text:
This evidence-based primer on anxiety disorders explains the roles of hormones and brain chemicals, drug therapies, and the nutrients & herbs known to help balance brain chemistry for a healthy stress response. It is reproduced with kind permission from the Life Extension Health Concerns and Protocols Library (www.LEF.org). ©1995-2012 Life Extension®. All Rights Reserved. See footnote* for link to all sources.
About Anxiety [And Natural Therapies to Balance Brain Chemistry]
As nature intended it, anxiety serves a useful purpose. Characterized by the fear or worry that something bad will happen, normal anxiety occurs occasionally in response to situations that threaten our sense of security. This helps us avoid harm and remember not to put ourselves in the same potentially dangerous situation in the future. Anxiety is a normal stress response that has been conserved throughout human evolution and is evident in all other animals.
However, when anxiety occurs inappropriately in response to normal everyday events, it can become a debilitating condition known as anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders cause a person to be constantly "primed", or "tense" in expectation of an impending threat to their physical or psychological well-being. Symptoms of anxiety disorders are often chronic, and can include difficulty concentrating, irritability, tense muscles, sleep disturbances, and trouble overcoming worries.
The conventional health care model typically attempts to alleviate anxiety with an array of psychoactive drugs that either mimic or manipulate neurotransmitter signaling. For instance, medications for anxiety might either increase the recycling of existing neurotransmitters or bind directly to neurotransmitter receptors and block or activate them, artificially altering mood.
However, psychoactive drugs fall short of addressing the underlying causes of anxiety – hormonal and metabolic imbalances that emerge as our bodies attempt to adapt to chronic stress.
Recognizing and responding to underappreciated risk factors for anxiety disorders, such as elevated homocysteine [a cell-damaging amino acid] and sex hormone imbalances, is an important aspect of any treatment regimen.
Sadly, mainstream physicians often fail to address these subtleties, an oversight that undoubtedly contributes to the paltry 50% success rate of conventional anxiety treatments.
Anxiety is a multifaceted disorder, and must be addressed as such in order to achieve symptomatic relief.
• Clinical studies indicate that nutrients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, magnesium, and adaptogenic herbs like rhodiola can synergize with healthy eating habits and stress management techniques to effectively optimize the body's stress response mechanisms and support healthy neurological communication. [Adaptogenics help to increase resistance to stress.]
• Moreover, compounds such as B-vitamins and amino acids can provide the raw materials the body needs to ensure proper neurotransmitter synthesis and signaling.
Anxiety disorders affect about 40 million American adults, or about 18.1% of the U.S. adult population over 18 years of age (Kessler 2010; Bulloch 2011; Roberson-Nay 2011; see footnote* for link to all sources cited in this primer.)
• Nearly 15% of adults will experience an anxiety disorder in their lifetime (Kessler 2010; Bulloch 2011; Roberson-Nay 2011).
• By comparison, only 14.8 million American adults, or about 6.7% of the U.S. adult population, suffer from major depression.
• However, depression and anxiety are very much interrelated.
For up to 90% of all cases, anxiety disorders generally develop early in life – before the age of 35 with the greatest risk of onset between ages 10 and 25 (Kessler 2010; Kessler 2005a; Kessler 2005b).
Also, women are twice as likely as men to suffer from generalized anxiety disorder (Kessler 2010; Kessler 2005a; Kessler 2005b). This last statistic suggests that an imbalance in female hormone levels during and after menopause, during menstruation, and after pregnancy may be tied to the etiology of anxiety. We will explore this connection in greater detail later in this protocol.
Types of Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by worry and tension in the absence of a real provoking environmental factor. A person with GAD is constantly apprehensive, anticipating disaster, and becoming overly concerned about their health, finances and work without cause.
People with GAD are frequently unable to relax and battle insomnia and poor concentration. Other symptoms may include restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, high blood pressure, and sleep disturbances. Many people with mild GAD often manage to maintain their careers and function socially. However, severe cases can lead to job failure and avoidance of social situations.
GAD affects almost 6.8 million American adults (Weisberg 2009). Physicians diagnose GAD based upon the following criteria – an individual worrying excessively about everyday problems and exhibiting three or more GAD symptoms, on most days, for at least six consecutive months (Wyrwich 2011).
Panic Disorder
Panic disorder is characterized by sudden attacks of fear and the sense of impending doom. A panic attack can cause elevated heart rate, sweating, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, nausea, chest pain, and feelings of being cold and numb. In many cases these physical symptoms exacerbate the panic attack as the person may feel like they are dying or in terrible physical danger.
Panic attacks are often unpredictable and come on suddenly, but can be triggered by exposure to stimuli associated with past trauma, such as driving through an intersection where the person was involved in a major car accident. Panic attacks typically last about ten minutes. Episodes often appear without warning and with varying frequency. Panic disorder is very disabling, causing people to avoid places or situations that caused attacks before. As a result, people with panic disorder often lose their jobs or change their residence.
Nearly one third of people with panic disorder will become fearful of leaving their homes and develop agoraphobia, a fear of open spaces.
Panic disorder afflicts about 6 million Americans, and is also twice as common among women as men (Kessler 2010). The clinical definition of panic disorder is when a person experiences recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, at least one of which is followed by one or more of the following: persistent concern about future attacks, worrying about the implications of the attack, and/or a significant change in behavior related to the attacks (Roy-Byrne 2005).
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent, upsetting thoughts (obsessions) that can lead to anxiety and the use of ritualistic actions (compulsions) in an attempt to alleviate this anxiety (Bienvenu 2010; Merlot 2006).
A good example is a person obsessed with the presence of bacteria in the environment. In this case, a person with OCD may develop a compulsion to ritualistically and repetitively wash their hands, or engage in some other type of self-cleansing. The person with OCD does not find performing the ritual pleasurable, but it instead provides temporary relief from the anxiety.
While healthy people can demonstrate repetitive behaviors, such as double checking to see if the doors are locked, people with OCD perform rituals so repetitively that their behavior distresses them and can interfere with the performance of everyday tasks.
Approximately 2.2 million American adults suffer with OCD. Eating disorders, other anxiety disorders, and depression commonly accompany OCD. Recent research shows OCD affects men and women equally (Kessler 2010).
Phobias are inexplicable and unjustifiable fears. Phobias may be a fear of certain objects or things. Social phobia, also known as social anxiety disorder, involves excessive self-consciousness and anxiety about everyday social situations. People with social phobia are chronically fearful of embarrassing themselves and being judged by others. They can experience dread weeks before a scheduled encounter or interaction, which may can interfere with everyday activities.
Physical effects associated with social phobia can include blushing, sweating, nausea, and difficulty speaking. About 15 million Americans are affected by social phobias (Kessler RC et al., 2010). Other anxiety disorders and depression may accompany social phobia.
The clinical definition of social phobia is when a persistent fear of social situations causes people to either avoid them or experience them with great anxiety (Machado-de-Sousa 2010; Coelho 2010).
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Experiencing or witnessing a traumatic or terrifying life event such as a serious accident, violent crime, or natural disaster can precipitate a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). People with PTSD may either relive the event in nightmares or have disturbing recollections of it during waking hours. Ordinary events can trigger flashbacks that may result in a loss of reality, causing the person to believe the event is happening again.
PTSD affects more than 5 million Americans and can occur at any age (Kessler 2010; Cantor 2009). Symptoms associated with PTSD can include an inability to sleep, hypersensitivity to external stimuli, feelings of detachment or numbness, and loss of memory surrounding the traumatic experience.
Physicians diagnosing PTSD consider whether the patient persistently re-experiences the traumatic event through memory, dreams, hallucinations, flashbacks, or physical reactions to internal or external triggers. For a diagnosis of PTSD, symptoms must be present for more than one month- but may occur years after the traumatic event (Kessler 2010; Cantor 2009).
Risk Factors and Associations
A variety of factors can increase the risk of anxiety disorder. Being female is a risk as it affects twice as many women than men. Age is another factor, with the greatest risk of onset affecting those between the ages of 10 and 25. Research shows children who are shy or likely to be the target of bullies are at a higher risk of developing anxiety disorders later in life. Anxiety disorders also tend to run in families, believed to have both a genetic and learned component. Lack of social connections, traumatic events, and certain medical conditions are also associated with an increased risk of anxiety disorders.
Anxiety can occur independently of or in conjunction with other psychiatric or medical conditions such as depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, cardiac disease, or respiratory compromise. Chronic anxiety is associated with a higher risk of illness and death from cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, cardiac ischemia and arrhythmias. Also, chronic anxiety predisposes people to a range of neurological disorders (Culpepper 2009; Goodwin 2009; Gureje 2008). People with anxiety disorders are less able to deal with life's occasional blows. Divorce, financial disaster, or other severe stressors may increase their risk of suicidal behavior (Ringbäck Weitoft 2005).
Homocysteine and the Methylation Cycle
Homocysteine is an intermediary within a metabolic cycle known as methylation. Methylation reactions, relying largely on B-vitamin cofactors (particularly, B6, B12, and folic acid), are critical for the proper synthesis of the neurotransmitters that play an important role in mood regulation.
As B-vitamin levels decline, the methylation cycle becomes impaired – leading to a concurrent increase in homocysteine levels (because it is no longer being recycled efficiently) and a disruption in neurotransmitter synthesis. The close relationship between neurotransmitter synthesis and homocysteine formation has led some researchers to suspect that there is a link between homocysteine and mood. Indeed, studies suggest that levels of homocysteine are an effective marker for B-vitamin status, and that changes in homocysteine levels correlate with changes in mood.
Interestingly, homocysteine levels have predicted duration of PTSD (Levine 2008), suggesting that lowering homocysteine levels through supplementation with B-vitamins might reduce symptoms of mood disorders by freeing up metabolic resources involved in neurotransmission.
Other studies have clearly tied genetic abnormalities such as a mutation in the folic acid-activating enzyme, MTHFR, to high homocysteine levels (and increased symptoms of mood disorders). This reinforces the notion that homocysteine metabolism is an important target in psychiatric imbalances (Coppen 2005). Supplementation with homocysteine-lowering B-vitamins was shown to relieve anxiety in 44 women with premenstrual anxiety (De Souza 2000).
Another compound involved in the methylation cycle is S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e). SAM-e functions to donate methyl groups into the methylation cycle thereby facilitating the formation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. In clinical trials, SAM-e supplementation has been shown to be as effective as tricyclic antidepressants in treating depressive disorders (Papakostas 2009).
Given the role of healthy methylation in maintaining biochemical balances within the central nervous system, a target blood level of less than 7 – 8 µmol/L of homocysteine helps to ensure proper neurotransmitter metabolism and may balance mood during times of stress, depression and anxiety. [Note: Deficits in the methylation cycle are a proposed mechanism in the development of ME/CFS/FM, and trials of a nutritional approach to raising glutathione and SAM levels have had promising results, including improved sense of well being.]
Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Because anxiety and depression may have similar or even overlapping symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorder can be difficult. A person can swing back and forth between anxiety and depression. However, as many of the same neural mechanisms are involved in both, sometimes treatment for one can be effective for the other.
While several screening tests are available to help determine the cause, type, and severity of anxiety, the diagnosis of anxiety disorders remains somewhat subjective and based on observation (Risbrough 2010). Once a doctor diagnoses an anxiety disorder, treatment will often integrate several approaches, including but not limited to diet and lifestyle changes, relaxation and massage therapy, psychotherapy, behavioral or cognitive-behavioral therapy, and drug intervention.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy involves modifying thought patterns that influence anxiety and fear. It helps individuals recognize cognitive distortions, exaggerated and irrational thoughts that produce reactions such an anxiety and panic. Special tools then help the person detect distorted thinking and replace distorted thoughts with more accurate ones. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a first-line treatment (Hunot 2007; Tolin 2010) and is effective in treating all anxiety disorders (Hunot 2007; Tolin 2010).
Behavior therapy uses several techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing exercises and exposure therapy. Diaphragmatic breathing teaches people how to control the physical signs of anxiety by taking slow, deep breaths to help control hyperventilation. [See for example "Disordered Breathing in ME/CFS & Fibromyalgia" by Australian fatigue consultant Blake Graham, and "The Healing Power of Deep Relaxation," by William Collinge, PhD, a leading ME/CFS/FM self-help expert.] Exposure therapy relies on small, progressive exposures to the frightening trigger, helping people build confidence and control anxiety.
Drug therapy is often used in combination with psychotherapy to manage the biochemical and physiological abnormalities that produce anxiety, including alterations in the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and cortisol (the stress hormone).
Drug therapy can present a number of problems, including poor success rates, side effects, withdrawal symptoms, the development of increased tolerance to the drug, and only acting on a small component of the neurological mechanism involved in anxiety.
Pharmaceutical treatment of anxiety disorders involves manipulating or mimicking the action of neurotransmitters within the brain (typically GABA and serotonin; but sometimes dopamine and norepinephrine). However, these drugs usually do not resolve the over-activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis that often underlies mood disorders.
Using medications to try to improve brain chemistry can offer relief, at least in the short term. However, medications neither restore normal levels of neurotransmitters, nor promote normal brain function. Instead, they manipulate the brain chemistry to achieve their desired effects. Over time, the brain can get used to medications, resulting in them losing their effectiveness and requiring either higher doses or different drugs. Stopping them can frequently lead to withdrawal symptoms that feel worse than the original problem.
The following are types of drugs frequently prescribed to treat anxiety disorders:
Benzodiazepines act in part by modulating and extending the life of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory (calming) brain neurotransmitter (Durant 2010). Benzodiazepines can relieve anxiety symptoms quickly. However, they can become habit forming. Some people develop a tolerance to them, requiring an increased dosage. When benzodiazepines are reduced or removed, some individuals can experience withdrawal symptoms, such as life-threatening seizures, confusion, memory loss, hyperanxiety, and reemergence of the original symptoms (Cloos 2009). Commonly prescribed benzodiazepines include Valium® (diazepam), Xanax® (alprazolam), Klonopin® (clonazepam), and Ativan® (lorazepam).
While these drugs are highly effective in calming anxiety, they may also be habit-forming – a factor that dramatically limits their usefulness and possibly their long-term safety. Many benzodiazepenes can also cause significant impairment, a highly undesirable effect.
Azapirones do not have the tolerance and dependency issues associated with benzodiazepines. These anti-anxiety drugs are partial serotonin receptor agonists. BuSpar® (buspirone) is an azapirone prescribed to treat general anxiety disorder. However, it may take several weeks before the effects of these drugs become apparent. Side effects can include nausea, headaches, and dizziness.
Antidepressants are sometimes effective for treating anxiety, especially when it occurs in conjunction with depression. Types of antidepressant drugs include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as well as the less common tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). These drugs can have significant side effects. In 2004 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that the most popular class of antidepressants, SSRIs, must carry a strong black-box warning advising patients of the dangers of increased suicide among adolescents using SSRIs. Popular SSRIs include Prozac® (fluoxetine), Zoloft® (sertraline), Luvox® (fluvoxamine), Paxil® (paroxetine), and Celexa® (citalopram).
Beta-blockers such as Inderal® (propranolol) or Tenormin® (atenolol) are used primarily to treat heart conditions. However, they are often prescribed for social phobia to help reduce heart palpitations as well as other physical symptoms of anxiety. Side effects can include sexual dysfunction, slow pulse, drowsiness, fatigue, dry mouth, numbness or tingling of fingers or toes, dizziness, diarrhea, nausea, weakness, and cold hands and feet (Bourin 2002).
Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant drug that is sometimes used to treat anxiety. Its effects become apparent quickly – some studies suggest within one week. Also, it appears to be effective in preventing a relapse of anxiety disorder (Feltner 2011; Greist 2011) as well as helping ease withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of benzodiazepine therapy (Hadley 2011). This drug often causes dizziness and drowsiness.
Anxiety and Hormones
Anxiety disorders affect twice as many women as men. Further, women experience more anxiety when they are pregnant, postpartum, premenstrual and menopausal than at other times in life. This general observation has lead scientists to investigate a hormone-anxiety link.
By now, it is well known that most steroid hormones (e.g., pregnenolone, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and DHEA) are neurologically active. In fact, large quantities of DHEA, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone receptors are found in the brain. These hormones affect the brain in a number of ways, including regulation of mood.
A number of studies have linked abnormalities in hormone levels to various anxiety disorders (Cunningham 2009; Parcells 2010; Bloch 2011; Sundermann 2010).
Studies suggest that levels of estrogen and serotonin may be linked, both affecting a positive mood during menstruation in young women (Kikuchi 2010). Likewise, the drop in estrogen during menopause, associated with reduced serotonin production, has a negative impact on mood and cognitive function.
Progesterone also plays a role in anxiety. In an animal study comparing a control group to mice lacking a progesterone receptor, researchers found progesterone decreased anxiety behavior through a mechanism similar to that of benzodiazepines – by acting on GABA receptors (Frye 2006). Another study found that while a single dose of progesterone given to animals decreased anxiety indicators during stress tests, the abrupt cessation of progesterone therapy increased measures of anxiety (Saavedra 2006).
In a placebo-controlled trial involving post-menopausal women, hormone replacement therapy using both estrogen and progesterone caused a marked reduction in anxiety, as well as improved sleep quality and better cognitive performance (Hachul 2008).
Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy (BHRT)
BHRT is an ideal method to restore youthful hormone levels for aging individuals. BHRT involves supplementation (usually) with either transdermal (topical) or oral preparations of hormones obtained from a compounding pharmacy. BHRT differs from conventional synthetic hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in that it relies on the use of natural hormones whose molecular structure exactly matches those of the hormones produced within the human body.
In a clinical trial conducted at the University of Texas, nearly 300 women with an average age of 52 years were treated with bioidentical progesterone and/or estrogen. After six months of BHRT, women aged 40 – 70 years old experienced dramatic improvements in mood, including a 31% reduction in emotional ability, 37% reduction in irritability, 33% reduction in anxiety, and significant relief from night sweats and hot flashes. Moreover, of the women screened for heart attack or breast cancer an average of 1.9 years after beginning BHRT (21% of the cohort), none of them had either (Ruiz 2011).
Those who would like to learn more about the benefits of BHRT are encouraged to read the Life Extension Magazine article entitled "Bioidentical Hormones: Why Are They Still Controversial?"
Just as the female brain depends on healthy levels of estrogen and progesterone to function normally, the male brain depends on sufficient testosterone. Low testosterone levels can cause testosterone deficiencies in the brain, thereby impairing brain function-leading to depression and anxiety.
In animal studies, mice with lower levels of testosterone displayed increased anxiety, supporting the idea that testosterone administration reduces anxiety (Khonicheva 2008; Aikey 2002). In humans, increases in testosterone levels seen during DHEA therapy have been linked to reduced anxiety (Strous 2005). Laboratory studies indicate that activation of the androgen receptor by testosterone may reduce anxiety through interaction with GABA receptors (Fernandez-Guasti 2005).
Normalizing hormone levels can be an integral part of managing anxiety disorders. Of course, it is also important to address the factors that cause hormonal imbalances in the first place. These include blood sugar dysregulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and other disruptions in metabolic function leading to chronic stress, a condition that frequently results in both hormonal imbalances and anxiety disorders.
In addition to managing hormonal imbalances, it is important to examine the relationship between the stress hormone cortisol and DHEA (a building block for the sex steroid hormones).
