This study aims to determine the effect of local taxes and levies on Government expenditures in Indonesia in 2014-2018. The data used in this study is panel data from 2014 to 2018. The method used is panel data regression analysis. The results of the study partially show that local taxes have a positive and significant effect on Government expenditures in Indonesia in 2014-2018, and local fees do not have a significant effect on government expenditures in Indonesia in 2014-2018. Simultaneously, local taxes and levies have a positive and significant effect on government expenditures in Indonesia in 2014-2018.Keywords: Local Taxes, Regional Retributions, Government Expenditures


Si self‐interstitial diffusivities can be extracted from the diffusive behavior of certain metals (e.g., Au) in an inert annealing ambient or from the diffusion of dopant markers (typically B) under oxidizing conditions. Each type of experiment yields fairly consistent results; however, interstitial diffusivities obtained in these two ways differ greatly. The marker layer experiments rely on the assumption that the presence of the dopant does not disturb the diffusion of the interstitials, and the validity of this assumption is explored. A model of interstitial diffusivity in the presence of B is developed, two extreme cases of the B‐atom–interstitial interaction strength are considered, and the predictions of the model are compared with experiments of oxidation‐enhanced diffusion in B doping‐superlattices. From this comparison it is concluded that trapping of interstitials by B atoms in the markers cannot be responsible for the different values of the Si interstitial diffusivity reported in the literatur...


Background To compare the performance characteristics of the BD ProbeTecTM HSV2 Qx Assay* on the BD ViperTM System in Extracted Mode to viral culture and a well-characterised molecular assay for the detection of HSV2. External anogenital lesions were sampled with two different collection devices: a universal viral transport (UVT) kit and a BD Qx swab (QS) kit*. Methods Eleven geographically diverse clinical centers participated in the study, with nine of the sites enrolling participants. The UVT was collected first followed by the QS specimen. A portion of each UVT specimen was transferred to a Qx Diluent Tube (diluted UVT) and a cryovial. The remainder of the UVT in the original tube was frozen at −70°C and sent to one of two sites for HSV viral culture using the ELVIS®HSV ID and D3 Typing Test System (Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc). The diluted UVT and QS specimens were shipped to one of three sites for HSV testing on the BD Viper. The UVT aliquot in the cryovial was stored at −70°C and shipped to the University of Washington for PCR testing for HSV. Results Subjects (n=508) were enrolled between February and August of 2010 with 501 UVT and 498 QS samples available for comparison to ELVIS culture, and 506 and 503 samples, respectively, for comparison to the PCR assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the BD HSV2 Qx Assay were compared to ELVIS culture and the positive (PPA) and negative (NPA) per cent agreement of the assay was compared to the HSV PCR assays for both specimen types. Of the BD HSV2 Qx Assay positive, culture negative samples, 46/51 (90.2%) of the UVT and 49/60 (81.7%) of the QS were positive by HSV2 PCR see Abstract P3-S2.04 table 1. Abstract P3-S2.04 Table 1 HSV2 Specimen type HSV2 Q x assay performance Compared to ELVIS HSV2 culture Compared to HSV2 PCR assay Sensitivity Specificity PPA NPA Diluted UVT 98.4% (186/189) 83.7% (261/312) 97.5% (237/243) 98.1% (258/263) Q x Swab (QS) 98.4% (186/189) 80.6% (249/309) 98.8% (240/243) 95.8% (249/260) Conclusions The BD HSV2 Qx Assay on the BD Viper had excellent agreement with the lab developed PCR assay for diagnosis of HSV2, which is currently recognised as one of the best available tests for the detection of HSV. A commercially available molecular-based assay for the detection of HSV would not only improve detection and reduce turn-around time on results, but may also obviate the need for stringent transport conditions required for HSV culture. *Product not for sale, for investigational use only in the USA.


At present,our country makes more use of dynamic weighing system and radioactive sources inspecting the article lack of sealing machine.Sources of the radiation detector means there is harmful to humans,likely to cause environmental pollution,and weighing systems in the air moisture content lead to the emergence of different misjudgment.Machine vision has the advantage of non-contact detection,and its pollution characteristics were generally welcomed.A smart camera based on lack of cigarettes article sealing machine visual line detection system composed of the principle,basic structure and working process,with the corresponding intelligent image processing and pattern recognition algorithms can be described,the system can accurately determine the defect type.Practice has proved that the system is stable,to meet site requirements.


Pathological Love is characterized by the behavior of paying attention and care repetitively in an uncontrolled way and with priority over other previously valued activities. The authors present a case report of Pathological Love and have as a goal a reflection about the role that this type of love has in the patient's life in the light of his childhood. A non systematic review of the literature on pathological love, depression and pathological attachment patterns was developed, as well as a collection of clinical history and interviews with the patient during psychiatric hospitalization, a psychological evaluation and also it was used the Goeth´s masterpiece - The Sorrows of Young Werther in order to draw parallels with the present clinical case. The patient has a longtime platonic love without delusional features. The idealization of the love affair became an illusory defense against mental distress. However, whenever he experience a loss, translated by the removal of his beloved one, the patient returns to a depressive state, being reactivated feelings of abandonment, rejection and lack of love, resulting from unstable bond he has with his parents since childhood. The essence of Pathological Love is not just love but also fear - of being alone, of not having value, of not deserving love, of being abandoned (again). Suicidal ideation appears as strengthening sure that he will not be forgotten, if he performs it.


A time-based fatigue crack growth algorithm is proposed in this paper to calculate the fatigue crack growth under general random variable amplitude loading. This approach is based on the analytical crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) estimation and a subcycle fatigue crack growth model. The discussion is first given for fatigue cracks without considering the crack closure. Next, the model is extended to the growing crack with the crack closure. Following this, a general fatigue crack growth algorithm is proposed under general random variable loadings, which is combined the crack closure model and the geometrical relationship between the CTOD and the crack increment (da) at any time instant within a cycle. To validate this algorithm, a testing is performed for Al7075-T6 under "Christmas Tree" loading spectra, which cannot be easily handled by the classical cyclebased approaches. The predictions match the experimental data very well. A detailed discussion is given based on the current investigation.


eras in Chinese history (most recently 1949-78) when the raw pursuit of profit was looked down upon as culturally improper or imperialistic economic behaviour. Whether we witness efforts by the state and employers to appeal to a new culture of work through reformulations of ancient codes of Confucian behaviour, or learn that contemporary labour patterns in China reflect pre-1949 twentieth century contract labour market trends, this book again instructs us of the importance of studying the historical origins of contemporary societies and indeed how 'traditional' culture is mediated by actors looking for justifications of power and prestige.


Radar systems at microwave frequencies are the state-of-the-art solution for precise and robust level measurements in industrial tank environments as they allow the application in harsh environments. Horn antennas or dielectric antennas enable highly directive measurements. However, the physical aperture size of the antenna is restricted by the standardized nozzle and flange diameters of the tank. This limits the beam sharpness of the antenna which is necessary to prevent unwanted backscattering from objects surrounding the medium surface such as stirrers, pipes or the tank wall. These parasitic reflectors add disturbances to the radar output signal and jeopardize the unambiguity of the measurement task. To overcome these drawbacks, this contribution evaluates a multistatic antenna approach offering the capability of beamforming in conjunction with an imaging algorithm to exploit the information of the scatterer positions in order to isolate the level reflection among all occurring reflections. This leads to an increase of the robustness of the measurement.


The concept of acquisition is recognised for obtain the language, though the term of learning is used for the same notion often. Even they are different in their meaning and sense, but the term of acquisition is more academic and appropriate than the term of learning. This term is mostly used for the first language which its meaning is different of learning if we think about it in term of the first language compare to the second language. When the children acquired their first language, they achieved the completed grammar or the rules (competence) of their mother tongue. Once some people desire to learn the second or another language, the completed systems of the grammar that they obtained have a great influence of the acquiring the second language. This paper is about that effect and it will be more clarified in detail in the context. This topic is really significant in the modern world because a lot of people wish to learn another languages, that each one has a factor of acquiring second language such as business, study, technology, science, travel, and work opportunity.


A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Science degree of University of Nairobi [(Applied Microbiology (Virology option)]


A capital abundant country exports capital services and imports labor services. This HOV prediction could be obtained from either across-industry or within-industry specialization once factor trade is measured bilaterally with producer countries' techniques. This paper studies how much across-industry specialization contributes to the recent evidence for the HOV model. I find that Davis and Weinstein's (2001) successful specifications depend exclusively on withinindustry specialization: a capital abundant country employs capital-intensive techniques across all industries and any products exported from that country embody more capital than labor (Schott, 2004). In addition, this structure of techniques is conditional on the factor-neutral TFP adjustments. The unadjusted data on capital techniques has converged across countries. The Heckscher-Ohlin models allowing capital mobility (e.g., Mundell, 1957; Helpman, 1984) appear to be consistent with the global data.


Examines local exhaust systems as well as the inter-related areas of general exhaust ventilation and makeup air supply. Offers a comprehensive view of the latest in design purchase and operation of government approved exhaust equipment. Addresses the current emphasis on energy conservation, fuel savings, and compliance with air quality standards by offering a supplemental approach to conventional ventilation solutions for the workplace.


