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Minneapolis Solid Waste & Recycling recommends that you leave grass clippings on your lawn to decompose rather than bagging them. This practice, is known as grasscycling, results in a healthier, less maintenance lawn.
Ten Common Questions About Grasscycling
1. First I couldn't put my grass clippings in the garbage, now I'm supposed to leave them on the lawn. Why?
Grass clippings contain valuable nutrients that your lawn needs to grow. Throwing them in a landfill was expensive and a waste of landfill space. State law banned grass clippings from landfills and incinerators in 1990 in the metro area.
Unfortunately, about half the yard trimmings set out for collection in Minneapolis are grass clippings. That means we spend nearly a million dollars a year just collecting grass clippings – grass clippings that could enrich our lawns.
2. Is it good for the grass to leave the clippings on the lawn?
Yes. Remember, your lawn is a garden of grass plants, not a rug, and it needs nutrients to grow. Grass clippings left on the lawn will eventually decompose and recycle nutrients back into the soil. Leaving the clippings on the lawn for a whole year is equal to about one annual fertilizer application. In addition, leaving the grass clippings on the lawn also helps shade the soil, keeping the roots cooler and reducing moisture loss.
3. Won't my lawn be drowning in grass clippings after a while?
Not if you mow often enough. Short grass clippings – an inch or less in length – decompose quickly. During the spring and early summer you will probably have to mow more than once a week. Your grass will also benefit from more frequent mowing. Removing more than one-third of the grass plant when you mow leaves the grass less resistant to disease and the stress of hot summer weather.
4. Doesn't this mean I'm going to have to spend more time mowing?
Not necessarily, you might even spend less time mowing. Lawns mowed at the proper height with a sharp blade will mow quickly and easily, and you won't be stopping to empty the bagger into bags and hauling the bags to your curb or alley. Remember, you also "spend time" at your job working to pay for bags, and fertilizer. Don't forget this when determining how "long" it takes you to bag the grass clippings.
5. That sounds fine except in spring when I fertilize and the lawn grows like crazy. What do I do then?
Over fertilizing in the spring can result in rapid grass growth and a less healthy lawn. Apply about 1/3 of your annual fertilizer in the spring and 2/3 in the late summer and fall. Fertilizing in the late summer and fall will help build up the roots for a healthier lawn and reduce the rapid spring growth. Using a fertilizer which releases nitrogen more slowly can also reduce rapid spring growth.
6. Don't I need one of the new mulching mowers I heard about?
The new mulching mowers do a nice job of chopping up the grass clippings, but you don't need a new mower, just follow the instructions in #3 above.
7. Can I use any mower to leave the clippings on the lawn?
Some mowers are unsafe to operate if you just remove the bagger. Check your owners manual or talk to an authorized dealer before removing any bagger. In some cases, an adapter kit is required. Be safe and check it out.
8. Should I ever collect my grass clippings?
In some situations collecting the clippings makes sense:
- If the grass is too long or wet, the grass clippings can clump and damage the lawn.
- If your lawn is diseased, removing the clippings may help reduce the level of disease.
- If your mower is unsafe to use without a bagger, collect the clippings.
9. What else can I do with my grass clippings if I have to collect them?
Grass clippings can be used for weed control. Place a layer of grass clippings one to two inches deep on top of the soil around garden plants, flowers, shrubs or trees. This is called mulching. Not only will mulching hold down weeds, but it will also keep moisture in the soil. Don't use more than an inch or two because you'll reduce the flow of air and water to the soil. As the grass clippings decompose, they will enrich the soil.
Grass clippings can also be used in composting. Grass clippings added to other garden plants or leaves will help speed up the composting process. Adding a large amount of grass clippings to your compost bin at one time may require more frequent turning to prevent odor problems. Call Minneapolis Recycling at (612) 673-2917 for a free brochure on how to compost at home.
10. What if I have been spraying my lawn with a broadleaf weed killer?
The best choice is to leave the grass clippings on the lawn. A second choice would be to compost the clippings. In a properly managed compost pile, herbicide residues should break down during the composting process. To avoid harm to your plants, wait 3 to 4 weeks after applying a weed killer before using grass clippings as mulch.
Before you use a weed killer, consider that weeds are opportunists. A weak, thin growing lawn is an open door for weedy plants to move in and get established. Healthy grass that is properly mowed, fertilized, and watered will out compete many of our common lawn weeds.
For more information regarding grasscycling, visit the UMN Extension's webpage.
Last updated Jul 2, 2018


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| 6.2°C Belfast
Anti-fracking demonstrators will go to court today to oppose being evicted from their protest camp outside a drilling site.
Corporate giants Peel Investments have applied for possession of their land at Barton Moss in Salford, Greater Manchester, where around 60 protesters have set up camp.
The land is being leased to IGas, a firm carrying out exploratory drilling to see if gas extraction by fracking can be done there.
But since November anti-fracking groups have gathered in protest, disrupting work being done at the site with police making a series of arrests for public order offences.
Police say patrolling the site has cost taxpayers at least £700,000.
Peel, a giant real estate company, served notice to the protesters, handing out letters at the camp a fortnight ago, saying they were going to the High Court in Manchester in a bid to have them removed for trespass once and for all.
Katharine Holland QC, for Peel, told the hearing on February 21, the right to peaceful protest did not override the firm's right to recover possession of the land it owns.
But Lindsay Johnson, acting for the protesters, successfully argued they should be given more time to prepare a defence case to contest the eviction, citing potential breaches of their Human Rights.
Judge David Hodge QC granted the adjournment and will hear the eviction hearing today.
Barton Moss, on the outskirts of Salford, is one of a number of sites across the UK where fracking is being done.
Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is a method to extract shale gas from rocks using water and chemicals under high pressure.
While the Government says it is a new energy source with potential to create jobs and wealth, opponents say it will damage the environment.

