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J. Vernon McGee Notes and Outlines"By Dr. J. Vernon McGee © Thru the Bible Radio Network,http://www.ttb.org. "
Guide for the Understanding of the Scriptures
The Bible is probably the most maligned Book that ever has been written. It has been attacked as no other book has ever been attacked. Yet it has ministered and does minister to literally millions of people around the globe, and it has been doing this now for several thousand years. A Book of this nature and with this tremendous impact upon the human family certainly deserves the intelligent consideration of men and women. Sir Walter Scott, on his deathbed, asked Lockhart to read to him. Puzzled, as he scanned the shelf of books that Walter Scott had written, he asked, "What book shall I read?" And Sir Walter replied, "Why do you ask that question? There is but one book; bring the Bible."
There is only one Book for any man who is dying, but it is also the Book for any man who is living. A great many folk do not get interested in the Bible until they get to the end of their lives or until they get into a great deal of difficulty. While it is wonderful to have a Book in which you can find comfort in a time like that, it is also a Book for you to live—in the full vigor of life. It is a Book to face life with today, and it's the Book which furnishes the only sure route through this world and on into the next world. It is the only Book that can enable us to meet the emergencies and cushion the shocks that come to us in life.
The Bible is different from any other book. That this Book has influenced great men who, in turn, have influenced the world is evident. Let me share with you some quotations. There was an African prince who came to England and was presented to Her Majesty Queen Victoria. This prince asked a very significant question, "What is the secret of England's greatness?" The queen got a beautifully bound copy of the Bible and presented it to the prince with this statement, "This is the secret of England's greatness." I wonder, friend, if England's decline to a second-rate and then third-rate nation may be tied up in the fact that England has gotten away from the Word of God.
Gladstone, statesman, prime minister, probably one of the greatest legal minds Britain ever produced, said, "Talk about the questions of the day! There is but one question, and that is the Gospel. That can and will correct everything. I am glad to say that about all the men at the top in Great Britain are Christians." That was way back in the 1800s.
Gladstone continued, "I have been in public position fifty-eight years, all but eleven of them in the Cabinet of the British Government, and during those forty-seven years have been associated with sixty of the master minds of the century, and all but five of the sixty were Christians." I personally think that part of the problems we are having in the world today is that we have too few Christians at the top, too few who are acquainted with the Word of God. Michael Faraday, perhaps the greatest scientific experimenter back in the 1800s, said, "But why will people go astray, when they have this blessed book of God to guide them?"
Sir Isaac Newton, a scientist in the preceding century, said, "If the Bible is true, the time is coming when men shall travel at fifty miles an hour." And Voltaire, the French skeptic, commented, "Poor Isaac. He was in his dotage when he made that prophecy. It only shows what Bible study will do to an otherwise scientific mind."
It might be interesting to note what some of our early Presidents had to say about the Bible.
John Adams, our second President, said, "I have examined all that is, all of Scripture as well as my narrow sphere, my straightened means, and my busy life will allow me, and the result is that the Bible is the best book in the world. It contains more of my little philosophy than all the libraries I have seen, and such parts of it I cannot reconcile to my little philosophy I postpone for future investigation."
Then President John Quincy Adams said, "I speak as a man of the world to men of the world; and I say to you: search the Scriptures. The Bible is the book above all other to be read at all ages and in all conditions of human life; not to be read once or twice through and then laid aside, but to be read in small portions every day." And the Presidents back in those days, who made our nation great, did not get us into foreign wars and were able to solve the problems of the streets. Someone may counter, "But the problems weren't as complicated then as they are now." They were for that day, friend.
Not only England but also the United States has gotten away from the Word of God. And the farther we get, the more complicated our problems become. Right now there are men in positions of authority in this land who are saying that there is no solution to our problems. That is the reason I am teaching the Word of God in its entirety— I believe it is the only solution. And, frankly, friend, we had better get back to it.
Another President, Thomas Jefferson, said this about the Bible, "I have always said, and always will say, that the studious perusal of the Sacred Volume will make better citizens, better husbands, and better fathers." This is something to think over today when our citizens are burning down the cities in which they live and when divorce is running rife. It was Daniel Webster who made this statement, "If there be anything in my style or thoughts to be commended, the credit is due to my kind parents for instilling into my mind an early love of the Scriptures."
What about you today, Christian parent? Are you making a Daniel Webster in your home or a little rebel? Webster also made this statement, "I have read it the Bible through many times. I now make a practice of going through it once a year. It is the Book of all others for lawyers as well as divines. I pity the man who cannot find in it a rich supply of thought and rules for conduct."
Born in the East and clothed in Oriental form and imagery, the Bible walks the ways of all the world with familiar feet, and enters land after land to find its own everywhere. It has learned to speak in hundreds of languages to the heart of man. It comes into the palace to tell the monarch that he is a servant of the Most High, and into the cottage to assure the peasant that he is a son of God.
Children listen to its stories with wonder and delight, and wise men ponder them as parables of life. It has a word of peace for the time of peril, a word of comfort for the time of calamity, a word of light for the hour of darkness. Its oracles are repeated in the assembly of the people, and its counsels whispered in the ear of the lonely. The wicked and the proud tremble at its warnings, but to the wounded and the penitent it has a mother's voice.
The wilderness and the solitary place have been made glad by it, and the fire on the hearth has lit the reading of its well-worn pages. It has woven itself into our dearest dreams; so that love, friendship, sympathy and devotion, memory and hope put on the beautiful garments of its treasured speech, breathing of frankincense and myrrh. —Henry van Dyke
In many ways the Bible is a most unusual Book. For instance, it has a dual authorship. In other words, God is the Author of the Bible, and in another sense man is the author of the Bible. Actually, the Bible was written by about forty authors over a period of approximately fifteen hundred years. Some of these men never even heard of the others, and there was no collusion among the forty. Two or three of them could have gotten together, but the others could not have known each other. And yet they have presented a Book that has the most marvelous continuity of any book that has ever been written. Also, it is without error. Each author expressed his own feelings in his own generation. Each had his limitations, and made his mistakes—poor old Moses made mistakes, but when he was writing the Pentateuch, somehow or other no mistakes got in there. You see, it is a human Book and yet it is a God-Book.
It is a very human Book, written by men from all walks of life, prince and pauper, the highly intellectual and the very simple. For example, Dr. Luke writes almost classical Greek in a period when the Koine Greek was popular. His Greek is marvelous! But Simon Peter, the fisherman, wrote some Greek also. His is not so good, but God the Holy Spirit used both of these men. He let them express exactly their thoughts, their feelings, and yet through that method the Spirit of God was able to overrule in such a way that God said exactly what He wanted to say. That's the wonder of the Book, the Bible. It is a God-Book. In the Bible God says twenty-five hundred times, "God said . . . the Lord has said . . . thus saith the Lord," etc. God has made it very clear that He is speaking through this Book.
It is a Book that can communicate life to you. You can even become a child of God, begotten "not by corruptible seed, but by incorruptible, by the Word of God that liveth and abideth forever." It is God's communication to man. And if God spoke out of heaven right now, He would just repeat Himself because He has said all that He wants to say to this generation. And, by the way, He didn't learn anything when He read the morning paper. When man went to the moon, he didn't discover anything that God didn't already know when He gave us the Bible. He is the same God who created this universe that we are in today.
The Bible is both divine and human. In a way it is like my Lord who walked down here and grew weary and sat down at a well. Although He was God, He was man. He talked with people down here and communicated with them. This is a Book that communicates. It speaks to mankind today. The Bible is for men as they are. The Bible is a corridor between two eternities down which walks the Christ of God; His invisible steps echo through the Old Testament, but we meet Him face to face in the throne room of the New; and it is through that Christ alone, crucified for me, that I have found forgiveness for sins and life eternal. The Old Testament is summed up in the word Christ; the New Testament is summed up in the word Jesus; and the summary of the whole Bible is that Jesus is the Christ. —Bishop Pollock
How do you know the Bible is the Word of God? This is a good question, and it should be asked and answered.
1. Preservation—One of the objective proofs, one of the external proofs, has been the marvelous preservation of the Bible. There was a king of old—we read about him in Jeremiah— who, when the Word was sent to him, took a penknife and cut it to pieces. But it was rewritten, and we have that Word today. Down through the centuries there have been a great many Bible burnings. Today there's a great deal of antagonism toward the Bible. In our country today it is not being burned because we think that we are too civilized for such behavior. The way they try to get rid of it is just to outlaw it in our schools and in many other places. (Yet we talk about our freedom of religion and freedom of speech.)
In spite of all the attacks that have been made upon the Bible, it still today exists, and, of course, it's one of the best sellers. For many years it was the best seller, but it's not today. I regret to have to say that, but it is true. And that is certainly a commentary on our contemporary society. It reveals that the Bible is not really occupying the place that it once did in the history and in the life of this nation. Yet, I think the amazing preservation of the Word of God is worthy of consideration.
2. Archaeology—Another way in which we can know the Bible is the Word of God is through archaeology. The spade of the archaeologist has turned up many things that have proven that it is the Word of God. For instance, there were those who for many years denied the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch on the basis that writing was not in existence in Moses' day. You haven't heard anybody advance that theory recently, have you? Well, of course not. For years the spade of the archaeologist has turned up again and again evidence of the validity of the Bible.