A Latin square of order $n$ is an $n$ by $n$ grid filled using $n$ symbols so that each symbol appears exactly once in each row and column. A transversal in a Latin square is a collection of cells which share no symbol, row or column. The Ryser-Brualdi-Stein conjecture, with origins from 1967, states that every Latin square of order $n$ contains a transversal with $n-1$ cells, and a transversal with $n$ cells if $n$ is odd. Keevash, Pokrovskiy, Sudakov and Yepremyan recently improved the long-standing best known bounds towards this conjecture by showing that every Latin square of order $n$ has a transversal with $n-O(\log n/\log\log n)$ cells. Here, we show, for sufficiently large $n$, that every Latin square of order $n$ has a transversal with $n-1$ cells. We also apply our methods to show that, for sufficiently large $n$, every Steiner triple system of order $n$ has a matching containing at least $(n-4)/3$ edges. This improves a recent result of Keevash, Pokrovskiy, Sudakov and Yepremyan, who found such matchings with $n/3-O(\log n/\log\log n)$ edges, and proves a conjecture of Brouwer from 1981 for large $n$.


In this work, we proposed a high-efficiency and low-complexity encoding algorithm and its corresponding implementation structure during the design and implementation process of an LDPC encoder and decoder. This proposal was derived from extensive research on and analysis of standard encoding algorithms and recursive iterative encoding algorithms, specifically targeting the problem of high computational complexity in encoding algorithms. Subsequently, we combined binary phase-shift keying modulation mode and additive white Gaussian noise channel transmission with the min-sum decoding algorithm to realize the (1536, 1024) LDPC codec. This codec was uniformly quantized with a (6, 2) configuration, executed eight iterations, and achieved a 2/3 code rate in the IEEE802.16e standard. At the bit error rate (BER) of 10−5, the codec's BER obtained by the proposed coding algorithm was about 0.25 dB lower than the recursive-iterative coding algorithm and was about 1.25 dB lower than the standard coding algorithm, which confirms the correctness, effectiveness, and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.


This contribution summarizes the achievements and shortcomings of the emerging field of global administrative law that has been developed mainly in the United States and Italy, and that has been the object of yearly workshops at the University of Viterbo for the past ten years. The research presented in the course of the workshops has brought us a remarkable quantity of insights into the nuts and bolts of international institutional law. The perspective on administrative law may allow for a more fine-tuned set of analytical tools than constitutional theory, yet it must not forget the political context of the subject of its research. The applied case-law method is empirically rich, but it is not always clear how representative the analyzed phenomena are of the more general assumptions on the development of international law.


Objective To investigate the influence of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation(PTSMA) of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM) on mitral regurgitation(MR).Methods PTSMA was performed in 28 patients with HOCM.Left ventricular outflow-tract gradient(LVOTG),MR grade and severity of systolic anterior motion(SAM) 3 days before and 6 months after PTSMA were measured by echocardiography.SAM of the anterior mitral valve leaflet was graded,and MR severity was assessed by color flow Doppler echocardiography.Results Six months after PTSMA LVOTG decreased significantly from(91.73±18.25) mmHg to(42.95±14.87) mmHg(P0.01),mean SAM grade declined significantly from(2.23±0.71) to(1.32±0.81)(P0.01),MR grade declined significantly from(2.37±0.66) to(0.63±0.41)(P0.01).Decreased LVOTG positively correlated with decreased degree of MR(r=0.86,P0.01).Conclusion PTSMA of HOCM can decrease MR and improve hemodynamics.


Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) is a major, cosmopolitan predator of some whitefly and Aphid. It is now commonly reared in laboratory and used extensively all over the country and has significant potential for commercialization and use against a variety of crop pests in combination with other insect pest management tactics. The data in this indicated that C. carnea appeared in the field of cotton crop just after the resurgence of insect pests. B. tabaci appeared in very early stage of the crop of cotton. The result showed that the soft bodied insect pests such as B. tabaci, and A. gossypii appeared at various growing stages of cotton crop in summer. It is reported that C. carnea consumed more aphid in all its stage than the white fly. The first instar of C. carnea consumed 4.3, 3.37, 6.35 and 6.14 number of B. tabaci. Whereas 14.44, 23.44, 28.16 and 6.44 number of A. gossypii. The third instar of C. carnea had consumed more third instar of aphid of about 67.14. The consumption goes on increasing the instar stage of C. carnea, but decreased after third instar stage of the host insects.


The inverse problem consisting in an identification of boundary temperature is discussed. As the identification method the Pareto approach with two criteria connected with domain and boundary has been used. In order to solve the problem the energy minimization method connected with boundary element method for steady state problem has been employed. The theoretical considerations are supplemented by the examples of computations verifying the correctness of the algorithm proposed. 1. Governing equations Let us consider 2D problem of temperature identification on boundary Γ1 [1, 2]:


A non- return valve can be fitted on a tubular element for use for the reinforcement and consolidation of a soil, for example, in an excavation. The non-return valve may comprise a portion made of elastomer material which has a least one nick (41,42,43,44,150) and is connected to a structural body (2,102) preferably made of metal, that can be tightened onto the tubular element (3,103).


The importance of ubiquitous computing is gained in the agricultural area. Field servers are developed and used as a remote monitoring tool in recent agricultural industries. The field server handles weather data, measuring and taking photo images for analyzing visualized information. However, image data acquired by the field server is not adequately used for automatic control in current systems even though the conditions of plants, pests and thieves are detected from the images. The purpose of this research is to develop an application which controls peripherals on the basis of features extracted from image data. As our first proposal we developed the farmer support system which pours water to wilting plants automatically. For the system the following methods were used as indicators of wilting plants: 1) the degrees of leaves from center line of processing region to both sides, 2) the area of leaves region, 3) the area of circumscribed quadrangle of the leaves region and 4) the degrees of each leaf. The methods of 1-3 are used for plants of dense leaves. And method the 4) is for plants having sparse leaves. Based on these strategies, experiments were employed on using plants which are observed by a field server located outside. The result of experiments showed that we could detect the wilting of plants by using these image processing methods


Here is the full, shocking story of the lynching that exposed the true brutality of the nation's tradition of racism to a confident prosperous post-World War II America and helped ignite the 1960s civil rights movement.


The Floridan aquifer system is a highly productive limestone aquifer system that encompasses about 100,000 square miles in the southeastern United States (Figure 1). This aquifer system provides large quantities of water that generally need little or no treatment before use. More than 10 million people, mostly in Florida and Georgia, depend on the Floridan aquifer system for drinking water (serving 8.2 million people through public water supplies and 1.8 million through individual household wells). The aquifer system also provides water that supports agriculture, phosphate and limestone mining, pulp and paper manufacturing, and tourism. This aquifer system is unconfined in many places and has direct hydraulic connection with the land surface. The aquifer system is one of sixteen principal aquifers in the United States currently included in the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Estimated water withdrawn from the Floridan aquifer system during 2000 totaled 4,111 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). This included 3,188 Mgal/d (77.5 percent) withdrawn in Florida, 819 Mgal/d (20 percent) withdrawn in Georgia, 63 Mgal/d (1.5 percent) withdrawn in South Carolina, and 41 Mgal/d (1 percent) withdrawn in Alabama. The two largest categories of withdrawals were agricultural irrigation (1,875 Mgal/d) and public supply (1,352 Mgal/d), which accounted for 78 percent of the water withdrawn in 2000. Other withdrawals included the combined commercial, industrial, mining, and power generation category (565 Mgal/d); domestic self-supplied (173 Mgal/d); and golf course and other recreation irrigation (146 Mgal/d). In most areas where yields are adequate, the Floridan aquifer system is the primary source of water for all purposes due to the high quality of the water. Eleven counties, all located in Florida (Brevard, DeSoto, Duval, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Manatee, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, and Polk) had withdrawals greater than 100 Mgal/d from the aquifer system during 2000. The combined total of these 11 counties accounted for 45 percent (1,836 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn. Polk (337 Mgal/d) and Orange (286 Mgal/d) Counties accounted for the largest withdrawals of water from the aquifer system. Reliance on the Floridan aquifer system to meet water demands increased substantially between 1950 and 2000. Withdrawals increased from 630 Mgal/d in 1950 to 4,111 Mgal/d in 2000, representing an increase of greater than 550 percent. During this period, the population of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina increased along with tourism and irrigated acreage. These factors have contributed to the increase in withdrawals from the aquifer system. In addition to water withdrawals, more than 600 springs in Florida and Georgia discharged an estimated 12,200 Mgal/d of water from the aquifer. The aquifer system represents a significant regional water resource for human needs, agriculture, and wildlife throughout much of the southeastern United States. Monitoring the water use and water quality of this aquifer system is needed to preserve this valuable resource. Figure 1. Extent of Floridan aquifer system. [Modified from Miller, J.A., 1986, Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1403-B, 91 pp.]


Structural analogs of 1233A, a microbial metabolite inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase, were designed and synthesized. The 2-oxetanone moiety was left intact. All analogs prepared were tested for inhibition of HMG-CoA synthase activity and sterol synthesis in mouse liver and for effect on serum triglyceride levels. Of these analogs, trans-4-[2-[3-(7-carboxy-2- naphthyl)phenyl]ethyl]-3-hydroxymethyl-2-oxetanone (4a) showed the highest inhibitory activity in vitro, and also had in vivo inhibitory activity without causing any increase in triglyceride level.


