The river water association, Erftverband looks back on two decades of experience in design and operation of municipal membrane bioreactors (MBR) in the Erft river catchment in Germany. During that time MBR operations have been monitored scientifically and process optimizations have taken place. For example between 2010 and 2015 the specific energy consumption of Nordkanal MBR (80,000 population equivalents) was cut down from 0.94 kWh/m3 to 0.63 kWh/m3 wastewater treated (see figure 1) while membrane filters remain in continuous operation since 2004. With that background, Erftverband sees a promising potential of MBR in the future development of wastewater treatment not only in the Erft river catchment but the energy consumption at Nordkanal MBR will be further reduced. Construction works for primary clarification and anaerobic sludge treatment started in February, 2017. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment has been developed for over three decades. Our latest survey shows that MBR applications for wastewater treatment are still in rapid growth today. This review summarizes the pros, cons and progress in full-scale MBR applications. Critical statistics on the capital cost, operating cost, footprint, energy consumption and chemical consumption of full-scale MBRs are provided, and are compared to those of conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes with/without tertiary treatment. The efficiencies in full-scale treatment of ordinary pollutants (C, N and P), pathogens (bacteria and viruses) and emerging pollutants (e.g., trace organic pollutants) are reviewed. The long-term operation stability of full-scale MBRs is also discussed with several examples provided, with special attention placed on the seasonal variation of membrane fouling. Finally, the future challenges of MBR application are outlined from the perspectives of fouling control, pollutant removal, cost-effectiveness and competitiveness in specific fields of application. Osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) is an emerging technology that integrating a forward osmosis (FO) process into a membrane bioreactor (MBR). This technology has been gaining increasing popularity in wastewater treatment and reclamation due to its excellent product water quality, low fouling tendency and high fouling reversibility over conventional MBRs. In past decade especially the last 3 years, novel insights and significant advancements have been achieved in many aspects of OMBR Note: This work is partly presented at International Conference on Membrane Science and Technology September 11-12, 2017 | Paris, France J Bio Energetics, Vol.9 Iss.2 accompanied with greatly increased number of published papers. This paper attempts to critically review the recent developments in OMBRs and to present a clear outline for further studies. Firstly, OMBR fundamentals including its configuration and FO process are presented. Subsequently, performance of OMBRs is summarized and compared to conventional MBRs. In this article, membrane bioreactor principles and applications will be discussed. In particular, the properties and applications of bioartificial hybrid membrane systems used in biotechnological and medical fields will be emphasized. In the first part, we focus on general aspects of membrane bioreactors, including some highlights on membrane properties, functions, and transport as well as on kinetics of biocatalysts immobilized in membranes. Afterwards, membrane bioreactors using immobilized biocatalysts such as enzymes, microorganisms, and cells for the production and separation of bioactive pharmaceutical products are discussed. Membrane bioreactors using isolated mammalian cells (i.e., liver cells and pancreatic cells) as bioartificial organs in temporary or continuous substitution of injured organ are illustrated as well. The properties of membranes to be used in these devices are reported including morphological and physicochemical properties that influence their performance. A brief description of membrane bioreactor (MBR) historical evolution has been presented with emphasis on continual decline of treatment costs and energy requirements. Although MBR can operate at biomass (MLSS) concentrations 5 to 10 times higher than activated sludge these concentrations are limited in practice by increasing biomass suspension viscosity that in turn increases "reversible" membrane fouling and decreases oxygen transfer rates. "Irreversible" fouling is a major operational challenge since it depends on subtle interactions of membranes with various fractions of soluble microbial products resulting from microbial metabolism. 'Most of the municipal solid wastes (MSW) produced daily in the world are being buried in landfilling sites without any prior treatment particularly in developing countries. These landfills yield leachate which is a highly contaminated wastewater. Thus, a proper treatment of leachate is highly recommended before the final discharge. Recently, the use of membrane separation technology alongside bioreactors have opened a new gateway in treating refractory wastewater such as landfill leachate. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is a promising technique for leachate treatment due its substantial benefits over other conventional anaerobic and aerobic technologies.