The city of Jericho and the walls that fell down is one example. Now there has been some argument between Miss Kathleen Kenyon and John Garstang relative to specifics, but it's well established that the walls fell down, and I'll let them debate about the time and all that sort of thing. The Word of God has been substantiated there, and in many other ways archaeology has demonstrated the accuracy of the Bible. Many of the manuscripts that have been found do that also. It's quite interesting that when the Isaiah scrolls, the Dead Sea scrolls, were found, the liberal leaped at that because he thought he had found an argument that would discredit the Bible. However, the scrolls have not discredited the Bible, and it seems that the liberal has lost a great deal of interest in them. This is a field into which you might do some research, as I cannot go to any great length in this brief study.
3. Fulfilled Prophecy—If I were asked today if I had just one thing to suggest that would be a conclusive proof that the Bible is the Word of God, do you know what I would suggest? I would suggest fulfilled prophecy. Fulfilled prophecy is the one proof that you can't escape, you can't get around. And the Bible is filled with fulfilled prophecy. One-fourth of the Scripture, when it was written, was prophetic; that is, it announced things that were to take place in the future. A great deal of that—in fact, a great deal more than people imagine—has already been fulfilled. We could turn to many places where prophecy has been fulfilled exactly. We find that there were many local situations that were fulfilled even in the day of the prophet.
For example, Micaiah was the prophet who told Ahab that if he went out to battle as he planned, he would lose the battle and would be killed. However, Ahab's false prophets had told him he'd have a victory and would return as a victorious king. Because he didn't like what Micaiah said, Ahab ordered him locked up and fed bread and water, and he would take care of him when he got back. But Micaiah shot back the last word, "If you come back at all, the Lord hasn't spoken by me." Well, evidently the Lord had spoken by him because Ahab didn't come back. He was killed in the battle, and his army was defeated. He had even disguised himself so that there would be no danger of his losing his life. But an enemy soldier, the Scripture says, pulled his bow at a venture; that is, when the battle was about over, he had just one arrow left in his quiver; he put it in place and shot, not really aiming at anything. But, you know, that arrow had old Ahab's name on it, and it found him. It went right to its mark. Why? Because Micaiah had made an accurate prophecy (see kjvKings:22).
On another occasion, the prophet Isaiah said that the invading Assyrian army wouldn't shoot an arrow into the city of Jerusalem (see kjv@2Kings:19:32). Well, now, that's interesting. Micaiah's prophecy was fulfilled because a soldier shot an arrow by chance, pulled his bow at a venture. Wouldn't you think that among two hundred thousand soldiers—that "great host"— perhaps one might be trigger-happy and would pull his bow at a venture and let an arrow fly over the wall of Jerusalem? Well, he didn't. If the enemy had shot an arrow inside that city, they could be sure that Isaiah was not God's prophet. But he was, as was proven by this local fulfillment of his prophecy. But Isaiah also said a virgin would bring forth a child, and that was seven hundred years before it was literally fulfilled. And then, if you want a final proof, there were over three hundred prophecies concerning the first coming of Christ which were all literally fulfilled. As Jesus Christ was hanging there on the cross and dying, there was one prophecy recorded in the Old Testament that had not been fulfilled. It was, "They gave me vinegar to drink" kjv@Psalms:69:21). Jesus said, "I thirst," and the enemy himself went and fulfilled prophecy (see kjv@John:19:2830).
It's a most amazing thing. Men can't guess like that. It has been rather amusing to watch the weatherman. During the summer season in Southern California he does fine, but when we get to the change of seasons—well, your guess is as good as his. In the nation Israel, a prophet had to be accurate. If he was not accurate, he was to be put to death as a false prophet. God told His people that they would be able to distinguish a false prophet from a true prophet. A true prophet must first speak into a local situation, which Isaiah did. When that prophecy came to pass, they would know they could trust him to speak concerning the future, as Isaiah did. We can look back now and know that it was fulfilled. There are so many other prophecies. Tyre and Sidon are over there today exactly as God's Word said twenty-five hundred years ago they would be. Egypt today is in the exact position God said it would be in.
All of these are amazing, friend, and fulfilled prophecy is one of the greatest proofs that the Bible is indeed the Word of God. You see, men just can't be that accurate. Men can't guess like that—even the weatherman misses it. Let me show you that, according to mathematical law of problematical conjecture, man could never, never prophesy. Suppose that right now I would make a prophecy. Just by way of illustration, suppose I'd say that wherever you are it's going to rain tomorrow. I'd have a 50 percent change of being right because it'll do one of the two. For some of you it would probably be accurate. For others it would not. But suppose that I add to that and say it would start raining tomorrow morning at nine o'clock. That would be another uncertain element. I had a fifty-fifty chance of being right at first; now I have a 25 percent chance. Every uncertain element that is added reduces by 50 percent the chance of my being right—the law of problematical conjecture. Now suppose that I not only say that it's going to start raining at nine o'clock, but I also say it'll stop raining at two o'clock. Well, believe me, friend, that has reduced my chances now another 50 percent which brings it down to 12 ½ percent. Can you imagine my chance of being right now? But suppose I add three hundred uncertain elements. There's not a ghost of a chance of being accurate. I just couldn't hit it—it would be impossible. Yet the Word of God hit it, my friend. It is accurate. The Bible has moved into that area of absolute impossibility, and that to me is absolute proof that it is the Word of God. There is nothing to compare to it at all. I have given very few examples of fulfilled prophecy, but there is in the Word of God prophecy after prophecy, and they have been fulfilled—literally fulfilled. And by the way, I would think that that indicates the method in which prophecy for the future is yet to be fulfilled.
4. Transformed Lives
I offer two final reasons as proof that the Bible is the Word of God. One is the transformed lives of believers today. I have seen what the Word of God can do in the lives of men and women. I'm thinking right now of a man in Oakland, California, who listened to my Bible-teaching program. I know this man. I'm not going into detail in his life at all, but he probably had as many problems, as many hang-ups, and he was in as much sin as any man that I know anything about. And this man began to listen to the radio program. I hear of people who just hear the Gospel once and are converted. I think it's possible and that it's wonderful. But this man listened to it week after week, and he became antagonistic. He became angry. Later he said to me, "If I could have gotten to you when you were teaching the Epistle to the Romans and told me that I was a sinner, I would have hit you in the nose," and frankly friend, I think he could have done it. He's much bigger and much younger than I am. I'm glad he couldn't get to me. Finally, this man turned to Christ. May I say to you, it has been wonderful to see what God has done in his life.
Again and again and again this testimony could be multiplied. Young and old have found purpose and fulfillment in life, marriages have been saved, families reunited, individuals have been freed from alcoholism and drug addiction. Folk have had their lives transformed by coming to Christ. Now let me give you a reason. When I finished seminary, I was a preacher who majored in the realm of the defense of the Gospel, and I attempted to defend the Bible. In fact, I think every message I gave entered into that area. I felt if I could just get enough answers to the questions that people have for not believing the Bible that they would believe. But I found out that the worst thing I could do was to whip a man down intellectually. The minute I did that, I made an enemy and never could win him for the Lord. So I moved out of the realm of apologetics and into another area of just giving out the Word of God as simply as I could. Only the Bible can turn a sinner into a saint.
5. Spirit of God Made it Real—Another reason that I've moved out of the realm of apologetics is because there has been a certain development in my own life. I have reached the place today where I not only believe that the Bible is the Word of God, I know it's the Word of God. And I know it's the Word of God because the Spirit of God has made it real to my own heart and my own life. That is the thing that Paul talked to the Colossians about. He prayed that they "might be filled with the knowledge of his will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding." I also want this, because I found out that the Spirit of God can confirm these things to your heart and that you don't need archaeology or anything else to prove that the Bible is God's Word.
A young preacher said to me some time ago, "Dr. McGee, isn't it wonderful that they have discovered this," and he mentioned something in particular. And I said, "Well, I don't see anything to be excited about." He was greatly disappointed and even chagrined that I was so far away from it that I did not respond enthusiastically. "Why, what do you mean?" he asked. "Is it possible that this hasn't impressed you?" Well, I answered him this way, "I already knew it was the Word of God long before the spade of the archaeologist turned that up." He asked how I knew it, and I said, "The Spirit of God has been making it real to my own heart." I trust that the Spirit of God is going to make the Word of God not only real to you to incorporate into your living, but that He is also going to give you that assurance that you can say, "I know that it's the Word of God." Whence but from Heaven, could men unskilled in arts, In several ages born, in several parts, Weave such agreeing truths, or how, or why, Should all conspire to cheat us with a lie? Unasked their pains, ungrateful their advice, Starving their gain, and martyrdom their price. —Dryden
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY REVELATION? INSPIRATION? ILLUMINATION? INTERPRETATION? Revelation means that God has spoken and that God has communicated to man. Inspiration guarantees the revelation of God. Illumination has to do with the Spirit of God being the Teacher—He communicates. Interpretation has to do with the interpretation that you and I give to the Word of God.
