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The Freedom Trail Quilt project and the display of the quilts in the Museum of Connecticut History represent an acknowledgement by public and private groups of the great significance of the Freedom Trail story within the history of Connecticut and the nation.
Goffe Street School
New Haven
Heather A. Williams
The former Goffe Street School was built in 1864 to provide a much-needed facility for African American children. It closed ten years later, after Connecticut ended racially segregated education, and many of its former students attended predominantly white public schools. Subsequently used by a number of organizations working with the African American community, the building was purchased in 1929 by the Grand Lodge of Prince Hall Masons of Connecticut. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places and is known as Widow's Son Lodge #1.
Milford Cemetery
Laura Harden
Located throughout Connecticut are graves of the African Americans who fought in the American Revolution. However, stones or markers seem to exist for only a few of them. In the town cemetery in Milford, to the right of the long driveway, is a monument dedicated to American Revolutionary War prisoners whom townspeople tried to save when the prisoners were abandoned by the British. At the foot of this monument is a large white stone listing the names of Milford's soldiers who served in the war.
Trowbridge Square
New Haven
Heather A. Williams
The noted abolitionist Simeon Jocelyn developed Trowbridge Square in the 1830s in partnership with architect and builder Isaac Thompson. The area was established for New Haven's low-income working class population and was meant to be a model egalitarian residential community populated by African Americans and whites.
Amistad Memorial
New Haven
Dixwell Senior Center: Sadie Holley, Mattie Dew, Ann Louther, Florence Cables, Shirley Wilcox, Irrita Osborne, Charlotte Williams
This memorial, dedicated in 1992, pays tribute to Joseph Cinque and the other Africans who escaped slavery in 1839 by commandeering the Spanish ship Amistad. The memorial was created by Ed Hamilton and stands where the New Haven Jail was located at the time the African captives were housed there.
First Baptist Church of Milford
Heather A. Williams
Memorial to six black soldiers from Milford who served in the Revolutionary War: Job Caesar, Pomp Cyrus, Juba Freeman, Peter Gibbs, William Sower, Congo Zado. Dedicated at a special ceremony in 1976, it is displayed in front of the First Baptist Church, an African American Congregation.
Nero Hawley's Grave
Tamora Syphrett
Nero Hawley was one of numerous slaves in Connecticut who joined the Continental Army during the American Revolution and were freed at the end of the war. He served at Valley Forge, and his life is featured in the book From Valley Forge to Freedom, which also notes other areas of Trumbull associated with Hawley's life. Hawley died in 1817 at the age of 75. Riverside Cemetery is a short walk off Daniel's Farm Road and near Route 127. Hawley's grave is in the center row, near the far end of this small cemetery.
New Haven Colony Historical Society
New Haven
Ruth Anderson
Is a Colonial Revival style building that contains many New Haven artifacts, including a portrait of Joseph Cinque, the leader of the Africans who revolted on the Amistad.
Lantern Block
The North Star and lantern are the key elements of the logo of the Connecticut Freedom Trail.
Grove Street Cemetery
New Haven
Heather A. Williams
This cemetery opened in 1796 and replaced the Old Burial Ground located on the New Haven Green. Many New Haven residents who were well known in American life are buried here. The cemetery includes the graves of those active in the abolition movement, as well as those associated with African American history.
Walter's Memorial A.M.E. Zion Church
Cynthia Norton, Claudia Green
Walter's Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church has been located at this site since 1882. When its original structure was destroyed by fire in 1951, the current building was erected on the surviving foundation. The building is one of the few reminders of an earlier African American Community known as "Little Liberia." Made up of free blacks, former slaves and their descendants, and migrants from the South, this community supported two churches, a school, and a number of individual homes
Long Wharf
New Haven
Renny Loisel, Heather A. Williams
Was part of New Haven's port system before the steamship changed the way goods were brought into the United States. The life-size working replica of the Amistad is docked here. This ship offers exhibitions and programs on African American history, and sails to other ports to participate in events.
Washburn Tavern
Heather A. Williams
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Dixwell Congregational Church
New Haven
Dorothy Harper
Was founded in 1820 under the direction of Simeon Jocelyn. In 1829, it affiliated with Congregationalists and became known as Temple Street Congregational Church. Its first African American minister was James W.C. Pennington, and from 1841 to 1858 Amos Gerry Beman was the pastor. Both were well-known African American leaders in the United States. During Beman's ministry, the growth of the church made it necessary to relocate the congregation to a new building. By 1836, the church moved to Dixwell Avenue, where it developed numerous community programs under the Reverend Edward Goin. These programs later became associated with the Dixwell Community House. The present structure was built in 1968.
Varick Memorial A.M.E. Zion Church
New Haven
Heather A. Williams
Varick African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church was organized in 1818 when more than 30 African Americans left the Methodist Church to form their own congregation. In 1820, it became officially affiliated with the Zionist church movement of James Varick, who helped lead a separation from white Methodism because African American preachers were not permitted to be ordained. By 1841, the church had a building on Broad Street, but it relocated in 1872 to Foote Street. In 1908, the present building was constructed, and it was here that Booker T. Washington made his last public speech before his death in 1915. The church is included in the Winchester Repeating Arms Company National Register Historic District.
The Ovals
Jane Nettleton
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Hannah Gray Home
New Haven
Heather A. Williams
Hannah Gray was a laundress and seamstress who used part of her income to promote the antislavery movement and support her church. Through her will, Gray donated her house at 158 Dixwell Avenue (no longer extant) to be used as a refuge for "indigent Colored Females". Because her will did not include funding to administer the home, it was almost sold for delinquent taxes in 1904. It was saved by the Women's Twentieth Century Club, an organization for African American Women, which took responsibility for maintaining it. The present Hannah Gray house at 235 Dixwell Avenue, acquired in 1911 and accommodating more residents than the original structure, continues in operation in accordance with its founder's goals. The building is included in the Winchester Repeating Arms Company National Register Historic District.
New Haven People's Center
New Haven
Susan Klein
Constructed in the 1850s, this building was acquired in 1938 by Jewish immigrant workers and used as a social and cultural center for community groups, including African Americans. New Haven's first interracial drama group and first integrated basketball team were started here. During its early years, the Center succeeded in getting African Americans admitted to some craft unions in the city; it also attempted, without success, to force the Connecticut Bus Company to hire black drivers. Activities of the Center on behalf of African Americans were forerunners of initiatives which, 25 years later, ended some racial injustices in society.
Sachem Country House
Jerilyn Goodwater
See the Underground Railroad overview.
United Church on the Green
New Haven
Jo Buchanan, Carol Buell
This building was originally known as the North Church (Congregational) which merged with the Third Church (Congregational) in 1884 to create the United Church. Several members of the two earlier congregations were abolitionists who also assisted New Haven's free black community. They included Roger Sherman Baldwin, Nathaniel and Simeon Jocelyn, and the Reverend Samuel Dutton. Baldwin, a lawyer, was active in the defense of the Amistad Africans and is commemorated by a plaque inside the church. The church is included in the New Haven Green National Historic Landmark District.
Center Church on the Green
New Haven
Blanche Baldwin
The church had a congregation that was involved in developing support for the Amistad captives. It was founded in 1638, and beneath the present 1812-1814 building is a cemetery dating back to colonial times. The property is a National Landmark.
Battell Chapel
New Haven
J.P. Morgan
Represents the role that Yale Divinity School faculty and students played in assisting the Amistad Africans, and offers an exhibition of relevant materials maintained by Yale.
The Freedom Trail Quilt project and the display of the quilts in the Connecticut State Library's Museum of Connecticut History represent an acknowledgement by public and private groups of the great significance of the Freedom Trail story within the history of Connecticut and the nation.
Union Hall
Sara Prentis, Dick Pandora, Betty Kelly
Is now the Art Guild. Its upper floor was rented to abolitionist groups for meetings. It was originally located at the present site of the Porter Memorial on Main Street and is now owned by the First Church of Christ, Congregational.
Austin Williams Carriage House
Cynthia Cooper, Peg Yung, Eunice Heinlein, Betty Kelly
Was the location of the primary home for the Amistad Africans during their stay in Farmington. Austin F. Williams, a leading abolitionist in town, had a building constructed as a residence for the Africans. Shortly after this, he built his own home and later converted the first structure to a carriage house. The property is privately owned and not open to the public.
Milo Freeland Grave
North Canaan
Jill Gibbons, Corinne Levy
Milo Freeland is credited with being the first African American to volunteer for the Union Army during the Civil War. He did this as a member of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, the subject of the film, Glory. His picture appears in the book, A Brave Black Regiment by Luis F. Emilio. Originally a resident of Sheffield, Massachusetts, Freeland died in 1883 while living in East Canaan. The stone that now marks his grave was placed in Hillside Cemetery, Route 44, East Canaan in 1996 following a rededication ceremony in his honor, and is located in Lot B8 to the rear of the cemetery, immediately to the right of the center driveway.
Uriel Tuttle House
Patricia Strout
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Elijah Lewis House
Dick Pandora, Jean Johnson, Peg Yung, Priscilla Warren Pyatt
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Hopkins Street Center
Beverly Murphy
Located at the corner of Hopkins and Pearl Streets, this building was once known as the Pearl Street Neighborhood House. It served as a settlement house for Waterbury's African American community, particularly migrants arriving from the South after the First World War. It continued to be a settlement house and community center from the 1920s into the 1980s and is now used for cultural events in conjunction with its owner, the Zion Baptist Church. The Waterbury NAACP was founded in this building in 1942, and it was once the home of the city's Urban League.
Rev. Noah Porter House
Dick Pandora, Norma Francini, Ruth McCarthy
Belonged to the minister of the Congregational Church and provided a home for one of the three African children in the Amistad group. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was organized here. It is a private residence and not open to the public.
Lantern Block
Janet Hochsprung
The North Star and lantern are the key elements of the logo of the Connecticut Freedom Trail.
James Mars Poem
Barry Webber, Ruthann Olsson
James Mars was born into slavery in Connecticut in 1790 and became free through the gradual emancipation law enacted by the state in 1784. Mars wrote a pamphlet about his experiences, Life of James Mars, a Slave Born and Sold in Connecticut, which can be found in the book Five Black Lives. Mars was freed at the age of 21 and spent much of his life in Hartford and Norfolk, Connecticut. Always active in the church, he became a deacon of Talcott Street Congregational Church in Hartford. Mars helped organize meetings to promote freedom for slaves and to improve conditions for free African Americans. In 1842, he petitioned the Connecticut General Assembly in an effort to gain the right to vote, which was denied African Americans in the state's constitution. Mars lived his later years in Norfolk and supplied information on the history of that town which appeared in the 1900 publication History of Norfolk, written 20 years after his death. Mars is buried alongside his father, Jupiter Mars, who served in the American Revolution. Nearby are graves of the Freedom family, who are also mentioned in the above town history. These stones are located to the rear and left of the first entrance into the cemetery. To the right of this entrance, and near the wall next to Old Colony Road, is the grave of Alanon Freemen, who served in the all-black Connecticut Twenty-Ninth Regiment in the Civil War. The quilt square incorporates a poem written by James Mars, "God Never Made a Slave":
Samuel Deming House
Marilyn Elling, Norma Francini
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Marian Anderson Studio
Janet Hochsprung
Marian Anderson was born in Philadelphia in 1902 and as a young woman was noted for her singing ability. Finding few opportunities to perform in the United States, she won recognition in Europe. After her return to America, she sang in concerts in New York City and at the White House. When she was denied permission to sing at Washington D.C.'s Constitution Hall in 1939, the government arranged for her to perform at the Lincoln Memorial before some 75,000 listeners. A year later she purchased her home in Danbury, known as "Marianna Farms", where she and her husband raised five children. She lived here for some 50 years. Near the house is a small building that she used as her rehearsal studio. Named a delegate to the United Nations in 1958, Anderson received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963. She retired from concert performances in 1964 but continued to be active in various issues and causes. Her autobiography, My Lord, What a Morning, was published in 1956. In 1999, the company developing Mariana Farm donated the studio to the Danbury Museum and it was moved to the Museum's property on Main Street. A permanent exhibit celebrating Marian Anderson's musical legacy is being installed.
