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Analysis of pesticide residues in Brazilian medicinal plants: matrix solid phase dispersion versus conventional (European Pharmacopoeia) methods
Vânia G. Zuin; Janete H. Yariwake; Fernando M. Lanças
Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, 13560-970 São Carlos - SP, Brazil
This paper proposes a method based on matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) to determine the presence of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticide residues in species of Passiflora L. (passion fruit) leaves by gas chromatography, using an electron capture detector (HRGC-ECD). A comparison with conventional methods, mainly the European Pharmacopoeia method (EP), showed MSPD to be efficient, fast, simple and easy to perform. To date, there are no official methods or limits that take into account Brazil's "real life" conditions in the analysis of pesticides in medicinal plants and phytomedicines, and the MSPD method described herein has proved to be a feasible one for the analysis of Passiflora L-based phytomedicines.
Keywords: Passiflora L., matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), HRGC-ECD, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides
Neste trabalho é proposto um método baseado na dispersão da matriz em fase sólida (MSPD) para a determinação de resíduos de pesticidas organoclorados (OC) e organofosforados (OP) por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detector de captura de elétrons (HRGC-ECD) em folhas de espécies de Passiflora L. (maracujá). Em confronto com os métodos convencionais, sobretudo versus o descrito pela Farmacopéia Européia (EP), a MSPD mostrou-se eficiente, rápida, simples e de fácil execução. Até o momento, não existem nem metodologias oficiais e nem limites que considerem a realidade brasileira para a análise de pesticidas em plantas medicinais e medicamentos fitoterápicos em geral, e o método MSPD aqui descrito mostrou ser uma opção viável para a análise de fitoterápicos de Passiflora L.
Scientific advances in the use of medicinal plants and phytomedicines have led to the need for more accurate, faster and more sensitive analytical methods for their analysis. These methods focus mainly on the analysis of active plant compounds with the purpose of standardizing phytomedicines. Most Brazilian medicinal plants are still lacking in analytical studies aimed at their safe use and also their registration as phytomedicines. 1 Therefore, in an earlier study, we focused systematically on the development of analytical methods based on instrumental chromatographic techniques (HRGC, HPLC, FSCE, GC-MS, LC-MS etc.) to analyze secondary metabolites - mainly terpenoids and flavonoids - from three important Brazilian medicinal plants: "espinheira santa" (Maytenus ilicifolia M. and Maytenus aquifolium M., Celastraceae2-5); "guaco" (Mikania glomerata Spreng., Compositae6,7) and passion fruit (a popular name that includes several species of the genus Passiflora L., Passifloraceae8).
Phytomedicinal safety assessments, however, necessarily involve the development of adequate analytical procedures, including the analysis of toxic plant compounds such as the gingkolic acids in Gingko biloba L. (Gingkoaceae) leaf extracts.9 In addition, exogenous toxic compounds such as pesticide residues should be analyzed in phytopharmaceuticals.10 With the latter goal in mind, we have also begun to systematically develop new analytical methods for pesticide residue analyses of phytomedicines, focusing on the multiresidue analysis of pesticides found in Brazilian crops. Passiflora L. was chosen as the first subject, since passion fruit is used both in phytomedicines and in the food industry (passion fruit juice), making contamination by pesticides a strong possibility in "real world" samples. In fact, using modern sample preparation techniques such as SBSE (stir bar sorption extraction)11 and SFE (supercritical fluid extraction),12 we have been able not only to develop fast methods applicable in automated production lines (SBSE-HRGC and SFE-HRGC), but also to identify pesticide residues into Passiflora L. leaf infusions (aqueous extracts, popularly known as "teas") 11 and in leaf samples commercialized as herbal medicines in Brazil.12]]> In general, however, most "conventional" methodologies for pesticide analysis of medicinal plants and their products, such as the EP (European Pharmacopoeia) procedure, 13 are costly, time-consuming and require larger samples and greater volumes of hazardous solvents.10, 14 To overcome some of the disadvantages associated with the classical solvent extraction of pesticide residues, multiresidue techniques such as MSPD (matrix solid phase dispersion) have been successfully employed.15 The MSPD technique includes sample homogenization, cellular disruption, exhaustive extraction, fractionation and cleanup by a simple process, in which a small amount of sample (0.1 5 g) is blended with the selected solid-phase (such as C18, C8, C2, silica, Florisil or alumina) and the mixture packed into a small chromatographic column. Gravitational elution with an appropriate solvent in this MSPD column usually provides clean extracts. When necessary, further purification can be performed using the so-called "co-columns" (a second column for cleanup, coupled to the first one containing MSPD material. Alternatively, the same column can be filled sequentially with a cleanup material followed by an MSPD one).16,17 Among numerous applications, MSPD in pesticide analysis has been related almost exclusively to food analysis, e.g. fruits and vegetables, 18-20 soybean oil 21 and milk.22 However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the use of MSPD to determine pesticide residues in plant-based drugs (phytomedicines).
Our work focuses on the suitability of MSPD as an alternative method to a conventional, internationally accepted one (European Pharmacopoeia protocol)13 for the analysis of eleven pesticides: organochlorine pesticides (OC: lindane, hexachlorobenzene, chlorothalonil, tetradifon, a-endosulfan, b-endosulfan and dieldrin) and organophosphorus pesticides (OP: malathion, fenitrothion, parathion-ethyl, parathion-methyl). Some of the pesticides analyzed are widely utilized on Brazilian crops (and may therefore also be found as contaminants in medicinal plants), and most of them are used on commercial passion fruit crops.11 The MSPD method was optimized and compared to the modified EP protocol for the determination of pesticides in Passiflora L. samples.
All the nanograde solvents were supplied by Mallinckrodt (Phillipsburg, USA). For the modified EP method, the stationary phase used in gel-permeation chromatography was Bio Beads SX-8 (200 - 400 mesh) supplied by Biorad (Hercules, USA), while the hydrophobic membrane Fluoropore (0.5 mm) was supplied by Millipore (Bedford, USA). The solid-phases and reagents employed for the MSPD procedure were Florisil (60 - 100 mesh) from Supelco (Bellefonte, USA), neutral alumina (60 - 230 mesh, activity I) and anhydrous sodium sulfate from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The pesticide standards parathion-ethyl, parathion-methyl, malathion, fenitrothion, a-endosulfan, b-endosulfan, dieldrin, lindane, hexachlorobenzene, tetradifon and chlorothalonil, each with more than 98% purity, were obtained from a variety of suppliers, including Chem Service (West Chester, USA) and Alltech (Deerfield, USA). The three different concentrations of standard analytical solutions that were used to spike the vegetable samples for testing purposes contained, respectively; 0.9 mg of each OP compound and 0.3 mg of each OC pesticide per mL of n-hexane, 0.3 mg of OP compound and 0.10 mg of OC compound per mL of n-hexane, 0.15 mg of OP compound and 0.05 mg of each OC compound per mL of n-hexane.
Plant samples
Passiflora alata Dryander and Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg. (Passifloraceae) leaf samples were obtained from cultivated specimens grown in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil (UNAERP). The plant material was dried at 35 °C for 24 hours, powdered, sieved (1 - 2 mm) and stored away from light and moisture.
Sample preparation
Modified EP method.This procedure was adapted from the method described by the EP.13 10 mL of acetone were added to 1 g of dried and powdered Passiflora L. leaves. After 20 min maceration at room temperature, the sample was agitated for another 10 min. The solvent was then evaporated and the residue resuspended in approximately 3 mL of toluene. The extract was filtered through a membrane, concentrated to about 0.1 mL and injected into a 40 x 1 cm Bio Beads SX-8 column pressurized with nitrogen to reach a flow rate of 1mL/min, using toluene as mobile phase. The fraction containing all the pesticides was concentrated, diluted to 1 mL with n-hexane and analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (HRGC-ECD).]]> MSPD method. Florisil deactivated with 3% H2O (0.5 g) and dried and powdered Passiflora L. leaves (1 g) were gently ground with a pestle in a glass mortar (5 min) until a homogeneous powdered sample was obtained. This mixture was transferred into a column (5 x 1.5 cm) filled with neutral alumina deactivated with 3% H2O (2 g) and anhydrous sodium sulfate (0.5 g). A mixture of n-hexane - ethyl acetate solvent 70 : 30 (v/v, 5 mL) was utilized for elution in the column and the resulting extract was concentrated, resuspended with n-hexane (1 mL) and analyzed by HRGC-ECD.
