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DEMONOLOGY.(Redirected from SHEDIM.)
- —Biblical and Post-Biblical Data:
- Demons in the Bible.
- Other Demons.
- Time and Place of Appearance.
- —In Rabbinical Literature:
- Nature of Demons.
- King and Queen of Demons.
- Pre-Talmudic Demonology.
- Cosmic Demons.
- New Testament Demonology.
- The Law, the Prophylactic Against Demons.
- The Philosophers.
- The Cabalists.
- Prayers Against Demons.
- —In Arabic Literature:This article treats only of parallels to Jewish demonology found in Arabic literature.
- Demons in Islam.
Systematic knowledge concerning demons or evil spirits. Demons (Greek, δαίμονες or δαιμόνια; Hebrew,
The demons mentioned in the Bible are of two classes, the "se'irim" and the "shedim." The se'irim ("hairy beings"), to which the Israelites sacrificed in the open fields (Lev. xvii. 7; A. V. "devils"; R. V., incorrectly, "he-goats"), are satyr-like demons, described as dancing in the wilderness (Isa. xiii. 21, xxxiv. 14; compare Maimonides, "Moreh," iii. 46; Vergil's "Eclogues," v. 73, "saltantes satyri"), and are identical with the jinn of the Arabian woods and deserts (see Wellhausen, l.c., and Smith, l.c.). To the same class belongs Azazel, the goat-like demon of the wilderness (Lev. xvi. 10 et seq.), probably the chief of the se'irim, and Lilith (Isa. xxxiv. 14). Possibly "the roes and hinds of the field," by which Shulamit conjures the daughters of Jerusalem to bring her back to her lover (Cant. ii. 7, iii. 5), are faunlike spirits similar to the se'irim, though of a harmless nature. The
The Israelites also offered sacrifices to the shedim (Deut. xxxii. 17; Ps. cvi. 37). The name
But there are many indications that popular Hebrew mythology ascribed to the demons a certain independence, a malevolent character of their own, because they are believed to come forth, not from the heavenly abode of
'Alukah (Prov. xxx. 15; A. V. "horseleech"), the bloodsucker or vampire, whose two daughters cry "Give! Give!" is none other than the flesh-devouring ghoul of the Arabs, called by them "'aluḳ" (Wellhausen, l.c. pp. 135-137). She has been rendered in Jewish mythology the demon of the nether world (=
It was the primitive demonology of Babylonia which peopled the world of the Jews with beings of a semi-celestial and semi-infernal nature. Only afterward did the division of the world between Ahriman and Ormuzd in the Mazdean system give rise to the Jewish division of life between the kingdom of heaven and the kingdom of evil. Rabbinical demonology has, like the Chaldean, three classes of, demons, though they are scarcely separable one from another. There were the "shedim," the "mazziḳim" (harmers), and the "ruḥin" or "ruḥotra'ot" (evil spirits). Besides these there were "lilin" (night spirits), "ṭelane" (shade, or evening, spirits), "ṭiharire" (midday spirits), and "ẓafrire" (morning spirits), as well as the "demons that bring famine" and "such as cause storm and earthquake" (Targ. Yer. to Deut. xxxii. 24 and Num. vi. 24; Targ. to Cant. iii. 8, iv. 6; Eccl. ii. 5; Ps. xci. 5, 6; compare Ps. lxx. and Is. xxxiv. 14). Occasionally they are called "mal'ake ḥabbalah" (angels of destruction) (Ber. 51a; Ket. 104a; Sanh. 106b). "They surround man on all sides as the earth does the roots of the vine"; "a thousand are on his left, and ten thousand on his right side" (compare Ps. xci. 7); if a man could see them he would lack the strength to face them, though he can see them by casting the ashes of the fetus of a black cat about his eyes, or by sprinkling ashes around his bed he can trace their cock-like footprints in the morning (Ber. 6a). They hover around the house and the field (Gen. R. xx.), particularly in the lower regions of the air (Num. R. xii.; Tan., Mishpaṭim, ed. Vienna, 99a; compare Diogenes Laertius, viii. 32, ix. 7). Their main abode is in the northern part of the earth (Pirḳe R. El. iii., after Jer. i. 14). Their sporting-places are caper-bushes and spearworts, where they dwell in groups of sixty; nut-trees, where they form in groups of nine; shady spots on moonlight nights, especially the roofs of houses, under gutters, or near ruins; cemeteries and privies (there is a special demon of the privy, "shed shel bet ha-kisse"); water, oil, and bread-crums cast on the ground; and they harm persons and things coming near them (Pes. 3b; Ber. 3a, 62b; Shab. 67a; Giṭ. 70a; Ḥul. 105; Sanh. 65b).
R. Johanan knew of 300 kinds of shedim living near the town of Shiḥin (Giṭ. 68a). It is dangerous to walk between two palm-trees (Pes. 111a). Demons are particularly hurtful at night. It is unsafe to salute a person in the dark, for he might be a demon (Meg. 3a); to sleep alone in a house, as Lilith may seize one (Shab. 151b); to walk alone in the night or in the morning before cockcrow (Ber. 43a; Yoma 21a; compare Cock); to take water from one whose hands have not been washed in the morning (Ber. 51a). Especially dangerous are the eves of Wednesday and of the Sabbath, for then Agrat bat Maḥlat, "the dancing roof-demon" (Yalḳut Ḥadash, Keshafim, 56), haunts the air with her train of eighteen myriads of messengers of destruction, "every one of whom has the power of doing harm" (Pes. 112b). On those nights one should not drink water except out of white vessels and after having recited Ps. xxix. 3-9 (the verses mentioning seven times "the voice of the Lord") or other magic formulas (Pes. 3a). Another perilous season is midsummer noon from the 17th of Tammuz to the 9th of Ab. Then the demon Keṭeb Meriri reigns from ten in the forenoon to three in the afternoon. He has the head of a calf, with one revolving horn in the middle, and an eye on the breast, and his whole body is covered with scales and hair and eyes; and whosoever sees him, man or beast, falls down and expires (Pes. 3b; Lam. R. i. 3; Midr. Teh. to Ps. xci. 3; Num. R. xii.). Demons assume the shape of men, but have no shadow (Yeb. 122a; Giṭ. 66a; Yoma 75a). Attimes they are black goat-like beings (
The saint Abba Jose of Zaintor saved his town from harm, when informed by a water-demon living near by that a harmful fellow demon made his dwelling there, by causing the inhabitants to go down to the water's edge at dawn, equipped with iron rods and spits, and beat the intruder to death; blood marked the spot where he was killed (Lev. R. xxiv.). The magicians in Egypt made use of demons to perform their miracles, as all witchcraft is the work of demons (Sanh. 67b; 'Er. 18b; Ex. R. ix.), though demons can not create, but only transform existing things (Sanh. 67b). Egypt was considered the stronghold of such witchcraft as worked by means of demons (Ḳid. 49b; Shab. 104b; Men. 85a; Tan., Wayera, ed. Buber, 17, 27; Tosef., Shab. xi. 15; compare Friedländer, "Sittengesch. Roms," i. 362, iii. 517). Some of the Babylonian amoraim employed shedim as friendly spirits, and received useful instruction from them, calling them by familiar names, such as "Joseph" or "Jonathan" (Pes. 110a; Ḥul. 105b; Yeb. 122a; 'Er. 43a; regarding
In the main demons were workers of harm. To them were ascribed the various diseases, particularly such as affect the brain and the inner parts (compare Rhode, "Psyche," 1894, p. 385). Hence there was a constant fear of "Shabriri" (lit. "dazzling glare"), the demon of blindness, who rests on uncovered water at night and strikes those with blindness who drink of it (Pes. 112a; 'Ab. Zarah 12b); "ruaḥ ẓeradah," the spirit of catalepsy, and "ruaḥ ẓelaḥta," also "ruaḥ palga," the spirit of headache (megrim or meningitis ?), hovering on palmtrees (Pes. 111b; Ḥul. 105b; Giṭ. 68b); "ben nefilim," the demon of epilepsy, and "ruaḥ ẓeḥarit," the spirit of nightmare (Bek. 44b; Tosef., Bek. v.3; Schorr, in "He-Ḥaluẓ," 1869, p. 15); "ruaḥ tezazit," the spirit of delirious fever and madness, befalling man and beast (Pesiḳ., Parah, 40a; Yer. Yoma viii. 45b; Yoma 83b; Gen. R. xii.; see Aruch and Dictionaries, s.v.
V04p517007.jpg); "ruaḥ ẓara'at," the spirit of leprosy (Ket. 61b); "ruaḥ ḳardeyaḳos," the spirit of melancholy (καρδιακός; Giṭ. vii. 1, p. 67b; Yer. Giṭ. 48c); "shibbeta," a female demon, bringing croup to persons, especially children, who leave their hands unwashed in the morning (Ḥul. 107b; Ta'an. 20b; Yoma 77b), probably identical with the "bush-asp," the Parsee demon "with long hands," who lulls men to sleep and attacks them ("Vendidad," xviii. 38; "Bundahish," xxviii. 26); "bat ḥorin" (daughter of freedom; possibly a play on "ḥiwar," a euphemistic expression for blindness), a demon bringing a disease of the eye to one who fails to wash his hands after meals (see Brüll's "Jahrb." i. 157); "kuda," a demon of disease which attacks women in childbirth ('Ab. Zarah 29a); "eshshata," the demon of fever, (ib. 28a; Shab. 66b); "ruaḥ zenunim," the spirit of sexual desire (Pes. 111a); "she'iyyah," an ox-like demon dwelling in desolate houses (B. Ḳ. 21a, after Isa. xxiv. 12); and many others mentioned in Rabbinical lore, only part of which has been preserved in Shab. 66 et seq., 109 et seq.: Pes. 109-113; Giṭ. 68-70; Sanh. 67 et seq.; see Brüll, l.c. i. 154 et seq., who refers also to "puta" or "pura," the spirit of forgetfulness, mentioned in Siddur Rab Amram, i. 31b; see also Blau, "Das Altjüdische Zauberwesen," 1898, pp. 71-85. On the demon "ben temalyon" (probably a euphemism for St. Vitus' dance) see Ben Temalion; Exorcism.
These demons were supposed to enter the body and cause the disease while overwhelming ("kefa'o shed," R. H. 28a; Sifre, Debarim, 318) or "seizing" the victim ("aḥazo," Shab. 151b; Yoma 83a, 84a); hence the usual name for "epileptic" is "nikpeh" (Bek. 44b; Yeb. 64b: Ket. 60b; Pes. 112b). The Greek word is δαιμονίζεσΘαι, meaning the condition of being in the power of a demon. To cure such diseases it was necessary to draw out the evil demons by certain incantations and tailsmanic performances, in which the Essenes excelled. Josephus, who speaks of demons as "spirits of the wicked which enter into men that are alive and kill them," but which can be driven out by a certain root ("B. J." vii. 6, § 3), witnessed such a performance in the presence of the emperor Vespasian ("Ant." viii. 2, § 5), and ascribed its origin to King Solomon.
In the Book of Wisdom, Solomon claims to have received from God power over the demons (Wisdom vii.20). The same power of curing by exorcism such diseases as dumbness, blindness, epilepsy, mania, and fever was exercised by Jesus and his disciples (Matt. viii. 16, ix. 32, xi. 18, xii. 22; Mark i. 25; v. 2 et seq.; vii. 32 et seq.; ix. 17, 27; Luke iv. 33, 39 et seq.; viii. 27; ix. 39; xi. 14; xiii. 11; Acts xvi. 16), as also by their Jewish contemporaries (Acts xix. 13 et seq.). It remained for a long time a practise among the early Christians (see Irenæus, "Hæreses," ii. 4, 32; Origen, "Contra Celsum," iii. 24; Friedländer, l.c. iii. 572, 634).King and Queen of Demons.
The demons were believed to be under the dominion of a king or chief, either Ashmodai (Targ. to Eccl. i. 13; Pes. 110a; Yer. Shek. 49b; Lev. R. v., where
The queen of demons is Lilith, pictured with wings and long flowing hair, and called the "mother of Ahriman" (
Upon pre-Talmudic demonology new light has been thrown by the "Testament of Solomon," translated by Conybeare in "Jew. Quart. Rev." (1898, xi. 1-45), a work which, notwithstanding many Christian interpolations, is of ancient Jewish origin and related to the "Book of Healing" ("Sefer Refu'ot") ascribed to King Solomon (see Pes. iv. 9; Josephus, l.c.; Schürer, "Geseh." iii. 300). In this "Testament" it is told that by the help of a magic ring with the seal of Pentalpha, Lilith-like vampires, Beelzebub, and all kinds of demons and unclean spirits were brought before Solomon, to whom they disclosed their secrets and told how they could be mastered (see Solomon, Testament of). It contains incantations against certain diseases, and specifies the task allotted to each of the chief demons in the erection of the Temple. The latter was a favorite theme of the Haggadists (Pesiḳ. R. vi.; Soṭah 48b; Giṭ. 68a). The later Haggadah ascribed to Moses this power to make the demons work at the erection of the Sanctuary (Pesiḳ. R. iv. 6b; Num. R. xii.); and Solomon's "sword against the fear of the spirits at night" (Cant. R. to iii. 8) was transformed into the Magic "sword of Moses" (Pesiḳ. 140a; Pesiḳ. R. 15; Cant. R. iii. 7; Num. R. xi., xii.). Henceforth the magic books of Moses and the "Sword of Moses" (see Dieterich, "Abraxas," 1891, pp. 155,169 et seq.; Gaster, "Sword of Moses," London, 1896) took the place of "Solomon's Testament" in the magic lore of the Jews.Cosmic Demons.
In the main, demonology among the Jews preserved its simple character as a popular belief, the demons being regarded as mischievous, but not as diabolical or as agencies of a power antagonistic to God. Even Ashmodai, or Asmodeus, the king of demons (Tobit iii. 8, vi. 14, Aramaic version), who kills the seven successive bridegrooms of Sara before their marital union, is but a personification of lust and murder; but there is nothing Satanic—that is, of the spirit of rebellion against God—in him; he is driven out by the recipe prescribed by the angel Raphael, and sent to Egypt and bound by Raphael (Tobit viii. 3). It was only at a certain period and within a certain circle that demonology received its specific character as part of the cosmic power of evil, and in opposition to angelology as part of the cosmic power of good.
Babylonian cosmogony describes the combat of Bel-Marduk with the chaos-monster Tiamat, the sea-dragon, the power of darkness whose defeat is the beginning of the world of light and order. The same monster appears in various Biblical passages as Rahab, the sea-monster; Tannin, the dragon of the sea; and Leviathan, the "crooked serpent" slain by
The speculation regarding the nature and origin of these demons and their leaders led as early as the second pre-Christian century, in those fragments preserved under the name of the Book of Enoch, to the story of the fall of the angels (Enoch, vii.-viii.; lxix.). Like Beelzebub, or Lucifer (Isa. xiv. 12; compare Slavonic Enoch, xxix. 4), two hundred 'Irin or "watchers" fell, attracted by the beauty of the daughters of men (Gen. vi. 4); only tradition obviously differed as to the leader of the rebellious host, whether it was Azazel or Shamḥazai. At any rate, they acknowledged the supremacy of Satan (liii. 3, liv. 6), though occasionally many satans are mentioned (xl. 7 et al.), and these fallen angels became "the evil spirits" (xv. 8, xix. 19) who taught mankind all the arts of deception, witchcraft, and sin (vii.-viii., lxix.). But their children, the offspring of this mixture of an earthly and a celestial race, became, when slain, the hybrid race of disembodiedspirits or demons doing the work of destruction until the Day of Judgment (xvi. 1). Belial is another name for Satan found in the Book of Jubilees (xv. 33), in Sibyllines (iii. 63), and in Ascension of Isaiah (ii. 4), where he is also called "the prince of injustice" (Sar ha-Masṭemah), who rules over this world. Belial (or Beliar) occurs most frequently in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs. He has "seven spirits of deception" in his service (Reuben, 2), and as author of all evil, "the spirit of hatred, darkness, deception, and error," he is the opponent of God, the "Father of Light," and of His Law (Simeon, 5; Levi, 19; Issachar, 6; Dan, 5; Zebulun, 9; Naphtali, 8; Gad, 4; Joseph, 20), and when "he and his evil spirits are crushed the heathen world will be converted to the belief in the Lord" (Simeon, 7; Zebulon, 9). Under this aspect the world appeared as the arena in which Satan contends with the Lord, the God of life everlasting, until "the great dragon, the old serpent, he that is called Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world, shall be cast down and his angels with him" (Suk. 52a; Assumptio Mosis, xi.; Matt. xxv. 41; Rev. xii. 9).New Testament Demonology.