Barney House
Sara Prentis, Peg Yung, Betty Kelly
Was built in 1832 by John Treadwell Norton, a major supporter of the Amistad Africans. It is operated by the University of Connecticut as a conference center and as a bed and breakfast.
Timothy Wadsworth House
Michael Aiezza, Assunta Aiezza, Sara Prentis, Betty Kelly
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Samuel Deming Store
Dick Pandora, Norma Francini, Sara Prentis, Ruth Bernadt
Provided second-floor quarters for the Amistad Africans on their arrival in Farmington, but the space was later set up as a school where they attended classes for five hours a day, six days a week. Although the property is privately owned, it is operated as Your Village Store.
John Brown's Birthplace
Catherine Pelletier Avallone
One of the most famous abolitionists in America was John Brown, whose armed raid on the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in 1859 for the purpose of ending slavery, foreshadowed the government's war two years later to achieve the same end. Brown was born in Torrington, Connecticut in 1800 at this site. The house was destroyed by fire in 1918, but the property is maintained by the John Brown Association. The image of Brown's house is incorporated in the City of Torrington's seal. Pikes used by John Brown and his men in the Harper's Ferry raid were made by the Collins Company, located in Collinsville section of Canton. The Canton Historical Museum has one of these pikes on display.
First Church of Christ Congregational
Sara Prentis, Jean Johnson, Peg Yung, Joan Dahlberg, Ruth Bernadt, Betty Kelly
Supported the Amistad Case through its members who provided clothing, housing, education, and Christian teaching to the Africans while they lived in Farmington awaiting funds to return to Africa. The church is a National Historic Landmark.
Foone's Grave
Betty Kelly, Peg Yung
Riverside Cemetery is where Foone, one of the Africans on the Amistad, is buried. He drowned while swimming in Pitkin Basin. Beyond the Indian Obelisk was the Farmington Canal and open meadow where the Africans raised crops.
Isaiah Tuttle House
Elizabeth Morgan
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Smith-Cowles House
Sara Prentis, Jean Johnson, Penny Davidson
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Canal House and Pitkin Basin
Diane Ross Lipari, Laurie Regish, Peg Yung, Agnes Pane
Is the location where Foone, one of the Amistad Africans, lost his life. It was also here that the Africans embarked to other towns to give exhibitions and raise money for their return to Africa.
Redeemer's A.M.E. Zion Church/Norton House
Diane Ross Lipari, Laurie Regish, Peg Yung, Agnes Pane
The Redeemer's African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Zion Church represents a movement also evident elsewhere in Connecticut: the joining together of African denominations in town to establish a church which nurtured black leadership and generated community support. Organized in 1903, the congregation built its church structure a year later. Throughout this century, members have been leaders in Plainville and have provided a voice for the black community.
The Freedom Trail Quilt project and the display of the quilts in the Connecticut State Library's Museum of Connecticut History represent an acknowledgement by public and private groups of the great significance of the Freedom Trail story within the history of Connecticut and the nation.
Francis Gillette House
Sue Reich
See the Underground Railroad overview.
North Cemetery
Sade Davis and Barbara Johnson
Located in the center of this cemetery are graves of a number of African Americans who served in the Civil War. These can be found by taking the entrance next to the building on Main Street and following the paved drive to a path. Between this path and another located a short distance to its right are stones marking the burials of six or more men who served in Connecticut's all-black Twenty-Ninth Regiment. There are also graves here of African Americans who served in other Civil War units. Nearby is the stone of James Law with the inscription "Born a slave in Virginia, Died in Hartford 1881, the Freedom of the Lord".
Soldiers and Sailors Monument
Janet Hochsprung
The Solders and Sailors Monument (Memorial) honors those from Hartford who served in the Civil War. A marker noting the contributions of African Americans in that conflict has been added to the monument. On display in the nearby State Capitol are two banners that were used by Connecticut's all-black Twenty-Ninth Regiment. The Capitol is open to the public.
Walter Bunce House
Tracey Gorecki
While there are many structures in the Southern states which are attributed to the craftsmanship of African Americans, few such buildings exist in New England. One example, however, is the Walter Bunce House, constructed by Alpheus Quincy. Born in June 1774, Quincy dealt in real estate in southeastern Connecticut along with his father and brother. As a stonemason, he built several fieldstone houses for prominent citizens and numerous dams in Manchester. The Walter Bunce House is the only fieldstone dwelling constructed by Quincy that still stands today.
Enfield Shaker's Village
Rose Conrad
This area was once occupied by the only Shaker settlement in Connecticut. Dissenting from many activities of American society, the Shakers were associated with reform movements, including feminism, pacifism, and abolitionism. The diary of one member records the visits of fugitive slaves to the settlement, including Sojourner Truth, who spoke at the Meeting House on Shaker Road. Now owned by the State of Connecticut and administered by the Department of Correction, the Meeting House was built in 1827 and is sited adjacent to Shaker Road. The entire Shaker complex is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Harriet Beecher Stowe Center
Barbara West Jarvis
Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), an antislavery novel of enormous impact in the United States, had lifelong associations with Hartford. She permanently moved to the city in 1864 and resided at 73 Forest Street from 1873 until her death in 1896. Her home is operated as a museum by the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, which maintains a significant research library with collections that focus on nineteenth-century literature and social history, with particular emphasis on race relations, women's issues, architecture, and decorative arts. The Stowe House is listed on the Register of Historic Places and open to the public.
Frank T. Simpson House
Iva Allison
Dr. Frank T. Simpson was born in Alabama in 1907, graduated from Tougaloo College, and moved to Hartford in 1929. He was active in social work in the city and in January 1944 became the first employee of the Connecticut Inter-Racial Commission, one of the first state civil rights organizations in the United States. Simpson eventually became executive secretary, and during his years with the agency, now known as the Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities, he worked to end discrimination in education, housing, unions, and employment. Simpson purchased his house in 1952 and resided there until his death in 1974. Built in 1913 near Keney Park (then under construction), the house is on the National Register of Historic Places and is privately owned and not open to the public.
Lantern Block
Heather A. Williams
The North Star and lantern are the key elements of the logo of the Connecticut Freedom Trail.
West Burying Ground
Marilyn Cocking
To the rear of this cemetery are the graves of local African Americans including Fanny Beman, the mother of Amos Beman, one of Connecticut's best known African American civil rights leaders of the nineteenth century. There are also graves here of men who fought in the Connecticut Twenty-Ninth Regiment and other African American units of the Civil War. Among them is James Powers, who is listed on the Civil War monument located on the green at South Main Street near the Benjamin Douglas House.
Barkhamsted Light House
Gay Gardner Wilson
At this site was a village made up of Native Americans, African Americans, and whites who in their time were considered outcasts. The village was established ca. 1740 by Molly Barber, a white woman from Wethersfield, Connecticut, and her husband, James Chaugham, a Narragansett Indian from Block Island in Long Island Sound. They moved to the northwestern Connecticut wilderness to escape the wrath of Molly Barber's father. The community was abandoned around 1860 after nearly 120 years of occupation. Today, as an archaeological site inside People's State Forest, it commemorates people who lived on the margins of society. They were ordinary individuals who created an extra-ordinary multicultural community. This site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Faith Congregational Church
Meckla Pinnix
In 1819, Hartford's African Americans, rejecting being seated in the galleries of white churches, began to worship by themselves in the conference room of the First Church of Christ. Later established as the African Religious Society, the group built a church at 30 Talcott Street in 1826 and soon became associated with the Congregational Church. In 1840, the church opened one of only two district schools in the city where African American children could study free of harassment by white children and teachers at the church's school. Also associated with it were Amos Beman and James Pennington, two of the most prominent African American leaders in the United States. On November 19, 1953 Talcott Street Congregational church merged with Mother Bethel Methodist Church to become the present Faith Congregational Church. The building at 2030 Main Street was purchased and renovated, with the dedication taking place on June 13, 1954. The church is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Amistad Foundation Wadsworth Atheneum
Meckla Pinnix and Nina Murphy
The nation's oldest continuously operating public art museum, houses the Amistad Foundation African-American Collection. This unique collection of Americana is comprised of over 6,000 art objects, posters, broadsides, photographs, memorabilia, and rare books that evidence the many contributions of African Americans to American culture. The Amistad Foundation provides for public access to this collection, along with changing exhibitions and special interpretative programs, including scholarly and public forums and cultural performances, during the year. The Wadsworth Atheneum also maintains the Fleet Gallery of African-American Art to complement exhibitions in the Amistad Gallery and to further illuminate the role of African American visual artists in American art and culture. The Atheneum is on the National Register of Historic Places and open to the public.
Benjamin Douglas House
Jim Battle, Mary Chisholm, Eileen Hilsdon, William Freeman, Rev. Moses Harville, Hazel Hewitt, Mardi Loman, Garnell Mitchell, Raleigh Mitchell, Alice Moody, Rev. Ella Perry, Kathy Ellis, Ann Ross, Sara Ruffin, Celeste Vereen, Linda Wilks
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Paul Robeson House
Iva Allison
Paul Robeson was an All-American football player, a Phi Beta Kappa scholarship student at Rutgers University Law School, and a graduate of the Columbia University Law School. An African American of extraordinary artistic gifts, he later became an internationally known actor and singer, and he was an activist in civil rights causes. Robeson purchased this house during the height of his popularity and used it to entertain his guests. His family owned it from March 1940 until December 1953. Robeson's refusal to remain silent about racism in the United States, along with his ardent desire for full human justice, resulted in his being ostracized by American society. He was barred from appearing at concert halls, had his passport revoked, and saw his name removed from football records he had established. He spent the last 15 years of his life abroad or as a recluse in Philadelphia, dying in January 1976. In 1995, Robeson was posthumously included in the National Football Foundations College Football Hall of Fame. The house is privately owned and not open to the public. It is included in the Enfield National Register Historic District.
Union Baptist Church
Union Craft Club: Lillian Harris, Mattie Haskins, Barbara Johnson, Pearl Lee, Gwen Moseley, Marilyn Tyson, Nellie Tyson, Beatrice Wood
Through its leaders and members, Union Baptist Church has made significant contributions to the early civil rights movement on the local and state levels. The Reverend John C. Jackson, who began his ministry at the church in 1922, worked tirelessly to open employment opportunities for African Americans, especially for teachers and social workers. C. Edythe Taylor, a member of the church, was the first African American teacher in the Hartford public school system. Other members were the first African Americans in the city to serve on the school board, on the welfare board, and with the police department. In 1943, Jackson helped establish the Connecticut Inter-Racial Commission, now the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities. The church is a life member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and created the local chapter of the Urban League. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Nancy Toney's Grave
Gay Gardner Wilson
Only a few slaves remained in Connecticut by the time the state passed its full emancipation law in 1848. Apparently, several of these individuals were determined too aged to care for themselves and therefore continued with their former owners. It is believed that Nancy Toney, a former slave of the Chaffee/Loomis family of Windsor, was the last survivor of this group in Connecticut. When she died in 1857, she was buried in Palisado Cemetery. The grave is at the rear of the cemetery, located on the left side of the road in an area with few markers.
Brace-Stephen House
Connie Harasymiw
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Joseph Rainey House
Gay Gardner Wilson
This property was purchased by Joseph Rainey on May 20, 1874, and it was owned by him for the remainder of his life. It was used by his family as a summer residence. Rainey is best known for being the first African American elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, serving for the State of South Carolina. He was elected to five terms, holding office from 1870 to 1879, and during this period introduced petitions for the passage of civil rights legislation that would guarantee African Americans their full constitutional rights. He dramatized his stand on the issue of access to public accommodations by his refusal to leave the dining room of a hotel in Suffolk, Virginia, forcing the owner to remove him from the premises. The Rainey family was active in the First Church of Windsor, and in 1876 Rainey spoke at the town's observance of the American Centennial celebration. The house is privately owned and not opened to the public.
