During February the Project activities included completion of the cost-benefit analysis for the MWMF Project, completion of the 95% Title 2 design review for the DWTF Phase 2, further development of an MWMF business plan for working with industry, and finalization of outstanding issues from the Preliminary Design Review. Based on the best available data, the results of the cost-benefit analysis lead to three simple conclusions: (1) it would be cost effective for the DOE to complete pilot-scale demonstrations of alternatives to incineration prior to design and construction of full-scale facilities; (2) given that demonstrations are to be conducted, it is more cost effective to consolidate these in the MWMF, cost-benefit from a centralized demonstration facility will more than pay for the cost of the facility over the first eight demonstrations; (3) as the cost for independent site demonstrations or the cost for deploying full-scale treatment facilities is reduced, the net benefit of demonstrations is reduced. However, under these circumstances, the risk of deploying technologies increases and the ability to promote competition among small companies, unable to compete with independent pilot-scale demonstrations, will be significantly reduced. The 95% design review of the MWMF building, DWTF Phase 2, was completed withmore » a number of minor comments to be incorporated in the final design. Technically, the first phase of testing for the MSO (Molten Salt Oxidation) demonstrations in the engineering development unit (EDU) have been completed. A number of key engineering issues were identified and resolved including the parameters associated with the chloride content for salt recycle, baffle design, side injector, burst disk design, and material evaluations. The EDU unit will be refurbished in March for continued operations to finalize design details for the downcomer injector for solid and liquid feeds, alternate baffle design, and other engineering design issues.« less


For many libraries, social media is a key part of an effective marketing strategy. However, the outreach materials shared on social media sites can be inaccessible to patrons with disabilities if accessibility is not a part of the content creation workflow. This excludes an important segment of the library's community from a major avenue of communication. This article considers best practices and tools for designing content that will be accessible across social media sites. It also explains key accessibility features and considerations for specific popular social media sites, such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and more.


The invention relates to materials which are based on organosilicon compounds, are storable with exclusion of water and are crosslinkable to elastomers on ingress of water at room temperature, which comprise organic acids and basic nitrogen or basic phosphorus, to processes for preparation thereof and to moldings produced therefrom.


The nineteenth century witnessed almost unprecedented church building activity in Hampshire. New district churches appeared in rapidly expanding urban parishes and most existing structures, including those in rural areas, underwent substantial restoration, refurbishment and enlargement.
 This paper compares two of these churches from the 1840s: St. Peter's, Southampton and St. Nicholas', Newnham. Despite their apparent differences, they share a number of characteristics in common, most obviously their Romanesque style and inclusion of a Rhenish helm spire. The history of their
 construction will be examined in the context of the contemporary revival of medieval ecclesiastical architecture and developments in Ecclesiology (the study of church buildings, furnishings and decoration). Consideration will be given to how the Rhenish helm came to be adopted at both churches
 and to what extent St. Peter's influenced the design and arrangements at Newnham. This article will also consider whether the same architect was involved.


The increasing trends towards miniaturization in many different application fields, from optical communications to medicine, have produced in the past few years a dramatic progress in the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microoptomechanical systems (MOEMS) [1]. Miniature robots, micro mirrors, micro actuators, optical scanners are some examples of MEMS devices. New applications are emerging as the existing technology is applied to the miniaturization and integration of conventional devices. The reliability of such systems is an important issue that still requires advanced research. For the quality inspection, it is necessary to know not only their geometry but also the displacements or deformations due to the mechanical, thermal or electrostatic loads. The measurement of the deformation of micromechanical systems may be used for the calculation of strain and, along with the evaluation of applied forces, allows for obtaining stresses and consequently extraction of material parameters [2]. This information may in turn be used for the validation of FEM models and eventually detect defects in microsystems. Since the structures themselves exhibit typical dimensions of the order of some micrometers, it is necessary to measure the deformation with accuracies in the nanometer range.


Technological advances have led to the generation of large amounts of data, both in surgical research and practice. Despite this, it is unclear how much originates in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) and what barriers exist to the use of such data in improving surgical care. The aim of this review was to capture the extent and impact of programmes that use large volumes of patient data on surgical care in LMICs.


In this paper, a new document summarization method, which uses the semantic features and the pseudo relevance feedback (PRF) by using WordNet, is introduced to extract meaningful sentences relevant to a user query. The proposed method can improve the quality of document summaries because the inherent semantic of the documents are well reflected by the semantic feature from NMF. In addition, it uses the PRF by the semantic features and WordNet to reduce the semantic gap between the high level user`s requirement and the low level vector representation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better performance that the other methods.


This essay studies the use of films as a didactic resource for the analysis of discrimination at school. After an approach to the issue of discrimination, it explores the possibilities of films to in relation with specific didactic criteria. Finally, it tells about a specific experience aimed at the first years in Primary Education.


To get insight into the components and variations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in a lab-scale drinking water biological aerated filter (BAF), the concentrations and three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectrum of DOC and DON were determined and analyzed; peak identification, fluorescence regional integration (FRI) analysis and a parallel factor (PARAFAC) model were applied to analyze the 3D-EEM spectrum. Fluorescent DOC in the BAF mainly existed in the form of humic acids and fulvic acids, and fluorescent DON mainly existed in tryptophan protein form. Protein-like substances accounted for more than 60% of fluorescent organic matter through FRI analysis. Tyrosine and tryptophan-like proteins, and fulvic acid-like substances were effectively removed through the BAF process, while humic acids remained almost unchanged. The results of peak identification, FRI analysis, and PARAFAC model were consistent with each other, especially for FRI and PARAFAC. It is manifest that the FRI technique and PARAFAC model are effective tools for 3D-EEM spectrum analysis. The FRI technique proved to be more suitable to characterize DOC and DON in this study than peak identification and the PARAFAC model.


The Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) for the Housatonic River includes both a simple Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA) and a Microexposure Event (MEE) analysis for each of the fish and waterfowl consumption risk assessments. While EPA has undertaken these analyses in an effort to provide risk managers with a more complete evaluation of potential risks due to these exposure pathways, there are a number of problems with the approach that has been used. The net result is that the analyses presented by EPA do not accurately reflect the data upon which they are based or the relationships among the variables. As a result, the outputs from these analyses are essentially the same as the results of the point estimate calculations and do not constitute an improvement over point estimates for characterizing potential risks to consumers of fish or waterfowl in the HHRA.


CASE REPORT (ABSTRACT): Background: The malignancies increase the risk for thromboembolic disease, which may be present as an additional clinical entity or as a first sign in a patient with occult neoplastic disease. Case Report: We present the case of a 45 years old man initially admitted in emergency due to dyspnea, hypoxemia and hemoptysis. The CT scan and ultrasound exam diagnosed a thromboembolism. The anticoagulant therapy was performed. After one month the patient was readmitted for the same symptoms and the CT scan revealed an atelectatic opacity in the base of the left lung and extension of the thromboembolic disease in the superior vena cava and right atrium. The bronchoscopy including ultrasound and biopsy revealed an adenocarcinoma and adenopathies (stage IIIB - T2N3M0). Chemotherapy has been initiated and, after 3 cycles, partial regression of the tumor and significant regression of thromboembolic disease were revealed. However, both malignant and thrombembolic disease recurred within 6 months, despite optimum anticoagulation and completion of 6 chemotherapy cycles and the patient died 7 months after initial diagnosis. Conclusions: The present case demonstrates potential difficulties in the management of thromboembolic disease in patients with lung malignancies where the usual treatment with anticoagulants may fail. The management of the primary disease by chemotherapy may provide a transient regression of thromboembolic symptoms if malignancy regresses. However, definitive control of the disease is difficult to achieve in these cases.


To enhance the stability and validity of the ventilation quantity in minemain ventilator,a novel arithmetic of sensor data fusion was presented.A sensor error data was deleted by statistics theory and the mean value of valid data was worked out.Mean values of multi-sensors were obtained and fused by intelligent station.An original algorithm of similar multi-sensor data fusion was introduced.The fusion results are independent of the interdependence of multi-sensor data threshod value set according to experience.According to the fuzziness determining the relation matrix,a threshold interval is proposed to estimate the degree of the support among the sensors.The conic is used in the threshold interval.The application indicated that the data of the ventilation quantity is accurate and reliable.


Excess molar enthalpies, measured at the temperature 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure conditions by means of a flow microcalorimeter, are reported for the ternary mixtures {x1 dipropyl ether + x2 dibutyl ether + (1 − x1 − x2) (1-hexene or tetrahydrofuran)}. A smooth representation of the results is described and used to construct constant-enthalpy contours on a Roozeboom diagram. It is shown that good estimates of the excess molar enthalpies of the ternary systems can be obtained from the Liebermann−Fried model by using the physical properties of the pure components and the parameters determined from their binary mixtures.


To investigate the effects of blood compatibility on composite surface for nano-sized carbon as a dispersed phase of polyurethanes. A novel nano-scale polymeric composite film was prepared by dispersing nano-sized carbon into the polyurethane solutions. The surface blood compatibilities of the composites were analyzed and evaluated through platelet adhesion measurement using epifluorescent video microscopy and the variation of fibrinogen and free haemoglobin concentration in the blood contacting the composite respectively. The changes of the concentration of both free haemoglobin and fibrinogen in the blood contacting the composite surface are less than the ones contacting the reference surface. Introducing nano-sized carbon into the polyurethane matrix showed an improvemed antithrombogenicity by polyurethane materials.