During times of prolonged stress, a greater proportion of cortisol is made compared to DHEA, with a high cortisol to DHEA ratio being a marker associated with anxiety disorder (Jezova 2008). DHEA counteracts some of the negative impact of cortisol in the body. In a large follow-up study of Vietnam-era U.S. army veterans, the ratio of cortisol to DHEA-sulphate was a strong predictor of all-cause mortality (Phillips 2010). Having higher levels of cortisol and lower levels of DHEA-sulphate were linked with an increased risk of death due to any cause over a 15-year period.
Clinical studies have found DHEA supplementation to be particularly helpful in relieving anxiety in both schizophrenics and females with low hormone levels (Binder 2009; Strous 2005). Life Extension suggests that males maintain DHEA blood levels of 350 – 490 µg/dL, while females maintain levels of 275 – 400 µg/dL.
It is important to note that all the major sex hormones are interrelated. Thus, people with anxiety may benefit from comprehensive hormone testing, and if necessary, a program of bioidentical hormone replacement. Those interested in learning more about hormone replacement therapy should read Life Extension's Female Hormone Restoration protocol and/or Male Hormone Restoration protocol….
Natural Therapies to Balance Brain Chemistry
In general, a healthy diet is abundant in omega-3 fatty acids, organic fresh fruits and vegetables, and filtered water, and devoid of foods high in saturated fats and refined carbohydrates. This dietary pattern resembles the Mediterranean diet.
In addition, the following nutrients may support healthy stress response and help balance brain chemistry naturally [these explanations are followed by a chart summarizing the nutrients/herbs supporting each of the key brain chemicals, plus Life Extension's review of generally recommended doses, tests & safety caveats]:
Amino Acids
When the brain produces a neurotransmitter, it starts with a raw ingredient – usually an amino acid from the diet or another chemical already present in the brain. Enzymes are then used to convert the amino acid into the needed brain chemical. By understanding this process in detail, we can take measures to ensure an ample supply of the raw ingredients and enhance the activity of the enzymes. And there are various cofactors that help the enzymes work faster; B-vitamins, for example.
L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine.
Insufficient intakes of L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, or L-tyrosine are associated with increased symptoms of anxiety (Hood 2010; Toker 2010; Bleacher 2010; Rosier 2008). Supplementation with L-tryptophan or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) has been shown to elevate brain serotonin levels and enhance both mood and one's sense of well being (Hood 2010; Toker 2010; Feurte 2001).
Vitamin B6, Magnesium, and Vitamin C
These nutrients, already taken by most health-conscious people, are cofactors that facilitate the conversion of tryptophan to serotonin in the brain. As people age they produce more of an enzyme that degrades tryptophan, even if taking tryptophan supplements. Lysine, niacinamide, and anti-inflammatory nutrients such as rosemary have been shown to neutralize the effects of this enzyme and help preserve the synthesis of serotonin from tryptophan.
D,L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine
Taken with a carbohydrate-rich meal can increase synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine (Lakhan and Vieira 2008). There are no reported adverse effects, but high doses should be avoided by pregnant women and individuals taking MAOIs.
L-lysine and L-arginine
An L-lysine deficiency has been shown to increase stress-induced anxiety in humans (Ghosh 2010; Smriga 2004). L-lysine binds to a serotonin receptor, acting as a serotonin antagonist by inhibiting serotonin reuptake in the synapse (Smriga 2003). When presented with a stressful situation, supplementation with L-lysine and L-arginine reduced anxiety in human subjects (Jezova 2005; Lakhan 2008; Smriga 2007).
Theanine, an amino acid found in green tea, produces a calming effect on the brain (Weeks 2009; Heese 2009; Rogers 2008). Theanine easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. It increases the production of GABA and dopamine and protects the cells of the hippocampus, the seat of learning and memory in the brain from damage (Kakuda 2011; Cho 2008).
In an 8-week study involving 60 schizophrenic patients, 400 mg of theanine was added to standard antipsychotic therapy. The addition of theanine significantly reduced anxiety and improved several other measures of mood beyond what was achievable with pharmaceuticals alone (Ritsner 2011).
Subscribe to the World's Most Popular Newsletter (it's free!)
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM-e)
SAM-e occurs naturally in the body. It is concentrated in the liver and brain and is a major methyl donor in the synthesis of hormones, nucleic acids, proteins, phospholipids, and catecholamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin (Mischoulon 2002). SAM-e facilitates glutathione usage and maintains acetylcholine levels, helping to preserve cognitive function while aging and possibly attenuating neurodegeneration.
In an 8-week clinical study involving depressed individuals with HIV/AIDS, supplementation with up to 1,600 mg of SAM-e considerably improved disposition on multiple standardized assessments. The effects of treatment with SAM-e became evident in as little as one week (Shippy 2004).
Magnesium deficiency has been linked to anxiety disorders in several clinical studies. In fact, when researchers want to study anxiety disorder, they use mice that have been specifically bred to be magnesium deficient. This model is very effective at inducing anxiety (Sartori 2011).
Several human trials have supported the link between magnesium deficiency and anxiety. When taken for one month in combination with a multivitamin, zinc and calcium, magnesium dramatically decreased symptoms of distress and anxiety compared to a placebo (Carroll 2000). Further, supplementation with magnesium and vitamin B6 effectively reduced premenstrual-related anxiety (De Sousa 2000). In a placebo-controlled study, dietary supplementation with magnesium reduced generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (Hanus 2004). In community-based studies, a small reduction in mood disorders was seen in those with higher magnesium intakes (Jacka 2009).
Groundbreaking research has recently shed light on a new preparation, magnesium threonate, which may overcome a long-standing obstacle in magnesium supplementation – blood-brain barrier permeability.
High magnesium levels in the brain have been linked with superior cognitive function. However, conventional magnesium supplements are not efficient in raising these levels because they do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have shown that magnesium threonate effectively elevates magnesium levels inside the central nervous system. The scientists also discovered that magnesium threonate improves cognitive function significantly better than other forms of magnesium in laboratory animals (Slutsky 2010).
Selenium has been shown to reduce anxiety. In double-blind randomized clinical trials, subjects given 100 mg of selenium daily for 5 weeks reported improved mood and less anxiety (Benton 1990; Benton, 1991). The same treatment regimen also reduced post-partum depression (Mokhber, 2011). Selenium supplementation reduces anxiety in elderly hospitalized patients, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and HIV patients receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) (Gosney 2008; Bargellini 2003; Shor-Posner 2003).
The role of selenium in supporting positive mood is quite complex. Selenium is a critical component in a variety of important enzymes whose action can significantly impact overall health. For example, the enzymes that help synthesize thyroid hormones. In a selenium deficient state, thyroid hormone synthesis may deteriorate, which can lead to poor mood and many other negative conditions (Duntas 2010).
Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids
The omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are necessary for proper brain function. The typical Western diet has an overly high ratio of inflammatory omega-6 fatty acids to anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have a variety of health benefits, most recently being improved mood and reduced anxiety (Perica 2011; Ross 2009; Appelton 2008).
In one double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trial, medical students were given either 2.5g/day of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or placebo capsules containing the fatty acid profile of a typical American diet. Compared to controls, those students receiving the omega-3 capsules showed a 20% reduction in anxiety (Kiecolt-Glaser 2011). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for 3 months reduced anxiety and anger in substance abusers (Buydens-Branchey 2008). Reduced test anxiety and lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol have also been associated with omega-3 supplementation (Yehuda 2005).
Life Extension suggests that the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio should be kept below 4 to1 for optimal neuro-psychiatric and overall health. More information on testing and optimizing your omega-6 to omega-3 ratio can be found in the Life Extension Magazine article entitled "Optimize Your Omega-3 Status."
Herbs and Botanical Medicine
Botanical herbs have been shown to manage many psychiatric disorders, including anxiety (Weeks 2009; Lakhan 2008; Head 2009; Sarris 2009; Chiappedi 2010; Panossian 2010; Sarris 2011; Saeed 2007). Being that the quality, composition, conditions for growth & extraction processes of herbal products can vary greatly, care should be taken in choosing an herbal remedy.
The following herbs either have anti-anxiety effects or target key molecular sites associated with neurotransmitters in the central nervous system:
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)
St. John's wort is an aromatic perennial native to Europe, parts of Asia, North and South America. The majority of controlled studies found it superior to placebo and similarly effective as standard antidepressant drugs (Linde 2009; van der Watt 2008; Linde 2008). St. John's wort has been shown to increase brain levels of serotonin in animals, operating through slightly different and more complex pathways than those of prescription SSRIs (Tadros 2009; Ara 2009). For instance, the combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of St. John's wort extract contribute to anti-depressant affects through normalization of an overactive HPA axis.
While St. John's wort is known for its anti-depressive affects, two recent studies also suggest that supplementation with this herb can reduce the anxiety associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (Canning 2010; vanDie 2009). St. John's wort is contraindicated for use during pregnancy, lactation, exposure to strong sunlight, and should not be taken concurrently with anti-depressant medication (Mannel 2004).
Ginkgo biloba
Animals given Ginkgo biloba demonstrated reduced anxiety in cognitive tests (Walesiuk 2009; Kuribara 2003). Several double-blind placebo-controlled studies showed that Ginkgo biloba binds to and activates the GABA receptor, and like a benzodiazepine, reduces anxiety in patients with generalized anxiety disorders without side effects (Woelk 2007; Faustino 2010).
Valerian (Valeriana officiaonalis)
This temperate herb has been used for medicinal purposes since the time of Hippocrates. Components of valerian root have been shown in laboratory studies to bind to GABA receptors, increase the release of GABA, and decrease its reuptake (Ortiz 1999; Yuan 2004; Khom 2007; Truaner 2008). Valerian root extracts were shown to have anti-anxiety effects in both rats and mice (Benke 2009; Hadjikhani 2009; Hattesohl 2008). Valerian root extracts have also been shown to activate glutamic acid decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of GABA (Awad 2007).
In recent clinical studies, psychiatric rating scales have shown that a daily dose of 400-900 mg of extracts from valerian root is as effective as diazepam at reducing anxiety (Andreatini 2002; Muller 2006; Bhattacharyya 2007; Kennedy 2006).
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
Lemon balm is a member of the mint family, sometimes used as a culinary herb and flavoring agent. The plant also has several anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) actions.
In animal studies, extracts from lemon balm have been shown to suppress levels of stress hormones (glucocorticoids) while also promoting the growth of new neurons, a process called neurogenesis (Yoo 2011). Moreover, lemon balm contains compounds that strongly suppress the breakdown of GABA, which may prolong the anti-anxiety effects of the neurotransmitter (Awad 2007).
Lemon balm has been shown to reduce anxious behavior in laboratory animals. In a human clinical trial, it significantly suppressed anxiety when combined with valerian root, another anxiolytic herb (Kennedy 2006; Ibarra 2010).
Rhodiola rosea is a known adaptogen, an herb that helps improve one's resistance to stress. It has also shown promise in alleviating anxiety disorder. Ten subjects receiving a daily dose of Rhodiola rosea extract for 10 weeks demonstrated significant improvement in symptoms of anxiety (Shevtsov 2003). Another similar 10-week study found that a 340 mg daily dose of Rhodiola rosea extract significantly eased symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (Bystritsky 2008). Animal studies have found that compounds in Rhodiola rosea help ameliorate the anxiety associated with smoking cessation (Mattioli 2011).
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
Ashwagandha, or Indian ginseng, has long been used by Ayurvedic practitioners as a rejuvenating tonic. The herb has anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-stress, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and rejuvenating properties (Mishra 2000). In several studies, rodents treated with extracts of ashwagandha showed reduced anxiety when compared to a control group; and to a similar extent when compared to several benzodiazepine drugs (Mohan 2011; Kulkarni 2008; Ramanathan 2011).
Ashwagandha has also been shown to reduce anxiety in humans (Andrade 2009; Bhattacharya 2000). In a clinical trial, patients with significant anxiety were divided into two groups, and for twelve weeks were provided either psychotherapy or treated with naturopathic treatment including ashwagandha. The ashwagandha treated group demonstrated a greater reduction in anxiety parameters (Cooley 2009).
Glutamate and GABA
Our bodies are truly elegant in their design. This is especially apparent with brain function. A common element of this design is the brain's binary systems, wherein one chemical activates a process while its partner turns it off again. One example is glutamate and GABA, which together account for over 80% of brain activity.
• Glutamate accelerates brain activity (excitatory),
• While GABA puts the brakes on (inhibitory).
Together, they keep the brain humming along at just the right pace – not too fast, not too slow.
If you have developed anxiety, then the balance of these two chemicals has been thrown off. As a result, the brain's activity level is turned up too high, at least in some areas. The balancing supplements for glutamate and GABA include but are not limited to the amino acids GABA, and L-theanine; the antioxidant NAC; vitamins B6 and D; the minerals magnesium and zinc; and omega-3 fatty acids.
A neurotransmitter made from the amino acid glutamate, can be taken in the form of a dietary supplement. GABA is the chief inhibiting, or calming neurotransmitter in the brain, functioning as a brake on the neural circuitry during stress. Low GABA levels are associated with restlessness, anxiety, insomnia and a poor mood. (Nemeroff 2003; Kendell 2005; Kugaya 2005). Clinical studies have shown that the use of GABA as a dietary supplement relieves stress, anxiety, and increases the production of alpha brain waves (associated with relaxation) (Bazil 2005; Abdou 2006; Thorne Research, Inc. 2007).
N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)
N-Acetyl Cysteine shows promise for alleviating mood disorders through a variety of mechanisms. It acts as a precursor to glutathione, a potent cellular antioxidant that may help ease neuronal oxidative stress. Furthermore, in contributing to glutathione synthesis, NAC uses up excess glutamate stores. This might lessen the excitatory transmission triggered by glutamate (Berk 2009). Indeed, in at least one small clinical trial, a 6-month supplementation with NAC lead to a complete remission in depressive symptoms in 6 of 7 subjects, while placebo treatment lead to remission in only 2 of 7 (Magalhaes 2011).
Vitamin D
The impact of this hormone-like vitamin on mood disorders is complex. There are receptors for vitamin D throughout the brain, and animal data indicates that lower vitamin D signaling leads to increased anxious behavior (Kalueff 2004). There is a considerable association between low vitamin D levels and depression, but the connection with anxiety is less clear (Parker 2011). Nonetheless, maintaining a vitamin D level between 50 – 80 ng/ml is suggested for everyone to promote optimal health and protect against the ravages of aging.
Neurotransmission & Stress Response, and Supporting Nutrients
Glutamate, the excitatory chemical
Heightens overall brain activity
Nutritional Support:
NAC, green tea, vitamin D3, magnesium, omega-3s
GABA, the inhibitory chemical
Slows overall brain activity
Nutritional Support:
GABA, L-theanine, vitamin B6, zinc, inositol, herbal therapies
Norepinephrine, the arousal chemical
Raises level of alertness
Nutritional Support:
Tyrosine, L-theanine, NAC, omega3s, inositol
Dopamine, the reward chemical
Focuses attention and enhances pleasure and reward
Nutritional Support:
Tyrosine, L-theanine, B vitamins, omega-3s, St. John's wort, ginkgo
Serotonin, the soothing chemical
Calms, regulates sleep and appetite, protects against stress
Nutritional Support:
Tryptophan/5-HTP, DHEA, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3s, St. John's wort
CRH/Cortisol, the stress hormone
Prolonged elevation leads to fat storage, insulin resistance, degenerative brain disorders, memory loss, inflammation
Nutritional Support:
DHEA, B vitamins, antioxidants, herbal adaptogens
Life Extension Recommendations (Doses, Tests, Safety Caveats)
Amino Acids (provides raw materials needed to support neurotransmitter synthesis) {Note: not all of these suggested amino acids will be of benefit in every case of anxiety. It is suggested to start at the low end of the dose range and increase or discontinue based upon results}
L-Tryptophan or 5-HTP: 1,000-2,000 mg tryptophan daily, or 50-150 mg 5-HTP daily
L-Tyrosine: 500 – 1,000 mg daily
L-Phenylalanine: 500 – 1,500 mg daily
L-Lysine: 600 – 1,800 mg daily
L-Theanine: 100 – 400 mg daily
L-Arginine: 800 – 2,400 mg daily
GABA: 700 – 2,100 mg daily
N-Acetyl Cysteine: 600 – 1,800 mg daily
Cofactors (supports the enzymes involved in hormone and neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism)
B-Complex vitamins: Per label instructions
Vitamin C: 1,000 – 2,000 mg daily
Magnesium: 500 – 2,000 mg daily
Selenium: 200 – 400 mcg daily
S-Adenosylmenthionine (SAM-e): 400 – 1,200 mg daily
Fatty Acids (supports neuronal membrane health and proper neuronal-communication)
Fish oil: 2,000 – 4,000 mg daily
Anti-Anxiety Herbals
St. John's wort: 300 – 600 mg daily
Ginkgo biloba; standardized extract: 120 – 240 mg daily
Valerian; standardized extract: 600 – 1,200 mg daily
Lemon Balm; standardized extract: 300 – 600 mg daily
Adaptogenic herbs (help to increase resistance to stress)
Ashwagandha; standardized extract: 125 – 250 mg daily
Rhodiola; standardized extract: 250 – 500 mg daily
General and Hormonal Support
Vitamin D: (women and men): 5,000 – 8,000 IU daily (depending on blood test results)
DHEA: (women and men): 15 – 75 mg daily (depending on blood test results)
Soy isoflavones: (typically for women only): 50 – 150 mg daily
Vitex; standardized extract: 20 mg daily
Blood Testing Resources
In addition, the following blood testing resources may be helpful:
Male Panel with Hormone Add-On
Female Panel with Hormone Add-On
Omega Score
Cortisol AM/PM
Caveats (Regarding Safety/Possible Side Effects)
L-Tryptophan or 5-HTP
• Serotonin syndrome is characterized by high levels of serotonin and symptoms such as confusion, sweating, agitation, nausea, involuntary muscle contractions, and a racing heartbeat. Do not take L-tryptophan or 5-HTP if you experience these symptoms. Do not take L-tryptophan or 5-HTP in combination with other agents that increase serotonin levels in the central nervous system without consulting your physician. Agents that increase serotonin levels can include psychiatric medications (e.g. antidepressants, lithium), migraine medications (e.g. sumatriptan), Parkinson's disease medications (e.g. carbidopa), and dextromethorphan, an over-the-counter cough suppressant. Do not use for the first time before driving or operating heavy machinery; tolerance should be assessed before regular use.
• Cancer patients should avoid taking L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine. Certain cancers, such as melanoma, depend on these amino acids to fuel their growth.
• Supplemental use of L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine may raise or normalize blood pressure. Insomnia may occur from over-stimulation if taken too close to bedtime. Individuals with the rare metabolic disorder phenylketonuria should avoid phenylalanine. Those suffering from migraine headaches should avoid L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine. They form tyramine, a substance that may trigger migraines.
• May cause anxiety, high blood pressure, and headache. Do not use if you have phenylketonuria. Do not use phenylalanine or tyrosine if you have cancer or muscular dystrophy. Because phenylalanine can elevate blood pressure in hypertensives, consult your healthcare practitioner if you have hypertension. Insomnia may occur from overstimulation if taken too close to bedtime.
• If you have diabetes and/or significant kidney or liver disease, please consult with your healthcare practitioner before using this product.
• If taken in high doses, magnesium may have a laxative effect. If this occurs, divide dosing, reduce intake, or discontinue use of product.
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM-e)
• SAM-e should not be taken by those diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Fish Oil
• If you are taking anti-coagulant or anti-platelet medications, or have a bleeding disorder, consult your healthcare provider before taking this product.
St. John's Wort
• Side effects can include insomnia, vivid dreams, restlessness, anxiety, agitation, irritability, gastrointestinal discomfort, fatigue, dry mouth, dizziness, and headache. Do not use if taking digoxin unless under a doctor's care. When using St. John's Wort, avoid prolonged sunlight exposure. Concomitant use with oral contraceptives may decrease steroid concentrations, resulting in breakthrough bleeding and irregular menstrual bleeding. Effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs may be reduced.
Ginkgo Biloba
• If you are taking anti-coagulant or anti-platelet medications, or have a bleeding disorder, consult your healthcare provider before taking this product.
• Individuals with manic or bipolar disorder should not use Rhodiola. Take early in the day if Rhodiola extract interferes with your sleep.
• Valerian use may cause sedation. Valerian should not be used for the first time before driving or operating heavy machinery. Talk to your doctor before starting valerian if you are taking any medications.
• Do not use DHEA if you are at risk for or have been diagnosed with any type of hormonal cancer, such as prostate or breast cancer.
Soy Isoflavones
• Persons with estrogen dependent cancers should consult a healthcare professional before beginning a soy regimen.
(Contributing author – Benjamin S Weeks, PhD)
* Sources: All stress management references cited in this article can be found HERE.
Note: This information has not been evaluated by the FDA. It is based on the research and opinion of LifeExtension.org staff unless otherwise specified and is meant for general informational purposes only. It is not intended to prevent, diagnose, treat or cure any condition, illness or disease and should not be used for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or for prescription of any treatment. It is very important that you make no change in your healthcare plan or health support regimen without researching and discussing it in collaboration with your professional healthcare team.


