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Baldrige Award–winning manufacturers know how to design and build a high-quality product. However, a skill that even state-of-the-art manufacturers have yet to master is the art of quickly designing many new, high-quality products at once and then building them on the same production line. It is an important issue in the automotive industry, where car companies and suppliers are racing to meet the demand for safer products by creating crash-resistant bumpers, front and side air bags and head restraints.
Conventional wisdom holds that the way to build new products better and faster is to integrate design and manufacturing-process concerns early in the development cycle. But is early integration really the solution? If so, what is it about process-design integration that improves performance? A study of research and development projects at 137 North American manufacturers conducted by researchers at Michigan State University in 2000 revealed some answers. Associate professor Morgan Swink and doctoral candidate Dongsong Zeng of MSU's Eli Broad Graduate School of Management focused particularly on confirming that design quality improves when knowledge from manufacturing experts is integrated early in new-product development. The greater the integration and the earlier it occurs, the better companies fare at coping with complexity and technological uncertainty.
The crucial factor in achieving quality and speed, Swink and Dongsong found, is the extent to which a company's manufacturing processes can deliver what the product designers envision. When Honda designers created a sculptured Acura trunk hood — a distinguishing feature of the new model — they had to talk with the stamping experts in manufacturing to ensure their design would work. However, when designers ask for more than a company's manufacturing processes can deliver, the aim of quickly creating and manufacturing new products is thwarted.
So how can a firm blend the two disciplines? Many companies successfully make use of project-management software, simulation software and cross-functional teams. But one methodology with roots at Toyota that has been successful in efforts at Pella, Maytag, Black & Decker, Mercedes-Benz and other manufacturers is "3P," which stands for product and production preparation. A 3P program calls for five-day structured sessions that bring together manufacturing, engineering, design, procurement and maintenance personnel, as well as shop-floor operators. Together, such a diverse group brainstorms to find the best way to design and create a product.
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|Find HD Motorcycles for sale - Browse HD4SALE for Used HD Motorcycles VIEW ALL
|Featured used Harley Davidson Motorcycles for sale
|Harley-Davidson Model Index
|NEW Classified AD Listings
American Motorcycle Dealers
Harley Davidson Custom Editions CVO
Harley Davidson Softail
FLSTC - Heritage Softail Classic
FLSTN - Heritage Nostalgia
FLSTNI - Softail Deluxe
FLSTF - Fat Boy
FLSTS - Heritage Springer Softail
FXSTC - Softail Custom
FXSTS - Softail Springer
FLSTSB - Softail Cross Bones
FXSTSB - Bad Boy
FXCW - Rocker
FXSTB - Night Train
FXST - Softail Standard
FXSTD - Softail Deuce
Harley Davidson Dyna
FXDWG - Dyna Wide Glide
FXDL - Dyna Low Rider
FXDX - Dyna Super Glide
FXDS - Dyna Convertible
FXSB - Sturgis
FXDBI - Street Bob
FXDF - Dyna Fat Bob
Salvage Titled Harley Davidsons
Harley Davidson Touring
FLHRCI - Road King Classic
FLHRS - Road King Custom
FLHRP - Road King Police
FLHT- Electra Glide
FLHTCU - Ultra Classic
FLHTCUI - Ultra Classic Electra Glide
FLTR - Road Glide
FLHX - Street Glide
FLTC - Tour Glide
FLHR Road King
Harley Davidson V-ROD
Harley Davidson Sportster
Sportster 1200
Nightster 1200
Sportster 883
Sportster Ironhead
XLCR Cafe Racer
Buell Motorcycles
Harley Davidson Trikes
Indian Motorcycles
American Chopper Custom Harleys
Ultra Cycles
Boss Hoss
American Ironhorse
Big Bear
Big Dog
Custom Softails
Custom Hardtails
Custom Harleys
Harley Davidson Vintage
American Motorcycle Swapmeet
Harley Davidson Parts
American Harley Accessories
Wanted and Trades
Stolen Harley Motorcycles
Toys for Big Boys
Used Harley-Davidson State Searches
|Find Used Harley Davidsons For Sale USA State Search
|New Hampshire
|New Jersey
|New Mexico
|New York
|North Carolina
|North Dakota
|Rhode Island
|South Carolina
|South Dakota
|West Virginia
Each of the names and abbreviations listed below are registered trademarks of the Harley-Davidson Motor Company. They are only being used in this web site for reference purposes only by both buyers and sellers. RideAmerican Motorcycles Ltd. is in no way, manner, or form affiliated with Harley-Davidson Motor Company or any of its authorized dealers who may or may not advertise on this web site. The following list represents Harley-Davidson Motor Company trademark names used to describe motorcycles manufactured by Harley-Davidson and possibly for sale on this web site.
Harley-Davidson DYNA Glide - FX - Superglide, FXB - Sturgis Belt, FXD - Dyna Super Glide, FXDG - Dyna Glide/Sturgis, FXDL - Dyna Low Rider, FXDS-CON - Dyna Convertible, FXDWG - Dyna Wide Glide, FXDX - Dyna Super Glide Sport, FXDXT - Super Glide Sport, FXE - Superglide Electric Start, FXEF - Fatbob, FXLR - FX Lower Rider - Evolution
Harley-Davidson FXR - Rubber Mount Super Glide - FXRDG - Disc Glide, FXRP - Police or pursuit, FXRS - FXR Sport, FXRS-CON - FXR Sport Convertible, FXRS-SP - Low Rider Sport Edition, FXRT - FXR Touring, FXS - Low Rider/Shovelhead, FXSB - Low Rider Belt
Harley-Davidson Softail - FXST - Softail Standard, FXSTB - Night Train, FXSTBI - Night Train fuel injected, FXSTC - Softail Custom, FXSTD - Softail Deuce, FXSTS - Springer Softail, FLST - Heritage Softail, FLSTC - Heritage Softail Classic, FLSTF - Fat Boy, FLSTN - Nostalgia, FLSTS - Heritage Springer Softail
Harley-Davidson Touring FL - FLH - 4-Speed Dresser, FLHS - 4-Speed Electra Glide, FLT with windshield and less goodies S = Sport, FLHR - Road King. FLHRCI - Road King Classic, FLHS- Electra Glide Sport, FLHT - Electra Glide Standard, FLHTC - Electra Glide Classic, FLHTCUI - Electra Glide Ultra Classic, FLT- Rubber Mount Dresser , FLTC - Rubber Mount Dresser Classic, FLTCU - Rubber Mount Dresser Classic Ultra, FLTR - Road Glide, FLTRI - Road Glide w/ Genuine Access, FLTRSEI - Screamin Eagle Road Glide
Harley-Davidson VRSC - (V-TWIN Racing Street Custom) , VRSCA: 1st model of the V-ROD family
Harley-Davidson Sportsters - XL - 4-Speed Sportster, XL883 - Sportster Hugger, XL883C - Sportster 883 Custom, XL1100 - Sportster 1100, XL1200 - Sportster 1200, XL1200C - Sportster 1200 Custom, XL1200S - Sportster 1200 Sport, XLCH - 4-Speed Sportster, Kick start, XLCR - Cafe Racer 1000, XLH - 4-Speed Sportster, Electric Start, XLH883 - 883 Hugger, XLH1200 - 1200, XLH1200S - Sport, XLS - 4-Speed Sportster Roadster, XLX - 4-Speed 1000cc Ironhead, XR1000 - XLH with XLR Heads.
