text: Plants, Genetically Modified: PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Plant Proteins: Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.Plant Roots: The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Genes, Plant: The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.Plant Extracts: Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.Plant Shoots: New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.Plants, Medicinal: Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.DNA, Plant: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.Plant Development: Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.Plants, Toxic: Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.Plant Cells: Basic functional unit of plants.Plant Stems: Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Genome, Plant: The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.Arabidopsis: A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.Plants, Edible: An organism of the vegetable kingdom suitable by nature for use as a food, especially by human beings. Not all parts of any given plant are edible but all parts of edible plants have been known to figure as raw or cooked food: leaves, roots, tubers, stems, seeds, buds, fruits, and flowers. The most commonly edible parts of plants are FRUIT, usually sweet, fleshy, and succulent. Most edible plants are commonly cultivated for their nutritional value and are referred to as VEGETABLES.Plant Structures: The parts of plants, including SEEDS.Plant Growth Regulators: Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.Arabidopsis Proteins: Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.Plant Immunity: The inherent or induced capacity of plants to withstand or ward off biological attack by pathogens.Tobacco: A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.Plant Epidermis: A thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Plant Stomata: Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.Angiosperms: Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.Seeds: The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.Plant Poisoning: Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.Plant Transpiration: The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Lycopersicon esculentum: A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.Flowers: The reproductive organs of plants.Plant Tumors: A localized proliferation of plant tissue forming a swelling or outgrowth, commonly with a characteristic shape and unlike any organ of the normal plant. Plant tumors or galls usually form in response to the action of a pathogen or a pest. (Holliday, P., A Dictionary of Plant Pathology, 1989, p330)Chromosomes, Plant: Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.Plant Components, Aerial: The above-ground plant without the roots.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Plant Preparations: Material prepared from plants.Zea mays: A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.Seedling: Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.Herbivory: The act of feeding on plants by animals.Power Plants: Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.Biomass: Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.Fabaceae: The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.Plant Nectar: Sugar-rich liquid produced in plant glands called nectaries. It is either produced in flowers or other plant structures, providing a source of attraction for pollinating insects and animals, as well as being a nutrient source to animal mutualists which provide protection of plants against herbivores.Oxylipins: Eighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID via an oxidative pathway analogous to the EICOSANOIDS in animals. Biosynthesis is inhibited by SALICYLATES. A key member, jasmonic acid of PLANTS, plays a similar role to ARACHIDONIC ACID in animals.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Plant Bark: The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.Symbiosis: The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.Photosynthesis: The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)Plant Physiological Processes: Physiological functions characteristic of plants.Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.Indoleacetic Acids: Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)Solanum tuberosum: A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.Soil: The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.Medicine, Traditional: Systems of medicine based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. The concept includes mystical and magical rituals (SPIRITUAL THERAPIES); PHYTOTHERAPY; and other treatments which may not be explained by modern medicine.Plant Exudates: Substances released by PLANTS such as PLANT GUMS and PLANT RESINS.Ecosystem: A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Salicylic Acid: A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.Root Nodules, Plant: Knobbed structures formed from and attached to plant roots, especially of LEGUMES, which result from symbiotic infection by nitrogen fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. Root nodules are structures related to MYCORRHIZAE formed by symbiotic associations with fungi.Plant Lectins: Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.Germ Cells, Plant: The reproductive cells of plants.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Mycorrhizae: Symbiotic combination (dual organism) of the MYCELIUM of FUNGI with the roots of plants (PLANT ROOTS). The roots of almost all higher plants exhibit this mutually beneficial relationship, whereby the fungus supplies water and mineral salts to the plant, and the plant supplies CARBOHYDRATES to the fungus. There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.Phytotherapy: Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.Poaceae: A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.Chloroplasts: Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.Plant Infertility: The failure of PLANTS to complete fertilization and obtain seed (SEEDS) as a result of defective POLLEN or ovules, or other aberrations. (Dict. of Plant Genet. and Mol. Biol., 1998)Pollen: The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.Brassica: A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).Germination: The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Asteraceae: A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of "daisy" refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Plant Oils: Oils derived from plants or plant products.Sequence Alignment: The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.Droughts: Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.Botany: The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.Fungi: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.Peas: A variable annual leguminous vine (Pisum sativum) that is cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds, the seed of the pea, and the immature pods with their included seeds. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1973)Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants.Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.Hordeum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The EDIBLE GRAIN, barley, is widely used as food.Pseudomonas syringae: A species of gram-negative, fluorescent, phytopathogenic bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It is differentiated into approximately 50 pathovars with different plant pathogenicities and host specificities.Bryopsida: A class of plants within the Bryophyta comprising the mosses, which are found in both damp (including freshwater) and drier situations. Mosses possess erect or prostrate leafless stems, which give rise to leafless stalks bearing capsules. Spores formed in the capsules are released and grow to produce new plants. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990). Many small plants bearing the name moss are in fact not mosses. The "moss" found on the north side of trees is actually a green alga (CHLOROPHYTA). Irish moss is really a red alga (RHODOPHYTA). Beard lichen (beard moss), Iceland moss, oak moss, and reindeer moss are actually LICHENS. Spanish moss is a common name for both LICHENS and an air plant (TILLANDSIA usneoides) of the pineapple family. Club moss is an evergreen herb of the family LYCOPODIACEAE.Light: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.Disease Resistance: The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.Protoplasts: The protoplasm and plasma membrane of plant, fungal, bacterial or archaeon cells without the CELL WALL.Evolution, Molecular: The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.Meristem: A group of plant cells that are capable of dividing infinitely and whose main function is the production of new growth at the growing tip of a root or stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Soybeans: An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.Agrobacterium tumefaciens: A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and the stems, leafs, and roots of plants. Some biotypes are pathogenic and cause the formation of PLANT TUMORS in a wide variety of higher plants. The species is a major research tool in biotechnology.Plastids: Self-replicating cytoplasmic organelles of plant and algal cells that contain pigments and may synthesize and accumulate various substances. PLASTID GENOMES are used in phylogenetic studies.Aphids: A family (Aphididae) of small insects, in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, that suck the juices of plants. Important genera include Schizaphis and Myzus. The latter is known to carry more than 100 virus diseases between plants.Rhizobium: A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.Trees: Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.Transformation, Genetic: Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.Volatile Organic Compounds: Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.Cucumis sativus: A creeping annual plant species of the CUCURBITACEAE family. It has a rough succulent, trailing stem and hairy leaves with three to five pointed lobes.Cytokinins: Plant hormones that promote the separation of daughter cells after mitotic division of a parent cell. Frequently they are purine derivatives.Hydroponics: A technique for growing plants in culture solutions rather than in soil. The roots are immersed in an aerated solution containing the correct proportions of essential mineral salts. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Mustard Plant: Any of several BRASSICA species that are commonly called mustard. Brassica alba is white mustard, B. juncea is brown or Chinese mustard, and B. nigra is black, brown, or red mustard. The plant is grown both for mustard seed from which oil is extracted or used as SPICES, and for its greens used as VEGETABLES or ANIMAL FEED. There is no relationship to MUSTARD COMPOUNDS.Stress, Physiological: The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.Hemiptera: A large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is comprised of four suborders: HETEROPTERA, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Endophytes: An endosymbiont that is either a bacterium or fungus living part of its life in a plant. Endophytes can benefit host plants by preventing pathogenic organisms from colonizing them.Biodiversity: The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.Solanaceae: A plant family of the order Solanales, subclass Asteridae. Among the most important are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.Adaptation, Physiological: The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Multigene Family: A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Bryophyta: A division of the plant kingdom. Bryophyta contains the subdivision, Musci, which contains the classes: Andreaeopsida, BRYOPSIDA, and SPHAGNOPSIDA.Ferns: Seedless nonflowering plants of the class Filicinae. They reproduce by spores that appear as dots on the underside of feathery fronds. In earlier classifications the Pteridophyta included the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and various fossil groups. In more recent classifications, pteridophytes and spermatophytes (seed-bearing plants) are classified in the Subkingdom Tracheobionta (also known as Tracheophyta).Plant Dispersal: The physical distribution of plants in various forms and stages of development through time and space.Ascomycota: A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.DNA, Complementary: Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.Xylem: Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.Gibberellins: A class of plant growth hormone isolated from cultures of Gibberella fujikuroi, a fungus causing Bakanae disease in rice. There are many different members of the family as well as mixtures of multiple members; all are diterpenoid acids based on the gibberellane skeleton.Medicago sativa: A plant species of the family FABACEAE widely cultivated for ANIMAL FEED.Gymnosperms: Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).Nuclear Power Plants: Facilities that convert NUCLEAR ENERGY into electrical energy.Fruit: The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.Cell Wall: The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.Plantago: A plant genus of the family Plantaginaceae. The small plants usually have a dense tuft of basal leaves and long, leafless stalks bearing a terminal spike of small flowers. The seeds, known as PSYLLIUM, swell in water and are used as laxatives. The leaves have been used medicinally.Medicine, African Traditional: A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the African peoples. It includes treatment by medicinal plants and other materia medica as well as by the ministrations of diviners, medicine men, witch doctors, and sorcerers.Asparagus Plant: A plant genus in the family LILIACEAE (sometimes placed in Asparagaceae) that contains ECDYSTEROIDS and is an ingredient of Siotone. The shoots are used as a vegetable and the roots are used in FOLK MEDICINE.Cotyledon: A part of the embryo in a seed plant. The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifying plants. In seeds without an endosperm, they store food which is used in germination. In some plants, they emerge above the soil surface and become the first photosynthetic leaves. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Lamiaceae: The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).Ethnopharmacology: The study of the actions and properties of medicinal agents, often derived from PLANTS, indigenous to populations or ETHNIC GROUPS.Soil Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Genetic Complementation Test: A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.Cucurbita: A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, which includes pumpkin, gourd and squash.Helianthus: A genus herbs of the Asteraceae family. The SEEDS yield oil and are used as food and animal feed; the roots of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) are edible.Hypocotyl: The region of the stem beneath the stalks of the seed leaves (cotyledons) and directly above the young root of the embryo plant. It grows rapidly in seedlings showing epigeal germination and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface. In this region (the transition zone) the arrangement of vascular bundles in the root changes to that of the stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Agrobacterium: A genus of gram negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, plants, and marine mud.Phaseolus: A plant genus in the family FABACEAE which is the source of edible beans and the lectin PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS.Caulimovirus: A genus of PLANT VIRUSES, in the family CAULIMOVIRIDAE, that are transmitted by APHIDS in a semipersistent manner. Aphid-borne transmission of some caulimoviruses requires certain virus-coded proteins termed transmission factors.Brassica napus: A plant species of the family BRASSICACEAE best known for the edible roots.Medicago truncatula: A plant species of the family FABACEAE used to study GENETICS because it is DIPLOID, self fertile, has a small genome, and short generation time.Host-Parasite Interactions: The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.Host-Pathogen Interactions: The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.Carbon: A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.Botrytis: A mitosporic Leotiales fungal genus of plant pathogens. It has teleomorphs in the genus Botryotina.Embryophyta: Higher plants that live primarily in terrestrial habitats, although some are secondarily aquatic. Most obtain their energy from PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They comprise the vascular and non-vascular plants.GlucuronidaseLettuce: Any of the various plants of the genus Lactuca, especially L. sativa, cultivated for its edible leaves. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Oomycetes: Eukaryotes in the group STRAMENOPILES, formerly considered FUNGI, whose exact taxonomic level is unsettled. Many consider Oomycetes (Oomycota) a phylum in the kingdom Stramenopila, or alternatively, as Pseudofungi in the phylum Heterokonta of the kingdom Chromista. They are morphologically similar to fungi but have no close phylogenetic relationship to them. Oomycetes are found in both fresh and salt water as well as in terrestrial environments. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, pp683-4). They produce flagellated, actively motile spores (zoospores) that are pathogenic to many crop plants and FISHES.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Sitosterols: A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized.Acclimatization: Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.Daucus carota: A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is widely cultivated for the edible yellow-orange root. The plant has finely divided leaves and flat clusters of small white flowers.Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Euphorbiaceae: The spurge family of flowering plants, in the order Euphorbiales, contains some 7,500 species in 275 genera. The family consists of annual and perennial herbs and woody shrubs or trees.Agriculture: The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.Introduced Species: Non-native organisms brought into a region, habitat, or ECOSYSTEM by human activity.Reproduction: The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.Genetic Variation: Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.Photoreceptors, Plant: Plant proteins that mediate LIGHT SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They are involved in PHOTOTROPISM and other light adaption responses during plant growth and development . They include the phototropins, phytochromes (PHYTOCHROME), and members of the ubiquitous cryptochrome family.Thymus Plant: A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE best known for the thyme spice added to foods.Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.Anthocyanins: A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They are glycosylated versions of cyanidin, pelargonidin or delphinidin. The conjugated bonds result in blue, red, and purple colors in flowers of plants.Sorghum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The grain is used for FOOD and for ANIMAL FEED. This should not be confused with KAFFIR LIME or with KEFIR milk product.Herbicides: Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.Carbohydrate Metabolism: Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Conserved Sequence: A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.Araceae: A plant family of the order Arales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocot). Many members contain OXALIC ACID and calcium oxalate (OXALATES).Nitrogen Fixation: The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.Fragaria: A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase: A carboxy-lyase that plays a key role in photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE by catalyzing the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate and CARBON DIOXIDE. It can also utilize OXYGEN as a substrate to catalyze the synthesis of 2-phosphoglycolate and 3-phosphoglycerate in a process referred to as photorespiration.Glucosinolates: Substituted thioglucosides. They are found in rapeseed (Brassica campestris) products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans.Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Beetles: INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.Gametogenesis, Plant: The process of germ cell development in plants, from the primordial PLANT GERM CELLS to the mature haploid PLANT GAMETES.Mutagenesis, Insertional: Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.Resins, Plant: Flammable, amorphous, vegetable products of secretion or disintegration, usually formed in special cavities of plants. They are generally insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, ether, or volatile oils. They are fusible and have a conchoidal fracture. They are the oxidation or polymerization products of the terpenes, and are mixtures of aromatic acids and esters. Most are soft and sticky, but harden after exposure to cold. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)Basidiomycota: A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.Salinity: Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.Darkness: The absence of light.Gene Silencing: Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.Sodium Chloride: A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Bacteria: One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Vicia faba: A plant species of the genus VICIA, family FABACEAE. The edible beans are well known but they cause FAVISM in some individuals with GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY. This plant contains vicine, convicine, Vicia lectins, unknown seed protein, AAP2 transport protein, and Vicia faba DNA-binding protein 1.Mesophyll Cells: Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.Environment: The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.Phytochrome: A blue-green biliprotein widely distributed in the plant kingdom.Selaginellaceae: A plant family of the order Selaginellales, class Lycopodiopsida, division Lycopodiophyta, subkingdom Tracheobionta. Members contain bilobetin. The rarely used common name of resurrection plant is mainly used with CRATEROSTIGMA.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Liliaceae: A monocot family within the order Liliales. This family is divided by some botanists into other families such as Convallariaceae, Hyacinthaceae and Amaryllidaceae. Amaryllidaceae, which have inferior ovaries, includes CRINUM; GALANTHUS; LYCORIS; and NARCISSUS and are known for AMARYLLIDACEAE ALKALOIDS.Fertilizers: Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.Salt-Tolerance: The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to high concentrations of salt in their growth environment.Expressed Sequence Tags: Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.Recombinant Fusion Proteins: Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.Genetic Engineering: Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.Citrus: A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. They bear the familiar citrus fruits including oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes. There are many hybrids which makes the nomenclature confusing.Inflorescence: A cluster of FLOWERS (as opposed to a solitary flower) arranged on a main stem of a plant.


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Steam now allows you to set custom images for all items in your library, including non-Steam games. Here are a few images I have made for myself derived from official artworks and images found on Google Image Search. If you are the copyright holder or original artist and wish me to remove an image, please contact me.
These PlayStation images are the latest updates to the full list of Steam custom images.
The first item in the list is a PNG template that I'm using for all my PlayStation games.

subset: commoncrawl


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- Design Description: 3D Skull Colts
- Material Description: 100% Polyester Fiber (Polyester)
Product Performance: Very Soft, Breathable, Water-Repellent, Washable, The Elasticity Of The Buckle Can Be Adjusted, And Its Length Can Be Changed At Will According To The Contour Of The Face To Prevent Leaving Marks On The Face After Taking Off. Protects Your Mouth And Face From Dust, Cold, Dust, Pollen, Allergies, Fog And Haze, Exhaust Emissions, Passive Smoking, And More
- Applicable People: Unisex
- Scenario: Suitable For Cycling, Camping, Running, Traveling, Climbing And Daily Use. (Non-Medical Masks)
- Accessory Structure: Equipped With Two Activated Carbon Filters With Replaceable Protection 5 Layers, M-Shaped Nose Clip
- Washing Instructions: It Is Recommended To Wash By Hand, Do Not Bleach.
- Width: 17.5cm
- Height: 13cm
- Width: 20cm
- Height: 15cm


text: QualitySmith Request Your Free Roofing Estimates Let's get started! Tell us about your roofing project. Type of roofing material? Asphalt Shingle Natural Slate Wood Shake or Composite Tile Flat, Foam, or Single Ply Metal Enter your Zip: * Close [x] We Found FREE ROOFING Estimates in Your Area At These Top-Rated Sites! Click GO to learn more or in a few seconds we will redirect you to the best option. No thanks, request estimates by email or phone « Back Are you the homeowner? Yes No Install/replace or repair unit? * Install/Replace Repair What is your roof pitch? Pitched Flat What is the square footage of the main floor? Less than 1500 sq. ft. Greater than 1500 sq. ft. First Name * Last Name * Street Address * Zip: 99506 Phone * Email *


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Gun Monkeys now awards free keys to lonely players
Multiplayer-only title Gun Monkeys will give you a free Steam key if it notices you can't find anyone to play with.
The key generator, which has been in beta for a few weeks, generates free keys for anybody who can't get a game going through matchmaking in under a few minutes; these can then be handed out to your friends, hopefully resolving the issue.
"It's a unique solution to a frustrating situation. Despite universally positive reviews, Gun Monkeys just hasn't sold enough to keep servers perpetually-buzzing with players. It's infuriating, but the important thing to do now is to make sure the people who have bought the game can enjoy it as intended," Size Five Games' Dan Marshall said in a statement published on the developer's website.
"The most frequent comment in my inbox at the moment is 'this game is amazing, why aren't more people playing it?' Well, hopefully this move will bring in new interested players too, since they'll always be able to play friends when servers are quiet."
The key generator is a limited-time feature and it won't hand out an infinite amount to individual players.
Marshall has said that Gun Monkeys was a "ballache" to sell, because it has no single-player mode.
Gun Monkeys is available on Steam for Mac and PC, costs $6, and comes with a second key on purchase.
Thanks, Polygon.


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The only problem with all of this was that my parent's didn't let me cook or bake until I was 18 ish. By the time I reached that age, I went off to college near by and ate fast food and frozen meals when I was hungry for lunch on campus. And then for dinner, my mom would cook. Cooking was never sometime I did. I watched my mom cook though. I loved watching, because I wanted to learn.
I started dating my husband, then boyfriend, at age 21. He rented an apartment close to campus, and that's where I started cooking. That year, I graduated and we moved in together to a different apartment close to my engineering job, and that's when I started baking. He got me a KitchenAid mixer during Black friday that year, and all my baking adventures begun.