Background: The starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is a diploblastic cnidarian that expresses a set of conserved genes for gut formation during its early development. During the last decade, the spatial distribution of many of these genes has been visualized with RNA hybridization or protein immunolocalization techniques. However, due to N. vectensis' curved and changing morphology, quantification of these spatial data is problematic. A method is developed for twodimensional gene expression quantification, which enables a numerical analysis and dynamic modeling of these spatial patterns. Methods/Result: In this work, first standardized gene expression profiles are generated from publicly available N. vectensis embryo images that display mRNA and/or protein distributions. Then, genes expressed during gut formation are clustered based on their expression profiles, and further grouped based on temporal appearance of their gene products in embryonic development. Representative expression profiles are manually selected from these clusters, and used as input for a simulation-based optimization scheme. This scheme iteratively fits simulated profiles to the selected profiles, leading to an optimized estimation of the model parameters. Finally, a preliminary gene regulatory network is derived from the optimized model parameters. Outlook: While the focus of this study is N. vectensis, the approach outlined here is suitable for inferring gene regulatory networks in the embryonic development of any animal, thus allowing to comparatively study gene regulation of gut formation in silico across various species. Citation: Botman D, Röttinger E, Martindale MQ, de Jong J, Kaandorp JA (2014) A Computational Approach towards a Gene Regulatory Network for the Developing Nematostella vectensis Gut. PLoS ONE 9(7): e103341. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103341 Editor: Andreas Hejnol, Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, Norway Received June 24, 2014; Accepted June 26, 2014; Published July 30, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Botman et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: This work is part of the BioPreDyn project (www.biopredyn.eu). BioPreDyn is a Cooperation project of the Knowledge Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) EU grant, with the number 289434. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * Email: email@example.com


Abstract The gonadotropin-releasing activity of the stalk-median eminence (SME) of hens at various times during the period between ovulations of the initial ovum and the second ovum (C2) of a clutch was measured using an in vitro incubation system and a bioassay based on the 32P-uptake by chick testes. The gonadotropin-releasing activity of the SME changes during the ovulatory cycle, with peaks 21 and 8–11 hr. before ovulation (C2). The gonadotropins released from the incubated pituitaries by the SME of hens 11 hr. before C2 ovulation showed a greater ovulation-inducing activity on hens than those released by the SME of hens 21 hr. before C2 ovulation, while the activity for the 32P-uptake by chick testes was almost equal.


Breast cancer patients without apparent distant metastases at the time of primary tumor removal, may later suffer from a distant relapse, indicating the presence of occult micrometastases at the time of diagnosis. Sensitive methods to detect micrometastatic breast cancer may be helpful in optimizing treatment for breast cancer patients. It may facilitate the selection of patients for early systemic 'adjuvant' therapy and the evaluation of response to adjuvant therapy. See: Summary and future perspectives. ... Zie: Chapter 11


Laboratory research was conducted on the biology of the phurid fly Megaselia scalaris . The influence of 3 constant temperatures and various larval densities was researched in the laboratory as these relate to mean life stage rate of development and survival. Fly development on a synthetic diet at 25 °C, 75 ± 2% RH, and 18-h photophase was used as the standard. Mean times for development and survival were egg incubation 16.3 h (97.6%); larval period 7.3 days (97.6%); pupal period 9.8 days (♀ 95.8%, ♂ 91.6%); adult longevity ♀ 29.9 days, ♂ 24.8 days. Fecundity was 664.8 eggs. One generation required 19.7 days. Data are presented on the influence of 20 °C and 15 °C on the duration of life stages, survival and fecundity. Theoretical lower thresholds of development for life stages are reported. The adverse effects of larval crowding was reflected at the 100 larvae/10 g diet medium as larval and pupal periods increased. At the 200 larvae/10 g diet medium larval survival declined; pupal survival decline began at the 100/10 g level. Fecundity was not significantly altered.


Summary This paper is concerned with the exact delay range making input-delay systems un-stabilizable. The exact range means that the systems are unstabilizable if and only if the delay is within this range. Contributions of this paper are to characterize the exact range and to present a computation method to derive this range. It is shown that the above range is related to unstable eigenvalues of the system matrix. In the discrete-time case, if none of the eigenvalues of the system matrix is a unit root, then the above range is a finite set. If there exist some eigenvalues which are unit roots, this range may be a finite set or may be composed of several arithmetic progressions. When this range contains finite elements, the number of these elements is bounded by the geometric multiplicities of eigenvalues. When this range contains arithmetic progressions, the number of such progressions is bounded by the above multiplicities. On the other hand, our results can provide an upper bound for the well-known delay margin, which is the maximal delay value achievable by a robust controller to stabilize systems.


Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a prevalent heritable cardiac disorder, characterised by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with the triad of myocyte hypertrophy, disarray, and interstitial fibrosis.1 Such pathological hallmarks impact diastolic function and contribute to adverse clinical outcomes: arrhythmias, progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac death.2 To date, none of the available armamentaria has been shown to fundamentally modify disease progression, or to benefit genotype-positive, phenotype-negative or preclinical HCM patients. Multiple genetic studies have identified considerable numbers of HCM-causing mutations in human sarcomere protein genes, and mice engineered to carry such human mutations recapitulated key phenotypes of HCM.1 3 This has provided remarkable opportunities to identify the novel therapeutics at the molecular levels, and allowed us to integrate gene-based diagnostics into clinical management of preclinical HCM.2 Studies in HCM mouse models have illustrated the importance of activated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway in the early development of HCM. Treatment with either TGF-β neutralising antibodies or with angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, losartan, was shown to retard and prevent HCM development in mouse models.4 Lately, MYK-461, the first allosteric inhibitor of the cardiac myosin adenosine triphosphate (ATPase), has been shown to reduce left ventricular contractility and attenuate HCM development in mouse models of HCM.5 Clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate and investigate these two promising disease-modifying therapies in HCM patients. References Teekakirikul P, Padera RF, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Translating cellular cross talk into therapeutics. J Cell Biol 2012;199:417–421. Teekakirikul P, Kelly MA, Rehm HL, Lakdawala NK, Funke BH. Inherited cardiomyopathies: Molecular genetics and clinical genetic testing in the postgenomic era. J Mol Diagnostics 2013;15:158–170. Burke MA, Cook SA, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Clinical and mechanistic insights into the genetics of cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;68:2871–2886. Teekakirikul P, Eminaga S, Toka O, Alcalai R, Wang L, Wakimoto H, Nayor M, Konno T, Gorham JM, Wolf CM, Kim JB, Schmitt JP, Molkentin JD, Norris RA, Tager AM, Hoffman SR, Markwald RR, Seidman CE, Seidman JG. Cardiac fibrosis in mice with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is mediated by non-myocyte proliferation and requires Tgf-β. J Clin Invest 2010;120:3520–3529. Green EM, Wakimoto H, Anderson RL, Evanchik MJ, Gorham JM, Harrison BC, Henze M, Kawas R, Oslob JD, Rodriguez HM, Song Y, Wan W, Leinwand LA, Spudich JA, McDowell RS, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. A small-molecule inhibitor of sarcomere contractility suppresses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice. Science 2016;351:617–621.


INTRODUCTION :
The appendage of the left atrium is bulbar structure which is long with
a narrow junction at its meeting point with left atrium. In many diseases the
left atrial appendage is clinically important because of the propensity for the
development of thrombus. Being a dynamic structure, the stasis of blood is
prevented, but when its function is impaired, stasis will increase. This may
lead to the development of spontaneous echo contrast and thrombus
formation. Moreover an inactive left atrial appendage is an independent
predictor of thrombo embolism. Hence the decision for anticoagulant
therapy can be made on the basis of the presence of inactive left atrial
appendage.
In patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis, left atrial appendage
velocities are reduced. Also in mitral stenosis, the annular velocities
calculated by Doppler tissue imaging are reduced. The lateral mitral annulus
and the left atrial appendage has a close functional and anatomic relation and
hence the velocities obtained from the annulus by Doppler tissue imaging
may reflect left atrial appendage functions.
The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease is high in South Asian
countries, particularly in India. Isolated mitral stenosis occurs in 25% of all
rheumatic heart disease cases. Mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation occur
in 40% of the cases. Almost two thirds of patients with mitral stenosis are
females. The thrombi originating from the left atrial appendage are believed
to be the source of embolism in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis,
especially when mitral stenosis is associated with atrial fibrillation.
Spontaneous echo contrast in left atrium is a common finding in
patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease. Left atrial spontaneous echo
contrast is an independent predictor for systemic embolization and is
documented better by transesophageal echocardiography. In this scenario it
is prudent to investigate whether there is a relation between mitral annular
velocities obtained by Doppler tissue imaging and left atrial appendage
function and to find out if the velocities obtained from the annulus can
indicate the presence of inactive left atrial appendage in patients with mitral
stenosis.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES :
1. To determine the relation between systolic mitral annular velocity and
left atrial appendage function by Doppler tissue imaging.
2. To investigate if the systolic mitral annular velocity can indicate the
presence of inactive left atrial appendage in mitral stenosis.
3. To assess echocardiographic parameters particularly left atrial
dimensions, mitral valve area, presence of left atrial thrombus and
spontaneous echo contrast by trans-thoracic echocardiogram.
4. Trans-esophageal echocardiographic assessment of thrombus,
spontaneous echo contrast and emptying velocity of appendage of left
atrium.
5. To determine if there is any correlation between E wave or A wave
velocities and left atrial appendage emptying velocity.
6. To risk stratify thromboembolism in those patients based on Doppler
echocardiographic parameters.
7. The ultimate aim of the study is to prevent thromboembolism in all
mitral stenosis patients especially who are in sinus rhythm.
CONCLUSIONS :
In patients with mitral stenosis annular systolic and diastolic velocities
acquired by Doppler tissue imaging were reduced.
Positive correlation is found between mitral annular systolic velocity
and left atrial appendage emptying velocity.
In mitral stenosis patients with sinus rhythm, the systolic annular
velocity is an independent predictor of contractile function of LAA.
In mitral stenosis with sinus rhythm lower annular systolic velocity
can be given consideration for anti-coagulation.
Patients in AF also have reduced mitral annular systolic velocity and
LAA contractile function which predicts the higher incidence of SEC
and thrombus formation in those patients.