Srishti Sharma 1 and Megha S Sheth 2 . 1. Ph.D Scholar (Gujarat University), Lecturer, CM Patel College of Physiotherapy, Gandhinagar, India. 2. MeghaSheth, Lecturer, SBB College of Physiotherapy, Ahmedabad, India. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 06 June 2019 Final Accepted: 08 July 2019 Published: August 2019


It is shown that the cathode emission centers are interphase boundaries aluminate and tungsten in the pores. Emission properties deteriorate as a result of lower activity of barium as the percolation phase reactions and improve the activity of oxygen in the device. Analysis of the percolation model of the cathode shows that in the field of operating temperatures, such a system is self-organizing, ie phase composition and temperature regime the self.


Abstract Differentiated Instruction is a method for providing students with an equitable teaching experience. This article presents a method for teaching by invitation using the 'Hot Sauce' method. This practical technique is discussed in detail with examples for implementation into physical education classes at all levels. Student choice and competition level are used in place of ability level or grouping students.


The report compares the use of wood as a fuel for a commercial electric power plant in Vermont, with use of clean fossil fuels or fossil fuels with suitable pollution control technology. Wood fuel was derived from forest surplus; i.e., the tops and branches of trees cut for commercial purposes, cull or noncommercial trees, and waste from forest products industries. The comparison considered boiler technology, pollutant emissions, control technology, energy balance, environmental/ecological impact, and cost. (GRA)


AbstractUrban water security is a major concern in the context of urbanization and climate change. Water security goes beyond having good infrastructure or good governance. Systems thinking can hel...


5573 Background: Concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy as well as docetaxel/cisplatin combination are highly active agents for locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (LANPXCA).The efficacy and tolerability of concurrent cisplatin/radiotherapy followed by adjuvant docetaxel/cisplatin are explored in a phase II study Methods: From May 2001 to Feb 2003, 17 patients with LANPXCA stage III-IV were treated with 2 cycles of 3 weekly cisplatin 100mg/m2 concurrently with radiotherapy aiming at 70Gy Gy/ 35 fraction/ 7 weeks. Three weeks post radiotherapy 4 cycles of adjuvant 3 weekly docetaxel 60mg/m2 1 hour IV infusion D1 and cisplatin 60mg/m2 2 hours IV infusion D1 with prophylactic G-CSF support as 5μg/kg s.c. D3–5 were added. The median follow up was 30.2 months (15.6 - 41.1). Results: The median age was 50 years (25–70) and male to female ratio was 4.3:1. Nasal obstruction 82.4%, neck swelling 76.5%, headache 70.6% and impaired hearing 52.9% were the commonest symptoms. The most common histopathologic grade wa...


This study was conducted on the effects of guide vane inclination of an axial shelling unit on corn shelling performance, based on loss from the shelling unit, grain breakage, power requirements and specific energy consumption. It was found that when the guide vane inclination increased, loss from the shelling unit had a tendency to decrease, the power requirements and specific energy consumption tended to increase linearly and the grain breakage difference was not significant. A study of the rotor speed and feed rate showed that an increased rotor speed could decrease the loss from shelling, while the grain breakage, power requirements and specific energy consumption tended to increase. Increasing the feed rate increased the loss from the shelling unit, grain breakage and power requirements; additionally, it decreased the specific energy consumption.


The authors conduct a broad survey over a wide range of alloys of the methods and systems employed in the acoustic emission testing of crystal-phase transformations during processing and heat treatment scenarios. The applicability of acoustic emission testing to studies on microstructural and domain structural behavior as well as quality control during heat treatment and welding is assessed for specific cases.


Abstract : Two of the three Libby Dam sluices suffered cavitation damage after a short period of operation. During this period of operation, extreme noise was heard and structural movement suspected. Prototype studies were conducted to monitor the sluice pressure fluctuation amplitudes and frequencies as well as sluice gate and structural vibrations. In addition, stilling basin wall pressures were measured during spillway releases. The sluice pressure measurements indicated that negative pressure fluctuations occurred at all points of measurement along the invert (at all gate openings) and that vapor pressure was approached or occurred at three of these locations during certain gate openings. Structural vibrations were generally insignificant whereas the sluice gate was subjected to significant vibrations in all three directions. The mean pressures measured on the stilling basin wall were lower in the upstream, lower portion of the wall and vapor pressure was approached in the upstream lower corner. (Author)