The whole Jewish and pagan world at the beginning of the Christian era believed in those magic formulas by which the evil powers of the demons could be subdued, and the Jewish exorcists found a fertile soil everywhere for the cultivation of their Essene notions and their magic. This was the atmosphere in which Christianity arose with the claim of "healing all that were oppressed of the devil" (Acts x. 38), enforcing the recognition by the unclean spirits themselves of the Son of David as the vanquisher of the demons (Mark i. 27, iii. 11). The name of Jesus became the power by which the host of Satan was to be overcome, as Jesus himself had seen "Satan as lightning fall from heaven" (Mark ix. 38, xvi. 17; Matt. xii. 28; Luke x. 18). But there was danger lest the exorcism practised by Gentiles and Jews alike (see Conybeare, "J. Q. R." ix. 88 et seq.) should engender the spirit of impurity underlying all magic, the dividing line between legitimate and illegitimate magic being anything but sharply drawn (see Book of Jubilees, viii. 2; Sanh. 91a: "Abraham handed the name of unclean witchcraft to the sons of Keturah"; compare Blau, "Das Jüdische Zauberwesen," pp. 15, 23, 41 et seq.). It was, therefore, not hostility which prompted the Pharisees to accuse Jesus and his disciples of "casting out devils by the power of Beelzebub, the prince of devils" (Matt. xii. 24; compare Ben Stada, Shab. 104b). The more devils cast out, the more appeared (Luke xi. 26). The cure offered to an age in constant dread of demons (Acts v. 16, viii. 7, xvi. 16, xix. 12-20) only aggravated the disease; nor did Paul's system (see Everling, "Die Paulinische Angelologie und Dämonologie," 1888) spiritualize the idea of Satan as the Testaments of the Patriarchs endeavored to do, in order to remove the fear of demons (see Eph. vi. 12: Gal. iv. 3, 9).The Law, the Prophylactic Against Demons.
Pharisaism diagnosed the disease of the age differently, and therefore insisted that the observance of the Law was the best prophylactic against demons. The wearing of the Tefillin, the Greek name of which, φυλακτήρια, indicates that they were regarded by the Hellenistic Jews as amulets (comp. Targ. Cant. viii. 3; Gen. R. xxxv.; Men. 33b), the fixing of the Mezuzah at the door, the reading of the Shema 'with the name of God in the first verse, and the putting on of the ẓiẓit, while direct observances of the Law (Deut. vi. 4-9, Num. xvi. 38), were also regarded by the Rabbis as a safeguard against all evil powers (Ber. 5a; Num. 48b). The recital of the set prayers each morning and evening (Ber. 9b), the observance of the commandment of the Sukkah (Pesiḳ. 187b), protect against evil powers. In fact, "the wicked are accompanied by the angels of Satan; the righteous by the angels of God" (Tosef., Shab. xvii. 2-3; compare Book of Jubilees, x. 6). For each commandment observed by man becomes an angel "to guard him against demons" (Ex. R. xxxii. and Tan. ad loc.). "Every observance of the Law is a protection" (Soṭah 21a), and those bent upon doing some sacred work ("sheluḥe miẓwah") need fear no evil powers (Pes. 8b). The priest's blessing also is a protection against malign influences (Num. R. xi.). And as in the Passover night, "the night of watching," Satan was bound and prevented from doing harm to Israel (Book of Jubilees, xlviii. 15; Pes. 109b), so is "the left hand when adorned with the tefillim surrounded with thousands, and the right hand performing acts of religion surrounded with myriads, of guardian angels" (Midr. Teh. to Ps. xci. 4). "Every limb engaged in the fulfilment of a divine commandment is protected against the 'Strong One'" (Pesik. R. ix.; Midr. Teh. to Ps. xxxv.). Thus Pharisaism, while increasing the yoke of ceremonial laws for the sake of love of God, showed a way to overcome the fear of demons. Belief in the power of the Law became the antidote against what may be termed "Satanophobia," and against the spirit of pessimism and asceticism which was fostered by the Essenes and by their Christian heirs.The Philosophers.
Though the belief in demons was greatly encouraged and enlarged in Babylonia under the influence of Parsee notions, demonology never became an essential feature of Jewish theology. The reality of demons was never questioned by the Talmudists and casuists; therefore the Halakah accepted it as a fact (see Shulḥan 'Aruk, Oraḥ Ḥayyim, 4, 2 et seq.; 90, 6; 181, 2; Yoreh De'ah, 116, 5; 179, 16, 19; Eben ha-'Ezer, 17, 10: based upon Shab. 101a, 109a; Ḥul. 105a; Ber. 3a; Pes. 112a; Meg. 3a; Pes. 109b; Yeb. 122a). Nor did most of the medieval thinkers question their reality (see Naḥmanides on Lev. xvii. 7; "Cuzari," v. 14; Crescas, "Or Adonai," iv. 6; Solomon b. Adret, Responsa, i. 413; Moses Tachau, in "Ketab Tamim"; "Oẓar Neḥmad," iii. 97). Only Maimonides, when ignoring or circumscribing the rabbinical references to the demons (see "Yad," Roẓeaḥ, xii. 5; Gerushin, ii. 13 et seq.; compare "Moreh", i. 7, the commentary to Mishnah Pes. iv. 11, and Abot v. 6), and Ibn Ezra, on Lev. xvii. 7, denied their existence.The Cabalists.
The cabalists, on the other hand, not only took up all the ideas expressed in Enoch and Pirḳe R. El.xxxiv., regarding the demons as the spirits of the men of the Flood and as the result of the union of Adam and Lilith, but they made demons form part of the cosmic design in the emanistic system in which the right and the left are the opposite currents of pure and impure powers filling the world and dividing it between the Holy One and the serpent Samael (see Zohar, Bereshit, 47b, 53 et seq., 169b et seq., 174b, and Cabala). But while the malign powers became agencies of the spirit of impurity working in men and nations, there goes along with this view the popular conception of demons as spirits of the dead roaming about as specters and vampires. This latter view is especially prominent in the school of R. Judah of Regensburg, and is dwelt upon in the Book of Raziel and the "Sefer Ḥasidim," 172, 326 et seq. Nevertheless, while the number of the demons of diseases increases (see Güdemann, "Gesch. des Erziehungswesens," 1880, i. 205; Yalḳ., Ḥadash, Mita, 149), and the belief in the efficacy of incantations is firmly adhered to, these writers repeatedly urge their readers not to resort to any conjuration or magic practises, but to have perfect confidence only in prayer and in the power of God. "No one who indulges in such practise will see good results for himself and his house" ("Sefer Ḥasidim," ed. Wistinetzki, Nos. 211 et seq., 1448-57; Güdemann, l.c. 207).Prayers Against Demons.
Notwithstanding this closing admonition of the "Sefer Ḥasidim," many prayers for the warding off of demonic influences have found a place in the Jewish liturgy and the Shulḥan 'Aruk. The privies having been in Talmudic times isolated spots which filled the imagination with specters of fear, a special incantation is prescribed invoking the protection of guardian angels against the evil spirits haunting these places (see Ber. 60b; compare Ber. 62a and Oraḥ Ḥayyim, 13, 1). Most of the prayers to be recited before retiring to bed are intended to guard the sleeper against demons (compare Ber. 4a; Shebu. 15b). At the close of the Sabbath, when the angel Dumah calls all spirits of the wicked back to their place of torment after their Sabbath respite, the evil spirits are supposed to swarm everywhere, poisoning the wells and doing harm in many ways; wherefore Psalm xci. is recited (see Pesiḳ. R. xxiii.; Sheeltot, Bereshit; Tanya, xxi.; Ha-Manhig, Shabbat, 65; Solomon b. Adret, Responsa, 1119; Kol Bo, xli.). See Dumah.
As early as geonic times there was a special incantatory formula, to be recited before drinking from the cup of the Habdalah wine, against "the demon Puta, the prince of forgetfulness," that "by the power of the holy names of the angels Arimaz, Arimas [Ahuramazda?], Ansisel, and Petahel, he may be cast upon the high mountains [Alburz]" ("Seder Rab Amram," i. 31). To this Isaac Luria added new features in the form of incantations against all the demons, and instead of "Puta" he read "Purah," connecting it with Isa. lxiii. 1 as the name of Esau-Samael (see Isaac Luria, "Tiḳḳune Shabbat," and Ḳiẓẓur Shelah, "Moẓe'e Shabbat"; compare M. Brück, "Pharisäische Volkssitten," 1840, p. 121; Brüll, l.c.).
Death at all times impressed people with the fear of evil spirits. Many rites and prayer-formulas were introduced to avert their malign influence, and special formulas for the dying were prescribed by the cabalists, by which all the demons—the shedim, ruḥin, lilin, mazziḳim, etc.—that may have been created by the impure thoughts and deeds of the departing, are adjured, by the Holy Decrees, the Powers of Heaven, and the anathemas of men, not to follow the dead nor injure him, nor in any way, direct or indirect, to cause injury to any person through him (see "Ma'abar Yabboḳ," ed. Landshut, pp. 30-33, Berlin, 1857, and introduction, where the literature is given; Amulet; Childbirth; Incantations). Customs are sometimes explained by the superstitious as being based upon belief in demons; for instance, the one prohibiting women from going to a cemetery because demons are fond of following her who yielded to the temptation of the serpent and thus caused death to come into the world, or the custom of blowing the shofar at funerals to ward off the shedim (see Yalḳ., Ḥadash, l.c. 47).
- Herzog-Hauck, Real-Encyc. s.v. Feldgeister und Dämonische;
- L. Löw, in Ben Chananja, 1858, i. 150-154;
- Hamburger, R. B. T. s.v. Geister;
- Winer, B. R. s.v. Gespenster;
- M. Kalisch, Commentary on Leviticus, 1872, ii. 310-319;
- Weber, System der Altsynagogalen Theologie, Index;
- Schorr, in He-Ḥaluẓ, 1865, vii. 17 et seq.; 1869, viii. 8 et seq.;
- Fuller, in Wace's Apocrypha, 1888, i. 176, 183 et seq.;
- Edersheim, Life and Times of Jesus, ii. 752-760, 771;
- Kohut, Angelologie und Dämonologie in Ihrer Abhängigkeit vom Parsismus, 1896.
Ante-Islamic mythology does not discriminate between gods and demons. The jinn are considered as divinities of inferior rank, having many human attributes: they eat, drink, and procreate their kind (compare Ḥag. 16a, where a similar belief is expressed), sometimes in conjunction with human beings; in which latter case the offspring shares the natures of both parents. The jinn smell and lick things, and have a liking for remnants of food. In eating they use the left hand ("Manaḳib Al-Ansar," No. 32). Usually they haunt waste and deserted places, especially the thickets where wild beasts gather. Cemeteries and dirty places are also favorite abodes (compare Shab. 67a; Ber. 62b; Mark v. 5). In appearing to man they assume sometimes the forms of beasts and sometimes those of men; but they always have some animal characteristic, such as a paw in place of a hand (Darimi, "Kitab al-Sunnah," ii. 213). Eccentric movements of the dust-whirlwind ("zawabi'") are taken to be the visible signs of a battle between two clans of jinn (Yaḳut, iii. 478).
Under the influence of Jewish and Christian demonology in post-Islamic times, the only animals directly identified with the jinn are snakes and other obnoxious creeping things (compare Pes. 112a). When Mohammed was on his way to Tabuk, it is said that a swarm of jinn, assuming the form of serpents, approached him and stood still for a long while.
Generally jinn are peaceable and well disposed toward men. Many an ante-Islamic poet was believed to have been inspired by good jinn; and Mohammed himself was accused by his adversaries of having been inspired by jinn ("majnun"). But there arealso evil jinn, who contrive to injure men. Among these are specially conspicuous the three female demons named "Ghul" (corresponding to the Talmudical
Islam recognized the existence of all the pagan demons, good and evil, protesting only against their being considered gods. It divides the evil demons into five species: "jann," "jinn," "shaiṭans," "afrits," and "marids." Mohammed frequently refers in the Koran to the shaiṭans, of whom Iblis is the chief. Iblis, probably a corruption of the name "Diabolos" = Satan, is said to have been deprived of authority over the animal and spirit kingdoms, and sentenced to death, when he refused, at the creation of Adam, to prostrate himself before him (Koran, vii. 13). The shaiṭans are the children of Iblis, and are to die when their father dies; whereas the others, though they may live many centuries, must die before him. A popular belief says that Iblis and other evil demons are to survive mankind, though they will die before the general resurrection; the last to die being 'Azaril, the angel of death.
Tradition attributes to Mohammed the statement that every man has an angel and a demon appointed to attend him. The former guides him toward goodness, while the latter leads him to evil ("Mishkat," i. ch. 3). The shaiṭans, being the enemies of Allah, strive to disturb worshipers. Mohammed, it is said, prefaced his prayers with "O God! In Thee I am seeking for a refuge from the attacks of the shaiṭan and his witchcraft" (Ḥamzah, vii. 293). Among the evil jinn are distinguished the five sons of Iblis: "Ṭir," who brings about calamities and injuries; "Al-A'war," who encourages debauchery; "Suṭ," who suggests lies; "Dasim," who causes hatred between man and wife; and "Zalambur," who presides over places of traffic. It was in order to keep them away that the faithful were commanded the cleansings and fumigations which are unbearable to the shaiṭans, who delight in dirt and filth (Waḳidi, ii. 178). The pronouncing of the "takbir" formula ("Allah akbar" =Allah is very great) is also a means of driving them away. Mohammed, it is said, pronounced it in his travels whenever the appearance of the region changed, lest it might be enchanted. In later times amulets were invented to which were ascribed the virtue of protecting their bearers from the attacks of demons.
As in cabalistic literature, the cat plays a great part in Islamic demonology. A demon assuming the form of a cat is said to have presented himself to Mohammed while he was praying (Darimi, l.c. ii. 449). The demons called "Ḳuṭrus" usually assumed the form of cats (Mas'udi, "Muruj al-Dhahab," iii. 321). As to the good jinn, there are some among them who profess Islamism, and Mohammed pretended that many of them had listened to his sermons (Koran, sura lxxii.).
Interesting are the accounts given in the Koran of the power of Solomon over the shaiṭans, which accounts parallel the legends found in Talmud and Midrashim, and of which the following are examples:
"And we [subjected] to Solomon sundry devils to dive for him, and do other works; and we watched over them" (sura xxi. 81, 82). "And we tried Solomon, and we placed upon his throne a counterfeit body. . . . So we subjected unto him the wind, which moved gently at his command whithersoever he desired; and the devils also—every builder and diver bound in chains" (sura xxxviii. 33-37). "And of the jinn were those who worked in his presence by the will of the Lord; and such of them as swerved from our command we caused to taste of the punishment of hell. They made for him whatever he pleased of lofty halls and images, and dishes large as tanks for watering camels" (sura xxxiv. 11-12).
In the tradition it is said that Solomon possessed power over the demons by virtue of a talisman, which consisted of a signet-ring of brass, upon which was engraved the most great name of God.
- Wellhausen, Reste Arabischen Heidenthums, pp. 148 et seq.;
- Goldziher, Abhandlungen zur Arabischen Philologie, i. 3, 107, 198, 205;
- Freytag, Einleitung in die Arabische Sprache, p. 167;
- E. W. Lane, Arabian Society in the Middle Ages, pp. 25 et seq.;
- W. R. Smith, Semitic Religions, pp. 122 et seq.