The physical form of the acoustical field at normal complex modes in rooms can be represented as a set of elementary curvilinear ducts, each carrying a single stationary wave, satisfying individually the boundary conditions at the walls. In spite of the differences in their lengths, all the ducts resonate at the same nominal frequency, the differences in their flares adjusting the phase velocity along their axes.This theory is confirmed by the analysis derived from the theory of horns. An experiment on the computed model of the duct yielded with good accuracy the calculated frequency of resonance.


Work related diseases are becoming more worrying to companies' managers, since they provoke temporary leaves causing losses to both companies and employees. Thus research is being done to minimize them. One of the possible solutions is to invest in programs that promote employees' health and quality of life. Laboral gymnastics is one example, which is capable of tuning and fortifying muscular structures required for work and contributing to improving interpersonal relations reducing the incidence of osteomuscular diseases. This study aims to evaluate the level of improvement in the incidence of osteomuscular diseases, especially lombalgies after the implementation of a laboral gymnastic program. A sample of 52 male employees was selected from an engineering company. The data were measured from two questionnaires filled in by the subjects before and after the 6 month program. The values found were the average age of 32,5 0,57 and the average work period within the company was 32 2,04 months and a reduction of 20% in the incidence of lombalgies. The conclusion is that laboral gymnastics can be an effective means of preventing column related problems and rehabilitating individuals carrying lombalgies. Also it improves employees' quality of life since it is a way to neutralize the negative effects of work and the inadequate use of technologies on the body


The dynamics of the gaseous component in disk-shaped galaxies is thought to play an important governing role in star formation, mole cule formation, and the degree of development of spiral structure. The prospect that density waves and galactic shock waves are present on the large-scale has received support in recent years from a variety of ob servational studies. Large-scale- shocks provide a most promising mechanism for driving star-forming and molecule-forming events on the scales of many kpc along spiral arms. Such shocks may also govern the kinematics and relative distribution of various galactic tracers. This is particularly apparent in M8l and other external spirals, because of our "bird's-eye-view" perspective, and for the tracers of HI and CO in our own Galaxy. Comparison of the CO observations with model simula tions based on the precepts of the density wave theory shows that these precepts are supported by several observational results.


In this article we study the level of happiness using a sample of American and Brazilian college students. We applied about 187 questionnaires among economics students at Purdue University and also at Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). We found that American college students have a higher probability of self-reporting as happier than Brazilian students. We also found interesting differences: (i) women are happier than men at Purdue, but men are happier than women at UFPE; (ii) family background does not seem to have a clear impact on happiness among Purdue students, but it certainly has a direct impact on happiness among UFPE students; (iii) "extra money" is an important factor for happiness in the two groups, but it is definitely more important for male students at UFPE; (iv) leisure is the key factor for happiness among Purdue students; and (v) policy towards improvements in public safety would have a stronger effect on happiness among economics UFPE students than among those who attend the Purdue University


PURPOSE: To automize the boxing operation of ampuls by comprising a ampul conveyor device, a box conveyor and positioning device, an ampul transfer device and an ampul grip device. CONSTITUTION: The ampuls 16 continuously supplied to a conveyor device 3 are sent from a slot 18 to the next slot 18 by a pair of moving teethed members 10 mounted between a pair of fixed teethed members 9. When the ampuls 16 of the number same as that of the suction cups of the ampul moving device 5 are arranged on the device 3, the ampuls 16 are sucked by the suction cups, conveyed along the circular locus, and gripped by the ampul gripping heads of a grip device 6. The boxes are positioned by a box positioning device 4, and located just under the ampul gripping heads. The boxes are raised until the ampuls 16 gripped by the ampul gripping heads stand inside of the boxes, and then the device is switched to remain the ampuls 16 in the boxes. When the boxes have been filled with the ampuls 16, the boxes are lowered. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Cell-free gene expression using purified components or cell extracts has become an important platform for synthetic biology that is finding a growing numBer of practical applications. Unfortunately, at cell-relevant reactor volumes, cell-free expression suffers from excessive variability (noise) such that protein concentrations may vary by more than an order of magnitude across a population of identically constructed reaction chambers. Consensus opinion holds that variability in expression is due to the stochastic distribution of expression resources (DNA, RNAP, ribosomes, etc.) across the population of reaction chambers. In contrast, here we find that chamber-to-chamber variation in the expression efficiency generates the large variability in protein production. Through analysis and modeling, we show that chambers self-organize into expression centers that control expression efficiency. Chambers that organize into many centers, each having relatively few expression resources, exhibit high expression efficiency. Conversely, chambers that organize into just a few centers where each center has an abundance of resources, exhibit low expression efficiency. A particularly surprising finding is that diluting expression resources reduces the chamber-to-chamber variation in protein production. Chambers with dilute pools of expression resources exhibit higher expression efficiency and lower expression noise than those with more concentrated expression resources. In addition to demonstrating the means to tune expression noise, these results demonstrate that in cell-free systems, self-organization may exert even more influence over expression than the abundance of the molecular components of transcription and translation. These observations in cell-free platform may elucidate how self-organized, membrane-less structures emerge and function in cells.


As landfill space for the disposal of products of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) such as fly ash and slag becomes increasingly scarce, a reduction of disposed material is urgently required. The method of using incineration products in concrete production is explored in this paper through a feasibility study of utilizing fly ash and slag to replace cement and coarse aggregate in appropriate proportions. Results show that C30 concrete optimum replacement rates of fly ash and slag are 30% and 20%, which can meet the minimum strength requirement. The leaching concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cd in MSWI concrete samples are determined to be less than the identification value of solid waste leaching toxicity. Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, MSWI fly ash has certain dispersion. The particle size of MSWI fly ash is determined to be close to that of the coal fly ash, and the surface morphology is irregular. The main components include SiO2, CaCO3, and Ca2SiO4, and they are similar to those present in the coal fly ash. The slag structure is loose as well as irregular, and its main component is SiO2. The SiO2 and Al2O3 in fly ash and slag participate in the hydration reaction of cement and can increase concrete strength. It is thus confirmed that fly ash and slag generated by waste incineration can be used to replace cement and coarse aggregate in appropriate proportions, and it is an effective method to solve the problem of scarcity of solid waste landfill space.


A high performance liquid chromatographic method involving an integrated enrichment step is described for the quantitative determination of low levels of difenzoquat residues in water. Difenzoquat is trapped from the flowing water sample by strong adsorption onto the enrichment column. It is then desorbed, separated, and subsequently analyzed in a single step process by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection at 255 nm. Average recovery of difenzoquat from organic free water at spiking levels of 20, 10 and 5 ppb was 97.0%. The lower detection limit reached was 0.25 ppb difenzoquat in organic free water.


In the 21st century, contemporary small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have come to realize the implementation of e-business systems for developing sound e-commerce (EC) capability is critical to maintain this competitiveness. Given that EC capability can proffer a variety of benefits to modern firms, the majority of SMEs are still slow to adopt e-commerce technologies in Asia-Pacific countries. In Taiwan, SMEs play an important role in the economy than they do in other developed nations. The development of EC capability is not only a novel way of doing business, but also an important solution confronting for the sustainable competitiveness of SMEs. In this paper, we propose a conceptual model to explain the processes of implementing e-logistics systems to develop an integrated B2B2C EC capability for SMEs. This conceptual model can provide instrumental guidelines to help SMEs build their e-business models and EC capabilities by identifying the potential of adopting e-logistics systems to greatly improve their competitiveness in today's business environment.


Non-stationary interference suppression in direct sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) systems is addressed. A recently proposed method for the instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation, known as the quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) method, has been used to estimate the interference IF. The obtained IF estimation is in turn used for interference suppression. A significant advantage of the proposed method is that it can handle highly non-stationary interferences. On the other hand, it provides more accurate results than time-frequency-based methods, known for its robustness. The simulations, carried out for interferences characterized by high non-stationarity and high power, prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.


ABSTRACT In recent years, Kenya's tourism has not kept pace with competition. This study attempts to empirically evaluate Kenya's tourist source markets in the light of growing competition for tourists. The paper uses a Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis to decompose growth of tourist arrivals from key generating regions to Kenya and a few selected benchmark countries. The analysis indicates that while Kenya had a considerable competitive edge during the period 2000–2003, the situation reversed within the subsequent five years. This cost the country about 362,000 tourists who choose the benchmark countries rather than Kenya as their destination. The study thus provides useful insights for Kenya's tourism policy makers.


Most of existing traffic simulation efforts focus on urban regions with a coarse two‐dimensional representation; relatively few studies have been conducted to simulate realistic three‐dimensional traffic flows on a large, complex road web in rural scenes. In this paper, we present a novel agent‐based approach called accident‐avoidance full velocity difference model (abbreviated as AA‐FVDM) to simulate realistic street‐level rural traffics, on top of the existing FVDM. The main distinction between FVDM and AA‐FVDM is that FVDM cannot handle a critical real‐world traffic problem while AA‐FVDM settles this problem and retains the essence of FVDM. We also design a novel scheme to animate the lane‐changing maneuvering process (in particular, the execution course). Through numerous simulations, we demonstrate that besides addressing a previously unaddressed real‐world traffic problem, our AA‐FVDM method efficiently (in real time) simulates large‐scale traffic flows (tens of thousands of vehicles) with realistic, smooth effects. Furthermore, we validate our method using real‐world traffic data, and the validation results show that our method measurably outperforms state‐of‐the‐art traffic simulation methods.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Physiological pain is inevitable for us to avoid harmful stimuli as one of the self-defense mechanisms. On the other hand, pathological pain, especially deep tissue pain often persists and develops into chronic pain states. Patients suffering chronic pain often complain of pain and tenderness in various parts of the body, and chronic stress often exacerbates their pain. Fibromyalgia represents the extreme end of the spectrum of chronic widespread pain syndromes. In this chapter, we address questions as follows; why deep tissue pain tends to pass into a chronic state (is deep tissue pain more unpleasant than superficial pain?), how or why the whole body aches in these patients, and how chronic stress exacerbate their pain. We speculate that persistent pain-induced brain sensitization underlies these chronic pain states. Areas involved in the emotional aspects of pain, such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insular cortex (IC), amygdala, may be sensitized. Memory of pain based on sensitization of brain areas involved in emotional response is useful for us to avoid future damage. However, in some pathological conditions, descending pain control system may switch from inhibition to facilitation, with unknown mechanism, and facilitate pain sensation and behavior. Serotonin (5-HT) may be involved in the descending facilitation in pathological pain conditions. Understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology and treatment of chronic pain states is an urgent issue from the view points of patients' quality of life and socio-economy.