The use of peat as a basis for growing substrates has allowed the horticultural sector to become increasingly efficient and industrialized, which nowadays makes peat an indispensable external input for a majority of horticultural businesses. As peat is considered a nonrenewable resource, whose extraction is recognized to have negative impacts on climate change, wetland ecosystems biodiversity and water regulating mechanisms, the organic regulations towards the use of peat are becoming stricter and the need to develop alternatives emerged. So far, alternatives have mainly been tested by substituting peat with one other material to different extends, but a single material which is able to substitute peat completely has not been found. This research is a study looking into the potential for peat substitutes using a mixture of materials. It was hypothesized that similar physicaland chemical characteristics to a commonly used peat based substrate have better effect on plant development and quality. Physical and chemical characteristics of nine different materials (wagram compost, vermicompost, wood fiber, coconut coir dust, lavasand, quarz sand, biochar, bark humus and horse manure substrate) are analyzed and according to the results four compositions created. In a pilot experiment, plant productivity of tomato and lettuce after six weeks of growth in the four compositions as well as on a commonly used peat based substrate "Bio Potgrond" and an already existing peat free substrate "Bio Erde" by Vermigrand is compared. Diverse parameters such as plant height and biomass, flower production and nutrient uptake were measured and compared using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. Transplants grown on the peat substrate performed significantly better than those on the peat-free substrates. Plant productivity amongst peat free substrates was highest on substrates containing coconut coir instead of wood fiber, also significantly higher than on the peat free control "Bio Erde", indicating that the physical characteristics of coconut coir, which are similar to those of peat, have a major effect on plant growth. After the experiment plant nutrient contents were measured and nitrogen recovery calculated with results respective to the outcomes of the experiment, showing that next to the physical characteristics the nitrogen mobilization and availability of the substrates plays a major role. In a follow-up experiment these results were taken into account, and an additional seven substrates were composed, which were on the one hand additionally fertilized with horn meal or vermicompost, and on the other hand contained different wood fiber brands, in order to find one, which is able to compete with coconut coir. Due to small sample sizes in the follow up experiment, the results were not analyzed with statistical tests, and should therefor merely be used as an indication. The tomato transplants grown in the peat based Bio Potgrond were still performing the best, closely followed by a mixture with coconut coir and additional horn meal, as well as a mixture to which vermicompost was added. No wood fiber could be identified which led to better results than the one used in the pilot experiment. The results of the lettuce transplants in the follow-up experiment were to some extend controversial. The peat free Bio Erde performed better than the peat based Bio Potgrond, which is remarkable as in the pilot experiment this substrate performed significantly worse. External factors such as radiation and temperature may thus have a big effect on plant development and growth. Although none of the substrates is proven to compete with the peat based substrate, this research provided a first approach for the development of peat-free substrates, and revealed the importance of more in depth research when using mixture substrates.


The aim of this paper is to introduce the new notion of absorbing maps in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space which is neither a subclass of compatible maps nor a subclass of non-compatible maps, it is not necessary that absorbing maps commute at their coincidence points however if the mapping pair satisfy the contractive type condition then point wise absorbing maps not only commute at their coincidence points but it becomes a necessary condition for obtaining a common fixed point of mapping pair. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 47H10, 54H25, 46J10, 46J15.


Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds the premise to transform the energy sector and the underlying value chain; scarcity of AI expertise in the energy community, fuzzy and unclear regulations on access to data, standards' immaturity and uncertain business cases are hampering though the full exploitation of its potential. In this context, the goal of this paper is to present the I-NERGY project, an Innovation Action that targets to promote AI in the energy sector by reinforcing the AI-on-demand (AI4EU) platform service offering and ecosystem. To this end, the paper introduces the I-NERGY project concept, the domain challenges it addresses and the target audience towards which it is addressed, exposes the project technical solution and pilot use cases that respectively incarnate, and exemplify and validate it and emphasizes its open call mechanism for providing financing support to third SMEs for energy use cases and AI services proliferation.


Carrier frequency offset (CFO) results in multiaccess interference and intersymbol interference and degrades the bit error rate performance. Mitigating the effects of CFO always burdens the receiver with respect to architecture and power. This disadvantage increases with increase in number of users. In the present work, bit error rate analysis of multiuser group orthogonal–orthogonal frequency division multiple access scheme for variable rate and single rate over pedestrian channel in the presence of CFO is presented. Through analysis, it is proved that by incorporating carrier interferometry codes in the scheme, CFO effects can be removed without burdening receiver. It is also shown by analysis that effect of CFO is rate dependent. Finally, simulation results are provided to confirm the analytical results.