Revelation means that God has spoken. "Thus saith the Lord," and its equivalent, occurs over twenty-five hundred times. The Lord didn't want you to misunderstand that He had spoken. Notice kjv@Hebrews:1:1-2: God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds. Wherever you will find two persons, endowed with a reasonable degree of intelligence, who harbor the same feelings and desires, who are attracted to each other more or less, you will find communication between them. Persons of like propensities, separated from each other, delight in getting in touch with each other and rejoice in receiving communication from each other. This innate characteristic of the human heart explains the post office department, the telephone, and the telegraph. Friends communicate with friends. A husband away from home writes to his wife. A boy or girl at school will write home to dad and mom. And ever and anon there travels the scented epistle of a girl to a boy, and then the boy returns an epistle to the girl. All of this is called communication. It is the expression of the heart.
The Scripture says, "Deep calls to deep."
You will recall the story of Helen Keller. I remember the thrill that came to me when I read the account of this woman, shut out from the world by blindness and deafness, without means of communication; and then a way was opened up so she could communicate—probably better than many of us who can see and hear. Now, on the basis of all this, I would like to ask you what I believe is a reasonable and certainly an intelligent question: Isn't it reasonable to conclude that God has communicated with His creatures to whom He has committed a certain degree of intelligence and whom He created in His likeness? May I say to you, if we did not have a revelation from God, right now I think that you and I could just wait and He would be speaking to us, because we could expect God to speak to us. You will notice that the writer to the Hebrews says that God in the Old Testament spoke through the prophets, and He now has spoken through Christ. Both the revelation to the prophets in the Old Testament and the revelation of Christ in the New Testament are in the Word of God, of course, and that is the only way we would know about the communication from either one. The Bible has sixty-six books, and God has spoken to us through them.
This Book contains the mind of God, the state of man, the way of salvation, the doom of sinners and the happiness of believers. Its doctrines are holy, its precepts are binding, its histories are true, and its decisions are immutable. Read it to be wise, believe it to be safe and practice it to be holy. It contains light to direct you, food to support you and comfort to cheer you. It is the traveler's map, the pilgrim's staff, the pilot's compass, the soldier's sword and the Christian's character. Here paradise is restored, heaven opened and the gates of hell disclosed. Christ is its grand object our good , is its design and the glory of God its end. It should fill the memory, rule the heart, and guide the feet. Read it slowly, frequently, and prayerfully. It is given you in life and will be opened in the judgment and will be remembered forever. It involves the highest responsibility, will reward the greatest labour, and will condemn all who trifle with its sacred contents. —Author Unknown
This brings us to the second great subject which is inspiration. I personally believe in what is known as the plenary verbal inspiration of the Scriptures, which means that the Bible is an authoritative statement and that every word of it is the Word of God to us and for us in this day in which we live. Inspiration guarantees the revelation of God. And that is exactly what this Book says. Two men, Paul writing his last epistle to Timothy and Peter writing his last epistle, both had something pretty definite to say about the Bible:
All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works. ( kjv@2Timothy:3:16-17)
Notice that all scripture is given by inspiration. The word inspiration means God breathed. God said through these men, as He said here through Paul, exactly what He wanted to say. He hasn't anything else to add. Peter expresses it this way: For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost. ( kjv@2Peter:1:21) It is very important to see that these men were moved, as it were, carried along, by the Holy Spirit of God. It was Bishop Westcott who said: "The thoughts are wedded to words as necessarily as the soul is to the body." And Dr. Keiper said, "You can as easily have music without notes, or mathematics without figures, as thoughts without words." It is not the thoughts that are inspired; it's the words that are inspired.
There is a little whimsical story of a girl who had taken singing lessons from a very famous teacher. He was present at her recital, and after it was over she was anxious to know his reaction. He didn't come back to congratulate her, and she asked a friend, "What did he say?" Her loyal friend answered, "He said that you sang heavenly," She couldn't quite believe that her teacher had said that; so she probed, "Is that exactly what he said?" "Well, no, but that is what he meant." The girl insisted, "Tell me the exact words that he used." "Well, his exact words were, 'That was an unearthly noise!'" May I say to you, there is a difference between unearthly noise and heavenly sound. Exact words are important.
Believe me, it is the words of Scripture that are inspired—not the thoughts, but the words. For instance, Satan was not inspired to tell a lie, but the Bible records that he told a lie. It's the words that are inspired. And the Lord Jesus said, "It is written," quoting the Word of God in the Old Testament—the men who wrote gave out what God had to say. In kjv@Exodus:20:1 Moses wrote: "And God spoke all these words, saying . . . ." It was God who did the speaking, and Moses wrote what He said.
Over the years there have been discovered many very excellent manuscripts of the Scriptures. Speaking of the manuscripts in Britain, Sir George Kenyon, the late director and principal librarian of the British Museum, made this statement: "Thanks to these manuscripts, the ordinary reader of the Bible may feel comfortable about the soundness of the text. Apart from a few unimportant verbal alterations, natural in books transcribed by hand, the New Testament, we now feel assured, has come down intact." We can be sure today that we have that which is as close to the autographs as anything possibly can be, and I believe in the verbal plenary inspiration of the autographs—that is, the original manuscripts.
Way back yonder in the second century Irenaeus, one of the church fathers, wrote: "The Scriptures indeed are perfect, forasmuch as they are spoken by the Word of God and by His Spirit," Augustine, living in the fifth century, made this statement, "Let us therefore yield ourselves and bow to the authority of the Holy Scriptures which can neither err nor deceive." And Spurgeon commented, "I can never doubt the doctrine of plenary verbal inspiration; since I so constantly see, in actual practice, how the very words that God has been pleased to use—a plural instead of a singular—are blessed to the souls of men." God speaks in this Book to our hearts and to our lives.
Illumination means that since you and I have a Book, a God-Book and a human Book, written by men who were expressing their thoughts and while doing this they were writing down the Word of God, only the Spirit of God can teach it to us. Although we can get the facts of the Bible on our own, the Spirit of God will have to open our minds and hearts if we are to understand the spiritual truth that is there. Paul, writing to the Corinthians, said:
But we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery, even the hidden wisdom, which God ordained before the ages unto our glory; which none of the princes of this age knew; for had they known it, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory. But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him. ( kjv@1Corinthians:2:7-9 NSRB)
Now you and I get most of what we know through the eye gate and the ear gate or by reason. Paul tells us here that there are certain things that eye has not seen nor ear heard, certain things that you can't get into your mind at all. Then how in the world are you going to get them?
But God hath revealed them unto us by his Spirit; for the Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God. ( kjv@1Corinthians:2:10 NSRB)Verse 9 sometimes goes to a funeral. The minister implies that the one who has died didn't know too much down here, but now he will know things he did not know before. While that probably is true (we will get quite an education in heaven), that is not what the verse says. Long before you get to the undertaker, there are a lot of things down here that you and I can't learn through natural means. The Holy Spirit has to be our Teacher. You remember that our Lord inquired of His disciples, "What are men saying about Me?" They said that some were saying one thing and some another. (And today you can get a different answer from almost every person you happen to ask. There are many viewpoints of Him.) Then He asked His disciples: . . . But whom say ye that I am? And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-jona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven. kjv@Matthew:16:15-17)
God is the One who revealed the truth to Simon Peter. And today only God can open up the Word of God for us to really understand it. On the day of the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, He walked down the Emmaus road and joined a couple of men as they walked along. Entering into their conversation, He asked them: . . . What manner of communications are these that ye have one to another, as ye walk, and are sad? And the one of them, whose name was Cleopas, answering said unto him, Art thou only a stranger in Jerusalem, and hast not known the things which are come to pass there in these days? And he said unto them, What things? And they said unto him, Concerning Jesus of Nazareth, which was a prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people: and how the chief priests and our rulers delivered him to be condemned to death, and have crucified him. kjv@Luke:24:17-20)
As you will recall, Jesus had predicted that. And it is interesting to see that written prophecy had been saying it for years. Then they expressed the hope that had been theirs: But we trusted that it had been he which should have redeemed Israel: and beside all this, today is the third day since these things were done. kjv@Luke:24:21)
And they went on to tell about what they knew and what the women had reported. "Those who were with us went to the sepulcher . . . but Him they saw not." Their hopes had dimmed, and darkness had entered their hearts. Now listen to the Lord Jesus: . . . O fools, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken: ought not Christ to have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory? And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself. kjv@Luke:24:25-27)
Friend, wouldn't you have loved to have been there that day and heard Him go back in the Old Testament and lift out the Scriptures concerning Himself? And after He finally made Himself known to them as they sat at the evening meal, this is their comment: . . . Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way, and while he opened to us the scriptures? kjv@Luke:24:32)
You see, we are studying a Book that is different from any other book. It is not that I just believe in the inspiration of the Bible, I believe that it is a closed Book to you unless the Spirit of God will open your heart and make it real. When Jesus returned to Jerusalem at that time, He continued teaching the disciples: And he said unto them, These are the words which I spoke unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me. kjv@Luke:24:44)
Notice that He believed Moses wrote the Pentateuch; He believed the prophets spoke of Him and that the Psalms pointed to Him. Now here is the important verse: Then opened he their understanding, that they might understand the scriptures. kjv@Luke:24:45)
And, friend, if He doesn't open your understanding, you're just not going to get it, that's all. That is the reason we ought to approach this Book with great humility of mind, regardless of how high our IQ is or the extent of our education. Referring back to 1 Corinthians, Paul goes on to say: Which things also we speak, not in the words which man's wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Spirit teacheth, comparing spiritual things with spiritual. But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God; for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned. ( kjv@1Corinthians:2:13-14 NSRB) I am never disturbed when one of these unbelievers, even if he's a preacher, comes along and says he no longer believes the Bible is the Word of God (he never did believe it, to tell the truth) because that's the way he should talk. After all, if he is not a believer, he cannot understand it. Mark Twain, who was no believer, said that he was not disturbed by what he did not understand in the Bible. What worried him were the things he did understand. There are things an unbeliever can understand, and it's those which cause many to reject the Word of God. It was Pascal who said, "Human knowledge must be understood to be loved, but Divine knowledge must be loved to be understood." As I leave the subject of illumination let me add this: Only the Spirit of God can open your mind and heart to see and to accept Christ and to trust Him as your Saviour. How wonderful! I have always felt as I entered the pulpit how helpless I am because, believe me, Vernon McGee can't convert anyone. But I not only feel weak, I also feel mighty—not mighty in myself, but in the knowledge that the Spirit of God can take my dead words and make them real and living.
