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Over the last several months there has been significant chatter around what is background database maintenance and why is it important for Exchange 2010 databases. Hopefully this article will answer these questions.
The following tasks need to be routinely performed against Exchange databases:
The primary purpose of database compaction is to free up unused space within the database file (however, it should be noted that this does not return that unused space to the file system). The intention is to free up pages in the database by compacting records onto the fewest number of pages possible, thus reducing the amount of I/O necessary. The ESE database engine does this by taking the database metadata, which is the information within the database that describes tables in the database, and for each table, visiting each page in the table, and attempting to move records onto logically ordered pages.
Maintaining a lean database file footprint is important for several reasons, including the following:
Prior to Exchange 2010, database compaction operations were performed during the online maintenance window. This process produced random IO as it walked the database and re-ordered records across pages. This process was literally too good in previous versions – by freeing up database pages and re-ordering the records, the pages were always in a random order. Coupled with the store schema architecture, this meant that any request to pull a set of data (like downloading items within a folder) always resulted in random IO.
In Exchange 2010, database compaction was redesigned such that contiguity is preferred over space compaction. In addition, database compaction was moved out of the online maintenance window and is now a background process that runs continuously.
Database defragmentation is new to Exchange 2010 and is also referred to as OLD v2 and B+ tree defragmentation. Its function is to compact as well as defragment (make sequential) database tables that have been marked/hinted as sequential. Database defragmentation is important to maintain efficient utilization of disk resources over time (make the IO more sequential as opposed to random) as well as to maintain the compactness of tables marked as sequential.
You can think of the database defragmentation process as a monitor that watches other database page operations to determine if there is work to do. It monitors all tables for free pages, and if a table gets to a threshold where a significant high percentage of the total B+ Tree page count is free, it gives the free pages back to the root. It also works to maintain contiguity within a table set with sequential space hints (a table created with a known sequential usage pattern). If database defragmentation sees a scan/pre-read on a sequential table and the records are not stored on sequential pages within the table, the process will defrag that section of the table, by moving all of the impacted pages to a new extent in the B+ tree. You can use the performance counters (mentioned in the monitoring section) to see how little work database defragmentation performs once a steady state is reached.
Database defragmentation is a background process that analyzes the database continuously as operations are performed, and then triggers asynchronous work when necessary. Database defragmentation is throttled under two scenarios:
Database checksumming (also known as Online Database Scanning) is the process where the database is read in large chunks and each page is checksummed (checked for physical page corruption). Checksumming's primary purpose is to detect physical corruption and lost flushes that may not be getting detected by transactional operations (stale pages).
With Exchange 2007 RTM and all previous versions, checksumming operations happened during the backup process. This posed a problem for replicated databases, as the only copy to be checksummed was the copy being backed up. For the scenario where the passive copy was being backed up, this meant that the active copy was not being checksummed. So in Exchange 2007 SP1, we introduced a new optional online maintenance task, Online Maintenance Checksum (for more information, see Exchange 2007 SP1 ESE Changes – Part 2).
In Exchange 2010, database scanning checksums the database and performs post Exchange 2010 Store crash operations. Space can be leaked due to crashes, and online database scanning finds and recovers lost space. Database checksum reads approximately 5 MB per second for each actively scanning database (both active and passive copies) using 256KB IOs. The I/O is 100 percent sequential. The system in Exchange 2010 is designed with the expectation that every database is fully scanned once every seven days.
If the scan takes longer than seven days, an event is recorded in the Application Log :
Event ID: 733
Event Type: Information
Event Source: ESE
Description: Information Store (15964) MDB01: Online Maintenance Database Checksumming background task is NOT finishing on time for database 'd:\mdb\mdb01.edb'. This pass started on 11/10/2011 and has been running for 604800 seconds (over 7 days) so far.
If it takes longer than seven days to complete the scan on the active database copy, the following entry will be recorded in the Application Log once the scan has completed:
Event ID: 735
Event Type: Information
Event Source: ESE
Description: Information Store (15964) MDB01 Database Maintenance has completed a full pass on database 'd:\mdb\mdb01.edb'. This pass started on 11/10/2011 and ran for a total of 777600 seconds. This database maintenance task exceeded the 7 day maintenance completion threshold. One or more of the following actions should be taken: increase the IO performance/throughput of the volume hosting the database, reduce the database size, and/or reduce non-database maintenance IO.
In addition, an in-flight warning will also be recorded in the Application Log when it takes longer than 7 days to complete.
In Exchange 2010, there are now two modes to run database checksumming on active database copies:
Regardless of the database size, our recommendation is to leverage the default behavior and not configure database checksum operations against the active database as a scheduled process (i.e., don't configure it as a process within the online maintenance window).
For passive database copies, database checksums occur during runtime, continuously operating in the background.
Page patching is the process where corrupt pages are replaced by healthy copies. As mentioned previously, corrupt page detection is a function of database checksumming (in addition, corrupt pages are also detected at run time when the page is stored in the database cache). Page patching works against highly available (HA) database copies. How a corrupt page is repaired depends on whether the HA database copy is active or passive.
Page patching process
|On active database copies
|On passive database copies
Database Page Zeroing is the process where deleted pages in the database are written over with a pattern (zeroed) as a security measure, which makes discovering the data much more difficult.
With Exchange 2007 RTM and all previous versions, page zeroing operations happened during the streaming backup process. In addition since they occurred during the streaming backup process they were not a logged operation (e.g., page zeroing did not result in the generation of log files). This posed a problem for replicated databases, as the passive copies never had its pages zeroed, and the active copies would only have it pages zeroed if you performed a streaming backup. So in Exchange 2007 SP1, we introduced a new optional online maintenance task, Zero Database Pages during Checksum (for more information, see Exchange 2007 SP1 ESE Changes – Part 2). When enabled this task would zero out pages during the Online Maintenance Window, logging the changes, which would be replicated to the passive copies.
With the Exchange 2007 SP1 implementation, there is significant lag between when a page is deleted to when it is zeroed as a result of the zeroing process occurring during a scheduled maintenance window. So in Exchange 2010 SP1, the page zeroing task is now a runtime event that operates continuously, zeroing out pages typically at transaction time when a hard delete occurs.
In addition, database pages can also be scrubbed during the online checksum process. The pages targeted in this case are:
For more information on page zeroing in Exchange 2010, see Understanding Exchange 2010 Page Zeroing.
Requiring a scheduled maintenance window for page zeroing, database defragmentation, database compaction, and online checksum operations poses significant problems, including the following:
Due to the aforementioned issues, it was critical in Exchange 2010 that the database maintenance tasks be moved out of a scheduled process and be performed during runtime continuously in the background.
We've designed these background tasks such that they're automatically throttled based on activity occurring against the database. In addition, our sizing guidance around message profiles takes these maintenance tasks into account.
In previous versions of Exchange, events in the Application Log would be used to monitor things like online defragmentation. In Exchange 2010, there are no longer any events recorded for the defragmentation and compaction maintenance tasks. However, you can use performance counters to track the background maintenance tasks under the MSExchange Database ==> Instances object:
|Database Maintenance Duration
|The number of seconds that have passed since the maintenance started for this database. If the value is 0, maintenance has been finished for the day.
|Database Maintenance Pages Bad Checksums
|The number of non-correctable page checksums encountered during a database maintenance pass
|Defragmentation Tasks
|The count of background database defragmentation tasks that are currently executing
|Defragmentation Tasks Completed/Sec
|The rate of background database defragmentation tasks that are being completed
You'll find the following page zeroing counters under the MSExchange Database object:
|Database Maintenance Pages Zeroed
|Indicates the number of pages zeroed by the database engine since the performance counter was invoked
|Database Maintenance Pages Zeroed/sec
|Indicates the rate at which pages are zeroed by the database engine
You will need to dismount the database and use ESEUTIL /MS to check the available whitespace in a database. For an example, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa996139(v=EXCHG.65).aspx (note that you have to multiply the number of pages by 32K).
Note that there is a status property available on databases within Exchange 2010, but it should not be used to determine the amount of total whitespace available within the database:
Get-MailboxDatabase MDB1 -Status | FL AvailableNewMailboxSpace
AvailableNewMailboxSpace tells you is how much space is available in the root tree of the database. It does not factor in the free pages within mailbox tables, index tables, etc. It is not representative of the white space within the database.
Naturally, after seeing the available whitespace in the database, the question that always ensues is – how can I reclaim the whitespace?
Many assume the answer is to perform an offline defragmentation of the database using ESEUTIL. However, that's not our recommendation. When you perform an offline defragmentation you create an entirely brand new database and the operations performed to create this new database are not logged in transaction logs. The new database also has a new database signature, which means that you invalidate the database copies associated with this database.
In the event that you do encounter a database that has significant whitespace and you don't expect that normal operations will reclaim it, our recommendation is:
Much of the confusion lies in the term background database maintenance. Collectively, all of the aforementioned tasks make up background database maintenance. However, the Shell, EMC, and JetStress all refer to database checksumming as background database maintenance, and that's what you're configuring when you enable or disable it using these tools.
Enabling background database maintenance using the Shell:
Set-MailboxDatabase -Identity MDB1 -BackgroundDatabaseMaintenance $true
Database checksumming can become an IO tax burden if the storage is not designed correctly (even though it's sequential) as it performs 256K read IOs and generates roughly 5MB/s per database.
As part of our storage guidance, we recommend you configure your storage array stripe size (the size of stripes written to each disk in an array; also referred to as block size) to be 256KB or larger.
It's also important to test your storage with JetStress and ensure that the database checksum operation is included in the test pass.