text:
Martin E. P. Seligman is the director of the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania. Martin Seligman was the 13th most frequently cited psychologist in introductory psychology textbooks throughout the 20th century (source: Haggbloom et al.). In this Ted event, Martin Seligman talks about psychology. As it moves beyond a focus on disease, what can modern psychology help us to become?
From his presentation:" When I was president of the American Psychological Association they tried to media-train me, and an encounter I had with CNN summarizes what I'm going to be talking about today, which is the "11th reason to be optimistic." The editor of Discover told us 10 of them, I'm going to give you the 11th.
So they came to me, CNN, and they said, "Professor Seligman, would you tell us about the state of psychology today? We'd like to interview you about that." And I said, "Great." And she said, "But this is CNN, so you only get a sound bite." So I said, "Well, how many words do I get?" And she said, "Well, one."
And cameras rolled, and she said, "Professor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?" "Good."
"Cut. Cut. That won't do. We'd really better give you a longer sound bite." "Well, how many words do I get this time?" "I think, well, you get two. Doctor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?" "Not good."
"Look, Doctor Seligman, we can see you're really not comfortable in this medium. We'd better give you a real sound bite. This time you can have three words. Professor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?" "Not good enough."
And that's what Martin Seligman talks about here.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"That dog is crazy."
Oh, man. Sometimes, as a reporter, you have these ideas to do something crazy. It isn't that often that we get to follow through on those ideas. But every now and then, it pays off—as it does when Vice photographer Braydon Olsen covers the famous Westminster Dog Show while tripping his ass off on acid.
"Is that a term? 'Doggers?'"
You really should watch the whole video, which is a riot. It's partly funny because, well, people on drugs while other people don't know they're on drugs are usually funny. But it's also an informative look into the world of dog shows… I didn't know about Dog News, for example! And I bet the lights in the arena are indeed pretty cool.
Would you ever consider doing something like this? Have you ever been on drugs in a huge group of people? Are you into dog shows? Cat shows? Any other type of animal show?
Holler in the comments about that or anything else, here or over in the Talk Amongst Yourselves forum. Have pleasant discussions, and beware the brown acid.
The Westminster Dog Show… On Acid! [Vice via FilmDrunk]