Improved muscle protein mass and increments in maximum voluntary muscle force have rarely been observed in men and women aged 60 years and older who were treated with rhGH. Although rhGH administration has been reported to increase lean body mass in older men and women, it is doubtful that this increase is localized to skeletal muscle contractile proteins. When rhGH administration was combined with 16 weeks of resistance exercises, increases in muscle mass, muscle protein synthesis, and muscle force were not greater in the rhGH-treated group than in a weight training group that received placebo injections. Side effects of rhGH treatment in elderly people are prevalent, not trivial, and further limit its usefulness as an effective anabolic agent for promoting muscle protein accretion in men and women. In particular, the induction of insulin resistance and carpal tunnel compression reduces the efficacy of rhGH replacement therapy in elderly individuals. The evidence for a GH-induced increase in human skeletal muscle protein and maximum voluntary muscle force is weak. The optimum dose and GH-replacement paradigm (GHRH, GH-secretagogues) have not been identified. Whether rhGH therapy improves muscle protein mass and force in individuals with severe cachexia associated with major trauma, burns, surgery, or muscular dystrophy is controversial and under investigation.


Mr. J. IIorr~~arav, F.R.I.B.A. (Glasgow), said he must admit having spoken rather rashly with regard to the absence of traps altogether. Protection from smell was quite as good a reason for using traps as protection from cold draughts. He would not like it to be supposed that he advised the omission of all traps between waste pipes, &c., and the house, although he said that as a protection against air fiom the house drain they would be unnecessary. He was sorry he could not agree with jB:1r. Field regarding the necessity of more air in the drain; he thought it could be shown to be physically impossible . to ventilate a drain only six inches in diameter sufficiently without mechanical force. Mr. Field said he got a six-inch pipe perfectly without smell ; but even if he did he must be aware that a smell was


In 395 A.D., King Gwanggaeto of Goguryo conquered Paeryo in the area of Siramuren river. In that time, Later-Yan gone into war with Northern Wei. Northern Wei invaded territory of Later-Yan in march of 395 A.D. Northern Wei defeated utterly Later-Yan in Chamhabpa of Eastern Mongolia. In 385 A.D., Goguryo had a war with Later-Yan for taking Yodong. After the war between Goguryo and Later-Yan, both countries became potential enemies for each other. Later-Yan had a battle with Northern Wei In 395 A.D. At that time, King Gwanggaeto conquered Paeryo without check of Later-Yan. Goguryo obtained flocks of sheep, horses and cattle. These material resources were used attack on Baekje. After conquest of Paeryo, King Gwanggaeto of Goguryo made a round of Yodong for hunting. In that time, Yodong was territory of Later-Yan. Later-Yan raise an large scale army against Northern Wei. In the face of these situations, the Goguryo forces could understand topograpies and planimetric feat1ures of Yodong area. Meanwhile, this theses takes note of relationship between Goguryo and Later-Yan. Goguryo employed a foreign policy in which it maintained the installation relationship with Later-Yan in 396 A.D.. At this time, Later-Yan was consistently attacked by Northern Wei. In this situation, if Goguryo had invaded in Later-Yan, Later-Yan had to raise the tomahawk with Goguryo and Northern Wei. On this reason, Later-Yan used installation relationship as a safety device. On one hand, Goguryo accepted installation relationship. Why did accept Goguryo installation relationship from Later-Yan? Because Goguryo was admitted the dominium in the region of Pyeongju, Yodong and Daebang by Later-Yan. Also, It had relevance to a relation with Baekje. Goguryo captured 58 castles and 700 country of Baekje in 396 A.D. In this situation, Goguryo could concentrated on attacking Baekje without unawaring of Later-Yan.


This...thesis examines the factors that influence college enrollment at two levels of aggregation. The first model looks at enrollments by state. The second model explains enrollments at an individual institution, Iowa State University. A model simi lar to Becker's human capital investment model is used in this empirical analysis. Many of the results of the OLS regressions are consistent with economic theory and previous research. They indicate that education at both levels of aggregation is a normal good. T he results also indicate that increases in tuition will lead to less than proportional decreases in the state-level enrollments. However, an increase in tuition at an individual institution, will lead to at least a proportional reduction in institutional nonresident enrollment. This would imply that lSU might realize significant increases in nonresident tuition revenues from a decrease in the cost of attending Iowa State.


One of the most important considerations to braze Cu-Al dissimilar materials is control of brittle metallic compound which makes it difficult to obtain a sound brazed joint. Nowdays, several attempts were made to control the metallic compound. But effective method for controlling metallic compound was not established. In this point of view, commercially pure aluminum and copper were used as base metal and Al-Si-X and Zn-Al-X alloy systems were developed as filler metal. Brazing was carried out to find optimum conditions for Cu-Al dissilmilar joint. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: 1) The joint brazed by Al-Si-X filler metal showed good brazeability and mechanical properties. The tensile strength of the joint brazed over solidus temperature was more than 90% of Al base metal. Especially, the joint brazed at liquidus temperature was fractured in the Al base metal. 2) Fluorides fluxes(a mixture of potassium fluoro-aluminates) were used to improve surface cleanliness of base metal and wettability of Al-Si-X filler metal. It was melted at the temperature about 10℃ lower than that of the filler metal, and made appropriate brazing environment. Therefore, it could be a proper selection as flux.


The fine art PhD raises several questions about the relationship between art and knowledge: does the research process contaminate art? Can the verbal categories used in knowledge claims capture the content of art? Isn"t art impossible to pin down in conceptual or cognitive terms anyway? These questions assume that art and the categories used in knowledge claims are opposed. This chapter sets out to show that conceiving of art and knowledge as a binary distinction is too simplistic, and that categories are in a state of movement in such a way that prevents any clear cut division between art and knowledge, where this lack of division is a positive outcome. The basis for discussion is the deconstruction–reconstruction contest in philosophy over the political effectiveness of deconstruction and, in particular, Jürgen Habermas"s assertion that Jacques Derrida"s perpetual playing with categories denies the possibility of realworld, political reconstruction. At the centre of the Derrida–Habermas dispute, I argue, is a difference over how movement between categories (what I term "crosscategoriality") is understood to account for the cognitive and political effectiveness of art, aesthetics and deconstruction. I do not argue for one side over the other, but I do show how the competing models of cross-categoriality in the deconstruction– reconstruction debate lead to a series of mutually compatible approaches to fine art research. The emphasis on cross-categoriality is particularly useful, I maintain, because it demonstrates how subjective aesthetic judgments, through the crossing of categories, act upon the network of concepts used in knowledge claims. The mutually compatible nature of the approaches to fine art research, while not pointing to any immediate resolution in the deconstruction–reconstruction contest, does nevertheless suggest ways in which the two sides might orient themselves other than diametric opposition. Deconstructing and reconstructing artists with PhDs 2 MICHAEL CRAIG-MARTIN: There are hundreds of kids in Britain doing PhDs – PhDs! – in fine art. And the terrible thing is, where does a PhD have meaning? In the art world? No. It has meaning in one place. JOHN BALDESSARI: Teaching. MICHAEL CRAIG-MARTIN: Now what"s going to happen is we"re going to end up with schools that are entirely run by people with PhDs, who have no experience of the art world at all. It could not be a worse situation... [Artists] are doing the highest-level research in the world. If you want the highest-level research, you need to go to Jeff Wall or whomever. You need people who are out there, in the world, doing what it is that an artist does. (Baldessari and Craig-Martin 2009, 45-6; original emphasis) Except: "what does an artist do"? Is there a definition or a set of necessary or sufficient conditions which captures and describes what an artist does? Arguably, since the transition in the twentieth century from the readymade, through happenings and conceptual art, to socially-engaged art practice, there is no longer a set of clearly defined actions or properties which belong exclusively to art practice. Art is now an open concept, appropriating, subverting, challenging or rearticulating any context or discourse with which it comes into contact. The quotation displays Craig-Martin"s exasperation at the advent of the PhD in fine art. His antipathy is directed against the idea that artists might treat the PhD as an endorsement of their status as artists, a badge of honour or achievement, when the Deconstructing and reconstructing artists with PhDs 3 qualification has no currency or value in the art world in this respect. On this matter, he is probably right. However, unacknowledged and unchecked in Craig-Martin"s statements is the complex of competing institutional forces which constitutes the art world. He does not make explicit what he means by "art world" but, as far as he is concerned, it rules supreme as the domain which counts when it comes to being an artist. He assumes, admittedly with assistance from Baldessari (his conversation partner), that the interests of teaching are opposed to those of being an artist. This would seem to suggest a highly compartmentalized metaphysics is at work: learning, teaching, the construction of knowledge lie over there in the academic world; the creation of art sits over here in the art world. An ironic state of affairs given that Craig-Martin"s reputation in the art world rests equally upon his practice as an artist and upon his being the head of the fine art department at Goldsmiths in the late 1980s when the YBAs – the Young British Artists, made up of Goldsmiths students including Angus Fairhurst, Damien Hirst, Gary Hume, Michael Landy, and Sarah Lucas – exploded onto the London art scene. There is no acknowledgment that both academia and the art world are institutions steered by economic and political forces (including patronage, selection for posts or shows, and a celebrity or star system) and, as such, may be able to work with or against one another (or any conciliatory or subversive relation in between) in affecting those forces. Most disappointingly, there is no acknowledgment from Craig-Martin that the intersection between art and research culture might generate insights or resistances which are exciting for reasons either internal or external to the art world, or a series of hybrid, interdisciplinary practices which upset conventional assessment criteria (which arguably would be a good thing). While Craig-Martin might think that the concept of what an artist does is readily available and can be unproblematically relied upon, I suspect that an audience familiar with contemporary art, if pressed to write a list under the heading "What an artist does", would arrive at a long, sprawling and possibly contradictory sequence or cloud of terms. To my mind, "length", "sprawl" and "contradiction" would all be desirable qualities. But the longer or fatter, more sprawling and contradictory the list or cloud became, the weaker "what an artist does" would Deconstructing and reconstructing artists with PhDs 4 become as a straightforward idea, easily isolatable from questions of learning, teaching, and the construction of knowledge. What has the prospect of artists having PhDs got to do with the legacy of deconstruction, the focus of the Myths of Contemporaneity project? The project has two aims (quoting from the original workshop brief): (1) to assess whether deconstruction "can still represent a resource, or contain a series of criticalities, that denounces [philosophical, moral, political] insufficiency in some manner", and (2) to establish whether these criticalities "can find their outcome in a different sensitivity, mainly attentive on the aspects of the reconstruction of meaning, that seem to have shown themselves on more levels in the last two decades". Decisive for both aims is the distinction between deconstruction and reconstruction. The distinction embodies the tensions, contradictions and demands which arise once one begins to ask about the practical, moral and political application of deconstruction. Reconstruction in the context of political philosophy expects philosophy to make proposals or intervene in society in the interests of generating better forms of life socially, politically, technologically, and culturally. Habermas has serious reservations about the capacity of deconstruction to answer ethical and political questions. In his first, notorious engagement with deconstruction, he accuses Derrida of levelling the distinction between philosophy and literature and, in so doing, losing sight of the specific way in which each mediates between "expert cultures and the everyday world" (Habermas 2006, 30). In his Habermas-inspired critique, McCarthy argues that deconstruction"s vocabulary of "contradiction", "destabilization", "interruption", and "undermining", does not lend itself to the projects of constructing and reconstructing the ideals, principles and laws which shape our lives. However, for others, it is precisely deconstruction"s generation of undecidability which confirms its political relevance, for example, with Connolly, introducing a dissonance–concordance relation into politics to make room for unheard voices (Connolly 1987, 138; quoted in McCarthy 1991, 76) or, with Critchley, questioning a political regime"s claims to legitimacy by demonstrating its reliance upon undecidable propositions (Critchley 1999, 199). For some critics, there remains the problem with deconstruction that it reduces the human subject to being the effect of a textual or structural process, such as difference or desire, an epiphenomenon of a Deconstructing and reconstructing artists with PhDs 5 process which applies to meaning and the world in general. There is therefore nothing that is proper to the subject. As Feltham and Clemens make the point, "in poststructuralism there is no distinction between the general field of ontology and a theory of the subject; there is no tension between the being of the subject and being in general" (Feltham and Clemens 2003, 4). This is something to which the philosophies of reconstruction and, more recently, of immanence, have responded. Artists having PhDs, I want to argue, becomes a case in point for the legacy of deconstruction in that fine art research forces us to consider the ontology of art – its nature, its presence, its amenability to categorization, whether it is a thing in itself – and the relationships it has with what lies "outside" art. What the fine art PhD does is prevent art from being on its own. It affirms the idea that art is not a domain with a set of defining properties which it can call its own (recall the problems I highlight for CraigMartin"s concept of artists "doing what artists do"). Art practice, generated in the context of a PhD, is required to make a contribution to knowledge. This happens through the artistic process intersect