In the end, if a JetStress execution fails due to database checksumming, you have a few options:
If you do this, we do recommend smaller database sizes. Also keep in mind that the passive copies will still perform database checksum as a background process, so you still need to account for this throughput in our storage architecture. For more information on this subject see Jetstress 2010 and Background Database Maintenance.
The architectural changes to the database engine in Exchange Server 2010 dramatically improve its performance and robustness, but change the behavior of database maintenance tasks from previous versions. Hopefully this article helps your understanding of what is background database maintenance in Exchange 2010.
Ross Smith IV
Principal Program Manager
Exchange Customer Experience
nice post
A while back, I had come up with a method for reclaiming whitespace on database in a DAG, and I'm wondering if it has the same impact that an offline defrag does, or perhaps another negative impact that I overlooked.
What I did was, delete the passive copies of the database, and then reseed them. The new copies that were created took up less space on the file system because they no longer contained the white space. If I remember correctly, transaction logs are kept intact, because the reseeding process copies them over too. After the reseeding process was completed, and the passive copies were all in a "Healthy" state, I activated one of the passive copies, and repeated the process on the last remaining copy.
I did this over a year ago, so my memory could be a little fuzzy. The main reason behind coming up with this method of doing it, was that there were still a lot of Outlook 2003 users, and it was an organization with employees working 24x7, so moving mailboxes to a new database would have caused a service interruption. Doing it this way allowed me to free up the space without anyone noticing.
Obviously this method only works with a DAG. Thoughts?
Another question comes to mind, the preferred method mentioned only works for mailbox databases. What is the preferred method for a public folder database?
Thanks for the article Ross, there are definitely some things there I didn't know.
You've prompted me to check the maintenance on my own servers. Unfortunately, I've come across a potential issue. Two active database one one of my servers (15 active / 15 passive total) don't look like they're performing maintenance properly. The "Database Maintenance Duration" counter for these DBs is climbing in front of my eyes. One of them is over 1,000, the other over 20,000. How is the counter climbing when it's supposed to be measured in hours, not seconds?! Is my perfmon wrong? For all other databases the counter stays resolutely at 0.
There are no 733 or 735 alerts in the application log.
Any pointers appreciated!
It cleared lot of the things on my mind....will definitely help in my assessment & planning....!
I Lykd the justification of why to run 24x7....not to schedule....the impact mentioned....sharing requirement from the storage perspective as well....!
Thank You...!
Sorry, are you saying that when I enable BDM in Jetstress, Shell and EMC on the DB it's only doing Checksumming or ALL the BDM tasks you mention above?
A terminology confusion
Much of the confusion lies in the term background database maintenance. Collectively, all of the aforementioned tasks make up background database maintenance. However, the Shell, EMC, and JetStress all refer to database checksumming as background database maintenance, and that's what you're configuring when you enable or disable it using these tools.
Thank you Ross ! Great post!
@DontCallMeADag - The GUI, Shell and Jetstress all incorrectly refer to Online Database Scanning as Background Database Maintenance. When you change the checkbox you are actually controlling the 24x7 ESE CRC scanning in Online Database Scanning rather than Background Database Maintenance. This is why there is so much confusion...
Dear Ross,
could you, please, confirm that it is not neccessary to run offline defragmentation every night at Exchange Server. I often see admins which think that it is normal practice and use it.
@Pavel - Ross already made the statement in the article "Many assume the answer is to perform an offline defragmentation of the database using ESEUTIL. However, that's not our recommendation.". He goes on to explain why in detail and the better alternative that accomplishes the same goal.
The additional benefit to using Ross's recommendation alternative is that unlike an an offline defragmentation where you have to have the database offline and mailboxes be unavailable the entire time, the new database and mailbox move is practically transparent to the end user.
So please tell the admins you see using offline defragmentation to please stop and consider alternative methods to accomplish the same goals.
Nice one Ross, it is great to have a single authoritative article on the topic we can refer to when the questions come up.
Nice one Ross, it is great to have a single authoritative article on the topic we can refer to when the questions come up.
Nice one Ross, it is great to have a single authoritative article on the topic we can refer to when the questions come up.
Excellent post.
Thank you for this helpful post!
Regards, Chris
Thanks for this great post!
One question: if all of this maintenance is now performed during regular operations, what is left to be performed during the actual database maintenance window?
@ExchangeRox - the items Ross listed that occur 7x24 really are all about the database itself, specifically regarding defragmentation, page zeroing, etc... There are other tasks performed by Exchange for several versions now during a "maintenance window"
such as Item Tombstoning, deleted mailbox cleanup, deleted item retention cleanup, etc...
While I haven't found one for Exchange 2007, this list for Exchange 2007 should give you a clearer view of all of the maintenance tasks Exchange 2010 performs during the scheduled window above and beyond basic database maintenance:
Correction - "While I haven't found one for Exchange 2010, this list for Exchange 2007..."
Great post !! You have cleared the misconception of offline defragmentation which is not well documented in Other places so i was being hit by others when i said move mialboxes instead of defrag :)
Great post Ross! Thanks for taking the time on this, and as always, helping out the Exchange community.
Awesome post, thanks for the helpful information about the differences between 2010 and previous versions. I can see why different tactics are necessary since the database structure has been completely rewritten.
Very interesting article. One question, you mention "Configure database checksumming to not be a background process, but a scheduled process." - how and where do you change that?
However, the Shell, EMC, and JetStress all refer to database checksumming as background database maintenance, and that's what you're configuring when you enable or disable it using these tools.
@Steen - I believe the implied logic is that if you uncheck the "Enable background database maintenance (24 x 7 ESE scanning)" check box on a database, it will revert to the pre-Exchange 2010 behavior and perform this database maintenance as a part of the maintenance schedule only.
I.E. There is no separate maintenance schedule for this task, it's just whether you want it to run all the time (which really just scans the database once per day) or as a part of the established maintenance schedule (the default is 1AM to 5AM).
@Dan, thanks for the answer, that makes sense.
Can I treat Database Compaction as OLD v1?
Database Compaction = *fewest* number of pages possible?
Database Defragment = compact as well as defragment (make *sequential*) database tables?
Both operations(OLD V1 & OLD V2) must be required as they do differnet jobs? Thanks.
@Frank - OLDv1 no longer exists in E2010. In E2010 we place priority on ensuring that the database pages within certain B+ trees are sequential, potentially sacrificing compaction. In addition we will re-order records on database pages, collapsing pages where necessary, but this is secondary to ensuring the sequentiality of the database B+ trees.
"If you plan to store multiple databases on the same LUN or volume, ensure that the aggregate size of all the databases does not exceed 2 TB. This is because database maintenance is throttled by serializing based on the number of databases/volume and assumes that the aggregate size is not greater than 2 TB."
This is the first time I've seen this requirement. I plan to have 3-4 TB of databases on a single LUN. What will happen once I do? Will database maintenance always be incorrectly throttled, resulting in it rarely completing? Is there a way to override the 2 TB setting?
If this is a requirement when designing storage architecture, could you have it added to the Mailbox Server Storage Design documentation?
V Nice article, as said a future repeated place to direct people to that saves endless explanations.
Keeping this comment short to avoid posting timeouts and voracious websites!
@Dan, it turns out the comment I made about serializing ESE scanning based on the aggregate size of the databases was inaccurate. In fact, ESE scanning is performed in parallel against databases. Sorry for the confusion. The article has been updated and I've removed the comment related to the inaccuracy.
@Ross - thank you VERY much for following up on the discussion and addressing the concerns.
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This article is about information technology in Pakistan. For an overview of modern science and technology in Pakistan, see Science and technology in Pakistan. Also seeCommunications in Pakistan and Internet in Pakistan for further information.
What is the Global Information Technology Report?
For technologists, industry watchers and citizens of a country, World Economic Forum's Global Information Technology Report holds immense value and is eagerly awaited by investors & decision makers alike. This report basically outlines how great (or bad) a country is doing in adopting technology in making people's lives better by investing in infrastructure, economic potential, human resources, competitiveness level and more in order to arrive at its conclusions.
In short, it looks at data from 144 countries, and tracks how far the country has progressed by adopting technology in fulfilling the social, economic, academic and lifestyle needs of its population. This relates to both the private sector and the government's efforts to invest in technology to enhance competitiveness and economic progress.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is important for sustained economic growth and stable job creation, so that the youth of the country are not found without opportunities as they enter the job market. ICT has also revolutionized how businesses are done, cutting down operating costs and time, increasing a company's competitiveness level across the board and in the industry.
Pakistan's Global Ranking in ICT over the years
Information technology in Pakistan is a growing and rising industry that has a lot of potential. Matters relating to the IT industry are overseen and regulated by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of Pakistan. The IT industry is regarded as a successful sector of Pakistan economically, even in financial crisis. The government of Pakistan has given numerous incentives to IT investors in the country during the last decade, this resulted in the development of the IT sector. In the years 2003-2005 the country's IT exports saw a rise of about fifty percent and amounted a total of about 48.5 million USD. The World Economic Forum, assessing the development of Information and Communication Technology in the country ranked Pakistan 111th among 144 countries in the Global Information Technology report of 2014.
As of 2011, Pakistan has over 20 million internet users and is ranked as one of the top countries that have registered a high growth rate in internet penetration. Overall, it has the 27th largest population of internet users in the world. In the fiscal year 2012-2013, the Government of Pakistan aims to spend Rs. 4.6 billion on information technology projects, with emphasis on e-government, human resource and infrastructure development.
What do these numbers mean for Pakistan over the past 3 years?
The World Economic Forum has placed Pakistan 97th in a list of 143 countries it evaluated for business and innovation environment in its Global Information Technology report 2015.
Lets celebrate the good news first. In a span of just 1 year, Pakistan turned the tables around, rating significantly better than in the preceding years in ICT readiness and progress.
Collected And Prepared By Nayab Khan