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How many As IF Sit DOWNs can you throw at one person at a time?
A few years ago, Lindsay Lohan declared that she intended to win an Oscar by the time she was 30. We laughed. In comparison to Kellan Lutz though, Lohan's comment about WANTING to win an Oscar seems less offensive. Because he isn't just saying he'd LIKE to win one, he's PREDICTING that he WILL WIN ONE.
The headline caught my eye just now on JustJared. Lutz gave an interview to a magazine during which he makes the following statement:
"I want to act for the rest of my life. I'll win an Oscar one day, but I'm in no rush to get there. I don't care if that takes me 50 years, and I'm old. I just love what I do."
It's like, you know, Oscar's just waiting around for him, isn't it? Kellan Lutz is taking his time. If Kellan wanted one next year, it could happen. But he's in no hurry, OK?
You know who's never won a Best Actor Oscar?
Gary Oldman.
And, sadly, he may never.
But along comes the under-evolved Kellan Lutz with his future Oscar like he's been holding back some talent that he'll unleash in our faces when he's good and ready and, world, when he's ready, you better prepare yourselves because Marlon Brando will be brought down to Justin Timberlake's level of acting when Kellan Lutz is done with us, you hear?
I mean, couldn't you see it in Twilight? Every time he broke off a branch? Couldn't you see evidence that he's the greatest thespian of all time being contained by his veiny bicep? I guess it's because he didn't want to upstage his co-stars. Kellan Lutz is so generous that way.
So there's your heads up -- the one who reads in trees with a paparazzi audience will one day win an Oscar.