subset: commoncrawl


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There is much to be said about the riots in Britain. And as usual most of it is not said in the mainstream media. So I thought I give you three pieces that are to the point and that give you some perspective of the latest riots. The focus is on the example and behaviour set by the political class/elites. And why we should not be surprised that "things" like these happen.
And I finish with medias role in this.
The Bullingdon Club
"Things got out of hand & we'd had a few drinks. We smashed the place up and Boris set fire to the toilets."
David Cameron (Prime Minister and leader of the conservative party) recalls his time at Oxford speaking in 1986. And the Boris Johnson he is talking about is the present Mayor of London.
Nice gang wouldn't you say?
(My bold and underline)
An Open Letter to David Cameron's Parents
"An Open Letter to David Cameron's Parents
August 10, 2011
Dear Mr & Mrs Cameron,
Why did you never take the time to teach your child basic morality?
As a young man, he was in a gang that regularly smashed up private property. We know that you were absent parents who left your child to be brought up by a school rather than taking responsibility for his behaviour yourselves. The fact that he became a delinquent with no sense of respect for the property of others can only reflect that fact that you are terrible, lazy human beings who failed even in teaching your children the difference between right and wrong. I can only assume that his contempt for the small business owners of Oxford is indicative of his wider values.
Even worse, your neglect led him to fall in with a bad crowd.
There's Michael Gove, whose wet-lipped rage was palpable on Newsnight last night. This is the Michael Gove who confused one of his houses with another of his houses in order to avail himself of £7,000 of the taxpayers' money to which he was not entitled (or £13,000, depending on which house you think was which).
Or Hazel Blears, who was interviewed in full bristling peahen mode for almost all of last night. She once forgot which house she lived in, and benefited to the tune of £18,000. At the time she said it would take her reputation years to recover. Unfortunately not.
But, of course, this is different. This is just understandable confusion over the rules of how many houses you are meant to have as an MP. This doesn't show the naked greed of people stealing plasma tellies.
Unless you're Gerald Kaufman, who broke parliamentary rules to get £8,000 worth of 40-inch, flat screen, Bang and Olufsen TV out of the taxpayer.
Or Ed Vaizey, who got £2,000 in antique furniture 'delivered to the wrong address'. Which is fortunate, because had that been the address they were intended for, that would have been fraud.
Or Jeremy Hunt, who broke the rules to the tune of almost £20,000 on one property and £2,000 on another. But it's all right, because he agreed to pay half of the money back. Not the full amount, it would be absurd to expect him to pay back the entire sum that he took and to which he was not entitled. No, we'll settle for half. And, as in any other field, what might have been considered embezzlement of £22,000 is overlooked. We know, after all, that David Cameron likes to give people second chances.
Fortunately, we have the Met Police to look after us. We'll ignore the fact that two of its senior officers have had to resign in the last six weeks amid suspicions of widespread corruption within the force.
We'll ignore Andy Hayman, who went for champagne dinners with those he was meant to be investigating, and then joined the company on leaving the Met.
Of course, Mr and Mrs Cameron, your son is right. There are parts of society that are not just broken, they are sick. Riddled with disease from top to bottom.
Just let me be clear about this (It's a good phrase, Mr and Mrs Cameron, and one I looted from every sentence your son utters, just as he looted it from Tony Blair), I am not justifying or minimising in any way what has been done by the looters over the last few nights. What I am doing, however, is expressing shock and dismay that your son and his friends feel themselves in any way to be guardians of morality in this country.
Can they really, as 650 people who have shown themselves to be venal pygmies, moral dwarves at every opportunity over the last 20 years, bleat at others about 'criminality'. Those who decided that when they broke the rules (the rules they themselves set) they, on the whole wouldn't face the consequences of their actions?
Are they really surprised that this country's culture is swamped in greed, in the acquisition of material things, in a lust for consumer goods of the most base kind? Really?
Let's have a think back: cash-for-questions; Bernie Ecclestone; cash-for-access; Mandelson's mortgage; the Hinduja passports; Blunkett's alleged insider trading (and, by the way, when someone has had to resign in disgrace twice can we stop having them on television as a commentator, please?); the meetings on the yachts of oligarchs; the drafting of the Digital Economy Act with Lucian Grange; Byers', Hewitt's & Hoon's desperation to prostitute themselves and their positions; the fact that Andrew Lansley (in charge of NHS reforms) has a wife who gives lobbying advice to the very companies hoping to benefit from the NHS reforms. And that list didn't even take me very long to think of.
Our politicians are for sale and they do not care who knows it.
Oh yes, and then there's the expenses thing. Widescale abuse of the very systems they designed, almost all of them grasping what they could while they remained MPs, to build their nest egg for the future at the public's expense. They even now whine on Twitter about having their expenses claims for getting back to Parliament while much of the country is on fire subject to any examination. True public servants.
The last few days have revealed some truths, and some heartening truths. The fact that the #riotcleanup crews had organised themselves before David Cameron even made time for a public statement is heartening. The fact that local communities came together to keep their neighbourhoods safe when the police failed is heartening. The fact that there were peace vigils being organised (even as the police tried to dissuade people) is heartening.
There is hope for this country. But we must stop looking upwards for it. The politicians are the ones leading the charge into the gutter.
David Cameron was entirely right when he said: "It is a complete lack of responsibility in parts of our society, people allowed to think that the world owes them something, that their rights outweigh their responsibilities, and that their actions do not have consequences."
He was more right than he knew.
And I blame the parents."
Cartoon by Peter Nicholson Source: The Australian
British rioters the spawn of a bankrupt ruling elite
"British rioters the spawn of a bankrupt ruling elite
Theodore Dalrymple,August 11, 201112:00AM
THE riots in London and elsewhere in Britain are a backhanded tribute to the long-term intellectual torpor, moral cowardice, incompetence and careerist opportunism of the British political and intellectual class.
They have somehow managed not to notice what has long been apparent to anyone who has taken a short walk with his eyes open down any frequentedBritish street: that a considerable proportion of the country's young population (a proportion that is declining) is ugly, aggressive, vicious, badly educated, uncouth and criminally inclined.
Unfortunately, while it is totally lacking in self-respect, it is full of self-esteem: that is to say, it believes itself entitled to a high standard of living, and other things, without any effort on its own part.
Consider for a moment the following: although youth unemployment in Britainis very high, that is to say about 20 per cent of those aged under 25, the country has had to import young foreign labour for a long time, even for unskilled work in the service sector.
The reasons for this seeming paradox are obvious to anyone who knows young Britons as I do.
No sensible employer in a service industry would choose a young Briton if he could have a young Pole; the young Pole is not only likely to have a good work ethic and refined manners, he is likely to be able to add up and — most humiliating of all — to speak better English than the Briton, at least if by that we mean the standard variety of the language. He may not be more fluent but his English will be more correct and his accent easier to understand.
This is not an exaggeration. After compulsory education (or perhaps I should say intermittent attendance at school) up to the age of 16 costing $80,000 a head, about one-quarter of British children cannot read with facility or do simple arithmetic. It makes you proud to be a British taxpayer.
I think I can say with a fair degree of certainty, from my experience as a doctor in one of the areas in which a police station has just been burned down, that half of those rioting would reply to the question, "Can you do arithmetic?" by answering, "What is arithmetic?"
British youth leads the Western world in almost all aspects of social pathology, from teenage pregnancy to drug taking, from drunkenness to violent criminality. There is no form of bad behaviour that our version of the welfare state has not sought out and subsidised.
British children are much likelier to have a television in their bedroom than a father living at home. One-third of them never eat a meal at a table with another member of their household — family is not the word for the social arrangements of the people in the areas from which the rioters mainly come. They are therefore radically unsocialised and deeply egotistical, viewing relations with other human beings in the same way as Lenin: Who whom, who does what to whom. By the time they grow up, they are destined not only for unemployment but unemployability.
For young women in much ofBritain, dependence does not mean dependence on the government: that, for them, is independence. Dependence means any kind of reliance on the men who have impregnated them who, of course, regard their own subventions from the state as pocket money, to be supplemented by a little light trafficking. (According to his brother, Mark Duggan, the man whose death at the hands of the probably incompetent police allegedly sparked the riots, "was involved in things", which things being delicately left to the imagination of his interlocutor.)
Relatively poor as the rioting sector of society is, it nevertheless possesses all the electronic equipment necessary for the prosecution of the main business of life; that is to say, entertainment by popular culture. And what a culture British popular culture is!
Perhaps Amy Winehouse was its finest flower and its truest representative in her militant and ideological vulgarity, her stupid taste, her vile personal conduct and preposterous self-pity.
Her sordid life was a long bath in vomitus, literal and metaphorical, for which the exercise of her very minor talent was no excuse or explanation. Yet not a peep of dissent from our intelllectual class was heard after her near canonisation after her death, that class having long had the backbone of a mollusc.
Criminality is scarcely repressed any more in Britain. The last lord chief justice but two thought that burglary was a minor offence, not worthy of imprisonment, and the next chief justice agreed with him.
By the age of 12, an ordinary slum-dweller has learned he has nothing to fear from the law and the only people to fear are those who are stronger or more ruthless than he.
Punishments are derisory; the police are simultaneously bullying but ineffectual and incompetent, increasingly dressed in paraphernalia that makes them look more like the occupiers of Afghanistan than the force imagined by Robert Peel. The people who most fear our police are the innocent.
Of course, none of this reduces the personal responsibility of the rioters. But the riots are a manifestation of a society in full decomposition, of a people with neither leaders nor followers but composed only of egotists."
Corrupt and decaying from top to bottom
August 10, 2011
"Well, I think we can finally say that social welfarism has utterly failed as a project. The case made to me was that welfare, if nothing else, stopped the great unwashed rioting and looting on the streets. This week demonstrates fairly well that it doesn't even do that.
We have a state school system producing kids who couldn't and won't get a job and a wider population who thinks the Easter Bunny will pay for their retirement, housing and day to day needs. Meanwhile, thanks to the cultural gas chambers we laughingly call schools, British business would rather not employ Brits if there is an alternative.
We have a justice system that serves only itself and its welfare clients, while occasionally slapping down the odd tax payer to ensure their obedience to the state. It is a system that works for the perpetrator, not the victim.
And who are these kids tearing down our cities? It is said they are the disenfranchised who have no stake in "our society". Kids who feel there is no reason to comply with the basic rules of civil society because it does not pay dividends. Their obedience is required, but for what?
There's a kid I know who has not had a proper job in over ten year years. I say kid because, for all that he is a grown man, he has remained kid by way of remaining a client of the state. Cosseted with a head full of silly notions about where money comes from, and all that he is "entitled" to. The reason I continue to help him is because he has not yet given up. He still wants a job and has not resorted to criminality.
He is one of the rare ones who, every week, goes walking round the industrial estates asking for work, applying for anything he can find. But he has no skills. He has nothing to offer them. He has no work experience of value, no qualifications of value and very little natural ability.
What makes him different from the rest of his generation is his willingness to find work. I think most by now would have quit looking and found a way onto the incapacity benefit system. And after ten years of ceaseless heartbreak, I wouldn't blame him, and I would actually support such a move.
The continual humiliation of going round and round inside the welfare system, a mere statistic in a creaking bureaucracy, fighting for a pittance that makes the difference between starving or not, erodes the soul. To be routinely told you have nothing of value to offer, even if that's true, cannot be good.
And what has government done in this regard. They have fed him on false hopes. He has been round the system, on this or that training course and placement scheme. His list of "qualifications" is now longer than some graduates I know. But these "qualifications" are a contrivance of government, neither useful to, nor demanded by business.
The kid has what is known as a European "Computer Driving Licence" without possessing any marketable computer skills. The course is useless, the material is easy and all that is served by it is a fat cheque from the government to the public and private bodies who award such junk.
This all at a time when public spending was at an all time high. We have to face the simple fact that it doesn't work. Throwing money at the problem simply perpetuates it.
Abandoned by his parents and abandoned by the school system to become just another human life on the scrapheap before it has even begun. I have done what I can to help with remedial education but you can't deprogramme all that sense of entitlement. That lesson has to be taught first hand. But it will probably never happen for him.
You could certainly say he has no stake in society. He is certainly "disenfranchised". Thanks to the mechanisms of the state and his background (generational welfare), his fate was sealed early on. He has every right to be angry and frustrated, which indeed he is, but he is not out looting this week.