subset: commoncrawl


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FOXBOROUGH, Mass. – Lee Nguyen haunted his former team with two goals and one assist in an inspired performance as the New England Revolution rolled to a 4-1 win over Vancouver Whitecaps FC on Saturday night at Gillette Stadium.
Nguyen – waived by Vancouver in March – notched his first two MLS goals, including a spectacular long-distance rocket to round out the scoring, sandwiched around first-half strikes from Saer Sène and Shalrie Joseph. It was the Revolution's best offensive output since scoring four times in a 4-4 draw with the Philadelphia Union last September.
Eric Hassli scored Vancouver's lone goal in the fifth minute as the Whitecaps (5-3-2, 17 pts.) saw their three-game winning streak come to an abrupt end. The Revs (4-6-0, 12 pts.) picked up their third home win of the season in their fourth match at Gillette Stadium.
One week after utilizing a 4-5-1 formation in a 2-1 loss to Real Salt Lake, the Revs returned to their customary 4-4-2 alignment with Blake Brettschneider partnering Sène up top. Stephen McCarthy was recalled to the starting lineup as he partnered A.J. Soares in central defense.
The action was fast and furious from the opening whistle as the teams traded goals inside six minutes and combined for four total before the halftime break.
Revolution goalkeeper Matt Reis came up with a huge save to deny Sebastien Le Toux from close range in the third minute, but Hassli found a way through to give the visitors a 1-0 lead two minutes later. Davide Chiumiento began the move with a cutting pass to Le Toux, who pulled the ball back to Hassli for a low finish from the right side of the box.
Nguyen pulled the Revs level just one minute later with his first of the night. Brettschneider's attempted volley near the penalty spot was blocked but the ball settled for Nguyen, who drilled a shot into the lower left corner from eight yards out.
Eighteen minutes after piercing the net, Nguyen turned provider as he set up Sène for his team-leading fourth goal of the season. Nguyen sliced through the Whitecaps midfield before dishing off for Sène, who held off Alain Rochat and finished low inside the far post to give the Revs a 2-1 lead in the 24th minute.
New England extended its lead to 3-1 in the 33rd minute when Joseph notched his first goal of the season. Sène's right-wing cross was only half-cleared to Joseph near the penalty spot and the Revolution captain lashed home into the lower left corner past helpless Vancouver goalkeeper Joe Cannon.
The pace slowed considerably after the halftime break but Nguyen gave the Gillette Stadium crowd a jolt in the 72nd minute with a stunning long-distance strike. Nguyen settled Chris Tierney's short throw-in near the corner of the box and after letting the ball bounce, unleashed a dipping rocket into the far upper corner to put the finishing touch on the Revolution's 4-1 win.
The Revs will play their second straight home match next weekend when they host the Houston Dynamo on Saturday, May 19. Kickoff from Gillette Stadium is set for 7:30 p.m.
New England Revolution vs. Vancouver Whitecaps FC
May 12, 2012 – Gillette Stadium (Foxborough, Mass.)
New England Revolution 4, Vancouver Whitecaps FC 1
Scoring Summary:
VAN: Eric Hassli (Sebastien Le Toux, Davide Chiumiento) 5
NE: Lee Nguyen (unassisted) 6
NE: Saer Sène (Lee Nguyen) 24
NE: Shalrie Joseph (unassisted) 33
NE: Lee Nguyen (Chris Tierney) 72
New England Revolution: Matt Reis, Chris Tierney, A.J. Soares, Stephen McCarthy, Kevin Alston, Benny Feilhaber, Clyde Simms, Shalrie Joseph ©, Lee Nguyen (Fernando Cardenas 79), Saer Sène (Diego Fagundez 72), Blake Brettschneider (Alec Purdie 83)
Substitutes Not Used: Bobby Shuttleworth, Darrius Barnes, John Lozano, Bjorn Runstrom
STATS: Shots 18, Shots on Target 7, Corner Kicks 0, Saves 4, Fouls 18, Offsides 3, Passes Completed (percentage) 358 (71.5%), Possession 42.1%
Vancouver Whitecaps FC: Joe Cannon, Young-Pyo Lee, Jordan Harvey, Carlyle Mitchell, Alain Rochat ©, Gershon Koffie (Etienne Barbara 80), Davide Chiumiento, Omar Salgado (Darren Mattocks 62), Jun Marques Davidson (Floyd Franks 89), Sebastien Le Toux, Eric Hassli
Substitutes Not Used: Brad Knighton, Martin Bonjour, Michael Nanchoff, Matt Watson
STATS: Shots 9, Shots on Target 5, Corner Kicks 3, Saves 3, Fouls 16, Offsides 0, Passes Completed (percentage) 502 (74.9%), Possession 57.9%
* Note that all statistics are unofficial
Misconduct Summary:
VAN: Koffie (caution) 44
NE: Joseph (caution) 45+
VAN: Salgado (caution) 61
VAN: Mattocks (caution) 64
NE: McCarthy (caution) 83
VAN: Hassli (caution) 90
Referee: Silviu Petrescu
Assistant Referees: Daniel Belleau, Marco Arruda
Fourth Official: Geoff Gamble
Weather: Sunny and 75 degrees
Attendance: 12,112
Team Records
New England Revolution 4-6-0 (12 pts.)
Vancouver Whitecaps FC 5-3-2 (17 pts.)
• Tonight's match marked the third meeting ever between the New England Revolution and Vancouver Whitecaps FC … with the win, the Revs are now 2-0-1 against Vancouver in the all-time, regular season series
• Saturday's match was the only regular-season meeting between the two clubs in 2012 … New England won the first regular-season series in 2011 … the two teams played to a 1-1 draw at Empire Field on April 6 before the Revs won, 1-0, at Gillette Stadium on May 14
• The Revs have now won two consecutive home games for the first time since 2010 following the Revs' 2-1 win against Colorado on May 2, 2012 … in 2010, the Revs won three consecutive games from July 10 to Aug. 14: against LA (2-0) on July 10, D.C. (1-0) on Aug. 7 and Houston (1-0) on Aug. 14
• Lee Nguyen scored his first career goal in the sixth minute … Nguyen has also added one assist in 10 appearances, including eight starts
• Lee Nguyen's sixth-minute goal marked the third time in four home matches that the Revs have scored in the first 10 minutes of play … Saer Sène scored a first-minute goal on March 24 against Portland while Jose Moreno scored in the sixth-minute against D.C. United on April 14
• Lee Nguyen's goal in the 72nd minute was his second of the night and second career goal … Nguyen's two goals tonight marked the first time a Revolution player has scored two goals in a game since Ryan Guy scored twice at Chicago on Sept. 25, 2011
• Saer Sène scored his fourth goal of the season in the 24th-minute … Sene's four goals are a team best
• Lee Nguyen earned the primary assist on Saer Sène's 24th-minute goal ... in addition to his two goals tonight, Nguyen now has two assists this season, and trails Shalrie Joseph for the team lead (three)
• Chris Tierney recorded his second assist of the season on his throw-in to Lee Nguyen ahead of Nguyen's 72nd-minute goal
• Shalrie Joseph scored his first goal of the season, and first since Sept. 10, 2011, ending a 15-game scoring drought … Joseph now leads all Revolution scorers in matches against Vancouver with two goals in three appearances
• The Revs scored three goals in the first half for the first time this season and the 13th time in club history … it was the first three-goal first half since Sept. 7, 2011 at Philadelphia
• The three-goal effort in the first half matched the team's highest goal total in any game this season … the Revs scored two first-half goals and added a third in the second half in the Revs 3-1 victory at LA on March 31
• The Revs scored four goals tonight for the first time since a 4-4 draw at Philadelphia on Sept. 7, 2011
• With a 4-1 win, the Revs won their first game by three goals since April 1, 2010, when the Revs beat Toronto, 4-1
• Matt Reis is undefeated at 2-0-0 in his career against Vancouver, with nine saves
• Saturday's game marked the first time in six games that the Revs did not finish in a one-goal game, dating back to the 3-1 win at LA on March 31 … since the end of March, the Revs went 1-4-0 in five consecutive one-goal contests before winning by three goals tonight
• When Saer Sène scores a goal, the Revolution is now 4-0-0, after Sène scored tonight in the 24th minute … when Sène does not score a goal – or only records an assist – the Revs are 0-5-0
• At 4-6-0 through 10 games, the Revs are one win shy of matching their win total (5) in all of 2011 … last year, the Revs went 5-6-13 record in a 34-game season
• Tonight marked the second consecutive home game in which the Revs conceded a goal and responded with the victory … the Revs trailed early against Colorado on May 2 and won, 2-1, before responding to an early deficit tonight in the fifth minute with four unanswered goals