subset: commoncrawl


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As some of you may have noticed Shin Tanaka recently teamed up with Toyota and made his new creation with feature of cars. Model looks just like this
These models are downloadable through itunes app store and lucky you if you possess either of iphone or ipad whatever...:)
I am not iphone user my self and personally would love to ask for help if any of you were willing to share its template with me so that NPT member with no Iphone are still able to make their own. Thanks for cooperation!
Views: 1142
I'm with meth!
Matching bodies anyone? And what's with the builds I see? Arms on backwards and feet not glued together.
here are some blank versions if anyone would like them
oh.. ive design 1 for a friend something like this but shins much beter looking..
but mine not ios5.. what a pity
Thanks eddie ^_^
apparently the bottom half is just usual body that Shin uses for other model (e.g. Homie and Br) and mirror is fairly simple too. So I reckon it is not too hard to replicate body I think?
but it's funny how they have indicated cuts for hole on the bottom of head and still does not come with rest of body parts...
Strange the body isn't included. Sorry everyone.
Thanks so much.
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Export 10 results:Author Title Type [ Year]
Filters: Author is Jonathan E. Sinton [Clear All Filters]
China's industrial sector in an international context. Vol. 29. 2000. LBNL-46273..
"Industrial energy efficiency policy in China." 2001 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry, 5/1/2001. Vol. 2. 2001. LBNL-50452..
"Large historical changes of fossil-fuel black carbon aerosols." Geophysical Research Letters 30.6 (2002). LBNL-50881..
Development of an Energy Conservation Voluntary Agreement: Pilot Project in the Steel Sector in Shandong Province. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; China Energy Conservation Association, 2003. LBNL-51608..
Voluntary Agreements for Increasing Energy-Efficiency in Industry: Case Study of a Pilot Project with the Steel Industry in Shandong Province, China. Vol. 28. 2003. LBNL-52714..
Voluntary agreements in the industrial sector in China. Vol. 2. 2003. LBNL-52715..
Development of an energy conservation voluntary agreement pilot project in the steel sector in Shandong. Vol. 28. 2004. LBNL-51608 Chinese..
"Energy use and carbon dioxide emissions from steel production in China." Energy 27 (2004). LBNL-47205..
Sectoral trends in global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. 2006. LBNL-56144..


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Anne Hathaway
American actress
Anne Jacqueline Hathaway (born 12 November 1982) is an American actress.
|This Actor article is a stub. You can help Wikiquote by expanding it.
- I was hanging out the other night with a bunch of friends I've known forever. They were saying, "Look at you. You've grown into a swan." I looked at them and said, "My awkward phase lasted about three years longer than all of yours combined." I related to the physical and emotional awkwardness Mia goes through. She has incredibly low self-esteem. A lot of my life was spent having the same thing, but I'm getting over that now.
- As quoted in "Anne Hathaway : Royal Role" by Jeffrey Epstein at E! Online (20 July 2001)
- Taking a year off and going to school was the best thing I could have done after The Princess Diaries. It taught me that I don't need Hollywood or a job to make me happy.
- As quoted at Teenpeople.com (May 2002)
- We've all done things we shouldn't, it's just I did stuff at college, when nobody knew about it, so I'm not a saint. … I wasted time doing self-destructive things but it didn't work. I found out you can only dance on so many tabletops. I got that all out of my system and now I'm healthy and I'm grounded.
- Before I met him, I wasted so much time. I was just annoying and narcissistic, and smelled bad. He's protective without being possessive, passionate without needing to show his temper. I'm sorry, I know I sound insipid.
- On her boyfriend, Raffaello Follieri, as quoted in "Anne Hathaway : I'm Not a Saint" in People magazine (20 February 2007)
- My entire film career's been dependent on my ability to look unattractive.