Interpretation has to do with the interpretation that you and I give to the Word of God. And this is the reason there are Methodists and Baptists and Presbyterians, this kind of teacher and that kind of teacher—we all have our interpretations. And where there is disagreement, somebody is evidently wrong. There are several rules that should be followed as we attempt to interpret the Bible.
1. The overall purpose of the Bible should first be considered.
And that is the reason I teach all of it—because I believe you need to have it all before you can come to any dogmatic conclusion concerning any particular verse of Scripture. It is important to take into consideration all verses that are related to that subject.
2. To whom the Scripture is addressed should next be considered.
For instance, way back yonder God said to Joshua, "Arise, go over this Jordan" kjv@Joshua:1:2). When I was over in that land, I crossed the Jordan River, but I didn't cross it to fulfill that Scripture. And I didn't say, "At last I've obeyed the Lord and have crossed over Jordan." No. When I read that verse I know the Lord is talking to Joshua—but I believe there is a tremendous lesson there for me. All Scripture is not to me, but all Scripture is for me. That is a good rule to keep in mind.
3. The immediate context before and after a Scripture should be observed. What is the passage talking about? And what other passages of Scripture deal with the same thing?
4. Discover what the original says.
If you do not read Hebrew or Greek, when you read the American Standard Version you're right close to what the Lord said. Frankly, I cannot recommend the modern translations, although there are good things in them. I have found that because we are so divided doctrinally, every group that attempts to translate the Bible just naturally injects into the translation their particular viewpoint. Therefore, if the liberal is going to do the translating, you may get a taste of liberalism. If the fundamentalist is going to do the translating, you'll get his bias in certain places. However, the men who did the original English translations were men who believed that the Bible was the Word of God and handled it accordingly. When there were words they could not translate, they simply transliterated them (for instance, Abba and baptizo).
The danger in modern translations is that translation is done in a dogmatic fashion. When you translate, you have to take something out of one language and put it into another language in comparable terms—identical terms if possible. The thing that most of our modern translators are trying to do is to get it into modern speech. And in doing so, they really miss what the original is saying. Personally, I stick by the Authorized (King James) Version. I feel that The New Scofield Reference Bible has made a tremendous step forward in making certain distinctions and corrections that needed to be made in the Authorized Version. I recommend that also, although I still use my old Scofield Reference Bible . I know my way around through the Book, and, after all, the old scout will follow the old trail. However, the important thing is to attempt to determine the exact words of the original. 5. Interpret the Bible literally. The late Dr. David Cooper has stated it well: "When the plain sense of Scripture makes common sense, seek no other sense; therefore, take every word at its primary, ordinary, usual, literal meaning unless the facts of the immediate context, studied in the light of related passages and axiomatic and fundamental truths, indicate clearly otherwise."
Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law. kjv@Psalms:119:18) There are certain guidelines that each of us should follow relative to the Word of God. I guarantee that if you will follow these guidelines, blessing will come to your heart and life. Certainly there should be these directions in the study of Scripture. Today a bottle of patented medicine, no matter how simple it might be, has directions for the use of it. And any little gadget
that you buy in a five-and-ten-cent store has with it directions for its operation. If that is true of the things of this world, certainly the all-important Word of God should have a few directions and instructions on the study of it. I want to mention seven very simple, yet basic, preliminary steps that will be a guide for the study of the Word of God. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Begin with prayer Read the Bible Study the Bible Meditate on the Bible Read what others have written on the Bible Obey the Bible Pass it on to others
You may want to add to these, but I believe these are basic and primary. Someone has put it in a very brief, cogent manner: "The Bible—know it in your head; stow it in your heart; show it in your life; sow it in the world." That is another way of saying some of the things we are going to present here.
1. Begin with Prayer
As we saw when we dealt with the subject of illumination, the Bible differs from other books in that the Holy Spirit alone can open our minds to understand it. You can take up a book on philosophy, and if a man wrote it (and he did), then a man can understand it. The same is true of higher mathematics or any other subject. There is not a book that ever has been written by any man that another man cannot understand. But the Bible is different. The Bible cannot be understood unless the Holy Spirit is the Instructor. And He wants to teach us. The fact of the matter is, our Lord told us, "He will guide you into all truth" kjv@John:16:13). When we open the Word of God we need to begin with the psalmist's prayer: Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law. kjv@Psalms:119:18) When the psalmist wrote these lines, he had in mind the Mosaic system, of course; but we widen that out to include the sixty-six books of the Bible and pray today, "Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy Word." When the Apostle Paul was praying for the Ephesians, he did not pray for their health (although he may have at another time), and he did not pray that they might get wealthy (I don't know that he ever did that), but Paul's first prayer for these Ephesians is recorded in his little epistle to them: Wherefore I also, after I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus, and love unto all the saints, cease not to give thanks for you, making mention of you in my prayers. kjv@Ephesians:1:15-16)
Now what would Paul pray for? Here it is: That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him: the eyes of your understanding being enlightened; that ye may know what is the hope of his calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints. kjv@Ephesians:1:17-18) Paul's prayer, you see, is that they might have a wisdom and an understanding of the revelation of the knowledge of Him—that is, that they might know the Word of God. And that the eyes of their understanding might be enlightened, that they might know something of the hope of the calling they had in Christ. This is the prayer of the Apostle Paul. And if anyone remembers me in prayer, this is exactly what I want them to pray for—that my eyes (my spiritual eyes) might be open. Also I would like to remember you in prayer that way.
I believe the most important thing for you and me today is to know the will of God—and the will of God is the Word of God. We cannot know the Word of God unless the Spirit of God is our teacher. That is what Paul says over in the first epistle to the Corinthians: Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is of God; that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God. Which things also we speak, not in the words which man's wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Spirit teacheth, comparing spiritual things with spiritual. But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God; for they are foolishness unto him, neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned. ( kjv@1Corinthians:2:12-14 NSRB)
The reason today that so many don't get anything out of the Bible is simply because they are not letting the Spirit of God teach them. The Word of God is different from any other book, you see, because the natural man cannot receive these things. To him they are foolishness. God has given to us the Spirit that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God. He alone is our teacher; He alone can take the Word of God and make it real and living to us. God wants to communicate with us through His written Word. But it is a supernatural Book, and it will not communicate to us on the natural plane for the very simple reason that only the Spirit of God can take the things of Christ and reveal them to us. Notice this very interesting verse of Scripture: For what man knoweth the things of a man, except the spirit of man which is in him? Even so the things of God knoweth no man, but the Spirit of God. ( kjv@1Corinthians:2:11 NSRB)
In a very succinct and understandable manner, this gives the reason the Spirit of God must be our Teacher. You and I understand each other, but we do not understand God. I believe it is perfect nonsense to talk about a generation gap through which we cannot communicate. While it has always been true that it is difficult for an older person and a younger person to see eye to eye, we can communicate with each other because we are all human beings. We understand each other. But, frankly, I don't understand God unless He is revealed to me. I do not know how God feels. I used to wonder how He would feel at a funeral. Well, I find the Lord Jesus there at the funeral of Lazarus and see that He wept. I know how He feels today. I know how He feels about many things because the Spirit of God through the Word of God has revealed them to me.