text: Greywater-Watch #1 Posted July 25, 2017 My disappointment after the 2nd episode of season 7 is great. I admit favoring the books, though I am ready to accept that she show has gone its own way. But within the show (which has not been too bad until end of season 6, despite a steady drop in quality since season 4) certain standards have to be obeyed: It is the coherence, the inner logic of the story and the characters (their way of thinking, acting). And that logic has been abandoned in the first two episodes of season 7 to an extent I have not seen before within the story. By the way, accompanied with a cutting of the scenes that is in great parts more than questionable, choking the rhythm of the films. But let me explain in some details my main observatins concerning the lack of inner logic. Dragonstone Tyrion What has become of that man? He was acted nicely by P. Dinklage until the end of Season 6 (well, in fact the last episodes of season 6 already showed a cockless Tyrion). Now he is reduced to end each of his scenes with a sheepishly devotional look at Daenerys He has shown to be a good strategist in the past. He knew from Theon's and Yara's visit to Mereen that Euron planned to build a huge fleet. Knowing that Cersei would be desperate to find allies (only very few possibilities left), he must have taken Euron as a possible ally for Cersei into account. Daenerys She looks all but Queenly. She appears insecure. Emilia Clarke is no great actress (we know that), but she should have been given a script showing her less unconfident. She has survived all perils in Essos taking many of her crucial decisions on her own, now she seems only able to repeat what Tyrion phrases out before (lots of talk of not being like her father and not wishing to be Queen of ashes). Does she have no desire to explore the country she waited to see for her whole life on the back of her dragon? Dragons: Seemingly there is no reflection at all about their value within her counsel or by herself It is Daenerys "trade mark", she is the Dragon Queeen => the dragons have to be seen/shown They inspire fear => the dragons have to be seen/shown An unmatched military advantage as it allows scouting (military reconnaissance) over vast areas A huge weapon (breathing fire, hard to kill, hard to attack while in the air) If Daenerys wants to avoid being seen as Queen of ashes, she just has to limit the use of the fourth option, but the other three options she is free to use. No discussion at all about a second or even third dragonrider Varys The spy master turns out as completely useless in his main profession Apparently he has no knowledge of Jon being KOTN (which is not held secret and is the talk of Inns as even Hot Pie knows it; apart from that, this is old news deriving from end of season 6 and already known when Varys was in Dorne forging the alliance with Ellaria Sand and Olenna Tyrell.) No knowledge of forming alliance between Euron and Cersei, neither of Euron's fleet and last position; and an armada of 1.000 ships in the harbor of KL is not secretive With Sands and especially Lady Olenna he has useful informants in Westeros, especially Olenna; if not that, what about his own network of spies? It worked out over long distances before (Esos to Westeros), and Varys had been just recently in Dorne to re-establish network There was time enough to gather fresh information after arriving at Dragonstone If he was near as capable as in the book, he would even have known about the crossbow that Qyburn constructed to bring the dragons down Winterfell: JON He never put any effort to convince Northeners or Vale Lords of the existence of the army of the dead. He could easily have by asking a Wildling (e.g. Tormund) or a witness from the Night Watch to tell the story as well Besides, Jon never gave or was asked an explanation how he justified abandoning the Night Watch (we know that especially the North holds the vow to the Night watch sacred) Littlefinger, a major player in books as well as in the show until end of season 6 he plays a pitiful role now; having two scenes each in episode 1 and 2; one with some stupid, unclever talk, the other smirking in the background during gathering of Lords in Winterfell; one of the most valuable councilors for Jon (the by far best politician he has around him) – he remains completely unused never a thankful remark by Jon for saving him in the battle of bastards If there is mistrust between Jon and Lord Baelish, it is too important not to be discussed openly Davos does nearly not talk at all (second most experienced politician Jon has around him) => a similar waste as Littlefinger. Bran Stark the probably most important source of information and help for Jon/Sansa and the whole North in general: I take it for given that Bran wants to rejoin his remaining family and that Dolorous Edd (acting Lord Commander of the Night Watch) tells him that he will find Jon at Winterfell as KOTN; even if Bran should already know by himself via his ability to look at the present at past through weirwoods Even if we may assume that it takes him some time to come down from Castle Black to Winterfell (would have been nice to have seen him depart though): A bird with a letter from Castle Black to Winterfell (shorter distance to fly than e.g. from Oldtown or Dragonstone to Winterfell) is the minimum I expect to have arrived and mentioned by Sansa and/or Jon within episode 2 Kings Landing Cersei lecturing the Lords of the Reach about defending Westeros from barbarians, but no one mentions concerns about her attempts to forge an alliance with the Ironborn? That is ridiculous, even for the show. I have highlighted the points that really annoy me and that are inacceptable in my opinion, even for the show. As for Arya, Jaime and Samwell, Brienne, Tormund, Sansa: I can live with what they did in these two episodes. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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In honor of the 300th follower to my blog, I have decided to have another Target card giveaway! What girl wouldn't love an extra $25 to spend on your next Target shopping trip? I know I would. I am also excited to annouce that I am also coupling my giveaway with the launching of Karen At Home on Facebook! Here is what you need to do to enter:
Leave me a comment and tell me what you would buy at Target with the extra $25.
You can earn additional entries by doing the following:
2. For a second entry, follow me on Twitter - Click on the Twitter icon on the right hand side of my blog.
1. For one additional entry, leave a separate comment letting me know you have become a follower of our blog or that you are already following our blog.
3. For a third entry, leave a separate comment letting me know you blogged about the giveaway. Please make sure to leave the link to your blog post or the entry will not be accepted.
4. For a fourth entry, Grab My Blog Button and post it to your blog!!!
5. Please click on the 'Like' button found on the new 'Find Us on Facebook' box on the right hand side of my blog.
For each entry, leave a separate comment - & don't forget to leave your email address! This Giveaway ends Monday, September 20th at 11pmEST. A winner will be drawn by Random.org and posted on Tuesday, September 21st (open to US Residents Only).
Good luck!!


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A Sober Companion is not a 24/7 professional representative for any 12-step program.
A professional Sober Companion does not move into your home to take you through the 12 Steps.
Each Sober Companion we hire is a 12-Step member and is prohibited from taking money to perform what must remain voluntary activities.
We are not advocates of the 12 Steps for every client;
We are advicates of healing for every client.
Sober Champion does not proselytize any exclusive pathway to recovery – we do whatever works for our client.
Many therapeutic modalities emphasize unresolved ISSUES impacting today. A coach will challenge you to drop the story about how messed up you are and to focus on what you can do TODAY to move forward. A Sober Companion focuses on the present and future, while therapy too often focuses on the past.
At Sober Champion, we simply do not believe that a person who is not in recovery can effectively coach a newly recovering addict. Therefore, every one of our providers is a recovering addict or alcoholic. Not every one of us, however, is a 12-Step member.
If a Sober Companion is a 12-Stepper, any service he/she provides there is volunteer work. Companions do it on their own time.
Some Companions specialize in helping clients find alternatives to 12-step recovery.
The best Sober Companion will challenge and support the client to make lifestyle changes and experience a better quality of living. We have a robust set of elements to help you avoid frustration and other triggering episodes that lead to relapse.
We want our clients to avoid relapse and end the cycle of multiple trips to treatment. We help our clients become more effective, stay serene, and get "back to center".
Sober Companions know it is normal for people early in recovery to have a really tough time – that's why they hire US. This client doesn't need institutionalization. They don't need amateur sobriety sleuths shouting slogans. Slogans can be great mnemonic devices but they are not always the most effective healing tools.
Coaching ethics and guidelines require that if a client is primarily seeking relief from physical, emotional or psychological pain they must to be referred to another mental health professional. Sober Coaching is not, therefore, a catchall for patients that other professionals don't want.
Sober Companions focus on establishing goals and developing a strong community support system while enjoying quality of life, balance and wellness…after rehab.


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Americans may know Lara Pulver best for her role as fairy Claudine Crane in HBO's "True Blood," or perhaps as Irene Adler in "Sherlock" on PBS.
Come April, her role as Clarice Orsini in Starz' "Da Vinci's Demons" is likely to be top of mind.
"She is a woman very much ahead of her time," the English actress says in a new video introduction from Starz. "I guess you could mirror her to a modern-day Hillary Clinton ... Clarice is a powerhouse of a woman who is a devoted wife and yet, a very forward-thinking, intelligent, driven woman."
In the tale, Clarice is married to Lorenzo Medici (Elliot Cowan), who runs the top bank in Italy. They are the ultimate power couple in Florence and have "a profound love and compassion for each other," Pulver says.
That explains why Clarice is able to brush off her husband's affair with a noble woman "as long as you return to me." As Pulver plays her, Clarice feels no threat, but has a strength that conveys a threat of her own when confronting the woman in question.
"Da Vinci's Demons," from David S. Goyer, tells the story of Leonardo da Vinci (Tom Riley) during his energetic 20s in Renaissance Florence when he angered the powers that be with his impetuous spirit as much as he dazzled them with his brilliance. Da Vinci pushes himself into the Medici family's lives and the political struggles of Florence and Rome when he seks a commission from Lorenzo the Magnificent.
"There [are] many twists and turns within the storyline that catch you off guard," Pulver says. "But visually, it's a stunning piece of television."
"Da Vinci's Demons" premieres at 9 p.m. CT April 12 on Starz. Continue to visit Show Patrol in the coming weeks for more about the series, and an exclusive interview with one of the stars.
Want more? Discuss this article and others on Show Patrol's Facebook page.
Americans may know Lara Pulver best for her role as fairy Claudine Crane in HBO's "True Blood," or perhaps as Irene Adler in "Sherlock" on PBS.


