: Despite extensive research and safety studies, scientists and doctors have not found a link between childhood vaccinations and autism or other developmental problems. Children who are not vaccinated do not have lower rates of autism spectrum disorders.
Myth: Vaccines are given too early.
Fact: Early vaccination protects your child from serious diseases that are most likely to occur—and most dangerous—in babies. Waiting to immunize your baby puts him or her at risk. The recommended vaccination schedule is designed to work best with children's immune systems at specific ages. A different schedule may not offer the same protection.
Myth: Too many vaccines are given at once.
Fact: You may have heard theories that the recommended vaccine schedule overloads young children's immune systems and may even cause autism. But research shows that spacing out vaccinations doesn't improve children's health or lower their risk of autism, and as noted above, actually puts them at risk for potentially fatal diseases.
What to do if you're worried
If your child is developmentally delayed, or if you've observed other red flags for autism, schedule an appointment with your pediatrician right away. In fact, it's a good idea to have your child screened by a doctor even if he or she is hitting the developmental milestones on schedule. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children receive routine developmental screenings, as well as specific screenings for autism at 9, 18, and 30 months of age.
- Schedule an autism screening. A number of specialized screening tools have been developed to identify children at risk for autism. Most of these screening tools are quick and straightforward, consisting of yes-or-no questions or a checklist of symptoms. Your pediatrician should also get your feedback regarding your child's behavior.
- See a developmental specialist. If your pediatrician detects possible signs of autism during the screening, your child should be referred to a specialist for a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. Screening tools can't be used to make a diagnosis, which is why further assessment is needed. A specialist can conduct a number of tests to determine whether or not your child has autism. Although many clinicians will not diagnose a child with autism before 30 months of age, they will be able to use screening techniques to determine when a cluster of symptoms associated with autism is present.
- Seek early intervention services. The diagnostic process for autism is tricky, and can sometimes take awhile. But you can take advantage of treatment as soon as you suspect your child has developmental delays. Ask your doctor to refer you to early intervention services. Early intervention is a federally funded program for infants and toddlers with disabilities. Children who demonstrate several early warning signs may have developmental delays. They will benefit from early intervention whether or not they meet the full criteria for an autism spectrum disorder.
You don't have to wait for a diagnosis to start helping your child
While autism isn't normally diagnosed and treated before the second year of life, there are things parents can do if your child's social and emotional development doesn't seem to be on course. You don't have to wait for an official diagnosis to start targeting developmental delays and working to enhance the bond you share. This is something you can do even when your child's just an infant.
The attachment bond is the unique relationship between your baby and yourself as his or her primary caretaker. This instinctual bonding relationship draws the two of you together insuring that the needs of your helpless and vulnerable infant will be met. In the 90's, an explosion of learning uncovered the fact that this unique relationship, the attachment bond, is a key factor in your infant's social, emotional, intellectual and physical development.
The quality of the attachment bond varies. A secure bond provides your baby with an optimal foundation for life: eagerness to learn, healthy self-awareness, trust and consideration for others. An insecure attachment relationship, one that fails to meet an infant's need for safety and understanding, leads to confusion about oneself and difficulties in learning and relating to others.
Creating secure attachment with an autistic child
(Video) Creating Secure Infant Attachment: Helping Your Baby Get the Best Possible Start in Life
The quality of an attachment bond between caretakers and their children varies and can be more challenging with an autistic child. Because an autistic child can experience sensory input as unpleasant, a caretaker needs to be especially attentive to their child's nonverbal cues. It is vital to allow an autistic child to lead the way in creating a secure attachment.
Bonding securely, even when more difficult, is worth the effort because it encourages optimal development in your child.
Recovery Help's free emotional intelligence toolkit may aid parents who are challenged by the stress of caring for an autistic child.
More help for autism
Autism Help Center: Learn how you can better understand the autism, identify the symptoms, and overcome the obstacles your child faces.