Harley Davidson Motorcycle designator letters
X - Sportsters. These descend from the K series, 1952-56
XL- Series started in 1957. They are unit construction (engine & transmission share a common case)
L - High compression (7.5:1 in 1957)
H - Starting in 1958 came the XLH, meaning Higher-power or High-compression (9:1) or Hot
C - Also in 1958 was the XLCH. The C was intended to mean Competition.
CR- Cafe racer style, with bikini fairing.
LT- Touring, with bigger tank, thicker seat, and hard bags.
The first letter of the model designator reveals the engine series:
G - Servicar three wheeler, 1932 to 1972
E - Overhead valve 61 cubic inch big twin (Engine/trans separated)
F - Overhead valve 74,80 or 88 cubic inch big twin
FL - 80 to 88 cubic inches and a fat front tire.
K - Side valve 45 and 55 cubic inch sports bike that replaced the WL in 1953 and was replaced by the
Sportster in 1957.It had many design features that were carried over to the Sportster.
U - Side valve 74 or 80 cubic inch big twin
V - Side valve 74 cubic inch made prior to 1936
W - Side valve 45 cubic inch made 1934 to 1952
X - Sports and special construction. Applied to 1918-1922 opposed twin Sport, 1944 military opposed twin, and 1957 to present Sportster.
The second letter of the model designator reveals the Front end (except sportsters)
X - Narrow tire and sport forks.
L - Wide front tire and Hydra-Glide front forks.
(FX originally meant Factory Experimental The first one was the Super Glide FX)
The third letter of the model designator reveals the frame style:
D - Dyna frame (with the rubber mounted motor)
HT - Highway Touring frame
ST - Softail frame
The next letter(s) indicates the model bike within the frame family:
A - Military (Army) version (except GA, Servicar without tow bar)
B - Battery start (early models), Belt drive (early 80's) Black paint.(1995-6 model, the Bad Boy)
C - Classic, Competition, Custom, various others meanings.
D - Dyna, the newest frame and engine mount design.
DG - Disc Glide
E - Electric start
F - Foot shift (when the standard was hand-shift) and now Fat Boy
H - varied between High performance and Heavy duty.
I - Signifies Fuel Injection.
L - Big fat front tire
LR - Low Rider (though many Low Riders don't include LR in the model ID)
N - Nostalgia
P - Police version
R - Rubber mounted engine (some models) racing version (other models)
ST - Soft Tail, Softail
S - Springer
S - (without following T) Sports version
T - Touring
WG - Wide Glide
X - Sportster or sportster-type front end and Skinny front tire.
|Harley Davidson Popular USA City name Search
|San Diego
|Myrtle Beach
|New York
The following designations for Harley-Davidson motorcycles are used on this web site HD4SALE.COM for reference only to help the buyer and seller identify Harley Davidson models that are for sale on HD4SALE.COM:
Knucklehead, Panhead, Flathead, Shovelhead, Blockhead, Bad Boy, Duo Glide, Electra Glide, Evolution, Fatboy, Fat Boy, H-D, Harley, Harley-Davidson, Hydra Glide, Heritage, Road King, Roadster, Twin 88, Softail, Sportster, 883 Hugger, XLCR, XL1200, Springer, Heritage, Dyna Glide, Sportster, Sturgis, Super Glide, Low Rider, Wide Glide and Softail are registered trademarks of Harley-Davidson,Inc.,Milwaukee Wisconsin, U.S.A.
EL, FL, FLH, FLHR, FLHS, FLHT, FLHTC, FLHTC-I, FLHTS, Ultra, FLHX, FLST, FLSTC, FLSTF, FLSTN, FLSTS, FLT, FLTC, FLTC Ultra, FXB, FXD, FXDB, FXDC, FXDG, FXDL, FXDSFXDS-Conv., FXDWG, FXE, FXEF, FXLR, FXR, FXRC, FXRD, FXRDG, FXRP, FXRS, FXRSE, FXRS-Conv., FXRS-SP, FXRT, FXS, FXSB, FXST, FXSTC, FXSTS, FXSTSB, FXWG, Twin Cam 88, GE, K, KH, V-Rod, VROD, WL, WLA, XL, XLCH, XLCR, XLH, XLH 883, XLH 1100, XLH 1200, XLR, XLS, XLT, XLX, AND XR1000.
HD 4 Sale, Ride American Motorcycles Ltd. has assisted American bikers in both buying and selling motorcycles in all fifty states and in most major cities throughout the USA. Including Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho State, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming..