This paper aims at exploring a novel criterion for sustainable running of biped robots subject to external perturbations. A new notion of running-feasible state is introduced to ensure that a biped can sustain a running motion starting from this state by an allowable control. Then a running-feasible set is estimated by using the orbit energy and the symmetric property of the inverted pendulum model. Based on the developed sustainable running criterion, a non-periodic reference trajectory is generated within a running-feasible set for disturbance rejection in real time and a control law is then designed to track the reference trajectory. In simulation, a five-link, four-actuator biped transits its speed between 2.8 m/s and 4.8 m/s in responding to external disturbances of pushing forward and backward. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of balance recovery in a running biped, resembling the reaction pattern of a human being.


In earth mortars the binder is the clay. When cement or lime is used, its goal is to stabilize the mortar face water. When prevented from water, unstabilized earth mortars can be produced ans applied in building sites. Methods like Squeeze-flow, Abrams cone, Flow table, Cone impression or Penetrometer have been adopted in order to obtain rheological parameters of mortars. Except the rheometer, all other testing systems measure only one rheological parameter. This parameter measured is something related to both viscosity and yield shear stress. It can be slump, flow diameter, penetration, flow time. Each one measures the sensitivity of the influence of water in the consistency of the mortar but definitely does not allow the graphical description of the rheological law, giving precisely the viscosity and yield stress of the mortar, provided only by rheometers. Depending on the material and its application, only one measurement is enough to satisfy the requirements. But sometimes it is not. The goal of this paper is to present the influence of clay on the rheological law of earth mortars by the use of a rheometer. The results show that these unstabilized earth mortars are governed by a Bingham model. Introduction Nowadays, earthen masonry is managed by masons' empirism, without scientific direction. This is often true for baked brick cement-sand mortars masonries. Earth Masonry still remains dependent on the manual skill of the mason and especially on its knowledge. The mason accepts a mortar with his judged workability with the trowel. However this empirical know-how is often lost in Europe and in case of a new material, difficult to apply. On the other hand, the scientists must understand the behavior of the mortar with their own tools, in order to be able at least to justify the work of the mason, or to give him the means of better appreciating the mortars on building site. The purpose of this research is to obtain scientific parameters which can validate earth as a viable building material for masonries. These scientific parameters are useful for the redaction of standards which would allow governmental institutions to choose earth as a building material for public constructions. For masonry, it is important that the research assess the earth mortar workability and generally its behavior in the fresh state. This last can be obtained by the use of a rheometer [1](Aze2005) or by a combination of simple experimental devices, like Abrams cone, penetrometer and flowing table. In a previous article [1], the experimental test device, the rheometer RHEOMAT120 is described in details. The device is first applied on one type of earth, named Tassin 9% clay as a reference material. It was shown that the behavior of an earth mortar is close to Bingham fluid with however two Yield Points. So, it is necessary to determine 3 parameters (2 Yield Points (YP) and one Plastic Viscosity (PV)). Mortars ́ Yield point and Plastic viscosities are directly related to its workability [3],[2]. Neither a dry mortar with high yield point and viscosity nor a fluid mortar presenting weak yield point and viscosity are appropriate to the construction of masonries. One can then wonder why study the yield point and viscosity of a mortar if only its value of workability could be enough in practice. But, a workability test measures only a single parameter of the rheological law, or indicating YP or PV. And for each workability value, a mortar can present different rheological laws, i.e. for a same YP, one can have several PV or for a same PV, one can have several YP [4]. For the earth mortar, the importance is first of all to establish acceptable ranges of these rheologic parameters founded to precise scientific measures. Then, it is interesting to correlate scientific measurements of the rheometer with those obtained according to empirical tests which can be employed with more facility in building sites [5](pkla2003). The proposal as future research is thus to test in a building site the Abrams cone, the plunger and the flowing table, like apparatuses in potential to measure the earth mortars rheology. On the other hand, as these tests do not give a good precision in their results, they will have to be validated with other tests like the rheometer, much more precise and scientifically more valid, because founded on mathematical approaches of the continuum mechanics. Another very important point refers to the mortar content component. As the measurements given by the rheometer are accurate, the analysis concerning the clay content can be done. In other words, we will be able to know with more reliability which are the best contents for the mortars ́ components. It is presented here a study about the influence of the clay being the earth mortar binder, on its rheology. It is first evaluated the influence of clay content, changing mortar constitution with sand addition. Then examined the behavior of an another type of earth, called Magagnosc, the goal is to observe the behavior of these mortars for three clay contents and two types of clay. For the earth mortar, it is interesting to find the optimal proportions of clay or sand, the influence of the clay minerals on these optimal proportions and also the water contents allowing correct use of the mortar. Outline about rheological characterization Yield point and plastic viscosity The rheometer offers as results the values of the yield point and plastic viscosity for a certain range of workability. This range depends on the rheometer ́s power. In Fig. 01, a review of the rheological curve determination is shown. The mortar is submitted to a shear loading, following the path programmed in Fig. 2.a). The paddle rotates and shear the mortar using a speed which varies from 0 up to certain value, remains constant and falls down from this constant value up to 0. Normally, the rheological measures are only obtained in the downward path, i.e. after the restructuration of the mortar. It means that the residual strains present in the mortar before shear loading were deleted. But, some mortars can be restructured yet in the ramp AB, and so the Bingham lines are yet reliable. Banfill [6] says that rheologic tests must be carried out in a small period of time due to the risk of mortar segregation. If Bingham line is formed yet during the ascending loading (AB path), which means that the mortar is restructured or reorganized early, it is possible that one minute later the results obtained will not be reliable anymore [6]. On the other hand, when the Bingham lines are formed only during the downward loading (CD path), we say that the mortar is restructured later. So, in order to get only reliable results, the following rules must be considered: a) if the ascending curve is yet a Bingham curve, it must be used to determine BYP and YP values; b) if not, the downward curve must be used to determine BYP and YP values. Fig. 01Charge history (a) and respective response (b) On the other hand, although it exists, it was not determined yet a correlation between the results given by the rheometer and mortars ́ workability adopted in practice concerning their manufacture, what must be studied. In practice, simple and empirical tests are used and each one only measure one parameter, either the yield point or plastic viscosity, or rather an indirect parameter related to them. So, a combination of these simple tests would be necessary to determine both parameters. Two empirical tests from which one may estimate the yield point a) Abrams Cone [7] Hu1995 shows that in case of cement-sand mortar the slump test gives an indication reasonably correlated to the yield point, whereas the other tests like flow table DIN, maniabilimeter, according to [4], do not provide very useable results on the rheological level. The variability of the results of Abrams Cone test is due to especially to the technician who carries out it and also to variations in the mix design. In spite of this inaccuracy, this test is a very useful tool because it can help to detect errors of material content, in particular concerning water content. This test is standard in the United States [8], in France and also in other countries. b) Penetrometer or "Dropping ball" In these tests, the parameter which will have a relationship with the yield point is the penetration depth of an object on a fresh mixture (paste, mortar or concrete). According to [4], the mass or forces applied to the object which penetrates the mixture measures the yield stress of this one. In general, the force applied is constant and independent of the formulation of the mixture. One can obtain a value of penetration associated with water content or optimum workability obtained by empirism. We think in fact that any other test which can be sensitive to the variation of the water content of mixing and also measure this variation there, can be surely used to measure the workability of a mortar. According to the French standard [9], the penetrometer test can also be used to test the mortar workability, apart the flowing table. By using the penetrometer, we determine a value considered as reference for workability. If we decide to use the flowing table, it is enough to calibrate it compared to the penetrometer. The value of the spreading out must be equivalent to a penetration in the case of the penetrometer of 35 +\3 mm for the conventional mortar. Experimental device which may measure or estimate plastic viscosity By the flowing table, we cannot measure the stresses and strains associated with the flowing of the mortar. A priori, we cannot control the speed of mortar flowing. Therefore, one cannot define by this test a real yield point value. Nevertheless, the final spreading out of the cone of deformed mortar, can indicate the evolution of the plastic viscosity of the mortar[4]. Equipments, materials and procedure The study on the mortars presented here refers to the quantification of the mechanica