He has always, with the intervention of friends and distant family, known the difference between right and wrong. He has been known to shoplift the odd tin of beans on the odd occasion when a giro has not gone as far as feeding him. Anyone who has been on the dole long enough, with no family to speak of, would probably confess to likewise. Who of us would not?
What keeps him from rioting is the hope that eventually something will come up, that he will get a break in life. He is perhaps more optimistic than I would be. All evidence suggest that he will not. Especially not now we're looking down the barrel of a global market meltdown.
But for every one of him who does know the difference between right and wrong, there is evidently a legion that does not. Or maybe does, but does not care. Obedience will bring them nothing but a miserable, unhealthy, unproductive life. One could even say my young friend is dumb, expecting that he will get somewhere pegging his hopes on the system he finds himself in.
We have just enjoyed ten years of unprecedented wealth and opportunity, but for most of these kids, those opportunities weren't available to them, not speaking Polish being one of the many reasons. All we have done by maintaining a welfare underclass is subsidise a pressure cooker that is now blowing its top. Much like the banking crisis, we have thrown money at a problem to delay the inevitable, only to feel the consequences much harder later on.
After decades learning bit by bit that petty crime is tolerated and they can get away with it, that underclass is now probing the system to see what else they can get away with. The answer is: a lot. This is simply all our chickens coming home to roost. Welfarism, a useless police force, a court system whose moral compass is spinning round faster than ride at Alton Towers, and state school system which at its very best is unfit for purpose.
While that is obvious to most, the statists are fighting for their agenda. They cannot allow the liberation of the poor. The poor are their livelihoods, their clients, their power base. And so the Left must present it in terms of social division. There are vested interests who, once again are trying to make this about race.
We must not allow them to succeed. These are black and white and Asian kids. They are all victims of the state welfare system. If we allow this to become a race debate as we have the last few times, we will simply get more of the same: more red tape for the police, more equality surveys, more outreach workers and more ghettoisation.
The race riots of decades past are no different to these riots in some senses. They are also the result of state mechanisms not only allowing, but facilitating ghettoisation of society, if not by race and faith, then by class. I have always said that if you subsidise poverty, you will always have poverty. We need to stop it. Welfare at best needs to be a temporary lifeline, not a lifetime habit.
But in amongst the disorder, we also see mass larceny by people with full time jobs. Opportunistic theft by supposedly respectable people. Are we a society in moral decline? Were we ever of high moral fibre? We like to think we are more civilised than other countries because of the values we teach. But we're not. Order is kept because most people live under the illusion that they will be caught if they do bad things. Now they've worked out they won't be. This theft is brazen and is done with impunity.
We know from experience the police will not investigate, let alone catch thieves on a day to day basis. There is no reason to think this will be any different when the lid has blown off the pressure cooker. There was a time when the police would come to a crime scene and take fingerprints (this was my earliest memory of a police encounter), this in the days before super computers.
Now, for all the police resources they will simply turn up, give you a crime number and refer you to your insurance company. Consequently insurance premiums drive up costs for everyone.
The police have largely abdicated from routine police work. They have virtually given up on enforcing narcotics laws. Whatever your views on drugs, the law is the law. But now we have police making their own minds up about which laws to enforce. The law is so out of step with the people, and so unpopular, that if the police want to maintain a level of order, they have to decide which laws to uphold and which to ignore.
The law has made a mockery of itself. We have a law engine spewing out law after contradictory law. Not knowing which way to turn, enforcement becomes neglected in populist areas and so a quota or a crackdown to suit the political zeitgeist is launched resulting in knee-jerk unpopular policing. That is how we arrive here.
So again we draw the same conclusion: this is a crisis of politics. An establishment that does not know what it is for. But that is hardly surprising when that same establishment has abdicated government to other powers. The rot starts at the top. Our government is dysfunctional, without direction, without ambition, without guiding principles and is mired in the institutional larceny of the parasite class.
The immigration system is creaking, the roads are broken, our armed forces in complete disarray, the DVLA has lost the plot, Social Services are bandits, the welfare system is swamped and our energy grid is rapidly running toward rolling blackouts while parasitic corporates asset strip the country for everything it's worth. And what do we see in government? Children with their infantile preoccupations following one media bandwagon to the next, fire-hosing more borrowed money at problems they created.
Now the streets are littered with broken glass, and the burnt out husks of buildings still smoulder, we again ask what can government do? The answer is nothing. It has demonstrated beyond any doubt that it is incapable of taking grown-up, difficult decisions. Again, that is reflected in the wider population.
We are flat broke and yet we march to stop cuts. We praise the bravery of the police when they stand idly by while the criminals wreck our cities. We are a nation of infants under the illusion that only government can, or should, come to our aid.
Until we reject this notion, put government back in its place and ask the question of what government is actually for, we will be back here again and again. Government is not a creator of jobs or wealth. And nor should it be. In recent years it has been the biggest obstacle to jobs and wealth.
The only way the bulk of our youth can have a stake in society is if we create opportunities for them. We will not give them opportunities by confiscating wealth and redirecting it to the many foreign corporates who build government-mandated projects. Wealth must be left in the hands of those who earn it, to spend as they see fit and to care for those they find deserving.
But while our masters get fat off the proceeds of big government, it is not in their interests to introduce any meaningful reform. They need to subsidize the poor to secure their power base. If we want significant change we must throw the scraps from their table back at them, boycott government involvement in our lives and starve the beast. We must rid ourselves of them and start doing things for ourselves.
They do this to us because we let them. "
And this piece which in all its glaring clarity shows the absurdity of the mainstream media and their total PC view of the world. That is that certain facts, figures, etc. should never, ever be allowed to be mentioned or published, regardless of the circumstances.
And this has nothing to do if it's black, white, yellow, pink, green or whatever "color", race or sex, etc. it is. It is about the utter betrayal by journalists and the mainstream old media of their journalistic role, and of all that good and independent journalism was supposed to be.
Instead, the journalist and the media are pushing their political and social agenda.
We have seen this so many times, again and again. On this blog, I have written extensively about press and mass media and their role in this the greatest scientific and political scandal of modern times – the Global Warming Hysteria. And their willing participation in driving and promoting this hysteria.
AT THE SAME TIME, AS THESE MEDIA HAVE TAKEN AN ACTIVE PART in SUPPRESSING FACTS and IS CENSORING AND INTIMIDATING EVERYONE WHO HAS OPPOSED THIS HYSTERIA.
A truly "worthy" goal for the organizations and companies whose goal was supposed to protect and enhance freedom of speech and freedom of expression.
"Funniest interview ever on Sky. Female Sky reporter interviewing a white guy who has had his shops burned. He said to her , the arsonists/looters were all black. She said to him , you can't say that , there must have been white guys there as well. He thought about and then said , ok they were not all black , i was the only white guy there. Is that ok to say ?
This guy states this with a totally dead pan face without a hint of the pc faux pas.
She again corrects him and states nervously you just cant say they were all black , he responds , but they were i was there.
Unbelievable. The interview describes the state of our society in a nut shell."
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On this page you will find all of ACB's publications. To the right are the search categories that will help you navigate around the ACB's extensive work.
Who Owns Our Food Systems... Information sheets in English, Afrikaans, Sotho and Zulu
Click on a heading below and download an A4 information sheet in your preferred language.
Is our PAP safe?
Who owns our food system?
It is a matter of urgency that we break up these cartels that have South African consumers, especially the poorest of the poor, in a vice grip through control of our two staple foods ? maize and bread. South Africans eat about 28 billion loaves of bread and, on average, about 100kg of maize and maize-related products each year ?
AGRA's scandalous subsidisation of big fertiliser, financial and agribusiness corporations in Africa
In a scandalous move of skulduggery, the African Fertiliser and Agribusiness Partnership (AFAP), under the guise of empowering smallholder farmers in Africa, is subsidising multinational fertiliser and financial corporations on African soil. Other beneficiaries of this scheme are the global grain trading and food processing giants.
Railroading African governments into adopting ARIPO PVP Protocol based on UPOV 1991: AFSA appeals to ARIPO member states for postponement of diplomatic conference and for urgent consultations with smallholder farmers
AFSA attended a Regional Workshop on the ARIPO PVP Protocol, 29-31 October 2014, in Harare Zimbabwe, where numerous technical and administrative flaws continue to characterise the process.
Acquisition of Africa?s SeedCo by Monsanto, Groupe Limagrain: Neo-colonial occupation of Africa?s seed systems
The Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA) is deeply concerned about the recent acquisitions by multi-national seed companies of large parts of SeedCo, one of Africa?s largest home-grown seed companies.
Resources transferred from small-scale farmers to multinational agribusinesses in Malawi's Green Revolution
The African Centre for Biosafety (ACB) has today released its research report based on field work conducted in Malawi, titled "Running to stand still: Small-scale farmers and the Green Revolution in Malawi." The research, conducted by the ACB in collaboration with the National Smallholder Farmers' Association of Malawi (NASFAM),
Running to Stand Still: Small-Scale Farmers and the Green Revolution in Malawi
According to ACB's lead researcher, Dr Stephen Greenberg, 'our research found that small-scale farmers are using shockingly high levels ofsynthetic fertilisers at great financial costs to themselves and the publicpurse. Rising soil infertility is a feature of farming systems reliant on synthetic fertiliser.
The political economy of Africa's burgeoning chemical fertiliser rush
The African Centre for Biosafety has today released an in-depth report, The Political Economy of Africa's burgeoning chemical fertiliser rush, which looks at the role of fertiliser in the Green Revolution push in Africa, some of the key present and future fertiliser trends on the continent and the major players involved in this.
Africa an El Dorado for South Africa's Agribusiness Giants
South African agribusinesses are aggressively expanding into Africa in search of profits from a relatively untapped consumer market with rising income levels and to escape the country's negative economic conditions.
Industry employing bullying tactics to scupper GM food labelling in South Africa
GM-Labeling-zebraThe Biotech industry continues to stall the implementation of a GMO labelling regime, claiming that only a "lunatic fringe" or a "European funded lobby" want it, despite government's clear intentions in the Consumer Protection Act to grant the consumer's right to know and to choose.
Peddling for Profits: Pioneer Hi-Bred's redundant rootworm-resistant GM maize coming soon to South Africa
In this briefing, we show how SA?s biosafety regulatory system favours profits over sound biosafety practise as the regulators have authorised field trials of a GM maize variety to combat a pest, the corn root worm that does not exist in SA at all and will not, for 100 years!!
Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa: Mmedia briefing - AFSA appeals to ARIPO, AU and UNECA for protection of farmers' rights & right to food
Addis Ababa The Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA), a Pan African platform comprising civil society networks and farmer organisations working towards food sovereignty in Africa, has today lodged an urgent appeal to the African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation (ARIPO), African Union and Uni
Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA) submission to ARIPO, AU and UNECA for urgent intervention in draft ARIPO Plant Variety Protection Protocol, in order to protect farmers' rights and the right to food.
Slavishly following UPOV 1991: A critique of Mozambique's PVP law
In this report, the ACB provides a critique of the Mozambique PVP law and concludes that the government of Mozambique has turned a blind eye to its small-scale farmers and their seed and farming systems.
AFSA Makes Small Gains for Farmers' Rights in Draft SADC PVP Protocol
AFSA members participated at a SADC Regional Workshop that took place 13-14 March 2014, in Johannesburg, South Africa. The aim of the workshop was to review the draft SADC PVP Protocol.
Below the belt, below the breadline - South Africa's inequitable and GM contaminated bread industry
The African Centre for Biosafety (ACB) has today brought into sharp focus the white bread industry in South Africa with the release of its new report "GM Contamination, Cartels and Collusion in South Africa's Bread Industry.' The report shows that the white bread tested contains high levels of Monsanto's genetically modified (GM) soya in the soy
GM Contamination, Cartels and Collusion in South Africa's Bread Industry
This briefing paper exposes the high levels of GM soya in South Africa's popular white bread brands and reveals how just four companies – Tiger Brands, Pioneer Foods, Premier Foods and Foodcorp control the Wheat-to-Bread value chain.
The Consumers Have a Right to say NO! No GMO in our Bread!
Dear CEO Pick n Pay Mr Richard Brasher CEO Spar Mr Wayne Hook CEO Shoprite/Checkers Dr.
AFSA strongly condemns sleight of hand moves by ARIPO to join UPOV 1991, bypass national laws and outlaw farmers' rights
PRESS RELEASE FROM ALLIANCE FOR FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN AFRICA Addis Ababa, Accra 3 April 2014 The Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA)1 strongly condemns the move by the African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation (ARIPO) to join UPOV 1991, which will effectively outlaw the centuries-old African f