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Cooked to order breakfast all day for take out only thru December.
Call 274-0074 if you have questions.
Regular Menu
Dinner Box & Growlers
Two traditional German style Bratwurst on a bed of sauteed cabbage & onions, warm German potato salad and freshly made beer bread. $20
Draft Beer
Call, come in, or order on line for curbside pickup
64oz. growlers yours or ours.
Check out the cellar items we have currently.
So many beers...turns out, one lifetime is not enough.
Ayinger - Pilsner 5. or 20.
Mahr's Christmas Bock 5. or 20.
Bearpaw River - Frontiersman IPA 5. or 20.
Arkose - Amber Earth ESB 5. or 20.
Arkose - Boxcar #5 Porter 5. or 20.
Alaskan - Barley Wine '07 8. or 30.
Deschutes - Reserve Black Butte XXVI '14 8. or 30.
Trappiste Beers
There are 10 Trappiste monastery breweries in the world. Six are from Belgium, one is from Austria, two from the Netherlands and a new one in the USA. Featured on our list are four of the Belgians and the Austrian. The Dutch born La Trappe has some limited availability, and Maria Toevlucht has been recently granted Trappiste Brewery status. The American St. Joseph's Abbey has begun distribution only in the Massachusetts area and may find its way here soon. The 6th Belgian, Westvleteren, has some of the world's most sought after and hard to come by beers.
Abbey of Scourmont Chimay White 330 $10.50
"Cinq Cents" Fruity touches of Muscat and dried raisins. A great freshness followed by a pleasant bitter aftertaste. 8%
Abbey of Orval Trappiste Ale 330 $11.00
Fruity bouquet, firm body & profound hop bitterness.
Abbey of Westmalle Dubbel 330 $10.50
Rich, complex, herby and fruity with a fresh-bitter finish.
Abbey of St.-Remy de Rochefort 10 330 $13.00
Dark and complex with a firm malt backbone.
Wittekerke Wit 355 $6.00
A very pleasant drink. Light with a crisp refreshing flavor.
Bavik Super Pils 330 $5.00
A clear, clean, aromatic pilsner like no other.
Tripel Karmeliet Bosteels 330 $10.00
Brewed with barley, wheat and oats. A classic Tripel.
Piraat 330 $9.00
Spicy, fruity amber colored with low hop bitterness
330 $9.00
Strong ale & most popular Belgian beer in Amsterdam.
Kwak Bosteels
330 $9.50
Strong amber ale served in original coachman's glass.
Petrus Aged Pale
330 $10.00
Still the reference for sour beers in the US and so tasty.
Petrus Aged Red
330 $10.00
15% Foeder beer, 85% Double Brown with cherries.
Gulden Draak
330 $10.00
A dark brown Triple with malt toffee-like sweetness.
Cuvee Rene Gueuze Lindemans
355 $14.00
An elegant & festive beer, golden in color, spritzy with tiny bubbles, flavorful and fruity after a wake or tartness.
Framboise Lindemans
355 $12.50
Delicate palate of raspberries with some acidity. Elegant.
United Kingdom
Sam Smith Organic Apricot Beer 550 $12.00
Rich and full of apricot flavor. Brewed with organic malts.
Belhaven Black 500 $6.00
Rich and bursting with roast coffee and chocolate flavors. This is a truly genuine and premium Scottish stout. 4.2%
Young's Double Chocolate Stout 500 $9.50
Chocolate malt ad real dark chocolate are combined for a satisfyingly indulgent, but never overly sweet experience.
Traquair 2020
330 $15.00
Barleywine brewed to celebrate the first decade of the 21st century. This brewery is siduated in Scotland's oldest inhabted house. Savor the authentic taste of Scotland.
Sunner Kolsch 500 $8.00
Brewed in the long Sunner brewing tradition. Aromatic with soft and spicy flavor. Light and refreshing. 5.4%
Weihenstephan Kristall Weis
500 $9.00
The color of gold and all the aroma of summertime.
Schneider Edelweisse 500 $9.00
Traditional Bavarian wheat beer, crisp and refreshing.
Andechs Vollbier Hells
500 $9.50
Traditional brewing made by monks of Benedictine order
Schneider Aventinus 500 $9.50
A Wheat Dopple Bock with great effervescence.
Ayinger Celebrator 330 $7.50
Rich dark malts, full bodied and flavorful. A classic
United States and Other Countries
Stiegl Grapefruit Radler
500 $7.00
Stiel Goldbrau and grapefuit juice, a refreshing combo.
Pilsner Urquell
550 $6.00
A malty sweetness building into a balanced yet clean mouthfeel. This is the first golden pilsner brewed in the time honored Czech tradition enjoyed since 1842.
North Coast Brewing Old Rasputin
355 $6.50
Russian Imperial Stout, brewed in the tradition of English brewers who supplied the court of Catherine the Great. 9%
Mead & Cider
Celestial Meads Belgique
6oz $10.00
Sweet Methyglyn made with coriander and orange peel.
Sam Smith Organic Cider
550 $9.50
Crisp, clean flavor & dry finish. Perfect for any season
JK Scrumpy Northern Neighbor 500 $8.00
Saskatoon berries make for a refreshingly crisp flavor.
Seasonal European Beers
N'Ice Chouffe Winter Bier
330 $8.00
Dark but refreshing with great effervescence
De Ranke Pere Noel
330 $10.00
A refreshing dryness and a gorgeous cellar aroma.
St feuillien Noel
330 $8.00
Roasted malt with dynamic flavors of Belgian yeast.
De la Senne Xmas Zinnebir
330 $8.00
Hoppy and dark Flemish style
Smiske Kerst
330 $11.00
Notes of chocolate, apple, cherry, and raisins.
De Troch Winter Lambic
375 $11.00
Age old methods using spontaneous fermentation.
Sam Smith Winter Welcome 550 $11.00
A holiday tradition from the other side of the pond.
Hjul & Stejle 650 $16.00
From Bryggeriet Djaevlbryg, a ryebrett ale for the
winter season. Only brewers would name a beer after an ancient execution device, or "The Breaking Wheel"..00
Intriguing Offerings
Mimosa $8.
Sparkling Brut and orange juice served up in a tall flute glass.
Bloody Mary $8.
Spicy house made Bloody Mary mix with Petrov Reserve and all the appropriate garnishes.
Strawberry Rhubarb Fruit Wine – Bear Creek Winery (Homer, AK) $8. $32.
A sweet and refreshing offering from our friends down south. A burst of home grown Alaskan fruit flavors in every glass.
Sparkling Offerings
Cava - Codorniu Clasico (Spain) $7. $28.
Since 1872 Cava has been produced with distinctive, delicate, flavors of apple, toasted almond and fine bubbles. Cheers!
Sparkling Rosé – Jansz Tasmania Sparkling Rosé (Tasmania) $9.50 $38.
Jansz Tasmania has coupled old world inspiration with new world innovation to craft this unique style. Pale Salmon in color with a fine bead, this wine has a rich floral bouquet of strawberries with a soft creamy palate.
Riesling – J. Lohr Bay Mist White Riesling `16 (CA) $6. $24.
A varietal with a rich history in Spain and the Southern Rhone Valley of France. A small production wine from San Luis Obispo, this cool climate full-bodied effort has classic characteristics of ripe, juicy fruit and balanced by bright minerality.
Sauvignon Blanc - Mason Cellers '15(CA) $6.50 $26.
Aromas of fragrant orange blossom, ruby grapefruit, and white peah set on a light body with pops of lime zest.
Penot Grigio - Mason Cellars '15(CA) $6.50 $26.
Lush pear flavors rounded into a honeyed-sweet and crisp finish.
Chardonnay – Fat Bastard Wine
$6. $24.
A rich, golden yellow color with complex aromas of vanilla and honey suckle layered wih subtle nuances of oak. On the palate, this wine has a full body with an eruption of tropical fruit flavors that develop into a long, toasty finish.
Tempranillo - Vina Bujanda '14(Spain)
$6.50 $38.
This is a fresh wine having seen no oak and a medium bodied sipper meant to be paird with light fare.
Red Blend - Marietta Cellars Christo Lot 3 (CA)
$7.50 $32.
Gorgeous blend of Syrah. Petite Sirah, Grenache and Viognier you'll find layers of flavors. You can taste the integrity.
Shiraz – Yalumba Patchwork Shiraz `12 (Australia) $8.50 $34.
Opens with lush dark cherry, licorice spice and wild flower notes that lead into a brambly herbal savor with smoky earth tones. On the palate a satin textured dark mulberry and plum appears with a jazzy acidity lifting the gravelly fruit.


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- Home
- Flies
- Steel Head Flies
- Royal Wulff Steelhead
Product Description
Steelhead and salmon flies can often be used interchangeably depending on color preference and conditions. A few generalizations: chum salmon usually prefer green or fluorescent green and, less often, will be attracted to pink and red; king salmon usually stick with fluorescent green, pink and red but at times prefer darker combos of black and purple; sockeye salmon are most often attracted to orange patterns. Of course these preferences may change depending upon weather and water conditions. Traditionally salmon flies, both Pacific salmon and Atlantic salmon, were expensive and often rare because of the feathers required (some flies were even outlawed because the feathers came from birds on the endangered species list). Our hand tied flies, though, mimic the important aspects of once expensive and rare salmon flies without the expensive or outlawed materials, giving you the best of both worlds: great quality and lower cost.


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Tag Archives: Historic Japanese Car Gathering
EVENTS: The Bayline Gathering, Part 04
Our final installment of the Bayline Gathering kicks off with one of the Bay Area's infamous Bluebirds that are not 510s. Remember the Appliance-shod 710 from Part 03? This tsurikawa strappin' Datsun 610 is his partner in crime. Despite the mismatched Longchamps and MKIs it exudes shakotan cool.


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Patrol info for U-590
Date lookup for 19 Jun 1942
|Arrival / Fate
|3 May 1942
|St. Nazaire
|25 Jun 1942
|St. Nazaire
|54 days
Officers *
Kptlt. Heinrich Müller-Edzards
Oblt. Eberhard Hüttemann
U-590's position on 19 Jun 1942
Wolfpack operations during this patrol
U-590 operated with the following Wolfpacks during this patrol
Hecht (8 May 1942 - 18 Jun 1942)
Ships hit by U-590 on this date
General Events during this patrol
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Attacks on U-590 during this patrol
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Return to see the full info on this patrol
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* These are officers that later became commanders themselves.


text: Actively focus on defining your career goals You are just about to complete your dissertation, or have already done so. Time to take stock. Around two years after completing your doctorate, you should have decided whether your career is heading into academia or elsewhere. Opinions differ. Just before graduation, around 47% of economists and 56% of humanities and social scientists strive for an academic career (SBFI 2014). Despite the fact that chances of a permanent employment are not too bright. In Germany, less than 20% of the postdocs have a chance of a permanent position in academia (Jahn 2013). That figure is likely to be similar for Switzerland. The career goal question becomes a little easier if you split it into two: 1. Is science my best skill? 2. Is science what I want to keep doing? Let the scientific community be the judge of your academic talent. After all, they are the ones who will assess you when it comes to applications for third-party funding, publications and job appliations. What kind of feedback do get from your Ph.D. supervisor, from the expert audiences, from review panels, and for postdoc applications? You may use all of this as a yardstick for your academic performance. In terms of whether to carry on or not, you have to decide for yourself. You have spent the last few years discovering how the academic world works. You know what is required in the academic context and in your personal life. Do these requirements match your individual strengths, needs and values? The following questions can be helpful in the decision-making process (based on Müller, 2014): What does my academic track record look like? Are there experienced academics who are willing to support me? Have I managed to find a place within the scientific community where I feel comfortable and where I am recognised? Are there other topics in research I'm passionate about? Am I willing to commit to a few more years in temporary employment? Can I imagine moving multiple times for work in the next few years? What other career options might be attractive? Will I have these options in 10 years' time? How much time am I willing to give myself to make decisions about my career path? References: Jahn, R. (2013): Postdocs – A Neglected Group in the German Academic System. Postdoctoral Career Paths 2.0: The Golden Triangle of Competitive Junior Investigators, Adequate Academic Systems, and Successful Careers. Proceedings of the 7th Forum on the Internationalization of Sciences and Humanities. November 15–16, 2013. Berlin. Müller, M. (2014): Promotion – Postdoc – Professur. Karriereplanung in der Wissenschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Campus. Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation (SBFI) (2014): Massnahmen zur Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses in der Schweiz. Bericht des Bundesrats in Erfüllung des Postulats WBK-SR (12.3343). Trainings March 8 & 15, 2019: Designing your life: Creating a meaningful work and life using design thinking | Details und Anmeldung March 12, 2019: Wie weiter nach der Diss - Karriereplanung für angehende und kürzlich Promovierte | Details und Anmeldung