Autism help
- Austism Spectrum Disorders: A Parent's Guide to Symptoms and Diagnosis on the Autism Spectrum
- Autism Behavior Problems: Nutrition and Diet Tips for Healthy Eating as You Age
- Helping Children with Autism: Autism Treatment Strategies and Parenting Tips
- Building a Secure Attachment Bond with Your Baby: Parenting Tips for Creating a Strong Attachment Relationship
Resources and references
General information about autism
Autism Spectrum Disorders – Learn the signs and symptoms of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Includes information about causes and treatment. (National Institute of Mental Health)
What is Autism? – Introduction to autism, including possible causes and how common it is, with links to many more helpful resources. (Autism Speaks)
Early warning signs and symptoms of autism
First Signs – Non-profit organization dedicated to educating parents and pediatric professionals about the early warning signs of autism and other developmental disorders. Helpful articles include Hallmark Developmental Milestones and Early Intervention. (First Signs)
Learn the Signs. Act Early – Government resource on child development, including important developmental milestones and warnings signs and symptoms of developmental delays. (Centers for Disease Control)
Early Features of Autism – Fact sheet from the Australian Child to Adult Development Study covers the early warning signs and symptoms of autism. (ACT-NOW)
Autism: Recognizing the Signs in Young Children – Covers early red flags for autism and the reasons why early diagnosis is so important. (The National Autistic Society)
Autism screening
Sharing Concerns: Parent to Physician – Features tips on how to effectively communicate with the doctor regarding your concerns about your child. (First Signs)
Screening: Making Observations – Overview of developmental screening and how they can identify autism and other problems early. (First Signs)
Making Early Developmental Screenings Routine – Article on early developmental screenings for autism and how you can be an advocate for your child. (Spark Action)
What other readers are saying
"I would like to take the opportunity to thank you for your web site. We just learned my two year old grandson is autistic . . . Reading your information on early signs, if I [had] known about this, it would of helped with my now 24 year-old son who also had all the signs of autism. If I knew back then my son wouldn't have had to live a life long struggle. Because of you I can learn to communicate with my grandson better. Thank you for all the research you provided. Now teenage mothers can get the help early instead waiting like I did." ~ Arizona


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If our minds are what our brains do and changing our brain's habits is harder than we think (Merkl 2007) will freedom evolve naturally towards a more just society?
May 4, 2007
If our minds are what our brains do (Dennett 2003:i) and changing entrenched brain pathways may be harder than we think (Merkl 2007) is the logical conclusion of an entirely naturalistic Darwinian human evolution a more just, humane world or a dystopia? Or you tried to change your mind but your brain wouldn't let you.
Dennett (2003) argues that the evolution of the human brain over deep time has followed the laws of natural science and that human free will is an emergent phenomena of that same physical process. He forcefully argues that biological determinism does not limit human behaviour to predictable, inevitable outcomes.
Dennett contends that recognition of the true nature of man as an exclusively physical body proscribed by the laws of nature will provide a stronger, wiser doctrine of freedom (Dennett 2003:22) than the belief that the reality of man resides in her immaterial, immortal human soul capable of defying the laws of nature (Dennett 2003:1).
Man's evolution towards moral thinking and existential interpretations is constituted by higher levels of evolution, more advanced outcomes of the natural evolution of entities towards emergent changes that allowed them to avoid harm and reproduce themselves (Dennett 2003:22).
While Dennett draws on arguments from biology, cognitive neuroscience, economics and philosophy proposing provocative and original arguments, there is a lack of the psychological or sociological2 imaginations in his work. It is in the area of habits (particularly those that are institutionalized or community-sanctioned) that flaws may be revealed in Dennett's arguments of a logical evolutionary conclusion of an emergent salutary human nature incapable of overriding its material brain yet somehow managing to move beyond its own autopoietic system. Would human nature not follow evolutionary pathways towards conservation of the familiar while eliminating that which is uncomfortably unfamiliar from everyday life? What are the ethical implications for sustaining an authentic pluralism, diversity of cultures? It is in this area of an expanded Derridian hospitality towards the stranger, the unknown that Dennett's secular humanism fails to respond.