FzK carried out the QUEOS experiments of which objective is to mainly investigate the premixing phase using hot spheres, not molten corium jet, in saturated water [3]. They provided the information on the particle bed geometry on the floor of the interaction chamber as well as the mixing zone size depending on the experimental conditions. KAERI carried out TROI fuel coolant interaction experiments using prototypic corium. In some TROI experiments, they investigated the mixing zone size for the cases without steam explosion [4]. In FARO L-28 test, the mixing zone and particle accumulation shape were observed [5]. From QUEOS, TROI and FARO tests, authors analyzed the relevance of mixing zone size and the particle bed geometry because the mixing zone size is the area where particles and voids in the water are distributed.


A new metalloid cluster Ga22R8 with a
central gallium atom exhibiting an unusual coordination number of 13 and
the gallatetrahedrane Ga4R4 are obtained by reaction
of 'GaI' with the lithium tris(trimethylsilyl)germanide
Li(thf)3R.


The problem of turbulent transport of a scalar field by a random velocity field is considered. The scalar field amplitude exhibits rare but very large fluctuations whose typical signature are fatter than Gaussian tails for the probability distribution of the scalar. The existence of such large fluctuations is related to clustering phenomena of the Lagrangian paths within the flow. This suggests an approach to turn the large deviation problem for the scalar field into a small deviation, or small ball, problem for some appropriately defined process measuring the spreading with time of the Lagrangian paths. Here, such a methodology is applied to a model proposed by Majda consisting of a white‐in‐time linear shear flow and some generalizations of it where the velocity field has finite, or even infinite, correlation time. The non‐Gaussian invariant measure for the (reduced) scalar field is derived and, in particular, it is shown that the one‐point distribution of the scalar has stretched exponential tails, with a stretching exponent depending of the parameters in the model. Different universality classes for the scalar behavior are identified which, all other parameters being kept fixed, display a one‐to‐one correspondence with a exponent measuring time persistence effects in the velocity field. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Covid-19 is a new threat that has had a very influential in recent times. The world health organization, namely the WTO, has conveyed the urgency regarding the global pandemic which is a threat to world safety and health. The high number of Covid-19 cases has an impact on human security problems including health, hunger, death, large-scale economic decline, and increasing poverty rates. This human security problem occurs in all countries around the world, including in Indonesia. Food scarcity has led to an increase in food prices, plus limited work activities have made this pandemic an extraordinary issue. Walhi, which is a local non-governmental organization, is present in the midst of the deteriorating quality of life of the Indonesian people to carry out its role. Walhi itself is an NGO which often makes notes on ecological disasters that often occur in Indonesia, including food crises and other crises caused by environmental problems. Walhi is also working with FAO in dealing with impacts humanitarian pandemic Covid-19. This group of organizations is trying to assist in overcoming this crisis.


ABSTRACT Studies uu No. 32 tahun 1974 about the role lurah undertaking system village governane in order to effectively and efficiently guna di Mahakam ulu subdistrict regency long Pahangai under the guidance of Mr.DR.Abdul Munif,SH,M.Hum as a supervisor I and DR. Derawan Hasyim,M.Si as supervisor II. Objective to obtain concrete data relating to the issues discussed and to know the efforts made and to find answers to problems that have been formulated and to prove or test the hypotheses of the study and to vaildate the hypotheses that have been put forward. Conclusions drawn from the reseacrh is that rural communities can participate in the development didesanya the efforts should be made is the following, among others: The role of the village headman in the government system as followes: Lurah as the community to set priorities,pay attention to public opinion as it also has responsibility to the people of his village, the local governments and the central gobernment. Lurah has a very large role, especially in the construction of the village. Lurah role that is able to develop religious values and customs in the village in order to create a safe community, peaceful and democratic. Lurah play its role in accordance with exisiting legislation and encourages the development of new values which are positive for the community and encourage community participation towards independence.


Early detection of glaucoma is essential to minimizing the risk of visual loss. It has been shown that a good predictor of glaucoma is the cup-to-disc ratio of the optic nerve head. This paper presents an automated method to segment the optic disc. Our approach utilizes pixel feature selection to train a feature set to recognize the region of the disc. Soft pixel classification is used to generate a probability map of the disc. A new cost function is developed for maximizing the probability of the region within the disc. The segmentation of the image is done using a novel graph search algorithm capable of detecting the border maximizing the probability of the disc. The combination of graph search and pixel classification enables us to incorporate large feature sets into the cost function design, which is critical for segmentation of the optic disc. Our results are validated against a reference standard of 82 datasets and compared to the manual segmentations of 3 glaucoma fellows.