text:
VonDoomCraft is a 128×128 horror themed texture pack with some scary custom mobs and an overall dark feel.
>Sees the creeper
>sh#ts self
>downloads pack
Yeah, Have you even noticed that the Zombie looks…. EURGH!!! But just think, what'll the spiders, Ghasts, Zombie Pigmen and other Scary Mobs gonna' look like??? What about the creepy crawlies like PiggyWiggys, Cowiewowies, Duckwuckies and sheepysleepys?? LOL
the pigs are terrible looking. but it still needs to give the creepy feeling.
I am going to get this LOL
This is so cool
Any way to brighten this up a bit? Like the idea!! Keep up the spooky mods
This t.p. looks so epic.Especially for those monster hunter yous!!
I'm not able to get this texture pack to work. I've followed the instructions which are given in the install guide to the right, but I can't seem to get it working. I've been able to install other packs but not this one. Any advice?
I think I know what the problem is: I haven't installed MCPatcher. How do I do this? I've followed the links given but just about each path sends me to pages with multiple pop ups and links to download things other than MCPatcher. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.
I downloaded MCPatcher 1.0.0r2 and after installing it (and I believe updating it, though I'm not sure I did because it still reads "1.0.0r2") I am able to play all the HD packs that I've downloaded except for the one I really want to play, which is, VonDoom. I'm not that experienced when it comes to computers (I usually just Google something to find out how it's done, which is how I found this Patcher "1.0.0r2"),so any help or advice would be great. Thanks.
I've re-downdoalded the pack and it still doesn't work. Whenever I try selecting the pack in the "Texture" menu it reverts to the "Default" pack.
Use Optifine! Then u dont need to install the tp with any kind of Patcher, because there is already a patcher in Optifine… how to install Optifine u can search on YouTube
sorry for gramma fails, im a german :P
Hey, thanks Voidl. I really appreciate your help and advice. Now my only issue is that most, if not all, are simply gray blurs. Can anyone help me with this? I downloaded Optifine and also Magic Launcher (because for easy installation it said to get it). I followed the instructions here
—> http://www.minecraftforum.net/topic/249637-125-optifine-hd-b1-fps-boost-hd-textures-aa-af-and-much-more/
(Instructions for installation is found about a quarter of the way down the page).
The texture pack looks awesome and I can't wait to play it; but without being able to see my items, it's almost unplayable :(
Did you download and install MC patcher???
maybe you didnt do it right (no offence) heres how i download my texture packs: download off the internet, log into minecraft, go to texture packs in minecraft, click on open texture packs folder, go to winRAR or whatever the other thingy is and find the texture pack that you downloaded, drag the texture pack to your minecraft textrue packs folder and BAM it appears on minecraft
Awesome pack so far! I just hope everything looks as good as it does now when it's finished.
Also more info, von doom doesnt even show up as an option in the game when I have the folder placed with the others.
i was excited to try this but it didnt let me open it in the texture pack files please fix it or delete this… i believe others would like to try this to…
im a fish and this is awesome
That's okay, I didn't need to sleep anyways. :)
Well, my only problem is with ALL of the Textures Packs that need MC Patcher. They don't work on my computer. My Father says who is a Computer Genious says that It's MC Patcher that's doing the trouble. Could anybody help me?
i like this texturepack
lol my minecraft crashed as soon as i selected the pack!
the creepers' face s so down
if the zombie is that scary then what will the ghast look like? ._.
im scared
I just downloaded this and I love it, but somethings up with the cobble stone and the 2nd half of the inventory. the rest is great!
The moon is… When I put on this texture pack the first thing I saw was the moon, and let me say, that is really something. I had to change to LoafCraft because I was too scared to stop hiding in my tree. VonDoomCraft is a brilliant texture pack, for sure. Brilliant, yet terrifying.
Reminds me of Castle Miner Z……… I will have to switch to something else in order to NOT be scared!
This is a really nice, dark texture pack. Any ETA on when it will be completed?
That Texture Pack Is So BEAST! The Zombies Always Scare Me :P
nice i trying to get but im scared just looking at zombie and creeper idk if ill be able to leave my house o.o
I would have loved this texture pack except it took minecraft literally FIVE minutes to load!
Nice texture, but it's a dark one. Which i'm not a fan of, But this one look's pretty great!
I fell off a cliff when i saw the Zombies and Creepers!!!
i fell in lava when i saw a creeper!!!!
I love this texture pack…..for the world and item textures. However, I can hardly read/see a thing on any of the interfaces. The text is so small and stylized. The backgrounds blend with the items a little too much. I'm glad it's still in beta because it means that this issue might be assuaged a bit.
You know, I'm concerned. When I get texture packs, I'm looking for more detail. (all the mobs, including tamed/mad dogs, The font, The weapons/tools/armor) I need better detail, to know if my computer will handle it. If you have any issues or problems, let me know.
I noticed it isn't finished…… But the redstone ore is really cool :)
And the pack really scares me…..
i like the zombies they creep meout and look like they were officers in a suit with an eyball popping out.
That Zombie is Awsome i can´t imagine the ghast. I think it will be very scary.
:O You can't even see the pixels!
This is awesome!
this texture pack is really awsome its one of my favorites its really cool all you people who dont have a texture pack i strongly suggest you get this one!
its a good recorce pack
Please, Please, Please update this Texture Pack to 1.6. It has been my favorite for years.
this is awesome!!
Is woork,Thank you!!! :D