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Your Treatment from doctors with HIGH success rate(Quality) should Cost between
|Min (Rs.)
|Max (Rs.)
|Testicular Biopsy
Your Treatment from doctors with GOOD success rate(Quality) should Cost between
|Min (Rs.)
|Max (Rs.)
|Testicular Biopsy
Your Treatment from doctors withFAIR success rate(Quality) should Cost between
|Min (Rs.)
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|Testicular Biopsy
the cost of IVF treatment in India ciepends on several factors including the experience of the fertility doctor, complexity of the couple's case as well as utilization of donated sperms, eggs or embryos. The requirement of additional treatments such as ICSI treatment and Assisted hatching procedure along with IVF also increases the cost.
Need help in Selecting your treatment
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D. Y Patil Fertility & IVF Centre
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Parel, Mumbai
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Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar
OVO Health's Fair Treatment Cost makes sure that the patients receive fair treatment prices and suggestions vvhich are purely unbiased bringing the transparency in the system at no additional costs.
It provides the user with the range of fertility treatment cost based on the success rates of the treatment which enable them to make smart and wise decision.
It provides the user with the range of fertility treatment cost based on the success rates of the treatment which enable them to make smart and wise decision.
The prices for any fertility treatments are calculated by taking into consideration the market price of the treatment at various fertility centres and hospitals in the respective city.
The success rate of IVF treatment in India is around 70%. The success rates of IVF treatment in India depends on several factors including stimulation protocol utilized by the fertility doctor, advanced medical technology at the hospital as well as features of andrology and IVF lab.
Not necessarily. In one of the recent researches in the field of IVF procedures, 1 out of every 34 babies born from IVF treated mothers is twins or triplets. So, you can see the ratio and understand the chances of occurrence of twin or triplet pregnancy.
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Male infertility problems are seen in a vast percentage of couples all over the world. A male fertility specialist or an andrologist is someone who deals exclusively with reproductive health treatments of men. For men who have male infertility, usually, there are no signs and symptoms except that he and his partner are not able to have a child despite trying for a while, usually a year or more. In such a situation both the partners get in touch with their fertility doctor in India for reproductive evaluation in order to find and eliminate the root cause of the problem. Treatment for male infertility is totally related to the cause or the reason of infertility as there is a wide range of different infertility evaluation process and treatments leading to the diagnosis of causes of male infertility. Sometimes, the cause is the decreasing ability to produce sperms, therefore, a fertility treatment to increase the productivity of sperms is given to the male partner. Other times, it could be due to hormonal reasons and steps are taken by doctors to alter the hormones in such a way that it naturally increases sperm production. Sometimes, in cases like that of Varicocele, a surgery is required. Varicocele is a dilated vein in the testicular area, which can lead to a decrease in natural sperm production. A surgical procedure is conducted to improve sperm count and production in case of varicocele. Twelve months of unprotected intercourse is a general guideline before a couple starts to seek fertility treatment and evaluation. For some couples, couples in their thirties, a time frame of six months is generally recommended to get an infertility evaluation done in order to speed up their conception process. Many times, when couples have difficulty in achieving pregnancy, it is because of the male partner. Contrary to the societal belief that women are usually the problem, studies have found that men can contribute to fertility issues in 40-50 percent of couples. The sperm count is usually the first sign when you may notice that something is wrong. When any kind of abnormalities in a semen sample is observed, it should be evaluated by a fertility specialist. When the percentage of motile sperms is low, or there is the presence of abnormally shaped sperms, it can contribute to abnormal male fertility. Sometimes the treatment options could be medical wherein men may have hormonal imbalance it is when he is given oral medications that usually can correct any type of hormonal dysfunction. Sometimes, a man can be infertile because of abnormal hormonal secretions relating to a brain tumor, so at times, they may need brain surgery. Other times a surgical treatment is required when the problem is of obstruction, where sperm cannot come out properly. In such cases, surgical procedures are conducted to help sperms come out properly. Sometimes sperm retrieval is done through testicular biopsy where a tissue sample from the testicle is retrieved for laboratory analysis. If you are also having fertility related issues, OVO Health can help you find the best doctor apart from helping you with the accurate estimate of testicular biopsy cost in India.
Testicular Biopsy is done when a piece or sample of tissues is extracted from the testicles to analyze it in the fertility laboratories. The tissue is analyzed under a microscope in the laboratories in Testicular Biopsy centres in India. Testicular biopsy or aspiration is usually performed in the cases when a male partner has obstructive azoospermia. In azoospermia and obstruction, sperms are taken either through aspiration or through a testicular biopsy. The sperms are then sent in the IVF labs for performing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) methods such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) or Intrauterine Insemination (IUI). Usually, the testicular biopsy is performed for males who have obstructive azoospermia. Usually, the patient is discharged on the same day of the procedure. The patient is generally put on an oral course of antibiotics and is advised to avoid doing heavy activities for at least one week.
In simple terms, azoospermia can be referred to as 'no sperm count'. The medical condition of male infertility where either there is a blockage in the reproductive tract or the sperm production is impaired or absent in the ejaculate, is called as azoospermia. Based on several studies, it can be said that 10 percent of male infertility cases are due to azoospermia. Azoospermia is further categorized into two types, Obstructive and Non-Obstructive Azoospermia.
Obstructive azoospermia is when there is a blockage in the reproductive tract of the male partner and a non-obstructive azoospermia is when the sperm production is impaired.
The obstructions in obstructive azoospermia can occur in the epididymis, vas deferens and in the ejaculatory duct. In some cases, radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer treatment can also cause azoospermia. In Epididymis, the blockage can occur due to an epididymitis infection, any injury in the scrotal, inflammation and genetic disorders. In vas deferens, a microsurgical repair can help in fixing the blockage or obstruction which is caused due to any trauma or injury, surgery for hernia repair and fibrosis. In the ejaculatory duct obstruction, an endoscopic surgery can fix the obstruction by restoring the sperms to the semen. In ejaculatory duct blockage, the obstruction can occur as consequences of a prior surgery, trauma and infections.
Azoospermia is diagnosed when there is no sperm found in the ejaculated semen. When sperms are found absent in the ejaculation, it is either due to obstruction in the male reproductive tract or some issue with the sperm production. The fertility doctors in India perform the following activities as a part of the diagnosis.
Male infertility can be defined as a medical condition wherein, a couple is unable to conceive for a year or more. Some of the major male infertility causes are:
A testicular biopsy is generally performed in order to investigate the cause of male infertility after conducting hormonal assays and semen analysis. The procedure is also performed to evaluate men with risks of testicular cancer. It is to be noted that testicular biopsy is rarely conducted to test testicular cancer as it can lead to the spread of cancer. There are two types of testicular biopsy:
The advancement of modern technologies has lessened the risk of testicular biopsy. But the patients should know the side effects or risks associated with testicular biopsy prior to the procedure. The procedure usually has temporary and in some cases, severe side-effects but if you notice excessive bleeding or infection post procedure, contact ovohealth.com. The other side effects of testicular biopsy are:
You can talk to the fertility experts at ovohealth.com to discuss possible risk factors associated with a testicular biopsy.
Testicular biopsy cost in India is economical as compared to the first world countries. The average testicular biopsy cost in India ranges from Rs6144.6 - Rs28674.8. The cost in India varies from one testicular biopsy centre in India to another. The various factors that affect the cost of testicular biopsy in India can be the location and infrastructure of the testicular biopsy centre in India, expertise, and qualifications of doctors and success rates of testicular biopsy in India. You can visit ovohealth.com to get the accurate information about testicular biopsy cost in India.
The testicular biopsy cost in India depends on factors such as the qualification and expertise of the IVF doctors, availability of modern and advanced medical amenities at the fertility clinics or hospital, testicular biopsy success rates in India, and the unique medical history of the couple with respect to fertility treatments.
There are some special instructions provided by the doctor post the procedure of testicular biopsy which helps the patient in a speedy recovery. Instructions may vary depending on the type and complexity of biopsy. In most cases, the patient is advised to avoid sexual activity to prevent any further infection for a week or two after the procedure. The patient is especially informed about the discomfort at the site of incision, swelling or discoloration in the scrotum and a small amount of bleeding which are normal side-effects of a testicular biopsy procedure. An ice pack can be used in order to lessen the swelling. If the pain or swelling increases, the patient can contact ovohealth. At Ovo Health, you can get complete information in connection to the fertility or reproductive health treatments by our fertility experts who are always happy to help you. You can get to know the best fertility centre in India and testicular biopsy cost in India at ovohealth.com.
Fair Treatment Cost is an algorithmic pricing engine exclusively provided by Ovo Health at which you can find and calculate an unbiased fair cost of almost all fertility treatments. OVO Health also makes sure that transparency, which is the key feature of Ovo Health, is maintained throughout. There are no hidden costs except for the one mentioned along with the treatments. In five easy steps, you can get an accurate estimate of the cost of a particular. The five steps are:
Once you are done with the testicular biopsy procedure, the extracted tissue sample is sent to the laboratories and the sample is analyzed by the pathologists under a microscope. The pathologist looks out for any defects in sperm development or sperm production.
The results of the procedure depict the actual cause of infertility and whether zero sperm count or an obstruction is the cause of infertility. In some cases, the vas deferens blockage which carries sperm from the testicles is said to be the reason for this of infertility. Abnormal results of the procedure can be due to spermatocele, testicular cancer and orchitis.
OVO Health helps in recommending the right treatment and fertility expert for you. The IVF specialists associated with us are trained exclusively in the evaluation of male infertility and sexual dysfunction. The medical personnel has received several years of training in male reproductive anatomy and physiology. At Ovo Health, our fertility experts understand that even miracles, sometimes need a helping hand. Ovo Health is among one of the leading and fastest growing IVF, IUI. treatments facilitator countries. Visit ovohealth.com to know about the best IVF doctors in India and testicular biopsy cost in India.
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Desert Sage Library is located on Encanto Boulevard west of 75th Avenue and south of the Desert Sky Mall. Visit Valley Metro for public transportation routes serving the library.
Monday - ClosedTuesday - 11 a.m. to 7 p.m.Wednesday - 11 a.m. to 7 p.m.Thursday - 11 a.m. to 7 p.m.Friday - 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.Saturday - 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.Sunday - 1 to 5 p.m.
Desert Sage Library's design highlights include a stone exterior facade, entry court with desert landscaping, and interior window seating. Desert landscaping by Gregory K. Flanagan & Associates includes sweet acacia, Texas ebony, Chilean mesquite, and varieties of sage.
The library offers special collections of large print and Spanish-language materials.
A multi-purpose meeting room seats 61.
Desert Sage Library has meeting space available to rent. Learn more.
You can also reserve and pay for the room through our online reservation system.
Print any document or web page virtually from your Internet-connected device to a printer at Desert Sage Library. Learn more or print now.
Size: 13,400 square feetOpened: July 2, 1997Architect: Dick and Fritsche Design Group
City of Phoenix Council District: 7
Contact us with any questions you have about the Library, your account and more.
For immediate assistance please telephone the Call Center at (602) 262-4636 during our business hours.