The magnetically controlled shunt reactor (MCSR) is a very important reactive power compensation equipment for power grid, which has the function of smooth regulating capacity, eliminating the overvoltage of operation and submersible current. The structure of MCSR is complex, and it works in the saturation state of AC and DC mixing. The modeling is difficult and there are few references at home and abroad. This paper uses Ansoft Maxwell software to build two-dimensional finite element model of MCSR, and the external circuit editor as the excitation source of the finite element model, successfully built a simulation model which is more conducive to analyzing the characteristics of MCSR. This model is more accurate and solves the defects that other methods can't analyze accurately. Then we use this model to analyze the working characteristics of MCSR under the interaction of DC and AC-DC power sources and the working characteristics of capacitor regulation process.


Asymmetric calix(4)arenes (5) consisting of three different phenolic units were obtained by fragment condensation either of a trinuclear compound (1) with a 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)phenol (2) or a dinuclear compound (3) with a bisbromomethylated dimer (4) in a dioxane–TiCl4 system.


Plato did Homer no favors. When Plato banished Homer from his republic, he posited a split between epic and philosophic knowledge that would remain a part of a Western philosophical tradition. For Plato, the problem with the Homeric epics was that they were imitations of phenomenal appearance because they depicted the shadowy world of human action and emotion. Though tempered in recent years by examinations of both the philosophic contributions of literature and the literary basis of philosophy, what has often emerged is a distinction, made both implicitly and explicitly, between political thought - which is depicted as a systematic, reasoned, reflective, and critical account of the political world - and the epics - which are often characterized as uncritical appropriations of myths, legends, stories, and superstitions. As evidence, commentators point to a seemingly irrational cosmology alive with divine forces, inconsistencies in the stories that comprise the epic, and the oral nature of epic verse in which the aim was to tell a particular story and not to analyze the foundations of thought. In this chapter, I approach Homer as a political thinker. By this I mean both that the epics are engaged in critical reflection and that this reflection is political in nature. The chapter will proceed in several parts. First, I will examine two major obstacles to approaching the epics as works of political thought: the ideas that oral poetry lacks a critical dimension and that Homeric society is pre-political. I end these sections by making an argument about what is critical and what is political in the epics. In the subsequent sections, I engage in a series of forays into Homeric political thought, taking up contending notions of power, rights, the people, gender, and ethics.


Photoelectrochemical biofuel cells can convert light and chemical energy into electrical energy using a dye-sensitized titania (TiO2) fluorine-doped tin oxide photoanode and a platinum-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide cathode. TiO2 of the photoanode serves both as a support for dyes and as an electron-transporting medium, the structure of which can limit electron trapping and charge transporting and then affect the performance of the photoelectrochemical biofuel cells. TiO2 nanotube array films have been shown to enhance the efficiencies of both charge collection and electron injection, and hence a vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube array is investigated as a conductor for the tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin dye to construct a new two-compartment photoelectrochemical biofuel cell. The photoelectrochemical biofuel cell containing the TiO2 nanotube array photoanode yields a short-circuit (Isc) current of 110 μA and an open-circuit (Voc) potential of 1010 mV. In contrast, the photovoltaic parameters, Isc and Voc of the photoelectrochemical biofuel cell with the mesoporous TiO2 nanocrystal fluorine-doped tin oxide photoanode, are 96.96 μA and 740 mV, respectively. Photovoltaic measurements show that the maximum incident photon-to-collected electron conversion efficiency was 58% at 430 nm through the spectral range (400–800 nm) for the photoelectrochemical biofuel cell with the TiO2 nanotube array fluorine-doped tin oxide photoanode. These results revealed that the TiO2 nanotube array had great potential for the photoelectrochemical biofuel cells.


This work investigates an electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of two layer fluids through a microchannel under the influence of interfacial slip at fluid-solid interface. The governing equations of conservation of momentum and potential distribution equations with Debye-Huckel approximation has been simplified analytically. The effects of different parameters like transverse electric field, viscosity ratio, interfacial charge density has been presented graphically. Also this study explored that the effect of Hartmann number and large Hartmann number on the velocity of fluid are almost opposite. These results are valid to the available data. Also it is shown that the interfacial charge density has a crucial role to play with the velocity of a fluid.