Chromatographic analysis
Modified EP method. The experiments were performed using an HP 5890 series II gas chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni electron capture detector (Palo Alto, USA). A LM-5 column, 25 m x 0.25 mm i.d., coated with a 0.33 mm film of a cross-linked 5% phenyl methylpolysiloxane stationary phase (L & M, São Carlos, Brazil), was used. A volume of 1 mL of each standard solution or sample extract was injected under the following conditions: injector and detector temperature, 250 °C and 300 °C, respectively; the temperature program was: initial temperature 150 °C, programmed at 4 °C min-1 to 185 °C, held for 3 min, followed by 12 °C min-1 to 290 °C and held for 1 min. Hydrogen (UP grade) was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 2.0 mL min-1; nitrogen (UP grade) was used as make up gas at a flow rate of 60 mL min-1 and the injection split ratio was 1:15. Chromatographic data were collected using an HP 3396-A integrator (Palo Alto, USA). Quantification was performed by the external standard method. The calibration graphs, constructed at concentrations of 0.03 to 0.9 mg of each compound per mL of plant extract, presented a good linearity (r = 0.9932 to 0.9998). The limit of detection (LOD) for the pesticides determined by ECD varied from 2 ng mL-1 (hexachlorobenzene) to 15 ng mL-1 (malathion).
MSPD method. Analyses were carried out in a Shimadzu 17 A gas chromatograph fitted with a 63Ni electron capture detector (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan). As described for the EP method, a LM-5 column was used (20 m x 0.15 mm x 0.20 mm) and 1 mL of standard solution or extract was injected. The operational conditions were: injector and detector temperature, 250 °C and 300 °C, respectively, the temperature program was: 140 °C, held for 0.5 min, 8 °C min-1 to 210 °C, followed by 12 °C min-1 to 255 °C, for 3 min. Hydrogen (UP grade) was used as carrier gas at 1.0 mL min-1; nitrogen (UP grade) was used as make up gas at 50 mL min-1; injection split ratio, 1:10. Chromatographic data were elaborated using a Work Station Class program. Quantification was performed by the external standard method. The calibration graphs - constructed at same concentrations as described for the EP method - showed a good linearity (r = 0.9978 to 0.9999). The pesticides' LOD ranged from 2 ng mL-1 (hexachlorobenzene) to 12 ng mL-1 (malathion).
Results and Discussion
The EP method the most recent official procedure to determine pesticides in medicinal plants was adapted and employed as the referential methodology throughout this study. Although the amount of herbal drug employed for the analysis was reduced to about a tenth of the amount suggested by the EP, which was accomplished by reducing the consumption of all the reagents with no loss to the method's performance, the modified procedure consumed a large amount of reagents and time. Table 1 shows the recoveries (R) and their respective relative standard deviations (RSD) and 95% confidence interval of the mean population (CL) obtained by the modified EP procedure for two Passiflora L. species.
The alternative MSPD-based method was optimized considering the analytical variables: solid phase used as dispersant material (C8, C18, Florisil), the eluant solvent and the solid phase used for the cleanup step. The use of Florisil for the microdispersion of Passiflora L. leaves produced higher recoveries than those obtained with the non-polar solid phases, except for malathion. Moreover, Florisil produced the cleanest chromatographic profiles with lower baselines than those of C8 and C18, a fact that was attributed to the preferential adsorption of polar sample components, interfering with compounds such as pigments and chlorophylls on the Florisil surface. The use of a suitable solvent mixture led to the successful and selective elution of the analytes from the extraction column, retaining a large number of matrix coextracts. In this case, 3 mL of the n-hexane-ethyl acetate mixture (70:30 v/v) proved to be the most suitable eluting condition to reach the highest recoveries. All the MSPD elutions were conducted by gravity flow. With this MSPD extraction procedure, the extracts were generally clear enough to allow for direct chromatographic determination, but higher reproducibilities were achieved when an additional cleanup was performed. The use of neutral alumina for extract cleanup was optimized in a previous study;23 therefore, this material was utilized in the same column with the MSPD material for cleanup ("co-column"). Figure 1 presents the Passiflora L. species GC profiles using the alternative MSPD procedure. Recoveries and repeatability results for the MSPD procedure are given in Table 2. The fortification levels used in both the EP method (Table 1) and MSPD (Table 2) procedures were selected because they covered the range of tolerance levels set by the EP. In addition, these methodologies have been validated according to the EP criteria, meeting its currently valid regulations.
To avoid matrix-induced enhanced GC responses,24 standard pesticide solutions were prepared in hexanic plant extracts, showing suitable quantitative results. The influence of the matrix is illustrated in Figure 2, which shows the behavior of the chromatographic response found for the hexachlorobenzene (HCB) peak when this compound was prepared for calibration graphs in the presence of crude plant extract and in "pure" n-hexane. Thus, all the data listed in Tables 1 and 2 were calculated based on the external standard method and using crude plant extract to prepare the respective calibration curves.
Comparison of methods
The extraction efficiency of MSPD was also compared with that of the EP referential method. Student's t-test was used to statistically compare the recovery and repeatability data of the two methods (EP and MSPD) for Passiflora L. species. This analysis revealed no significant statistical differences between the mean values at the confidence level of 95% (Table 3). Besides its efficiency in pesticide residue analysis being comparable to the EP method, the MSPD method also requires the use of smaller amounts of reagents and less time. The total solvent volume utilized by the MSPD method for each essay was approximately 10 mL, the solid phase materials 4 g and the time 40 min, i.e., respectively 1/7, 1/4 and 1/3 of those consumed in the EP procedure. Furthermore, the MSPD procedure does not require sophisticated instruments or materials, and is an interesting analytical alternative for the majority of pesticide monitoring laboratories in Brazil.
]]> Conclusions
Considering some aspects of the Brazilian reality (i.e., pesticides commonly used and possibly found in "real samples" of medicinal plants, laboratory infrastructure etc.), the MSPD-based method described herein was developed as an alternative to the EP method. This procedure provided analytical results equivalent to the referential EP method, with the advantages of being cheaper, simpler and faster. The proposed procedure may be useful as a screening protocol to identify pesticides in herbal drugs by industrial pharmaceutical and official regulatory laboratories.
The authors are grateful to Dr. Ana M. S. Pereira and Ademar Menezes (UNAERP) for providing plant material, and the Brazilian research funding institutions FAPESP, CAPES and CNPq for their financial support and fellowships.
1. Pinto, A. C.; Silva, D. H. S.; Bolzani, V. da S.; Lopes, N. P.; Epifanio, R. de A.; Quim. Nova 2002, 25 Supl. 1, 45. [ Links ]
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3. Vilegas, J. H. Y.; Lanças, F. M.; Wauters, J.-N. ; Angenot, L.; Phytochem. Anal. 1998, 9, 263. [ Links ]
4. Cordeiro, P.J.M.; Vilegas, J. H. Y.; Lanças, F. M.; J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 1999, 10, 523. [ Links ]
5. Nossack, A. C.; Vasconcelos, E. C.; Vilegas, J. H. Y.; Lanças, F. M.; Roque, N. F.; Phytochem. Anal. 2000, 11, 243. [ Links ]
6. Vilegas, J. H. Y.; de Marchi, E.; Lanças, F. M.; Phytochem. Anal. 1997, 8, 74. [ Links ]
7. Celeghini, R. M. S.; Vilegas, J. H. Y.; Lanças, F. M.;. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2001, 12, 706. [ Links ]
8. Pereira, C. A. M; Vilegas, J. H. Y.; Rev. Bras. Pl. Med. 2000, 3, 1. [ Links ]
9. Ndjoko, K.; Wolfender, J.-L.; Hostettmann, K.; J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 744, 249. [ Links ]
10. Zuin, V. G.; Vilegas, J. H. Y.; Phytother. Res. 2000, 14, 73. [ Links ]
11. Bicchi, C.; Cordero, C.; Iori, C.; Rubiolo, P.; Sandra, P.; Yariwake, J. H.; Zuin, V. G.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51, 27. [ Links ]
12. Zuin, V. G.; Yariwake, J. H.; Bicchi, C.; J. Chromatogr. A 2003, 985, 159. [ Links ]
13. European Pharmacopoeia, Conseil de l'Europe: Strasbourg, 1997. [ Links ]
14. Valenzuela, A. I.; Lorenzini, R.; Redondo, M. J.; Font, G.; J. Chromatogr. A. 1999, 839, 101. [ Links ]
15. Barker, S. A.; J. Chromatogr. A. 2000, 885, 115. [ Links ]
16. Viana, E.; Moltó, J.C.; Font, G.; J. Chromatogr. A. 1996, 754, 437. [ Links ]
17. Barker, S. A.; J. Chromatogr. A. 2000, 880, 63. [ Links ]
18. Dorea, H. S.; Lanças, F. M.; J. Microcol. Sep. 1999, 11, 367. [ Links ]
19. Blasco, C.; Pico, Y.; Manes, J.; Font, G.;J. Chromatogr. A 2002, 947, 227. [ Links ]
20. Kristenson, E. M.; Haverkate, E. G. J.; Slooten, C. J.; Ramos, I.; Vreuls, R. J. J.; Brinkman, U. A. T.; J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 917, 277. [ Links ]
21. Muccio, A.; Pelosi, P.; Barbini, D. A.; Generali, T.; Girolimetti, S.; Stefanelli, P.; Leonelli, A.; Amendola, G.; Vergori, L.; Fresquet, E. V.; J. Chromatogr. A 1999, 833, 19. [ Links ]
22. Yague, C.; Bayarri, S.; Lazaro, R.; Conchello, P.; Arino, A.; Herrera, A.; J. AOAC Int. 1998, 81,1023. [ Links ]
23. Zuin, V. G.; Yariwake, J. H.; Lanças, F. M.; Abstracts of the IX Congreso Latinoamericano de Cromatografia, Cartagena: Colombia, 2002. [ Links ]
24. Kocourek, V.; Hajslova, J.; Holadova, K.; Poutska, J.; J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 800, 297. [ Links ]
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Janete H. Yariwake
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The data is good: nearly every large galaxy has at least one supermassive black hole in its nucleus. The data is bad: there generally seems to be a connection between the mass of the black hole and the size of the galaxy's bulge, at least for many galaxies. And the data is ugly: accurate direct measurements of black hole masses are hard to come by, since they're buried deep in the middle of their host galaxies.