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It Is Ok Not To Be Super Covid 19 Mom Right Now
It is ok not to be super Covid 19 mom right now. Yes, I am am a mom too with…
There is more to life than being a perfect mother. I have had many people ask the question "how do you cope with it all?" The answer is I don't. I drop the ball many times. When I borrow time from my children to attend to work I am dropping the ball. If I am borrowing time from work to attend to my children I am dropping the ball.
About Me
Hello, my name is Brigitte. I am a working mom from Cape Town. I understand the struggle between trying to stay fit and juggling kids, a career, family, and staying healthy.
I write about personal health and fitness related topics, parenting, self development, kids health and fitness, kids activities, entrepreneurship, family, food, fun and outdoorsy stuff.
I know better than anyone how challenging life can be and this blog is really just to shine some light on all of the above subjects.
Despite the fact that I run my own Marketing and Project Management business, I am absolutely crazy about fitness (still) and something that most people don't know is that I am a qualified personal trainer. I offer a lot of free exercise programs and advice as well as diet and weight-loss information on my blog.
I am a mother of a boy (6) named Sammy and soon to be mom to another baby boy named Saul due 15 April.
The purpose of the blog is to share helpful and useful information and ideas with other like-minded women. I want to create a community of sharing and women supporting other women in their journey's.
I love feedback and interesting stories/news and recommendations please share with me on email@example.com
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Fit Working Mom blog | MMet Survivor SA | Lifestyle
Owner of: @lovu.za 🐘
GM: @women4womensa @theprojectlead 🍃


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This week, we lost an amazing mind in the world of technology. Aaron Swartz committed suicide after a prolonged battle with depression. In case you are unaware of Aaron's contributions to our world: he had a part (and no small part) in developing the concept of RSS Feeds, Co-founding Reddit, led the development of the nonprofit Open Library in 2007 and assisted in laying structure of the framework for the development of Creative Commons licensing - among many other projects. But until now, you probably didn't have a clue who he was. Aaron was also a man of conviction and was passionate about the concepts of freedom of information the Internet. This led him to develop Demand Progress an organization committed to the aforementioned ideal.
Unfortunately, living by one's convictions can often lead you over the top and outside the bounds of social norms. In 2011, Aaron was indicted on charges of downloading millions of documents illegally from the non for profit online database JSTOR which provide academic journal articles free of charge. I will not speculate on whether his actions were right or wrong. Unfortunately, facing a prison sentence of up to 35 years for hacking, Aaron took his own life. Aaron had suffered from depression for some time as he noted in this blog post from 2007. It is my opinion that passion, genius and depression are typically a recipe for a catastrophic disaster and in this particular case it took a young 26 year old from us much too soon.
Depression needs to stop being looked at as a stigma in the world in which we live. It is a sickness that must be addressed and allowed to be done without shame. Who knows what a bright star like Aaron would have accomplished if he had gotten the help he obviously needed. We need to watch out for each other and be a support system to those in need. We need to be more alert so that these kinds of tragedies can be prevented. Rest in Peace Aaron and as Tim Berners Lee so succinctly tweeted at the news of your loss: "Aaron dead. World wanderers, we have lost a wise elder. Hackers for right, we are one down. Parents all, we have lost a child. Let us weep." You will be missed.


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My homework question is summarized below:
There are 7 players (say P1,P2,...,P7) trying to split 100 dollars. The game starts with P1 proposing an allocation of the 100 dollars to each player, that is, P1 assigns a dollar amount [0, 100] to each player, including himself. Then the remaining players P2..P7 all vote "Yes" or "No" to P1's allocation, simultaneously. If half or more vote "Yes", then the allocation is passed and everyone's payoff is the dollar amount they were allocated. If less than half vote "Yes", then the current player allocating (P1 in the first round of this game) receives a payoff of -1 and is removed from the subsequent rounds of the game. The game then continues onto the next round but with P2 attempting the next allocation for players P2...P7. The game continues until either the proposed allocation is passed (half or more vote "Yes"), or until P7 is the only player left in the game, in which he receives all 100 dollars.
Using the solution concept of subgame perfect Nash equilibrium, what happens?
I'm not quite sure how to start this question since I am not given an Extensive form game, and if I tried to make one myself, I wouldn't know the payoffs. Also the size of this Extensive form game (around $2^0 + 2^1 + ... + 2^5$ nodes) is quite impractical to solve.
My attempt is below and admittedly it is lacking. I'm fairly positive I'm taking the wrong approach.
I tried starting from the very last round of the game and working upwards. The way I made the games was to consider a Px allocating and I would draw the extensive form game of players Px+1 .. P7 voting "yes" or "no". To make these games work for any allocation, I assigned a payoff of [0,100] to paths where the allocation is passed.
I first considered the case where P6 is allocating and P7 is voting and made the extensive form game of this. I found subgame perfect nash equilibrium and the proposal to fail. Next I made an extensive form game when P5 allocates and P6 and P7 votes. Some payoffs were found by using the result of the previous game. The proposal passes this time. But now I couldn't find the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium when P4 allocates and P5, P6, P7 vote because I didn't know which payoffs were better for some players (because I was allocating [0,100] to paths where proposals passed. To be more specific, there were paths where one strategy would lead to a payoff of [0,100] that P4 allocated and the other would lead to [0,100] that P5 allocated).
The whole point of me making these games was to hopefully find some pattern to each player's actions, but the case when P4 allocates stopped that plan. The only pattern I figured out was P7 always votes "No" when there are 2 or less voters.
Besides this, I don't know how to proceed. Any help at all is appreciated.
EDIT: I forgot an important part of the question. The question states:
focus on subgame perfect Nash equilibria when players vote "no" when they are indifferent between voting for or against it. I apologize for my carelessness.


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31 March 2008 15:45
How To Optimize Your Site With HTTP Caching | BetterExplainedby nhoizey & 2 others
Caching is a great example of the ubiquitous time-space tradeoff in programming. You can save time by using space to store results. Fewer downloads means a faster, happier site.
1 (1 marks)


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From Teasing to Torment: School Climate Revisited, A Survey of U.S. Secondary School Students and Teachers provides an in-depth look at the current landscape of bias and peer victimization as reported by students and teachers from across the nation. In addition to examining various types of bias, including those based on race/ethnicity, religion, body size, and ability, this report provides a focused look at LGBTQ issues in secondary schools. Comparing findings to a similar survey we conducted in 2005, the report discusses the progress that has been made over the past ten years, as well as highlights the challenges that remain. It also offers recommendations and strategies to improve school climate for all students.
Specifically, the research report addresses:
- Student and teacher perceptions of school climate;
- Student experiences of safety, bullying, and harassment, including biased incidents based on race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, body size, gender, religion, ability, economic status, and gender expression;
- Teacher intervention in bullying and incidents of bias;
- LGBT-supportive teacher practices, such as advising GSA or including LGBT content in teaching;
- Teacher professional development (pre-service and in-service) in bullying, diversity, and LGBT issues; and
- Differences in students' school experiences based on race/ethnicity, LGBTQ status, gender nonconformity, and geography (i.e., urbanicity, region), among others.
- Eighty-three Thousand Youth: Selected Findings of Eight Population-Based Studies
- The 2009 National School Climate Survey: The Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Youth in Our Nation's Schools
- From Teasing to Torment: School Climate Revisited - A Survey of U.S. Secondary School Students and Teachers, Executive Summary
Published By
- Copyright 2016 GLSEN
Document Type
This web page is marked up with Schema.org microdata and formatted for machine-reading. Here's why that matters. Have a peek at what a machine sees here .Title: From Teasing to Torment: School Climate Revisited - A Survey of U.S. Secondary School Students and Teachers
Publication date 2016-09-21
Publication Year 2016
Authors Christian Villenas , Emily A. Greytak , Joseph G. Kosciw , Noreen M. Giga
Copyright holder(s) GLSEN
Geographical Focus North America / United States
Keywords school climate , LGBT , bullying , bullying and harassment , gender expression
Document type Report/Whitepaper , Survey
Language English
URL: https://www.issuelab.org/resource/from-teasing-to-torment-school-climate-revisited-a-survey-of-u-s-secondary-school-students-and-teachers.html
Resource provided by IssueLab


text:
is rain-splotched
from a long walk home.
You're shy, just bad-tempered enough
to refuse an umbrella or car.
At the center of my heart, I listen
for the hydroplane of your shoes in the hall.
I anticipate the underwater look in your eyes,
your full damp-wool embrace,
the scent of your hair
in my face,
like an expensive hand-rolled Cuban cigar.
|Puddle, 1952, M. C. Escher
Join The Mag creative writing group.


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Here are three Andray Blatche-related headlines since Tuesday, January 8, when news broke that Blatche had somehow been involved in an alleged rape—if in no other way, then by having rented the room in which the alleged rape took place: "Andray Blatche 'not worried at all,'" from ESPN, "Blatche Focuses on Job as Inquiry Continues," from the New York Times, and "Nets' Carlesimo: No Conversation After Blatche Questioned In Sex Assault Investigation," from CBS New York.
A little odd, no? Wouldn't you at least want to talk to your sixth man a bit about allegations that he'd witnessed and perhaps abetted a pair of serious sexual assaults? After all, the night, according to the victim herself, went like this:
At that point in the night, the 21-year-old believes she was drugged.
"I think I was already. I had to be already. Because it was like slowly...I was, I felt strange," the student said.
They then went back to Blatche's suite at the Four Seasons where the alleged victim, who admits to drinking, says she passed out on the bed.
"It was like I was asleep, but I was still conscious. I heard everything that was around me, but I couldn't, I couldn't move ...and not long after that that was when the first guy came in. It was like he rolled me over and had his way," the student said.
She says Blatche and another man watched from the door.
"And then the other guy came in, the short one with the dreads and then he had his way. It was like they kept peeking in. He went to the door a few times, opened the door, and then they were all three at the door," she said.
The alleged victim says Blatche entered next.
"He peeked in the room just like the other two. He just didn't - when he came in, he didn't have intercourse with me," the student said.
But she says, the player did nothing to stop the alleged assault.
"He was not oblivious. He was aware the whole time," she said of Blatche.
It would be tough for the league to find grounds to discipline Blatche—he hasn't been charged with anything—but the NBA apparently hasn't even coached the Nets on how to respond to inquiries regarding the case. WFAN asked Nets coach P.J. Carlesimo whether he'd discussed the allegations with Blatche, and Carlesimo said "no": "I didn't get into any of that with any - you know, my job is to coach the roster that Billy gives me"—he followed up with, " "No. Uh-uh. We just - we went and played." To the Times, Carlesimo added, "I don't liken the situations, but a lot of people wondered how he was going to play in Washington the first time back, the way it ended there, and he played very well." (In Washington, fans booed Blatche because he'd been overpaid and a pernicious influence on the Wizards.)
Blatche agreed, saying "I'm not going to let nothing distract me," and he brushed ESPN off with a flat "no" when asked "whether he needs to re-evaluate whom he associates with and whether he's concerned about further damaging his reputation."
The Nets are 7-1 under Carlesimo, and Blatche has averaged 23 minutes, 17.5 points and 7.5 rebounds in two Nets victories since the night in which he allegedly witnessed two of his friends rape someone in his hotel room. The NBA hasn't declared any further intentions with regard to Blatche, and the Philadelphia Police Commissioner said of the case, "He was there, but he was not involved."