The research aims to determine the effect of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Job Stress partially or simultaneously on intention to leave at RS Nahdlatul Ulama Tuban. The research uses quantitative causal and associative approach. The sample amounted to 92 people. Determination of the sample in this study using the method of saturated sampling. Gathering data using questionnaires and interviews, while the analysis of data using multiple linear regression analysis. Research at a significance level of 5% showed that: 1) t test result on job satisfaction variable is -2.162 with a significance value of 0.033. It means job satisfaction has a negative and significant influence on intention to leave. 2) t test on organizational commitment variabel is -2.333 with a significance value of 0.022. It means organizational commitment has a negative and significant influence on intention to leave. 3) t test on job stress variable is 2.241 with a significant value of 0.021. it means job stress has a positive and significant influence on intention to leave. 4) Determination coefficient test (R2) for X1, X2 and X3 is 0.234, it means intention to leave can be influenced by job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job stress around 23,4% , then other factors around 76,6%. Key word: Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Job Stress and Intention to Leave


The Little River Watershed (LRW) in Tennessee has experienced rapid land use/land cover (LULC) change in recent decades. However, a detailed long-term record of LULC change is still lacking. Here, we examined the pattern of LULC change from 1984 to 2010 in roughly 2-year intervals using the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) of Landsat TM/ETM+ images. The accuracy of the classification was assessed by comparing classified LULC classes with their corresponding classes identified from Google Earth high resolution imagery (representing "ground truth"). An overall accuracy of 89.7% and a kappa coefficient of 85.8% were achieved for the classification of 2010. Change detection of classified LULC maps indicated that urban areas (residential and commercial lands) and forest increased in 1984-2010 from 6.3 to 11.1% and from 65.0 to 69.5%, respectively. In contrast, agricultural land decreased from 28.3 to 18.9%. The increase in urban areas is consistent with the population increase in the watershed in recent decades, and the increase in forest is probably due to the protection effort of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, as well as the natural conversion of abandoned agricultural land because more and more local farmers find jobs in cities. This detailed long-term record of LULC change would provide valuable information for local land-use planning and management and help assess the potential impacts of LULC change in this watershed.


Colonoscopy is the most sensitive method to evaluate mucosal changes and is the only method available for providing histological information,it is crucial to determine the extent of disease,the disease activity,and to evaluate the response to various medical therapies.Colonoscopy is also indicated in the screening and surveillance for the screening and surveillance for dysplasia and cancer.Thus,colonoscopy is important in the diagnosis and evaluating of ulcerative colitis,and it has replaced radiology as the initial test of choice in ulcerative colitis.


Effect of some thiourea and quinoline derivatives on corrosion inhibition of Mild steel in 10% (v/v) sulphuric acid (Sp.g.1.8) was studied at 298K, 323K & 348K. Total immersion and electrochemical polarisation test was carried out. It was found from the present comparative study that thiourea derivatives have better inhibition effect than quinoline derivatives at above temperatures.


We report abundances of elements from 26Fe to 34Se in the cosmic radiation measured during fifty days of exposure of the Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (TIGER) balloon-borne instrument. These observations add support to the concept that the bulk of cosmic ray acceleration takes place in OB associations, and they further support cosmic ray acceleration models in which elements present in interstellar grains are accelerated preferentially compared with those found in interstellar gas.


Properties of the hybrid of block-pulse functions and Lagrange polynomials based on the Legendre-Gauss-type points are investigated and utilized to dene the composite interpolation op- erator as an extension of the well-known Legendre interpolation op- erator. The uniqueness and interpolating properties are discussed and the corresponding dierentiation matrix is also introduced. The applicability and eectiveness of the method are illustrated by two numerical experiments.