Hart Porter Homestead
Tracey Gorecki
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Old State House
Carolyn S. Boyle
When it was Connecticut's Capitol, hosted one of several trials that involved the fate of the Africans of the Amistad. The building is a National Historic Landmark and is open to the public.
Archer Memorial A.M.E. Zion Church
Iva Allison
A community of African Americans developed in the Hayden Station area during the nineteenth century. One of the religious and social centers for this community was the Archer Memorial Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Zion Church. Its first building was constructed under the guidance of the Reverend Dennis Scott White, who received financial assistance from a local philanthropist, Frederick Thrall. The church was located next to a pine grove north of Hayden Station Road and Pond Road; the Reverend White conducted popular camp meetings in the grove during the 1880s and 1890s. The pond nearby was used by the town for swimming and ice-skating and by the congregation for baptismal services. The present church building was erected in 1982.
The Freedom Trail Quilt project and the display of the quilts in the Connecticut State Library's Museum of Connecticut History represent an acknowledgement by public and private groups of the great significance of the Freedom Trail story within the history of Connecticut and the nation.
Lyman Trumbull
Stephanie Cyr
Lyman Trumbull, a grandson of Benjamin Trumbull, was born and reared in this house, which is still on its original site. Later a United States senator from Illinois, Lyman Trumbull was one of the founders of the Republican Party and in 1865 helped author the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that ended slavery in the nation. The house is included in the Colchester Village National Register Historic District.
Isaac C. Glasko
Tamora Syphrett
Isaac Glasko, a man of mixed Native American and African American heritage, purchased land in 1806 and established a blacksmith shop in what is now the center of Glasgo. He harnessed waterpower to a triphammer and produced farming and carpentry tools. When the whaling industry was at its height, Glasko specialized in whaling implements, for which he held several patents. His harpoons, lances, spades, and mining knives were well known in ports of New England. Glasko's daughter, Eliza, attended the Prudence Crandall School in Canterbury in the 1833-1834 period. His house still stands, although it has been considerably altered. The graves of Isaac Glasko and his wife are in a nearby but not easily accessible cemetery.
Ship Charles W. Morgan
Mystic Seaport
Tora Sterregaard
Among the displays at Mystic Seaport, renowned for its maritime village and working craftspeople, is the ship Charles W. Morgan, last of the nineteenth-century wooden whaling vessels. Connected with this ship are information and displays noting the role of Connecticut's African Americans in the state's important maritime industries . Studies have shown that in addition to African Americans, Native Americans and other diverse groups made 50 percent of whaling crews in the 1840s. The Charles W. Morgan is a National Historic Landmark, and Mystic Seaport is open to the public.
James Pharmacy
Old Saybrook
Mary Ponessa
Anna Louise James (1886-1977), licensed in Connecticut as a pharmacist in 1911, operated her pharmacy from that year until 1967, when she retired. James was the first African American woman, and one of the first women, to become a pharmacist in the state. She was also among the first women who registered to vote when women's suffrage was passed in 1920. In 1974, the Old Saybrook Veterans of Foreign Wars gave James its Citizen of the Year award. This site is also the birthplace of James' niece, Harlem Renaissance writer Ann Petry (born 1908), whose most famous work was the novel The Street. This building is on the National Register of Historic Places and is privately owned and not open to the public.
Venture Smith's Grave
East Haddam
Justine Cancryn
First Church Cemetery. The cemetery, located next to the First Church, contains the graves of Venture Smith (1729-1805) and several members of his family. Smith was captured as a child in Africa and brought to Connecticut, where he was sold as a slave. He dictated a pamphlet about his experiences that can be read in the book Five Black Lives. Despite being a slave, Smith was able to work at other jobs so that he earned money to buy his freedom and that of his wife and children. One of his sons served in the American Revolution. His wife is buried next to him, and nearby is the grave of another son, Solomon, who served in the War of 1812. Venture's granddaughter, who died in 1902, is here as well. These stones are located near the wall that is next to the church, about halfway back to Route 151.
Vernett Lee House
Melissa Syphrett
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Custom House
New London
Tamora Syphrett, Melissa Syphrett
The U.S. Custom House, built in 1833 from a design by architect Robert Mills, was where Africans were brought from the Spanish slave ship Amistad by the U. S. Coast Guard on August 27, 1839. Although the ship remained in New London for more than a year, the captives stayed for less than a week and were transferred to the New Haven jail. One African youth who died during the brief New London stay was buried in an unmarked grave in the city's Third Burying Ground. A marker on the front of the U.S. Custom House highlights a separate case in which an escaped slave won his freedom in 1850 through the legal efforts of Augustus Brandegee and the custom collector, John Mather. When asked if he wanted to be free, the man replied, "Free!" The U.S. Customs House is on the National Register of Historic Places and open to the public under the direction of the New London Maritime Society.
Joshua Hempstead House
New London
Maureen Hill
The seventeenth-century Joshua Hempstead House is one of two historic houses in New London's Hempstead Historic District open to the public. Owned by the Antiquarian and Landmarks Society, it contains a family archives of early abolitionist papers. Surrounding the Hempstead House, the Hempstead Historic District includes houses that were purchased by free African Americans in the 1840s. The District is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Lantern Block
Tora Sterregaard
The North Star and lantern are the key elements of the logo of the Connecticut Freedom Trail.
Fort Griswold
Jacqueline Owens, Janice Trolin
Fort Griswold is one of the few locations in Connecticut where a Revolutionary War battle took place. The American defenders, greatly outnumbered, were local militia for the most part and included two African Americans: Jordan Freeman and Lambert Latham. During the battle, Freeman helped spear a British officer, an incident depicted on a marker inside the fort. Freeman was later killed in the fighting. When the Americans surrendered, the British began to massacre the unarmed defenders. Before the British officers could halt their troops, Latham and a number of other Americans had died. Fort Griswold is on the National Register of Historic Places and open to the public.
Prudence Crandall House
Rebecca Sipple
This imposing late Georgian-style house was purchased by Prudence Crandall in 1831 to be a private academy for local young women and men. When she admitted Sarah Harris, an African American student, Crandall found that parents of white students objected. In April 1833, she opened her house as a boarding school for young African American women, an action which led to harassment by neighbors, passage of a state law against her work, and her being jailed for one night. Through two court trials and an appeal to the state's Supreme Court of Errors, Crandall continued to operate her school. Only after a violent attack on the house on the night of September 9, 1834, did she agree to close the school and send her students home. In the United States during the years leading up to the Civil War, the Crandall incident was one of many that helped solidify attitudes against slavery. However, Crandall's effort to provide integrated and equal education in this house was a rarity for the times. In 1995, Prudence Crandall was designated as Connecticut's State Heroine. The Crandall House, a National Historic Landmark, is a museum open to the public.
Hempstead Historic District
New London
Sheila Yee Littlejohn
Located in the center of New London and surrounding the seventeenth-century Joshua Hempstead House, the Hempstead Historic District includes houses that were purchased by free African Americans in the 1840s. These properties were sold by Hempstead descendants, who were abolitionists, to Savillion Haley, who believed that African Americans deserved adequate housing as well as whites. African Americans of colonial New London had already lived in this area, and with these new purchases and later home building by African Americans, organizations important to the community's interests developed. One of these is Shiloh Baptist Church, which is now located on Garvin Street, named for early twentieth-century African American leader Albert Garvin. The District is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Stephan Peck House
Old Lyme
Marilyn Weaver
See the Underground Railroad overview.
Little Colored Schoolhouse
Betty Falco, Cathy Russi, Martha Paty
During 1803-1804, the "Old District School House for Colored Children" was established behind the Congregational Church near Colchester's town green, predating any other attempt in Connecticut to provide educational opportunities specifically for African American youth. Although racially segregated in that white children attended a district school inside Bacon Academy, the African American school was nonetheless famous throughout the state for the uniqueness of its mission. It attracted students from outside the bounds of Colchester. One of its graduates was Amos Beman, who was later associated with Hartford's Talcott Street Congregational Church and New Haven's Temple Street Congregational Church, both of which are included on the Freedom Trail. The school closed in 1848 as its students found acceptance at Bacon Academy and other local schools. While no longer extant, the school is depicted in the sketch of Colchester's green in John Warner Barber's Connecticut Historical Collections (1835).
Jail Hill
Diane Daniels
In the 1830s a new county jail was built in Norwich between Cedar and Fountain Streets north of the business district, an event which made the area less appealing to wealthier families. Because of the lower property values and proximity to business and employment, a number of African Americans families built houses in what became Jail Hill. Among these families were the Williamses, Harrises, Spelmans, and Smiths. Members of these families were active in the antislavery movement in Connecticut, and after the Civil War they provided teachers in the North as well as the South. Several daughters from these families attended Prudence Crandall's school in Canterbury. The Underground Railroad was active in Norwich, although there is little information available on how Jail Hill residents worked in this endeavor. One escaped slave who resided here was James L. Smith, who wrote an autobiography in 1881 (see Five Black Lives). Two of Smith's daughters graduated from Norwich Free Academy and were teachers in Washington D.C. The black community remained in the Jail Hill area into the early 1900s.
Thomas Taylor Grave
Iris Middleton
Grove Street Cemetery. A simple rectangular marble gravestone marks the resting place of Thomas L. Taylor, an African American sailor who served with the U.S. Navy on the Union's ironclad ship U.S.S. Monitor when it fought the Confederate ironclad Merrimac, during the Civil War. Taylor is recorded as being the last survivor of that famous battle. He died on March 7, 1932 at age 84.
Randall's Ordinary
North Stonington,
Mary Rose DeVeau
See the Underground Railroad overview
The Freedom Trail Quilt project and the display of the quilts in the Connecticut State Library's Museum of Connecticut History represent an acknowledgement by public and private groups of the great significance of the Freedom Trail story within the history of Connecticut and the nation.
Connecticut General Assembly authorized the designation of some forty public and private historic properties to form a network which would convey the dramatic and important story of Connecticut's African-American experience – the Connecticut Freedom Trail. Included are historic properties which have been deemed worthy for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Landmarks and the Connecticut State Register of Historic Places. Among the gravesites, monuments, homes and other structures included are sites associated with the Underground Railroad, the Amistad Case, and such notable persons as Paul Robeson, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Prudence Crandall.
In 1997, a grass roots citizens group of interested volunteers from every corner of the State came together to form the Freedom Trail Planning Committee. They dedicated their time and efforts to creating a lasting tribute to the Connecticut Freedom Trail through one of the most traditional of American art forms – quilting. Four quilts, representing each region of Connecticut, were completed in 1998.
Funding for the Connecticut Freedom Trail was provided and administered by the Connecticut Historical Commission and Department of Economic and Community Development, Tourism Division, 1999.
Quilt framing was donated by Pratt & Whitney, 1999.
Connecticut Freedom Trail Planning Committee:
Alfred Marder
Cora Murray
Alfred Narcisse
Jeffrey Nichols
Carolyn Pitts
Jerry Ann Putt
Sharon Steinle
Tamora Syphrett
Eloy Toppin
Beverly Washington
Marguerite Yung
The Connecticut Commission on Culture and Tourism graciously granted permission for the State Library to use, in this web exhibit, verbatim and paraphrased descriptions of the individual squares from the brochure produced by one of its predecessor agencies, the Connecticut Historical Commission.
Related Resources Available at CSL:
- The Amistad Affair
- Prudence Crandall
- The Life and Times of William Webb: An African-American Civil War Soldier from Connecticut
- Log Book of Slave Traders between New London and Africa, 1757-8
- Research Guide to African-American Genealogical Resources at the Connecticut State Library
- Research Guide to Materials Relating to Slavery in Connecticut at the Connecticut State Library