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MORGANTOWN, W.Va. (AP) A West Virginia University mascot who got in trouble for using his uniform musket to kill a bear has been cited for another problem - not wearing blaze orange during the bear hunt.
Mountaineers mascot Jonathan Kimble wears buckskin and a coonskin cap and fires the musket - loaded with black powder but minus ammunition - at home athletic events.
Kimble wasn't wearing the required hunter orange when he shot a black bear Dec. 3. The kill was legal but triggered a public outcry after Kimble posted a video online.
State Division of Natural Resources spokesman Hoy Murphy says hunters are required to wear 400 square inches of the high-visibility color for safety reasons.
Kimble has agreed to stop hunting with the musket. He didn't immediately comment Wednesday.


text: Freshen Up Your Valentine Gift Giving with Unique Ideas With Valentine's less than a month away, you could say we are officially in the season of love, no? Why not get a head start on that gift for your special someone and surprise them with something that truly speaks to their heart? From gifts for your kids, to your significant other, and maybe even a secret admirer or two, PointShop Mall has the unique ideas you need to show them the love. Ease into Your Healthiest Year Ever With a New Year upon us, it's the perfect time to start afresh, shed old habits, and implement new ones. But it's also the hardest time of the year to do that, isn't it? With the stress of the holiday's only days behind, getting a healthy start on the New Year can be quite a challenge for many of us. But, take heart. Easing into a healthy year is still starting over. Follow our simple tips on how to make this your healthiest year ever.


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With Solid 1.25% Silver-Plated Conductors
Treat yourself to high-performance Cinnamon from AudioQuest's 'Indulgence Series' of HDMI cables. Boasting solid 1.25% silver-plated Long-Grain Copper (LGC) conductors, Cinnamon delivers low jitter, low distortion audio as well as superb picture quality. Cinnamon's signal conductors are controlled for digital audio direction. The bi-directional Ethernet communication and audio return channel is enabled.
The Indulgence Series of HDMI Cables
AudioQuest has a well-earned reputation as a manufacturer of exceptional analog video cables. However, the advent of HDMI in 2004 presented a new set of design challenges that needed to be solved. In order for AudioQuest to maximize audio and video cable performance over HDMI, new materials and higher levels of manufacturing precision were employed to handle the high-speed, wide-bandwidth signals of HDMI.
While the basic blueprint for HDMI cable construction was established by the HDMI steering committee (HDMI, LLC), AQ examined areas that could be optimized within the established framework.
Several of the analog audio and video design elements that have proven so important over the years turned out to be meaningful to HDMI signal design. Solid core conductor technology, conductor metallurgy, insulation material and overall precision of manufacture have all been carefully optimized to create a superior line of HDMI cables.
The Next Evolution of HDMI Cable Performance
With the Indulgence Series of HDMI cable, AudioQuest is proud to introduce the next evolution of HDMI cable performance. Why the word "indulgence"? When we set aside the time for audio/video entertainment in the home we are, after all, allowing ourselves a bit of well-earned personal indulgence. We allow ourselves time for emotional transportation via video and sound.
There are huge differences in the sound of HDMI cables. As part of AudioQuest's re-examination of HDMI cable design, specific attention was paid to maximizing the sonic performance of HDMI. While we've been aware of this since HDMI's introduction, AQ's Indulgence HDMI series push the HDMI sonic performance to new levels. While test equipment is excellent at tracking control errors or ensuring data pass through, no computer can compete with the human ear when it comes to perceiving the subtle but crucial audio errors and distortion that can reduce the enjoyment of your home theater system.
The Engineering and Construction Edge
AudioQuest begins with Long-Grain Copper (LGC) and adds increasing amounts of silver-plate culminating in Diamond HDMI, whose 5 primary signal pairs are made using solid Perfect-Surface Silver (PSS). AQ listens to each primary signal conductor in every Indulgence HDMI cable to determine proper conductor orientation. Solid Polyethylene insulation ensures stable conductor geometry while minimizing insulation induced phase distortion. On the two top HDMI cables, Coffee and Diamond, AudioQuest's patented Dielectric-Bias System (DBS) polarizes the insulation on the 5 primary signal pairs, providing a drop in the perceived noise floor and an increase in dynamic contrast.
Groundbreaking Video Performance
While the focus of the Indulgence Series HDMI cables is groundbreaking audio, video performance is hardly an afterthought. All Indulgence HDMI cables are High Speed compliant up to and including 8 meters and all will transfer 1080P / 120 Hz / 4K / 3D video.
All Indulgence HDMI cables deliver 100% of the data required for 120 Hz / 240 Hz / 600 Hz displays. All AudioQuest Indulgence series HDMI are 100% QC tested to pass 1080P at every length and all contain the 5th twisted pair for the new Ethernet and Audio Return Channel options.
AudioQuest Indulgence HDMI cables have been designed to maximize your audio and video experience. So, indulge yourself!
Lengths up to 3M in dark PVC jacket w/red stripes. 5M to 12M in white PVC CL3/FT4 rated jacket. 0.6M to 8.0M High Speed HDMI w/Ethernet connection. 12M-20M Standard Speed HDMI w/Ethernet Connection.
|AudioQuest Cinnamon HDMI Digital Video Cable Product Reviews


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63:16 minutes (14.48 MB)
This is a great show, the chat is below and you will love listening to the Aussies! This is the first show we had hosting 8 people in the SKYPE. This is our first show where we were live in 2 days July 10 and July 11.
Join us!
Here is the agenda!


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Procedural law provides the process that a case will go through (whether it goes to trial or not). The procedural law determines how a proceeding concerning the enforcement of substantive law will occur. Substantive law defines how the facts in the case will be handled, as well as how the crime is to be charged. In essence, it deals with the substance of the matter. Even though both are affected by Supreme Court opinions and subject to constitutional interpretations, each serves a different function in the criminal justice system.
Some Basic Rules of Criminal Procedure
Procedural law is exactly what the name implies. It sets out the procedure for how a criminal case will proceed. Every state has its own set of procedures which are usually written out in a set of rules called a code of criminal procedure. The basic rules which most jurisdictions follow include:
- An arrest must be based on probable cause;
- A state or federal prosecutor files a charging instrument setting out what you are accused of doing;
- You are arraigned on the charges;
- You advise the court whether or not you are seeking court-appointed counsel;
- A bond amount will be set in your case;
- You will be sent notice of a court appearance;
- If you cannot reach a plea bargain agreement, then your case is set for a pre-trial and trial;
- If you are convicted at trial, you have the right to appeal.
Punishment Systems Differ
How much detail is required for each phase of the criminal procedures will vary depending on the nature of your charges and what agency is prosecuting you. For example, Texas has a bi-furcated trial system where first you must be found guilty, and then the jury can hear punishment evidence. A jury is given a range of punishment to assess in your case. The range of punishment for a first degree felony is not less than five years and up to ninety-nine years or life. This is in stark contrast to the federal procedural law. Federal judges assess punishment and are required to utilize federal sentencing guidelines instead of a wide range system. A federal defendant's criminal history will be researched and summarized in a report by a federal probation officer. It's much easier to predict what your sentence will be in the federal system because the punishment procedures are based on a point system.
Substantive Law and Elements
Substantive law, on the other hand, deals with the "substance" of your charges. Every charge is comprised of elements. Elements are the specific acts needed to complete a crime. Substantive law requires that the prosecutor prove every element of a crime in order for someone to be convicted of that crime. What elements are required will depend on the crime with which you are charged and the state's substantive laws. For example, for a felony driving while intoxicated charge, most states require prosecutors to prove that:
- You were driving or operating a motor vehicle;
- On a public roadway;
- While you were intoxicated;
- And that you have prior convictions for driving while intoxicated.
In New Mexico, the prosecutor must show that you have previously been convicted three times for driving while intoxicated, while substantive law in Texas only requires the prosecutor to prove two prior convictions.
Because substantive law and procedural laws vary by state, and sometimes even by county, make sure you consult with an experienced criminal law attorney in your jurisdiction if you are charged with a crime. They will be more familiar with the rules and can help you invoke the protections outlined in the procedural and substantive laws of your state.