When I was pastor in Nashville, Tennessee, I got up one bright morning and looked out my window. During the night about five inches of snow had fallen and covered up all the ugliness with a beautiful blanket. I sat upstairs in my study looking out over the scene when I noticed an elder of my church, who lived next door, come out on his porch with two coal scuttles filled with ashes which he was going to empty in the alley. I saw him stop and look over the landscape, and I just smiled because I knew how he felt—just like I felt, looking out on that snow that had fallen during the night. But when he started down the steps, he slipped. Not wanting to spill the ashes, he held them out and hit one of those steps with a real bump. I couldn't help but laugh. I guess if he had broken his neck I still would have laughed. But I noticed that he looked around, and when he was satisfied that nobody had seen him, he got up with great satisfaction and started out again. About half way out on the sidewalk we had a repeat performance; only this time he fell much farther because it was all the way to the sidewalk. And it looked to me like he bounced when he hit. This time he really scanned the landscape. He didn't want anybody to see what he had done. And I knew how he felt. I would have felt the same way. He got up and looked over the landscape, went out and emptied his ashes, and when he got back to the porch, he looked over the landscape again—I don't think this time to admire the scene but to make good and sure that no one had seen him fall. I didn't say a word until Sunday morning. When I came into the church, I went right by where he sat, leaned down and said, "You sure did look funny yesterday carrying out the ashes!" He looked at me in amazement. He said, "Did you see me?" I said, "Yes." "Well," he said, "I didn't think anybody saw me." And I said, "I thought that. I knew exactly how you felt." You see, he had a human spirit and I had a human spirit—we understood each other. But who can understand God? The Spirit of God. And that is the reason the Holy Spirit teaches us, comparing spiritual things with spiritual.
Renan, the French skeptic, made an attack on the Word of God, as you know; yet he wrote a "Life of Christ." His book is divided into two sections, one is the historical section, the other is the interpretation of the life of Christ. As far as the first part is concerned, there probably has never been a more brilliant life of Christ written by any man. But his interpretation of it is positively absurd. It could have been done better by a twelve-year-old Sunday school boy. What is the explanation of that? Well, the Spirit of God does not teach you history or give you facts that you can dig out for yourself; a very clever mind can dig out those. But the interpretation is altogether different. The Spirit of God has to do the interpreting, and He alone must be the Teacher to lead us and guide us into all truth. We must have the Spirit of God to open our eyes to see.
And we are told to ask His help. Over in kjv@John:16 the Lord Jesus says, I have yet many things to say unto you, but ye cannot bear them now. Nevertheless, when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth; for he shall not speak of himself, but whatever he shall hear, that shall he speak; and he will show you things to come. He shall glorify me; for he shall receive of mine, and shall show it unto you. All things that the Father hath are mine; therefore said I, that he shall take of mine, and shall show it unto you. A little while, and ye shall not see me; and again, a little while, and ye shall see me, because I go to the Father. kjv@John:16:12-16 NSRB)
So the Lord Jesus is saying that we are to ask. He has many things for us, and He has sent the Holy Spirit to be the teacher. Again over in chapter 14 He says, But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you. kjv@John:14:26) The Holy Spirit is the Teacher, and He must be the One to lead us and guide us into all truth, friend. If you ever learn anything through my Bible study program, it will not be because this poor preacher is the teacher, it will be because the Spirit of God is opening up the Word of God to you. This, then, is the first guideline: Begin with prayer and ask the Spirit of God to be your teacher.
2. Read the Bible.
The second guideline may seem oversimplified. Someone asked a great Shakespearean scholar years ago, "How do you study Shakespeare?" His answer was very terse, "Read Shakespeare." And I would say to you: Read the Word of God. Do you want to know what the Bible has to say? Read the Bible. Over and above what any teacher may give you, it is all-important to read for yourself what the Bible has to say. Dr. G. Campbell Morgan has written some very wonderful and helpful commentaries on the Bible. In fact, he has a series of books that I recommend on all sixty-six books of the Bible. I know of nothing that is any better than them, and when I started out as a student, they had a great influence on my study of the Word. It is said of him that he would not put pen to paper until he had read a particular book of the Bible through fifty times.
So don't be weary in well doing, friend; just read the Word of God. If you don't get it the first time, read it the second time. If you don't get it the second time, read it the third time. Keep on reading it. We are to get the facts of the Word of God. There is a very interesting incident over in the book of Nehemiah: And all the people gathered themselves together as one man into the street that was before the water gate; and they spoke unto Ezra, the scribe, to bring the book of the law of Moses, which the LORD had commanded to Israel. And Ezra, the priest, brought the law before the congregation both of men and women, and all who could hear with understanding, upon the first day of the seventh month. And he read from it facing the street that was before the water gate from the morning until midday, before the men and the women, and those who could understand; and the ears of all the people were attentive unto the book of the law. kjv@Nehemiah:8:1-3 NSRB) This is a very remarkable passage of Scripture. You see, these people had been in Babylonian captivity seventy years; many of them had never heard the Word of God. It did not circulate much in that day. There were not a hundred different translations aboard nor new ones coming off the press all the time. Probably there was just one or two copies in existence, and Ezra had one of those copies. He stood and read before the water gate. So they read in the book in the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense, and caused them to understand the reading. kjv@Nehemiah:8:8 NSRB) From the way the account is given, I assume that men of the tribe of Levi were stationed in certain areas among the people. After Ezra had read a certain portion, he would stop to give the people who had listened an opportunity to ask questions of the men who were stationed out there to explain the Bible to them. . . . And the Levites caused the people to understand the law; and the people stood in their place. kjv@Nehemiah:8:7 NSRB)
Not only did they read the Word, but they caused the people to understand it. We need to read the Bible. There are so many distractions today from the study of the Word of God. And the greatest distraction we have is the church. The church is made up of committees and organizations and banquets and entertainments and promotional schemes to the extent that the Word of God is not even dealt with in many churches today. There are churches that have disbanded the preaching service altogether. Instead they have a time in which the people will be able to express themselves and say what they are thinking. I can't imagine anything more puerile or more of a waste of time than that (although it is a fine excuse to get out of preaching for a lazy preacher who will not read or study the Bible). I find that the people who are more ignorant of the Bible than anyone else are church members. They simply do not know the Word of God. And it has been years since it has been taught in the average church. We need to read the Bible. We need to get into the Word of God—not just reading a few favorite verses, but reading the entire Word of God. That is the only way we are going to know it, friend. That is God's method.
I supposed I knew my Bible, Reading piecemeal, hit or miss, Now a bit of John or Matthew, Now a snatch of Genesis, Certain chapters of Isaiah, Certain Psalms (the twenty-third), Twelfth of Romans, First of Proverbs— Yes, I thought I knew the Word! But I found that thorough reading Was a different thing to do, And the way was unfamiliar When I read the Bible through. You who like to play at Bible, Dip and dabble, here and there, Just before you kneel, aweary, And yawn through a hurried prayer; You who treat the Crown of Writings As you treat no other book— Just a paragraph disjointed, Just a crude impatient look— Try a worthier procedure, Try a broad and steady view; You will kneel in very rapture When you read the Bible through! —Amos R. Wells
Then the third guideline kjv@Isaiah:3. Study the Bible.
Someone came to Dr. Morgan, years ago, and said, "You speak as though you are inspired!" Dr. Morgan replied, "Inspiration kjv@Isaiah:95 percent perspiration." The Bible needs to be studied. We need to realize that the Spirit of God will not teach us something that we could get ourselves by study. I used to teach the Bible in a Bible Institute, and the classes were made up of all kinds of young folk. Among them were a few very pious individuals, and I understood these young people very well after a period of time—I confess I didn't understand them at first. Their pious facade, I found, covered up a tremendous ignorance and vacuum relative to the Word of God. Some of them would not study the night before an exam. They always would give an excuse that they were busy in a prayer meeting or a service somewhere. I had the feeling that some of them believed that they could put their Bibles under their pillows at night and as they slept, there would come up through the duck feathers the names of the kings of Israel and Judah! Believe me, it won't come up through the duck feathers. We have to knuckle down and study the Word of God.
A fellow student in a Bible class when I was in college said, "Doctor, you have assigned us a section that is very dry." The professor, without even missing a step, said to him, "Then dampen it a little with sweat from your brow." The Bible should be studied, and it is very important to see that. There is a certain knowledge that the Spirit of God is not going to give you. I do not think He is revealing truth to lazy people. After all, you never learn logarithms or geometry or Greek by just reading a chapter of it just before you go to sleep at night! Now you may be shocked when I say that I do not encourage devotional reading of the Bible. Over a period of years I have learned that a great many people who are very faithful in what they call devotional reading are very ignorant of the Bible. I stayed with a family for over a week when I was holding meetings in a place in middle Tennessee. Every morning at the breakfast table we had devotions. Unfortunately, breakfast was always a little late, and Susie and Willie were rushing to get away to school. I am confident that they didn't even know what was read. Dad was wanting to get away to work, and he generally made the Bible reading very brief. Always he'd say, "Well, I'll read this familiar passage this morning because we don't have much time." And, believe me, we didn't. By the time the reading was over, Susie and Willie left the table like they were shot out of a gun, and Dad got out of there almost as quickly as they did, and Mother was left with the dishes—and I wondered if she had really heard what had been read. I determined right there and then that in my home we wouldn't have devotional reading.