And cream puffs were one of the first desserts I made. Fast forward 5 years, and now I bake and do everything desserts. EVERYTHING. From fancy puff pastries and croissants to macarons and cake decorating. I'm always learning new tricks, but every time I make cream puffs, I remember the days where I had zero baking and decorating skills. =]
This weekend, my husband has to go to work on Sunday. He currently works at Yahoo, mostly programming to keep the Sports webpage up and running. And this weekend, there will be major traffic for Fantasy Sports. So I decided to make his co-workers some treats for their busy day!
Enough with the stories. Here is the recipe! Every time I make this, my friends and family can't get enough. And it's quite easy!!
Ingredients:Pastry Cream:
2 cups of milk
1/2 cup + 2 Tbs sugar
5 egg yolks
1/4 cup cornstarch
2 tps vanilla extract
pinch of salt
1/2 cup heavy whipping cream
1/2 cup butter
1 cup water
1/4 tps salt
1 cup all-purpose flour
4 eggs
Chocolate Glaze:
1/4 cup butter
2 Tbs milk
1/2 Tbs corn syrup
1 tps vanilla extract
2 oz chocolate chips, semi sweet
1 cup powdered sugar, sifted
Directions:1. Preheat the oven to 425 degrees F.
2. Make the pastry cream first. Start with scalding the milk in a sauce pan, do not let it boil.
3. While the milk is heating up, whisk together the sugar, egg yolks, and cornstarch in a medium bowl. Set aside.
4. After the milk is scalding, slowly dribble it into the egg mixture while whisking constantly. Then return all the liquid back in the sauce pan.
5. Over medium-high heat, bring the mixture to a boil while whisking constantly. It should take a minute or two. The mixture should thicken up a lot.
6. Remove from heat, and add vanilla extract and salt. Adjust to taste. Let cool completely. We will mix in the whipped heavy cream after it cools.
7. To make the dough, boil the water and butter. Then stir in the flour and salt. The dough should come together.
8. Transfer the dough to your stand mixer bowl, and with the paddle attachment on low, add one egg at a time. Mix until all eggs are combined into the dough. It will be sticky.
9. Transfer the dough to a piping bag, and pipe blobs/rounds onto parchment paper lined baking sheets. Or you can spoon the mixture on to the baking sheet if you don't have a piping bag.
10. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes.
11. Poke a hole on the side of each cream puff after baking to release out the air to prevent the inside from being too soggy. Cool on baking rack.
13. Now time to make the chocolate glaze. This step is optional. Cream puffs aren't traditionally glazed, but my husband likes them glazed. Start by combining the milk, butter, corn syrup and vanilla in a very small sauce pan over medium heat.
14. After the butter melts, add the chocolate. Whisk to combine evenly. After the chocolate melts, turn off the heat. Add the powdered sugar. Whisk to combine. Now you may begin dipping. If the chocolate thickens, return to the stove and heat for 1 minute.
The above picture is the tray of chocolate dipped cream puffs I made for the co-workers. =]


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Manchester's From the Kites Of San Quentin have been bubbling just below the surface of the UK dance scene for the last few years. The trio, best known for their memorable name, vibrant live act and noteworthy (if somewhat spasmodic) release schedule, have mixed downbeat digitalism and haunting lyricism to high praise in the past.
Their last release, 2011's EP Mitochondria took in an eclectic spectrum of influences. High on quality, but low on content, it stood as a fine showcase for their glitchy soundscapes, but with only three original tracks, lacked substance. Padded out by a handful of remixes, it felt like an a tasty morsel, that didn't go far enough to satisfy.
Their latest EP, the awkwardly titled 7.83Hz:Earth Chorus, takes its name from the frequency of Earth's largest natural electromagnetic resonance. A pulse said to reverberate within the human brain in the fleeting chasm between sleep and waking life. Heady ideas and conceptual meanderings aside, this is certainly the feeling that TKOSQ are striving towards. One which peers through the portentous static and modulated rhythms of their digital fug.
'Vimana' opens the EP, clattering for your attention with gurgles and bleeps that crackle around Alison Carney's beautiful and obtuse voice. "Don't forget this beat is my heart" she pleads over waves of burbling electronica and shuddering drumlines, her falsetto piercing the sonic gloom, like a precise and blinding light. Unflinching as it surveys the darkness, while jagged melodies and dirty loops scuttle from sight.
Elsewhere, 'Fable Dark' draws you in with a mesmeric dubstep beat, its low wub-wub reverberating to fit Carney's ethereal vocals. Her voice weaving though the rise and fall of looping guitars and crashing cymbals, as the track eventually steers itself into a frenetic finale of drum n' bass. What follows is possibly their most conventional track, 'The Witch House'. Spectral hip hop beats, twitch and scratch over a driving bassline, only to shift gears midway through, as shimmering synths jostle for air in the eerie half-light.
Sadly, where the EP does fall short, much like its predecessor, is in its brevity. Whilst it doesn't skimp on original material, it is essentially four tracks, bolstered by two short segues ('III' and 'V'). Both heave admirably with ambient drone, but barely scrape the one minute mark, turning something which would be a rest-stop on a longer work, into a wasted opportunity on an already short release.
Perhaps if they'd struck a stronger balance between not wanting to overstay their welcome and short-changing the listener, they might have had more space to develop beyond their greyscale roots, as is apparent on closer and EP highlight 'Diamones'. This slow burn, built around whispers, clicks, claps and squelches, subtly draws your attention, whilst deconstructing itself from within. Only to rise in an exultant crescendo of deep-house synths that stab through pulsating drum machines. A move which finally transports TKOSQ's sound to the dancefloor, throwing off the grit of their monochrome urbanism for a few moments, in favour of throwing their hands up in the air.
There are certainly enough moments of intensity to satisfy on 7.83Hz: Earth Chorus. However, with one foot in the shadows and an eye to the heavens, you can't help but ponder what riches a broader canvas might have afforded From The Kites Of San Quentin.