A promising technique has used gas dynamics in the galaxy as a black hole mass tracer, as proposed by Timothy A. Davis, Martin Bureau, Michele Cappellari, Marc Sarzi, and Leo Blitz. They tested their hypothesis on a galaxy that has a large amount of carbon monoxide emissions, prime for observations with submillimeter observatories. This method requires far less observation time than many other techniques, meaning that many supermassive black holes could potentially be surveyed.
Measuring supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses is not always straightforward. Astronomers can estimate masses by tracking stars in the central regions of galaxies as they orbit the black hole or by mapping emission by nearby ionized gas. Another promising method used X-ray and radio light for the most massive galaxies in the Universe. But these techniques aren't possible for all galaxies
Molecular gas, however, is present in a large number of galaxies, and many molecules emit at wavelengths that can provide high-resolution looks into the regions near SMBHs. These molecules include hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). The latter is particularly interesting, because it emits light in the submillimeter range, the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum lying at the boundary between infrared and microwave light.
Gas near galactic centers moves under a variety of gravitational influence, including the internal gravitational attraction of the gas cloud itself. If the galaxy is host to a SMBH, then it will contribute to the gas motion—its kinematics—as well. The motion of the gas can be measured through the Doppler effect, the shifting of the wavelengths due to the gas' velocity relative to Earth.
The authors of the new study measured CO emission from the galaxy NGC 4526. This is a lenticular (lentil-shaped) galaxy—effectively a spiral galaxy with no spiral arms. Due to its shape, NGC 4526 has a clearly defined central bulge, and that's where the influence of a SMBH would be felt by the molecular gas. The astronomers performed their observations with the Combined Array for Research in Millimetre Astronomy (CARMA), a set of six telescopes in California.
Using multiple telescopes in combination often provides higher resolution than individual telescopes can achieve. That allowed the authors to peer at the central region of NGC 4526 and create a full Doppler map of the CO motion.
From this map, they fit a variety of possible models that could explain the gas kinematics: no SMBH, or a range of possible SMBH mass values. This comparison allowed them to decisively rule out the "no SMBH" option, since that would imply more gas than they actually observed. The best fit to the data included a SMBH roughly 450 million times the mass of the Sun—a hefty black hole, but nowhere close to the biggest known specimen.
As with other gas measurements, the molecular gas observations could run into trouble if the black hole causes turbulence or if the rotation of the gas doesn't align with the stars of the bulge. For NGC 4526, this problem didn't seem to exist, but the authors warn that for other galaxies, it could lead to overestimates of the SMBH mass.
Besides the relative abundance of molecular gas in many galaxies, the method also has a striking advantage: short observation times. With arrays of submillimeter telescopes such as the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile, the researchers estimated a single black hole could be studied in 5 hours—an impressively short time. That opens up the possibility of performing SMBH surveys, collecting sufficient data to settle questions of black hole-galaxy interaction and coevolution.
Nature, 2013. DOI: 10.1038/nature11819 (About DOIs).


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The Big Sur man accused of fatally stabbing a taxi driver last week in Monterey was taken off life support and died early Thursday, the Monterey County District Attorney"s Office reported.
Joshua Claypole, 20, was declared dead after the staff at a San Jose hospital took him off life-sustaining equipment about 9:30 a.m. Relatives said three organs were harvested for donation.
Claypole was found hanging in his cell at the Monterey County Jail as officers made routine rounds about 2:30 p.m. Saturday.
He is accused of killing Daniel Garcia Huerta, 44, in his cab on the afternoon of May 1, soon after Huerta picked up Claypole at a Carmel shopping center.
Huerta was a father of two from a family of Salinas taxi drivers who preferred to work in Monterey, believing it was safer than Salinas.
His wife, Alma Huerta, has called for an to end to violence that plagues the region, while his brother Saul Huerta has asked companies for better safety protections for taxi drivers.
"What happened, no one can know," Daniel"s brother Jorge Huerta said in an earlier interview. "He was working for his family. He left two daughters without a father and parents who are suffering great pain."
The attack happened as the taxi pulled into a parking lot on Del Monte Avenue, where, said Claypole"s mother, her son wanted to rent a car because he needed to pick up his own vehicle after a DUI arrest in Redwood City.
Witnesses said Claypole stabbed Huerta multiple times. Claypole then hijacked a nearby pickup and was arrested a short distance away in Seaside. He was arraigned Friday, when he pleaded not guilty to charges of murder and carjacking.
Claypole"s mother, Silvia Guersenzvaig, said she was told by his attorney that he didn"t remember stabbing Huerta or any of the surrounding events. Guersenzvaig said she believed her son was in a confused state and only fully realized what he had done at his arraignment.
"He was incapable of hurting people unless he was in an altered state," she said Thursday. "Deep inside, I know the reason he committed suicide. He realized what he"d done. I think he couldn"t live with that fact."
Guersenzvaig said she sympathized with the family of the victim.
"I really feel for the family that loved a husband and father," she said.
Claypole"s attorney, John Klopfenstein, said he was "saddened by the whole situation."
Klopfenstein said he met with Claypole for about two hours the morning after his arrest and later that evening.
The attorney said he asked jail employees to put his client on suicide watch and was assured they would.
He said Claypole wasn"t "making any sense" at those meetings and did not appear to comprehend "the full extent" of his role in the murder case.
"I assume by Saturday he had," Klopfenstein said, referring to the day Claypole was founding hanging in his jail cell.
Klopfenstein said that before his death, Claypole asked about getting his prescription medication clonazepam, which is used to treat panic disorders and anxiety.
On Saturday, Guersenzvaig went to the jail to visit her son but was told he had been moved and visitation for the new jail section wouldn"t be until Friday. She gave the medicine she brought to a nurse, who she said promised to give the drug to her son "immediately" and would tell him his mother loved him.
About an hour after Guersenzvaig left, Claypole was found hanging in his single cell. What may now remain forever unclear is what role Claypole"s mental health played in the murder — and his suicide.
Klopfenstein said he previously erroneously reported that methamphetamine was found in Claypole"s car. It was actually a prescribed drug, Adderal, used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, he said.
He said based "on overall circumstances," he had been considering an insanity defense for Claypole. Klopfenstein said the young man was under treatment by a psychiatrist, and he wanted that doctor to examine him.
The police reports didn"t indicate investigators "knew a motive" for the fatal stabbing of the taxi driver.
"Who knows what state of mind Mr. Claypole was in … or what happened in the cab," Klopfenstein said. "I have no idea."
Guersenzvaig said detectives confirmed to her that Claypole left a note and said that at some point they will give it to her.
Klopfenstein reiterated his earlier criticism that Claypole wasn"t on suicide watch on the day of his attempt to take his life.