The design constraint of flight program for small launch vehicles in atmosphere flight stage was summarized,four design schemes for flight program were proposed,including the exponential form,trigonometric function form,two-stage linear form and parabolic form,and some comparison was made by simulation and calculation.Meanwhile,the technology of making the multiple turn with attack angle was discussed,and simulation results show that,for small launch vehicle with large thrust-weight ratio,the problem of producing the large attack angle when making a turn using the traditional design method for flight program can be overcome in a certain extent by adopting the technology of multiple turn with attack angle.The research production provides theoretical basis for the study of overall design and trajectory optimization of a small launch vehicle.


The Tsugaru Plain, about 60km long from south to north and 5 to 20 km wide from east to west, is located in the northernmost part of Honshu Island and is surrounded by hills and volcanoes except in its northern margin. The plain mainly consists of alluvial plains of the Iwaki and the other small rivers, which are classified into alluvial fans, a natural levees zone and a deltaic plain from south to north. In the natural levees zone, the alluvial plains are divided into two levels which intersect each other, the upper alluvial plain being dissected in its southern part and overlaid with deposits of the lower one in its northern part. Along the eastern and western margins of the deltaic plain are distributed terraces and landlocked sand spits 4 to 5 meters high above sea level which are correlated to the upper alluvial plain in the natural levees zone. Under the plain there are terraces of two levels and fluvial valleys buried with Holocene deposits. The Holocene deposits forming the plain are chiefly composed of sand and silt, and are locally different in composition in the natural levees zone and the deltaic plain. Accord-ing to results of diatomaceous analysis of the Holocene deposits, marine and brackish water species are dominant in the northern and western parts, whereas fresh water species predo-minate in the other parts of the plain. Generally speaking, the Holocene deposits were more remarkably influenced by fluvial action in process of deposition in the southern part than in the northern part, and a brackish water area seems to have most extensively occu-pied the plain when the middle silt bed was deposited. In conclusion, the geomorphological history of the Tsugaru Plain in the Holocene period was inferred as follows; (1) In the early Holocene, former fluvial valleys were drowned by transgression and were filled with sediments different in composition in each drowned valley. (2) With progress of transgression, an embayment had extended to the central part of the plain by 5, 500 y. B. P. Drowned valleys had been entirely submerged and the expan-sion of sedimentation area caused sediments to become fine. A delta composed of fine sedi-ments was formed at the head of the embayment. (3) A slight regression caused dissection of the deltaic plain and a new delta composed of rather coarse sediments was formed further downstream. (4) Around 2, 500 y. B. P. forest flourished on the dissected deltaic plain and peat accu-mulated on the new one. (5) After 2, 000 y. B. P., the lower alluvial plain was formed burying forest and peat lands.


High-resolution Fourier-transform spectra of a gold hollow cathode in the 1–5.3-μm region have been used to improve the energy-level analysis of Au i. The analysis of 29 new near-infrared lines also yielded hyperfine-splitting constants for three Au i levels.


The effectiveness of N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine chloromethylketone (AAPACK) in preventing the development of experimental emphysema in hamsters, when administered 60 min after exposure to elastase, was studied. When 19 mg of AAPACK was injected intraperitoneally in divided doses commencing 60 min after the intratracheal instillation of pancreatic elastase, the development of emphysema was not prevented using morphologic, morphometric, and physiologic means of evaluation. Thirty-eight per cent of hamsters given AAPACK became ill and lost weight. At autopsy, these hamsters had a renal tubular nephropathy and focal interstitial disease. The glomeruli were spared. Five of these hamsters with renal tubular lesions had azotemia. Focal necrosis was observed in the heart of 3 and in the liver of 5 animals with renal lesions. These studies indicated that AAPACK, in the protocol followed where elastase precedes administration of the inhibitor, (1) does not prevent the development of elastase-induced emphysema, and (2) does produce a unique renal tubular nephropathy.


Recently, cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) by dietary supplements including socalled health foods and herbal medicines have increased in Japan. Much attention has been paid to DILI by dietary supplements since the reports of many cases of severe liver injury by Chinese dietary supplements in July 2002. The increased use of dietary supplements due to a health boom derived from the increase in patients with lifestylerelated illness and doctors' knowledge of DILI


The results of macroscopic and microscopic investigation, hardness tests and abrasive wear out tests of different pad welded layers made with thirty nine kinds of electrodes are presented. Defectiveness of the layers was connected with a foreseen character of their wear out. The possibility of simplifying the chemical composition of electrodes without deterioration of application properties of pad welded layers was shown. The paper was focused on the investigation results of pad welded layers applied in opencast lignite mining and in power industry.


The basics of C*-algebras Normal operators and abelian C*-algebras Approximately finite dimensional (AF) C*-algebras $K$-theory for AF C*-algebras C*-algebras of isometries Irrational rotation algebras Group C*-algebras Discrete crossed products Brown-Douglas-Fillmore theory References Index.


Abstract Two beach systems, the Waitaki (84 km) and Canterbury (136 km), separated by Timaru Harbour breakwater, are considered. Established input (all units in Mt/year; 1 Mt = 106 t) to the Waitaki is 0.82 bedload and 2.0 suspended load; to the Canterbury,. 1.9 and 15.0. Additional unmeasured abnormal load from intense storms and earthquakes may double the suspended load estimates. Inputs from rivers and eroding seacliffs account almost equally for bedload, but most suspended load is from the rivers. Sediment supplied to both beach systems is moved predominantly northeastward in the Nearshore Transport Zone (NTZ). The inner part includes the steep, coarse-grained, reflective beach and surf zone, the latter being generally narrow or nonexistent. Here, almost all the coarse beach sediment is transported in the swash-backwash zone where about 95% is abraded to mud, the remainder accumulating along Kaitorete Barrier. The outer part of the NTZ extends seaward from the surf zone, for 3–15 km across the inner c...


The authors made an attempt to show the differentiation and integration of preventive medical Sciences and ecological disciplines as a complex dialectical process characteristic for the development of the science of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, and to analyze the methodological links of preventive medical Sciences with numerous ecological disciplines developed in recent decades. The article deals with the processes of formation of new ecological disciplines studying the system "environment - human", a comparative analysis of preventive medical and environmental Sciences on their goals, subjects and objects of study. The study of the environmental impact on human health was shown to be carried out by already formed medical Sciences, and primarily preventive orientation (General hygiene, Social hygiene, Communal hygiene, Food hygiene, Occupational health, Military hygiene, Radiation hygiene, etc.), having accumulated considerable experience in the areas of knowledge studied by them. Disciplines arising from the differentiation of the environment and studying the preservation of life and health, in essence, duplicate preventive medical Sciences, which inevitably leads to the repetition of the path and does not give the desired results in the increment and development of new scientific knowledge. At the same time, the process of interaction and unification of efforts of preventive medical Sciences and environmental disciplines can make a significant contribution to the successful solution of such important state tasks as the preservation of public health and environmental protection from the negative impact of anthropogenic factors. The application of a systematic interdisciplinary approach in the interaction of preventive medical Sciences and environmental disciplines involves the presence of scientific facts, a complex of deep knowledge in the areas under study, the development of a number of theories, as well as the analysis of environmental and medical problems.


This study examined the mediating roles of digital literacy and learning strategies in the influence of core competencies on employability. Participants of this study were 916 college students in 10 Korean colleges. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, reliability testing, correlation analysis, and structural equation modelling. The results showed that core competency had a positive effect on employability. Learning strategies mediated the influence of core competence on employability; digital literacy did not. There was a significant multi-mediated effect of digital literacy through learning strategy on the influence of core competence on employability. These findings suggest that college students need to develop such strategies for themselves or participate in structured programs provided by their colleges to make effective use of learning strategies. Also, because learning strategy may be a catalyst for digital literacy, it is indispensable for college teachers to point out the effective use of learning strategies using mainly digital devices and resources. It is necessary to conduct follow-up research such as experimental and quasi-experimental research to verify the influence of core competencies on employability depending on learners' characteristics such as learning styles, self-efficacy, and achievement goal orientations.