An "industrial strength" algorithm for solving sparse symmetric generalized eigenproblems is described. The algorithm has its foundations in known techniques in solving sparse symmetric eigenproblems, notably the spectral transformation of Ericsson and Ruhe and the block Lanczos algorithm. However, the combination of these two techniques is not trivial; there are many pitfalls awaiting the unwary implementor. The focus of this paper is on identifying those pitfalls and avoiding them, leading to a "bomb-proof" algorithm that can live as a black box eigensolver inside a large applications code. The code that results comprises a robust shift selection strategy and a block Lanczos algorithm that is a novel combination of new techniques and extensions of old techniques.


The effects of several wing leading-edge camber and deflected-tip modifications on the force and moment characteristics of a 1/20-scale model of the Convair F-102 airplane have been determined at Mach numbers from 0.60 t o 1.14 for angles of attack up to 14 deg. in the Langley 8-foot transonic tunnel. The effects of elevator deflections from 0 deg. to -10 deg. were also obtained for a configuration incorporating favorable leading- edge and tip modifications. Leading-edge modifications which had a small amount of constant-chord camber obtained by vertically adjusting the thickness distribution over the forward (3.9 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord) portion of the wing were ineffective in reducing the drag at lifting conditions at transonic speeds. Leading edges with relatively large cambers designed to support nearly elliptical span load distributions at lift coefficients of 0.15 and 0.22 near a Mach number of 1.0 produced substantial reductions in drag at most lift coefficients.


An active 2nd-order bandpass state-space filter realisation known as the symmetric-form filter has been studied theoretically and practically and has been found to have desirable qualities, particularly those of low noise and good linearity. The noise and linearity performance of this realisation has been compared with that of the companion-form filter (feedforward filter).5.7 The dynamic range of the symmetric form, expressed as a power ratio, is shown to be 1000 times greater than that of the companion form having the same transfer function and using the same type of operational amplifier.


This paper proposes Pitts-DNF-C, a multi- objective Pittsburgh-style Learning Classifier System that evolves a set of DNF-type fuzzy rules for classification tasks. The system is explicitly designed to only explore solutions that lead to consistent, complete, and compact rule sets without redundancies and inconsistencies. The behavior of the system is analyzed on a collection of real-world data sets, showing its competitiveness in terms of performance and interpretability with respect to three other fuzzy learners.


With an increasing amount of textual information available there is also an increased need to make this information more accessible. Our paper describes a modified TextRank model and investigates the different methods available to use automatic text summarization as a means for summary creation of swedish news articles. To evaluate our model we focused on intrinsic evaluation methods, in part through content evaluation in the form of of measuring referential clarity and non-redundancy, and in part by text quality evaluation measures, in the form of keyword retention  and ROUGE evaluation. The results acquired indicate that stemming and improved stop word capabilities can have a positive effect on the ROUGE scores. The addition of redundancy checks also seems to have a positive effect on avoiding repetition of information. Keyword retention decreased somewhat, however. Lastly all methods had some trouble with dangling anaphora, showing a need for further work within anaphora resolution. Author


: Intersections should have traffic signals for the purpose of ensuring safe driving. They disrupt and lessen traffic flow because of the queue delays at each traffic flow. In areas with high population densities, traffic congestion is a major challenge. Your location can be reached in a short while or up to an hour. Because to inefficient traffic management, which might be remedied much more swiftly in the technologically advanced world of today. For better traffic control, image processing techniques are developed as opposed to a time-based approach. Image processing enables us to more quickly clear traffic by calculating the number of vehicles in each traffic lane. This project makes use of the Yolo algorithm. The real-time characteristics of the traffic flows intended to cross the intersection at each traffic light are taken into account by this algorithm during the planning phase. The new algorithm will result in a decrease in traffic waiting time at intersections with signalised traffic, which will improve traffic flow. Also, more cars will be passing the crossing every second.


The sintering of Si3N4 with 10•`50% (in weight) of equi-molar mixture of Al2O3 and Y2O3 was investigated at 1700•Ž and 1800•Ž. During heating , the dissolution of Si3N4 into Al2O3-Y2O3 reduces the melting point of the phase. The glass phase liquidized at sintering temperature and enhanced the liquid phase sintering . During sintering, a part of the liquid crystallized to ƒ¿•Œ-Si3N4 (solid solution of Si3N4 and Al2O3 with ƒ¿-Si3N4 structure) and/or Si3N4•EY2O3. The minimum porosity performed was 13.3% and 3.8% in pressureless sintering at 1700•Ž and gas pressure sintering under 10 atm N2 at 1800•Ž , respectively. The glass phase crystallized to ƒ¿•Œ-Si3N4 and Si3N4•EY2O3 by annealing at 1600•Ž . The crystallization of ƒÀ•Œ-Si3N4 and Si3N4•EY2O3 from glass phase was found in Al2O3 rich and Y2O3 rich compositions, respectively. The occurrence of ƒ¿•Œ-Si3N4 during sintering was attributed to non-equilibrium conditions. [Received Decemher 24 , 1976


To the Editor.— Low extracellular magnesium (Mg) levels may cause coronary artery spasm. 1 Increased influx of calcium across the arterial smooth-muscle cell membrane is the postulated mechanism. 2 Nevertheless, one authoritative review of calcium channel-blocking agents does not mention Mg. 3 Furthermore, I know of no case reports of hypomagnesemia causing cardiac ischemia. Therefore, the following brief report may be of interest. Report of a Case.— A 74-year-old woman was hospitalized because of syncope followed by chest pain. Past history included a myocardial infarction one month previously. At that time, her serum Mg level was 1.1 mg/dL (reference range, 1.4 to 2.0 mg/dL). Her chest pain had continued until she was given diltiazem, 30 mg orally three times daily. Coronary angiography one month before her myocardial infarction had shown no obstructive lesions, but ergonovine challenge was not performed. Twelve years prior to this, she had had a partial small-bowel


During Balkan wars (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and operation "Allied Force" in the spring of 1999, the burning or damaging of industrial and military targets in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, resulted in the release of a large number of chemicals into the environment. There are great fears and concrete evidence these significant quantities of polychlorinated bifenyls (PCB) ; various flame-retardants, explosives, and their by-products were released in the environment during warfare. For obtaining relevant data about these ecological damages inside WP 2 will be performed next investigations: 1. Collection of data about entering POPs in Dalmatian, Bosnian and Kosovo area , attacked during the last war. Hazard identification will be performed partly in co-operation with local authorities and partly by interview with responsible persons in most present relevant industrial objects and facilities. 2. Collection of soil and other solid samples and collection atmospheric samples. In connection to evaluation soil and atmospheric pollution of the investigated area, collection stations will be established on areas on which there are proved or at least suspicion about serious PCB pollution. Especially diligent attention will be paid to vulnerable karstic areas and all places where E.T.S. or other industrial objects were destroyed. On the suspicious places contaminated with PCBs and other POPs, collection of soil and other solid samples will be performed and send to other laboratories involved in the Project for chemical analysis. 3. Hydrogeological field investigations and hazard mapping. On Zadar area Detailed hydrogeological mapping of approximately 20 km2 area, scale 1:5 000 will be performed- Remote sensing analysis of geological, morphological, structural, vegetation and urbanised Characteristics of studied area (satellite imagines processes and interpretation). Preparation and interpretation of hydrogeological and hazard map, structuring the data. Digitalisation and preparation of the hydrogeological map on the basis of the GIS (Geographic Information System) and relevant data bank will be prepared.