6Tom Fenwick's Score


text:
CLD-DS111 Rev 0F Product family data sheet cree® Xlamp® XhP50 leds Product descriPtion
SC5 TechnologyTM Platform, features
the Binned at 85 °C PCB layout 3000 mA (6 V), 1500 mA (12 V) 1.2 °C/W Wide viewing angle: 120° Unlimited floor life at 30 єC/85% RH J-STD-020C
® table of contents
Characteristics .2 Flux Characteristics, easyWhite® Order Codes and Bins .3 Flux Characteristics, ANSI White Order Codes and Bins .6 Relative Spectral Power Distribution .9 Relative Flux vs. Junction Temperature .9 electrical Characteristics .10 Relative Flux vs. Current .11 Relative Chromaticity vs Current.12 Relative Chromaticity vs Temperature .13 Typical Spatial Distribution .13 Thermal Design .14 Performance Groups Luminous Flux .15 Performance Groups Chromaticity 15 Cree's Standard White Chromaticity Regions Plotted on the CIe 1931 Curve .18 Cree's Standard Cool White Kits Plotted on ANSI Standard Chromaticity Regions .21 Cree's Standard Warm and Neutral White Kits Plotted on ANSI Standard Chromaticity Regions .22 Bin and Order-Code Format .23 Powered by Cree's groundbreaking Available in white XLamp XHP50 LeD is a member of Configurable to 6 V or 12 V by Cree's extreme High Power (XHP) class and reliability to radically reduce At its maximum current, the XHP50 LeD delivers twice the light output of the industry's brightest single-die LeD, the XLamp XM-L2 LeD, with increasing The the package LeD than also footprint. of LEDs that redefines lumen density Maximum drive current: system costs by up to 40 percent. Low thermal resistance: similar lumens per watt and without Reflow solderable - JEDEC XHP50 achieves UL recognized component (e349212) LeD longer lifetime at higher operating temperatures previous technology. The result is significantly lower thermal, mechanical and optical costs at the system level. WWW.CRee.COM/XLAMP Reflow Soldering Characteristics .24 Notes .25 Mechanical Dimensions.26 Electrical Configuration .27 Tape and Reel .27 Packaging .28
Copyright © 2014-2015 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Copyright © 2010 Cree, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Cree®, the Cree logo, XLamp® and easyWhite® are registered trademarks and SC5 TechnologyTM is a trademark of Cree, Inc. Cree, the Cree logo and XLamp are registered trademarks of Cree, Inc. UL® and the UR logo are registered trademarks of UL LLC. Cree, Inc. 4600 Silicon Drive Durham, NC 27703 USA Tel: +1.919.313.5300 www.cree.com/xlamp xlamp ® xHp50 leds characteristics


text:
Fishing for Deep Dot Pearls
In many popular Japanese films, enduring elements of Japanese/US relations, endemic attitudes of superiority and equality among races, and volatile notions of convention and propriety are pitted against emergent, maverick, fun-loving difference.
Say, see that pudgy guy over there? You recognize the type, right? Right away. He emits that je n'est ce quoi 'scent' of familiarity and immediate comfort. Everybody's pal. The guy, like a duck: all troubles slither of his back like so much water justlikethat off the proverbial feathers. He walks into a bar, a town, sets foot on a dock or steps into a taxi cab and is allatonce befriended by one and all. He is quick with a joke (and a light-up-your smoke?), this guy. He is a great listener, and has a knack for solving everyone's problems without even breaking a sweat.
Who is this guy? In your culture, wherever you may be, I haven't a clue. But in Japan, where I am writing this, his name is Hamasaki Densuke, a middle-aged, mid-level salaried worker who is affectionately known as "Hama-chan". "Chan" being the diminutive for "what a little cutie" or "our little one. This Hama guy has been the corporeal centerpiece of a series of movies that began in 1988 and now number 16 installments. Collectively they are called Tsuri Baka Nisshi, which basically translates as "Fishing Crazy Nisshi". The "Nisshi" in this case being the Nishida Toshiyuki, the actor who plays everybody's favorite, friendly fishing fiend.
Encountering Hama-chan means running flush into a Japanese icon: a character who communicates values, ideas and ways of situating oneself out in the larger ReDot world. On the surface, as I am about to explain, he embodies ideas and ways of acting that go way against type in everyday ReDot reality. But, underneath, he transmits ideas and ways of acting that do everything to preserve the status quo of the ReDot. In this complex, contradictory duality, Hama-chan stands as a robust and important cultural player. He serves to explain ReDot selves and ReDot lives to all of us ReDot-dwelling, ReDot-regarding folk. In this respect, Hama-chan (and other movie and music and television and Internet figures like him) are the reason why (ReDot)pop matters, why culture makes any dent in our thinking, why all of pop's many creations generate any whit of meaningful pomp and thunder and banner and banter wherever we may be.
Okay, so who is this guy really? Aside from being married to a lovely, saint of a woman, with whom he has produced the obligatory sole male heir, Hama-chan is the guy who publicly ribs his button-down, by-the-book, section chief, by announcing to all the co-workers of the section "our head man over there? He got his wife pregnant before they were engaged. That is why he had to marry her." True or not, the boss is left speechless, as his staff of younger males and females titter and inquire of their chief whether this is so.
This is also the same irreverent Hama-chan who walks into a boardroom in a Hawaiian shirt and Bermuda shorts as his immediate superiors are deliberating his dismissal for stowing away on an American naval vessel and he blurts: "Right, I know that I am to be punished, so let's say two weeks suspension with pay and leave the rest up to you in terms of who should do my work while I am away." And then he turns about-face and strides out of the room.
Ah, if Japanese corporate reality was only truly like that.
The other thing you have to know – the running gag you can decipher within 25 frames – is that Hama-chan can get away with all this against-the-book insolence because his biggest boss , the company president, is himself, a fishing fanatic. Unlike Hama-chan, though, he lacks the skill for locating the scaly critters and, thus, often requires Hama-chan's angling expertise. This role reversal is crucial to the unfolding of nearly every story: when it comes to fishing -- which matters most to these corporate-sized kids -- the underling is the teacher, the company president, the student. I am not sure that this makes for grand irony (or even riveting farce), but it does provide the kind of democratic upheaval that the average Japanese movie viewer secretly yearns for, given the generally unrequited portions of their insufferable work-a-day lives.
In the installment that I consumed on my trans-Pacific flight, Tsuribaka Nisshi 16, Hama-chan is assigned to assist his company in the dedicating a bridge they have constructed. He jumps at the chance, of course, because the fishing near the bridge, in Hiroshima, is excellent. The running gag, which even the initiate immediately comprehends without even knowing who the characters are or what their history of relations have been (because it is pitched at the lowest-common-denominator level of "duhness"), is that while Hama-chan is out trolling for sea bass, his equally fishing-crazy boss is saddled with official ceremonial duties which will keep him from joining Hama-chan out on the ocean. If this circumstance doesn't seem funny, well, that probably is because it isn't. What makes people chuckle is that this is a running gag, from movies prior the boss is ever tied to his job, while the carefree Hama-chan finds 93 different ways to shirk his responsibilities and attend to his passions (while miraculously retaining his job, often through the graces of his ever-vexed boss).
Of course, this joke is pitched at a deeper order of meaning, as this kind of "me-first", hobbyist mentality is not what a certain generation of movie-goer was raised to believe that their ReDot stood for. The social compact on this archipelago at least since the post-war era began has been to serve a company first, in the interregnum, and to the end, above all else. No fishing included.