Anniston, Birmingham, Dothan, Huntsville, Mobile/Pensacola, Montgomery, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, AL - Anchorage, Fairbanks, Alaska, AK - Phoenix, Tucson, Yuma, Arizona, AZ - Fort Smith, Jonesboro, Little Rock, Arkansas, AR - Bakersfield, Chico, Redding, Eureka, Fresno, Los Angeles Monterey Bay Area, Palm Springs, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco Bay Area, Santa Barbara, California, CA - Colorado Springs, Pueblo, Denver, Grand Junction, Denver, CO - Hartford, New Haven, Connecticut, CT - Fort Myers, Naples ,Gainesville, Jacksonville, Miami, Mobile, Daytona, Pensacola, Orlando Metro, Panama City, Tallahassee, Tampa Bay, West Palm Beach, Key West, Florida, FL - Albany, Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Savannah, Georgia, GA - Boise, Idaho Falls, Pocatello, Twin Falls - Idaho, ID - Chicago, Davenport, Moline, Peoria, Bloomington, Quincy, Rockford, Springfield, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, IL - Evansville, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Lafayette, South Bend, Indiana, IN - Cedar Rapids, Waterloo, Davenport, Moline, Des Moines, Ottumwa, Kirksville, Rochester, Mason City, Sioux City, Iowa, IA - Topeka, Wichita, Kansas, KS - Bowling Green, Lexington, Louisville, Owensboro, Paducah, Kentucky, KY - Alexandria, Baton Rouge, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Monroe, New Orleans, Shreveport, Louisiana, LA - Bangor, Portland, Presque Isle, Maine, ME - Baltimore, Salisbury, Maryland, MD - Boston Metro, Springfield, Massachusetts, MA - Alpena Metro, Detroit, Flint, Saginaw, Grand Rapids, Lansing, Marquette, Traverse City, Cadillac, Michigan, MI - Duluth, Superior, Mankato, Minneapolis, Saint Paul, Rochester, Mason City, Minnesota, MN - Biloxi, Columbus, Tupelo, Greenville, Hattiesburg, Jackson, Meridian, Mississippi, MS - Jefferson City, Joplin, Kansas City, Ottumwa, Kirksville, Saint Joseph, Saint Louis, Springfield, Missouri, MO - Billings, Butte, Glendive, Great Falls, Helena, Missoula, Montana, MT - Lincoln, North Platte, Omaha, Nebraska, NE - Las Vegas, Reno, Carson City, Laflan, Boulder City, Nevada, NV - Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Los Alamos, Rio Rancho, Roswell, Silver City, New Mexico, NM - Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo, Elmira, New York, Rochester, Syracuse, Utica, Watertown, New York, NY - Charlotte Metro, Greenville, Raleigh, Durham, Wilmington, Winston, Salem, North Carolina, NC - Bismarck, Fargo, North Dakota, ND - Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, Lima, Toledo, Wheeling, Steubenville, Youngstown, Zanesville - Ohio, OH - Ardmore, Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Wichita Falls, Lawton, Oklahoma, OK - Bend, Eugene, Medford, Klamath Falls, Portland, Oregon, OR - Erie, Harrisburg, Johnstown, Altoona, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Wilkes, Barre, Scranton, Pennsylvania, PA - Providence, Newport, Warwick, Rhode Island, RI - Charleston, Columbia, Florence, Greenville, Spartanburg, South Carolina, SC - Rapid City, Sioux Falls, Deadwood, Spearfish, Sturgis, South Dakota, SD - Chattanooga, Jackson, Knoxville, Memphis, Nashville, Tri-Cities, Tennessee, TN - Abilene, Amarillo, Austin, Beaumont, Port Arthur, Bryan, College Station, Corpus Christi, Dallas, Fort Worth, El Paso, Harlingen, Houston, Laredo, Lubbock, Odessa, San Angelo, San Antonio, Tyler, Victoria, Wichita Falls, Lawton, Texas, TX - Salt Lake City, Utah, UT - Burlington, Vermont, VT - Charlottesville, Hampton Roads, Harrisonburg, Richmond, Roanoke, Lynchburg, Virginia, VA - Seattle, Spokane, Tri-Cities, Bellingham, Washington, WA - Washington, D.C. - Bluefield, Charleston, Huntington, Clarksburg, Weston, Parkersburg, Wheeling, Steubenville, West Virginia, WV - Green Bay, La Crosse, Eau Claire, Milwaukee, Wausau, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, WI - Casper, Riverton, Cheyenne, Buffalo, Sheridan, Wyoming, WY
We have also helped many Harley Davidson Motorcycle owners from Canada, Sell used Harley Davidson and Harley Parts in Vancouver, Squamish, British Columbia B.C. - Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland..
Most of the sales on this web site are for Used Harley-Davidson Motorcycles although we do sell a lot of New Harley-Davidson Motorcycles as well as Custom Harley-Davidson Motorcycles and Custom Chopper Motorcycles. Custom Choppers are becoming very popular in motorcycle classified advertising.
HD4SALE.COM - American Motorcycle Classifieds, RideAmerican Motorcycles Ltd is not an authorized Harley Davidson Dealer and is not affiliated in any way to the Harley-Davidson Motor Company. However, any products with the Harley-Davidson trademark, name, word, Harley Davidson motorcycle or OEM part number used in this site by HD4SALE.COM is intended to be as a reference only to that product. We help buyers and sellers of American Motorcycles including used Harleys and parts. RideAmerican Motorcycles Ltd. is a company that promotes American Motorcycles only, we also ride and own a Harley Davidson Motorcycle and we do believe Harley Davidson is the greatest Motorcycle ever produced. I also have the trademarked Harley Davidson logo tattooed on my arm.
|Harley Davidson Popular Search Terms
|Heritage Softail Classic
|Heritage Springer
|Softail Springer
|Dyna Low Rider
|Street Glide
|Night Train
|Screamin Eagle
|Dyna Super Glide
|Tour Glide
|Heritage Softail
|Road King
|Dyna Wide Glide
|Harley Davidson
|Electra Glide
|Road Glide
|Ultra Classic
|Sign In | Sign Up | Sell Harley | Testimonials | New | HD Search | Motorcycle Marketplace | Biker Links | Privacy | Site Map
| RideAmerican Motorcycles Ltd. copyright 1997, 2017 all rights reserved
HD4SALE.COM, USED-HARLEY-DAVIDSONS.COM, RIDE-AMERICAN.COM, AMERICAN-HARLEYS.COM, HDFORSALE.COM, we sell USED HARLEYS

subset: commoncrawl


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Lately I've consumed so much content regarding getting started producing your own content. How meta, right? (Seems like everyone has something to say about it right now.) And basically what everyone says–everyone– is this: Keep. Producing. Content. Keep on making your thing. If you want to read arguably the best and most comprehensive article on the subject, then do yourself a favor and devote ten minutes to reading this, thoroughly: Make Your Thing: 12 Point Program for Absolutely, Positively 1000% No-Fail Guaranteed Success
And if that's too long, or you don't have ten minutes to spare (seriously though, for makers-of-things, it's ten minutes that you're investing in your future, it's that good) then here's the sticking point for me: Don't get so caught up in the details and future-plans (or lack thereof) that you never actually make/produce anything. Quit over-thinking and waiting for the "right time," and just keep making your thing. It will not be perfect. It might not even be very good, and that's okay. You need to practice. You need to figure out what works and what doesn't. You need to exercise your making-muscle. If you can only work under the most ideal of circumstances, you lack the creative discipline to actually be a professional, so stop waiting for the stars to align, and just keep working.
Today I came across this quote, on RowdyKittens: "Your first 10,000 photographs are your worst" (Henri Cartier-Bresson), and I felt that it summed-up the truth of the matter rather succinctly. Whether your thing is photography, or writing, or vlogging, or cooking, or heck, analyzing data and creating neato infographs, everyone has to go through their own personal amateur-hour before they actually get good at their thing. And if your thing is public-facing, that can be scary, right? No one wants to be judged harshly off of their first efforts.