The District Attorney"s Office is wrapping up its investigation of the hanging, just as the jail faces a federal lawsuit over its medical and mental health care conditions, including concerns over a higher than average suicide rate.
The jail staff said Claypole was initially placed under suicide watch but later was taken off.
By late Thursday, May 2, the staff said he was not under the special watch and was housed in a regular, single-man cell. A jail commander said he was not placed in the usual two-man cell for safety reasons because of the severity of his charges and the notoriety of the case, which has received significant news coverage.
Terry Spitz, chief assistant district attorney, said his office"s investigation into Claypole"s attempted suicide is down to a few more witnesses.
The Sheriff"s Office asked the District Attorney"s Office to handle the investigation to assure the public "that an outside agency was looking at it."
Spitz said the results will be forwarded to District Attorney Dean Flippo for his determination about whether more work is needed and how much of it would be publicly disclosed.
One thing the District Attorney"s Office is looking at is what the jail procedures are and "whether they were followed."
Spitz said if criminal charges result, there naturally would be public disclosure of what the investigation turned up. But if it boils down to a personnel investigation, Spitz said, "it would be up to the sheriff to make the call" on public disclosure.
He said victim"s assistance workers were meeting with the families of Claypole and Huerta.
An autopsy on Claypole was to be conducted Thursday or Friday in Monterey County at the request of Santa Clara County officials, he said.
"We"re not expecting a surprise," Spitz said.
Julia Reynolds can be reached at 648-1187 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Larry Parsons can be reached at 646-4379 or email@example.com.


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Important Notice
Arrangement regarding the regional outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Asia
and 11 Special Announcements
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Hong Kong, 12 November 2016 - Dream Cruises, the first-ever Asian luxury cruise line, today celebrated the arrival of its inaugural ship, Genting Dream, to her new home in Hong Kong where she will embark on 3D2N Hong Kong Weekend Getaway cruises departing every Friday and 6D5N Vietnam Exploration Voyages to Da Nang and Ha Long Bay departing every Sunday.
The berthing of Genting Dream also marked the first time a cruise ship of this scale has home-ported in Hong Kong, a distinction which will also be shared with Guangzhou (Nansha).
About a thousand distinguished guests were on hand to witness the historic occasion, including Mr Gregory So Kam-leung, GBS, JP, Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development, Mr Philip Yung Wai-hung, JP, Permanent Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development (Commerce, Industry and Tourism), Ms Cathy Chu Man-ling, JP, Commissioner for Tourism, Dr. Peter Lam Kin-ngok, GBS , Chairman of Hong Kong Tourism Board, Mr Anthony Lau, Executive Director of Hong Kong Tourism Board, and Mr Jeff Bent, Managing Director of Worldwide Cruise Terminals and Mr Li Jianhong, China Merchants Group Chairman.
Guests at today's ceremony were ushered into the ship's extravagant 999-seat Zodiac Theatre for the official launch festivities featuring presentations by Mr So, followed by Tan Sri Lim Kok Thay, Chairman and CEO of Dream Cruises parent company, Genting Hong Kong, and Mr Thatcher Brown, President of Dream Cruises.
After the time-honoured exchange of gifts, guests were treated to an exclusive preview of Dream Cruises' thrilling signature production show inspired by the hull art of Genting Dream, entitled "Voyage of a Lover's Dream". Conceived by pop-art artist Jacky Tsai, this is a tale of love, hope and the overcoming of seemingly impossible boundaries between a mermaid and an astronaut.
Later, Dream Cruises President Thatcher Brown -- who led the dignitaries in toasting the inauguration of Genting Dream with the activation of a giant lotus flower, symbolising the company's close ties and commitment to Asia.
President of Dream Cruises Mr Thatcher Brown said, "As the first-ever Asian luxury cruise line to make Hong Kong its home port year-round, we are deeply committed to helping to further develop the cruise market here. Tourism is vital to the economy of the city and our two itineraries originating from Hong Kong will help boost the industry overall, including for hotels, tour groups, local attractions, restaurants and other merchants. "
"We designed the ship essentially as a floating, luxury, integrated resort, and we are confident that Genting Dream will make her mark as the newest "must-experience" vacation attraction for both local and international guests. Genting Dream will cater to multigenerational families with all inclusive activities, the finest Asian and international dining and unforgettable entertainment, with service that is genuinely Asian at heart and international in spirit," he said.
Following the launch ceremony, guests were able to experience a sumptuous lunch at one of the ship's many fine-dining eateries, and then invited to join a guided tour to explore the ship's array of amazing attractions and amenities, including the extensive Dream Palace facilities, Zouk Beach Club, Waterslide Park, Crystal Life Fitness and Spa, "Bistro" by Mark Best, JOHNNIE WALKER HOUSE and Little Pandas Club.
Later in the evening, Genting Dream wowed Hong Kong onlookers with "I love Hong Kong" emblazoned across her decks in a kaleidoscopic display of her state-of-the-art LED lighting system, which sets a new bar for cruise lines, mesmerising spectators with a dazzling symphony of colour.
For more information about Dream Cruises, please visit dreamcruiseline.com,and follow us on Facebook, Weibo and Wexin.
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#DreamCruises #GentingDream #DreamJourneyBegins #星梦邮轮云顶梦号首航日#
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Publicador de Conteúdos e Mídias
World's Largest Concrete Boom Pump Reaches Success on Historic Project
World's Largest Concrete Boom Pump Reaches Success on Historic Project
Associated Concrete Pumping debuts Putzmeister 70Z-Meter boom pump on San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge project
After a three-week trek by ship and 8,635 nautical miles, Associated Concrete Pumping's (Associated) Putzmeister 70Z-Meter, the world's largest truck-mounted concrete boom pump, arrived in San Diego harbor from Aichtal, Germany. Soon after its arrival, the "Juggernaut" as the pump is often referred to, took concrete placement to the extreme on the Oakland Touchdown (OTD) – Phase 1 section of the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge project, helping to place 2,600 cubic yards of concrete (1,988m3), along with Associated's 63Z- and 46-Meter boom pumps.
In 1989, a section of the East Span of the Bay Bridge was damaged during the 6.9 magnitude Loma Prieta earthquake. Following the earthquake, extensive studies were undertaken to determine whether California's largest bridges were seismically safe. It was determined the entire Bay Bridge required a seismic retrofit, ultimately reinforcing and rebuilding each section of the bridge.
Work on the seismic retrofit of the bridge began in 2001, and in August 2008, MCM Construction (MCM), the general contractor on the OTD - Phase 1 section of the project, arrived on site and work quickly began.
Two phases comprise the OTD section. The first phase includes construction of approximately 1,000 feet (305m) of the westbound approach roadway, from the toll plaza to the Skyway, as well as approximately 500 feet (152m) of the structure for the eastbound roadway. The second phase includes finishing construction of the roadways.
"Once complete, the Oakland Touchdown will connect Interstate 80 in Oakland to the two new side-by-side roadway decks of the new East Span," comments Bart Ney, State of California Department of Transportation's (CalTrans) public information officer. "A new electrical substation will be built in addition to extensive relocation of underground utilities.
"For westbound drivers on Interstate 80, the Oakland Touchdown will be an introduction to the new East Span of the Bay Bridge, and for the eastbound drivers from San Francisco, it will guide them from the Skyway to the East Bay."
In addition to the OTD, six other sections of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge are undergoing seismic retrofits, making the project the largest public works contract for CalTrans, the owner/developer of the project. The other six sections include the West Approach, West Span, Yerba Buena Island Transition Structure, SAS span, Skyway and East Span Demolition.
A "Juggernaut" of a Job
According to Greg Allen, project manager for MCM, everything about the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge project is super-sized, including the OTD's foundations, the design of the bridge itself, and the 70Z-Meter concrete pump.
"The foundations are six feet (2m) in diameter, 170 feet (52m) long and three-and-a-half inches thick (89mm)," says Allen. "And the design of the bridge superstructure features a sloped soffit combined with deck cross falls which created challenging geometry control. To provide easier access for the boom pumps and other construction equipment on this project, a trestle was built between the eastbound and westbound roadways.
In addition, the eastbound and westbound roadways are both 40-feet (12m) high by 80-feet (24m) wide. The job required boom pumps that provided exceptional reach to pump and place the concrete for the stem and soffit sections of the OTD precisely where it needed to be.
"We chose Associated because of their notable reputation within the concrete construction industry and the capabilities of their wide range of innovative equipment," comments Allen. "Given the size of the bridge and the other job site obstacles, we were looking forward to seeing how the world's largest truck-mounted concrete boom pump would fare on this site."