I have always encouraged members of my family to read the Bible on their own. That is the reading that is profitable. Someone is going to say, "But I have my devotions at night after the day is over." Now really, don't you have them right before you go to bed? You've got one foot in bed already, one eye is already closed, and you turn to a passage of Scripture to read. Now, friend, you cannot learn mathematics that way. You cannot learn literature that way. You cannot learn the Bible that way. You have to study the Word of God. You ought to read it when you can give time to it. And if you can't find time, you ought to make time. Set apart thirty minutes or an hour. Or if you do things haphazardly like I do, read thirty minutes one day, perhaps only five minutes the next day, and two or three hours the next day, however it fits into your program. I put down no particular rule except that each person should read for himself, and boys and girls should be encouraged to read the Bible for themselves. Some folks feel that they ought to have devotional reading together. And that is fine, if the Lord leads you to do it, but I guarantee you will not be intelligent Bible students after twenty years of doing it like that. You also need to study the Word of God on your own. It was said of John Wesley that he was a man of one Book. What made him a man of one Book? Well, he got up and read the Bible at four and five o'clock every morning—read it in five different languages. Believe me, he studied the Word of God. And you and I need to study the Word; we need to get the meaning of the Bible. This leads me to the fourth guideline:
4. Meditate on the Bible.
Meditation is something that God taught His people. The Word of God was to be before the children of Israel all the time—so that they could meditate on it. And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart: and thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up. And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. And thou shalt write them upon the posts of thy house, and on thy gates. kjv@Deuteronomy:6:6-9) Now that is an amazing statement coming from the Lord. He told them to write the Word of God upon the doorposts. In other words, wherever they turned, it was just like looking at billboards. You cannot drive up and down our streets and highways without seeing liquor signs and cigarette signs—billboards galore! Now you can understand why people today drink liquor and why they smoke cigarettes—it is before them all the time. The Lord knew human nature. He knew us. And He told His people to get the Word where they would see it. It was on their doorposts, on their gates, and they wore it on their garments. And they were to talk about it when they were walking. They were to talk about the Word when they sat down. They were to talk about it when they went to bed and until they went to sleep. God asked His people to meditate on His Word. Now what does it really mean to meditate on the Word of God? There is a very interesting statement over in the first Psalm: Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful. But his delight is in the law of the LORD; and in his law doth he meditate day and night. kjv@Psalms:1:1-2)
To meditate is to ruminate, to bring to mind and consider over and over. Ruminating is what a cow is doing when she is chewing her cud. You know how the old cow goes out of a morning, and while the grass is fresh with dew she grazes. Then when the sun comes up and the weather is hot, the old cow lies down under a tree, or stands there in the shade. You see her chewing and you wonder what in the world that cow is chewing. She will chew there for an hour or two. Well, she is meditating, friend. She is bringing the grass she ate of a morning (we are told that a cow has a complex stomach) out of one chamber and is transferring it to another. In the process she is going over it again, chewing it up good. You and I need to learn to do that in our thought processes. We are to get the Word of God, read it, have it out where we can look at it, then think about it, meditate on it. Many times in preparing a message I'll take a verse of Scripture and spend hours doing nothing but reading it over and over, checking what others have said about it, and just keep reading it.
Finally new truth will break out from that particular passage. I remember hearing Dr. Harry Ironside say that he had heard a lecture on the Song of Solomon which left him dissatisfied. He said that he read the Song of Solomon again, got down on his knees and asked God to give him an understanding of it. He did that again and again—in fact, he did it for weeks and months. Finally new light broke from that book. When I teach the Song of Solomon I generally give his interpretation for two reasons: it satisfies my own mind and heart more than does any other interpretation I have heard, and also I know the man who got it had spent a great deal of time in meditation. There are folk who write to us saying that the wife listens to our Bible study by radio at home, and the husband listens to it at work, and of an evening at the dinner table they discuss the Scripture that was covered. That is meditation; it is going back over it again. Riding along in the car alone is a good place to take a passage of Scripture and really give thought to it.
How many of you, after you have had "devotions," meditate upon that passage during the day? Most people read it and then forget it—never thinking about it again until it is called to their attention. Or, if they read it at night, they jump into bed as quickly as they can, turn out the light, and go to sleep, forgetting all about it. Meditation is almost a lost art in our contemporary society. Frankly, television in many homes absolutely blots out the possibility for meditation. It is changing the spiritual life of many families today. One of the reasons that our churches are becoming colder and more indifferent to the Word of God is simply because there is that lack of meditation upon the Word of God. Remember (in Acts, chapter 8) the Ethiopian eunuch who was riding along reading Isaiah. He was actually studying Isaiah, because he was in a passage with which he was having trouble— he did not know what it meant. Here is a man who is reading and studying, and the Spirit of God is going to open the Word of God to him. That is the reason the Holy Spirit had Philip there to explain the chapter to the Ethiopian. It opened up a new world to him, and he came to know Christ. The record says that he went on his way rejoicing. What was making him rejoice? He was meditating, friend. He was going back over that fifty-third chapter of Isaiah. Have you ever meditated on that Lamb who was brought as a sheep to the slaughter? Who was He? He came down here and identified Himself with us who like sheep have gone astray and have turned every one to our own way. And the Lord has laid on Him the iniquity of us all. How often do you meditate on these things? Well, the Ethiopian did. It always has been a matter of speculation as to what he did after that. Tradition says that he went back to his land and founded the Coptic church of Ethiopia. That could well be; we do not know. However, the interesting thing is that he went on his way rejoicing, which lets us know that he was meditating on the Word of God.
5. Read what others have written on the Scriptures.
I know that this is a dangerous rule, because many folk depend on what someone else says about it. Also there are many books on the market today that give wrong teaching concerning the Word of God. We need to test everything that is written by the Bible itself. However, you and I should consult a good commentary. With each outline of the books of the Bible I list recommended books, commentaries that I have read and have found helpful. You will find it very profitable to read what others have said. Actually you are getting all the distilled sweetness and study of the centuries when you read books written by men who have been guided in their study by the Spirit of God. You and I should profit by this.
There have been some wonderful, profound works on the books of the Bible. In addition to commentaries, a concordance is invaluable. I can recommend three: Young's concordance, Strong's concordance, and Cruden's concordance—take your pick. Also you will need a good Bible dictionary. The Davis Bible dictionary is good if you don't get the wrong edition. Unger's Bible Dictionary I can recommend without reservation. Every teacher and preacher of the Gospel has a set of books that he studies. He needs them. Someone asks, "Should he present verbatim what somebody else has written?" No, he should never do that, unless he gives credit to the author. But he has a perfect right to use what others have written. I have been told that some of my feeble messages are given by others, and sometimes credit is given and sometimes no mention is made of the author at all.
As far as I'm personally concerned, it makes no difference, but it does reveal the character of the individual who will use someone else's material verbatim and not give credit for it. A professor in seminary solved this problem. When someone asked him if he should quote other writers, he said, "You ought to graze on everybody's pasture, but give your own milk." And that means that you are to read what others have written, but you put it in your own thought patterns and express it your way. You have a perfect right to do that. The important thing is that we should take advantage of the study of other men in the Word of God.
6. Obey the Bible.
For the understanding and the study of the Scriptures, obedience is essential. Abraham is an example of this. God appeared to him when He called him out of Ur of the Chaldees and again when he was in the Promised Land. But Abraham ran off to Egypt when famine came, and during this time God had no word for him. Not until Abraham was back in the land did God appear to him again. Why? Because of lack of obedience. Until Abraham obeyed what God had already revealed to him, God was not prepared to give to him any new truth. So it is with us. When we obey, God opens up new truth for us. Even the gospel which is given to save our souls is given for the very definite purpose of obedience. The greatest document that ever has been written on the gospel is the epistle to the Romans. And Paul put around the gospel this matter of obedience. He begins with it:
By whom we have received grace and apostleship, for obedience to the faith among all nations, for his name. kjv@Romans:1:5)
Again at the end of Romans Paul comes back to this: But now is made manifest, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the everlasting God, made known to all nations for the obedience of faith. kjv@Romans:16:26)
"Obedience of faith" is the last thing Paul says in this epistle. What is between? He sets before us what the gospel is, that great doctrinal section; then he concludes with a section on duty—what we're to do. Paul put around the gospel this matter of obedience. Obedience to the faith. This is where Adam and Eve went wrong. Eve not only listened to Satan, the enemy of God, but she also disobeyed God. Obedience to God is very important. And we must recognize that God will not continue to reveal truth to us if we become disobedient. We must obey the Bible if we are to profit from its reading. Also obedience is important because there are folk who measure Christianity by you and by me. Cowan has well said, "The best way to defend the Gospel is to live a life worthy of the Gospel." That is the way you prove it is the Word of God.