text:
Padres activate Cabrera from DL, option Smith
WASHINGTON -- As you might expect, Padres shortstop Everth Cabrera was elated to rejoin his team on Friday, as he was reinstated from the disabled list after missing 17 games with a strained left hamstring.
He was happy for himself, for obvious reasons. But Cabrera was also happy he could do his part to help the Padres, who entered Friday's game against the Nationals on a season-high six-game losing streak.
"I know my team needs me here," Cabrera said.
Cabrera was back in his familiar leadoff spot for the first of three games against the Nationals on Friday. However, his rust showed, as he went 0-for-5 and the Padres lost their seventh straight game, 8-5.
The Padres were 5-12 without Cabrera, who was placed on the 15-day disabled list June 19, retroactive to June 17.
"It's good to have him back. I spoke with him [earlier] today and he's excited to be here," manager Bud Black said. "We hope that he can pick up where he left off. He's a dynamic player who has come into his own … both offensively and defensively."
At the time of his injury, Cabrera was hitting .305 with a .382 on-base percentage and 31 steals, which still leads the National League. He entered Friday's game with the highest WAR (3.6) among shortstops in the NL.
Cabrera went 0-for-7 with five strikeouts in two Minor League rehabilitation games with Class A Fort Wayne of the Midwest League.
The Padres aren't just happy about getting Cabrera's bat back in the lineup, though they need a spark after scoring seven runs in the six games during his losing skid. They want his speed and defense, too.
"He's been good and, for him, I think it solidifies that he's capable of doing that. It's only a third of the season, but it's there. He's been focused and has kept the careless mistakes to a minimum," said third-base coach Glenn Hoffman, who works with the team's infielders.
The Padres have used Pedro Ciriaco almost exclusively since Cabrera went on the disabled list.