My how times have changed. During the course of this series, the "me-ism" has been transformed from a chuckle by virtue of impossibility into a nod of recognition based on emergent birthright. And there we have the modern ReDot incarnate.
There were a couple of other things that stood out in the movie that I viewed. Things that tell us about how Japan has always been and also, paradoxically, how it has changing. Or, if you prefer, you might simply file these elements under the "something old, something new" moniker.
The something new can be dispatched rather quickly since, come to think of it, there is very little that is new about it. After all, it really emanates from the same general belly-ache that gives vent to Hama-chan's constant roar (which is, by now, decades old). It is the idea that here in the ReDot democratization has truly taken hold. There are no classes, no real distinctions parsing people. If the son of a company owner wishes to wed the fetching daughter of a lowly guitar-strumming, country and western-warbling bar owner, then so be it. And anyone wishing to argue otherwise will have Hamachan (and hell) to pay. Whichever burns worst.
The denouement of this melodramatic trifle is all too predictable. Big surprise: embittered father, certain the world has dumped on him due to his pathetic occupational and domestic lot in life, refuses to offer his blessing to a marriage that would enable his daughter to level up out of her, hard-scrabble lower-class condition; in fact, he goes so far as deck the handsome, well-off lad who has been presumptuous enough to ask for the bar-keep's daughter's hand. More surprise: the bar-keep relents and even attends the wedding after a severe tongue lashing from Hama-chan. Well, of course, there was that minor matter of the kidnapping, assisted by some rough-and-ready US G.I.s.
Now that you know how "something new" translates into a cinematic fantasy of contemporary classlessness, I am sure you will agree that we can skip directly to the "something old" portion of this exegesis. That would be racism, which has existed about as long as has the cultural myth that Japanese are an homogenous people, whose first emperor, Jimmu, descended from Amaterasu, the ruler of the Plain of High Heaven and source of all light and life as our world knows it. Thanks to this mythology, a chain of unbroken succession of rulers, all emanating from God, has qualified the Japanese as a superior, if not anointed, people. As one can imagine, the notion that one belongs to a single family, presided over by an undisturbed line of emperors (along with at least one empress) since B.C. 660, can have that supercilious effect on a people.
How this point of view translates, though, is often into a kind of blindness concerning the rest of the world. "Who dey?" and "Why should we even trouble over what they think and do?" being two of the more common queries. And this predilection (rolling off another's tongue, "myopia" perhaps?) has only been buttressed and further entrenched by the insularity bred by isolation on a remote archipelago for the better part of two thousand, five hundred years. All of which contributes to acts that, once performed, produce an external conflagration, met by a stupefied localized "Who, me?" reaction. As in: "Why would anyone think that our characterization of that person of African descent is prejudicial?" After all, what is so negative about showing a room full of Rastafarians smoking ganja and hanging out with a monkey, dressed . . . exactly like them? See that every day, right?
Oh, did I mention: this was in an ad for wet towels. Which perfectly accounts for the Rastafarians, the monkey, and the weed, don't you agree?
No? Well, that is exactly what the large number of foreigners living in Japan who happened to view that ad said. And when they complained, the company selling the product emitted a fast succession of "Whous?"es and "What'sdabigdeal?s and "Howcouldyathinkso?"s in the form of an official press release that read, in part: "We are aiming at creating ads which customers will sympathize with . . . But we take what you have pointed out as a valuable opinion. We will consider this when we create ads from now on." Blah blah, excuses so on, and who-would-believe so forth.
In other words: "Help, get us out of here before we trip over our feet any better."
Of course, we all know that "grandest" means "most" and, thus, that there can only be one of those ("most" being a measure of exclusivity and superiority). And, thus is it that, when the tigers all happen to encounter one another, a ferocious dispute transpires. "Who is the grandest" becomes a philosophical dispute that is quickly transmogrified into "Who is strongest or most tenacious" or, simply, the last one standing. And in chasing one another around a tree, tail of one locked in the mouth of another, the tigers move with such rapidity as to convert one another into a pile of butter. Sounds plausible, huh? But what the hay, it's a kid's story, so one supposes anything is possible.
At this point, Little Black Sambo's father, whose name is, you guessed it, Black Jumbo, happens to be passing with a large brass pot (convenient, that) which he fills with the pool of tiger-cum-butter and delivers it to his awaiting wife, Black Mumbo, who is more than happy to use it in cooking up 251 pancakes, 169 of which the famished Little Black Sambo scarfs justlikethat.
Cut to the present.
Over the years, Little Black Sambo has caused no small amount of furor for its depictions of people of color, to its gender roles, to its treatment of animals. But controversy has never really cut into its popularity, and certainly not in Japan. In 1988 over one million copies were sold before the book was yanked from the shelves amidst claims of racism. Then, in June 2005, when it was re-issued by another publisher, the 16-page volume quickly moved 95,000 units in two short months, shooting to the top of adult fiction lists at five major Tokyo booksellers. Even today, the LBS character now an embodied plastic figurine adorns cell phone straps and is available for purchase on-line. At the height of the critical chorus -- which was extensive, but primarily of Western issue -- the psychologist Mori Kazuo was quoted as saying: "The Japanese people can be racist when it comes to Koreans living here. But racist against blacks? We have no experience in dealing with black people. Where would we get it from?"
Um. Well, sure . . . some of my best friends are . . . right Herr Doktor? Why not place those words under a microscope and subject them to a little closer scrutiny, then your answer might miraculously materialize! Which is another way of saying: "hoist by your own petard." N'est pas?
In any case, now maybe one can better appreciate the nature of the problem the timbre of this tune the contours of this muddle-headed cloud of insensitivity. It is not that Japanese hate people of color it is more like they haven't a clue how to regard them. That accounts for why they tend to place their feet in their mouths whenever the matter of ethnicity or race arises. They spend so little time interacting with "others" that they rarely really regard them at all. And, when they are asked (or compelled) to consider those who are non-Japanese, the only thing ReDotPoppers seem to be able to muster are simplistic ordering devices -- like lines on a color bar. Thus is it that ethnicities tend to get prioritized into various strata, then from there, caricaturized.
At least this is the conclusion Michael Prieler has come to in his study of Japanese advertising. Having systematically collected and coded over three thousand television ads, Prieler has uncovered, among other things, the existence of a hierarchy of the various peoples of the world. There are the Japanese, Caucasians, then Asians, those of African descent, and finally (though almost entirely invisible) other ethnicities, such as South Asians and Pacific Islanders. This is an invariant pattern.