Personal story: I completely hacked the first dance solo I was given in high school. I mean, seriously. It was terrible. I hacked it at every single competition we attended. Wanna know why? I never committed to getting it right in rehearsal, because I was so afraid of my teammates judging me. But that's the thing! You have to have that vulnerability at first, in order to get all of that hacking out of the way. So what if those teammates judged me? If I'd have committed to taking risks in rehearsals, I likely wouldn't have performed so terribly at competitions. I'd have worked my amateur-hour out already, and the audience would have received the "real thing."
So if it's a given that "your first 10,000 photographs will be your worst," then what are you waiting for? Better get those out of the way so you can start making the "real thing." A thing you can be proud of, and a thing that you're not afraid of being judged on.
Which reminds me of another quote, which I will leave you with: "Feel the fear, and do it anyway." Wish I could tell you who said that, or where I heard it, but it's stuck with me and served me well on so many occasions. Acknowledge that you're afraid, but don't let that stop you from actually doing.
Deep stuff from me today, folks. Deep stuff.


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Shipwright::Manual::UsingBranches - Using branches
Shipwright branches is a method to keep multiple sources for one source, a bit like branches in vcs. Technically, all the sources for foo live below sources/foo/.
Sources from CPAN can't be branched, or in the other way, can only have one branch. Technically, only dists occurred in shipwright/source.yml can be branched.
Imagine we have an app Foo, of which the layout in vcs is like: trunk/... branches/1.0/... branches/2.0/...
With branches support, we can add all the 3 versions in shipwright:
$ shipwright import -r ... svn:.../trunk --name Foo --as trunk
$ shipwright import -r ... svn:.../branches/1.0 --name Foo --as branches/1.0
$ shipwright import -r ... svn:.../branches/2.0 --name Foo --as branches/2.0
the branch names can be whatever you want, no need to be the same layout as your vcs system now we have trunk, 1.0 and 2.0 branches in shipwright:
$ shipwright list -r ... Foo
will show "branches: trunk, branches/1.0, branches/2.0"
When build, the 1st one will be treated as the default branch. to change the default branch, e.g. we want to change 2.0 as the default:
$ shipwright defaultbranch -r ... Foo branches/2.0
If we don't want to change the default branch, we can also supply --branch arg when build:
$ ./bin/shipwright-builder --branches Foo=branches/2.0
Since all these branches share the same build script and the same dep sources, if branches are way too different, it's better to import it as another source instead of branching.
Shipwright, Shipwright::Manual
Shipwright is Copyright 2007-2015 Best Practical Solutions, LLC.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.


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Items affiliated to "3 LIVESTOCK"
Group by: No Grouping | Authors | Refereed | Document Language | EPrint Type
Jump to: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Number of items at this level: 1.
Conference paper, poster, etc.
Vaarst, Mette; Leeb, Christine; Nicholas, Pip; Roderick, Stephen; Smolders, Gidi; Walkenhorst, Micheal; Brinkman, Jan; March, Solveig; Stöger, Elisabeth; Gratzer, Elisabeth; Winckler, Christoph; Lund, Wonne; Henriksen, Britt I.F.; Hansen, Berit; Neale, Madeleine and Whistance, Lindsay K. (2008) Development of animal health and welfare planning in organic dairy farming in Europe. Speech at: Cultivating the Future Based on Science: 2nd Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research ISOFAR, Modena, Italy, June 18-20, 2008.
This list was generated on Thu Dec 3 21:18:20 2020 CET.


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- Home /
- Benjamin Trail Nitro Piston Elite Hardwood (.22)
- Details
Benjamin Trail break barrel air rifles are the first to feature the all new Nitro Piston Elite™ system featuring an upgraded powerplant and all-new, enhanced Clean Break Trigger (CBT™).
The new Trail guns shoot 15% faster and deliver more energy with double the effective shooting range of the original Trail series. All in a smoother-shooting gun with less vibration, less recoil, and up to a 10-pound reduction in cocking force.
The Benjamin Trail rifles also include an integrated sound suppression system that makes the gun quieter than ever.
And every gun is put together by American workers in our manufacturing headquarters in Bloomfield, New York.
The .22 caliber Benjamin Trail shoots up to 1100 fps (alloy) and delivers 26 foot pounds of energy (fpe). It includes a CenterPoint 3-9 x 32 mm scope. The hardwood stock features a thumbhole configuration with rubber recoil pad.NOT A TOY. THIS AIRGUN IS RECOMMENDED FOR ADULT USE ONLY. MISUSE OR CARELESS USE MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH. BE CAREFUL, SHOOT SAFELY.THIS PRODUCT CAN EXPOSE YOU TO CHEMICALS INCLUDING LEAD, WHICH IS KNOWN TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA TO CAUSE CANCER AND BIRTH DEFECTS OR OTHER REPRODUCTIVE HARM. FOR MORE INFORMATION GO TO WWW.P65WARNINGS.CA.GOV
- Technical Specs
SKU BTN292WX Caliber .22 Powerplant Nitro Piston 2 Lead Pellet Velocity Up to 950 fps Alloy Pellet Velocity Up to 1100 fps Steel BB Velocity No Action Break Barrel Length No Product Weight 9.00 lbs Air Reservoir No Barrel Material Steel Rifled Barrel No Barrel Type Rifled Buttpad No Camo Pattern No Checkering No Cocking Effort 30 lbs FPE $26.00 Foot Pounds of Energy (FPE) No Joules No Front Sight None Rear Sight N/A Material Wood Magazine N/A Mounting Rail Picatinny Noise Suppression Yes Trigger Two Stage Stock Style Thumbhole Included Optics No Sling Mounts Included Yes Sling Mount Type No Stock Material Hardwood Safety Lever Rings included? No
- Downloads
Product Attachments
- Accessories
Suggested Activities
- Predator Hunting
- Varmint Hunting
- Pest Control
- Small Game Hunting
- Target Shooting
- Competition


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FREE SHIPPING starting from 90 euros
Availability: In stock
* Required Fields
Hoodie MAN - Style: P-6 LOGO UPRISAL - Color: BLACKBlack hoodie made of recycled fleece. Tone-on-tone drawstring and original multicolor Patagonia logo in the center. Kangaroo pocket. Ribbed cuff and edges. Fair Trade Certified seams and inks free of pvs and phthalates.COMPOSITION:48% recycled cotton47% recycled polyester5% elastaneBrand code: 39539
Mascheroni Store guarantess delivery within 1-2 business days for order placed from monday to friday before 3.30 p.m.Shipping may take one additional day for Calabria, Sicilia, Sardegna and smaller island.