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Cabinet of Ministers
The Cabinet of Ministers is the highest executive body of the country. The role and functions of the executive power are stipulated in the Satversme (the Constitution) of the Republic of Latvia and in the Law on the Structure of Cabinet Law. The Cabinet of Ministers is formed by a person invited by the State President.
Composition of the Cabinet of Ministers
The Cabinet of Ministers consists of the Prime Minister and the ministers invited by the Prime Minister. Prime Minister may invite one Deputy Prime Minister as a member of the Cabinet of Ministers and one or more ministers for special assignments. The Cabinet of Ministers determines the duties of the Deputy Prime Minister and the ministers for special assignments. Prime Minister may also appoint a state minister.
In addition to his direct responsibilities the Prime Minister may permanently lead the work of one ministry.
Appointment, confidence vote and resignation
The Cabinet of Ministers starts exercising its duties after receiving a confidence vote by the Saeima (the Parliament). Ministers and state ministers appointed by the Prime Minister at a later stage shall receive a special confidence vote by the Saeima.
If the Saeima gives a non-confidence vote to the Prime Minister, all the Cabinet must resign. If a minister receives a non-confidence vote, he/she must resign and the Prime Minister shall invite another person to take over the responsibilities. The Saeima expresses its non-confidence to all the Cabinet by adopting a respective decision or by rejecting annual state budget submitted by the Cabinet.
The Prime Minister shall notify the President and the Chairperson of the Saeima regarding the resignation of Cabinet; the latter shall present this notification at the next sitting of the Saeima.
The Prime Minister or individual ministers and state ministers, who have resigned from office either with or without an expression of non-confidence from the Saeima, shall continue to fulfil their duties of office, except for cases when the Saeima has decided otherwise and has appointed persons to temporarily assume these offices, until a successor is appointed.
If the Prime Minister requests resignation of a minister or a state minister, the state minister shall resign even without a non-confidence vote by the Saeima. If one or several ministers resign, the Prime Minister himself/herself may temporarily take over their responsibilities or assign them to other ministers. The Prime Minister shall invite other persons to replace the resigned ministers. The invited persons shall take the office of a minister only after receiving a confidence vote by the Saeima.
Functions and authority of the Cabinet of Ministers
Public institutions are subject to the authority of the Cabinet of Ministers.
The Cabinet of Ministers has legislative rights; rights to appoint a broad range of civil servants or approve their status. Cabinet of Ministers discusses or decides on all issues within its scope of competence pursuant to the Satversme and other laws. The Cabinet of Ministers may issue legislative enactments – regulations only in the following cases:
1. when such a right specially stipulated or delegated to the Cabinet by the respective law; or
2. if the particular matter has not been regulated by law.
The regulations may not be contrary to the Constitution or laws. The regulations shall include a reference to the law pursuant to which they have been issued.
The Cabinet of Ministers and an individual minister may issue instructions binding to the institutions which are under their subordination:
1. if a law or regulations grant a special authority to the Cabinet of Ministers or an individual minister; or
2. if the particular matter has not been regulated by law or regulations.
The Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers are entitled to issue orders in cases provided for in laws and Cabinet regulations. An order is an individual administrative act that applies to specific State institutions and officials.
Substitution procedure
In the absence of the Prime Minister or if he or she is otherwise prevented from fulfilling his or her office, his or her duties shall be performed by that member of the Cabinet appointed by the Prime Minister as acting in his or her place. This shall be reported to the President and to the Chairperson of the Saeima.
In the absence of the Deputy Prime Minister or a Minister, or if he or she is otherwise prevented from fulfilling his or her office, his or her duties shall be performed by that member of the Cabinet appointed by the Prime Minister as to act in his or her place.
Decision making
The Cabinet of Ministers shall adopt its decision by a majority vote of members present at the Cabinet meeting. More than half of all Cabinet members present at the meeting shall constitute a quorum of the Cabinet of Ministers.