Four clergymen were discussing the merits of various translations of the Bible. One liked the King James Version best because of its simple, beautiful English. Another liked the American Standard Version because it is more literal and comes nearer to the Hebrew and Greek texts. Still another liked a modern translation because of its up-to-date vocabulary. The fourth minister was silent. When asked to express his opinion, he replied, "I like my mother's translation best. She translated it into life, and it was the most convincing translation I have ever seen." You will recall that Paul wrote to the Corinthian Christians: Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men: forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart. ( kjv@2Corinthians:3:2-3)
The Gospel is written a chapter a day By deeds that you do and words that you say. Men read what you say whether faithless or true. Say, what is the Gospel according to you? —Author Unknown
That little jingle is true, by the way. Oh, how important it is to obey the Bible! I believe that today Christianity is being hurt more by those who are church members than by any other group. That is one of the reasons that we have all of this rebellion on the outside—rebellion against the establishment, which includes the church. A placard carried by one in a protest march had four words on it; "Church, no; Jesus, yes." Candidly, the lives of a great many in the church are turning people away from the church. There was a barrister in England years ago who was asked why he did not become a Christian. This was his answer, "I, too, might have become a Christian if I had not met so many who said they were Christians." How unfortunate that is We need to examine our own lives in this connection. How important it is to obey the Word of God
7. Pass it on to others.
Not only read the Bible, not only study the Bible, not only meditate on the Bible, and not only read what others have written about it, but pass it on to others. That is what we all should do. You will reach a saturation point in the study of the Word unless you do share it with others. God for some reason won't let you withdraw yourself from mankind and become some sort of a walking Bible encyclopedia, knowing everything, while the rest of us remain ignorant. I think that is the reason He said: Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching. kjv@Hebrews:10:25)
God has told us to be witnesses. He said, "Ye shall be witnesses." He did not say that we should be scholars, walking encyclopedias, or memory books. Do not bury God's truth in a notebook. Someone has said that education is a process by which information in the professor's notebook is transferred to the student's notebook, without passing through the mind of either. Well, there is a great deal of Bible truth like that. It is not practiced, not shared. We are called to be witnesses today, therefore we ought to pass it on to others. I learned this lesson when I was in seminary. I pastored a little church, as did five other fellows, and we found that when we were graduated, we were at least a year ahead of the other members of the class. Why? Because we were smarter than the others? No. Because we were passing it on. God was able to funnel into us a great deal more than He might have otherwise. My friend, pass it on. These, then, are the seven basic guidelines to follow as you take in your hands the Word of God:
1. Begin with prayer
2. Read the Bible
3. Study the Bible 4. Meditate upon the Bible
5. Read what others have written on the Bible 6. Obey the Bible 7. Pass it on to others
1. Begin with prayer kjv@1Corinthians:2:9-14; kjv@John:16:12-15; kjv@John:14:26
2. Read the Bible kjv@Nehemiah:8:1-3
3. Study the Bible kjv@Nehemiah:8:8
4. Meditate upon the Bible kjv@Deuteronomy:6:6-9; kjv@Psalms:1 5. Pass the Bible on to others kjv@Hebrews:5:12; kjv@Romans:12:7
1. The theme 2. The most important verse 3. The most prominent word 4. The teaching about Christ 5. The command to obey 6. The promise to claim 7. The new truth learned kjv@Psalms:119:18
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- [Design description] Full-width printing.
- [Material description] The lunch bag is made of high-density Oxford cloth, with an upgraded aluminum foil lining, leak-proof, easy to clean, and can keep food fresh for a long time. The lunch bag has a strong zipper, a reinforced handle and good craft stitching.
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The business end of the football season may be rapidly approaching, but some teams can still give their fans a reason to celebrate. For Everton and Chelsea, the FA Cup is a chance to please their fans – and the punters – after inconsistent seasons, but only one can progress after Saturday's Quarter Final.
Everton have shown their attacking potential this season, having scored 29 league goals at Goodison Park to post the second-best home production after 15 games. Among the key contributors are youngsters Romelu Lukaku and Ross Barkley, who have scored 18 and eight in the league respectively. A good performance from both players would give Everton an even better chance in this cup tie.
Meanwhile, the Toffees could further improve their chances by strengthening a defence that has conceded 26 league goals at home. Everton's squad has talented defenders in Phil Jagielka, John Stones, Leighton Baines and Séamus Coleman; if manager Roberto Martínez can bring them together as a unit, it will help the team to repel Chelsea's attack.
It appears that Everton's potential has earned them respect among the bookies. Winner Sports has priced Everton at 31/20 to win in 90 minutes, while Chelsea are available at 13/8. The event of a draw is worth 5/2 to punters.
Chelsea have already had two memorable encounters with Everton this season. After losing 3-1 at Goodison Park in September, the Blues struck late in their January rematch to salvage a 3-3 draw at Stamford Bridge. For this next meeting, interim manager Guus Hiddink has to encourage a defence that conceded six goals in two games against the Toffees.
Since their 3-3 draw, however, Chelsea have shown signs of defensive improvement by not conceding more than two goals in any competition. Over that period, Chelsea have not lost a game where they've let in one goal or fewer. Only a Champions League collapse against PSG on Wednesday night would end that record before facing Everton.
Nevertheless, Hiddink does need to think about his defence, considering that club captain John Terry could miss both games this week with a hamstring injury. His absence, at a time when fellow defender Kurt Zouma is out with a long-term knee injury, will likely see Branislav Ivanović continue to play at centre-back, like he did in the 1-1 draw with Stoke City.
The Stoke game was also notable for how Hiddink used John Obi Mikel and Nemanja Matić in central midfield. Both are defensively minded and can give Chelsea's more creative players the freedom they need to attack Everton. Willian and Pedro could show striker Diego Costa greater support with two anchormen behind them.
Winner Sports has made Chelsea 13/8 to win in 90 minutes, but the tense nature of the FA Cup could raise the prospect of extra time. If this happens, it will please the punters who picked a team to qualify instead. Those who back Chelsea can get odds of 1/2, while those who choose to support Everton can get 27/20.
Winner Sports has many more betting markets in this game. Betting under 0.5 goals in the first half at 19/10 could work out well if both teams are tense in those 45 minutes. A similar option would be to pick the second half at 10/11 to have more goals.
Come the weekend, other betting markets will open up, including the player markets. Costa's return of eight goals since January could make him an option to score first or at any time. Lukaku could also be a good option for those markets, considering he has scored four in his last five games.
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Saturday 19th January. Hitachi Europe Head Office at Whitebrook Park, Lower Cookham Road, Maidenhead, SL6 8YA. 3-round McMahon tournament. Time limit 60 minutes plus overtime of 30 stones in 5 minutes. Flexible komi with players bidding to play black. Registration by 10:00. Supported by Hitachi Europe Ltd. Contact Eddie Best. B BOOKS
Saturday 9th February. Frodsham Community Centre, Fluin Lane, Frodsham, Cheshire, WA6 7QN. 3-round open (top 8 players) and 5-round handicap. Registration by 10:30. Prize-giving by 18:30. Contact Tony Atkins. B / C BOOKS
Saturday 16th February. 3-round McMahon tournament. St. Edmund Hall, Queens Lane, Oxford, OX1 4AR 3-round McMahon tournament. 50 minutes time limit with 30 moves in 5 minutes overtime. Registration by 09:45. Contact Ryan Llothian B SHOP
Friday 29th February (see below).
Friday 29th February–Sunday 2nd March. Teachers Club, 36 Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland. Friday evening: Irish Rapid Play. Saturday and Sunday: Irish Open, 5 round McMahon tournament. 60 minutes time limit with 15 moves in 5 minutes overtime. A Tournament in the Pandanet Go European Cup. Contact Olivier Deme. A BOOKS
Saturday 8th March. 3-round McMahon tournament. The University Centre, Granta Place, Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RU. 3 round McMahon tournament. 1 hour time limits and 40 moves in 3 minutes overtime. Registration by 10:45. Prize-giving by 18:45. Novices' (below 20 kyu) training 10:30-13:00 and tournament 14:00-16:00 Contact Alex Selby for Trigantius. Contact Graham Philips for Novices'. B BOOKS
Sunday 16th March. King Edward VI Aston School, Frederick Road, Aston, Birmingham, B6 6DJ Youth titles at U8, U10, U12, U14, U16 and U18 will be contested, in addition to the titles of overall British Youth Champion and British Schools Team Champions. A mixture of even and handicap games. Beginners and those new to the game will be made particularly welcome. Contact Mike Lynn. C BK
Sunday 23rd March. This affects the dates of events like the British Open.
Monday 24th March 2008. Burpham Village Hall, Guildford. Steve Bailey
Friday 4th - Sunday 6th April 2008. Horntye Park Sports Complex, Bohemia Road, Hastings, East Sussex TN34 1EX. 6 round British Open Tournament. 50 minutes time limit with 30 moves in 5 minutes overtime. Registration Saturday 09:00-10:00. Round 4 Sunday 09:15. Prize giving 17:00. British Lightning on Friday evening from 19:00 (registration 18:15-18:45). BGA AGM on Saturday evening at 18:30. B BOOKS
Saturday 5th April 2008. Bridge Club, Galway, Ireland. 3 round McMahon tournament. Claas Roever
Monday 7th April - Sunday 4th May 2008. To be held online on KGS. 4 round McMahon tournament. One game per week. Open to UK university/college students. Contact Edwin Brady.