WORLDWIDEShipping Time 2-3 business daysAustria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United KingdomShipping cost €19
Andorra, Liechtenstein, Norway, SwitzerlandShipping cost €24USAShipping cost €61
Rest of the worldAmount in the cart
Tax & Dutie are to be considered: DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)
RETURN: - You can return the product by sending it with a courier or in any post office. Return costs are charged to the customer.- When shipped using the courier provided by Mascheroni. The return shipment in Italy costs 12€. All Over the world the return will have the same cost of the shipping if booked by Mascheroni. This cost will be deducted from the reimbursement amount.
You have 14 days from receipt of order to request a repaclement or a return of a product. You can send us a request through the form module contact us after receiving our confirmation you can return the product.
You will find more information in the section Replacement and return.
* For shipments of bulky goods (ex. blankets, trunks, trolleys, saddle boxes), additional costs visible in the cart may be charged before the order is closed.
I have read and agreed the privacy policy


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White House defends U.S. drone strikes
White House spokesman Jay Carney found himself Tuesday defending the administration's drone attack policy at length.
"This president takes his responsibilities very seriously," Carney told reporters. "And first and foremost that's his responsibility to protect the United States and American citizens."
Carney answered repeated questions as a Justice Department memo surfaced showing more lenient rules than previously known for drone strikes against U.S. citizens working with alleged terrorists abroad.
Obama "takes his responsibility in conducting the war against al-Qaeda as authorized by Congress in a way that is fully consistent with our Constitution and all the applicable laws," Carney said.
Noting that the government has acknowledged its use of "remotely piloted aircraft to conduct targeted strikes against specific al-Qaeda terrorists," Carney said the reasons for those attacks are "in order to prevent attacks on the United States and to save American lives. We conduct those strikes because they are necessary to mitigate ongoing actual threats to stop plots, prevent future attacks, and again save American lives."
Carney added: "These strikes are legal. They are ethical and they are wise. The U.S. government takes great care in deciding to pursue an al-Qaeda terrorist to insure precision and to avoid loss of innocent life."
The leak of the memo comes ahead of Thursday's Senate confirmation hearing for John Brennan, the president's nominee for CIA director. As Obama's top counterterrorism adviser, Brennan has helped manage the drone program.
From the Associated Press:
"The government does not need evidence that a specific attack is imminent, the newly disclosed Justice Department white paper says, only that the targeted suspect is involved in ongoing plotting against the United States.
"'The threat posed by al-Qaeda and its associated forces demands a broader concept of imminence in judging when a person continually planning terror attacks presents an imminent threat,' the document says. ...
"Controversy over U.S. policy for drone attacks mushroomed after a September 2011 drone strike in Yemen killed Anwar al-Awlaki and Samir Khan, both U.S. citizens."


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BracketRacket: Steve Kerr, Superman and Wheatlanta
Welcome back to BracketRacket, the one-stop shopping place for all your NCAA needs.
In this pre-Final Four edition, we've got Steve Kerr reminiscing and breaking down the national semifinals, Superman as a super fan, the missing power schools, the Big East's two-step and early odds to win the 2014 NCAA tournament.
There's also some bracket bits that include Ron Baker's `do and Wheatlanta T-shirts.
Steve Kerr was a member of what may be the most cherished team in Arizona history, the 1988 Wildcats that reached the Final Four.
It's been 25 years since that magical run, but the memory of the way it ended still sticks with him.
Arizona's best perimeter shooter, he went 2 for 12 from the field and scored six points in the Wildcats' 86-78 loss to Oklahoma.
"That was very painful - we lost and I had a lousy game," Kerr said. "It was my worst game of the season. You see the teams that lose the championship and see the tears, you understand the disappointment."
Kerr's one trip as a player didn't go so well, but he still gets excited about the NCAA tournament as he prepares for his third straight Final Four as an analyst for Turner/CBS.
"I love it," Kerr said. "It's such an incredible event and to be part of it in the broadcasting booth is amazing. I think about all the broadcasters who were never lucky enough to do a Final Four and the fact I'm able to do this three years in a row is pretty amazing."
So what does Kerr think about the matchups in this year's Final Four?
Start with Wichita State and Louisville. Do the Shockers have a shot?
"You always have to take care of the ball and I think they're going to have to adjust to the speed of the game quickly," Kerr said. "Where Louisville beats you, it's not just forcing turnovers, it's getting into your legs, they wear you down. And when you look like you've got an open shot and they're flying at you, they make you rush a little bit. You deal with all that pressure until your body wears down and you miss shots you would probably normally make, so they're going to have to adapt to speed and strength of the game itself."
Now Michigan and Syracuse.
"Michigan has small guards, but they're very capable; they have four NBA players on their roster," he said. "They're really well-coached and rarely turn the ball over. Syracuse is playing at a really high level, so I think that's a great matchup."
Actor Dean Cain grew up playing sports, earning multiple scholarship offers out of high school and a free agent contract with the Buffalo Bills before injuring his knee.
So when it comes to the NCAA tournament, it's no surprise the man who's best known for playing Superman is a super fan.
"I'll go into a pool with anyone, literally. Anything I can do," Cain told AP Entertainment Producer Nicole Evatt. "I wanted to go to Vegas with my buddies. I couldn't go, they went. ... (looking into the camera) I'm not going to forgive you guys. They all went and had a great time."
As for Cain's picks, he's from Michigan and is pulling for the Wolverines, but he lost out on getting two Final Four teams when Louisville beat Duke.
He's also a big fan of the little guys.
"I love watching the underdogs," Cain said. "I love watching teams match up that have never matched up before."
This year's Final Four has some familiar teams in it with former national champions Louisville, Michigan and Syracuse all getting through to Atlanta.
There will be something missing, too.
For the first time since 1985, the Final Four will be missing the six teams with the most national championships: UCLA, Kentucky, Indiana, North Carolina, Duke and Kansas.
The six power schools, which have combined for 36 national championships, have been regulars in the national semifinals, with three of the teams making it in the same year three times and two schools getting in eight other times in the past 28 years, including Kentucky and Kansas last season.
The 1985 Final Four - the last without the six power schools - included Villanova, Georgetown, Memphis State and St. John's.
The Big East was considered one of the toughest conferences in college basketball and came through with two teams in the Final Four: Louisville and Syracuse.
It marks the first time in four years that a conference has gotten two teams through to the Final Four. The Big East, which will be dramatically altered after realignment next season, had two in the national semifinals in 2009, too, when Connecticut and Villanova made it.
In all, it's happened 22 times since 1976, though it doesn't always increase the odds of the conference winning a championship.
Conferences that have gotten two teams into the Final Four have produced the champion 10 times, most recently Florida in 2006, when LSU also made it.
The 2013 NCAA tournament isn't over yet, but there are already odds on next year's bracket.