text:
Hugo Chavez
FILE - In this May 22, 2011 file photo, Venezuela's President Hugo Chavez greets supporters next to his daughter Maria and grandson Jorge after his radio and television program "Hello President!," his first public appearance after injuring himself while jogging two weeks earlier, at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela. Venezuela's Vice President Nicolas Maduro announced on Tuesday, March 5, 2013 that Chavez has died. Chavez, 58, was first diagnosed with cancer in June 2011. (AP Photo/Fernando Llano, File)


text:
Torrington's Altek Company celebrates 40th year in business
TORRINGTON >> When Stephen Altschuler started the Altek Company in 1972, his approach was simple.
The stalwart of northwestern manufacturing has grown, giving that dream to over 140 residents of the Torrington area.
"I really just needed a job," said Altek Company chairman Altschuler, "and it lasted pretty long."
The Altek Company celebrated its 40th anniversary on Dec. 12, expanding from a two-person partnership to a two-division concern. Since its inception, the Altek Company has divided into Altek Electronics, which manufactures and assembles printed circuit boards, and Altek Company Tech Products, which makes can testing equipment for manufacturers.
Between the two divisions, the Altek Company employs 140 people, but that progress has been a gradual process.
"It's been slow growth, but steady," said Altschuler. "Healthy growth."
Altek Electronics specializes in manufacturing products, such as circuit boards and finished circuits, which do not directly end up in the hands of northwestern Connecticut residents.
Altek Company Tech Products, on the other hand, makes equipment used throughout the food and beverage industry to test the structural integrity of cans.
The latter division's products are so prevalent, said company vice president Sabrina Beck, that their customers -- which include Anheuser Busch, Coca-Cola and Ball Metal Container -- refer to the process of testing containers as "Alteking a can".
Subsequently, the company's main customers are fellow manufacturers in the medical, military, fuel cell and telecommunications industries.
But, according to Altschuler, their main contribution to Torrington is the same thing that compelled Altschuler and co-founder Tom Helms to start the company in 1972.
"It's a job," said Altschuler, "and that's what the people that work here are interested in. A job."
Altschuler, a military veteran, took over sole ownership of Altek in 1981, doubling the company's revenue five years later.
Since then, the company has grown to a projected revenue of $18.55 million in 2012.
Part of the company's growth has been their commitment to local education and hiring.
Many of Altek's employees came from Oliver Wolcott Technical High School, and some of the school's alumni have made significant contributions to the company.
Matt Kandefer, as an example, developed the company's Digital Traveler program, which allows employees to access documents at their workbenches.
"We have a special relationship with the tech schools," said Altschuler, "where the students on their non-academic weeks work for us."
But since taking over sole ownership, Altschuler has kept the company in the family.
Beck is his daughter, while son David Altschuler serves as vice president and treasurer.
David Altschuler, Beck, Stephen Altschuler and company president Rich Razza share ownership of the firm.
Razza, who joined the company in 2000, was one of the forces behind their radical realignment.
Altek Company started using leaner manufacturing processes and business philosophies to help stay competitive in their industry, and to help remain viable in Torrington.
Eliminating waste and time-wasting activities -- the latter of which was mitigated through the Digital Traveler program -- has helped the company grow, tripling its revenue in 12 years and improving benefits and salaries.
"We hope it goes on," said Stephen Altschuler.
Reach Jason Siedzik at (860) 489-3121, ext. 321 or on Facebook at www.facebook.com/RCjsiedzik.


text:
Unfortunately, this page wasn't found
Somewhere on the Gale site, there's a resource to meet your needs.
Just not this page.
Were you looking for a particular product?
Search for it here
Or visit these sites for more resources:
- Return to the Gale Homepage
- Contact your Gale representative with product questions
- Connect with your peers via the lively Gale blog


text:
Rose::DB::Object::Std - Standardized object representation of a single row in a database table.
package Category;
use base 'Rose::DB::Object::Std';
table => 'categories',
columns =>
id => { type => 'int', primary_key => 1 },
name => { type => 'varchar', length => 255 },
description => { type => 'text' },
unique_key => 'name',
package Product;
use base 'Rose::DB::Object::Std';
table => 'products',
columns =>
id => { type => 'int', primary_key => 1 },
name => { type => 'varchar', length => 255 },
description => { type => 'text' },
category_id => { type => 'int' },
status =>
type => 'varchar',
check_in => [ 'active', 'inactive' ],
default => 'inactive',
start_date => { type => 'datetime' },
end_date => { type => 'datetime' },
date_created => { type => 'timestamp', default => 'now' },
last_modified => { type => 'timestamp', default => 'now' },
unique_key => 'name',
foreign_keys =>
category =>
class => 'Category',
key_columns => { category_id => 'id' },
$product = Product->new(name => 'GameCube',
status => 'active',
start_date => '11/5/2001',
end_date => '12/1/2007',
category_id => 5);
$product->save or die $product->error;
$id = $product->id; # auto-generated on save
$product = Product->new(id => $id);
$product->load or die $product->error;
print $product->category->name;
$product->end_date->add(days => 45);
$product->save or die $product->error;
Rose::DB::Object::Std is a subclass of Rose::DB::Object that imposes a few more constraints on the tables it fronts. In addition to the constraints described in the Rose::DB::Object documentation, tables fronted by Rose::DB::Object::Std objects must also fulfill the following requirements:
The table must have a single primary key column named "id"
The value of the "id" column must be auto-generated if absent.
Different databases provide for auto-generated column values in different ways. Some provide a native "auto-increment" or "serial" data type, others use sequences behind the scenes.
Rose::DB::Object::Std (in cooperation with Rose::DB and Rose::DB::Object::Std::Metadata) attempts to hide these details from you. All you have to do is omit the value for the primary key entirely. After the object is
save()ed, you can retrieve the auto-selected primary key by calling the
id() method.
You do have to correctly define the "id" column in the database, however. Here are examples of primary key column definitions that provide auto-generated values, one for each of the databases supported by Rose::DB.
CREATE TABLE mytable ( id SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, ... );
CREATE TABLE mytable ( id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, ... );
CREATE TABLE mytable ( id SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, ... );
Other data definitions are possible, of course, but the three definitions above are used in the Rose::DB::Object::Std test suite and are therefore guaranteed to work. If you have success with alternative approaches, patches and/or new tests are welcome.
To achieve much of this functionality, Rose::DB::Object::Std uses Rose::DB::Object::Std::Metadata objects. The
meta() method will create these form you. You should not need to do anything special if you use the idiomatic approach to defining metadata as shown in the synopsis.
Only the methods that are overridden are documented here. See the Rose::DB::Object documentation for the rest.
- meta
Returns the Rose::DB::Object::Std::Metadata object associated with this class. This object describes the database table whose rows are fronted by this class: the name of the table, its columns, unique keys, foreign keys, etc. See the Rose::DB::Object::Std::Metadata documentation for more information.
This can be used as both a class method and an object method.
John C. Siracusa (email@example.com)
Copyright (c) 2010 by John C. Siracusa. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.


text:
ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This collection includes most of the ASU Theses and Dissertations from 2011 to present. ASU Theses and Dissertations are available in downloadable PDF format; however, a small percentage of items are under embargo. Information about the dissertations/theses includes degree information, committee members, an abstract, supporting data or media.
In addition to the electronic theses found in the ASU Digital Repository, ASU Theses and Dissertations can be found in the ASU Library Catalog.
Dissertations and Theses granted by Arizona State University are archived and made available through a joint effort of the ASU Graduate College and the ASU Libraries. For more information or questions about this collection contact or visit the Digital Repository ETD Library Guide or contact the ASU Graduate College at firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Hertzel, Michael
- Arizona State University
- Coles, Jeffrey
- 1 Ikram, Atif
- 1 Tserlukevich, Yuri
- 1 English
- 1 Public
- Economics, Finance
- 1 Accruals Anomaly
- 1 Discretionary Accruals
- 1 Earnings Management
- Reverse Fountain Cytoplasmic Streaming in Rhizopus Oryzae
- Diné Research Practices and Protocols: An Intersectional Paradigm Incorporating Indigenous Feminism, Critical Indigenous Research Methodologies and Diné Knowledge Systems
- Developing an Augmented Reality Solution for Mapping Underground Infrastructure
- Characterization of 2D Human Ankle Stiffness during Postural Balance and Walking for Robot-aided Ankle Rehabilitation
- Using Molecular, Cellular and Bioengineering Approaches Towards Understanding Muscle Stem Cell Biology
In this dissertation, I examine the source of some of the anomalous capital market outcomes that have been documented for firms with high accruals. Chapter 2 develops and implements a methodology that decomposes a firm's discretionary accruals into a firm-specific and an industry-specific component. I use this decomposition to investigate which component drives the subsequent negative returns associated with firms with high discretionary accruals. My results suggest that these abnormal returns are driven by the firm-specific component of discretionary accruals. Moreover, although industry-specific discretionary accruals do not directly contribute towards this anomaly, I find that it is precisely when industry-specific …
- Contributors
- Ikram, Atif, Coles, Jeffrey, Hertzel, Michael, et al.
- Created Date
- 2011


text:
We were established in 1998 and we are sponsored by St. Paul United Methodist Church in Lusby MD
Troop 451 Scouting Principles (The Aims of Scouting) are
To promote Character, Citizenship and Personal Fitness
Our Troop enjoys Camping, Hiking, Biking, Fishing, Kayaking, Cooking and other boating sports
We camp monthly some of our camping destinations are Gettysburg PA, C & O Canal, Antietam National Battlefield and we have camped locally.
We have helped with Service Projects in our local community such as Passion play, Scouting for Food and other Food Drives sponsored by local churches.
A Scout if helpful and we have volunteered many hours helping in our community
A Scout is prepared and we Promote First Aid Skills.
The Scouts of Troop 451 have participated in High Adventure Camping
Florida National High Adventure Sea Base
Philmont Scout Reservation
Northern Tier High Adventure Base
Since our beginning we have 40 scouts that have earned the rank of Eagle Scout.
Our troop believes all Scouts deserve a Trained Leader. We are a boy led Troop and we encourage the scouts to learn Leadership skills. Some of our Scouts have completed the National Youth Leadership Training (NYLT). Want to have fun learning Scoutcraft, Woodcraft, and Campcraft come and visit Troop 451.