subset: commoncrawl


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I was pretty careful about how I titled this latest "The Best…" list. These sites are good to "introduce" environmental issues in the classroom, but generally don't provide information on systemic, political, and corporate issues related to environmental damage.
I wasn't able to find one excellent site that would provide those types resources and be accessible to English Language Learners. However, sites like Breaking News English and the Voice Of America Special English or other links on my The Best News/Current Events Websites For English Language Learners — 2007 that have numerous accessible news stories about current events related to the environment. These stories can be used to raise questions about the roles of First World consumption, the profit motive, and the influence of campaign contributions on political decisions.
I haven't ranked sites here in order of preference — I think they're all engaging and accessible to English Language Learners. I have, though, grouped them into four primary categories:
* Ones that provide "calculators" that help users determine their personal "carbon footprints."
* Ones that provide information on what people can personally do to reduce the damage they cause to the environment, but don't necessarily ask a series of questions so users can determine their "carbon footprint."
* Online games that primarily relate to people's personal actions on how they can affect the environment.
* "Big picture" sites that offer some broader perspective on the environmental crises the world faces, though they don't necessarily provide an in-depth analysis of "why?".
Ordinarily, I give a little more of a description for each site than I have in this list. I'm a little pressed for time this summer, though, so, outside of grouping these sites by categories, I'll leave it to you to discover more details about them on your own.
Here are my choices for The Best Sites To Introduce Environmental Issues Into the Classroom:
ESL Environmental Education and Eeko World give accessible information about how to personally change your actions to have a positive effect on the environment.
Scholastic has a good environmental game called Virtual Forest Challenge that I'm adding to this list. It's very accessible to English Language Learners. In the game, you are a virtual character going through a typical day. You regularly are faced with having to make choices between decisions that are ecologically helpful and ones that are not — you have to make the call.
Tox Mystery; Environmental Intelligence Unit; and ElectroCity are all good, engaging games on the environmental consequences of one's actions.
Climate Change from the BBC News Around; the Global Warming Map from National Geographic; Environmental Mysteries from North Carolina PBS; the Brainpop: Our Fragile Environment online movies; Can You Keep The Earth In Balance? from National Geographic;and Breathing Earth begin to provide some broader framework for the environmental mess we find ourselves in.
(I'm also adding the Human Footprint Interactive here)
Next 10 is a nonprofit group in our state that has developed some excellent online learning tools that relate to California, particularly related to the environment. It has a Home Energy Saver that includes California data.
Scorecard gives you specific information about environmental dangers in your community after your type in your zipcode.
USA Today has created an online interactive where you can type in the name of your school and then learn the level of industrial pollution in the area. It's called Toxic Air and American Schools.
One is Global Warming Facts and Our Future from the National Academy of Sciences. It's a very engaging and extensive site, and includes audio support for the text. The vocabulary may be pretty challenging for Intermediate English Language Learners, but it's worth the attempt.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a free 133 page downloadable curriculum that connects English language-learning with environmental issues. It's called Teach English, Teach About The Environment, and looks pretty good to me. Though I don't know if it will stay available.
United Nations Environment Program has created quite a few infographics on environmental issues around the world. They are designed well, and contain an enormous amount of information. Much of it would be accessible to Intermediate ELL's.
Planet Earth is a talking story from The British Council.
Our Forests looks like a pretty interesting interactive on deforestation issues.
As always, feedback is welcome.
If you found this post useful, you might want to look at previous "The Best…" lists and also consider subscribing to this blog for free.


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Russia's Putin Offers Protesters Small Change
Vladimir Putin offered to ease slightly his tight political control of Russian politics in token concessions to protesters he suggested had been paid to turn out in the biggest demonstrations since he took power 12 years ago.
In a 4-1/2 hour call-in question-and-answer show that was broadcast live across Russia and intended to rebuild support as he prepares to reclaim the presidency, the long-serving prime minister sought to portray himself as a reasonable, even-handed national leader who can unite his people.
But many Russians on the social network Twitter suggested his efforts had failed, saying the 59-year-old former spy was out of touch three months before the presidential election he hopes to win.
Breaking his silence on rallies by tens of thousands of people on December 10 Putin mixed words of praise with suggestions that some of the demonstrators complaining of electoral fraud and demanding a new election were paid to show up.
"I saw on people on the TV screens ... mostly young people, active and with positions that they expressed clearly," Putin said. "This makes me happy, and if that is the result of the Putin regime, that's good -- there's nothing bad about it."
"They will at least make some money," he said, without saying who he thought might have been the paymaster. Putin has in the past, to the derision of opponents, suggested the United States had stirred protests and foreign states had funded them.
Putin, 59, said that at first he thought the white ribbons worn by the protesters as a sign of dissent were part of an anti-AIDS campaign, and he had mistaken them for condoms.
A doctored photo was soon doing the rounds on the Internet, with Putin wearing a condom on his chest instead of a medal
Dressed in a suit and tie at a large desk as he took questions by phone and from a studio audience, and sometimes via videolinks with cities across the vast country, he also looked less at ease than in previous years.
Putin, broaching the possibility of changes in a tightly controlled political system, suggested legislation might be altered to allow small opposition parties to be registered.
One of Putin's main acts after taking power in 1999 was to remove elected governors in Russia's regions and appoint his own representatives, restoring strong Kremlin control. This he said headed off a danger of the world's biggest country breaking up.
Putin hinted at reintroducing direct elections, but only after the president had approved candidates proposed by parties -- an idea scarcely likely to win support from critics.
"We can move in this direction," he said.
Putin gave no indication he would respond to the protesters' main demands such as sacking the central election commission chief and rerunning the election which returned Putin's United Russia party with a reduced majority.
He appears to be intent instead on riding out the protests and hoping they fade, although another day of protest is planned by the opposition on December 24.
"That's it. It's the end. Putin is completely out of touch. And this is becoming more obvious to everyone. You had to think hard to insult the people like this," wrote one person who identified himself as Oleg Kozyrev.
A 21-year-old trainee lawyer who gave his name only as Yevgeny said in the city of Yekaterinburg: "He did not even show any interest in what people were saying ... Aliens have nothing in common with earthlings."
Many of the people at rallies over alleged electoral fraud are young professionals in big cities who have answered online calls to protest and want the political system opened up to include a liberal opposition reflecting their views.
Some of their allegations were backed by international vote monitors who said the December 4 election was slanted to favor Putin's United Russia party, although it won only a slim majority in the lower house of parliament.
Many Russians saw an announcement by Putin and President Dmitry Medvedev on September 24 that they planned to swap jobs as a sign that everything had been cooked up between them with no respect for democracy. Putin confirmed on Thursday he wanted Medvedev to become premier after the March election.
Putin sought to appear democratic and unconcerned about the protests by saying they were "absolutely normal as long as everyone acts within the framework of the law."
"From my point of view, the result of the election undoubtedly reflects public opinion in the country," he said, making clear there would be no election rerun.
But at another point, he turned to the journalist hosting the call-in and said: "I've had enough of these questions about the elections."
Russia-based economists said Putin was clearly having to work harder than in previous years to maintain his credibility and doubted he had won any new support in his performance.
"He's not winning any fresh votes. He didn't say anything to win the votes of the other crowd (of opponents) - he could have used this big event to push forward his rating," said Alexey Bachurin, of Renaissance Capital investment bank.
Putin has used the annual call-in he has held for the past decade to burnish his image as a strong leader with a detailed knowledge of the country and an interest in all its people. Thursday's show was the longest yet, beating out last year's by five minutes.
As usual there were many questions about social issues such as healthcare, pensions and housing, and Putin suggested he was the single leader capable of uniting and maintaining stability in the world's biggest energy producer.
As often in the past, he had strong words for the West, and particularly former Cold War enemy the United States.
"The United States does not need allies, it needs vassals," he said.
He defended his economic record, saying there had been some "remarkable and meaningful" achievements such as reducing poverty, despite the global economic crisis of 2008-09.
He hinted that former Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin, who is held in high regard by foreign investors and many young professionals, could return to government after falling out with the Kremlin in September.
"Such people were needed and will be needed in past and future governments," he said of Kudrin, who has spoken recently of forming a liberal party and suggested he might join protests.


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Deion Sanders' Prime Time Penthouse at The Azure in Dallas
Leave it to one of the flashiest two-way sports stars of all time to have one of the flashiest penthouse apartments in downtown Dallas,TX. After a brief hiatus off the market, former NFL cornerback and MLB outfielder Deion Sanders has re-listed his luxury residence at The Azure. "Neon Deion" had asked for as much as $7.5 million for the high-rise digs back in early 2010. This time around, however, the Pro Football Hall of Famer has priced the plush penthouse to move, and quickly, at just $4.8 million.
One of the most coveted units at The Azure thanks to its private amenities (we'll get to those in a second) and sprawling skyline views, Sanders' residence features a flowing 5,081 square feet with three bedrooms and four-and-a-half bathrooms. A grand foyer lined in black marble, gourmet kitchen and vaulted two-story living room highlight the penthouse apartment's finer interior features, while building amenities at The Azure range from 24/7 concierge and valet services to a fitness center to a 17-seat movie theater. However, the real appeal is without a doubt Prime Time's private pool. Accessible via a private elevator, Sanders' residence includes access to a private rooftop patio complete with the aforementioned pool, wet bar, outdoor fireplace and an array of cabanas.


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Vincent Zimmer is a Principal Engineer in the Software and Solutions Group at Intel Corporation. Vincent was awarded an Intel Achievement Award for his development of the EFI Framework Architecture. Michael Rothman is a Senior Staff Engineer in the Software and Solutions Group at Intel. Robert Hale is a Principal Engineer in the Desktop Enterprise Group at Intel. This article was excerpted from their book Beyond BIOS: Implementing the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface with Intel's Framework. Copyright (c) 2006 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
I believe in standards. Everyone should have one.
--George Morrow
The Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) describes a programmatic interface to the platform. The platform includes the motherboard, chipset, central processing unit (CPU), and other components. EFI allows for pre-operating system (pre-OS) agents. Pre-OS agents are OS loaders, diagnostics, and other applications that the system needs for applications to execute and interoperate, including EFI drivers and applications. EFI represents a pure interface specification against which the drivers and applications interact, and this chapter highlights some of the architectural aspects of the interface. These architectural aspects include a set of objects and interfaces described by the EFI Specification.
The cornerstones for understanding EFI applications and drivers are several EFI concepts that are defined in the EFI 1.1 Specification. Assuming you are new to EFI, the following introduction explains a few of the key EFI concepts in a helpful framework to keep in mind as you study the specification:
- Objects managed by EFI-based firmware. Used to manage system state, including I/O devices, memory, and events.
- The EFI System Table. The primary data structure with data information tables and function calls to interface with the systems.
- Handle database and protocols. The means by which callable interfaces are registered.
- EFI images. The executable content format by which code is deployed.
- Events. The means by which software can be signaled in response to some other activity
- Device paths. A data structure that describes the hardware location of an entity, such as the bus, spindle, partition, and file name of an EFI image on a formatted disk.
Objects Managed by EFI-based Firmware
Several different types of objects can be managed through the services provided by EFI. Some EFI drivers may need to access environment variables, but most do not. Rarely do EFI drivers require the use of a monotonic counter, watchdog timer, or real-time clock. The EFI System Table is the most important data structure, because it provides access to all EFI-provided the services and to all the additional data structures that describe the configuration of the platform.
EFI System Table
The EFI System Table is the most important data structure in EFI. A pointer to the EFI System Table is passed into each driver and application as part of its entry-point handoff. From this one data structure, an EFI executable image can gain access to system configuration information and a rich collection of EFI services that includes the following:
- EFI Boot Services.
- EFI Runtime Services.
- Protocol services.
The EFI Boot Services and EFI Runtime Services are accessed through the EFI Boot Services Table and the EFI Runtime Services Table, respectively. Both of these tables are data fields in the EFI System Table. The number and type of services that each table makes available is fixed for each revision of the EFI specification. The EFI Boot Services and EFI Runtime Services are defined in the EFI 1.10 Specification. Chapter 4 of the EFI 1.10 Specification describes the common uses that EFI drivers make of these services.
Protocol services are groups of related functions and data fields that are named by a Globally Unique Identifier (GUID), a 16-bit, statistically-unique entity defined in Appendix A of the EFI 1.10 Specification. Typically, protocol services are used to provide software abstractions for devices such as consoles, disks, and networks, but they can be used to extend the number of generic services that are available in the platform. Protocols are the mechanism for extending the functionality of EFI firmware over time. The EFI 1.10 Specification defines over 30 different protocols, and various implementations of EFI firmware and EFI drivers may produce additional protocols to extend the functionality of a platform.