"What better way to initiate the 70Z manufacturing feat than have it pump and place concrete for a historic project like the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge?" asks Mike Parigini, owner of Associated and the first 70Z boom pump. During the design phase of the unit, Parigini was instrumental in providing useful customer feedback and input to Putzmeister.
The 70Z, along with Associated's 63Z- and 46-Meter were on site for the 10-hour concrete pour for the OTD westbound roadway's stems and soffits in January 2009. Although the 70Z has been on other jobs since arriving on U.S. soil, the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge was the first big project that showcased its impressive technological features.
"We were definitely impressed all around with the performance of the 70Z on this pour, especially in terms of its reach and pumping capacity capabilities," notes Allen.
"With the 70Z's five-section Z-Fold boom, it's all about its flexible 227-foot four-inch (69.3m) vertical and 212-foot 11-inch (64.9m) horizontal reach, and being able to get where you don't have to drag any hose," says Parigini. "We can deploy the boom in either a 'Z' position or an 'A'-frame configuration. Concrete is very heavy, so to move it anywhere at any speed without using a lot of labor is a huge time and cost saver for all involved with the project. The unit's 10 axles come off the ground to steady its 176,000-pound (79,832kg) weight."
"The combination of its reach and up to 210 cubic yards per hour (160m3/hr) of volume output at 1,233 psi (bar), the 70Z was able to pump and place a large amount of the total 2,600 cubic yards (1,988m³) of concrete for this pour without having to move to different locations on site, which would have increased the amount of time the pour would have taken," adds Allen.
"The 70Z features a modular bolt-on flatpack and Putzmeister's exclusive free flow hydraulics which ensured continuous smooth pumping and a consistent concrete flow for this pour," notes Parigini.
Parigini continues, "One of the biggest misconceptions about a boom pump of this size is that it's not easily maneuverable on job sites, but really, it is. The 70Z has a 59-foot (18m) outside turning radius which allowed us to easily navigate the unit around the restrictive job site."
The unit was also designed to pass California's strict "purple permit" weight requirements, which makes it fully licensed for the road.
"With the 70Z cleared to hit the road, we don't have to worry about not being able to use the pump in only certain jurisdictions," comments Parigini.
"Our five-section 63Z-Meter and 46-Meter teamed up with the 70Z to get the job done," notes Parigini. "The 63Z's Z-Fold boom 203-foot nine-inch (62.10m) vertical reach and 190-foot seven-inch (58.09m) horizontal reach helped tremendously to keep the job moving smoothly, along with its up to 260 cubic yards per hour (200m³/hr) volume output. The 46-Meter's horizontal reach is 136 feet two inches (41.50m), and its vertical reach is 148 feet four inches (45.20m).
The 63Z was on site previously to the January 19th pour pumping and placing concrete for the OTD – Phase 1 section.
According to Parigini, both the 70Z and 63Z-Meter concrete pumps feature Putzmeister's Ergonic® system which allowed his operators to set parameters that control the boom, the pump and a variety of operational functions on the OTD project site. The system is easily accessible in the Modular Control Box (MCB) on the units.
"This technology includes the Ergonic Pump System," explains Parigini. "This optimizes the pump and other functions and Ergonic Output Control, which reduces fuel consumption, wear, noise and adjusts the engine speed to the delivery rate. In addition, Ergonic Boom Control controls the boom, and Ergonic Tele Service can be used in case remote diagnosis is needed for fault codes. There is also an Ergonic Graphic Display, a three-inch square LCD screen on the MCB that indicates the unit's hydraulic fluid temperature, operating hours, delivery pressure/delivery pressure limit and delivery rate/delivery rate limit."
In addition to the super-sized characteristics of this project, the concrete mix that was pumped and placed by all three concrete pumps was unique as well. "The concrete mix was a low-shrinkage design with a high strength at 43 Mpa at 7 days," says Ney.
The 70Z, 63Z and 46-Meter will be on and off the OTD section of the project for miscellaneous concrete needs. The OTD project is slated for completion in May 2010.
To learn more about the 70Z-Meter boom pump, check out the new Putzmeister 70Z-Meter DVD on YouTube at: http://www.youtube.com/PutzmeisterAmerica.
The 70Z's 10 axles come off the ground to steady its 176,000-pound (79,832kg) weight.
Together, Associated's 70Z-, 63Z- and 46-Meter pumped and placed 2,600 cubic yards (1,988m3), of concrete for the OTD – Phase 1 soffits and stems in 10 hours.
All three concrete pumps boasted impressive horizontal and vertical reaches as well as volume output capacity on site.
Associated's 63Z- (in foreground) and 70Z (in background) both feature Putzmeister's exclusive Ergonic® technology.
The 70Z has a 59-foot (18m) outside turning radius which allowed Associated to easily navigate the unit around the restrictive OTD job site.
The eastbound and westbound roadways of the OTD are both 40-feet (12m) high by 80-feet (24m) wide, so the job required boom pumps that provided exceptional reach to pump and place the concrete for the stem and soffit sections of the OTD precisely where it needed to be.
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- World's Largest Concrete Boom Pump Reaches Success on Historic Project
- The Grand Pour
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- Ponte Tacoma Narrows, Seattle, Washington, EUA
- An Amazonian City


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Creator of the first synthetic life at it again-Craig Venter's new longevity startup will make "100 the new 60"
Craig Venter, the U.S. scientist who raced the U.S. government to map the human genome over a decade ago and created synthetic life in 2010, is now on a quest to treat age-related disease. Venter, 67, has teamed up with stem cell pioneer Dr. Robert Hariri and X Prize Foundation founder Dr. Peter Diamandis to form Human Longevity Inc, a company that will use both genomics and stem cell therapies to find treatments that allow aging adults to stay healthy and functional for as long as possible. "We're creating the largest data set of its kind, ever," Venter said in an interview in his offices at the J. Craig Venter Institute in La Jolla, California, where he and his co-founders gathered after announcing the new venture on Tuesday. Venter said the hope is to make new discoveries that promote longevity and help prevent diseases that accompany aging. The startup company has $70 million in private backing and has already purchased two ultrafast HiSeq X Ten gene sequencing systems from Illumina Inc, a leading manufacturer of DNA sequencing machines, with the option to buy three more. The company will use that technology to map 40,000 human genomes a year in a push to build the world's largest database of human genetic variation. The database will include sequences from the very young through the very old, both diseased and healthy. Dr. Eric Topol, Scripps Health chief academic officer and director of the Scripps Translational Science Institute, called the venture "a big, audacious initiative and just the kind we need to make substantive progress in the field." Venter's push into longevity follows the formation in September of biotechnology company Calico, which is backed by Google Inc. "Undoubtedly, important biologic discoveries will be made along the way, but it remains unclear whether such efforts like Human Longevity Inc and Calico can influence longevity," Topol said. Diamandis, a serial entrepreneur and the company's vice chairman, acknowledged that the quest for longevity has been taken up by many, going as far back as 1513 with Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon's search for the fountain of youth. What makes the timing of the new venture compelling, he said, is that it comes in a period of "rapid, exponential growth" for a host of new technologies. He cited dramatic declines in the cost of genome sequencing, explosive growth in bandwidth, and the advent of cloud computing and machine learning technologies, all of which will be needed to make use of the vast amounts of data the group intends to collect. In addition to gathering whole genome sequences, the company will gather genetic data on the trillions of microbes – including bacteria, viruses and fungi – living in and on humans. By better understanding the microbiomes in the gut, in the mouth, on the skin and other sites on the body, the company said it hopes to develop better probiotics as well as better diagnostics and drugs to improve health and wellness. Along with the microbiome data, Human Longevity Inc or HLI will collect data on the metabolome – the various metabolites, biochemicals and fats in the body – in order to get a better picture of the circulating chemicals that contribute to health and affect how drugs work. The company's initial treatment targets will be some of the toughest age-related diseases: cancer, diabetes and obesity, heart and liver diseases, and dementia. Venter said the company will start first with cancer. It has teamed up with the Moores Cancer Center at the University of California, San Diego, with the goal of sequencing the genomes of everyone who comes there for treatment, currently about 4,000 to 5,000 patients a year, as well as doing a full genome sequence on their tumors. "Cancer is one of the most actionable areas right now with genomic-based therapies," Venter said, adding that cancer is just the starting point. "We're not just focusing on disease," he said. Rather, he sees the database has a means of getting concrete answers to the question of nature versus nurture. "From your genome, we will know everything about who your ancestors were genetically, what you got from them, your type of memory, your type of fundamental metabolism, even whether you are an optimist or a pessimist," he said.