Background The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection poses substantial challenges to public health. In England, "plan B" mitigation measures were introduced in December 2021 including increased home working and face coverings in shops but stopped short of restrictions on social contacts. The impact of voluntary risk mitigation behaviours on future SARS-CoV-2 burden is unknown. Methods We developed a rapid online survey of risk mitigation behaviours during the winter 2021 festive period deployed to two longitudinal cohort studies in the UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and TwinsUK/Covid Symptom Study (CSS) Biobank) in December 2021. Using an individualbased, probabilistic model of COVID-19 transmission between social contacts with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant parameters and realistic vaccine coverage in England, we describe the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron wave in England in terms of the effective reproduction number and cumulative infections, hospital admissions and deaths. Using the survey results, we estimated the impact of voluntary risk mitigation behaviours on the Omicron wave in England, if implemented for the entire epidemic wave. Results Over 95% of survey respondents (NALSPAC=2,686 and NTwins=6,155) reported some risk mitigation behaviours, with being fully vaccinated and using home testing kits the most frequently reported behaviours. Less than half of those respondents reported that their behaviour was due to "plan B". We estimate that without risk mitigation behaviours, the Omicron variant is consistent with an effective reproduction number between 2.5 and 3.5. Due to the reduced vaccine effectiveness against infection with the Omicron variant, our modelled estimates suggest that between 55% and 60% of the English population could be infected during the current wave, translating into between 15,000 and 46,000 cumulative deaths, depending on assumptions about vaccine effectiveness. We estimate that voluntary risk reduction measures could reduce the effective reproduction number to between 1.8 and 2.2 and reduce the cumulative number of deaths by up to 24%. Conclusions We conclude that voluntary measures have substantially reduce the projected impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant but that voluntary measures alone would be unlikely to completely control transmission. Introduction The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide with extreme rapidity since its identification in November 2021 in Southern Africa and is becoming the dominant variant in multiple countries. Omicron appears to have a substantial advantage over other variants, with numbers of cases consistently doubling every 2 to 3 days[1,2]. The apparent advantage of Omicron over other variants could be due to an increase in transmission potential over the existing Delta variant, or due to mutations which render immunity from vaccination and previous infections less protective against infection than before, or a combination of both effects[3,4]. If Omicron is more transmissible than the Delta variant, but vaccine effectiveness remains high, then non-vaccinated individuals are likely to be most susceptible to infection. If on the other hand, Omicron is as or less transmissible than Delta but is able to evade immunity, then vaccinated individuals are at risk of re-infection[5]. Given the rapid spread of Omicron, public health decisions have had to be made while data are still emerging on its capacity to cause severe disease. Emerging evidence suggests that infection with Omicron is less likely to lead to severe disease and death[6,7], with considerable uncertainty. The variant first identified in the UK in September 2020, Alpha, was associated with a two-fold increased mortality over the original Wuhan variant[8,9], and the variant first identified in India, Delta, had an increased severity of an additional 50%. It is therefore not clear if the reduction in severity associated with Omicron would have similar severity to the Wuhan variant. It has been suggested that if infection with Omicron is associated with lower severity, it might be unnecessary to limit numbers of infections, and to date, social distancing restrictions have not been implemented to control transmission in England. However, severity would have to be exceptionally low to counterbalance the rapid rate of spread and increasing numbers of infections. Omicron started spreading in the UK at the end of November 2021, becoming dominant in December 2021, and is currently causing the largest number of cases yet seen for SARS-CoV-2. The Christmas period is an unusual time of year in terms of mixing patterns, with people meeting increased numbers of friends and relatives and is of high importance to many. This unusual behaviour is not captured in standard contact and behavioural surveys, making the Omicron wave more difficult to estimate. Here, we present the results of a survey developed to assess behaviours over the UK festive period and voluntary risk mitigation measures being used. We use the responses to inform an individual-based disease transmission model and estimate the potential impact voluntary risk mitigation behaviour could have on the effective reproduction number, cumulative numbers of hospital admissions and deaths in England. Methods Ethics statement Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee and Local Research Ethics Committees on 25 November 2021. Participation was voluntary and only anonymised data were collected. The survey was sent out to TwinsUK participants under existing TwinsUK ethics (REC reference: EC04/015) and TwinsUK BioBank ethics (REC reference: 19/NW/0187). The survey was sent out to CSS Biobank participants under existing CSS Biobank ethics (REC reference: 20/YH/0298). Rapid survey of social contacts and risk-mitigation behaviour during December 2021 We developed an online survey about plans for Christmas 2021 to fill the gap in social contact and behavioural data. The survey covered the festive period from 20 December 2021 to 2 January 2022 and included questions about planned face-to-face interactions, numbers of households meeting indoors, vaccination and risk-mitigation behaviours (complete list of questions in the Supplementary Information). The survey was advertised to the participants of three longitudinal cohorts: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)[10– 12] , TwinsUK [13,14] and the COVID Symptom Survey (CSS) Biobank [15]. TwinsUK and the CSS Biobank were managed by the same team and were treated as one combined cohort for this study. ALSPAC is an intergenerational prospective birth cohort from the southwest of England. The study recruited 14,541 pregnant women with expected dates of delivery between 1st April 1991 to 31st December 1992 in the county of Avon and has followed the women, their partners and children since. Full details of the cohort and study design have been described previously[10–12] and are available at www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac. The ALSPAC survey was deployed using Microsoft Forms. The survey was an anonymous, standalone survey, and data were not linked to any other data on participants. The survey link went live on 9 December 2021 and was active until 22 December 2021. Participants of ALSPAC were invited to participate via a link in the annual newsletter which went to participants on 15 December 2021 and via social media posts, although anyone with the link could complete the survey. TwinsUK is a UK registry of volunteer twins in the United Kingdom, with about 14,000 registered twins[13,14]. The Covid Symptom Study (CSS) Biobank is a longitudinal study run by researchers at King's College London with approximately 12,000 participants [15]. The TwinsUK/CSS Biobank survey was implemented in REDCap, accessible via an anonymous link advertised in the Christmas newsletter. The survey link was active from 15 to 20 December 2021. Data from the surveys were analysed in R version 4.01. We calculated descriptive statistics by age and used a binomial general linear model to explore associations between risk mitigation behaviours. Modelling approach We used an individual-based disease model based on social contact data[16]. The basic premise behind the approach is that we calculate a distribution of individual reproduction numbers for the entire population, based on individuals' social contacts. Say individual i has k! social contacts on a given day. Each social contact involves n" other individuals and it lasts for a time d", which acts to weight the number of contacts. Their personal individual reproduction number (i.e. the number of secondary cases they generate) is given by R! = τ)[SAR]"n"d" , "! "#$ where [SAR]" is the Omicron-specific secondary attack rate (proportion of contacts that result in secondary infection) for the setting of the social contact, either household or non-household and τ is a constant calibrated to the reproduction number R% = 7 for the Delta variant in the absence of vaccination or natural immunity. We used social contact data from the Social Contact Survey (SCS)[17] and secondary attack rates estimated by UKHSA from positive tests in contacts named to NHS Test and Trace [6]. To calculate the population-level reproduction number from the individual reproduction numbers, we assume proportionate mixing between individuals, i.e. that the probability of contacting individual j is proportional to their number of contacts over the total number of contacts in the population, R& ∑ R& & ⁄ . The population-level reproduction number therefore scales with the square of the individual-level reproduction numbers:


Previous studies indicated that the canopy temperature was different among different wheat genotypes after anthesis.There were many reports about the physiological,anatomic and ecological characteristics of different wheat genotypes with lower and higher canopy temperature,but little about their nutritional traits.The objective of this study was to probe the P uptake and accumulation characteristics of genotypes with lower canopy temperature.Field experiments were conducted from 2002 to 2004 at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Northwest A F University,Yangling,Shaanxi Province,China.It is a sub-humid area susceptible to drought.The genotypes(Xiaoyan 6 and Shaan 229) have lower canopy temperature and were named cold type wheat(CTW).NR9405 and 9430 have higher canopy temperature,so they belong to warm type wheat(WTW).Each genotype received four fertilizer treatments: CK(no fertilizer),P fertilization(P2O5 176.2 kg/ha),N fertilization(N 237.0 kg/ha),and NP fertilization(P2O5 176.2 kg/ha plus N 237.0 kg/ha).The treatments(variety × fertilizer) used a factorial arrangement in a 4×4 randomized complete block design.Each treatment was replicated three times.The area of each plot was 2.1 m2.The soil was classified as Eum-Orthic Anthrosol,equivalent to an Udic Haplustalf in the USDA system.The soil had the following characteristics: OM,9.6 g/kg;total N,1.1 g/kg;available N(NO-3+NH4+),17.5 mg/kg;available P,12.3 mg/kg and available K2O,141.2 mg/kg.The results showed that there was no difference in P accumulation capability before anthesis of CTW and WTW,but the P accumulation in flag leaves and ears etc of CTW was higher than that of WTW.P uptake rate of CTW was 24.4% higher than that of WTW during filling stage.P accumulate rate in grain of CTW was 6.3%、11.1%、18.5% and 50.6% higher than those of WTW in the CK,P,N and NP treatments,respectively,at maturity stage.It is concluded that the CTW genotypes have higher P uptake capacity than WTW and are more responsive to N and P fertilizers.


Treatment of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum with elemental selenium (red or vitreous) in toluene solution under reflux yields an insoluble solid. This dissolves in dichloromethane with reaction, eventually to form a 1 : 1 mixture of [PtCl2(PPh3)2] and the new compound [Pt(Se2CH2)(PPh3)2], which has been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Under the same conditions, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium yields only decomposition products. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Secretion essentially means the transport of matter from the inside of a cell to the outside. Some gland cells secrete only small quantities of highly active substances, a task which could be accomplished entirely by exocytosis. Others, which secrete into ducts, require carrier fluid to be transported as well. This could be achieved by the activation of ion pumps and the entrainment of passive water flow. The nervous or humoral stimuli which give rise to secretion also produce electrical and morphological effects, and a central problem is the relationship between the various observed changes. Current hypotheses for stimulus-response coupling will be discussed and illustrated in relation to a number of different secreting tissues. Among exocrine glands, the cockroach salivary gland, mammalian salivary and lacrimal glands and the pan creas have been selected. The pancreatic ,8-cell and the adrenal chro maffin cell are used as examples for endocrine secretion. Other tissues which have been successfully studied include the blowfly salivary gland [see Fain & Berridge (49)], molluscan salivary and pedal glands [see Kater (88)], the liver [see Burgess et al (23)] and the pituitary (see 48), but they have been excluded for lack of space. Many of the topics discussed here are reviewed comprehensively in references (137) (salivary secretion), (26) (pancreatic secretion), and (117) (electrophysi ology).