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"I never thought I would become the woman I am today," says Constance, as she slowly beaded a necklace. "I was a bad character before."
Constance (a pseudonym), aged 24, speaks matter-of-factly about her teenage years as a sex worker on the streets of Lusaka, Zambia. She entered the world through peer pressure and remained in it for several years. "I would see four, sometimes five clients a day," she says. "It's difficult unless you also do some drugs."
Soon after Constance's 18th birthday, in 2006, a representative from Tasintha visited the street where she would often pick up clients. Tasintha, which means "deep transformation" in the Chewa language, is a nonprofit organization that helps prostitutes reform their lives. The organization started in 1992 with the hope of curbing the HIV pandemic. Since then, it has touched the lives of more than 6,000 sex workers in four locations in Zambia.
RELATED: Think you know Africa? Take our geography quiz.
The first step in Tasintha's approach is recruitment. Volunteers – many of whom are reformed sex workers – visit the bars and streets where sex workers
often line up for clients on weekend nights.
Conversations start casually. "We don't tell the girls that we don't like what they are doing," says Clotilda Phiri, the organization's coordinator. "And you usually have to go back several times. Some of them can be quite nasty. Over time, some will start to tell you that they're not happy."
When Tasintha first approached Constance, she was skeptical but intrigued.Several days later, she decided to visit the office to find out more. She learned that Tasintha offers psychological counseling, spiritual healing, educational support, and practical trainings in a range of income-generating activities. International donors, including The Global Fund, provide anti-retroviral drugs to women living with HIV.
Constance decided to join the organization, and through it, learned how to tailor and bead necklaces. She also found solace in the organization's weekly spiritual seminars, in which pastors read from the Bible and ask attendees to share their experiences. Most recently, Tasintha has supported her seeking a degree in information technology.
Like most women with whom Tasintha works, Constance did not stop her sex work immediately. "I won't lie, I didn't change the first day I came to Tasintha," she admitted. "If I met an old client, sometimes I would go with him."
There were some economic considerations to her decisions. "It takes six months to know tailoring," Constance says, and during that process, she was not earning much money from her craft. By contrast, she could earn up to 500,000 kwacha ($90) a night as a sex worker, which enabled her to live well in Lusaka.
Tasintha insists that sex workers must continue living in their neighborhoods during the difficult change process. "If you take someone away to a retreat, they could revert to sex work when they return," Ms. Phiri says. Tasintha instead asks its beneficiaries to stand up to the inevitable heckling from their neighbors and emerge more wholly transformed.
Tasintha has, over the last 20 years, learned a lot about how sex work functions in Zambia.
"We believe sex work in Africa is poverty driven," Phiri says. Girls enter the trade as young as 12. Some are trafficked, but more often, they enter sex work to earn money for themselves or their families. Many have sad backgrounds – impoverished families, abuse, abandonment, or being orphaned at an early age. Janet, another Tasintha beneficiary, spoke of growing up with an abusive uncle who refused to give her as much food as his biological children.
Unlike many parts of the world, "pimps" are not central to sex work in Zambia. Most sex workers develop their client bases independently or through peers. As a result, peer groups can be crucial to one's decision to leave the business. Janet started to think about getting out of sex work when she saw her friends dying of HIV and being murdered by clients.
"I was scared, but didn't know where to turn," she says. "I tried going to the church, but the pastor would scold me. I needed to be nurtured."
Two years ago, the police rounded up a group of sex workers and left them at Tasintha. Janet found the organization to be far less judgmental of sex work than most of Zambian society, which is deeply Christian and moralistic. She appreciated the way Tasintha staff spoke to her – as a human, instead of a pariah.
Janet has since been working in tailoring and textile trading. She was also recently reunited with her daughter, who she had left on her mother's doorstep 15 years prior, and got married earlier this year. "I don't want to go back to my old life," she said. "I'm too scared of contracting HIV."
For all its success stories, though, Tasintha has some important limitations. Most of its training programs – including tailoring, jewelry making, catering, brickmaking, and chicken keeping – are designed for women with limited education levels. Women with high school or university degrees can, Phiri laments, quickly become bored in these programs. Some of the income-generating activities are also less lucrative than sex work, especially if one finds clients at five-star hotels. Without viable alternatives to sex work, some potential beneficiaries leave the program altogether.
Tasintha also struggles with sex workers who want to stay in the business. They have a "safe sex program," which distributes condoms to sex workers. It is especially active in Chirundu, a border town with Zimbabwe where demand for sex work is high. But it fits uncomfortably with the organization's mission to help women leave sex work behind.
Still, the organization's nonjudgmental approach has worked for many of its beneficiaries. Constance, for instance, sees a life ahead of her with endless possibilities. "Now I say no if I meet an old client," she says. "Once you come out of that life, there's no need to ever go back. The money in the streets wasn't pure. I can make money so many other ways now."
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text: Isha is a cinematic work-in-progress both literally and figuratively. Recently a 15-minute screening, as well as actual location shoot happened back-to-back at Long Island City's Clocktower Gallery as part of the ongoing How Much Do I Owe You? exhibition. It's a ballsey attempt by Indian writer/director Meenakshi Thirukode to break into show biz and the art world in one fell swoop. Some of it is good, some not so good. But, as they might say in a Busby Berklee musical, "The girl's certainly got moxie."


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About Myself
Yo, I'm Matt Roszak, also known as Kupo Games. (previously kupo707, or matt-likes-swords) I'm a 28 year old indie game developer from Canada, who lives in Glasgow, Scotland. My family is mostly Polish.
My work can be found on Kongregate, Armor Games, Newgrounds, and many other websites. I work with Adobe Flash and publish games for the web, and for Steam. I'm best known for creating the Epic Battle Fantasy series of turn-based RPGs, and their spinoff titles, Bullet Heaven and Adventure Story. You can find a lot of my games on Steam these days, but they're still up on Kongregate and Newgrounds too.
You can contact me at: kupo707 AT hotmail DOT com
Or just leave a comment on this website. I try to read all comments on all accounts that I control, including Discord, Twitter, Facebook, DeviantArt, Steam, Kongregate, and Newgrounds.
My Current Projects
I'm working on Epic Battle Fantasy 5!
The game is out now, but I'm still working on it – I've got a lot of extra content still planned for it!
It's the project that just never ends!
About this Website
On this site you'll find:
- All of my games.
- News and updates relating to my games.
- Previews and demos of upcoming games.
- Miscellaneous art that I do.
- Fanart from players.
- My opinions on games that I play and other stuff.
- Boring blogs about what I do in my free time.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What software, programming language, or game engine, do you use to make your games?
A: I use Adobe Flash. CC2015 is probably my favourite version. I now use Actionscript 3 for programming. I used Actionscript 2 for Epic Battle Fantasy 3 and earlier games.
For Bullet Heaven 2 and Cat Cafe I also used the Starling and DragonBones frameworks to get some hardware acceleration in there.
Q: How do I make games?
A: I studied Computing Science at University, so I've got some programming, project management and design skills from that. There's plenty of resources online too, so just do some Googling. It might be worth getting a book or two on the subject as well. O'Reilly's Actionscript books are pretty good, and also the ActionScript 3 Bible.
What language you learn isn't too important, because most of the skills will be transferrable. Just go do some programming in whatever language you like or have available. Make some prototypes. Draw and animate some stuff. You can practice on some user-friendly engines like RPG Maker, so you can learn some game design without much programming. There's tons of options, but I just use Flash, so I can't recommend much. Flash is expensive so you'll have to pirate it if you're a noob – or just subscribe to Adobe Creative Cloud for a month or two.
Either way, it's going to take you years of practice to make anything decent with any engine. That's the important part.
Also, check out my dissertation for an in-depth look at the development of Adventure Story.
Q: How do I send you fanart that I made?
A: Just post it somewhere public like DeviantArt, Facebook or Newgrounds and send me a link to it on any site that I use (DA, FB, NG, Kongregate etc…). If it's good I'll feature it on my blogs (or even in my games!).
Q: Why do my save files keep getting deleted in Flash games?
A: This is caused by browser privacy settings, and tools that delete cookies. Just make sure you don't delete cookies. Use Google to find out how to change the settings on your browser, or whatever cleaning tools you're using. Bullet Heaven 2 has an option to backup your saves in a text file, and EBF5 will have that too.
Or you can just buy the Steam versions of my games to avoid this problem!
Q: Are any of the characters in your games based on real people?
A: Just Matt, Ronja, and some of the boring NPCs.
Got any other questions? Just leave them in the comments.


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I have old software (will run from a CD) in both a Mac OSX (10.5.8) and Mac OS9 version which I would like to run on Mt Lion, MacBook Pro 2012. A very similar question has been asked and answered here, my question differs in that the software is on a CD and is run from the CD, local installation is not required. Does this change the answers that can be found at link below, addressing installation of the old software on the same machine running Mt Lion. Thanks for any feed back.
See Is there a way to install and use PowerPC applications on Intel Macs?


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Rosetta Stone Inc. (NYSE: RST) is dedicated to changing people's lives through the power of language and literacy education. The company's innovative, personalized language and reading programs drive positive learning outcomes in thousands of schools, businesses, government organizations and for millions of individual learners around the world.
Founded in 1992, Rosetta Stone pioneered the use of interactive software to accelerate language learning and is widely recognized today as the industry leader in providing effective language programs. The company's cloud-based programs allow users to learn online or on-the-go via tablet or smartphone, whether in a classroom, in a corporate setting, or in a personal learning environment. Rosetta Stone is also a leader in the literacy education space, helping millions of students build fundamental reading skills through its Lexia Learning division.
Rosetta Stone is based in Arlington, VA, and has offices and operations around the world. For more information, visit www.rosettastone.com. "Rosetta Stone" is a registered trademark or trademark of Rosetta Stone Ltd. in the United States and other countries.
Work for Rosetta Stone
We are world-travelers, writers, singers, and gamers. Thrill-seekers, athletes, students, and teachers. Parents, innovators, readers—and so much more. We all share a passion for building a world in which everyone can speak, read, and write with confidence.
Our innovative, technology-based language, literacy, and brain fitness solutions are used by thousands of schools, businesses, and government organizations—and millions of learners around the world.
We are Rosetta Stone—and we are dedicated to helping people change their lives through the power of language and literacy education. Join our passionate, energetic, and international team and add your talents to Who We Are!