"A lot of these things are genetic traits that aren't just nice things to know. They are also predictive of medical outcomes."
But the venture is not just a science experiment. Venter envisions the database the company builds will be attractive to a host of potential clients, ranging from researchers and drug companies to insurance companies.
Although he declined to name any potential drug company partners, Venter said already there have been "lots of interested parties talking to us."
In addition to UCSD, the company has established strategic collaborations with privately held Metabolon Inc of North Carolina, a company that focuses on biochemical profiling, as well as his own J. Craig Venter Institute, a nonprofit genomics research institute.
Venter said the first round of funding should last about 18 months. Initial backers include K.T. Lim, chief executive of Malaysian multinational Genting Corp, and Illumina.
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NEW YORK (AP) — The prospect of chilly temperatures in the Northeast gave the price of oil a boost Monday.
Benchmark oil rose 58 cents to finish at $94.15 per barrel in New York. Heating oil futures rose. 5.4 cents to end at $3.06 a gallon.
Recently temperatures have been above normal in the Northeast, but now are expected to drop through this weekend and into next week. Just 6 percent of the nation's households use heating oil, but they tend to be in some of the coldest parts of the country, mainly in the Northeast.
The last time crude closed above $94 in New York was Sept. 18.
After rising more than 1 percent on Jan. 2 following a deal in Washington to extend tax cuts for most Americans and postpone drastic spending cuts, oil has had few catalysts to move in any direction. Economic news has been mixed and global supplies appear to be ample, with no major disruptions to production in oil-producing nations.
Traders will weigh some fresh reports this week on the U.S. economy. Jim Ritterbusch, president of energy consultancy Ritterbusch and Associates, wrote in a note to clients that oil could move higher this week if data on U.S. industrial production, housing starts and other indicators show the economy is getting stronger.
With oil prices holding fairly steady, U.S. drivers could reliably gauge their costs at the pump in the year's first two weeks. The national average Monday was about $3.30 a gallon, up just a penny since Jan. 1.
Brent crude, used to price international varieties of oil, gained $1.24 to finish at $111.88 per barrel on the ICE Futures exchange in London.
In other energy futures trading on the Nymex:
— Wholesale gasoline rose 1 cent to end at $2.75 a gallon.
— Natural gas rose 4.6 cents to finish at $3.37 per 1,000 cubic feet, continuing a rally from late last week.
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0.35 Micron Modular CMOS Technology For Fast Optical Applications
XO035 is X-FAB's specialized process for optoelectronic and high speed RF applications. It is especially suited for applications needing sensitive high bandwidth photo diodes arrays or CMOS image sensors for such applications as optical data storage, optical data communication or high dynamic range cameras.
In addition to the single poly, triple metal 0.35-micron drawn gate length process for digital applications, process modules are available for five volt drain-source and isolated transistors, double-poly and MIM capacitor and high resistance poly resistors.
Special opto-process modules allow an optimised PIN cathode implantation, optical window etching and dedicated ARC layer deposition.
Available Modules
- Standard MOS Module (1P3M)
- Mid Gate Oxide (5V) Module
- Isolated MOS Module
- MIM Capacitor Module
- Polysilicon 2 Module
- High Resistivity Polysilicon Module
- Optical Module
- PIN diode Module
- Metal 4 Module


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The Canyon Endurace endurance bike.
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Questions about Aquatic - WY6617TO-WH
The plumbing professionals at East Lawn Supply are available to assist you with your selection of Aquatic products.
East Lawn Supply is proud to present this white finished free standing soaking tub, by Aquatic. The WY6617TO-WH is made from premium materials, this Free Standing Soaking Tub offers great function and value for your home. This fixture is part of Aquatic's decorative Serenity Collection, so make sure to check out other styles of fixtures to accessorize your room.
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Despite the mythology around the idea of the lone genius, the famous partnership of John Lennon and Paul McCartney demonstrates the brilliance of working in pairs.
In the fall of 1966, during a stretch of nine weeks away from the Beatles, John Lennon wrote a song. He was in rural Spain at the time, on the set of a movie called How I Won the War, but the lyrics cast back to an icon of his boyhood in Liverpool: the Strawberry Field children's home, whose sprawling grounds he'd often explored with his gang and visited with his Aunt Mimi. In late November, the Beatles began work on the song at EMI Studios, on Abbey Road in London. After four weeks and scores of session hours, the band had a final cut of "Strawberry Fields Forever." That was December 22.
On December 29, Paul McCartney brought in a song that took listeners back to another icon of Liverpool: Penny Lane, a traffic roundabout and popular meeting spot near his home. This sort of call-and-response was no anomaly. He and John, Paul said later, had a habit of "answering" each other's songs. "He'd write 'Strawberry Fields,' " Paul explained. "I'd go away and write 'Penny Lane' … to compete with each other. But it was very friendly competition."
It's a famous anecdote. Paul, of course, was stressing the collaborative nature of his partnership with John (he went on to note that their competition made them "better and better all the time"). But in this vignette, as in so many from the Beatles years, it's easy to get distracted by the idea of John and Paul composing independently. The notion that the two need to be understood as individual creators, in fact, has become the contemporary "smart" take on them. "Although most of the songs on any given Beatles album are usually credited to the Lennon-McCartney songwriting team," Wikipedia declares, "that description is often misleading." Entries on the site about individual Beatles songs take care to assert their "true" author. Even the superb rock critic Greg Kot once succumbed to this folly. John and Paul "shared songwriting credits but little else," he wrote in 1990, "and their 'partnership' was more of a competition than a collaboration."
Kot made that observation in a review of Beatlesongs, by William J. Dowlding—a high-water mark of absurdity in the analysis of Lennon-McCartney. Dowlding actually tried to quantify their distinct contributions, giving 84.55 credits to John—"the winner," he declared—and 73.65 to Paul. (His tally also included 22.15 credits for George Harrison, 2.7 for Ringo Starr, and 0.45 for Yoko Ono. For a few lines in the song "Julia," Dowlding gave 0.05 credits to the Lebanese poet Kahlil Gibran.)
For centuries, the myth of the lone genius has towered over us, its shadow obscuring the way creative work really gets done. The attempts to pick apart the Lennon-McCartney partnership reveal just how misleading that myth can be, because John and Paul were so obviously more creative as a pair than as individuals, even if at times they appeared to work in opposition to each other. The lone-genius myth prevents us from grappling with a series of paradoxes about creative pairs: that distance doesn't impede intimacy, and is often a crucial ingredient of it; that competition and collaboration are often entwined. Only when we explore this terrain can we grasp how such pairs as Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, William and Dorothy Wordsworth, and Martin Luther King Jr. and Ralph Abernathy all managed to do such creative work. The essence of their achievements, it turns out, was relational. If that seems far-fetched, it's because our cultural obsession with the individual has obscured the power of the creative pair.
John and Paul epitomize this power. Geoff Emerick—who served as the principal engineer for EMI on Revolver, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, some of The White Album, and Abbey Road—recognized from the outset that the two formed a single creative being. "Even from the earliest days," he wrote in his memoir, Here, There and Everywhere, "I always felt that the artist was John Lennon and Paul McCartney, not the Beatles."
One reason it's so tempting to try to cleave John and Paul apart is that the distinctions between them were so stark. Observing the pair through the control-room glass at Abbey Road's Studio Two, Emerick was fascinated by their odd-couple quality:
Paul was meticulous and organized: he always carried a notebook around with him, in which he methodically wrote down lyrics and chord changes in his neat handwriting. In contrast, John seemed to live in chaos: he was constantly searching for scraps of paper that he'd hurriedly scribbled ideas on. Paul was a natural communicator; John couldn't articulate his ideas well. Paul was the diplomat; John was the agitator. Paul was soft-spoken and almost unfailingly polite; John could be a right loudmouth and quite rude. Paul was willing to put in long hours to get a part right; John was impatient, always ready to move on to the next thing. Paul usually knew exactly what he wanted and would often take offense at criticism; John was much more thick-skinned and was open to hearing what others had to say. In fact, unless he felt especially strongly about something, he was usually amenable to change.
The diplomat and the agitator. The neatnik and the whirling dervish. Spending time with Paul and John, one couldn't help but be struck by these sorts of differences. "John needed Paul's attention to detail and persistence," Cynthia Lennon, John's first wife, said. "Paul needed John's anarchic, lateral thinking."