text:
Sonia) is sewn from viscose, stuffed with sawdust and granulate, lovely lovely girl)
We support all major credit cards: Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Discover via PayPal. At the checkout page, you may choose to pay with credit card or PayPal. PayPal would also accept all major credit cards.
Please note that if you do not have a PayPal account, please select the "Pay with a debit or credit card" option and they will just ask for your credit card information. PayPal will NOT ask you to create an account for the payment.
After you click the "Buy now" button, you would be securely transferred to PayPal. PayPal offer added protection for both you the customer and the artist.


text:
A copy of the flyer can be downloaded from here
A copy of the flyer can be downloaded from here
Become a Cicada member
For only A$10 for life, you will receive a copy of Buzz magazine and can attend events.
Today 711
Yesterday 1454
Week 8670
Month 7322
All 156580
Currently are 19 guests and no members online
Here is a link to Deafblindness support and information.
They are based in Western Australia and supported by Senses Australia.
Vision Statement: "For all young people who
are deaf to reach their potential in life."


text:
Refineries sprout in North Dakota, bucking the trend
DICKINSON, N.D. - On a windswept North Dakota prairie in late March, Gov. Jack Dalrymple drove a bulldozer into the fertile black earth and broke ground on the first new U.S. refinery since 1976.
The state's two U.S. senators, as well as dozens of other politicians and investors, stood nearby wearing hard hats, eagerly sharing hopes that this new refinery will help resolve North Dakota's diesel demand problem.
Thanks to the Bakken shale formation, an extensive layer of oil-rich rock two miles deep, North Dakota produces more crude oil than any state except Texas. But because the state only has one refinery, it imports more than half of the roughly 53,000 barrels of diesel consumed each day by rigs that suck oil out of the ground, and trucks and trains that transport it.
That daily need is forecast to hit 75,000 barrels by 2025, making the new refinery from MDU Resources Group Inc and Calumet Specialty Products Partners critical for the energy sector in the state.
Despite producing thousands of barrels of oil each day, North Dakota relies on refineries on the U.S. Gulf Coast and elsewhere for much of its diesel. Dalrymple and others are counting on the MDU/Calumet project attracting a new wave of investors eager to construct Bakken refineries.
"Diesel fuel is something that's highly valued around North Dakota," Dalrymple, a Republican, said in an interview after the groundbreaking. "Refineries will allow us to use our Bakken crude right here at home."
When it comes to the economics and politics of building a refinery, North Dakota is an unusual case.
The state has one of the lowest population densities in the United States and has little of the political, environmental or community opposition that's helped scuttle all other refinery projects since Jimmy Carter was president.
MDU and Calumet hope to be making about 8,000 barrels of diesel per day within 20 months, far less than refineries on the Gulf Coast. The smaller size of the refinery will make it easier to build, and its modular design will give the owners the option of moving it in future should market conditions change.
The plant will be built by Ventech, an engineering firm that designs diesel refineries specifically for use in remote locations.
Refineries are usually built near major population centers, but North Dakota refineries will cater to a different kind of market. Forecasts indicate there will be good demand for diesel for a long time.
Even the most-conservative analysts estimate North Dakota has at least 50 years supply of oil thanks to recent developments in hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking.
The state Department of Mineral Resources forecasts that North Dakota's oil output will hit 850,000 barrels a day by early next year. As of last September, about 64 percent of oil produced in the state is transported via diesel-guzzling trucks from more than 8,000 oil-producing wells, according to the state's pipeline authority.
With the stars so aligned, there are no less than three new refinery proposals on the table.
The second project, a $450 million hydrocracker refinery planned by the three affiliated American Indian tribes of the MHA Nation, will use a mix of tribal funds and tax-exempt Tribal Economic Development Bonds through the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
"We want to be able to control our own natural resources and our own destiny," said Richard Mayer, head of the MHA Nation refinery project. The tribes, which hope to break ground by May on their refinery, strictly control access to oil drilling on their land.
When it seemed for a time that no new refineries would come, North Dakota politicians - known for their conservative track record - mulled what many saw as unthinkable: using state funds to back risky refinery loans to attract investors.
A third planned refinery was proposed seven years ago, by Dakota Oil Processing, LLC. After some private investors in South Korea withdrew support in 2012, the company asked the state to backstop its bonds, a controversial proposal as no other state supports private refinery loans.
Members of the state senate's finance and taxation committee said they seriously considered the request, which was sponsored by one senator. They ultimately decided against it when MDU and Calumet announced they would use their own money for their $300 million refinery.
"The MDU-Calumet refinery took a lot of pressure off the state legislature, because we need diesel here," said Jim Dotzenrod, a state senator. "We didn't want to set a precedent of using tax dollars" to support refinery projects.
Dakota Oil cannot break ground on its refinery until it secures private financing, a step it said was made harder by the state's rejection.
The boom-bust cycle in the refinery business is not for the faint of heart. Many investors were burned five years ago when oil prices neared $150 per barrel and a slate of U.S. refineries were forced to close.
High oil prices erode profit margins for most refineries, a risk that state politicians said scared them away from supporting Dakota Oil's bonds. North Dakota ranks first in credit quality among the 50 U.S. states, according to insurance asset manager Conning.
Still, with North Dakota diesel prices around $4.50 per gallon, a local supply of abundant Bakken oil that is roughly 4 percent cheaper than benchmark crude, and rising demand, diesel refining is a tempting proposition.
It's not clear how much cheaper locally produced diesel would be, as prices can vary depending on location, weather and access. But the basic geography is persuasive.
"The cost of moving diesel on a truck to a retail site is much less if you're selling near the refinery," said Argus Research Group analyst Phil Weiss.
Dave Goodin, MDU's chief executive, said the opportunity to supply diesel "in our own back yard" was too attractive to pass up. The company, based in North Dakota's capital, Bismarck, is already one of the largest power providers in the region.
MDU will supply oil from its own drilling operations, and Calumet, which runs several refineries throughout the United States, will help operate the facility.
Officials at the three refinery projects believe there is room for all three in the market, pointing to the need for diesel to power many of the machines drilling for oil and farming for wheat, still a major part of the state's economy.
The three refineries would, if built, supply a total of roughly 26,000 barrels of daily diesel production, less than the state imports currently and far less than projected demand.
Regional leaders are hoping that fact alone fuels more interest in the North Dakota refining business.
"If the MDU/Calumet refinery works as a prototype," said Tom Rolfstad, the economic development director in Williston, North Dakota, "you'll see a whole lot more of them."


text:
Friday's shooting in Colorado continues to spark some very heated discussions, ranging from its political implications, to its effect on the future of movie theater security, to the ramifications it will have on The Dark Knight Rises' legacy and the future of violent superhero movies, to even more pointless arguments that may make you feel like you're doing something, yet will never help anyone make sense of senseless tragedy. But one thing that won't be discussed, at least not in the way it normally would be, is its box office numbers. Out of respect for the victims and their families, Warner Bros. vowed to not release the weekend grosses for the film, a gesture that was quickly answered by its fellow studios, as well as box-office reporting company Rentrak and the web's primary source for those numbers, Box Office Mojo. Still, that didn't stop some from leaking the information.
So let's just get on with it, with the recognition that relaying profits seems insignificant or even callous in its current context—and we certainly don't mean any disrespect in doing so—but it's still nevertheless part of our weekly reporting duties. According to The New York Times, The Dark Knight Rises took in around $162 million—a number that fell short of its expected grosses, for obvious reasons, but which still makes it the third-biggest opening ever. Of course, clearly no one involved is in the mood to celebrate.


text:
Despite only being two months from its release and having a fairly decent cast I've heard jack and squat about "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" on the "normie" channels. I'd know too, I'm a sucker for Access Hollywood. But a new trailer has hit the tubes and it's got some promise to it. It's also got John Lithgow in it. Feel free to insert your own "John Lithgow's ass" joke here.
Holy mother of god that was quick. "Dylan Dog: Dead of Night", which was in 4 theaters for about 3 days I think, will hit DVD and Blu-Ray on July 26th. That's just about 3 months after it's release date back in April for those of you keeping track at home. Special bonus on the limited edition deluxe blu-ray, in depth interviews with the 7 people who saw the film in the theaters and 1/3 of the cast will actually come to your home and do the commentary track live.
While the world waits for a new "Alien" movie the good nerds of the video game industry have plans on release a first person shooter titled "Aliens: Colonial Marines" in the Spring of 2012. Of course the game based on the much loved movie franchise has been in development since since back in 06 so I guess my point is moot. That and I just used the word "moot" for the first time.
And since I refuse to write about and update from the set of "Wrong Turn 4" here's some more video game news. "Jaws: Ultimate Predator" will hit the Wii and 3DS sometime in the not too distant future. The game will be set 35 years after the events of the original film and allow players to take control of the mega-shark with tons of bloody chomping action to be had. Of course Majesco, the company putting it out also put out a 2006 "Jaws" game which was kind of like playing a game where a mentally challenged fish dry humped a fishing boat, but it could still be cool. Maybe.
It's not clear yet why a 21 year girl in Ohio decided to unleash pepper spray on 3 children at a local playground but if I was a betting man I'd say they were trying to sell her something. Like those stupid kids selling 3$ bags of peanut M&M's to get new uniforms for their basketball team. Where do you practice you little prick!? Answer me that and I'll buy your damn Skittles! That's right you don't know, boom, you just got pepper sprayed.
A 35 year old Florida man is under arrest after he hit a city worker with his truck because he thought the guy looked like a terrorist. Wrong? Yes, but you've got to appreciate the guy's love for this fine nation we live in. Slap on the wrist maybe? No? Attempted murder charges you say? Alright let's call it a deal.