Abstract This article is part of a more extended series of studies devoted to charged polyolefin; it discusses the influence of some increased ratios of the modification and compatibilization agent of CaCO3 with high‐density polyethylene on the composite's melt fracture. In the extrusion of polymer melts, there is a critical value of shear rate (or shear stress) at which the extrudate's surface becomes rough. During polymer melt containing charging materials processing as foils and films, on its output off the extrusion head, the foil's surface becomes rough and covered with microcraters. A viscoelastic fluid during flowing with shearing becomes instable at a critical value of S R. At the same time, it may be demonstrated that melt's elastic properties are first responsible for the behavior during flowing through narrow slits.


The education for primary school teachers has been up-leveled to bachelor's degree,but one question has been raised up:How to integrate primary education major into higher education and develop it by exploring and making experiments in order to form a primary education training mode and curriculum with Chinese characteristics.Due to unbalanced social economic development,it is necessary for teachers' colleges to make specific training modes and curriculums based on local social economy and college characters,so that the need from basic education and from social development can be both met.


This paper reports on a Tone Burst Eddycurrent Thermography (TBET) technique that uses short‐time bursts of eddy‐currents induced in conducting media to generate local heating inside the material. The transient diffusion of the heat inside the material, induced by pulsed/short‐time induction heating, is imaged by measuring the transient temperature profiles on the surface of the material. The presence and characteristics of the defects inside the materials changes the surface temperature transients and thus can be used for the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of conducting materials. Axisymmetric numerical models of the conventional transient thermography technique are used to benchmark the TBET technique. From the temperature profile data, temperature contrast information is obtained for the different defect depths. Temperature contrast data obtained for TBET, in this process, was compared with that obtained from conventional transient thermography data. It was found that the frequency of the eddy‐current...


This paper presents a discussion of the curricula issues associated with the current contextual issue of competition between Universities for overseas students, the desire of prospective overseas students to save money through minimization of the time spent enrolled in an Australian university, and the expectation of significant advanced standing to be granted on the basis of completion of a diploma level qualification. The author's interest in this issue follows from involvement in marketing activities, and responsibilities as a Program Director.


In these days, the state-of-art technologies employ the heterogeneous parallelization of CPU and GPU for fluid simulations in the field of computer graphics. In this paper, we present a novel CPU-GPU parallel algorithm that solves projection step of fluid simulation more efficiently than existing sequential CPU-GPU processing. Fluid simulation that requires high computational resources can be carried out efficiently by the proposed method.


Abstract SINCE the report by Singsen et al. (1955) that certain antioxidants including diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) are effective in preventing experimentally induced encephalomalacia, there has been considerable interest in these compounds and their effects when added to poultry feeds. Previously, Dam et al. (1948 (1951) reported that certain substances having antioxidant activity afforded partial protection against certain vitamin E deficiency symptoms. Dam et al. (1952) reported that certain compounds possessing antioxidant activity, including alpha tocopherol, increased the deposition of vitamin A in the livers of chicks receiving a vitamin E deficient diet containing 10% cod liver oil. It has been reported from our Laboratory by Kramke et al. (1952) that when a suboptimal level of vitamin A activity was furnished in the form of alfalfa meal, chick growth was stimulated by adding crude soybean lecithin, defatted lecithin or crude soybean oil to the ration. It was also noted at that time that …


The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine, and relates to preparation and a pharmaceutical composition of an imatinib mesylate alpha crystal. A preparation method of the imatinib mesylate alpha crystal is provided, the provided method is few in reaction step, easy to operate, high in total recovery, low in cost and suitable for industrial large-scale operation, used solvent is low in toxicity and small in environment pollution, the prepared product is high in purity, and the crystallinity degree of the obtained imatinib mesylate alpha crystal is 60% or more. The pharmaceutical composition containing the imatinib mesylate alpha crystal has the advantages that the defects that the imatinib mesylate alpha crystal is poor in fluidity, thermodynamically instable and high in hygroscopicity are overcome, and the prepared composition is uniform in content and high in stability after being placed for a long time.


Impact craters are ubiquitous features on planetary surfaces in the Solar System and indicate that planetary collisions were a dominant process in the early Solar System, leading to the accretion and growth of planets. Impact cratering excavates sub-surface material and these depressions on planetary surfaces have also been the preferred landing site on planetary bodies, e.g., the Curiosity and Spirit rovers landed on the Gale and Gusev craters, respectively, on Mars. Among nearly 190 discovered craters on Earth [1], the Lonar Crater in India presents a unique opportunity to understand cratering processes on other planetary bodies because the target rock is basalt [2] which is the dominant lithology on the surface of most inner Solar System planetary bodies. The clues to understanding the geochemical effects of cratering lie in the composition of impactites, which are formed by cooling and solidification from the melt or the vapor, generated due to the high energy impact [3]. Among the impactites, impact spherules, having aerodynamic shapes with longest diameter < 1 mm [4], preserve the geochemical and isotopic signatures of the impactor, which is usually vaporized upon impact. At Lonar Crater, some spherules (Group 1a) preserve chemical traces of the impactor at Lonar in the form of higher concentrations of Platinum Group Elements (Fig. 1a) compared to the target rock; the Group 1b spherules show signatures which are explained by the melting of the basement beneath the target Deccan basalts [5]. In addition, some spherules show concentrations of volatile elements that are higher than any of the end-members involved in the impact cratering process at Lonar, indicating condensation from a volatile element-enriched part of the melt/vapor plume [5].


Sand-column simulations were designed to investigate charateristics of migration and transformation of Pb2+and Cr6+ and their releasing mechanism flushed by rain water in the vadose zone. Experimental results indicated that the migration rate of hexavalent chromium was ten times more than that of lead in the vadose zone; and the migration rate of lead and hexavalent chromium was 7.25cm/d and 0.4cm/d in the coarse sand and 4.46cm/d and 0.36cm/d in the fine sand, respectively. Reduction reaction of hexavalent chromium was not a dominant process in the vadose zone; the trivalent chromium was not detected in the water, and the content was 0.006mg/kg in the vadose media. The removal efficiency of Pb2+ was 0.056% and 0.112%, and Cr2O72- was 62.33% and 40.36% for fine sand and coarse sand columns flushed by rain water, respectively. Therefore, the mobility of Cr2O72- was high in the vadose zone and prone to removing from vadose media by rain flushing, Pb2+ showed a reverse trend compared with Cr2O72-.


The objective of this study was to examine the operating characteristics of a light duty multi cylinder compression ignition engine with regular gasoline fuel at low engine speed and load. The effects of fuel stratification by means of multiple injections as well as the sensitivity of auto-ignition and burn rate to intake pressure and temperature are presented. The measurements used in this study included gaseous emissions, filter smoke opacity and in-cylinder indicated information. It was found that stable, low emission operation was possible with raised intake manifold pressure and temperature, and that fuel stratification can lead to an increase in stability and a reduced reliance on increased temperature and pressure. It was also found that the auto-ignition delay sensitivity of gasoline to intake temperature and pressure was low within the operating window considered in this study. Nevertheless, the requirement for an increase of pressure, temperature and stratification in order to achieve auto-ignition time scales small enough for combustion in the engine was clear, using pump gasoline. Copyright © 2009 SAE International.


We agree with Stern and other correspondents that the incidence of infective endocarditis urgently needs to be monitored.1 The publication of our clinical guideline on prophylaxis against infective endocarditis caused controversy in recommending that antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis should not be given to adults and children with …


Summary

1. Conservation of freshwater animal populations requires their access to, as well as sufficient availability of, critical habitats, such as those for reproduction. Abundant small-scale barriers may cause extensive fragmentation of freshwater habitat but, by comparison to larger structures their effects are rarely considered by catchment managers. The relationship between the distribution of, and access to, spawning habitat in a regulated river, characterized by abundant small barriers, was examined for river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis, a threatened migratory fish.

2. Telemetry of adult lamprey in the River Derwent, North East England was used to quantify upriver migration and access to spawning habitat, together with surveys of spawning habitat availability and spawning activity between 2002 and 2007.

3. Access in to the Derwent appeared severely restricted by a tidal barrage, beyond which lamprey migrated rapidly in unobstructed reaches. Of all lamprey tagged in the lower 4 km of river, or ascending the barrage, 64% and 17% passed the first and second weirs respectively, with high flows crucial for this. Although over 98% of lamprey spawning habitat occurred more than 51 km upstream, on average just 1.8% of river lamprey spawners were recorded there.

4. In order to protect or rehabilitate species or species assemblages, greater attention needs to be paid to the relative spatial distribution of low-head barriers and the resultant availability of key habitats within individual catchments. This is particularly important given the renewed emphasis internationally on low-head hydropower solutions as a source of renewable energy, and the rapid growth in numbers of low-head barriers in many catchments.


Since the heterogeneous Internet Service Provider (ISP) router policies prevent the quality-of-service (QoS) multimedia applications which require IP layer multicasting from being widely deployed on the Internet, the mechanism of implementing such applications by application layer broadcasting through organizing the multicast group in a peer-to-peer overlay network is proposed. In this paper, we study the bandwidth-delay-constrained minimum spanning tree problem in an overlay network, which is NP-complete. We propose a novel genetic algorithm for resolving this problem and compare it with a state-of-the-art method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient.