And the favorite probably won't come as a surprise after John Calipari pulled together another top-rated recruiting class: Kentucky.
According to The Greek Sports Book, Coach Cal and the Wildcats, despite missing this year's tournament, are 3-1 favorites to cut down the nets at Cowboys Stadium in North Texas next year.
Next in line is Duke at 5-1, Florida and North Carolina at 8-1, then Louisville and Memphis at 12-1.
Among the other 2013 Final Four teams, Syracuse is 15-1, while Michigan and Wichita State are 30-1.
Louisville's range of emotions after Kevin Ware broke his leg, in photos: https://bit.ly/103nZ0T
Andrew Wiggins has nothing to do with this year's NCAA tournament, but he could next year for whatever school he picks. See what we mean with this spectacular dunk: https://bit.ly/12cl8CS
Check out Wichita State guard Ron Baker's `do from his university photo. Has an 80s perm vibe to it, though we're pretty sure those curls are natural: https://bit.ly/17b9zj7
This graph of our March Madness watching habits isn't exactly scientific, but seems pretty close to us: https://bit.ly/XGqw2w
Get your Wheatlanta T-shirts here! https://bit.ly/YtxSWB
This from our friends at STATS:
The national semifinals have historically been much kinder to Michigan teams than Louisville teams.
The Cardinals are just 2-7 all-time with a berth in the title game at stake, worst among all schools that have reached the Final Four at least six times.
Michigan, on the other hand, is 5-1 in national semifinals, the best record among the 33 schools that have appeared in that round at least three times.
"Cinderella found one glasses skipper. We won four games. I don't think she found four glass slippers. Cinderella usually wins a game or two, much like Butler a couple seasons ago. When you get to this point, you're good enough to win it all." - Wichita State coach Gregg Marshall on being a Cinderella team.
Follow John Marshall on Twitter at https://twitter.com/johnmarshallap


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A basic question to ask. Sometimes Home Insurance can be part of a car insurance policy in Greece, so to answer that question is rather like asking how long is a piece of string? Then there is holiday home insurance and to cover full time occupancy of a home. In general, Home insurance policies aim to protect the building and the belongings/contents of our houses against many perils (e.g. fire, flooding, smoke, theft, burglary, explosion, etc.) For an additional cost, home policies can cover damage due to an earthquake. But specific rules and conditions apply.
Greek Insurers need to know the following information necessary to calculate a Home Insurance quote. Please include it in your online quotation request it helps us help you:
Be Prepared! When you have chosen the house/earthquake/home contents quote that suits your needs and you are ready to proceed with insurance coverage - the insurer will require of you the following information:
Please be specific and give the required details to help Stavros focus on getting you the correct information. All fields in the form are required.
{ BreezingForms : EarthquakeInsurance }
- Information on How to Make Payment for Greek Insurance Policies
- Common Sense Advice on Buying Cheapest Insurance Policies in Greece
For Another Quotation -
Brits in Crete is pleased to recommend its insurance associate in Greece, the Stavros Sideris Insurance Agency. Stavros who heads the firm offers a wide range of policies suitable for the foreign community all over Greece. Brits in Crete recommends Stavros, as a reliable and trusted partner who has many types of insurance policies to offer. Stavros, a fluent English speaker knows UK and the United States personally very well.
Stavros's agency network of local offices covers the whole of Crete. Stavros can help you personally. He has back up support locally across Crete (from Chania/Hania to Lasithi) and across Greece proper. All the associates are also English speakers, who know the needs of Ex-Pats. Stavros in the initial instance will contact you personally once you have completed the online contact form.
Stavros Sideris CV Credentials
Stavros Sideris has had US, UK and Greek actuarial experience. Stavros graduated from the Ohio State University in 1992, with a degree in Actuarial Sciences and Finance. After completion of his military duties in the Hellenic Navy in 1994, Stavros commenced his career in the Actuarial Department of Interamerican Hellenic Life Insurance Co. moving on to Hewitt-Bacon and Woodrow in London in senior roles associated with UK government contracts. Stavros moved to Boston, MA in 2001 to join Mercer Human Resource Consulting in Boston, providing Actuarial Services for Corporate Group Pension Schemes. In March of 2004, Stavros moved to join his family insurance agency in Heraklio, Crete, Greece.


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Old Cthulhu's On The Rise is a October Zuda comic created by Daniel Tollin. Here is the synopsis: Sam and Matt are hiking along the English coast when they loose their way and strange sounds start to call out in the night. Something predatory is following them! That's when they stumble upon Howard, a farmer who warns them of being in the marsh at night and brings them to the town of Old Innsmouth. Old Innsmouth seems at first just a sleepy old town but as Matt's and Sam's stay is prolonged due to bad weather they slowly realize that something is not quite right. The townsfolk are overly fond of late night swims in the freezing Atlantic Ocean, and they seem to have more in common with fish or frogs than mammals. However, Everything is not all bad; Beth, the beautiful girl who works in the local pub, has charmed Matt. And though they appear strange, the villagers are friendly. But one night shortly after their arrival, Sam sees something hideous out in the marshes. Something is devouring a poor girl. Scared out of his mind, he races back to the town and tries to convince the villagers that there's a monster lurking in the marshes.
This comic started off with a American Werewolf in London tribute as two American backpackers walk down a English road. The balloon font could be bigger, but colors really suit the comic. By screen two you feel Sam's pain at being dumped, and see a quaint Lovecraftian Elder gods star symbol left on a marker. I'm not a big H.P. fan, but I know that symbol is bad news, the two guys just see it as a joke. One of them also makes a Night of the Living Dead reference "They're coming to get you, Barbara!' as a joke. Some good art in the characterizations on these guys faces, it helps a reader 'hear' their words in the right tone. Then they're scared by a odd sound behind them, and this is the impetuous to click to screen 3. With all the reference dropping it certainly brings to mind films like Scream, with the characters aware of all the horror cliches. So much possible foreshadowing is also like having a flash-light shined in your eyes. 2 screens are spent on the two leads running away from the scary sound before they encounter the mysterious stranger. On screen 5 we see the messed up looking human/creature named Howard giving the expected warning about how dangerous it is at nighttime. Unlike with Scream, Old Cthulhu's On The Rise doesn't pull off letting the characters and audience in on the joke. In only 8 screens of a Zuda submissions you don't have that much time to grab readers with a interesting twist, while making genre references and doing the first leg of a Scoby Doo style chase. You have a couple of screens in this comic that seem like they were just in there to set up lines, or try to build suspense. In only 8 screens you don't need to give the ending away, but you do need to move things along. If we had actually seen some of the other towns people I would have been more impressed with the pace.