This paper examines the impact of transport infrastructure investment and transport sector productivity on South African economic growth for the period 1975-2011. We use a Vector Error Correction Model and a Bayesian Vector Autoregressive model as empirical tools. The models provide an insight into the dynamic shocks on economic growth through impulse responses. The VECM reveals that economic growth is influenced by inflation, domestic fixed transport investments, and real exchange rate, yet on the BVAR model it was influenced by inflation, domestic fixed transport investments, multi factor productivity, real exchange rate and second period Gross Domestic Product.


The heart of NASA's STI system is a collection of scientific and technical information gathered from worldwide sources. Currently containing over 2.2 million items, the data base is growing at the rate of 140,000 items per year. In addition to announcement journals, information is disseminated through the NASA RECON on-line bibliographic search system. One part of RECON is NALNET which lists journals and books held by the NASA Centers. Another service now accessible by recon is a directory of numerical data bases (DND) which can be shared by NASA staff and contractors. The DND describes each data base and gives the name and phone number of a contact person. A NASA-wide integrated library system is being developed for the Center libraries which will include on-line catalog and subsystems for acquisition, circulation control, information retrieveal, management information, and an authority file. These subsystems can interact with on-line bibliographic, patron, and vendor files.


ABSTRACT A dual-wavelength Mach–Zehnder interferometer technique is used for the investigation of thermodiffusion through 5 mass% NaCl solution at temperature differences of 3°C, 5°C, and 8°C applied across the cavity. Initially, the values of thermal diffusivity and thermodiffusion coefficients are measured from the highly sensitive data of temperature and concentration distribution through sensitivity analysis. Variation of the extent of concentration gradient with time in response to the applied temperature gradient is determined. Interestingly, the extent of separation of the chemical species through the cross effect of the diffusion flow is found to increase with the strength of the applied thermal field.


As we can see now, the tachometer becomes used full. The infrared tachometer sensor needs only a reflector which have black and white stripe. The motor shaft will be covered with the reflector and the infrared sensor is placed at the distance 1cm from the reflector. The output voltage pulses received from light detector is around 1OOuV - 1OmV. One complete cycle of the voltage pulse mean one revolution of the rotating shaft. This one revolution needs to be counted until a minute to get the angular speed of rev/minute. This signal needs to be amplified and modified so that it can be detected by all standard digital components including microprocessor or microcontroller. A LCD display is used to shows the speed of the motor in value of rev/min.


Purpose – To introduce the special issue on organizational transformation and e‐business implementation.Design/methodology/approach – Provides a brief review of the papers within the issue.Findings – The organization transformation brought on by the internet and the adoption of e‐business approaches are fertile ground for continuing work. Virtually, all aspects of the structure and process within the organization are affected.Originality/value – Provides a summary of the perspectives considered within the issue.


Short-term memory confusions tend to resemble errors made in auditory signal identification tasks. Two kinds of explanation have been advanced to account for this. One postulates an acoustic, the other an articulatory mechanism. Both are compatible with available data. This paper reports a test of a version of the acoustic hypothesis. Auditory imaging was postulated as the mechanism involved. A group of Ss with poor auditory imagery, and a control group, were used in two experiments: a visual shortterm memory task, and an auditory signal identification task. The confusion matrices from the two experiments were rank correlated. Rhos were significant for both kinds of S, implying that auditory imaging is not involved in short-term memory.


The present overview summarizes selected conference papers which are application-oriented and could have short-term practical implications for the development of the stainless steel market. The scope of the conference, however, was much broader – including metallurgy and processes. Users wishing to purchase the full conference proceedings on a CD-ROM are invited to contact the conference organisers, the Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia (AIM) at email@example.com, indicating their full mailing address and VAT number. The price is € 70 plus mailing expenses. AIM will send a pro-forma invoice. As soon as the advance payment has been made, AIM will send the CD-ROM together with a formal invoice and receipt.


201 This column describes how technology can enrich the learning environment provided by the modern lan guage classroom. Typically, modern languages taught in U.S. public schools are French, Spanish, and German. A general broadening of high school graduation and college and professional school admission requirements to inc lude a certain level of modern language instruction has made it imperative that all students, including students with learning disabilities (LD), be able to participate and succeed in these classes. To support learning of students with LD, and to adapt to a culture of teaching that is mov ing away from textbooks and toward realia and authentic texts (Osuna & Meskill, 1998), we suggest that teachers use a universal design for learning (UDL) approach for planning instruction and technology integration for teach ing in their modern language classrooms. The three principles of UDL are to support learning by providing multiple, flexible methods of (a) presentation, (b) expression and apprenticeship, and (c) options for engagement (Center for Applied Special Technology [CAST], 2007). The power and benefit of technology in the modern language classroom are not just that it eng ages the typical students but that it makes learning a foreign language possible for students who were previ ously excluded. This exclusion often occurs because the requirements for these classes have traditionally been barriers that were difficult for students with LD to over come. One of these barriers is the large amount of writing required, which could be difficult for students with LD or students with physical disabilities. Another barrier is speaking in front of the class. This requirement is difficult for many students but could be nearly impossible for a student with a speech disability. Universal design for learning is based on the premise that reading, understand ing, and producing printed text are difficult for a signifi cant portion of students in public schools, including those with a variety of disabilities. Therefore, the inflexibility of print is a major barrier to learning. The researchers at CAST (Rose & Meyer, 2002; Rose, Meyer, & Hitchcock,


A neurocontroller is presented which seeks to minimize a reinforcement signal presented to the controller over time. The architecture is based on P.J. Werbos's (1989) backpropagated critic and incorporates A.G. Barto and R.S. Sutton's (1983) adaptive heuristic critic. Preliminary experiments performed with the cart-pole problem indicate that the method is faster, yet more unstable than a comparable method. The performance is significantly enhanced when a simple proportional control loop is used in conjunction with the neurocontroller


In deep-submicron technologies, process variations can significantly affect the performance and yield of VLSI chips. As a countermeasure to the variations, post-silicon tuning has been proposed. Deskew, where the clock timing of flip-flops (FFs) is tuned by inserted programmable delay elements (PDEs) into the clock tree, is classified into this method. We propose a novel deskew method that decides the delay values of the elements by measuring a small amount of FFs' clock timing and presuming the rest of FFs' clock timings based on a statistical model. In addition, our proposed method can determine the discrete PDE delay value because the rewriting constraint satisfies the condition of total unimodularity.


The present invention relates to a kit to aid penetration equipping a bomb, especially anti-infrastructure.Le kit comprises at least: - the launch tubes (22) mechanically secured to the bomb is placed in each of which an explosive projectile and its load propellant, an explosive projectile being ejected from the tube (22) by firing the propellant charge, - a system for controlling the ignition of each propellant charge before the impact of the bomb (21) onto a target. the invention applies in particular for the crossing of very thick-walled non metallic material such as concrete for example. The invention also relates to a penetrating projectile equipped with such a kit and a method of penetration of such a projectile in a target.


We show that if $\Omega$ is a connection $1$-form on a vector bundle $\eta$ over a closed $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifold $\mathcal{M}$ with $L^p$-regularity ($p>n$) and smooth curvature $2$-form $\mathscr{F}$, then it can be approximated in the $L^p$-norm by smooth connections of the same curvature, provided that $\|\Omega\|_{L^p(\mathcal{M})}$ is smaller than a uniform constant depending only on $p$ and $\mathcal{M}$.


In this Letter we describe a technique for producing nonpseudoscopic real images from a hologram which was constructed in the normal manner. It is shown that by properly choosing the reconstructing beam it is possible to ``project'' the virtual image thus obtaining a real image. The process is likened to that of imaging the virtual image through a positive lens whose focal length and aperture are directly related to parameters of the reconstructing beam.


The aim of the paper is to investigate the application of financial and non financial performance measures (value drivers) in the financial service industry in Bangladesh and their linkage to future financial outcomes and a firm's strategy. Data was obtained from 73 respondent firms and a descriptive analysis was used. We found that the financial service industry in Bangladesh is still very much reliant on financial performance measures rather than non-financial performance measures. However, the trend of using non-financial performance measures is increasing. We also found that there is a relationship between the use of non-financial performance measures and the resultant future financial outcomes. Moreover, a linkage was found between a firm's use of different performance measures and its strategy.


The Copenhagen talks stalled because international leaders could not agree on significant, legally binding commitments to stabilise greenhouse gas emissions at levels that avert dramatic global environmental, economic and social change, writes Nigel Howard.


Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and prophylactico-therapeutic measures of the early postoperative inflammatory ileus(EPII).Methods:The clinical data of 20 cases EPII from January in 2005 to July in 2008 was analysed retrospectively.Results:Twenty patients′ recovered after conservative treatment including gastrointestinal decompression,nutritional support,using hormane and somatostation or other medications.The mean time of healing was 13.5 days(4~23 days).Conclusion:EPII has the typical features of intestinal obstruction in common,but aslo has its unique pathogensis and clinical manifestations,early diagnosis and conservation treatment can gain good curative results.


Traditional risk‐based analysis for levee planning focuses primarily on overtopping failure. Although many levees fail before overtopping, few planning studies explicitly include intermediate geotechnical failures in flood risk analysis. This study develops a risk‐based model for two simplified levee failure modes: overtopping failure and overall intermediate geotechnical failure from through‐seepage, determined by the levee cross section represented by levee height and crown width. Overtopping failure is based only on water level and levee height, while through‐seepage failure depends on many geotechnical factors as well, mathematically represented here as a function of levee crown width using levee fragility curves developed from professional judgment or analysis. These levee planning decisions are optimized to minimize the annual expected total cost, which sums expected (residual) annual flood damage and annualized construction costs. Applicability of this optimization approach to planning new levees or upgrading existing levees is demonstrated preliminarily for a levee on a small river protecting agricultural land, and a major levee on a large river protecting a more valuable urban area. Optimized results show higher likelihood of intermediate geotechnical failure than overtopping failure. The effects of uncertainty in levee fragility curves, economic damage potential, construction costs, and hydrology (changing climate) are explored. Optimal levee crown width is more sensitive to these uncertainties than height, while the derived general principles and guidelines for risk‐based optimal levee planning remain the same.