text:
7-26-15: 38 weeks old: ONLY 14 weeks till your 1st birthday Creed. You are unstoppable these days. You have discovered the toilet paper holder/roll in the bathrooms and LOVE to make piles and piles of toilet paper! You love to knock over the trash cans in the bathrooms and anytime someone opens the door to the fridge you make a B line for it! You love to play in the crisper drawers of the fridge and chew all over the lid to the ketchup bottle! Saturday I was cooking and the girls were playing in the living room and you were napping on my bed.......and then I heard it.....BOOM followed by your screaming. You fell off the bed and had a big red bump on your forehead! It just broke my heart and MC's too! I guess I didn't have enough pillows barricading you in and you woke up and just
crawled right of the bed. I am sure there will be more accidents to follow by my heart
is just not ready for them!


text:
Export 8 results:Author [ Title] Type Year
Filters: Author is Chris Marnay [Clear All Filters]
"Development of methodologies for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation for the California climate action registry." International Emissions Inventory Conference. Vol. 12. 2002. LBNL-50225..
Estimating Carbon Dioxide Emissions Factors for the California Electric Power Sector. Berkeley: LBNL, 2002. LBNL-49945..
Estimating carbon dioxide emissions factors for the California electric power sector. Vol. 33. 2002. LBNL-49945..
Estimating Carbon Emissions Avoided by Electricity Generation and Efficiency Projects: A Standardized Method (MAGPWR). Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2000. LBNL-46063..
"Optimum Model-E-GAMS for Distributed Energy System by using GAMS Method." Journal of the Society of Heating Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan (SHASE) 12 (2005) 4. LBNL-57983..
Power Supply Expansion and the Nuclear Option in Poland. Berkeley: LBNL, 1997. LBNL-40391..


text:
Your cart is currently empty.
Return to shop
We are Raygun FX. Based in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, UK, we hand make Guitar and Bass Fx Pedals.
As well offer our own range of FX, we build Custom Fx pedals to specifications, with custom artwork. We also can do repairs, modifications and clones on request.
If you have any questions, please either check our FAQ, drop me an email email@example.com or message me via your preferred social network.
Hey guys, I'm still building and sending out orders, however there may be small delays.
Please keep yourself safe during this time!
Best wishes, Steve Dismiss


text:
Staff Service and Professional Development
8610.1 Policy Statement
It is expected that all Wright State University employees have the opportunity to participate in shared governance, professional development and lifelong learning. The following are guidelines for supervisors as they provide opportunities for all staff to be engaged university citizens.
8610.2 All Staff
All Staff (both classified and unclassified) be released for a minimum of 15 hours per year* for activities such as the following:
- Staff Development Day (4 hours twice per year)
- Town Halls/Open Forums (2 hours twice per year)
- We Serve U
- University Programs (Program Kickoffs, Faculty & Staff & Retirees Picnic, April Craze, Fall Fest, Move-In day, President's Award for Excellence reception, Convocation, etc.)
- Any Classified Staff Advisory Council (CSAC), Unclassified Staff Advisory Council (USAC) or university sanctioned committee/subcommittee
(These are examples. This is not an exhaustive list.)
In addition, Wright State University encourages supervisors to support staff in taking advantage of the General Education Benefits Program Policy. Some ways in which this can be done is to include taking a course during a flexible lunch hour or comp time and vacation if the class if offered during work hours.
* Individual staff and office needs should be considered by supervisors in making determinations regarding staff participation in a particular activity.
8610.3 Elected USAC and CSAC
Elected USAC and CSAC (2 year term) be released, in addition to the above, an additional minimum of 48 hours per year for the activities such as but not limited to the following:
- Monthly meetings (2 hours per month)
- Monthly committee meeting i.e. University and USAC or CSAC committees, such as Welcome Committee for orientations and new employee visits, Vision and Strategic Planning committees (2 hours per month)
8610.4 USAC and CSAC Chairs
USAC and CSAC Chairs (3 year term)
University to replace 25% of staff salary for the CSAC chair released for 10 hours per week. This release would compensate officers' home department for work they do for the university and their respective advisory councils.


text:
Caravan insurance
Our touring caravan insurance policy consistently receives 5 star ratings for extensive cover benefits and customer service on TrustPilot. We are also rated excellent by our customer for service and value on ReviewCentre.com
You can also call us on 01422 396 761
Open 8am - 8pm weekdays, 9am - 4pm weekends & most bank holidays.
Insurance for caravans, motorhomes and more.
Specialist cover, highly rated service and big savings.
Our touring caravan insurance policy consistently receives 5 star ratings for extensive cover benefits and customer service on TrustPilot. We are also rated excellent by our customer for service and value on ReviewCentre.com
A Caravan Guard motorhome insurance quote offers you the flexibility to choose the cover options to suit your needs. This means you only pay for the cover you need, saving you money on your premium. Optional extras include European cover and European breakdown.
Caravan Guard can provide campervan insurance for campervans up to 25 years old providing they have been professionally converted.
European cover can also be added.
All the great benefits of our touring caravan insurance policy are also available to folding camper owners. Take advantage of our great savings for careful owners.
This policy also provides cover for storm damage.
Whether it's a static caravan, lodge or chalet, our great value static caravan insurance policy will give you peace of mind should the worst happen.
We have 689 feedback comments on independent review site ReviewCentre.com, with 95% recommending Caravan Guard for our exceptional customer service and value for money. (Updated 09/09/2020)
Planning a holiday to Europe in your motorhome or campervan? As we don't yet know the outcome of the Brexit negotiations, we've put together some guidance on what to consider when planning a motorhome trip outside of the UK.Read article
In a recent poll, just 3% or voters said that they've never cleaned their motorhome roof! This month, we've put together a simple eight step video on how to clean your motorhome roof..Read article
There are just enough subtle changes for Bailey to justify calling its latest caravan range Phoenix+, usurping the previous standard Phoenix.Read article
Bunk beds in a van conversion? Step right up. WildAx might not be a name that springs readily to mind but it's made very successful inroads into the motorhome marketRead article
For touring caravan insurance information please click here
For motorhome insurance information please click here
For static insurance and park homes please visit www.leisuredays.co.uk
Speak to our Halifax based expert advisers about your insurance needs.
Please quote Black Country Caravans when calling
We're open 8am - 8pm weekdays, 9am - 4pm weekends.