Old Innsmouth is the name of the locale, and a pretty good tie-in with Lovecraft's Innsmouth. The rain throughout this story is a pretty good effect. The wide-open eyes really accentuate the characters fear (Sam and Max), or frogieness (Howard) as the case may be. The art was creepy as hell, and helped the story a great deal. Screen 7 uses see through word balloons to indicate whispering. It just looked weird (not in a cool way) to me, and took me out of the story. Screen 7 has Howard giving Sam, Max, and the readers the low down on Elder signs and Ancient Ones. The second panel on screen 7 had a nice effect keeping the two leads in silhouette as Howard continued on giving them his speech. It made me wish, for once, characters would turn around and go the other way when confronted with a creepy old man leading them to a creepy old town. Screen 8 is a little shot of the town, and a close-up on Howard having some green tentacles coming out of his mouth. It's the typical cliff hanger ending they're just about to go into the town... I figured from the synopsis/first screen the comic would probably end just before the characters get into Old Innsmouth, and I was right. A story that much 'in the mold' isn't going to stand out on Zuda fighting it out with 9 other contestants. I enjoyed the art, but a number of screens seemed wasted on characterization that was accomplished by screen 2. It was too much of a expected cliff hanger, it would have been nicer to see more of the town/its people. If Beth was important enough to mention in the synopsis, it would have been nice to see her in the 8 screens. I hope to see Daniel Tollin back in the contest being more daring in his story's structure.


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Automated cell cultivation on a well-plate
Research output: Book/Report › Doctoral thesis › Monograph
|Original language
|Place of Publication
|Tampere University of Technology
|Number of pages
|ISBN (Electronic)
|ISBN (Print)
|Publication status
|Published - 7 Dec 2007
|Publication type
|G4 Doctoral dissertation (monograph)
Publication series
|Tampere University of Technology. Publication
|Tampere University of Technology
This thesis proposes a novel original system for cell cultivation of adherent cells. The system addresses the standardization demands posed by the future trends to move to difficult-to-culture cells, offers repeatable high-content screening testing, and ensures the compatibility of data for future data mining for systems biology purposes. The proposed system is based on a standardized platform the well plate, which allows for validation (for instance using fluorescence) with current systems and reduces market resistance towards novel platforms. The proposed system is analyzed firstly in the functional level and then in the component level. The key component is a functional lid that addresses each of the wells with individual stream of medium inflow and outflow. This enables individual environmental control in each of the wells. Due to predictable disturbances and experiment-specific demands, the system cannot ensure the environmental conditions in an open-loop. Therefore, a set of sensors has to be incorporated. There have been research efforts for sensor implementation directly into the wells. However, such a solution does not satisfy the standard well-plate requirement and more importantly, obstructs the observation area for microscopy/fluorescence studies. The author proposes a soft-sensing approach, where the sensors are placed into the microchannel network and thus, the well-plate remains fully untouched by the system. The main functions of the proposed system are heating, oxygenation and perfusion. Typical heating approaches include the hot air used by incubators or heating plates used during microscopy. Also here, the proposed system is inspired by nature, using the growth medium as the heat transport medium, which is a parallel to the blood circulation system. The oxygenation utilizes the superb permeability of poly(dimethylsiloxane), which is suggested as a suitable material for the functional lid. Two proposals of perfusion system approaches are suggested. The assessment of the proposed system brings up several challenging areas, which can be regarded as minor risks to the successful realization of the proposed cell cultivation system. They are solvable through optimization and re-design. However, there are also some major risks, which could lead to failure of the whole idea. These major risks include the suitability of the material, the heating demand versus the shear stress on cells and the temperature homogeneity within a well. The thesis focuses on these major risks and assesses them using literature surveys and wet-lab experiments. A test bench based on a standardized 12-well plate equipped with 9 temperature sensors in a single well was developed for testing purposes. It has been shown that in a 12-well plate system, the working volume has to be at least 1,5 ml per well in order to ensure homogeneity of the temperature distribution on the bottom of the well and to even out possible sudden temperature changes. From the hardware point of view, a dripping input (as opposed to an immersed input) has more predictable behavior and improves the temperature distribution and therefore, is the preferred choice for the proposed system. The shear stress at the cell level (10 μm from the bottom of the well) has been estimated using a finite-element method. As expected, the maximum shear stress occurs at the vicinity of the inlet. The shear stress decreases with increasing input diameter and with decreasing input flow-rate. Positioning of the input and output closer to the center of the well increases the shear stress. Therefore, input and output should be positioned at the edges of the well and for flow-rates above 0,4 ml/min, the input diameter should be larger than 400 μm, resulting in an average linear velocity of 0,05 m/s. A temperature soft-sensor has been developed based on a linear model. The linear model is well suited for the temperature measurements and can perform well even with one measurement down stream as long as there are no major disturbances. The suitability to other measurements, such as pH or O2, can not be directly suggested. The methodology used for the development of the temperature soft-sensor can, however, be used for the development of other soft-sensors. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as the material of choice is assessed in terms of its processability as well as physical and chemical properties from the cell cultivation point of view. The critical chemical properties are further studied in wet-lab experiments. An experiment with fluorescent dye proves that native PDMS exhibits non-specific binding. The PDMS exhibited a negative weight change after immersion in the culturing medium. However, the high-performance liquid chromatography-size exclusion chromatography (HPLC-SEC) study has shown no foreign or missing components in the growth medium at given wavelengths. Given that the medium will be continuously supplied, the empty surface sites will be shortly saturated and further adsorption can take place only with compounds of stronger affinity to the surface. Despite these findings, the negative properties of PDMS are outweighed by its advantageous properties for cell cultivation. These include biocompatibility, non-toxicity, optical transparency, non-fluorescence, easy sterilization, and gas permeability. As a summary, the results of the performed analyses and experiments ensure the feasibility of the proposed system.
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Two very different projects, in communities half a mile apart, together offer a single lesson.
In Bedford-Stuyvesant, a neighborhood with a housing shortage and one of the highest HIV infection rates in the country, a proposed supportive housing project for people living with HIV and AIDS barely survived a lawsuit filed by residents from the surrounding area. Developed by Pratt Area Community Council, a local community-based organization, in part with public monies (including State tax credits), the Gibbs Mansion at 218 Gates Avenue is considered by some to be a model of quality, affordable housing. Two thirds of the units are designated for formerly homeless and HIV-infected people. These residents are seamlessly integrated into a dignified and comfortable living environment with the other one-third of the residents whose only occupancy requirement is income-based.