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Deaconesses were an order in the primitive Christian Church. Information is sparse as to their activities at the time, though it is clear they were mostly involved with ministering to other women and girls.
It being improper for males to be physically handling women, deaconesses were commissioned to assist especially in baptism and chrismation.
It is an anachronism to say deaconesses did not perform the same liturgical role as deacons in the early church. That is imputing back in time to deacons a role which they were given considerably later in Church history.
In the early church it is highly likely that deaconesses performed the same liturgical role as deacons, and quite likely more, because of the taboo on (male) priests touching female neophytes, or touching females requiring the sacrament of holy oil for the sick.
It is likely that the actual application of the holy oil onto the body of the women being chrismated was done by the deaconess, and not the priest. The priest did the praying and supervised, but did not touch. Deacons would not have performed this role. As there was no taboo on the priest physically applying the oil to male candidates, there was no need for deacons to be involved in this.
The Japanese Orthodox Church from its inception in the later half of the nineteenth century had some deaconesses. Japan's first bishop Saint Nicholas Kasatkin had a number of deaconesses during his tenure.
At the same time the Russian Orthodox Church, Japan's mother Church, had deaconesses. It seems from the scant material available that the Russian Church has always had deaconesses.
The Greek Orthodox Church has had deaconesses intermittently over the recent centuries, and appears to have usually had deaconesses in its female monasteries from time immemorial.
The Russian Orthodox Church still has deaconesses. [1]
In female monasteries the role of a deaconess seems necessary for the good order and function of the monastery church. It is more seemly than having male deacons involved there.
The question of having deaconesses perform the liturgical role of deacons in parish churches or cathedrals is a different matter and should be the subject of separate discussion.


text:
>Sperm In Test Tubes, Women Rule
Yankee Wizard Network Weekly Summary
Last Week's Best From The Yankee Wizard Network
(the Network is comprised of some 30 web sites under the Wizard umbrella)
· FEC Is Investigating Obama's 2008 Election Fund Raising
Don White
Conservatives have wondered for a long time why the Federal Election Commission didn't investigate Barak Obama's fund raising for the 2008 presidential election. Since he didn't take any federal money, his campaign funds weren't, as a matter of course, investigated. But now FEC investigators are looking into possible fraud on the part of Obama and his campaign operatives.
Glenn Beck Chronicles
· War And Globalization: The Truth Behind 9/11
This video "9/11, Globalization, and Total War"
has proven to be one of our most persistently
popular videos. War Talk Blog
has proven to be one of our most persistently
popular videos. War Talk Blog
· Ayn Rand Wrote Some Steamy, Not Explicit, Sex Scenes
Atlas Shrugged, First Published in the U.S. In 1957 Had Conservative Views
Some folks still erroneously believe that sex is on the rise. What? We didn't have sex scenes in great books before? Not true. The classics had sex scenes, and that includes Shakespeare and Atlas Shrugged, published 54 years ago. But in these classics they weren't so abundant and explicit. It is true that the world is becoming more secular and sinful. While belief in God may be temporarily waning in Europe and in other places, among spiritual people—especially in the Americas— faith in God couldn't be more intense and people more faithful. There is a prophet living on the earth today and he speaks to God and relays truth and optimism to all who will hear, especially at this Easter time. These are thoughts of the Savior, Jesus Christ, and of his atonement for the sins of mankind. The living prophet's name is Thomas S. Monson, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints..
Yankee Wizard
· Who Should I Marry?
A week ago I presented twenty areas of discussion all couples should not only think about before getting married, but completely discuss with their prospective spouse. To maintain continuity, we have decided to reprint the entire article here including footnotes.
Sant Julia de Loria and Don White
· Why Won't The Government Tell Us the Truth?
Damian Cambell
Thursday, 4/14/2011
Dear Fellow Patriot,
My name is Damian Cambell… and I've got some disturbing news for you.
To warn you it's got me so angry I can't see straight…
Discrimination Unchecked
· Thanks To OmG.Facts.Com We Know More About Amazons
A tribe that has never made contact with civilization has been revealed to the public in Brazil.
Family History
· Church of Jesus Christ Of Latter-day Saints History Lesson
In subsequent articles, I will present five or six missionary lessons, albeit abbreviated because of space restraints. These lessons will pertain to missionary service as well. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a missionary church. That is, from early in its history, the Prophet Joseph Smith sent missionaries throughout the land, then later to foreign countries. First to Canada and then Mexico, but also Great Britain and Denmark. "Every member a missionary" became a reality, as this church has no paid ministry.
Church Wire
· What Is Obama's Big Lie?
When Did The Devil Get Hold Of Those Nasty Democrats
By Don White
Political Disconnect
· Let Government Shut Down–Soon Libs Will Become Tea Party Advocates, Too
How The U.S. Tax And Spending Cookie Crumbles
By Don White
Getting America Right
· Oama Is President Without A Country, What's He Doing In The Oval Office?
THE PRESIDENT WITHOUT A COUNTRY by Pat Boone
"Crude Oil" to: http://www.platts.com/ProductList/Oil/Trader


text:
The Jasper News-Boy (Jasper, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 23, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 7, 1871
Description: Weekly newspaper from Jasper, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with some advertising.
Date: September 7, 1871
Creator: Kellie, Edward I.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Newspaper
Partner: The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History


text:
£120.00 each
Stunning quality original pull handles cast from solid brass with elegant fixed pull. A great addition to an entrance door or double doors where just a pull is needed. Each come with a beautiful natural patina that only many years of use and time creates.
Standard UK delivery £4.95 (aim 3 - 5 working days)
Express UK delivery £7.95 (next working day if ordered before midday)
UK Highlands and Islands £15.50 (aim 3-5 working days)
Ordering from Overseas? No problem, click here
Fear not, we have a flexible 28 day returns policy, click here.


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Researchers at the University of Michigan have figured out that sexting isn't the deviant act of exhibtionism old people who remember the age of typewriters and phonographs seem to think it is. It's just, like, how young folks these days are exploring their sexuality.
The study, recently published in the Journal of Adolescent Health, examined the sexting behavior of 3,447 men and women between the ages of 18 and 34 and discovered that while sending genital snapshots is really common, it isn't linked to risky sexual behavior (other than the wide dissemination of private parts) or psychological disorders. Co-principal researcher on the study Jose Bauermeister said that the findings should help reverse the negative perception the news media-gobbling public has of sexting as a deviant or even criminal behavior.
Co-author Debbie Gordon-Messer admitted that the study group was considerably older than the preteen sexters often featured in the news. "For younger age groups," she explained, "legality is an issue. They are also in a very different place in their sexual development."
Though previous studies have focused on sexting demographics, this is the first study, according to Bauermeister, to connect sexting with behavioral outcome. Participants were asked questions about the number of partners with whom they'd had unprotected sex. Sexters, as it turned out, didn't report riskier sexual behavior than non-sexters, which means that people who sext aren't just power-drunk elected officials who want to show off their pectoral muscles or boxer brief bulges — they're just human beings trying to connect and find some meaning in this crazy, mixed-up world of indecent cell phone pictures.
For young adults, 'sexting' just part of dating [Futurity]
Image via luca amedei/Shutterstock.


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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides an integrated framework for action aimed at markedly improving the lives of the world's people, protecting the Earth's natural resources, and fostering peaceful, just and inclusive societies. Given the critical interlinkages among peace, development and human rights and the importance of an integrated system-wide response to challenges that threaten to undermine sustainable development, an analytical framework on risk and resilience was developed to provide a more proactive, risk-informed and prevention-centered approach to United Nations system efforts in support of the 2030 Agenda.
Please note: only publishing dates after March 2013 may be considered reliable.
Pages tagged with Disaster risk reduction
Date published
During the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States, UN Secretary-General BAN Ki-moon, as Chair of the CEB, will host a high-level event on "The UN system partnering for the people of SIDS". The event builds on the joint CEB statement to the Conference that was endorsed by the Board in May 2014.
The Board considered the issue of mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into United Nations development policies and practices following a request from the Secretary-General for CEB to take up the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action: 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. In that context, the importance of a coherent United Nations system approach in helping countries to reduce the risk of disasters and in integrating disaster risk considerations into sustainable development strategies was stressed.
Employment toolkit; United Nations system action plan for the further implementation of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries during the period 2007 2010; Aid for trade; Peacebuilding; Disaster reduction; Rights of persons with disabilities; UN-Energy, UN-Water and UN-Oceans; Trade capacity-building.
While Chief Executives Board considered a number of substantive programme issues during the reporting period, the issues of climate change and support to development in Africa featured high on the Board's agenda. The nature and scope of those issues require that they be addressed through a coordinated and sustained effort that CEB is well positioned to provide.
The Board reviewed the progress made towards mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in the policies and strategies in the United Nations system. Given the growing frequency and severity of natural disasters in recent years, CEB agreed on the need to consider disaster risk reduction as a cross-cutting issue at all levels, and endorsed the following actions by entities of the United Nations system:
Evaluation; Regional coherence; Campaign to end violence against women and girls; Contribution of the United Nations system to the Economic and Social Council; Disaster risk reduction; Science and technology; International Public Sector Accounting Standards; Knowledge-sharing; Human resources; Procurement; Collaboration with the Joint Inspection Unit; Coordination among pillars of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination
Deeply concerned about the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan on 11 March 2011 and the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, CEB considered the issue of disaster risk reduction at its spring 2011 session. The situation in Japan has given rise to calls to reassess the international emergency response framework and the nuclear safety regime as well as ways to ensure the highest possible standards to safeguard health, food supply and the environment.
Follow-up to the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals; Climate Change; United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development; Sustainable energy and biodiversity; Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries; Disaster risk reduction.
Reducing disaster risk is fundamental to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, adopted at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in March 2015, aims to protect peoples' lives and livelihoods from disasters. In April 2016, CEB adopted a revised "UN Plan of Action on Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience" to guide the UN system's support to implementing the Sendai Framework and the broader 2030 Agenda
CEB addressed the issue of mainstreaming cross-cutting issues into the work of its member organizations by developing concrete tools, instruments and processes with regard to gender mainstreaming, human rights and disaster risk reduction, in support of intergovernmental decisions calling for coordinated system-wide actions in those areas.
Strengthening United Nations system support for sustainable development; Accelerating the mainstreaming of cross-cutting issues into the work of United Nations system organizations; Strengthening United Nations coordination for sustainable development challenges ahead.
The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) builds on the achievements of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction and facilitates disaster reduction efforts worldwide.