text:
Our articles are all written by Bali regulars and cover all aspects about living & holidaying on the island of the gods.
Select an area to read more about it and discover all the hotspots!
Never get lost and never get bored with our extensive directory of hotspots. Select a category to browse the listings.
Under construction
If you haven't already, like our page on Facebook and miss nothing!
Are you sure?


text:
Jeb Bush working hard to be heard
- He will address high-profile Conservative Political Action Conference next week
- Bush says Republicans must have a more open attitude toward immigrants
- His book%27s prescription on immigration is likely to raise some hackles on both sides
AUSTIN — Jeb Bush will not be ignored.
He is releasing a provocative book on immigration this week, addressing conservative leaders next week and is brutally outspoken in an interview with USA TODAY about the self-inflicted wounds he thinks cost Republicans a winnable presidential race in 2012. In the process, he says, the GOP managed to sour its standing with fast-growing demographic groups that should be natural allies.
The former two-term governor of Florida — the son of one president and the brother of another — argues Republicans will "doom" their national electoral prospects for the future unless they forge a new approach to immigration and a more open attitude toward immigrants. At the moment, Republicans project an angry tone "that says, 'I'd love to have your vote but you can't be on my team,'" he says. "Man, just close your eyes and listen. There is not a lot of positive messaging going on."
Bush is even more critical, almost contemptuous, of President Obama on the immigration issue, calling the administration's move last week to release some illegal immigrants from detention because of automatic budget cuts "deplorable" and describing his record on the issue as cynical and partisan.
"Leaders lead, they don't divide; they don't create a climate that is poisonous," he says. "And the president is a great campaigner. Fantastic campaigner. Great. OK, we've got that established, that fact. But the campaign is over, and he's still in campaign mode."
So Bush must be preparing to run for president in 2016, right?
Not even going to think about it until next year, he insists, then groans when asked why, in that case, he signed up to deliver a featured address at the high-profile Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) next week outside Washington.
"That's a good question," he says, shooting an exaggerated glare in the direction of some aides. "It's because a lot of people urged me to do it." He downplays expectations for the speech — "I'm going to be exhausted" — and praises other Republicans who are considering presidential runs, including fellow Floridian Sen. Marco Rubio.
But Bush, 60, also does nothing to deny his own presidential ambitions. He sat out last year's contest despite the urging of those who saw him as the only figure who could jump in late, unite the party and effectively challenge Obama. Instead, he watched Mitt Romney lose.
Could he have won? "Absolutely," Bush says. "I admire Mitt Romney . . . but he got himself in a box on this issue."
"This issue" refers to immigration, including Republican demands for tougher border security and Romney's inartful suggestion of "self-deportation" by illegal immigrants living in the United States. In the end, Obama carried Hispanic and Asian-American voters by more than 3-1.
Since the election, the political imperative in both parties to act on immigration prompted Bush and co-author Clint Bolick to speed up publication of Immigration Wars: Forging an American Solution by two months so it might help shape the debate on Capitol Hill. In the 274-page book, they outline a prescription on immigration that is likely to raise some hackles on both sides.
At odds with many conservatives, they support establishing a path to legal status for undocumented immigrants now in the U.S. without setting preconditions on improvements in border security. At odds with many liberals, that path to legal status wouldn't include citizenship for those who arrived in the United States as adults.
Their proposal would limit the family preference system that now allows the brothers, sisters and parents of legal residents to emigrate. Instead, they would expand visas available to entrepreneurs, to high-skilled workers with advanced math and science degrees, and to low-skilled workers needed to fill agricultural and other jobs. And they would give states the power to step up their own enforcement of federal immigration laws and to curtail social services for illegal immigrants — an idea that is sure to spark controversy.
The book notes that federal law requires hospital emergency rooms to provide medical care to everyone and proposes that states be allowed to "define which services are covered" for illegal immigrants and those who don't yet have permanent legal residency. Bolicksays that step could save the government money and reduce public resentment of illegal immigrants. "I'm not prepared to say we should change that law," Bush says. "I think we ought to have a conversation about that."
The plan is a more extensive overhaul of immigration law than the Obama administration's draft proposal that leaked last month and a more conservative blueprint than the working principles outlined by the bipartisan group of eight senators now trying to negotiate a bill. Bush argues it's also more likely to get through the Republican-controlled House.
"That could create a dialogue to find some middle ground that would get us to where we need to be," he says.
'A huge Marco fan'
Bush may be determined to wait until next year to focus on a possible presidential run, but Rubio already is on the move.
Rubio, 41, a member of that bipartisan Senate group on immigration, delivered the official Republican response to the president's State of the Union Address in January. He's just back from a trip to the Mideast that burnished his foreign policy credentials. At the end of last year, he just happened to keynote an event in Iowa, site of the opening presidential caucuses.
Rubio's rising profile has put a bit of pressure on Bush to decide his own intentions, or at least take some steps (CPAC, anyone?) to make sure the door doesn't close on him.
In 2009, after Florida Sen. Mel Martinez announced he wouldn't run for a second term, Rubio went to Bush's law office in Miami to discuss the race for an hour. "If he were to run, no one would challenge him in the primary — certainly not me," Rubio explained in his book An American Son, published last year. Only when Bush called to say he had decided against seeking the seat did Rubio seriously weigh getting in.
No such conversation has taken place between the two men about the presidential race, Bush says.
"We haven't talked about 2016," Bush says. "But I'm a huge Marco fan and I'm inspired by him and I think he's doing a great job as a senator, and we're friends. That's the level of our relationship. I've always been a fan of him from when he was, like, 26 years old and a city councilman in West Miami. I knew he had a gift."
So another question: How many Republicans who hail from Miami-Dade County and share key advisers, close ties to the Hispanic community and a focus on immigration policy can run for president at the same time?
Bush laughs. "I'll let the pundits salivate over that," he replies. "It's for my own sanity and for good reasons that I don't think about it. I don't speculate about it. I don't dream about it. I can shut that off. I've got enough things going on in my life, trust me."
Mutual friends predict Bush and Rubio won't find themselves facing off in the Republican primaries. "Being a friend of both, I cannot see a scenario where they both would run," says Ana Navarro, a GOP strategist who worked on immigration policy for Bush in the statehouse. "The friendship and mutual respect between them is real, and there's just so much overlap in friends, in supporters."
Bush says he isn't driven by presidential fever, by a burning desire to claim the top job in politics. "There's a lot of obsession about people's personal ambitions," he says. "I think my motivation really relates to broader issues. ... I want my voice to have purpose. If I can help create an environment where the principles that I believe in can be implemented — to me, that's fulfilling."
"Jeb is the grown-up in the room," says Sally Bradshaw, a veteran in Florida Republican politics who served as Bush's chief of staff as governor. "He has a perspective and an ability to sell big ideas."
On this day, he is in the Texas state Capitol on behalf of the Foundation for Excellence in Education, a group he formed four years ago to encourage other states to adopt the education policies he implemented in Florida. As he waits in a hallway, Gov. Rick Perry (yet another potential 2016 contender) emerges from an elevator. "How you doing?" Bush asks. "Best you ever saw," Perry booms.
Perry extolls what he tells Bush is the most conservative Texas legislature in nearly three decades. "Twenty senators over here with an 'R' by their name," he brags. Nineteen, an aide murmurs. "Nineteen? Should be 20," the governor says, undeterred.
"In the education reform world, the more conservative you are doesn't mean you'll be on the side of change," Bush demurs, calling it an issue that crosses party lines. He meets with the governor, sits down with some state legislators, then addresses the Senate education committee. Bush has brought a PowerPoint presentation about Florida education policies with him.
As he heads out of the Capitol, Bush spots the official portrait of his older brother, George W. Bush, twice elected governor before he was became president. "There he is," Bush declares, pausing momentarily as he makes an exaggerated ta-da gesture oddly reminiscent of his brother.
A passer-by shouts, "How's your dad?" Former president George H.W. Bush was released from a Houston hospital in January after being treated for more than a month for bronchitis. "Better," he replies, heading down stairs and out the door.
Later, Bush says his father has become "frail" at age 88. "He's an old guy, is the best way to describe him," he says. "But he's in relatively good health."
That father-son talk
At 6'4", Jeb Bush is taller than his brother and father. He is big and blunt. If George W. bears an eerie resemblance to their father, Jeb is a bit more inclined to favor their mother. He is more reserved and more cerebral than his brother, but they share the same vocal inflections and competitive instincts. Both first ran for governor in 1994, when George W. won in Texas and Jeb lost in Florida, only to run again successfully four years later.
Every winning national Republican ticket in more than three decades has had a Bush on it, running as president or vice president. If Jeb were also to win the White House, the Bushes would be the first family ever to count three presidents among their ranks. What's more, Jeb's son George P. Bush, 36, is planning to run for statewide office in Texas next year, probably for land commissioner. His other son, Jeb Jr., 29, is weighing a campaign in Florida.
"He has been encouraged to consider running for Congress," Jeb Bush says. But his son feels "some trepidation" about having a father-son talk about it, he says. "I think he knows what I'll tell him. I'll tell him what my dad told me, which was: What happens if you win?"
In national politics, the Bush name looms as both blessing and curse for Jeb Bush. The family's political credentials and connections give him ready access to a significant fundraising network. But for some skeptical conservatives, he is also shadowed by his father's decision to break his no-new-taxes pledge and his brother's expansion of the federal government and the budget deficit.
"If Jeb Bush runs, he's not going to be the conservative candidate in the primaries," says Terry Jeffrey, a conservative columnist and editor of the CNSNews.com, likening Bush to Romney in 2012. "He's going to be the establishment candidate, and his viability will depend on how many conservatives are splitting the vote in the early caucuses and primaries."
For some Democrats, the Bush name revives memories of the disputed 2000 election that put George W. Bush in the White House and of the divisive war in Iraq.
In a Quinnipiac University survey released last month, close to half of registered voters said they didn't know enough about Jeb Bush to have an opinion, but partisans on both sides were more likely to have definite views.
Republicans by 46%-7% had a favorable impression of Jeb Bush. Democrats by 50%-11% had an unfavorable one.
Alienating 'natural allies'
Last year, Bush was in Phoenix to speak at a fundraiser on behalf of Save Our Secret Ballot, an advocacy group that encourages states to pass constitutional amendments that require a secret ballot when workers vote on whether to be represented by a union. "In the very first question, Jeb was asked how we could stop the hordes of people pouring over our southern border and committing crimes and going on welfare, and his response was to rephrase the question," Bolick recalls. "He said, 'How can the Republican Party avoid committing suicide by continuing to alienate people who ought to be our natural allies?'"
Bolick, a prominent conservative lawyer affiliated with the Goldwater Institute in Phoenix, approached Bush after the speech and proposed that they write a book together outlining an immigration overhaul.
Bush dedicated the book to his granddaughter, Georgia, as the epitome of America's immigrant heritage. The toddler's father, Jeb Jr., has an American father and Mexican-born mother, Columba. Georgia's mother, Sandra, is a Canadian citizen of Iraqi descent.
"She's an Iraqi-Canadian-Mexican-Texan-American," Bush says of his granddaughter. "She's a quadra-hyphenated American. And 20 years from now, when she fills out the Census form, and asked what her ethnicity is, she'll say, 'Not applicable.'" He pulls out his smartphone to show off a photograph of the little girl, grinning.