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Oktoberfest in Fredericksburg starts with a free glass of Shiner "Helles," a crisp, golden-colored Czech-style pilsner. When the gates to Fredericksburg's Marktplatz open on this Friday evening at six, more than 100 people get in line in front of the keg stand where Shiner brewmaster Jimmy Mauric and his crew tap the ceremonial first keg of beer. It is all gone inside of 15 minutes.
Shiner has been tapping the first keg at Oktoberfest in Fredericksburg since 2000. The festival's director, Debbie Farquhar-Garner, pays for the keg and invites the public to come and talk to the brewmaster. "I wanted a Texas-German brewery to kick off the party," she says. "It's a Texas-German festival after all."
Farquhar-Garner, who runs the festival on behalf of the Pedernales Artists' Cooperative, wants to mimic the ritual opening of the original Oktoberfest, in which the mayor of Munich taps the ceremonial first keg. In 2000, Farquhar-Garner did a television interview and mentioned the fact that Shiner's master brewer would be on hand to meet the public. That landed her in trouble with the TABC.
Texas microbreweries
"Every year I sit down with the TABC, and they tell me what we can and can't do," the Oktoberfest director says. "I found out that talking about a specific beer company is a big no-no." At Munich's Oktoberfest, the big beer companies put on the party. In Texas, it's illegal for a festival to even mention beer. And it's strictly forbidden for a beer company to donate alcohol.
Oktoberfest in Fredericksburg is the final stop on my summer beer tour of Texas. I have been drinking craft beers and visiting breweries and brewpubs all summer in an attempt to gauge the zeitgeist of Texas beer culture. When it comes to beer, Texas is a puzzling place. We are a beer-loving people, thanks to our cultural heritage, but we are also the former home of Carrie Nation and the epicenter of a 150-year-old Prohibitionist tradition. Statistically, we are among the nation's biggest beer drinkers. But our liquor laws make it ridiculously difficult to run a brewery, a brewpub or a beer festival.
There are now 70 craft breweries in Michigan, and 60 in New York State. Texas, one of the biggest beer-drinking states of the union, has just six.
Written by defeated Prohibitionists, the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code was designed to promote public temperance. It prohibits Texas beer, wine and liquor companies from offering any encouragement to drink alcohol — a silly restriction, in light of the beer commercials we are bombarded with on television every day.
At Oktoberfest in Munich, 6.2 million people consumed more than 6 million liters of beer in 2007. Farquhar-Garner can't disclose how much beer is consumed at Fredericksburg's Oktoberfest. "The TABC won't let me," she says with a wry smile. She can say that the festival has been setting new records for attendance over the past few years, thanks in part to a renewed interest in German beer traditions.
There's a new attitude about beer sweeping the state and the country. Sales of mainstream American beers are flat, while the sales of quality beers are up. "The American palate has changed, and so has the attitude about food," says Farquhar-Garner. "New tastes in beer and wine are part of it." People are coming to Fredericksburg to visit the traditional German biergartens, the artisan sausage makers, the old German bakeries and the Hill Country wineries. "Culinary tourism is a big deal around here these days," she says. Farquhar-Garner credits the growing interest to a younger crowd.
On the bandstand, the accordion player, who's clad in lederhosen, sings the beginning of the old Oktoberfest toasting song, "Ein prosit, Ein prosit..." The music and the dancers stop, the band members reach for their glasses and hundreds of people sitting at picnic tables around the dance floor and in the adjoining biergarten area raise their glasses together. "Ein prosit, ein prosit, der Gemütlichkeit," they all sing. "Ein, zwei, drei," shouts the accordion player, and then everyone drinks up.
While the older folks gravitate toward the oompah music and the dance floor, the young bunch gathers at the tables beside the German beer tent, where the traditional German Oktoberfest beers are available on draft. You can't miss this gang — they're the ones with the chicken hats, the "Bier Bitch" T-shirts and the pyramids made of empty beer cups on their tables.
The control of the TABC by the industry it is supposed to regulate is well known, but seldom does the sleazy arrangement get any public scrutiny. Last year, we got a rare glimpse inside the worm can when the TABC came up for sunset review by a legislative commission that periodically checks over state agencies for waste and inefficiency. A citizen appointee to the review commission was so disgusted that he wrote a scathing minority report. In it, Austin lawyer Howard Wolf, once a Fulbright & Jaworski attorney and the former president of Continental Airlines, called the state's liquor regulation "a corrupt system that no longer serves the public interest." The wholesalers' control of the system thwarts the free market and protects the industry at the expense of consumers, Wolf said. Thanks to laws that bend in their favor, the big distributors are making enormous profits.
Wolf had run into the liquor lobby before, when he served on the Tax Reform Commission. Seeking to reduce property taxes and prevent a state income tax, the commission looked for additional sources of revenue. Wolf was shocked to discover that Texas liquor taxes are among the lowest in the country and haven't been raised since the 1980s. The tax on beer in Texas is 20 cents per gallon versus the national average of 26 cents. Texas wine producers and importers pay 20 cents a gallon, compared with a national average of 79 cents. Liquor is taxed at $2.40 per gallon, compared with a national average of $5.52.
When Wolf brought up the idea of raising the tax on beer, wine and liquor, a move that could easily generate millions of dollars, he was told to forget about it. Such a measure would fail to gain legislative support, officials told him. In other words, our state representatives would rather hike our property taxes than risk offending the liquor lobby.
The constant presence of the lobbyists in the gallery during the TABC's sunset review prompted an especially amusing passage in Wolf's report. "Poised like lions on a patch of high ground in the Serengeti, occasionally swishing their tails so their presence would be noted, the lions of the lobby watched at hearings to ensure that no Republican elephant or Democratic mule would dare stray from the prescribed path," he wrote.
Wolf was barred from voicing his complaints by the commission chair, but he issued his minority report anyway. Shortly after the vote, the wholesale liquor distributors reported donating $1.38 million to the campaigns of more than 150 state officials, including most legislators and Governor Rick Perry.
After standing in line for 15 minutes at Saint Arnold's brewery on a Saturday-afternoon tour, I finally got a draft of "Fancy Lawnmower," Saint Arnold's German-style Kölsch beer. Kölsch is made with unusual yeast — an ale yeast that ferments at lager temperatures, giving the beer a clean, fruity flavor. The beer is also made with German hops that give it a delicate floral aroma.
The "Fancy Lawnmower" name is an inside joke for beer lovers, explains Brock Wagner, Saint Arnold's founder. When you open a beer geek's refrigerator, he says, you see bottle after bottle of unusual and expensive craft beers and imports from around the world. Hidden way in the back, behind all the good stuff, you'll also find a bottle of Pabst Blue Ribbon or some other cheap American brew. If you ask about it, he'll say, "Oh, that's my lawnmower beer, the stuff I guzzle on a hot day after mowing the lawn." So the name "Fancy Lawnmower" is Saint Arnold's way of saying, 'This is our unassuming, easy-drinking beer.'
I drank my Fancy Lawnmower standing up. There were a dozen or so picnic tables in the tasting room, but they were already packed with beer drinkers. When the doors opened for the brewery tour and tasting at 1 p.m., there were already 100 people or so in line. An average of around 550 people typically show up. The tour is conducted by a guide who explains the brewing process and recites the gallon capacity of various steel tanks. But few in the crowd pay any attention to him. First there is a mad dash to claim the picnic tables, and then the lines to get a beer start to grow.
The Rahr & Sons brewery in Fort Worth used to host a free tour on Saturdays followed by a tasting, but they changed their policy. In an attempt to cut down on the throngs of college students who were only interested in the free beer, they now charge $5 for the tour.
There's a $5 charge for the Saturday tour of Saint Arnold's brewery in Houston too. But it hasn't cut down on the number of college students. They arrive early carrying elaborate lunch provisions and get in line to claim tables.
On the Saint Arnold tour, you get a souvenir glass and four wooden tokens good for filling it up. The trick is to buy one of the half-liter steins in the gift shop, a guy standing in line with a Subway sandwich and a half-liter glass volunteered. The tokens are good for a fill-up — but you can hand them any size Saint Arnold glass you want.
The guy with the glass had driven all the way from College Station just to hang out at Saint Arnold's this afternoon. And he said he'd taken the tour a half a dozen times before — a lot of trouble to go through to drink some beer.
"But it's really good beer," he said.
At the brewery in Shiner, I took a tour with a half dozen people. The copper tanks, the automated bottling line and the old brewery building were impressive. So were the stories and photographs of the worldly entrepreneur who started it all, Kosmos Spoetzl.
Jimmy Mauric has worked as a brewmaster at Shiner for 31 years. Outside the brewery, he handed me a glass of Shiner's citrusy Hefeweizen, a wheat beer made with orange peel and live yeasts. I love hefeweizens, but I had never had Shiner's before. I was shocked by how good it was.
Next, Mauric poured a glass of the blackest beer I have ever seen. "Bohemian Black Lager was our anniversary brew a few years ago," he said. Known as schwarzbier (black beer) in Germany, this style of lager is made by dark-roasting the malt. Shiner's version is made with five different German malts and quite a bit of hops. While it had a hearty flavor, it wasn't nearly as heavy as it looked.