Online counseling is gradually finding its way into therapy in universities in Ghana. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 accompanied by uncertainties and the fears of physical contact signaled a consideration of complete acceptability of online counseling, in addition to face-to-face counseling. Nonetheless, the level of counselors, counselor educators and counselor trainees' knowledge, attitude, and usage of online counseling in Ghanaian universities is unclear. Thus, this study used an explanatory sequential mixed-method design to assess the perception of sampled respondents' and participants' viewpoints on online counseling available at a public university. Amid findings that counselors, counselor educators and counselor trainees have little awareness of online counseling and share a generally negative attitude towards it, the study concluded that online counseling is a highly unexplored option available on the university campus. Suggestions for augmented online counseling opportunities to assist students to resolve their difficulties on the university campus were also made. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)


The systematics and taxonomy of early Eocene equids are investigated. A paraphyletic sequence of equid taxa is recovered from a phylogenetic analysis of 40 taxa and 121 characters. This analysis supports the identification of Hyracotherium as a primitive equoid and its restriction to the genotype, Hyracotherium leporinum. Sifrhippus gen. nov. is erected for the sister taxon of all other equids, Hyracotherium sandrae Gingerich. Minippus gen. nov., the next more-derived equid clade, is erected for two small equids, M. index Cope and M. jicarillai nov. species. Arenahippus gen. nov. is erected for the next three sequentially more-derived equid taxa, A. grangeri Kitts, A. aemulor Gingerich, and A. pernix Marsh. The genus Xenicohippus, which is the next more-derived equid clade, is redefined to include X. craspedotum Cope. Eohippus Marsh, the next more-derived equid taxon, is resurrected for E. angustidens Cope. Pliolophus, the only early Eocene equid from Europe, is identified as the sister taxon to Protorohippus, a sequence of successively more-derived equid taxa consisting of P. montanum Wortman and P. venticolum Cope. Protorohippus venticolum is identified as the sister taxon of Orohippus. Systemodon Cope is resurrected for S. tapirinum Cope. This taxon has historically been placed within Hyracotherium yet this analysis allies it with Cymbalophus near the base of the perissodactyl radiation. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 134, 141–256.


This document presents a methodology whereby geochemical data can more effectively contribute to the development , calibration, and verification of groundwater flow and slute transport models for the Underground Test Area (UGTA) Project.


Summary
The nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) content of fish has been measured in raw fish and after baking in pre-heated and not pre-heated ovens and after grilling using electrical and natural gas heated domestic cookers. In many cases there is an increase in NDMA levels with natural gas heated cookers but the increase is not great in comparison to variations observed in levels in raw fish obtained on different occasions. There is no significant increase in NDMA levels with electric cookers.


Although Gluck's works for the French theatre were absent from the stage after 1830, Gluck's music was widely known through various forms of concert: the concert historique, the concert series and freely-promoted concerts. Of great importance were the initiatives of François Delsarte who not only programmed large amounts of Gluck but who also developed a realistic mode of delivery which was to spill over eventually into the theatre.


Propane deliveries made when customers are not at home can mean trouble when proper safety procedures are not followed. The number and severity of accidents involving the lighting of appliances and putting systems back into service following out-of-gas calls is becoming more acute.


Megaselia cumtarantula sp. n. is described for Peru. The entire life cycle of these flies takes place on tarantulas of the species Pamphobeteus antinous Pocock. Adults, pupae and larvae were found on the prosoma and femur of the legs of adult tarantulas and only larvae
 were found on the opisthosoma of juvenile tarantulas. Keywords: Phoridae, Megaselia, Pamphobeteus, commensalism, Peru


Occupational health psychology (OHP) may be defined as the body of facts and findings that relate to the associations among work-related phenomena such as work characteristics and worker well-being, as well as our interpretations of and beliefs about these facts and findings (i.e., our theories). These facts, findings, interpretations, and beliefs are inextricably intertwined. Although observations may initiate theory formation, today few scholars would be willing to defend Sherlock Holmes's position that ''It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data'' as we ''can't make bricks without clay.'' There are simply so many data around that without theory we are at a loss, not knowing what to look for. Thus, as researchers we can and even must make bricks without clay to make sense of the world around us. This is not to say that our theories do not need facts and findings to support them. Popperian logic dictates that we must attempt to falsify our theories by putting them to the test until they give in; if the facts speak against them, they must be either amended or abandoned (Kuhn, 1996; Popper, 1963). Thus, facts and theories ''go together like a horse and carriage'': try to separate them, and you will find that one cannot do without the other.


MORNING MY WIFE AND I were lingering after breakfast and the conversation turned to biographies why does anyone write them and why do people read them? I say it's a search for identity, remembering one's cultural parents. My wife says it's having an imaginary playmate: the biographer, a very lonely and isolated person, recreates someone else's life in great detail, getting involved in another world, living and breathing it. A novelist does that, too, in a sense. But, I say, the difference between them resembles the difference between a child and


SUMMARY: This paper describes an evaluation of the whole cell agglutination test for tuberculosist, carried out as Army Medical Directorate Research (AMDR) project 221. A !total of eighty-three cases, where the consultants were able to give a final diagnosis, are considered. The test was found to give inaccurate results in 39 per cent of cases under clinical investigation, also to show an 18 per cent false positive result in ante-natal patients who were established as not suffering from tuberculous disease. Apart from the erratic and unreliable results obtained with sera from women patients generally, the results presented here show that the test is too inaccurate to be of clinical value in early disease.


The tails of extant crocodilians are anatomically the closest approximation of the tails of non-avian dinosaurs, and therefore a good starting point for any reconstruction of nonavian dinosaur tail muscles. However, we here demonstrate some methodological problems using crocodile tails, firstly regarding the general reconstruction of tail mobility from osteology, secondly for the reconstruction of tail musculature for the quantification of muscle forces, especially the m. caudofemoralis longus, and thirdly with respect to the anatomical differences between crocodilians and non-avian dinosaurs, especially in relation to the reconstruction of m. caudofemoralis brevis. Our results show that, given the current limited knowledge of crocodilian tails, volumetric reconstructions should be created on the basis of more gross morphological data than is usually used, and that biomechanical studies should include sensitivity analysis with greater parameter ranges than often applied.


The novel fabrication of buried active region index‐guided GaAs/AlGaAs vertical‐cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) using vacuum integrated fabrication is reported. Electron cyclotron resonance plasma etching and molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) regrowth are linked by an ultrahigh vacuum transfer tunnel to avoid air exposure of reactive AlGaAs surfaces. MBE regrowth on etched AlGaAs/AlAs heterostructures shows good quality epitaxial overgrowth exhibiting microtwin plates but few dislocation defects. Applying this regrowth technology to VCSEL fabrication, devices are obtained which exhibit laser emission over a wider current range and higher output power than etched air‐post VCSELs. The room‐temperature continuous wave characteristics demonstrate efficient current confinement and low thermal impedance for the etched/regrown lasers. Vacuum integrated fabrication promises further performance and functionality enhancements for VCSELs and other optoelectronic devices.


Crystal BaY2F8 represents the big interest as the perspective active media for lasers ultra-violet (UV) and vacuumultra- violet (VUV) regions. For the decision of problems with solarization this media and a choice of sources pump it is offered to use up-conversion mechanisms pump with activators from rare-earth elements (RE). We have developed technology of grown of oriented monocrystals BaY2F8, have defined influence of orientation on growth rate and quality ofthe received monocrystals.


Wolftech News Hunter is a collaboration between UiB and Wolftech that uses semantic technologies to harvest, organise and leverage traditional and social media streams and other big data sources for news editing.  The idea is to continuously analyse the story a journalist is writing, in order to continuously provide her or him with well-prioritised and -prepared background information that is continuously harvested from traditional media, news services, social media and other sources.  The News Hunter project is positioned in a rich research area with ample potential for further research, development and innovation. Our most immediate focus is on organising, populating and lev e raging the news graph to provide background information for evolving news stories.


With the help of Speculative Multithreading(SpMT) compiling technology on CMP, a program visualization method for the SpMT based on SUIF compiling framework is proposed.At the same time,on the designed visualization platform,a C file input is given and analyzed to show the significance of the visualization method on the speculative multithreading auto-parallelization.


PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of soy sauce with the improved antioxidant activity is provided to add herb during the boiling process of the soy sauce for improving the antioxidant activity using effective components of the herb. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of soy sauce with the improved antioxidant activity comprises the following steps: increasing soybean by inserting into water; roasting wheat, mixing with seed koji, and inserting the mixture to the soy bean, for a koji making process for 40~70 hours; fermenting the fermented soybean obtained from the previous step after soaking into salt water, and obtaining raw soy sauce by filtering; boiling the raw soy sauce and filtering after cooling; and adding herb 5~10 minutes before finishing the boiling process.


The economy is recovering in today's postpandemic phase, but uncertainties such as supply chain disruptions remain a top risk. Environmental uncertainty creates the need for swift supply chain adjustments in response to these external changes. Supply chain agility (SCA) has been recognized as a key capability for firms working to achieve superior performance in uncertain business environments. SCA is challenging to achieve, however, because it requires the firm and its supply chain partners to collaborate closely yet flexibly across organizational boundaries. Considering interorganizational systems (IOS) have been widely deployed to establish digital connections across organizational boundaries, this study aims to explore to what extent and how IOS as boundary objects, characterized by standardization and adaptability, affect SCA under different levels of environmental uncertainty. This study provides guidance for information technology (IT) and business directors on how to achieve SCA through the design or implementation of IOS, provides guidance for business directors on how to invest more effectively to capture opportunities and deal with risks, and advises business and IT directors on how to respond appropriately to different levels of environmental uncertainty (e.g., IT directors should design adaptive IOS and business directors should invest in supply chain collaboration when environmental uncertainty is high).