text:
Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council, 63192-63193 [E8-25266]Download as PDF
[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 206 (Thursday, October 23, 2008)] [Notices] [Pages 63192-63193] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: E8-25266] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS-R9-EA-2008-N0266] Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice of meeting. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: We, Fish and Wildlife Service, announce a public meeting of the Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council (Council). DATES: The meeting will be held on Friday, November 7, 2008, from 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. (Eastern Time). Members of the public wishing to participate in the meeting must notify Douglas Hobbs by close of business on Friday, October 24, 2008, per instructions under SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. ADDRESSES: The meeting will be held at the Hotel Monaco Alexandria, in the Athens Room, 480 King Street, Alexandria, VA; telephone (703) 549- 6080. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Douglas Hobbs, Council Coordinator, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Mailstop 3103-AEA, Arlington, VA 22203; telephone (703) 358-2336; fax (703) 358-2548; or via e-mail at doug_ firstname.lastname@example.com. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In accordance with the requirements of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, 5 U.S.C. App., we announce that the Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council will hold a meeting on Friday, November 7, 2008. The Council was formed in January 1993 to advise the Secretary of the Interior, through the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, on nationally significant recreational fishing, boating, and aquatic resource conservation issues. The Council represents the interests of the public and private sectors of the sport fishing, boating, and conservation communities and is organized to enhance partnerships among industry, constituency groups, and government. The 18-member Council, appointed by the Secretary of the Interior, includes the Director of the Service and the president of the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, who both serve in ex officio capacities. Other Council members are Directors from State agencies responsible for managing recreational fish and wildlife resources and individuals who represent the interests of saltwater and freshwater recreational fishing, recreational boating, the recreational fishing and boating industries, recreational fisheries resource conservation, Native American tribes, aquatic resource outreach and education, and tourism. Background information on the Council is available at http://www.fws.gov/sfbpc. The Council will convene to consider: (1) The Council's continuing role in providing input to the Fish and Wildlife Service on the Service's strategic plan for its Fisheries Program; (2) the Council's work in addressing the issue of boating and fishing access; (3) methods for communicating programmatic issues of interest to incoming Department and Service personnel; (4) the Council's work to assess the Sport Fish Restoration Boating Access Program; (5) information pertaining to Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust Fund; (6) the Council's role in providing the Secretary with information about the implementation of the Strategic Plan for the National Outreach and Communications Program, authorized by the 1998 Sportfishing and Boating Safety Act, that is now being implemented by the Recreational Boating and Fishing Foundation, a private, nonprofit organization; and (7) other Council business. The final agenda will be [[Page 63193]] posted on the Internet at http://www.fws.gov/sfbpc. Procedures for Public Input: Interested members of the public may submit relevant written or oral information for the Council to consider during the public meeting. Questions from the public will not be considered during this period. Speakers who wish to expand upon their oral statements or those who had wished to speak but could not be accommodated on the agenda are invited to submit written statements to the Council. Individuals or groups requesting an oral presentation at the public Council meeting will be limited to 2 minutes per speaker, with no more than a total of 30 minutes for all speakers. Interested parties should contact Douglas Hobbs, Council Coordinator, in writing (preferably via e-mail), by Friday, October 17, 2008, (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) to be placed on the public speaker list for this meeting. Written statements must be received by Friday, October 24, 2008, so that the information may be made available to the Council for their consideration prior to this meeting. Written statements must be supplied to the Council Coordinator in both of the following formats: One hard copy with original signature, and one electronic copy via e- mail (acceptable file format: Adobe Acrobat PDF, WordPerfect, MS Word, MS PowerPoint, or Rich Text files in IBM-PC/Windows 98/2000/XP format). In order to attend this meeting, you must register by close of business Friday, October 24, 2008. Pease submit your name, time of arrival, e-mail address and phone number to Douglas Hobbs. Mr. Hobbs' e-mail address is firstname.lastname@example.com, and his phone number is (703) 358-2336. Summary minutes of the conference will be maintained by the Council Coordinator at 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, MS-3103-AEA, Arlington, VA 22203, and will be available for public inspection during regular business hours within 30 days following the meeting. Personal copies may be purchased for the cost of duplication. Dated: October 2, 2008. Kenneth Stansell, Acting Director. [FR Doc. E8-25266 Filed 10-22-08; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4310-55-P


text:
Abed al-Rahman Shadi Obeidallah moments before being fatally shot by Israeli forces in Bethlehem.
The funeral was held today for Abed al-Rahman Shadi Obeidallah, the 13 year old boy shot and killed by Israeli soldiers during clashes in Aida refugee camp in Bethlehem on Monday.
Obeidallah was shot in the chest in the clashes that took place at Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem.
He was taken in a civilian car to Beit Jala hospital where he underwent surgery, but was later pronounced dead.
At least four other Palestinians were injured in the clashes in Bethlehem, including one young man who was shot with live fire in his thigh, and another who was shot in the head with a rubber-coated steel bullet. Both were taken to hospital.
Obeidallah's death comes as violent clashes escalate around the West Bank and Jerusalem.
In al Bireh, north of Ramallah, Israeli forces shot and injured six Palestinians with live rounds and rubber-coated steel bullets during clashes late Monday night, medics told Ma'an News Agency.
Meanwhile, in clashes in the occupied East Jerusalem neighborhood of Beit Hanina, Israeli forces shot a Palestinian youth in the chest with a live bullet.
According to Ma'an News Agency, the boy was taken to Al-Makassed hospital for treatment and is in critical condition.
On Monday evening, a Red Crescent spokeswoman told Ma'an News Agency that at least 500 Palestinians had so far been injured in the clashes.
At least 41 Palestinians have been shot with live rounds, while 143 have been injured by rubber-coated steel bullets.
On Sunday, The Palestinian Red Cross declared a state of emergency across the occupied Palestinian territory, and said it was putting all its staff, teams and volunteers on standby.
The PLO has also warned that attacks by both Israeli soldiers and settlers indicated "the Israeli government is deliberately creating a situation of violence and instability that threatens to spiral out of control."
Back to Top


text:
1 day cuckoo clock 1 day musical cuckoo clocks 8 day cuckoo clock 8 day classical cuckoo clock with music Clocks of the year Quartz cuckoo clocks Quartz cuckoo clocks with music Modern cuckoo clocks Cuckoo Clocks special offers Spare parts for Cuckoo Clocks Shield clocks Grandfather clocks Clocks Mood paintings Souvenirs and clocks German Beer steins Erzgebirge crafts Weather houses Lovely home
Cuckoo Clock Pendulum hand carved
Item: 9.0401.11
Colour: Black with gold In stock - worldwide delivery
Colour: Black with gold In stock - worldwide delivery
Retail price: 21,00 USD
16.35 USD incl.0% VATplus shipping
For following Clock types:
Hand carved, five-leaves bird, five-leaves three-bird with an overall height of approx. 23 cm / 9 inch
|August Schwer
|Weight gross:
|0.4 kg
|17 cm/6.7 inch
|5 cm/2.0 inch
The Company August Schwer was founded in 1885 from Mr. August Schwer. His clocks became well known in many regions of the world within a short time. So August Schwer started the production in series. In the year 2000 the company was taken over by Andy Winter. Mr. Winter has worked for many years at August Schwer and knows the company and ist products very well. In the following years Mr. Winter succeeded many times in the annual competition Cuckoo Clock of the Year. The cuckoo clocks from August Schwer are characterized by their affectionate decoration and high quality.