And beyond the ranking of attention, there is the one of competence. While research I published on Japanese advertising some years ago revealed a tendency to portray Caucasians in overly sexualized and occasionally demeaning ways, that is nothing compared to actors of African descent. For the latter, apparently only two categories apply: athletes and musicians. There are no black bankers, no black physicians or dentists, no black chefs, no black teachers. And, true to form, this absence among the skilled professionals goes with nary a recognition by Japanese television viewers. Just more life as they know and live it. Which is to say bleached over black, brown, tan or red.
Bobby's enduring charm lies (well, at least, until his trouble with the law, which took him out of commission so perhaps we should say "lay") in his multiple malapropisms. Whether intentional or not, his continual mangling of the Japanese language in the style of Manzai artists whose puns are often based on the substitution of similar-sounding non-sense words or else non-sequiturs in place of the correct word hit the hilarity nerve among ReDotPopsters.
Among Bobby's common gaffes is the confusion of "pervert" (hentai) and "genius" (tensai) and "enema" (kancho) with "nervousness" (kincho). All in good fun, one supposes, except when that fun is directed beyond the speaker, toward the class of people he or she ostensibly represents. For, in the role of signifier, Bobby cannot be said to cast a very noble silhouette on people of African extraction. Beyond the tone of voice he adopts when speaking Japanese (which makes him sound like a slow four-year-old on sedatives), there are the constant bugged eyes, and his seemingly awed wonder about nearly every facet of the ReDot world of his encounter. It is not Bobby who comes across as bumpkin the easy inference is that all people of color may be that way.
Such symbolism was not lost in Tsuribaka Nisshi 16, where Bobby plays a minor, but featured role. There, the running gag he buys into is that whenever he enters a scene, he is depicted running from a toilet, exclaiming with apparent pride for all within earshot to hear: "I just took a dump!" Now how funny is that? And what kind of positive image does that send about folks from Africa? Although, actually, in this installment, Bobby's character is a member of the United States navy, which . . . may make it all right? Viewed thus, one naturally wonders about latent Japanese feelings toward their former colonizers. But, of course, such hostility is not new news. There is, after all, the matter of Okinawa and America's continual, oppressive occupation, simmering just under the surface of everyday Japanese political reality.
Thinking about it this way, this installment of Tsuribaka Nisshi does not only have something old and something new it manages to inscribe both in the same element: here, the hulking African-American military man who is companionable enough, but (not surprisingly at all) uncouth, as all ReDotPoppers appreciate Americans are wont to be. And in the denouement, too, there is more of this recombinant signification at work. For when Hama-chan inadvertently stows away on Bobby's frigate, the fallout from his conservative Japanese company is the perception that he has nearly precipitated an international incident yet from Hama-chan's laid-back, happy-go-lucky, what-the-hey perspective it is closer to: "come one, guys. Loosen up! What can all the fuss be about? After all, I got a tan, was able to do a spot of fishing, and even made some new American buddies."
In this way Tsuribaka Nisshi 16, as much as any other ReDot production, provides a gander into the internal contradictions embedded in Japanese society. Enduring elements of closeness and distance between Japan and the US, endemic attitudes of superiority and equality among races, and volatile notions of convention and propriety pitted against emergent, maverick, fun-loving difference.
Which goes to show: don't dismiss ReDotfluff so quickly. You go fishing, you might even pull some pearls of profound social analysis out of the ReDotdepths.


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I got the chance to visit the new Forever 21 store in Megamall on Wednesday. A lot of stuff caught my attention. The prints may be too bold for me but there are some that are "tamed" :) What saddens me though is that only a few items would look good on me. And those that I was eyeing did not get the husband's approval. Plus some sizes are limited. Makes me wonder if I really should manage my weight, go back to the gym, or probably use a fat burner. I know, I know. I've said this a million times and look what I have done so far? Nothing. LOL!
I should take losing weight seriously so I can fit nicely in dresses and blouses!


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Long before thousands of aspiring writers around the globe took to the Internet to create blogs about everything from Britney Spears to politicians, many hardworking types expressed their creativity in magazines and newspapers. As dire predictions about the demise of the publishing industry in general continue to circulate, I'd like to honor some of the lesser-known periodicals that have fallen by the wayside. So today, I'm kicking off a new, semi-regular feature here at Broken Hearted Toy.
I've had this issue of the punk rock 'zine earotica in my collection for several years, but I have no idea about its history. Published in the summer of 1982, this might have been the first edition, judging from an introduction by editor Ed Weaver, and a column by his co-editor, G. S. Johnson.
The bulk of the magazine is devoted to a piece by Johnson (with photos by Sherry Scalise) about one of Chicago's best punk bands, Bohemia. After a few paragraphs about the group's records and live performances, Johnson settles in for a Q&A with lead vocalist Carla Evonne, bassist Zirbel, saxophone player/guitarist Fast Frank, guitarist/vocalist Lee D'Buddah, and drummer Mark Wallner. They praise a new generation of Chicago acts like The Effigies, Strike Under, and Naked Raygun, but lament the city's overly sedate club scene, the lack of support from radio stations, and the need for a local music publication that could wield international influence ala the Village Voice or L.A. Free Press.
The 20-page earotica has a bare-bones, black and white layout, with a handful of ads on the inside of the front and back covers. Its presentation may not be awe-inspiring, but it evokes an exciting period in Chicago's history when cutting-edge bands were emerging and low-budget, hip publications were springing up to cover them.


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Harold Amos, Ph.D.
Colleagues, former students, and friends were saddened by the death of Harold Amos, 26 February 2003, from stroke complications. He was 84 and the Maude and Lillian Presley Professor Emeritus of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at the Harvard Medical School Division of Medical Sciences. There he chaired the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics from 1968 until 1971, and again from 1975 until 1978, and was the first African American to chair a department at the medical school. He is remembered by many as an innovative scientist, a dedicated teacher, a mentor to generations of students and scientists, and a steadfast supporter who campaigned tirelessly on behalf of minority biomedical scientists.
Amos was born in Pennsauken, N.J., and graduated from Springfield College in Springfield, Mass., in 1941. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps in Europe. After completing military service, he earned an M.A. from Harvard and, in 1952, earned a Ph.D. from the Harvard Medical School Division of Medical Sciences. From 1951-1952, he was a Fulbright Scholar at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and joined Harvard's Medical School Faculty, in 1954, as an instructor in the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology. Amos also served as chairman of the Division of Medical Sciences from 1971 until 1975, and from 1978 until 1988.
In 1951, Amos joined ASM. His major research interest was the regulation of glucose transport in chick embryo cells and he conducted research with animal and bacterial viruses and in the area of bacterial metabolism. He was also interested in cancer research and was appointed in 1971 by President Nixon to the National Cancer Advisory Board. He served on the President's Cancer Panel and held various leadership positions within the American Cancer Society.