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The biggest and most important holiday of the year is almost upon us, and I don't mean Christmas, New Years, Thanksgiving or any of those other insignificant little fetes. I mean, of course, the Super Bowl, set to kick off at 6:30 p.m. this Sunday, when millions of Americans of all colors, faiths and creeds will gather together and screw themselves into their couches to worship at the First Church of the Prolate Spheroid Pig Bladder, the Right Rev. Tom Brady presiding.
Oceans of beer, vast lakes of guacamole and enough chicken wings to render the species flightless for the next 10,000 years will be consumed that day. But if you're hungry for something a bit less, well. . . predictable, then several of our fine dining establishments are here to help.
At Russell's Blue Water Grill (2450 PGA Blvd., Palm Beach Gardens, 561/318-6344), they'll be battling it out on your plate as well as on a pair of TV screens. An a la carte menu will offer such Patriot-ic fare as New England clam chowder, lobster roll and whole belly fried Ipswich clams to compete with Giant dishes like Manhattan clam chowder, Coney Island hot dog and the inevitable Buffalo chicken wings.
Grease Burger Bar (213 Clematis St., West Palm Beach, 561/651-1075) will be dishing their signature burgers 'n' beer, along with specials like five-bottle buckets of beer for $12 (domestic) and $16 (imported), buck-fifty sliders and 50-cent wings. Oh, and free Jello shots when either team scores, which you can watch on more than a dozen flat-screen TVs.
Boca's Spin Ultra Lounge (346 Plaza Real, Mizner Park, 561/361-3999) will have 10 televisions tuned to the Holy Rumble, and along with a roster of New England and New York-themed dishes will also serve $1 wings, five brewskis for $15 and $5 well drinks. And the first 100 revelers will get the chance pick a square on Spin's Superbowl board and win some real moola.
If you're in the mood for a more white tablecloth evening of screaming at the TV, Philippe by Philippe Chow (200 E. Palmetto Park Rd., Boca Raton, 561/393-4666) is offering a three-course, $39 prix fixe menu to be served in the restaurant's private wine room. No nachos and chicken wings but lobster rolls and Beijing-style chicken. Fight fiercely team; please pass the Chablis.
And if none of those floats your boat, at Delray's Deck 84 (840 E. Atlantic Ave., 561/665-8484) they really will float your boat. Or more to the point, the uber-posh Lady Atlantic yacht, which will dock at the waterfront eatery and serve as Party Central with live music, free cocktails and, duh. . . lots of big-screen TVs. Tickets are $65 in advance, $75 at the door and you can get 'em atwww.prepandsports.org or at The Lady Atlantic at 561/243-0686.


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Barney is an ordinary fellow living a quiet life, except for one thing — gravity is inverted for him. In Reverso, Barney lives separated from the rest of humanity by the space between the ceiling and the floor, until the day the unthinkable happens.
Reverso is the work of Kimberly Honma, Clément Lauricella, and Arthur Seguin. It's a relatively dialogue-free film, but the filmmakers use clever cues to explain Barney's life and backstory. And, as sad as this little story is, it's fun to watch all the tricks they've invented to help Barney cope with his gravitational difference.
[via Kuriositas]


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We are not able to update all listings here.
Please follow links through to the organisers own event information for updates.
- This event has passed.
Sneinton Vegan Market, Nottingham
Saturday 7th November @ 11:00 - 15:00
An event every month that begins at 11:00 on day First of the month, repeating indefinitely
An event every month that begins at 11:00 on day Third of the month, repeating indefinitely
First and Third Saturday Every Month
Nottingham's Sneinton Market is a community based local social enterprise. A resource for all the communities in Sneinton, St.Ann's and the Creative Quarter.
Sneinton Vegan Market is now the established event to regularly celebrate and showcase great tasting vegan food and drink, crafts, animal rescues & other products/services.It is wonderful to see so many committed people in what is a growing movement.
Come join us on the first Saturday of each month for loads of vegan loveliness – and now also on the Third Saturdays!
Sneinton Market say:
"We are looking for VEGAN food traders and all kinds of cruelty free cosmetics, clothing, awareness raising, workshops. Product list must be approved by the market team to ensure the brief is met."
If you are interested in supporting this market please contact firstname.lastname@example.com
Traders at the Sneinton Vegan Market have included:
This directory is compiled by Veggies Catering Campaign, independently of the market, to support past, present & future vegan traders.
Whilst some of the traders are not (yet) entirely vegan, everything traded at the market is vegan. Vegan traders are marked
For details of the approximately thirty traders on any particular Saturday check out the latest Facebook event.
- A Whole Life A Vegan shop from Rainworth, Mansfield, catering for all your daily needs
- Amala Living Food Raw & cooked vegan foods for markets, events, private catering.
- Bake Off and Pie : purveyors of fine breads & pastries for the good people of Nottingham
- Beccy's Global Kitchen : Vegetarian and vegan pop-up cafe :
- Besos Food & Drinks : Besos de Oro is a vegan and gluten free 'cream' liqueur made from Spanish Brandy & Tigernut Horchata from Valencia :
- Black Star Printshop Custom printed vegan ethical T-shirts, Tote Bags and patches
- Blend : a vegan-friendly coffee lounge at Sneinton Market, for coffee or a glass of wine, great cakes, sandwiches & pastries :
- Blue Barrel Cider : a traditional cider from Sherwood & Summerwood Community Garden
- Brinsley Animal Rescue Animal Rescue run on vegan principles
- Cayenne Cuisine : Spicy street food with a Brum twist :
- Chilli Bobs : a dedicated chilli nursery at Rolleston, Notts, with spice and condiments shop along with own range of pickles and preserves
- Clemie's Vegan Cakes Pop-up vegan bakery – watch out Notts!
- Cococheesecakes Coconut powered cheesecakes
- Cramcakes – Sweet & savoury pancake stacks. Gooey porridge pots. All gluten free + crammed with goodness :
- Crocus Cafe – vegan and vegetarian community cafe at 18 Lenton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2ES :
- The Crop Club – supporting people to grow their own food at home in small spaces :
- Dash Vegan Gluten-free vegan food store & delivery service :
- Deirdre Westwood Tropic Skin Care Ambassador
- Dr Ice : Natural Organic and Vegan. Beard, Tash, Hair and Skin Care from Nottingham :
- Elia Foods : Top-quality Greek extra virgin olive oil, herbs and spices. Ceased trading in July 2018 :
- Feed Me UK Nottingham-based food stall specialising in fast food. 100% Vegan; attending events from April 2018 :
- Flavors of Africa – Authentic Nigerian Cuisine from Wellingborough (vegetarian, vegan & chicken/turkey)
- For Precious Life : Vegan, raw, gluten free, sugar free, soy free, oil free, chocolate free, gourmet natural food from Warrington :
- Free Spirit : Luxury handcrafted chocolate creations & baked treats, including vegan choices :
- Freshly Spiced : 100% natural Spice Blend recipe kits allowing you to plan your food week, healthy meals packed full of flavour :
- Gedling Herbalist – Medical Herbalist Anke Wellhausen BSc (Hons) MNIMH
- Gillie Food Speciality oriental vegan catering
- Green Revolution A Nottingham based 100% vegan catering company that is all about real food :
- Good Mood Food Rezi Zimsek: "I enjoy cooking vegan food for myself , family & friends. I have now extended this love for cooking & do events locally" :
- Hannah Edge – Nourish Yoga Glow : – Health coach, yoga teacher and essential oil distributor :
- Herbivore Bakery 100% vegan run and owned home bakery. A variety of bakes: sweet, savoury and raw :
- For Precious Life Gourmet natural food for vibrant life. Vegan, raw, gluten free :
- Frack Free Nottingham – Campaign against Unconventional Hydrocarbons (Coal Bed Methane and Shale Gas Fracking) :
- Gluten N Dairy Free Luv – Gluten & dairy free cafe in Nottingham, serving homemade cakes, deserts, Jamaican style hot food & more :
- Inspired by Vegetables – vegetarian & vegan food cooked with love from locally-grown or produced products :
- Iqbal's Samosas and Pakoras
- It's Cruelty Free quality products that are cruelty free, vegan & produced in the UK :
- Jack And The Bean – Outdoor veggie / vegan street food inspired caterers. Sister venture of Derby restaurant The Wonky Table :
- The Jam Lady – I make jams, chutneys and marmalades in my kitchen in Carlton, Nottingham. (I also sell Bramcote Moor honey) :
- Jenny Roe – Sugaring Practitioner and Weleda Advisor from East Leake
- Katy Parish Vegan Crafts :
- Keeton's Caribbean
- Khatti Meethi – Khatti – Meethi provides your special event/day with delicious tasting appetisers!
- Lakeside Ethical Treats Natural, organic, fairtrade vegan sweets and chocolates sold in aid of Midlands Vegan Campaigns :
- Lettices Isle of Wight based vegan cheese, meat & dip makers!
- Lily Jane Freelance Illustrator/artist & designer. Ethical vegan & animal/nature lover :
- Lindsey Whotton – Arbonne Consultant Grantham. Arbonne products are naturally inspired, and scientifically tested :
- Loles Cosmetics Beauty, cosmetic & personal care in Nottingham, United Kingdom :
- Lush Nottingham – Serving Bathtime Realness! Swing by and see us on Clumber Street for all of your LUSH needs!
- Magpie Brewery – Hand crafted real ales, craft keg ales and ciders
Mex It Up– Awesome vegan catering duo, now 'retired' to Bute Island Foods
- Mission Pizza – Award winning mobile wood fired vegetarian & vegan pizza. :
- Monica's Caribbean Kitchen – an authentic taste of soulful, home-cooked, flavoursome Caribbean foods :
- Moocylu's Designs Vegan related pins, stickers, and more
- Nice Lolly Co Handmade naturally delicious whole fruit and all natural ice lollies. Cool goodness on a stick. 100% plant based :
- No Baloney UK Eco-conscious vegan friendly mobile caterer offering unique tasty quality home cooked comfort food at reasonable prices
- Nottingham Animal Rights Keep up to date with the groups focuses, events and meetings and find out how you can get involved :
- The Nottingham Soapbox All of our soaps are handmade in a Nottingham kitchen!
- Notts Nibblers Rodent Rescue A small home run rescue, based in Carlton, Nottingham. We take in rodents in need and find them loving homes
- Numinums We are an ethical mobile cafe, using organic, fairly traded, and locally sourced ingredients :
- Pia's Homestyle Curry and Indian Snacks
- Primary Gardens – Urban horticulture, plants, events, workshops, garden, edible flowers, herbs, urban food growing :
- Punk 4 The Homeless – Feeding starving street children in Latin America, with money raised via the power of punk rock! :
- RawBite UK – The organic fruit and nut bite – now in the UK :
- Raw/Vegan/Unrefined Chocolates by Luisa Guilt free chocolates!
- Recycled Vegan Vegan gifts and accessories made from recycled bicycle inner tubes, tyres and bike parts :
- Roots Kitchen
- SatsumaPips Plant based butter & cheeses from sister company to Satsuma, Chester's 100% plant-based pop-Up bistro :
- Sauce Shop – Mission: to get people eating better sauce. Ditch the gloopy and bland mainstream for #realsauce :
- Skin Elixir 100% natural, organic, vegan, free from toxins, no added water, hand-blended moisturisers and perfumes :
- Soul Song Therapies & Healing Centre – raw and hot chocolate elixirs
- Stewarts of Trent Bridge – Nottingham Coffee Roasters at Sneinton Market
- Stripey Beetroot – hot & cold catering for all occasions by a small Nottingham-based business
- SUNU KËR natural vegan hair & beauty products & handmade accessories inspired by West Africa
- Superchocs vegan novelty chocolates
- Sweet Vibes Baker Vegan bakes free from refined sugar, animal products & gluten :
- Taylors of Cheshire All products are glutenfree, dairyfree & vegan & all made by hand in Cheshire!
- The Kind Kebab A 100% vegan run pop up business serving vegan kebabs at markets and fairs across the UK :
- This Means Raw Sustainable, Plant Based, Healthy Vegan and Raw Food Catering from Derby :
- Tornado Potato
- Totally Vegan Vegan cafe & caterer from Coventry
- Tropic Skincare with Joanne – Nottingham
- Tropic Vegan Skin Care – Deirdre Westwood, cosmetics and body care
- Truffle Pig Vegan chocolates hand crafted in our home kitchen in Sheffield, from the finest, natural, fairtrade ingredients :
- Twisted Teas – Step into a wonderland of tongue twisting tantalising delights with twisted teas :
- Unless – Hardcore Vegan Catering based in Derby :
- V Delivery Bringing Local Vegan Food And Products To Your Door The Same Day
- The V Spot Vegan Shop (was Bluebird Wholefoods)
- Vegan Cakery award winning cakes from Leicester
- Vegan Grindhouse Vegan gourmet street food and snacks :
- Veg 'an' Love 100% vegan homemade food. Mash-topped pies, naan bread pizza, meatball subs & more :
- Vegan Junk 100% vegan junk food based in Nottingham. Estd 2015. Vegan owned :
- Vegan Pizza Co Delicious, hand-stretched, stone baked pizzas using our own innovative meat/dairy-free recipes :
- Veganitis 100% vegan Caribbean influenced home cooked meals, for events and local collection (in Leicester) :
- Veggies Catering Campaign Vegan Campaign Catering since 1984 :
- Verna Poppy Designs Vegan artist
- v:gd Vegan Gluten Free Desserts :
- Vikki Welch, Independent Consultant, Arbonne International
- Vie for Vegan Nottingham based Vegan & Gluten free deliciousness :
- Vork Pie Handmade Vegan and Vegetarian pies and snacks
- Willow and Dove – Handmade Sweet Treats – naturally free from dairy, gluten & egg
- Zymo Foods – Fermented foods produced in Nottingham
- Weleda Wellbeing Advisor Clare Heyting, North Nottinghamshire
- Weleda Wellbeing Advisor Elanor Shaw, Leicestershire
On 31st October, 2015, In advance of World Vegan Day, Sneinton Market held an event to showcase great tasting vegan food. Such was the success that a monthly vegan market was launched on 5th December 2015. With just a couple of breaks when snowed off, Sneinton Vegan Market continues to thrive, and is now held on the first AND third Saturdays of every month.
Yummmm @veggiesnottm burgers at the #vegan market in Nottingham! pic.twitter.com/O6symCuraY
— TeenVGN (@TeenVGN) October 31, 2015