Paul and John seemed to be almost archetypal embodiments of order and disorder. The ancient Greeks gave form to these two sides of human nature in Apollo, who stood for the rational and the self-disciplined, and Dionysus, who represented the spontaneous and the emotional. Friedrich Nietzsche proposed that the interaction of the Apollonian and the Dionysian was the foundation of creative work, and modern creativity research has confirmed this insight, revealing the key relationship between breaking and making, challenging and refining, disrupting and organizing.
John was the iconoclast. In early live shows, he would fall into the background, let Paul charm the audience, and then twist up his face, adopt a hunchback pose, and play dissonant chords. Sometimes, he deliberately kept his guitar slightly out of tune, which contributed to what the composer Richard Danielpour calls "that raw, raunchy sound." He was difficult with the press, at times even impossible. In the studio, he clamored constantly to do things differently. He wanted to be hung from the ceiling and swung around the mic. He wanted to be recorded from behind.
While John broke form, Paul looked to make it. He was the band's de facto musical director in the studio and, outside, its relentless champion. "Anything you promote, there's a game that you either play or you don't play," he said. "I decided very early on that I was very ambitious and I wanted to play." Among the Beatles, he said, he was the one who would "sit the press down and say, 'Hello, how are you? Do you want a drink?,' and make them comfortable."
Distinctions are a good way to introduce ourselves to a creative pair. But what matters is how the parts come together. So it's not right to focus on how John insulted reporters while Paul charmed them. John was able to insult reporters because Paul charmed them. Their music emerged in a similar way, with single strands twisting into a mutually strengthening double helix.
The work John initiated tended to be sour and weary, whereas Paul's tended to the bright and naive. The magic came from interaction. Consider the home demo for "Help!"—an emotionally raw, aggressively confessional song John wrote while in the throes of the sort of depression that he said made him want "to jump out the window, you know." The original had a slow, plain piano tune, and feels like the moan of the blues. When Paul heard it, he suggested a countermelody, a lighthearted harmony to be sung behind the principal lyric—and this fundamentally changed its nature. It's not incidental that in the lyrics John pleaded for "somebody … not just anybody." He knew he was at risk of floating away, and Paul helped put his feet back on the ground.
And John knocked Paul off his, snorting at his bromides (as with Paul's original "She was just seventeen / Never been a beauty queen") and batting against his sweet, optimistic lyrics, as in the song "Getting Better." "I was sitting there doing 'Getting better all the time,' " Paul remembered, "and John just said, in his laconic way, 'It couldn't get no worse.' And I thought, Oh, brilliant! This is exactly why I love writing with John."
NEXT STORY: Depression and Stress Are Killing Productivity


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What's Newsworthy?
We have great stories to tell—about faculty, students, academic initiatives, institutional innovations, environmental leadership, major events and plenty more. Many have the potential to be featured in the media; the key is to identify which stories are most newsworthy—and when.
Some things to consider when determining the "news value" of an idea:
- Have you seen similar stories on the topic in the past?
- Bear in mind the "So What?" factor: Who is the audience? Why should they care?
- Is there a particular reporter who covers this topic regularly?
- Does your idea have broad appeal, or is it more suited to a smaller, more focused audience?
- Do you have facts and statistics to support your idea? Are they simple to state (and understand)?


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Sloppy Joe Nachos Recipe
My one regret in this recipe is that it took me so long to create it.
As a kid, Sloppy Joes were my go-to birthday meal request. There's something undeniably comfort foody about the squishy warm sandwiches. But what if you poured that Sloppy Joe meat mixture all over nachos? Super Bowl food at its best.
While there's a pop of cayenne powder in this spiced-up version of Sloppy Joes, I pair it with Trader Joe's queso dip, which also has a kick of heat. You can also use melted cheese in lieu of queso.
- Yield:6 to 8
- Active time: 20 minutes
- Total time:30 minutes
- 1 teaspoon canola oil
- 1 pound ground beef
- 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt
- 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper
- 1/2 cup ketchup
- 2 tablespoons yellow mustard
- 2 tablespoons brown sugar
- 1 jar queso dip
- 1 (16-ounce) bag of tortilla chips
In medium sauté pan, warm canola oil over medium-high heat. Add ground beef, salt and pepper to pan, stirring every couple minutes to break up meat. Sauté meat until fully cooked, 6 to 7 minutes. Remove pan from heat. Push the cooked ground meat to one side of the pan, and use a spoon to remove and discard a majority of the fat from beef. Stir ketchup, mustard, brown sugar and cayenne powder into the ground beef, and warm the meat over medium-high heat for just a couple minutes until beef is combined with sauce.
Pour queso dip into a microwave-safe dish, and heat in microwave until warm. Layer a plate with the tortilla chips, pouring warm sloppy joe mix over the chips. When queso dip is heated, drizzle over chips, and serve.
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About this download
This program will update VAIO Care to version 126.96.36.19920 and will have the followings:
- Provide VAIO Care Diagnostic 8.0 features to Windows 7
- GURU Features to Windows 7
- VAIO Status Check Improvement / Battery Diagnostics
- Integrate third party anti-malware with upsell
- Improve touch support
- VAIO model, serial, service tag on every page
- Utilize Sony Original Troubleshooters globally
- Show MAC address in VAIO Status report
- Offer Relative State of Charge battery graphs
- Only show ODD diagnostics for supported drives
- Save and display old VAIO Care status reports
- Add a link to the VAIO Data Restore tool
- Add BluRay disc support
- Provide Seagate HDD Diagnostics to Windows 8
Available Download:
VAIO Care Update version 22.214.171.12420
File name: EP0000280235.exe
File size: 163 MB (171,048,960 bytes)
File Info
File Name
- VAIO Care Update version 188.8.131.5220
File Version
- 220.127.116.1120
File Size
Release Date
- 2012-11-16
System Requirements
- Windows 8 32bit
- Windows 8 64bit
1. Download the file to a temporary or download directory (Please note this directory for reference later).
2. Go to the directory where the file was downloaded and double-click EP0000280235.exe.
3. Follow the instructions displayed in the installation wizard.
4. After installation is completed, please restart the computer.
To check if installation is successful:
1. Go to C:\ProgramFiles%\Sony\VAIO Care\Version.txt
2. Version should indicate 220.127.116.1120.


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High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents - American Family Physician
Oct 15, 2018 - High blood pressure in children and adolescents is a growing health problem that is often overlooked. Children should be screened for elevated blood pressure annually beginning at three years of age or at every visit if risk factors are present. In children younger than 13 years, ...
American Family Physician : Article
Otitis Media: Rapid Evidence Review - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2019 - Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common diagnosis in childhood acute sick visits. By three years of age, 50% to 85% of children will have at least one episode of AOM. Symptoms may include ear pain (rubbing, tugging, or holding the ear may be a sign of pain), fever, irritability, ...
American Family Physician : Article
Right Care for Children: Top Five Do's and Don'ts - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2019 - Underuse and overuse of medical interventions, failure to use interventions known to be effective, and provision of tests or interventions in which benefits do not exceed harms are types of low-value care. The Lown Institute's Right Care Alliance Children's Health Council identified ...
American Family Physician : Article
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The first time I used this recipe, it was to make a cake. At eight months pregnant, I had torn out a page from Better Homes and Gardens at my OB's office during one of my three hour very-much-worth-it-waits (for what I have to believe is the best doctor living here on Earth). The recipe was titled "Quick Chocolate Cake" and it said prep time was 5 minutes, bake time was 35. Done! Sounds wonderful. Let's rip this guy out and stuff it in my bag while no one's looking. Months later I came across the recipe and decided to try it. What did I have to lose? About 40 minutes and some basic pantry ingredients? And this was no loss. This was a find. A gem. A keeper. And what's more...I realized after the fact that it's vegan. That's right. Don't be dismayed. If you're skeptical or turned off right now, forget I mentioned it. If you need something to bring to your weirdo vegan friends' pot luck...you've come to the right place. Now, of course, let's be honest...I slathered fresh vanilla buttercream frosting all over the poor vegan cake. But you don't have to and the cupcakes will still be good. Promise.
The cake was a hit around the house with the husband, in-laws, etc. and I decided to use it for cupcakes. They were perfection. I made a batch of giant "we-have-no-shame" ones and a batch of smaller, more respectable ones. Both turned out beautifully. Serve with either the frosting of your choice or freshly whipped cream. Yum.