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Cadel Evans (BMC Racing) is hoping that the good weather holds for this weekend's mountain romp in the Giro d'Italia. The Corsa Rosa is due to climb the Jafferau in north-west Italy and France's famous Galibier pass – both at risk due to snow.
"The Galibier pass is at 2650 metres and anything can happen," the Australian told the Sydney Morning Herald via telephone after Friday's stage to Cherasco.
Following a rain-soaked day to Treviso, where Bradley Wiggins (Sky) abandoned the Giro d'Italia, the sun came out for Friday. No one knows if the good weather will stick.
"We will just have to wait and see what happens and be prepared … The Galibier is at 2650 meters, that's 500 metres higher than [Australia's highest peak] Mount Kosciuszko! But as a rider, you prepare for all the options and then do it."
Organiser RCS Sport is preparing possible re-routes for the 14th and 15th legs this weekend. Saturday's stage may simply finish in Bardonecchia, at the foot of the Jafferau and Sunday's stage could undergo a complete make over.
Instead of climbing to 2642 metres, where the 2011 Tour de France visited, the race may finish 18.1 kilometres below in Valloire. That's not all. The RCS Sport may have to nix the Col du Mont Cenis.
Evans trails in the overall by only 41 seconds to Italy's Vincenzo Nibali (Astana). The rest of Nibali's major rivals stand around two minutes behind. Any route modification will make a difference.
"I don't know if Nibali is climbing better than me because we have only had the one uphill finish, and he finished just ahead of me," Evans continued. "If that means he is climbing better than me then that would mean less climbs is better for me, but at the same time I think I am coming a bit better in the mountains and I am still improving."
Vincenzo Nibali wants to see the race stay as it is.
"First of all, I hope it's not too cold, that's very important for me and all the peloton. It's not nice riding in the snow," he said in a press conference. "In the GC, Evans is close and so I have to do something. I'm feeling good, and I've got to try in the next few mountains."
Only Mother Nature knows. Race technical director, Mauro Vegni will wait until the morning to see what she delivers before making the final call.


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Ashley Miller's post about her father disowning her because she's dating a black man has justifiably gotten a lot of attention, but it has also attracted two of the dumbest commenters in human history to spew racist bullshit. The first is a guy named Larry, but I'll ignore him for now to talk about the second guy, who goes by the name leretseh. His comment is to utterly moronic that I thought it might be a Poe, but since he has a blog full of the same crap, that's unlikely. So let's get started.
Larry, in spite of your claimed high IQ, I can't believe you would fall for this tall-tail by little miss "smart-ass." You claimed you read her bio. She's a feminist, an atheist and , ergo, a socialist democrat. NEVER engage these people. NEVER do it. They lie at the drop of a hat. They will do anything unethical, even criminal, if they believe it will further their warped ideology. Their ideology drives them. Nothing else. Miss "smart-ass" is most likely making up this entire, or most of, what she writes in this anecdote. And you fell for it. Her major objective here is to SLAM her dad – the "southern conservative."
Ah yes, a particularly stupid version of the argumentum ad labelum. And here's his "evidence" for why Ashley is lying:
1) "Smart-ass" claims she has a black boyfriend. Well, where's the picture of them smiling cheek to cheek? What a pic that be! This blog begs for that pic, yet it's not prominently displayed at the top. Where is it? Well, it's not there because "smart-ass" doesn't have a black boyfriend (I explain why at the end of this post).
This is an idiotic argument to begin with, of course, but it's also based on a false premise. If you've got Ashley on your Facebook, you've probably already seen pictures of her with her boyfriend. But he's just getting warmed up.
2) "Smart-ass" implies she brought her black boyfriend over to surprise her family members for Thanksgiving. Yeah sure. Like he would be a willing party to THAT! Think about it. Also, "smart-ass" claims her Thanksgiving is celebrated by her dad, his wife and his ex-wife (smart-ass' mom) …all present together? Wife and ex-wife at the SAME festivity? Doesn't happen people.
Except A) she didn't say that and B) it does happen. My divorced parents were together for many dinners.
3) "Smart-ass" claims she's cut off from her dad,. Well if that's the case, who's paying for her graduate studies?
Seriously? He's that fucking stupid? Yep, he is.
4) "Smart-ass" claims that a "mutual friend introduced us" and it was a "long distance" thing. Oh yeah, now THAT sounds believable.
Uh, yeah. It does. Because I've actually been in such a relationship. Apparently, since this guy has never left Mayberry, he can't imagine that people can have friends in other places.
5) No one with the professed beliefs of little miss "smart-ass" could acquire a boyfriend. Smart-ass' beliefs and a boyfriend is like merging matter with anti-matter – KABOOM! Won't work. Feminist are incapable of emotions or love. They are hate-filled women whom every male in his right mind would turn his back on.
Oh, of course. Because every man is as stupid as he is, so it's inconceivable that any man could possibly date a feminist. And the fact that there are millions of feminists married to men does not, in any way, disprove his theory.


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(CMT Offstage keeps a 24/7 watch on everything that's happening with country music artists behind the scenes and out of the spotlight.)
It's no easy task to win two of the biggest awards of the night. But Thursday night (Nov. 1) at the CMA Awards , Blake Shelton certainly did it. He took home the grand prize, entertainer of the year, along with the male vocalist of the year award. That rarely happens. In fact, the last time one man walked away with both those coveted awards, it was Keith Urban back in 2005. So seven years ago, he beat out Alan Jackson, Toby Keith, Brad Paisley and Kenny Chesney for the entertainer of the year award. And I remember Urban making it clear that that win was because of his touring and the road band who had backed him at all his shows. "I have the best road band," he'd said. "Road bands out there, in general, don't get enough appreciation. I want to send my love and thanks out to all the road bands tonight, particularly my own." Urban's wins in 2005 came off a string of pretty massive hits: "You'll Think of Me," "Days Go By," "Making Memories of Us" and "Better Life." Shelton himself was up against some stiff competition in the vocalist category last night: Jason Aldean, Luke Bryan, Eric Church and Urban. And in the entertainer group he was nominated along with Aldean, Chesney, Paisley and Taylor Swift.


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Cohetes that are church procession related are an all year thing depending on your local communities religious celebrations. They are sky rockets larger and louder than those normally sold to the public. The big time for public sales that the kids wait for comes the month before Christmas and New Year. We found these for sale in the Tianguis Wednesday and in a few weeks we'll see roadside stands. I'm sure each explosive type has a name but cohetes are cohetes and those little white/pink things are "cebollitas" (little onions). Don't know the name for fire crackers or sparklers. We'll fire off a few a couple times a week up until New Year.
Tamale breakfast
Yesterday sunrise at 7 AM


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SANTA CLARA — An elderly woman was killed about 9:30 a.m. Saturday when she was hit by a car that was backing out of a driveway in the 1200 block of Monroe Street.
"At this point it looks like a tragic accident," Santa Clara police Lt. Kurt Clarke said Saturday, noting that no one had been arrested.
Clarke declined to provide more details, including the woman's name or age, saying that the incident was still being investigated by his officers.
As of Saturday evening, the Santa Clara County Medical Examiner/Coroner's Office had not yet released the woman's identity.
Contact Steve Johnson at email@example.com or 408-920-5043. Follow him at Twitter.com/steveatmercnews


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Documents and research related to the roughly 780 people who have been sent to the Guantánamo Bay prison since 2002.
ABC News
Walid Bin Attash
Walid Bin Attash is a citizen of Yemen. He is one of 17 high-value detainees. As of January 2010, the Guantánamo Review Task Force had recommended him for prosecution. As of Dec. 4, 2020, he has been held at Guantánamo for 14 years three months. He has been charged with war crimes.
Note: These documents include some assertions that cannot be independently verified. Many allegations have been contested by detainees and their lawyers, and some have been undercut by other evidence.
Internment Serial Number: 10014
Alternate names:
- Walid Muhammad Salih Bin Attash
- Walid Muhammad Salih Bin 'Attash
- Khallad