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International Standards and Conformity Assessment for all electrical, electronic and related technologies
Electrical connectors
SC 48B Scope
To prepare standards for electrical connectors and connecting devices. Standards for electrical connector test methods and for solderless connection technologies are also prepared.
Note 1: RF and fibre optic connectors will not be dealt with by the sub-committee; hybrid connectors which additionally employ RF and/or fibre optic contacts, will be handled in cooperation with TC 46 and/or TC 86.
Note 2: IEC 61984: Connectors - Safety requirements and tests is covered by this sub-committee. Safety requirements for areas already dealt with by other committees will not be developed by this sub-committee.
Further information
|United States of America
Good Working Practice
|SC 48B Officers


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VANCOUVER -- Downtown Vancouver will erupt with gunfire and fireballs tonight during filming of an upcoming episode for TV series Fringe.
Crew are already on site at 212 E. Georgia Street preparing for the interior and exterior scenes. According to a notice from FB2 Films Inc., cameras will start rolling at around 6 p.m. on the exterior of Cafe Brixton, involving FBI agents sitting inside the coffee shop.
"They are confronted by an unusual phenomenon from which they have to escape. There will be both special effect gunfire and a controlled special effect fireball associated with this work," reads a statement to neighbours.
After 6 p.m., crew will be filming scenes on the exterior of Cafe Brixton between Main Street and the alley until around 1 a.m.
The sci-fi action will continue at around 2 p.m. Thursday until the wee hours of Friday morning. Filming will begin on the sidewalk and the street outside Cafe Brixton, where crew will film the "aftermath of the fireball."
After 8 p.m., filming will continue indoors until around 4 a.m.
"One of the scenes filmed inside will be of an actor 'shooting' out a window," reads the statement. "This special effect will sound like a series of firecrackers going off."
Die-hard Fringe fans from around the globe have been keeping vigil outside downtown Vancouver film sets this week, waiting patiently for the action to unfold.
On Monday and Tuesday, looky-loos — hailing from as far away as Australia, Germany, Switzerland and South Africa — perched themselves across from the set at 1210 Jervis, watching for countless hours as scenes unfolded again, and again, and again.
Their dedication paid off.
A few had their photos taken with homegrown hero Joshua Jackson (Peter Bishop), who arrived on set for the first time on Tuesday afternoon. Others had snaps with John Noble, who plays Dr. Walter Bishop. On Tuesday, he sat in plain view of fans, studying his lines from a thick book of paper. He took a break to walk over to fans to say hello, crack some jokes and pose for photographs.
Aussie actress Anna Torv, a.k.a. Olivia Dunham, was also at the housing complex, seen often in the courtyard.
Click here to view more photos of Fringe filming in Vancouver.
Hollywood North is a hotbed of activity at the moment, with blockbuster flick Elysium, starring Matt Damon and Jodie Foster, filming in B.C. right now until Sept. 27.
The new Superman movie Man of Steel, starring Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Russell Crowe and Kevin Costner, will be here from Sept. 21 to Jan. 21.
Diary of a Wimpy Kid 3 is filming now until Aug. 31.
A star-studded cast of The Company You Keep will be here in September. Robert Redford will direct and act in the political thriller, which includes Transformers hunk Shia LaBeouf as an ambitious young reporter.
Hugh Jackman and the cast of Wolverine 2 will be in town Nov. 11 to March 1, 2012.
A number of TV movies and TV series are also in the works.
This is a big weekend for Supernatural fans: an opportunity to seek a close encounter with the lead male heartthrobs, Jared Padalecki and Jensen Ackles. Click here to read more.
For the latest Hollywood North updates, follow Katya on Twitter.
Got a tip? Email firstname.lastname@example.com


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Lionel Pennsylvania Flyer LionChief Train Set 6-83984
Champion of the rails, the Pennsylvania Flyer includes a remote control for easy operation and walk-around fun. A powerful 0-8-0 leads the rugged freight smoothly around a full 40"x 60" oval of FasTrack .
Set Includes:
0-8-0 locomotive and tender
Three-dome tank car
Eight curved O36 FasTrack track sections, one 10" straight FasTrack Plug-Expand-Play power lock-on section, one FasTrack terminal section, and two 10" straight FasTrack sections.
54W wall-pack power supply
LionChief remote for locomotive
Locomotive Features:
Electric locomotive controlled by remote or Bluetooth LionChief app
Operating headlight
On/Off switches for smoke and sound
RailSounds RC sound system with steam chuffing and background sounds, and useractivated whistle, bell, and announcements.
Puffing smoke
Powerful maintenance-free motor
Operating couplers
Chuffing sounds in synch with puffing smoke
Rolling Stock Features:
Operating couplers
Opening doors on boxcar
Metal handrails and ladders on tank car LionChief Remote Features:
Forward and reverse speed control knob
Three buttons to activate whistle, bell, and special announcements
Requires three AAA alkaline batteries (not included)
Rail Line: Pennsylvania
Gauge: O Gauge
Scale Type: Traditional
Power: Electric
Engine Type: Steam
Min Curve: O31
Dimensions: Set Length: 45" "
Most Recent Catalog: 2017 Ready-to-Run Catalog