Even after retirement in 1988, Amos continued to promote the advancement of minorities in biomedical careers and, in particular, in academic medicine. Accordingly, he was highly sought as a speaker and a consultant.
John Mekalanos, current chair of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics said in the March 6, 2003 issue of the Harvard Gazette, "Dr. Amos has been an inspiration, mentor, and career counselor for young scientists and physicians-in-training for decades. He has been the consummate teacher: available, approachable, knowledgeable, and wise. Members of the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics are forever grateful that Harold Amos has been our adviser, colleague, teacher, and friend."
Amos helped establish the Hinton-Wright Society in 1983, an organization at Harvard that supports and encourages minority students to pursue biomedical careers; and was a primary resource for information that led to the development of ASM's William A. Hinton Training Award. His mentor at Harvard was J. Howard Mueller, former department chair of bacteriology and immunology and the mentor of Jane Hinton, daughter of William Hinton and codiscoverer of Mueller-Hinton agar.
For his "tremendous success in encouraging and facilitating the entry and advancement of underrepresented minorities into careers in medicine and biomedical research," Amos received the National Academy of Science's highest honor, the Public Welfare Medal in 1995. In 1999, the Harold Amos-Genevieve McMillan Scholarship Fund was established to encourage African Americans to pursue medical careers; and in 2001, a Harold Amos endowed graduate student fellowship was established by his friends and former students.
Among his many other honors, Amos was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a member of the Institute of Medicine, a trustee of the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation and a recipient of Howard University's Dr. Charles R. Drew World Medical Prize. He received the Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Centennial Medal in 2000 and an honorary doctor of science degree from Harvard University in 1996. Amos' legacy of service to advancing biomedical science and scientists serves as a model for all.


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When: Friday night
Where: Queen Elizabeth Theatre
VANCOUVER -- Seven years have passed between the release of Bonnie Raitt's new album Slipstream and her last, Souls Alike, which came out back in 2005.
Many things happened in between, not all of them rosy for the 62-year-old blues singer-songwriter and slide guitar legend.
The passing of friends and family members, including her brother, her mother and father, Broadway singer John Raitt, forced the icon to put down her bottlenecks for a few years in order to bounce back.
The time away from the studio and the stage has done wonders for Raitt, who looked positively radiant on the Queen Elizabeth Theatre stage in Vancouver Friday night.
Check out photos from the show.
Sporting her singature fiery, white-streaked mane, Raitt opened the evening with heartfelt words.
"Vancouver it's been too long!" Raitt exclaimed before saluting opener John Lee Sanders, calling him one of her heroes.
Sanders, sporting a stylish suit and hat and backed by a solid four-piece band, had just finished warming up the crowd with his New Orleans-flavoured heartbroken blues.
The Louisiana-bred, Kelowna-based award-winning keyboardist who recently won a battle against stage four throat cancer was obviously quite honoured to set the stage for Raitt.
Sanders shook the house with numbers like the groovy Lost In the Shuffle, where he rocked the keys as well as the saxophone, much to the delight of the crowd.
Raitt was in heck of a great mood, barely able to contain her excitement to be back on the planks as she wrapped her set opener Used To Rule the World.
"I'm probably going to have this grin on my face during the ballads too," she said. "I missed you guys!"
The crowd didn't hesitate to give her some love back.
With her backing band -- Mike Finnigan on keyboards, James Hutchinson on bass, Ricky Fataar on drums, and George Marinelli on guitar -- Raitt quickly got lovey-dovey with her trusty "Brownie" Fender Strat, a guitar she has played at every gig since 1969 and that she fed through two small but punchy BadCat amps.
Her warm tones, both on vocals and on strings, echoed through the room, which she praised for its acoustics, bathing her audience in a gauzy glow.
Marinelli and Raitt traded guitar licks on Gerry Rafferty's reggaefied Right Down the Line, Marinelli going for the crunch while Raitt let her bottleneck skills speak effortlessly.
Songs from Slipstream, an album Raitt produced herself with the help of Joe Henry and which she released on her own label Redwing Records, made up a good portion of the first half of the concert, though she handed out hit song Something To Talk About fairly early. It may have been a bit too early, the audience unsure if it should get on its feet as it heard the tune's signature opening slide part.
Raitt casually switched gears, grabbing her acoustic to deliver a stellar rendition of Bob Dylan's Million Miles, Finnigan shining on keys, Marinelli delivering a disarming solo in the middle.
She followed with the Loudon Wainwright III and Joe Henry-penned ballad You Can't Fail Me Now.
"It doesn't get much better than these two," she said.
She spent time between songs casually telling stories, talking about touring with Mavis Staples earlier this year and going on Austin City Limits and doing her own makeup, which didn't turn out exactly as she had hoped.
Raitt is 62? When she kicked into a rollicking Love Sneakin' Up On You, simply nailing that slide guitar solo, she certainly didn't seem anywhere near her sixties.
When someone asked about the stuffed monkey doll sitting atop Marinelli's monitor, Raitt casually explained how a fan had left it in their dressing room a long time ago.
"That's Babu," she said. "George took it to his bunk after the show and no one wants to ever touch it again."
And so the evening went on, relaxed, casual and filled with killer tunes: Come To Me, from 1991's chart-buster Luck of the Draw, Marriage Made In Hollywood, co-penned by Raitt's former husband Michael O'Keefe and Paul Brady, the heartbreaking Not Cause I Wanted To, which Raitt dedicated to songwriters Al Anderson and Bonnie Bishop, and John Prine's Angel From Montgomery, which drew a long standing ovation.
"Without these songwriters I wouldn't be where I am right now," she said.
She brought them all to life with such vivid passion that one could argue these songs wouldn't be where they are without Raitt.
Finnigan got his chance to shine singing I Got News For You while rocking his Hammond organ, and the whole band took it home in style with a powerhouse I Feel So Damn Good (I'll Be Glad When I Get the Blues).
Raitt just nailed her Vancouver comeback, and she made it look and sound all too easy.
In the end, she even brought out Colin James, fresh from the airport (James just returned from a string of festival gigs out East) for the final encore, "winging it" as if it was the most natural thing on I Thank You.
Yes, thank you indeed, Bonnie.
Blog: vancouversun.com/awesomesound


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Get all the major supplies needed to make this project with the Tool, Paper Tex & Motif Stencil Bundle or you can order them separately.
Laura's Tip: This is such an easy tool for an elegant distressed look. Cut the Tex Paper with the Cool Tool and then add color behind it with papers. After trimming the paper to size, ink the edges.
Thank YouBy Laura Nicholas