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Hunters showed up en masse at a Haywood commissioners meeting to express their concerns about proposed changes to the ordinances stipulating how their dogs had to be tethered.
While the revised ordinances do not include a prohibition on chaining or tethering — a point of some confusion among some in attendance — some hunters said they feared these changes would pave the way to make tethering illegal.
The ordinance does put regulations on tethering, requiring dog owners to use swivel connectors and chains "of suitable length," which Animal Control Director Jean Hazzard described as at least 6 feet for a 45-pound dog. The proposal would also require owners to keep the area surrounding the dog free of obstacles so it can have easy access to food, water and shelter. The ordinance would also ban the use of chain and choke collars for tethering to prevent strangulation.
"I think the whole issue is that most of the hunters think that one thing is going to lead to another," said Gary Birchfield, who spoke on behalf of the hunters.
Jeff Smith, who provided information input on the draft ordinance as a spokesperson for the Bear Hunters and Raccoon Hunters Clubs, voiced similar concerns.
"The way it reads right now, there's nothing that's going to affect the hunters, I assure you," Smith said.
But he warned against forbidding chaining and tethering altogether.
"You do away with that, you're going to have dogs running everywhere because people can't afford to have a kennel," he said.
Others, however, spoke in favor of the proposed changes, even advocating that they be added to in the future.
Penny Wallace, executive director of the Haywood Animal Welfare Association, urged commissioners not only to adopt the ordinances but to do more in defense of animals in Haywood County.
"I ask you to vote for the recommendations and make them effective immediately," Wallace said, adding that this is only the tip of the iceberg on animal welfare in the county.
"Haywood County is still woefully behind the national standards for animal welfare. We are even behind the standards of our neighbor, Buncombe County," she said.
Linda Sexton also spoke for increased animal protection laws, asking commissioners to consider eventually abolishing tethering, and introducing spay and neuter laws.
"It's way past time if you look at how many animals are unfortunately put down in our shelters twice a week because people are not taking care of getting their dogs fixed," said Sexton.
Some audience members were also concerned about provisions requiring owners of "vicious or dangerous animals" to keep them indoors, muzzled when outside, and away from children. Hazzard described "vicious and dangerous" as an animal who had either demonstrated dangerous behavior towards animal control staff, or one who had actually bitten or attacked.
But resident Carol Underwood took issue with that, maintaining that just because a dog attacks, it should not automatically be tagged as vicious.
"If the owner is not present to stop you entering our property, they probably will attack you or bite you through their own fear, not because they're bad dogs," said Underwood. "We're conflicted with animals that are vicious that we know are mean, and animals that we love that will be aggressive to defend us."
Commissioners are scheduled to vote on the revised ordinance at their next regular meeting on Nov. 1.


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"AMERICA'S NEXT TOP MODEL" � (9:00-10:00p.m. ET)
"Jez Smith" (Content Rating TBD)
THE FINAL WOMEN ATTEND GO-SEES - The models make their way through Hong Kong to attend go-sees, where one of the women loses her confidence and crumbles under the pressure. At the photo shoot for the "America's Next Top Model" fragrance, Dream Come True, the stakes are raised as the models pose in front of the client, Hatch Beauty founder Ben Bennett. Kelly Cutrone and Nigel Barker join guest judge, photographer Jez Smith, as well as Tyra Banks on the judges' panel for elimination (#1811).


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Few politicians have done less to earn their swagger than felonious former Gov. Rod Blagojevich has his.
Few politicians have done less to earn their swagger than felonious former Gov. Rod Blagojevich has his.
Nonetheless, there he was, not only channeling his best, most defiant Elvis posture immediately after the trial in proclaiming his innocence, but on any talk show that would have him, going on ... and on ... and on about how he hadn't let anybody down, how he's just a little ol' victim in all this.
He repeated the fiction that he is "eager to testify" in a second trial, even though he didn't when he had the chance the first time around. Again, he was not trying to sell a U.S. Senate seat or to hold hostage the plans of a Chicago children's hospital in exchange for a campaign contribution, merely "brainstorming, discussing things."
"That's how politics works," he would say on Fox News in a confrontational interview with Chris Wallace, who suffered no end of frustration as Blagojevich avoided answering one direct question after another so that he could cover his rehearsed talking points instead. "It's political horse trading that these prosecutors are trying to criminalize."
Ah, those prosecutors ... er, make that persecutors. They weren't stopping a "crime spree" when they had him arrested in December 2008, merely interrupting the good works of a conscientious governor on behalf of "the people" - the same people he's appealing to now, even though they didn't appreciate him before. "Only 13 percent of you think I'm doing a good job, so (profanity) all of you," he was heard saying in a secretly recorded conversation. This from a man who, conveniently, has again found religion, when he's not comparing himself to Winston Churchill: The hung jury "just confirms again, praise God."
It can all be a bit much to stomach after awhile.
Obviously, those tapes didn't quite get the job done, as Blagojevich dodged 23 of the 24 bullets coming his way from Uncle Sam.
Still, that gives him no reason to act as if he was acquitted, which he wasn't. But for the gullibility of a single juror and his own stunning incompetence - at seemingly everything - he might well be singing a far less cocky tune. Alas, this is a family incapable of shame, as we learned when they paraded their own daughters before the jury for closing arguments.
Clearly he's already forgotten his own mini-confession near the end of his trial: "I've learned a lot of lessons from this whole experience, and perhaps ... the biggest lesson I've learned is that I talk too much." That realization isn't stopping him now, but why would it? It semi-worked the first time. The Woe Is Me Media Tour, Part II, continues.
He's already succeeded somewhat in turning the tables on U.S. Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald, who's on trial himself these days, at least in the court of public opinion. The Wall Street Journal's opinion page, still smarting over Fitzgerald's pursuit of Scooter Libby, doesn't much care for him, calling him "another unaccountable federal prosecutor run amok." It would seem to have an unlikely ally in the Washington Post, which no longer finds Fitzgerald the fair-haired one either.
Undeterred, Fitzgerald has vowed to retry Blagojevich. Should he?
As we have learned, it's hard to get past the one, as there was in the reported 11 to 1 jury vote to convict on the most serious of the charges against Blagojevich - allegedly attempting to sell the Senate seat - and as there was in the Legislature in the vote for impeachment.
Still, conviction on the most serious count was close enough here that Fitzgerald deserves another swing at this. He should make things simpler this time on a different jury, concentrate on the major allegations of malfeasance, not be shy about calling certain witnesses no matter how uncomfortable it might be for them to testify.
Certainly there's a cost to federal taxpayers of climbing back into the courtroom with Blagojevich again, but it's nowhere near the cost of letting already jaded Illinoisans believe that you can get away with almost anything in this state. With so many with so little faith in our public institutions now, arguably we can afford that least of all.
Our only regret is that a second trial won't be at the federal courthouse in Peoria - hey, we successfully handled the nation's lone "enemy combatant" - so the locals could witness how the antics of the ex-gov and his sometimes comparably cartoonish lawyer play in less of a circus environment, without the sycophants lining up to shake the defendant's hand and get his autograph.
On that last score, it's worth noting that a much-in-demand Blagojevich still found time last week to sell his signature at a comic book convention in the Chicago area - at $50 apiece, $80 with photo, just a tad more than the John Hancock from guy who played Robin the Boy Wonder in the 1960s "Batman" TV series. That's about right, we'd say. This caricature of a superhero may get to plan his fantasy political comeback in a skin-tight orange jumpsuit yet. We shall see.
Journal Star of Peoria, Ill.


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The Blue Heron is a 1940's country home with gorgeous river views of the Siuslaw River just five minutes from the center of historic Florence.
Guests can delight in viewing the herons and other wildlife. This comfortable Inn, upgraded and modernized, makes a perfect getaway, with unsurpassed hospitality. The Blue Heron is a member of Oregon Lodging Association and featured in the Oregon Coast Mile by Mile Guide.
After a full day of exhilarating activities, snuggle up with a good book under a colorful quilt and enjoy a comfortable night's sleep.
The Blue Heron offers four lovely rooms with private baths, two with jetted tubs. Each tastefully designed room provides plenty of comfort and privacy.
The Victorian room is reminiscent of an era gone by with its lace, brass and antiques. The Heron's Nest, with its king bed, has an incredible view of the river from the secret dormer hide-a-way with twin beds. The Bridal Suite offers a comfortable sofa seating arrangement, and king-size bed, electric fireplace, a whirlpool bath, a ceiling fan, and expansive windows with views of the river. If you need a suite, the Raspberry Cream Room with its whirlpool tub can be opened up to the Victorian Room. Abundant reading material, games, puzzles and VCR films for viewing in the new video room are available. All rooms are non-smoking.
Enjoy a spectacular view of the Siuslaw River while feasting on a gourmet breakfast. Fresh fruit, juices, and homemade yeast waffles with strawberries or smoked salmon quiche are popular menu items.


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PLEASE NOTE: PaTTAN has implemented a single-sign-on system for both the new website and our online registration system for events. If you already have a user name and password to register for trainings, use those same credentials here to login.
The following navigation utilizes arrow, enter, escape, and space bar key commands. Left and right arrows move through
main tier links and expand / close menus in sub tiers. Up and Down arrows will open main tier menus and toggle through
sub tier links. Enter and space open menus and escape closes them as well. Tab will move on to the next part of the
site rather than go through menu items.
Wednesday January 02, 2019Thursday January 31, 2019
This online course provides a sequenced training on using assistive technology (AT) with young children birth to age five in order to increase their participation in typical early childhood settings. Topics covered include types of AT, evaluating functional use of AT, using AT for communication and emergent literacy and making adaptations. You will need to complete the course within a four week time period.
Participants will be able to:
Module 1: Overview of Assistive Technology
Participants will:
Module 2: Determining the need for Assistive
Technology/integrating into activities
Module 3: Communicating using Assistive Technology
Module 4: Emergent Literacy
Module 5: Practical Strategies
Target Audience
Early Intervention staff and Early Childhood teachers, and parents
Individuals attending this course must arrive on time and stay the duration of the course in order to receive Act 48 Professional Education hours. Requests for exceptions are to be brought to the attention of the individual´s Superintendent or IU Director prior to the course.
Nan Rodgers
Molly Martz
h4. Registration Deadline Registration is available until the 25th of the month prior to each offering. Registration for each offering is only available in the month immediately proceeding the start date.


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Watch Movie Take Care Movie StreamingFull Movie Take Care Streaming In HD with duration 94 Min and released on 2014-03-07 with MPAA rating is 0.
Original Title : Take Care
Movie title in your country : Take Care
Year of movie : 2014
Genres of movie : Comedy, Drama, Romance,
Status of movie : Released
Release date of movie : 2014-03-07
Companies of movie :
Countries of movie :
Language of movie : English,
Durationof movie : 94 Min
Average vote of movie : 0
Youtube ID of movie :
Translation of movie : EN,
Cast of movie :
- Leslie Bibb ( Frannie )
- Marin Ireland ( Laila )
- Michael Stahl-David ( Kyle )
- Nadia Dajani ( Fallon )
Take Care Synopsis:
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Director : Liz Tuccillo, Writer : Liz Tuccillo, Director of Photography : Anne Etheridge,
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