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Wilson, Hamilton offer differing views on Cruz
ANAHEIM -- The Angels faced the division-rival Rangers on Monday without a man who has haunted them for years, Nelson Cruz, who was one of 13 players suspended for their link to the now-shuttered Biogenesis anti-aging clinic.
Josh Hamilton, who shared the outfield with Cruz over the previous five years, said he was "very surprised" to hear the news and was mostly forgiving, saying: "He made a mistake, and I've made plenty of those."
C.J. Wilson, Cruz's teammate in Texas from 2006-11, was not.
"I've known Nelson for many years, always thought he was a great guy and teammate, but at this point, he's a competitor, on the other team, so it's immaterial what I think," said Wilson, also the Angels' players' union representative. "He got hits off me and I'm [ticked] off about that."
Cruz, who addressed his team before the start of a three-game series but was not made available to the media, has posted a .292 batting average and an .877 OPS in 106 career games against the Angels, with 25 homers and 69 RBIs. During last week's three-game series in Texas, which the Rangers swept on the strength of three walk-off homers, Cruz went 5-for-9 with a homer and three walks.
"It's affected our team," Wilson said of all those violating Major League Baseball's Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment program. "We've played against these guys. They've all hit home runs against us, struck us out, and we're not happy about that. We were hoping [the suspensions] would happen sooner rather than later to give us a chance to play against the clean guys."
MLB on Monday suspended 13 players as a result of the league's Biogenesis investigation. Yankees third baseman Alex Rodriguez received the stiffest penalty -- a 211-game ban without pay through the end of the 2014 regular season. Rodriguez, 38, has appealed the suspension, which is to begin Thursday. His case will be heard by arbitrator Fredric Horowitz.
Rodriguez's discipline, MLB said in its written announcement, is based on his use and possession of numerous forms of prohibited performance-enhancing substances, including testosterone and human growth hormone, over the course of multiple years. Rodriguez's discipline under the Basic Agreement is for attempting to cover up his violations of the program by engaging in a course of conduct intended to "obstruct and frustrate" the investigation.
Wilson believes the A-Rod ordeal is "going to end in a [ESPN] '30 For 30' special."
"It's a saga; always has been for him," Wilson said. "He's been in the spotlight for 20 years. Nothing is gonna change that. He has one of those polarizing personalities that people are going to be drawn to. People will think he's a villain no matter what he does.
"Good for the game that they're finally getting him on something. All these press conferences, Good Morning America, 20-20, enough of that -- let's just play some baseball and stop trying to be a role model. All those quotes are hilarious for everybody in our clubhouse."
The other players who were handed 50-game suspensions include Cruz, Tigers shortstop Jhonny Peralta, Mariners catcher Jesus Montero, Padres shortstop Everth Cabrera, Yankees catcher Francisco Cervelli, Phillies reliever Antonio Bastardo and recently demoted Mets utility man Jordany Valdespin. Minor Leaguers Fernando Martinez, Jordan Norberto, Fautino De Los Santos, Cesar Puello and Sergio Escalona were also suspended.
"I think the issue centers around greed," Wilson said. "If anybody says it's something else, they're not telling the truth. The players want to do well because they want to get bigger contracts. That money they earn is tainted, just like their statistics are.
"We need the greed to stop. I've accepted the fact I'm not a $300-million player. God didn't bless me with that. I'm dealing with regular-guy stuff and trying to compete, and that's the way it is for the rest of the guys in this dugout. You're dealt a certain hand and you have to play that. Stop being a baby and move on."
Hamilton hasn't reached out to Cruz yet, but plans to in due time.
In a statement, the 33-year-old slugger attributed his PED usage to "a gastrointestinal infection" that affected him from November 2011 to January 2012 and forced him to lose 40 pounds weeks before the start of Spring Training last year.
"I was there last year and I saw him when he came to Spring Training and what he looked like," Hamilton said. "I asked the same questions everyone else did. 'What happened?' 'How did you get sick?' There was nothing he said to me that made me question anything.
"It's one of those things, you know? You're teammates, you spend a lot of times with him. Some guys keep certain parts of their lives to themselves. Take from what you see. Nellie was always a good teammate. I enjoyed playing with him and enjoyed having him in the locker room."


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Internet commenters, take note! Some postings may result in a lawsuit.
Real Housewives of Miami star Lisa Hochstein is suing a woman named Jessica Lederman for remarks she made about Hochstein in the comments section of an entertainment news website, TMZ reports.
You're how old?! See stars who don't look their age
"Lisa was an escort who also did soft porn in Vegas," Lederman wrote, in response to a story about the Bravo franchise, according to the report. Hochstein says the comment is not only completely untrue, but also caused her "severe emotional distress," the lawsuit states.
Check out the best and worst fashions from the SAG Awards
The Real Housewife is suing for more than $15,000 and claiming Lederman's post "damaged her reputation and threatened both her employment and social life," according to TMZ.
Do you think Lederman should have to pay?


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Dr. Karen Lips and her team documented the association of disease and the massive decline of amphibians within a protected national park in El Cope, Panama in 2006 (Lips, K. R., Brem, F., Brenes, R., Reeve, J. D., Alford, R. A., Voyles, J., Carey, C., Livo, L., Pessier, A. P. & Collins, J. P. 2006. Emerging infectious disease and the loss of biodiversity in a Neotropical amphibian community. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 103:3165-3170.). Further findings just published by Andrew Crawford, Karen Lips and Eldredge Bermingham in PNAS have shown through DNA barcoding techniques that although 30 species are known to have disappeared from this study site, nearly a dozen more may have disappeared before they were even described to science!
I ran across this recent press on the subject following the publication of their paper and thought I'd share it: http://www.physorg.com/news198764525.html
More information on this publication can be found here: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/07/09/0914115107
Knowing that habitat loss is the number one threat to amphibians and thinking about how many species we KNOW are lost to habitat loss, it makes me think about how these new data may indicate that even more species lost via destruction of their homes is even higher than we know! Not only are species going missing faster than we discover new ones, the rate is much higher than I would have thought.


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I'm writing up a CV (my secret identity is a mild-mannered software engineer); there's a volunteer project I did (related to my undergrad studies) that I want to describe, and I'm not sure where to put it.
It's a standalone program which completes a certain task. Is that "work experience" because it's basically similar to working? Possibly "Education" because the work was in the context of my degree? Or something else?
And, seeing as this was a side-project which I worked on for a long period but at low intensity - how should I be describing the timeframe of this project?


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- Stocks To Watch Today
P&C Insurer Earnings Could Take 26% Hit from Sandy: Morgan Stanley
- Order Reprints
- Print Article
Property & Casualty insurers could see earnings fall by an average of 26% after Hurricane Sandy, Morgan Stanley analyst Gregory Locraft wrote today.
Insured losses are expected to be at least $5 billion, with some estimates rising as high as $15 billion, Locraft notes, relying on data from multiple catastrophe modeling firms. These kinds of major events, however, tend to see losses rise over time.
Morgan Stanley is "[l]owering fourth quarter P&C carrier EPS an average 26% with primary players bearing the brunt of losses. Our 4Q EPS assumes $7-10b in Sandy losses (1.4-2x Hurricane Irene) and is allocated based on (1) Irene experience and (2) market share in affected states. We note there is little cushion left for future 4Q cat losses with 2 months remaining."
Among the companies that could take a big earnings hit are ACE (ACE), AIG (AIG), Allstate (ALL), Chubb (CB), and Travelers (TRV). Of those, Locraft slashed his estimates for Chubb, Travelers, and AllState by more than 40% each.
Property & casualty insurers should be able to retain their pricing power, which has "been rising steadily this year," he adds.
"Best to buy P&C brokers following a large P&C loss event; Marsh & McLennan (MMC) our favorite. Stock return analysis following the largest events in P&C history reveal P&C broker stock outperformance on both an absolute and relative basis. P&C carrier stocks initially fare worse as the impact of losses is digested but then outperform as higher P&C pricing power becomes a focus. Our favorite P&C broker is MMC as it offers 15%+ EPS growth and an approximately 3% dividend yield at an attractive valuation."


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Local SEO Services for London Businesses
Rhetoric can help your business with SEO even if it's based in London. We specialise in online marketing, use contemporary communications methods and just do what we say we will. We help businesses like yours get to first page of Google with ultimate goal of increasing inquiries and growing your business within London, surrounding areas and beyond.
Organic search engine optimisation is crucial for you to target your demographics with clear purchase intent, or spread the brand awareness in what you do.
We will help you with all aspects of SEO from keyword research, website technical optimisation to improvement of content quality so you can out rank your toughest competitors.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many pages my websites needs?
In general, it depends on how many products or services you have, and in how many markets you work with. For example, if you offer 3 services in London, you probably want to build presence in surrounding areas like Abbey Wood, Acton, Aldwych, Archway, Barking, Barkingside, Barnes, Battersea, Bayswater, Beckenham, Beckton, Belgravia, Belvedere or Bermondsey. Do you need to have page for every single area? No absolutely not, we can help you do the necessary research an decide which London locations are worth optimising for Local SEO based on search volumes and interest in your business and products.
What does quality content mean?
These days quality content is such a buzz word, and doesn't help in understanding regardless whether you are in London or somewhere else. When we say that you need quality content to rank for such competitive locations like London, or any large city for that matter – we mean that you need at least 500 – 750 words supported by images, videos and possibly a voiceover of the text. This is to provide truly spectacular experience for your visitors and help them decide to get in touch with you.
Do I need web developer to do SEO?
Technical search engine optimisation side is challenging, however most of the time you won't need a developer as SEO are quite technical at heart, and it can also be one of your briefing questions when you try to hire SEO in London or remotely. There are times however that your SEO might have to collaborate with your web developer of web development agency to get your site properly setup.
Why do I need to pay for premium hosting?
Usually, self built sites, free and cheap hosting packages are poor in terms of server response times what slows down your site and often causes disruption when site goes down. Premium, fully managed solution from trusted partner ensures continuity of service and smooth user experience. We know that for your London based users your site might be blazing fast but in many scenarios they will try accessing it from remote locations or abroad and they're likely to struggle if you cut your budget on hosting.


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Licensed Rock and Roll T-Shirts, Tees, Tie-Dyes, Hoodies, Gifts & Accessories | Baby, Youth, Men's, Women's & Plus Size Tees. Orders Ship Same Day or Next Business Day!
Liquid Blue celebrates the Rock & Roll era with an electric inventory of T-Shirts, Tees, Tie-Dyes, Accessories and Gifts, from a dynamic array of bands and solo artists including The Grateful Dead, AC/DC, Pink Floyd, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Jimi Hendrix, The Allman Brothers, Eric Clapton, Aerosmith, and much more.