"This is a lot milder than a typical German schwarzbier, isn't it?" I asked diplomatically as I considered the bottom of my glass. Extreme beer geeks criticize Shiner's new craft brews as being watered-down versions of the real thing. Mauric shrugged off the criticism.
"Mild is good. I can live with mild," the brewmaster said.
American mainstream beers are formulated for "session drinking," the consumption of many beers over the course of a few hours. These weak American lagers and light beers differ from the international standard of stronger, more flavorful beers that are consumed in smaller quantities.
Texas craft brewers are aiming at the international style. Shiner and the big American brewers are looking for ways to straddle the fence. They can't afford to lose the session drinkers who still buy the most beer, but they want to get in on the craft beer movement. "We are going for fuller flavors, but we are also going for drinkability," said Mauric. "You could drink a couple of those pretty easily, right?" he asked. I had to agree. And so have a lot of other Shiner customers.
"The Bohemian black is now our No. 2-selling beer after Shiner Bock," Mauric said.
"Who's drinking these new beers?" I asked Mauric.
"My daughter and her friends," he laughed. His 24-year-old daughter loves Shiner's new varieties of beer; she is currently planning a Shiner beer-themed wedding. "It used to be the old German guys that asked all the questions on the beer tours," Jimmy Mauric told me. "Now it's the young kids. They want to know what kind of malt and what kind of hops we are using. These kids know their beer."
But it's not just that. "The American palate has changed," said Mauric. "People want some flavor in their beer. And so here at Shiner, we are getting back to our roots as craft brewers" (see "Texas Wants Beer: My Ten Top Texas Beers").
The first breweries in Texas appeared in German-settled areas around 1840. These tiny operations would be called craft breweries today — they made highly individual beers in small quantities for local markets. Without ice or refrigeration, they could only brew during the colder months.
While the earliest American breweries produced English-style ales and porters with fast-acting yeasts that left lots of residual sugars and malt flavors in the barrel, the German settlers of Texas longed for the cleaner, crisper flavor of traditional German lagers. Lager beers require aging at cool temperatures for a month or more while a secondary fermentation converts residual malt sugars to alcohol.
In 1870, there were some 77 breweries in the state, mostly located in the German areas. Then the king of beers arrived. Anheuser-Busch of St. Louis came to Texas in 1877 with a consistent lager beer. The company advertised heavily and bought up Texas icehouses. Undercapitalized native Texas breweries couldn't compete. By the time Prohibition arrived in 1920, there were only 18 breweries left in Texas.
One of those survivors was Shiner. The brewery was founded in 1909 by the Shiner Brewing Association, a group of German-Texans in the small town of the same name. By 1914, they realized they needed a professional, so they hired a German brewer named Kosmos Spoetzl who had previously set up a brewery in Cairo, Egypt.
In 1915, Kosmos bought the business and changed the name to Spoetzl Brewery. Cigar-chomping Kosmos was a short German man but a larger-than-life character. His earliest marketing strategy was to ride around the countryside with kegs of cold Shiner beer iced down in the back of a horse-drawn carriage. When he saw a farmer plowing his field, a cowboy riding by on a horse, or another wagon driver, he waved them down and poured them an ice-cold Shiner. When he started driving a car, he filled the trunk with ice and beer. No wonder he was so well loved — wherever he went, Kosmos was a party waiting to happen.
When Prohibition closed the brewery, Kosmos Spoetzl survived by continuing to run the ice factory and brewing alcohol-free beer. The near beer is made just like regular beer, and then the alcohol is boiled away. The tour leader who took us around the brewery alleged that sometimes, Kosmos forgot the alcohol-removal step.
When Prohibition ended, Congress was obsessed with preventing monopolies and busting trusts. And so it mandated that the revived liquor industry follow a "three-tier system" of distribution — manufacturers, distributors and retailers were licensed separately. You could only have one kind of license. The three-tier system has its merits — it prevents "tied houses," bars owned by beer companies that only sell one brand. And if you've ever wandered into a Courage pub in England and asked for a Guinness, you understand why beer companies shouldn't own bars.
The advent of television advertising in the 1950s brought about the rise of national brands like Coke, McDonald's and Budweiser. The beer industry contracted violently. There were thousands of breweries in America in the 1870s, but by 1970, there were only 90 left.
Texas breweries once had considerable political clout. But when they disappeared, the political vacuum was filled by the middle tier of the three-tier system — Texas liquor distributors. Two lobbyists, nicknamed "the Booze Brothers," keep Texas liquor laws under industry control.
On the beer side, there's Mike McKinney, a former appointments secretary to Governor Preston Smith, who represents the Wholesale Beer Distributors of Texas. And on the wine and liquor side, there's Butch Sparks. Known for their generous campaign contributions and their ability to arrange favors, the Booze Brothers hold sway over almost every politician in Texas.
Did he just say, "Budweiser American Ale?"
The first time I saw the television commercial announcing that Budweiser was coming out with an American ale, my jaw hit the carpet. It's hard to find, but there are some beer experts who have tried it. Most of them have found it surprisingly good.
Budweiser American Ale is an amber ale with more malt, more hops, more color and more body than anything else Budweiser makes. And a six-pack of it will sell for $1.50 more than Budweiser's traditional lager, which will put it on a par with craft beers.
Scott Birdwell, owner of DeFalco's Home Wine & Beer Supplies and a leader of the Houston beer-geek scene, e-mailed his comments. "I'm not a fan of Anheuser-Busch — neither their products or their iron fist when it comes to Texas liquor laws. And I had very low expectations since Anheuser-Busch seems to brew to the lowest common denominator. But I was somewhat pleasantly surprised. Don't get me wrong, this is not Sierra Nevada Pale Ale, but it wasn't bad. The body was fuller and the malt flavor richer than I expected."
"I am delighted that Budweiser has started making ale," says Brock Wagner of Saint Arnold. "I think it validates what we've been doing."
Budweiser has been trying to get into the craft beer business for a long time. Anheuser-Busch already makes ZiegenBock to compete with Shiner Bock in Texas and a beer called Pacific Ridge Pale Ale to compete with Sierra Nevada in California. It was only a matter of time before they went national with a specialty beer.
"The market for craft beers has been growing at around 12 percent a year for the last few years, while the market for mainstream beers is flat," says Tony Formby, managing partner of Rahr & Sons Brewing Company in Fort Worth. Everybody is trying to get in on the microbrewery action.
A new wave of craft breweries is opening all over the country. But although Texas is one of America's strongest markets for beer and the home of one of the nation's oldest and strongest beer cultures, it only has a handful of microbreweries and very few in the works. Dozens of craft brewers and brewpubs opened in Texas in the 1990s, but most are gone now. The brewpub laws were so restrictive, almost none of them could make it. The smallest of the microbreweries couldn't get adequate distribution; the biggest were bought up by mainstream brewers.
"Our brewery has been around for four years, we almost went under once and we are just now beginning to see a profit," says Formby. "We're lucky. Most craft breweries don't make it because of Texas laws" (see "Texas Wants Beer: Change This Law!").
Bill Metzger, who publishes Southwest Brewing News, agrees. "Better beer laws are sorely needed in Texas," he says. "Texas is falling behind the rest of the country."
You and I and every beer drinker in Texas are making Texas beer distributors very, very rich. Take Dallas Miller distributor Barry Andrews and his wife Lana, for instance. Their mansion in La Jolla starred in Steven Soderbergh's Oscar-winning 2000 movie Traffic. The Andrews mansion poses as the swankienda of Catherine Zeta-Jones and her drug lord husband. It's a posh pad — and it was paid for with our beer money.
Changing the liquor laws to let small breweries eke out a living by selling a few cases of beer direct to the public wouldn't break wealthy distributors like the Andrews, nor would it have much effect on the big beer companies. But it would help Texas culinary tourism, the Texas artisan food movement and the Texas restaurant scene. And as Brock Wagner has pointed out, "We are talking about less beer than the Anheuser-Busch brewery in Houston spills in a week."
Scott Birdwell, the owner of DeFalco Home Wine & Beer Supplies and longtime leader of the Houston beer-geek scene, names his five favorite beer joints. Here's his list (in no particular order):
The Stag's Head Pub
2128 Portsmouth St.
This is my "local," a little British pub oasis in Houston. I've known the managing owner, Mike Holliday, for more than 30 years, ever since he opened up Rudyard's on Kipling. Good beer and decent food keep me happy here.
The Ginger Man
5607 Morningside Dr.
The Village Bar became The Ginger Man in 1985. (It was right next door to my homebrew shop at the time!). Bob Precious led the way in supporting imported and craft brewery draft beers. This is one of the best beer bars in the country.
Flying Saucer
705 Main
This is a great place for a beer when you're downtown — it has a vast selection of draft beers. It can be loud, but that's because it's so popular (and justifiably so!).
The Petrol Station
985 Wakefield Dr.
This old gas station actually calls itself a coffee shop. There aren't that many beers on tap, but the ones they have are very hoppy. This is heaven for hopheads.
Red Lion Pub
2316 S. Shepherd
The pints are pricey at this quintessential British pub, but they're Imperial pints — 20 ounces versus the domestic 16-ounce pint. My wife is English and she loves their fish and chips.
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