This paper develops a new way to quantify the effect of uncertainty and other higher-order moments. First, we estimate a nonlinear model using Bayesian methods with data on uncertainty, in addition to common macro time series. This key step disciplines the model and allows us to generate data-driven policy functions for any higher-order moment. Second, we use the Euler equation to analytically decompose consumption into several terms--expected consumption, the ex-ante real interest rate and the ex-ante variance and skewness of future consumption, technology growth, and inflation--and then use the policy functions to filter the data and generate a time series for the effect of each term. We apply our method to a familiar New Keynesian model with a zero lower bound constraint on the nominal interest rate and two stochastic volatility shocks, but it is adaptable to any dynamic model. Over a 1-quarter horizon, uncertainty has a very small effect on consumption, similar to the volatility shocks in our model. Over horizons that remove the influence of expected consumption, the effect of uncertainty is an order of magnitude larger. Other higher-order moments have much smaller effects.


Philological background information is presented on the origin and composition of the text generally known as Kant's Logic. The text, which was not in the strict sense of the word written by Kant himself, but rather assembled by another writer whom Kant had authorized to do so on his behalf, is a mixture of materials, not all of which originate directly from Kant, and cannot claim full authenticity.


The article deals with the features of the process of institutional transformation of the traditional institute of Adyge Khabze. In the context of civilizational drift in the socio-cultural space of the globalizing world. It is noted that the metaparadigma of the development ofWestern European society, which breaks with the ontological and epistemological foundations of tradition, has constructed a deformed framework of post-modern civilization with its pronounced semantic Emptiness.


Ranta, Kristian The impact of user acceptance in the efficacy of digital therapeutics University of Jyväskylä, 2019, 63 pp. Information Systems, Master's Thesis Supervisors: Tyrväinen Pasi, Silvennoinen Minna, Jorma Kyppö The adoption of digital health solutions in healthcare is growing strongly. This is not surprising since digital health tools and interventions have been shown to improve healthcare processes, cut healthcare expenditure as well as improve access and efficacy of care. Digital therapeutics (a subsegment of digital health) are digital treatment interventions for various illnesses and health conditions which have been shown to increase care efficacy and improve care delivery in many known diseases including diabetes, asthma and depression. They are also mostly void of any side effects in comparison to pharmacological treatments. Digital therapeutic interventions are dependent on smartphones and computers for their administration and are often behavioral interventions by nature. Thus, they present novel and unique challenges from a treatment adherence perspective compared to traditional treatments. This master's thesis is a study of the impact of user acceptance in the efficacy of digital therapeutic interventions. This thesis consists of a literature review and of an empirical contribution in the form of a case study analysis which is based on a patient dataset from a digital therapeutic intervention for depression. The dataset consisted of 159 patient data records including depressive symptom reduction data based on a clinically validated depression symptom scale (PHQ-9) as well as user acceptance and user engagement related measures. The data was retrospectively analyzed to understand the hypothesized relationship of user acceptance and the efficacy of a digital therapeutic intervention for depression symptom reduction. Correlation among different patient groups and their symptom reduction was analyzed with statistical analyses to observe predictive factors for depression symptom reduction. According to statistical analyses, whether patients self-selected the treatment or were referred to the treatment by a healthcare professional, made a difference in the efficacy of the treatment (PHQ-9: 45.2% reduction vs. 28.8% reduction, CI >95%) and greater amount of active engagement and mindfulness meditation practice during the treatment intervention correlated with depressive symptom reduction (R^2=0.026, R^2=0.04, CI>95%) presenting a dose-response relationship. I conclude that based on the literature review and the case study analysis, user acceptance and user engagement seem to impact the efficacy of digital therapeutic interventions.


THE transamination of aromatic amino acids in the brain has received little attention (BONAVITA, 1961). CANELLAKIS and COHEN (1956) investigated the distribution of transaminases in animal tissues and found that tyrosine was transaminated by dog brain extract. In a preliminary communication (HAAVALDSEN, 1962) it was reported that all aromatic amino acids except histidine were readily transaminated by rat brain extract. The metabolism of aromatic amino acids in the brain is of interest in view of their role as precursors for the catechol and the indole amines. It therefore seemed valuable to study the transamination reactions in some detail to attempt to evaluate their effects on the synthesis of aromatic amines.


A seasonal predictability barrier has long been noticed in ENSO forecasting with numerical models. Previous studies explored the impact of seasonal optimal initial perturbation evolutions in sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) on ENSO forecasting using the intermediate coupled model (ICM) via the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method. In this paper, we investigate the joint effects of SSTA and sea level anomalies (SLA) from the perspective of the optimal growth initial error (OGE). After determining the four seasonal OGEs about SSTA and SLA (i.e., SSTA-OGE, SLA-OGE and Joint-OGE), we first demonstrate the patterns, evolutions and the resulting spring predictability barrier (SPB) of the above OGEs. Then, we analyze the mechanism of OGE evolutions and SPB. Finally, we conduct observing system simulation experiments to determine the best (economic) observation network. Our experimental results indicate that the ENSO evolution error induced by SSTA-OGE and Joint-OGE presents season dependency, but SLA-OGE has no impact on ENSO evolution. Moreover, Joint-OGEs induce error evolutions and the SPB with more significant intensity than SSTA-OGEs and SLA-OGEs. From mechanism analyses, the evolutions of SSTA-OGEs are mainly dominated by Bjerknes feedback. Further, the evolution dynamics of Joint-OGEs primarily contain the continuous heating between the upper ocean combined with Bjerknes feedback and thermal diffusion in response to the discharge process. In addition, comprehensive and economical sensitive areas are identified through Joint-OGE, including the central-eastern equatorial Pacific and the western and north-eastern tropical Pacific boundary, which contribute to the ENSO prediction benefits reaching 58.31% on average.


BMT perovskite ceramics were synthesized at low temperature (∼100°C) by chemical processing comprised of the hydrolysis of Ba-Mg-Ta alkoxide precursor. FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic studies of the Ba-Mg-Ta ethoxide precursor reveal that barium, magnesium, and tantalum ethoxides are bonded with each other via alkoxy bridging to form a trimetallic alkoxide. The hydrolysis of the Ba-Mg-Ta ethoxide with a large amount of water under refluxing results in the direct formation of a crystalline BMT phase with the pseudocubic perovskite structure at a low temperature of ∼100°C. The alkoxide-derived BMT powder has high sinterability to provide a high-density sintered body with a density of 94.0-98.0% at a low firing temperature of 1400°C.


The emergence of fine geometry CMOS technology augmented with analog capability presents a powerful tool for the VLSI system designer. In this paper, the authors will review major milestones in the evolution of analog/CMOS technology. Included in this discussion will be an overview of the multilevel metal 1.2 micron analo-gechnology which incorporates molybdenum resistors and isolated metal-to-metal capacitors. The technical presentation will highlight the development of the isolated capacitor and its comparison to a two level polysilicon implementation. Performance data on various types of analog functions fabricated in this process will be presented.


Objective: Patients with HBP are often asked to have their BP checked at home. The traditional at-home procedure has some drawbacks, such as forgetting to check or write down the values, errors in transcribing the numbers, or the impossibility of immediately notifying medical staff of out-of-range BP values. To facilitate self-measurements by patients at home we devised TensioBot, a Telegram based chatbot. The bot sends patients reminders to check their BP, advice on good monitoring practices, measurement tracking, medical alerts and allows healthcare professionals to access up-to-date measurement information. The aim of our study was to compare the use of Tensiobot against usual method of home BP checking. Design and method: In an Clinical Hypertension Unit, we tested TensioBot for two years in a andomised controlled trial with 112 patients, 55 using the bot and 57 in the control group, (using paper annotations). Patients of both groups underwent an ABMP study at the same time. An specific questionnaire about knowledge and skills on BP checking was administered face to face by an specialized nurse of the unit. Results: We found that, although the bot group showed similar results in terms of adherence to the BP checking schedule, bot users scored better in terms of knowledge and skills on BP checking best practices. Patients of bot group shown a lesser mean difference between ABPM mean diurnal SBP and SBP registered by Tensiobot, -0.34 mmHg vs -2.5 mmHg, although such difference was not significant. The standard deviation of differences in SBP was higher in the control group. Conclusions: Participants rated the bot very positively, perceived it as useful and easy to use, and continued to use it after the intervention. Moreover, all data being equal, we describe some other benefits of using a chatbot for self-managed in-house BP control, both for patients and healthcare professionals and systems. There was a trend to closer values to diurnal ABPM in SPB using the bot.


Home gardens are a time tested food production system which can be projected as a promise to the future to mitigate the issues related to the global food security crisis. The home gardens in Kerala are an integral part of the rich tradition which impart a dominant role in livelihood security of the people. The diversity profile of traditional homegardens of high range area and its spatial patterns were investigated in the present study revealed that a mean Shannon and Wiener diversity index (H) of 2.185 was recorded which denoted a dwindling trend in species diversity in banana based high range home gardens of Idukki. An appraisal of the diversity of crops revealed that the highest diversity was recorded in spices (H=1.425) and was on par with fruit crops (H=1.339) whereas lowest was noted on fodder crops (H= 0.054) followed by medicinal plants (H=0.197). Furthermore, the mean total diversity index exhibited a positive significant correlation with the total area of the home garden with a correlation coefficient of 0.621 which signified the importance of spatial dimensions in determining the diversity profile of the home gardens.