3 cups all purpose flour
2 cups sugar
2 cups cold water
2/3 vegetable oil
1/2 cup unsweetened cocoa powder (I like Rapunzel)
2 teaspoons baking soda
2 teaspoons white vinegar (wha?)
1 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon vanilla
Heat oven to 350 degrees.
In a large mixing bowl, combine all the ingredients. Beat with an electric mixer on medium to high speed until well combined.
Pour batter into a greased muffin tin. For large cupcakes, bake 25-30 minutes. For small cupcakes, bake 20-25 minutes.
Serve frosted or with freshly whipped cream.
Makes 12 large or 24 small cupcakes.
From Better Homes and Gardens July 2009.


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Do you know what hurts so very much? It's love. Love is the strongest force in the world, and when it is blocked that means pain. There are two things we can do when this happens. We can kill that love so that it stops hurting. But then of course part of us dies, too. Or we can ask God to open up another route for that love to travel." – Corrie Ten Boom
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Do you know what hurts so very much?
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The loss drops TSU's overall record to 12-10 and 6-3 in conference play. The Tigers have also lost their last three contests.
Miller finished the game with a team-high 19 points on 5-of-10 shooting and a 9-for-10 line from the charity stripe.
Kellen Thornton and Jordan Cyphers also had good games for TSU dropping 18 and 15 points, respectively.
TSU shot 50 percent from the field (22-of-44) but just couldn't overcome Morehead State's 87.5 mark from the free throw line (28-of-32).
Tennessee State won the tip and started the game on a 6-0 run thanks to buckets by Miller, Thornton and Cyphers within the opening minute-and-a-half.
The trio accounted for 85 percent of the team's first half points (35-of-41).
TSU eventually raised its lead to 11-4 when Miller canned a pair of free throws. Miller's trip to the line was caused by MSU's seventh team foul that occurred with over 16 minutes left in the first period.
TSU made 11 of its 15 free throw attempts during the first 20 minutes for a 73.3 percent conversion rate.
Morehead State (11-11, 5-3 OVC) only fouled the Tigers three more times the remainder of the half, allowing the Eagles to get back into the game.
After Miller's makes at the charity stripe, MSU used a 19-10 swing to take a two-point lead with nine minutes left in the opening stanza. The sudden change in fortune caused TSU head coach Travis Williams to use his first timeout.
From there, the sides swapped the lead six times, but Miller was finally able to break the spell with a jumper from inside the lane with only four seconds remaining until halftime. Miller buried the shot, letting TSU carry a 41-39 advantage heading into the locker room.
The Eagles started the second half strong, and quickly made the score 47-41 in their favor. Two turnovers and two Tiger fouls allowed the MSU hot start.
Thornton finally ended the Morehead State streak with a layup at the 17 minute mark and M.J. Rhett threw down a dunk on TSU's next possession. The flushes from the TSU forwards were part of a 10-2 Tiger run that gave them a 51-49 lead.
Rhett finsihed with seven boards, leading the team for the seventh time this season.
The game remained tight from that point with five ties and four lead changes. However, MSU never trailed once Bakari Turner nailed a three at the 4:18 mark.
During the game's last four minutes TSU had three turnovers, eight fouls and zero made field goals (0-of-5). TSU's play down the stretch allowed the Eagles to finish the game on a 19-9 run.
TSU lost the battle of the boards, 29-25, and had six more turnovers (17) than the Eagles (11). Those numbers led to 41 MSU points on second chance hoops and points off of turnovers.
TSU will return home on Jan. 31 to take on Tennessee Tech. Tip-off is scheduled for 7 p.m. and the matchup will be broadcast on the OVC Digital Network.
--TSU Tigers--


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Being an office full of PR girls, we're always curious about how our male counterparts spend their days. We invited our good friend, Shawn Rusich, up to the fourth floor to spill the beans on what a day in the life of a gentleman food blogger/PR guru looks like (it looks pretty good).
It All Starts With Butter is a lifestyle blog that focuses on food-related topics, a long-time passion of mine. I created it as a hobby (and an outlet from my public relations career) where I could freely offer my opinion to those like-minded. I have also started contributing to The Affluent Journal, which adds fashion, technology and beauty to my repertoire.
Here is what a typical day looks like, including my favourite Toronto spots:
No morning starts without my French press. When I wake up, I freshly grind the coffee and prepare my Bodum. Having already checked my iPhone calendar in bed, I am now replying to any time-sensitive emails for the day.
I edit blog posts from the night before one last time to make sure they are perfect. Then I tweet about the day's events. A "good morning" tweet to the lovely girls at rock-it is, of course, part of that.
I receive an email from Hamilton Beach asking me if I would like to do a reader giveaway on my blog. This immediately reminds me of last month's Le Creuset giveaway, and how I need to follow up with the winner to see if she has received it. She has. I adore Le Creuset.
I have an 11 a.m. with my favourite client at Crafted by Te-Aro to discuss the look and feel of his new packaging. He says it is too green but I disagree. We settle in the middle anyway.
Now it is lunchtime with my best gal at La Palette's new location on Queen West. We brainstorm, strategize and eat. Then we eat some more. Our conversation reminds me that I need to meet with the rest of The Affluent Journal team ASAP.
I quickly leave the restaurant and am off to the gym. I try to regularly plan a workout with my trainer Candice at Totum but she has to cancel today – sigh.
Once I finish up at the gym, I head to my loft to send out some client documents. Hit send. Now I have to rush to get ready for tonight. Quick shower. I am looking a bit rundown. Enter Nanoblur. Thank goodness this stuff really does work!
I am nearly late arriving at The Thompson Toronto Rooftop to drop off some print approvals to a client, who is there for an after-work cocktail as per my recommendation. I wish I could stay, but have a prior engagement at The Drake Hotel. Tonight is their annual Garden Party and I cannot miss out!
The evening winds down, but not before a quick stop at my favourite local, The House on Parliament. A pint of Waupoos with friends always helps after a stressful day.
I later head home and entertain the idea of watching a movie, but alas two more blog posts need to be written, a press release and an article for an upcoming issue of Saveur.
On the agenda tomorrow is dinner at Nota Bene, one of my top 10 restaurants. One o'clock rolls around. I have fallen asleep. Laptop perched on my lap. Sigh. Another exciting early morning awaits tomorrow.
Website: http://www.itallstartswithbutter.com/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/itallstartswithbutter
Twitter: www.twitter.com/Shawn_Rusich
Email: email@example.com


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Cheese and mushroom casserole with chicken
This casserole is simple and delicious, and makes a perfect snack during a picnic (bento anyone?)—you should use it as a basic idea for a casserole, since the pasta sauce is the stable and the most important piece of the meal. It's also a very tweak-able recipe! :-)
German Zimtsterne (cinnamon almond cookies)
I always wanted to make these, and finally got the guts — oh boy, I wasn't really prepared for the amount of nitty-gritty with making these. I started with original German recipe that called for 500g of almonds, but that ended up being 2 full baking sheets and lots of sneaky snacking between steps ;-) But the result is good, and these cookies are worth the effort.
Teriyaki salmon bento
I think life is too short to keep the frozen salmon in the fridge! :-) So I made a teriyaki salmon bento, which was so fast to cook, that I had too much idle time in the morning... Just be careful not to overcook the teriyaki sauce, because it may have a burnt taste. Also, optional lotus root slices will keep the fish tender and juicy for the time when you can finally devour every last bit of it ;-)
Sweet Mustard Eggs Bento
I got tired of sausages after yesterday's deluxe bento, so today I decided to have some eggs with lunch. I put some sweet mustard over the cooked yolk to have them pack some punch and they were really interesting!
I prepared also hand-made furikake (rice sprinkles) with ingredients I like, which made my rice extra tasty today!
Deluxe bento idea
This idea mixes the basic sausage bento idea with previously mentioned teriyaki smoked salmon don for a more premium feel of the bento, without adding any more trouble while making the bento.


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WBUR News
Support the news
UMass Memorial Cuts More Jobs
A Massachusetts hospital system has announced that it is either eliminating or reducing hours for almost 100 positions as a way to rein in costs.
UMass Memorial Health Care said in a statement Wednesday that more than 300 positions at the company's Worcester-based operations have been affected since October, 99 this week. The positions are from a number of levels, including vice presidents, directors, managers and clinical staff.
Nearly a third of the 99 positions have been vacant since a hiring freeze was implemented several months ago.
The cuts are part of a plan to offset an operating loss of about $55 million in the 2013 fiscal year.
The system runs five hospitals and a doctors' group and employs about 13,000 people.
Support the news