Half a mile away, on the corner of Clermont and Park, under the shadows of the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, neighbors were at first excited to see what they thought to be the development of condos. Then they noticed beds being moved in under the cloak of night. After all was said and done, a private developer had, in spite of existing code violations, successfully established a somewhat dubious hotel that was being subsidized by the New York State Department of Homeless Services for up to $95 a day per unit.
These two state-supported projects differ in many obvious ways, and in one way not so obvious but very signficant: People in the surrounding neighborhood learned of the Gates Avenue project before it broke ground. In the case of Clermont and Park, people learned of the developer's project after it was too late to do anything about it.
All around the city there are neighborhood skirmishes and feelings of deep resentment flaring up between community residents and those who seek to develop facilities that address social needs. And in the New York State legislature there is an attempt underway to meet the public's growing demand that neighborhood residents and public officials be given ample opportunity to weigh in on whether these facilities that claim to serve the public interest can set up in their collective back yards, particularly when public funds are used.
The Community Notification and Empowerment Act would require community notification and review of proposed state financed facilities in New York City. Senate Bill S71 and Assembly Bill 4795 propose that the local community board, borough president, state and city elected officials have the opportunity to submit their written recommendations, along with those of the New York City Planning Commission, to the lead state agency,
The bill, sponsored by State Senator Serphin R. Maltese and Assemblyman Scott Stringer, makes the argument that state funded facilities should undergo a review process similar to the City Charter Fair Share process, and that currently state funded projects are not required to undergo the same rigorous review as city projects. City residents, the legislation claims, are often uninformed and powerless with regard to the siting of state financed facilities, since there are no provisions requiring community notification and review of state financed facilities.
As fair minded as this may sound, this legislation has placed ordinarily populist-minded allies at odds with one another. Senator Velmanette Montgomery, a highly respected leader in Central Brooklyn whose voting record is consistent for the most part with Scott Stringer, for instance, strongly opposes this legislation. Her position is also shared by two highly prominent and influential not-for-profit policy forces, the Coalition for the Homeless and the Federation of Protestant Welfare Agencies.
Senator Montgomery's beef with this bill is that it could embolden misguided strains of the NIMBY (Not In My Backyard) movement, which in New York City at least has come to refer to a growing chorus of community board leaders, parochial-minded activists and others who assert power mainly by stopping neighborhood projects they feel threaten them or their property values. This can include anything from the dumping of toxic waste, a commercial chain that threatens a family business, or a facility for the mentally ill that represents, for some, a nest of undesirables. In Montgomery's opinion, worthy projects that function as a safety net in her district would be constantly thwarted and discouraged under this bill. In an incident that suggests her rather principled stance on this legislation may put some of her own political capital at risk, Montgomery's relationship with the powerful chair of Community Board #3, Sherronie Perry, was severely strained as a result of Montgomery's support of the 218 Gates Avenue project.
Assemblyman Stringer, who maintains that he and his senate colleague want the same thing -- a responsible and practical way for neighborhood people to decide what kind of social service infrastructure their neighborhood can support -- says "This is about fair share and the public's right to know two terms which have become legitimate rallying cries for social justice advocates." Stringer plays down the impact this bill will have and even asserts it is weak in the sense that it does not have the power to stop projects from being assigned to neighborhood sites. It is the lack of notification, he says, which prompts people to object to the building of certain facilities. Stringer believes that once the public knows what is being proposed, this will foster cooperation between facilities and neighborhoods. The best way, Stinger advises, to support worthwhile neighborhood-based projects is by educating people in the surrounding neighborhood.
Others are not buying it. Shelly Nortz, the Deputy Director for Policy for the Coalition for the Homeless, an advocate for the kind of supported homeless housing that is typically attacked by NIMBY forces, accuses this legislation as being disingenuous and wolf in sheep's clothing, warning that it is meant to turn the community development process into knots. Nortz says this legislation stands in the way of developing solutions to homelessness and poverty and recounts countless moments when supportive housing facilities have been doomed because community boards have been misinformed about the nature and details of the project.
One of the more popular tools that community boards use to flex their power, for example, is ULURP (Uniform Land Use Review Process), which grants community boards authority in zoning changes and the disposition of city property. Sometimes the opposition to proposed projects can be reasonable and more than justified. But community boards, which are made up of mostly grassroot political appointees, some of whom have obviously too much time on their hands, often take their gate-keeping positions a little too seriously. Some community boards have reputations for being arbitrary, tyrannical and sometimes just plain self defeating, such as in the case of one board representing a predominately poor area that opposed the placing of a fruit and vegetable garden in a neighborhood park.
These issues cut to the heart of the distribution of power within neighborhood settings and test the claims of democratic action. They also force us to confront our values as a civilized society.
Shouldn't there always be a place for our elderly, our mentally ill, ex offenders, or anyone else who lives at the margins of our culture? At the same time, are facilities that ghettoize and stigmatize members of our community always solutions to poverty? And who can deny the claims of air share advocates who rightfully question why low-income and of-color neighborhoods routinely get dumped on and are expected to shoulder a higher social burden? Neighborhoods like the Upper West Side, the area that Scott Stringer represents, or say, Bay Ridge, don't have to contend with racist or class-based policy making. These areas also flex the kind of political and economic power and have the kind of resources that virtually pre-empts them from having to confront whether a facility housing recovering addicts, for instance, is welcomed in their area.
But Shelly Nortz rejects the idea that this bill even calls these kinds of questions, mainly because, according to the Coalition's Memorandum in Opposition, the bill applies to any entity that receives more than $80,000 annually in state compensation or those that receive more than half their operating revenue from the state. In her opinion, this bill does not operate on a level playing field because it singles out organizations that receive often small amounts of state funding. Organizations that do not rely on state funding are not subject to this notification process. We can not call it an issue of democracy or fairness until we start from a place where the same rules are applied to everyone.
One would even have a hard time claiming that democracy is exercised by community boards, whose members are not elected by the neighborhood constituencies they claim to represent. As one community advocate I talked to said, "This bill, by referring to community notification and empowerment uses the language that many activists speak and support, and few would argue against, but it makes assumptions about what constitutes community notification and fair share. These terms mean different things to different people."
Nonetheless, the momentum that NIMBY thinking has gained throughout the city may be reflected in this legislation. Unlike the past couple of years, when this bill has passed in the Assembly with an almost unwritten understanding that it would be defeated in the Senate, it recently passed the Senate finance committee. It still has a long way to go -- votes on both floors of the legislature and, if it gets past there, a trip before the governor -- but pass or fail, right or wrong, this bill frames and serves as a flashpoint for what will certainly be an on-going debate in New York.
Mark Winston Griffith, a writer whose work has appeared in the New York Times, Essence and Spin, is also founder of the non-profit Central Brooklyn Partnership, which organizes people to build economic power.