Saturday 12th April Nippon Club, London. 3 or 4 rounds (40 or 30 mins) depending on number of teams. Contact Jonathan Turner
Saturday 26th April. Library and Science Concourse, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL. 3 round McMahon tournament. 1 hour time limits and 30 moves in 5 minutes overtime. Registration by 10:00. Prize-giving by 18:30. Contact David Buckley B
Saturday 3rd May - Monday 5th May 2008. Selwyn College, Grange Road, Cambridge, CB3 9DQ. Directions. For qualifiers only (all British players with rating above 1899 from a tournament in 2007). 6 round Swiss tournament. 90 minutes time limit with 20 moves in 5 minutes overtime. Registration 09:15 - 10:00. Each day, rounds at 10:00 and 14:15. Lunch/Brunch available in Selwyn cafeteria 12:45-13:30 Saturday and Monday /11:30-12:30 Sunday. Entry fee depends on the number of entrants (probably less than £15). Contact the championships organiser to enter before midday on 30th April. BC A
Sunday 4th May 2008. Trinity College, Cambridge, CB2 1TQ. 5 round McMahon tournament for kyu players only. 35 minutes time limit with no overtime. Registration by 09:30. Finish 17:30. Contact Jonathan Medlock 5 Bourne Road, Cambridge, CB4 1UF 01223 395550. C
Sunday 18th May 2008. Woosehill Community Centre, Emmview Close, Wokingham, RG41 3DA. 3 round McMahon tournament. 60 minutes time limit with 30 moves in 5 minutes overtime. Also afternoon Novices' Tournament. Registration by 10:00. Prizegiving 18:45. Contact bracknell B BOOKS
Saturday 24th May - Sunday 25th May 2008. Small board rapid on evening of 23rd May. Mason's Hall, 7 Artillery Lane, Dundee, DD1 1PE. 6 round McMahon. Contact Pete Clinch A BOOKS
Sunday 8th June. Foxcombe Lodge Hotel, Boars Hill, Oxford, OX1 5DP. A tournament for teams of one male and one female who play alternately with no conferring. The top 8 pairs play for the title. Remaining pairs play in the handicap section. Contact Francis Roads.
Saturday 14th–Sunday 15th June. St John's College, Durham, DH1 3RJ. 6 Round McMahon with 45 minutes time limit and 40 stones in 5 minutes Canadian overtime. Contact Durham Go Club or Jenny Radcliffe 07789 724501. B BOOKS
Saturday 21st–Sunday 22nd June. Min-Y-Mor Hotel, The Promenade, Barmouth, LL42 1HW Registration by 12:30 Saturday. Prize-giving 15:30 Sunday. 5-round McMahon tournament. 50 minutes time limit with overtime of 20 stones in 5 minutes. Contact Tony Pitchford. B BOOKS
Friday 27th–Monday 30th June. Nippon Club Salon, 2nd floor, Samuel House, 6 St Albans Street [off Jermyn Street], London SW1Y 4SQ. League for qualifiers from the Candidates' Tournament. The time limits are 105 minutes main time, 15 moves in 5 minutes Canadian overtime. Games start at 10:00 and 14:30 each day. For full details of the rules, see the 'BC' link below. The entry fee is £25 per player. Contact the championships organiser. Emergency contact during tournament: 07890 998884 BC A
Sunday 6th July. From 11:00 to 16:00 Milton Community Centre, Coles Road, Milton, Cambridge, CB24 6BL For schools that have entered the UK Go Challenge and children who could not play in a heat.
Saturday 19th July. The Ebbisham Centre, 6–7 The Derby Square, Epsom, Surrey, KT19 8AG. Generous sponsorship thanks to Stephen and Vicky Streater. Three round McMahon; 60 mins per player (no overtime). Entry by 09:30; Registration by 09:45. Prize Giving 17:35. Contact Yvonne Margetts B BOOKS
Saturday 16th – Monday 25th August 2008. Royal Horticultural Halls, Victoria, London, SW1P 2QD. Various Go events listed below.
Saturday 16th August. Royal Horticultural Halls, Victoria, London, SW1P 2QD. 09:30 to 17:45. 5-round Handicap. 25 mins + 60 in 5 overtime. Entry fee £16 (Juniors £12) after 5th August add £5. C
Sunday 17th – Friday 22nd August 2008. Cherry Orchard Aparthotel, Bridson Street, Port Erin, Isle of Man. 5-round Open McMahon tournament. Other events: Afternoon, Rengo, Die Hard, Handicap, 13x13, Continuous Lightning Tournaments, plus Social events (Quiz, Steam Train Excursion, Music, Buffet and Prizegiving). Match v USA. Several accommodation options available. Supported by Isle of Man government. Contact Leo Phillips A/B BK
Sunday 24th August. Royal Horticultural Halls, Victoria, London, SW1P 2QD. 14:00 to 17:45. 13x13 boards. Double elimination then handicap games for British Title. Entry fee £8 (Juniors £8) no late entry fee.
Monday 25th August. Royal Horticultural Halls, Victoria, London, SW1P 2QD. 09:30 to 17:45. 4-round McMahon. 40 mins + 30 in 5 overtime. Entry fee £16 (Juniors £12) no late entry fee. B
Sunday 7th September. Stockport Masonic Guildhall, 169 Wellington Road South, Stockport, SK1 3UA. Large car park at rear, near to public transport links. 3-round McMahon. Registration 09:45 to 10:00. Contact Chris Kirkham or register by phoning 0161 9039023 between 19:00 and 21:00 weekdays after 25th August or between 14:00 and 21:00 on 6th September. B BOOKS
Saturday 13th September and Sunday 14th September. The Yacht Inn, The Promenade, Penzance, TR18 4AU, tel. 01736 362787. Handicap Tournament takes place on Saturday. Registration by 13:30. Open Tournament takes place Sunday. 3-round McMahon. Registration by 09:45. Buffet lunch. Prize giving 18:30. Contact John Culmer B
Sunday 21st September. Even Swindon Community Centre, Old School, Jennings Street, Swindon, SN2 2BG. 3-round McMahon Tournament. 60 minutes time limit + overtime. Registration by 10:15. Prize giving 18:15. Preferably by email or mail to Paul Barnard (for email see club page) 16 Braemar Close, Swindon, SN3 1HY, but phone entries will also be accepted on 01793 692408 evenings before 21:30. B BOOKS
Sunday 28th September. Norfolk Arms Hotel, High Street, Arundel, West Sussex BN18 9AB. 3-round McMahon Tournament. 60 minutes time limit sudden death. Registration by 10:15. Prize giving by 18:30. Contact Sue Paterson B
Saturday 4th October. The Gateway Centre, Chester Street, Shrewsbury, SY1 1NB. 3-round McMahon tournament. 60 minutes per round plus overtime. Registration by 10:45; prize giving by 19:00. All entries will be acknowledged with details of Shrewsbury's hotels and attractions. Contact Gerry Mills B BOOKS
Sunday 12th October. The Old Lecture Theatre, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA. 3-round McMahon tournament. 60 minutes time limit with 30 moves in 5 minutes overtime. Note: No lunch provided Registration by 10:15. Prizing giving 19:00. Contact Bill Brakes B BOOKS
Sunday 19th October. Nippon Club, Samuel House, 6 St Albans Street, London, SW1Y 4SQ (near Piccadilly Circus). Registration 10:00-10:30; prize giving before 18:00. Contact Jonathan Turner
Sunday 26th October. St. Mark's Community Centre, St. Mark's Road, Bath BA2 4PA. 3-round McMahon tournament. 60 minutes per round plus overtime. Registration by 9:45 GMT; prize giving about 18:00. Contact Paul Christie B
Saturday 8th November. Wanstead House, 21 The Green, Wanstead, London E11 2NT. 4-round McMahon tournament. 50 minutes time limit without overtime. Registration by 9:30; prize giving 18:00. Contact Ken Kneller B
Saturday 8th November and Sunday 9th November. The Old Station Inn, Brackenber Lane, Giggleswick, Settle, Yorkshire BD24 0EA. Accommodation available at the inn: call on 01729-823623. Venue is next to Giggleswick Station and 1 mile from Settle on A65 Settle Bypass. 5-round McMahon tournament. Early entries welcome (£10 + concessions). Registration by 13:00 Saturday. On the day entries not accepted. Contact Bob Bagot B
Saturday 22nd November. The National Space Centre, Exploration Drive, Leicester, LE4 5NS. 3-round McMahon Tournament. 60 minutes time limit with overtime. Registration by 09:45. Prize giving by 18:15. Contact Peter Fisher B BOOKS
Saturday 6th December 2008. Burpham Village Hall, Burpham Lane, Guildford, GU4 7LP. Small groups of high or low kyu players get personal training from Dan players. Come along and get stronger instantly! Then test yourself at the tournament the next day. Tuition fees have been reduced thanks to BingoLotto support. Registration by 10:30. End 16:45. Contact Pauline Bailey. BK
Sunday 7th December 2008. Burpham Village Hall, Burpham Lane, Guildford, GU4 7LP. 4-round Handicap tournament. Registration by 10:15. Prizegiving 18:55. Contact Pauline Bailey. BOOKS
Saturday 13th December. Quaker Meeting House, 7 Victoria Terrace, Edinburgh, EH1 2JL. 4-round McMahon tournament, kyu players and shodans only. 45 minutes time limit with 30 moves in 5 minutes overtime. Includes qualifying for Scottish Championship. Registration by 09:45. Prizegiving 18:00. Contact Donald MacLeod BOOKS B
Sunday 28th–Wednesday 31st December 2008. 7-round McMahon tournament. 90 minutes time limit with 20 moves in 5 minutes overtime. A Pandanet Major in the Pandanet Go European Cup. Contact Geoff Kaniuk. BOOKS A