Like Dennett, William James1 (1986:369 cited in Tursi 1999) perceived the same evolutionary principles at work in inorganic matter that have been applied to organic matter. In the same year that James developed his ideas on the relationship between the birth of human consciousness, habit and knowing, Freud explored the concept of habit formation as simple agents of conservation that are instinctual reaching deeply back through consciousness, through organic and even organic compulsions. James seemed to perceive the evolutionary changes in human consciousness as radical agents of variance and development. He aligned habit and knowing so that free human agents develop habits by force of will and character. James regretfully admits that habits are difficult to change after the age of thirty (1890). Freud's theorized that an organism, including a human being, is disposed towards repeating its own lived experience while protecting itself against unsafe levels of stimulation from the unknown, the unheimlich or the uncanny. Freud argued that the cerebral cortex as the seat of consciousness, recorded negative past experiences of unfamiliar stimuli protected itself by constructed hardened defensive shields against outer stimuli. James acknowledges the way in which habitual sequences and customary feelings provide us with an agreeable feeling of being at home with oneself, whereas unsafe levels of excitation from uncustomary, unfamiliar, incongruous representations evoke distress, doubt, misunderstanding and irrationality (Essays in Philosophy 345). For a more in-depth thoughtful discussion see Tursi (1999).
James "advocates idiosyncrasy, spontaneity, and originality as enrichments to a malleable world, he always returns to habit (Tursi 1999). We reconfigure the unfamiliar or uncanny, the unheimlich to a more welcome pattern (Pragmatism 122).
Just as rivers can be reconfigured so too can our neural networks but deep entrenchment of fast flowing rivers in their time-worn river beds are less flexible, less plastic and more embedded.
It may seem easy to change your mind, but if it's your brain we're talking about, maybe it's harder than we think. A University of Houston professor is looking into this with research into something called 'brain plasticity (Merkl 2007 ).'
Key Words: brain plasticity, free will, entrenched core beliefs, reconfiguring entrenched brain pathways, habits, character, morality and meaning,
1 The work of William James, considered by his followers as canonical, has been derided by his critics as classist and elitist. I consider it fortunate that his work has again found a legitimate place even with these critics. James began or contributed to so many debates that have been recently resuscitated.
2 Pierre Boudieu's studies on the reproduction of social values through cultural institutions through schools and museums, for example, reveal the degree to which entrenched societal values continue to be reinforced in a hidden curriculum that benefits exclusive, powerful social strata. In Modernity and the Holocaust (1989) sociologist Zygmunt Bauman argued that genocide was the logical conclusion of the Enlightenment project with its promise of a better society based on shared western values. The Other who refused modernity would be eradicated through a process of natural selection that ensured a safer world for those with more power to reproduce themselves.
Not just for radicals, but for many mainstream liberals too, the road that began in the Enlightenment ends in savagery, even genocide. As the sociologist Zygmunt Bauman argues: 'Every ingredient of the Holocaust… was normal… in the sense of being fully in keeping with everything we know about our civilisation, its guiding spirits, its priorities, its immanent vision of the world – and of the proper ways to pursue human happiness together with a perfect society (Bauman 1989:8).
Zygmunt Bauman. 1989. Modernity and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), p8
Dennett, Daniel C. 2003. Freedom Evolves. New York: Penguin.
Flynn-Burhoe, Maureen. 2007. "You tried to change your mind but your brain wouldn't let you." >> papergirls. May 3. http://papergirls.wordpress.com/2007/05/04/you-tried-to-change-your-mind-but-your-brain-wouldnt-let-you /
Freud, Sigmund. 1953-75 [1919]. "Beyond the Pleasure Principle" in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works. Trans. and Gen. Ed. James Strachey. 24 vols. London: Hogarth, 1953-75.
James, William. 1890. "Habit." The Principles of Psychology. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/Principles/prin4.htm
James, William. 1986 [1919]. Essays in Psychical Research. Ed. Frederick H. Burkhardt, Fredson Bowers, and Ignas K. Skrupskelis. Cambridge: Harvard UP.
Merkl, Lisa. 2007. "How Plastic Is Your Brain? UH Engineer Seeks Answers." Medical News Today. May 3. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=69263&nfid=crss
Tursi, Renee. 1999. "William James' Narrative of Habit." Style. Spring. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2342/is_1_33/ai_58055905/print
© Flynn-Burhoe, Maureen. "If our minds are what our brains do (Dennett 2003:i) and changing our brain's habits may be harder than we think (Merkl 2007) can we achieve a wiser, stronger freer society through a process of purely natural selection as Dennett predicts?" >> Speechless