text:
NAI Global is a leading global commercial real estate brokerage firm. NAI Global offices are leaders in their local markets and work in unison to provide clients with exceptional solutions to their commercial real estate needs – both locally and globally. >>
NAI Global offices are leading local firms who have chosen and been chosen in kind, to be part of a cohesive global organization that is actively managed for peak performance. Each office is united around a shared commitment to exceptional service. >>
NAI Global offices are free to act quickly and creatively on your behalf. Local leaders take your business personally and deliver a superior level of service that can't be duplicated elsewhere. That's 375+ offices and a team of over 6,000 professionals around the world, all taking your business personally. >>
Our corporate leadership team aligns with the local offices under a shared strategic vision and plan that focuses on delivery of the highest quality service to our clients. >>
Our key values serve as a compass for our behavior and direct how we conduct our business and manage our relationships. >>
NAI Global offers many opportunities for our clients, partners, and sponsors to participate in our internal and external events and activities. >>
NAI Global and our local offices consistently rank in the top tier among the competition as measured for both local and global execution of commercial real estate service to clients. >>
In-depth local knowledge is a critical component to navigating the dynamic commercial real estate market. This statistical data gathered from our primary, secondary and tertiary markets and their submarkets and micro-markets, combined with the experience of our service professionals, provides you with the insight and resources to make informed business decisions.
Our library of publications varies with input from local offices around the world and includes audio presentations, local spotlights, market reports, white papers and blog articles. Should you wish to subscribe to our publications via email, please send your request to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Our local offices cover economic, property, market and cultural interests, with the aim of informing our clients regarding news that affects commercial real estate values. Local research, along with the input of our regional teams, produces intelligence that conveys historical and future predictions in quarterly reports, annual reviews and customized reports covering market trends, significant transactions, and local economic and demographic data.
NAI Global is a leading global commercial real estate brokerage firm. NAI Global offices are leaders in their local markets and work in unison to provide clients with exceptional solutions to their commercial real estate needs. NAI Global has more than 400 offices strategically located throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia Pacific, with over 7,000 local market professionals, managing in excess of 425 million square feet of property. Annually, NAI Global completes in excess of $20 billion in commercial real estate transactions throughout the world. NAI professionals work together with our global management team to help our clients strategically optimize their real estate assets.
Please use the following contact information :
NAI Global
717 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor
New York, New York 10022
Tel 212 405 2500
If you wish for us to contact you directly, please fill in and submit the form below. Your contact information will remain private and will not be shared outside the NAI organization.
NAI Global has professionals to assist with your commercial real estate in primary, secondary and tertiary markets around the world. Please select a region above to start your search.
We offer several ways to approach your real estate in a holistic manner: either from your perspective as a Client or addressing your specific Property type.
We invite you to browse our services in relation to your specific real estate needs. Please select your Client type or Property type, depending on the focus of your current requirement.
Our professionals worldwide have significant expertise in both their areas of specialization and in their local markets. Together, we act and think as a team, strong with one purpose: to achieve our clients' goals.
With a team approach, out-of-the-box thinking and innovative resources, we combine all of our talent, skills and tools to meet and exceed our clients' expectations. Please select a specific Service or go to Expertise and select a Client type for multiple related services.
Instructions: Please enter the location of your requirements. You can enter a complete or partial address.
Whether your needs are local or global, we look forward to being of service. As a leading global commercial real estate brokerage firm with 400+ offices and over 7,000 professionals worldwide we offer a broad global footprint enhanced by our management infrastructure. Combined with being deeply rooted in each community we serve, we can guide your requirement to completion with the benefit of regional insights and expertise. Where can we help you?
NAI El Paso is the exclusive NAI Global affiliate serving the Texas counties of El Paso and Hudspeth. El Paso's diverse MSA encompasses approximately 2,281,000 million people between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, and NAI El Paso is the local expert on transacting commercial real estate and property management business with a deep understanding of the economies of the region.
NAI El Paso specializes in providing its clients with an array of services including traditional transactional brokerage, property management, and specialized support. We specialize in providing services tailored to meet a client's unique requirements via a customized delivery platform. Combined, our Team has over 100 years of commercial real estate experience. The group is responsible for over $160 million in transaction volume. Locally, nationally, and globally, NAI El Paso was built to serve you.


text:
ACS has been providing its customers with
Profit Producing Performance Products
for over 25 years and counting.
We supply a complete line of metal fabrication machinery to the HVAC Contractor, Precision Metal Fabricator, Job Shop Fabricator and Structural Steel Manufacturer as well as to Steel Service Centers.
Advance Cutting Systems is pleased to introduce the
i-Fold duct coil line.
The i-Fold brings an affordable coil line to even the smallest duct fabricator. For contractors who use Ductmate™, Ward™ or MEZ™ knock on duct connectors, the i-Fold cannot be beaten!
For more information on this great deal, please click here.
Click here for more information.


text:
The keywords that you give are searched for in the Title of the job, Key Skills asked for in the job and the entire text of the job description in that order.
The jobs are sorted on relevance by default. The most relevant ones appear at the top.
Company Jobs are posted by corporates trying to fill the positions for their own requirements. Placement Agencies Jobs are those posted by consultants or agencies who have been hired by corporates to fill their requirements. Choose All option for seeing the maximum number of results.


text:
Huia Greeting Card, Buller's BirdsAntique Print Gallery
This greeting card features the Huia from the 2nd Edition of Sir Walter Buller's History of the Birds of New Zealand, published in 1888.
Sir Walter Buller, NZC, KCMG, FRS (1838–1906) was a New Zealand magistrate and held a variety of judicial posts in New Zealand. He also had a passionate interest in New Zealand birds. In 1872, the first edition of his History of the Birds of New Zealand was published with 36 hand-coloured lithographs.
The second edition was an expanded version and appeared in two volumes with 48 chromolithographs.
The artist for both editions was the Dutchman John Gerrard Keulemans, who was a leading artist and lithographer of the late nineteenth century.
The card is printed on art quality white card and is blank inside. The folded size is 105mm x 148mm. It includes a tropical seal envelope.


text:
McNamara & Vietnam
August 10, 1995 issue
Subscribe and save 50%!
Read the latest issue as soon as it's available and browse the rich archive. With this offer you will have immediate subscriber-only access to over 1,200 issues and over 20,000 articles published since 1963!Subscribe now
Give the gift they'll open all year
Save 50% off the regular rate and 75% off the cover price and receive a free 2021 calendar!


text:
Caterpillar Tandem Rollers, Asphalt Compactors
Caterpillar Tandem Rollers: Designed by, with, and for road building customers.
Cat vibratory asphalt compactors, solid and split drum, are newly designed and built like no paving contractors in Florida have ever seen before. Paving All Day. Every Day.
Contact Ring Power for more information on available Caterpillar paving rollers click here: http://bit.ly/asphalt-compactors. All of our paving products by Caterpillar, LeeBoy and others at our website, ringpower.com


text:
New Member
- PaleBrowndataleet248 was last seen:
- Nov 20, 2020
- Loading...
- Loading...
Sign up for a chance to win the grand prize: a Razer Blade 15! (view more)
To survive in Night City, you'll need gear that always takes it to the Edge. (view more)
Our new ultra-lightweight mobility laptop for the road warrior. (view more)
Get ready for the next-gen with the new Razer Kaira Pro wireless headset for Xbox Series X/S. (view more)
New Member


text:
Plot & Characters:
An all consuming powerful story that shows the price we pay for the bonds that tie us to the lives of others and the power of the choices made by them.
This riveting story holds strong roots in the romance and love we search for in life, the love that Mari and Lt. Col. Roger Weston battle against and eventually for. We see it time and again serve as the bases of what makes us human, bringing us back from the brink of destruction. Tactical Deception is a masterfully crafted story with a message hidden in and around an action packed gut wrenching tale of horrific plots of terrorism and those that must step up to the plate to defend their country no matter the cost to themselves.
In book one we meet and follow a Delta Force Team through cracking a plot of terrorism set to unfold and destroy the lives of so many. Each member is shown to us through their actions to reach the end of what is going on; actions that offer us great insight into their character. Lives were saved, a family formed, but lives were also lost which leads us to the major romance plot in book two. In Tactical Deception we join up with them again as they deal with the aftermath of the fallout from the previous attack while trying to break through recently discovered terrorist cells already killing innocent people in America and gunning for the President while also weeding out the threat from the White Aryan Vipers Militia training Camp set on setting the balance straight again.
There are intense moments when you think everything is going to go south and other moments when you are cheering for whatever advancement the main hero and heroine make in reaching towards some kind of happiness between them. Then the author throws us in the deep end by showing us what's going on in the minds of the antagonist, of which there are many. It's a tangled web of deceit, family treachery and love. Love of friendship. Love of camaraderie between the men of the Delta force. And love between a man and a woman that just might beat all the odds stack against them. The road is a bloody one but so worth the fight when you reach the end. It will bring a tear to your eye and pull at your soul. It also sheds a ray of light on a people and culture that are misunderstood at times. The author definitely did her research for this series and it shows through the seamless story she has written.
To go into detail of how this book's scenes unfold would be pointless in that you, as the reader, need to experience each moment for yourself to grasp the full concept and emotion buried within each page. It's that intense. Ms. Saint, you've really outdone yourself. This is the blockbuster of military romantic suspense!
True to her talent Ms. Saint has delivered a well written a story worthy of her title as a USA Today's Bestselling author under her writing name Jennifer Saint Giles. Her ability to write with such depth and perception, smooth prose, fast paced action and hot loves scenes make on heck of a combination that delivers explosive stories that readers will never forget.
Ms. Saint can write one hell of a military romantic suspense! I highly recommend this book, this series, THIS AUTHOR to readers that love to step into stories with heart and meaning. Not to mention hot heroes the heroines they fall in love with! Tactical Deception was just too good to put down and I want more! Here's to hoping bad boy Corporal Rico Santana gets his story in the next installment in the Silent Warrior Series!
One tormented soldier. One woman. Eight snipers. Someone's going down…
The fallout from the team's failed mission to Lebanon is still chewing Lt. Col. Roger Weston's butt. God help them all if the media get wind of the real story. Worse, guilt is eating him alive over a decision that left a fallen warrior's wife without a husband…and exposed to danger from her radical family.
No matter what, Mari Dalton's safety and wellbeing—and that of her unborn child—come first.
Mari is certain God is punishing her. She loved the man who rescued her from a windowless cell in Afghanistan, and never betrayed their marriage. But she has never been able to forget her body's reaction to Roger. The pounding heart, the burning senses, sinful thoughts run wild.
Now she is the target of terrorists bent on destroying the heart of America. As Roger lays his life on the line to protect her, they uncover a plot already in motion to assassinate the President. As the world teeters on the edge of chaos, any hope for a future rests in Roger's already bloodstained hands…and the quietly faithful woman who holds his heart.
Warning: Hot action and to die for heroes will leave you breathless.