TGase (Transglutaminase)gene from Streptoverticillium mobaraense was cloned into expression vector pET30a. The result of sequencing analysis indicated that the TGase whole length gene was obtained. Then TGase gene was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3).Its expression was induced by 1mmol/L IPTG. The result of SDS-PAGE analysis showed that there is a new protein band which is of 17% in total bacterial protein.Dolt blotting and Western blotting analysis proved that the inducible band could be specifically recognized by immol/Lune serum come from habit, which have been injected with TGase.Then the recombinant protein was purified and its biological activity of amine-γ-glutamyl-transferase was characterized, which can reach 15^1U/mg protein.;


CLASS Spatial Analyst is a GIS tool which can be used to support spatially distributed hydrological modelling. The tool generates a number of spatial layers that can be used for many practical applications. These include climate zoning, multi‐resolution DEMs, Compound Topographic Index (CTI) (also referred to as Topographic Wetness Index, TWI), lateral multiple flow paths, accumulation and dispersion of water and solutes from hazard areas, estimation of soil depth, soil material/horizon distribution and soil moisture storage capacity in different parts of the landscape. Although each of these tasks can be undertaken separately using spatial software packages such as ArcGIS, GRASS, TIME, and MapInfo, this tool puts together all these tasks into a single application which provides the user with an option of undertaking some or all of them within this application. The technology used in this tool is supported by various peer‐reviewed publications (e.g. Tarboton 1997 , Gallant and Dowling 2003 ).


Rules are commonly used for classification because they are modular intelligible and easy to learn. Existing work in classification rule learning assumes the goal is to produce categorical classifications to maximize classification accuracy. Recent work in machine learning has pointed out the limitations of classification accuracy: when class distributions are skewed or error costs are unequal, an accuracy-maximizing rule set can perform poorly. A more flexible use of a rule set is to produce instance scores indicating the likelihood that an instance belongs to a given class. With such an ability, we can apply rule sets effectively when distributions are skewed or error costs are unequal. This paper empirically investigates different strategies for evaluating rule sets when the goal is to maximize the scoring (ROC) performance.


This selected issues paper on Cape Verde, Namibia, and Kingdom of Swaziland was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member countries. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on January 23, 2013. The views expressed in this document are those of the staff team and do not necessarily reflect the views of the governments of Cape Verde, Namibia, and Kingdom of Swaziland or the Executive Board of the IMF.


In his book Out of the Crisis, W. Edwards Deming proposed a set of ideas and principles which, he claimed, would improve the effectiveness and competitiveness of American companies. These ideas have provided one of the foundations of what is now commonly known as total quality management. Many companies in Japan, USA, Europe, and Australia have attempted to adopt these principles, with mixed success. One Australian company, Tubemakers of Australia, has been implementing the Deming philosophy in at least one of its manufacturing plants for some 7 years, and this has provided an opportunity for some research to be undertaken on the effects of this approach on the plant's employees. This paper presents the preliminary results of such a research programme. All available management and supervisors, and about 16% of shop floor workers, were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. The responses show clearly that the implementation of the Deming philosophy at this plant has resulted in significant change. Emp...


EPJ manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Anisotropic x ray magnetic linear dichroism Its importance for the analysis of soft x ray spectra of magnetic oxides G. van der Laan 1,a and E. Arenholz 2 Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA Abstract. Using spectroscopic information for x ray magnetometry and magnetic microscopy requires detailed theoretical understanding of spectral shape and mag- nitude of dichroism signals. We have shown unambiguously that—contrary to common belief—spectral shape and magnitude of x ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) are not only determined by the relative orientation of magnetic moments and x ray polarization, but also their orientations relative to the crystallographic axes must be taken into account for accurate interpretation of XMLD data. 1 Introduction To be able to engineer magnetic nanostructures comprised of multiple layers with very different magnetic properties for device applications in information storage technology requires a pre- cise determination of the spin structure in heteromagnetic nanostructures. Soft x ray magnetic dichroism spectroscopies play an ever increasing role in improving our understanding of com- plex magnetic nanostructures as these techniques provide elemental and chemical site-specific magnetic information with high sensitivity and tunable probing depth. X ray spectromicroscopy techniques such as photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) add spatial resolution down to a few nm. Using spectroscopic information for magnetometry and magnetic microscopy, i.e., to determine the alignment of magnetic moments relative to the crystal axes and to image domains, requires detailed knowledge and theoretical understanding of the spectral shape and magnitude of dichroism signals as well as their dependence on the relative orientation of polar- ization, external field, and crystallographic axes. X ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) was first predicted in 1985 [1] and observed ex- perimentally the year after [2]. Sum rules relate the integrated intensities of the L 2 and L 3 XMLD to expectation values of charge quadrupole moment and anisotropic spin-orbit inter- action [3]. Measurements and theoretical description of the anisotropic x ray magnetic linear dichroism (AXMLD) were recently obtained at the L 2,3 edges of the 3d transition metal oxides NiFe 2 O 4 , NiO [4], Fe 3 O 4 [5], and CoFe 2 O 4 [6] and rare earth M 4,5 edges of the ferromagnetic semiconductor EuO [7]. These results showed that—contrary to common belief—spectral shape and magnitude of the XMLD is not only determined by the relative orientation of magnetic moments and x ray polarization but that their orientations relative to the crystallographic axes has to be taken into account. Consequently, conclusions based on the interpretation of XMLD spectra without accounting for its anisotropy have to be reconsidered. In particular, previous conclusions for NiO [8–10] require a reinterpretation of the experimental data using these recent findings [4]. The XMLD angular dependence reflects the symmetry of the crystal field and is well reproduced using atomic multiplet theory [11]. The observed anisotropy in the XMLD is a general phenomenon expected in any magnetic system. a e-mail: email@example.com


Suppose that $G$ is a groupoid acting on a small category $H$ in the sense of \cite[Definition 4]{NOT} and $H\times_\alpha G$ is the resulting semi-direct product category (as in \cite[Proposition 8]{NOT}). We show that there exists a subcategory $H_r \subseteq H$ satisfying some nice property called ``regularity'' such that $H_r \times_\alpha G = H\times_\alpha G$. Moreover, we show that there exists a so-called ``quasi action'' (see Definition \ref{quasi}) $\beta$ of $G$ on $C^*(H_r)$ (where $C^*(H_r)$ is the semigroupoid $C^*$-algebra as defined in \cite{EXE}) such that $C^*(H_r\times_\alpha G) = C^*(H_r)\times_\beta G$ (where the crossed product for $\beta$ is as defined in Definition \ref{cross}).


According to the arithmetic of motion compensation in AVS audio video coding standard,an optimized hardware implementation of motion compensation for AVS decoder is proposed. Hardware units are reused for different interpolation modes to save resources. A method for taking reference data from SDRAM is suggested to reduce the bus occupancy rate. The synthesis and simulation results indicate that the hardware cost is low,and the design can meet the demand of the real-time video decoding.


The knowledge of the equation of state(EOS)and the compressibility of a solid are of central importance for the understanding of the behavior and the application of a condensed matter.The compression behavior of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass(BMG)is investigated at room temperature up ...


In this paper, switched mode power amplifiers classes of operation and device technologies are characterized versus input power and output supply voltage. The results are used to identify optimal control schemes for use in polar transmitter architectures. Then the effects of different control schemes on the requirements for the power amplifier, and the envelope amplifier, as the main building blocks of this architecture, are investigated.


Good code sets have autocorrelation functions ACF with small sidelobes, and also have small crosscorrelations. In this work, a class of good ternary codes sets are introduced. First, mutually orthogonal vectors are selected, then they are spread via a Golomb ruler. This is shown to result in such a good set. If the mutually orthogonal vectors have entries in {-1,1} or {-1,0,1}, then a ternary code set result. While there are methods of generating ternary codes, and complementary ternary codes [1–7], there is no method in prior publications of generating mutually orthogonal ternary code sets. That is one of the contributions of this work. If complex numbers with unity magnitudes are allowed, then we obtain codes with magnitudes in {0,1}. If the vectors are obtained from matrices with mutually orthogonal rows and columns, as in Hadamard matrices, or DFT matrices, then longer codes can be obtained via spreading the obtained good set via a Golomb ruler a second time. Using existing codes, such as Barker codes, and spreading them via a Golomb ruler, then compounding them with the elements of a good set, results in a new good set with higher mainlobes. The spreading could be induced via any array of any dimension with elements of magnitudes in {0,1} that have autocorrelation with unity peak sidelobes. This includes Costas arrays, in addition to Golomb rulers.


Abstract : The Litton LTN-211 Omega Navigation System (ONS) is currently in service in RAF transport and other aircraft. This memorandum covers installation and flight trails of a variant of the Service Omega equipment in a Wessex helicopter. (Author)


The objective of this research is to study principa l component analysis for classification of 67 soil sa mples collected from different agricultural areas in the western part of Thailand. Six soil properties were measured on the soil samples and ar e used as original variables. Principal component analysis is applied to reduce the number of original variables. A model based on the first two principal components accounts for 72.24% of total v ariance. Score plots of first two principal components were used t o map with agricultural areas divided into horticulture, field crops and wetland. The results showed some relationships between soil pr perties and agricultural areas. PCA was shown to be a useful to ol for agricultural areas classification based on soil properties. Keywords—soil organic matter, soil properties, classificatio n, principal components