PurposeElite interviewing is a well-established area of interview research methods. Nevertheless, the actual casting of an "elite" has been generally conducted in a prima facie or broad manner. A consideration of entrepreneurs and owner-managers as "elites" has been less profiled and received less attention, therefore the paper views the entrepreneurs and owner-managers as constituting a form of "local elite" within given and varying sectorial, regional and community boundaries. The authors argue that a consideration of entrepreneurs as "local elites" and transferring knowledge from an elite interviewing perspective may strongly support scholarly research in the entrepreneurship field.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducts a comprehensive narrative literature review of elite interviewing literature and transfers key methodological insights to the entrepreneurship field. The methodological contribution based on literature is complemented by experiences and observations from an extensive inductive interview study with over 30 entrepreneurs of German manufacturing Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs) and are used to reflect on, and refine, interview research approaches with entrepreneurs.FindingsThe reflections and discussions in this paper provide valuable insights for other researchers conducting research in entrepreneurship domains regarding the power dynamics of negotiating access, procedural issues of interviews and thereby enhancing the quality of data.Originality/valueThe contribution to knowledge is mainly of a methodological nature. While the paper takes a novel act of recasting elite interviewing in the SME and entrepreneurship context, the paper methodologically contributes to the entrepreneurship and elite interview literature thereby facilitating higher quality interviews.


Many corporations are implementing marketing activities with various purposes through Social Network Service(SNS) which includes customer relationship management to brand management, promotion of new products, sales promotion, and advertisement. Corporations who provide SNS, there fore, need to seek for strategic approach to increase continuous usage intention of customers. For this reason, This study examined centrally on value and satisfaction that are perceived as effective factors for SNS continuous usage intention, and constructed a research model. The study result, First, statistically demonstrated that economic value, social value, hedonicvalue, epistemic value and conditional value that are perceived by customers affected positively on satisfaction. Second, It indicated that customers' satisfaction regarding SNS perfectly plays a full mediating role effect between independent variables; economicvalue, social value, hedonic value and epistemic value along with customers' continuous usage intention which is a dependent variable.


In this paper, by using the seismic data recorded by xi'an digital telemetry seismic network, from studying half period of first P arrivals,Q value distribution beneath Weihe fault depression basin and its adjacent area is determined. The results show that the distribution of Q value is comparatively consistent with the image of P-wave velocity distribution at depth h=20 km in the studied area ,and is closely related to seismicity in this region.


Stand by for over-the-top reporting, hyperbole and speculation to fuel the nation's obsession with football, writes a veteran sports reporter


(57) Abstract: The present invention, the fouling from thermally cracked oil, a method of fouling is reduced by minimizing the residence time at temperature is maximum.


regimes were defined in thermal units Thompson, D. L., Payne, G. A., Lillehoj, E. B., and Zuber, M. S. 1983. Early appearance of (Table 1), which were calculated as f[(day aflatoxin in developing corn kernels after inoculation with Aspergillus flavus. Plant Disease temp. X 9 hr) + (night temp. X 67:1321-1322. 15 hr)]/241 -10 C. For each replicate, half of the plants were moved morning Developing kernels of corn (Zea mays L.) of the cultivar Gaspe X W103 were inoculated with and evening between the two rooms to Aspergillusfilavus Link ex Fr., grown in four postinoculation regimes, harvested at weekly intervals achieve the four temperature regimes. from 2 to 37 days after inoculation, and assayed for aflatoxin B 1. Aflatoxin B 1 levels averaged 238 One room was set to a day/ night ppb 2 days after inoculation and 2,482 ppb for all other dates. Aflatoxin levels were near maximum 9 days after inoculation and accumulations were minimal after that time. There was no evidence of temperature of 26/ 22 C and the other at a temperature effect in the range of 13.5-21.5 C thermal units per day. 34/30 C with day/ night times of 9/15 hr and uninterrupted night to give a short day length effect. Aflatoxin contamination of preharvest MATERIALS AND METHODS Ears were harvested in the shuck, dried corn (Zea mays L.) continues to be a This study was conducted in controlled- for 1 wk at 60 C, bulked, and shelled for serious problem in the southeastern environment rooms at the Southeastern each cultivar-replicate treatment. Kernels United States (13). Infection of develop- Plant Environment Laboratories, Raleigh, were ground, blended, and assayed for ing kernels by Aspergillus.flavus Link ex NC. Lighting and other environmental aflatoxin by the Official First Action Fr. and subsequent production of aspects of the rooms have been de- Method of AOAC, Sections 26.049aflatoxin is influenced by many factors. scribed (3). 26.051, and 26.075 (1). Quantities of Temperature is one factor that appears to Plants of the corn cultivar Gaspe X aflatoxin B 1 were determined on influence aflatoxin production in grain. W103 were grown singly in 20.3-cm activated thin-layerchromatographic The warmer temperatures of the plastic pots (4,000 ml) in a substrate of (TLC) plates coated with 0.5 mm of Southeast have been implicated as a one-third gravel and two-thirds Peat-lite. Absorbosil- 1. Plates were developed with major reason for higher levels of Before inoculation, plants were grown at water:acetone:chloroform ( 1.5:12:88, aflatoxin in the Southeast than in the the day/night temperature regime of v/v/v) in unequilibrated tanks and Midwest (13). In support of this 26/22 C with an interrupted night to fluorescent zones were measured densitohypothesis, Thompson et al (12) found a provide long day length. Plants were metrically (2). Aflatoxin B, was congeneral trend toward increased toxin with irrigated twice each day with a modified firmed in representative positive samples increased temperature over a range of half-strength Hoagland's solution (3). A by formation of water adduct (I). 9.5-17.5 thermal units per day and treatment unit consisted of five plants. Aflatoxin B 1 values were transformed suggested that temperatures higher than Each of two replicates was grown at a to logarithms for analyses of variance those used may give higher toxin levels, different time.


ii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Performance Analysis 2 1.2. Game-related Statistics 3 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4 2.1. Performance Analysis in Basketball 5 2.2. Performance Indicators 5 2.3. Advanced Statistics 7 2.4. Game Pace 7 2.5. Performance Metrics 9 2.6. The Defensive Process 12 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS 14 3.1. Sample 15 3.2. Variables 19 3.2.1. Game-related Statistics 19 3.2.2. Advanced Statistics 20 3.2.3. Preventions 21 3.3. Data Collection 21 3.3.1. Hand Notation 21 3.3.2. Reliability 22 3.4. Data Analysis 23 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 24 4.1. Descriptive Statistics 25 4.2. Tests of Significance 28 4.3. Correlations 33 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION 38 5.1. Discussion of Results 39 5.1.1. All Games 39 5.1.2. Winners and Losers 40 5.1.3. Close and Unbalanced 42 5.1.4. Correlations 42 5.2. Implications for Practice 44 5.2.1. Defending Shots 44 5.2.2. Defending Passes 45 5.2.3. Motivation 46 5.3. Reliability of the Data Source 46 5.4. Game Pace 47 CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION 48 6.1. Concluding Thoughts 49 6.2. Future Research 50


In which we jump into our tardis and travel to a strange alternate universe where investors are risk-neutral instead of risk-averse. Surprisingly, in this universe the Black-Scholes equation for European option pricing is exactly the same as in our own universe. It's also ridiculously easy to derive. All we need is regular calculus – one simple evaluation of a definite integral derives the equation. We don't need any of the fancy machinery of stochastic calculus, arbitrage argument tricks, Ito's lemma, the heat equation, or parabolic differential equations that we use to derive Black-Scholes in our own universe.


This letter points out two errors made in an article that appeared in this journal regarding a useful tool for instructors who do not have facilities for the generation of X-ray powder patterns.


The continental margin from western Nova Scotia to the western edge of Georges Bank consists of two sedimentary wedges, one beneath the shelf and the other beneath the continental rise. Most of the upper rise sequence was deposited by turbidity currents modified to some extent by bottom currents. Off Nova Scotia, vertical migration of salt has formed a ridge along the entire length of the Nova Scotia Rise. The diapiric ridge terminates southwestward against a basement high beneath the continental slope south of Georges Bank. This basement high initially blocked the southwestern flow of the invading Tethys sea, but as the Atlantic basin continued to widen and deepen, the high was breached and evaporite deposition ceased.


[1] Surface waves are modulated and scattered by topographic variations, rough interfaces, and medium heterogeneities with the propagation around the Earth. Scattered surface waves appear as wave trains between multiple direct arrivals in long-period seismograms. The single isotropic-scattering model for Rayleigh waves of the fundamental mode successfully explained observed mean square (MS) envelopes of vertical-component seismograms. However, it is necessary to consider multiple scattering process for more accurate simulation of envelopes for a wide range of lapse time. Extending the radiative transfer equation for a flat surface, we mathematically formulate the multiple isotropic-scattering process on a spherical surface. We can solve this integral equation using the Laplace transform in time and the spherical harmonics expansion in angular space. The time trace of energy density corresponding to the MS envelope can be obtained by using the inverse Laplace transform. Analyzing 12 IRIS station data of the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake for 80–180 s periods, we estimated the total scattering coefficient g0 ≈ 2 × 10−6 1/km and the total attenuation Q−1 ≈ 8.475 × 10−3 for the fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves. The multiple scattering model explains observed envelopes better than the single scattering model; however, synthesized envelopes are still smaller than observed envelopes at lapse times larger than about 20,000 s. It suggests that we need to study scattering and dispersion of higher modes in addition to the multiple scattering of the fundamental mode especially at large lapse times, because higher-mode Rayleigh waves attenuate more slowly and spread out more rapidly compared with those of the fundamental mode.


We investigate that a bounded sequence of points in the half plane σ > 1 2 is an interpolating sequence for Hilbert space of ordinary Dirichlet series with square summable coefficiens. Also, in the half plane σ > 2 we discuss the wold decomposition for the shift semi group on the Hardy space of square summable Dirichlet series. The local behavior of Hilbert space of Dirichlet series is considered, relative to the functions spaces on the infinite dimensional polydisk, and we generate some results for each case.