This chapter presents some suggestions for further work: section 1 suggests an approach for testing the proposed application protocol reference architecture in practice; section 2 discusses the notion of application service engineering and presents some items for further work in this area; section 3 presents an alternative graphical notation which should be further investigated; section 4 indicates areas where the application protocol design methodology may be useful; section 5 mentions the need to investigate the combined use of object-oriented approaches and the application protocol design methods; section 6 presents possibilities for generalized constraint-oriented composition; and section 7 mentions the need for further work in the area of specification language support. The application protocol reference architecture proposed in Chapter 7 (Application Protocol Reference Architecture) should be tested by applying it to realistic examples. One way to do this is the following: • define the building blocks characterized in Chapter 7 with the design model presented in Chapter 6 (Design Model); possibly, characterize further useful building blocks and develop their definitions as well. The definitions should be at two abstraction levels, viz. at a service level and at a protocol level. The protocols (protocol sections) should be designed on basis of the required services (service sections). • take an existing Application Layer service standard and design the corresponding protocol using the application protocol reference architecture and the pre-defined building blocks. The design methods for protocol layer design and protocol section design should be used in this exercise. Figure 8.1 depicts this approach. The application protocol reference architecture comprises the characterization of building blocks.


Distributed model predictive control (DMPC) has been proven a successful method in regulating the operation of large-scale networks of constrained dynamical systems. This paper is concerned with cooperative DMPC in which the control actions of the systems are derived by the solution of a system-wide optimization problem. To exploit the merits of distributed computation algorithms, we investigate how to approximate this system-wide optimization problem by a number of loosely coupled subproblems. In this context, the main challenge is to design appropriate terminal cost-to-go functions and invariant sets that comply with the coupling pattern of the network. The goal of this paper is to present a unified framework for the synthesis of a terminal distributed controller, cost-to-go function and invariant set based on an existing optimal centralized terminal controller. We construct an objective function for the synthesis problem, which mathematically quantifies the closeness of the given centralized and distributed control systems. This objective function is formulated using the optimizer of a robust optimization problem. Conditions for global Lyapunov stability are imposed in the synthesis problem in a way that allows the terminal cost-to-go function and invariant set to admit the desired distributed structure. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on a benchmark spring-mass-damper problem.


Classical teaching for managing metastatic breast cancer is always palliation, to provide patients the best quality of life with minimum side-effects. Extensive surgery is no longer curative for this group of patients. However, uncontrolled chest wall disease sometimes causes severe and debilitating symptoms, including pain, ulceration, malodour and discharge. The psychological aspects of these symptoms are also considerable and keep reminding patients of the disease progression. We believe that palliative surgery can still be justified in a minority of patients who are fit for surgery and are not likely to die within a short period of time. Herein we report a case of metastatic breast cancer, which was successfully treated by wide local excision with wound coverage by laparoscopic omentoplasty.


In EAST long-pulsed discharge (hundreds of seconds), electric magnetic diagnosis (EMD) is very important, since EMD not only monitors tokamak security status but also provides accurate measurement accuracy for reconstruction of the plasma boundary. To avoid current measurement drift, a fiber optic current sensor, based on the Faraday effect, is developed and used for poloidal and plasma current feedback control for the first time, relative current measurement accuracy is within 0.5%. To ensure plasma boundary control accuracy, a detailed set of magnetic measurement calibration methods is developed before the plasma discharge. The maximum relative error is less than 1%, the corresponding control accuracy is within 1 cm. To minimize integrator drift error, a long-pulse integrator test is essential, the corresponding drift error needs to be subtracted in plasma control system. Besides, the saddle coil and Mirnov coil not only help to detect MHD issues, but are also utilized for plasma disruption prediction during the long-pulse discharge.


A reputation service is an essential part of a reputation system, which collects, distributes, and aggregates feedback about service providers' past behaviour. The feedback, as a score, is given interactively or by a user or is derived from a monitoring process automatically. The reputation service accommodates for each service provider an accumulated score as its reputation, which is produced by following a reputation algorithm. Once the reputation of an entity on Internet is built, it can then be used for the information security purposes, such as stopping the user with bad reputation having access to a resource of networks, or not allowing the service with bad reputation to access other trustworthy resources. This paper presents a reputation service, which is built as an independent web service and can be remotely invoked. It also addresses how the reputation of an entity can be used for access control purposes.


While over the past decade social network sites have enabled both learners and teachers to set up various forms of online collaborative learning environments, there is an ongoing discussion on how collaboration through these social media platforms can be situated with regard to the development of metacognitive awareness (Li, Pow & Cheung, 2015). This paper presents a study on the development of learners' metacognitive awareness of first-year English majors collaborating in a closed Facebook group. The theoretical framework for the development of metacognition, proposed by Gunawardena et al. (2009), was used to analyse the students' metacognitive strategies when working together online. The study shows that students utilise the social network site to complete given learning tasks, and extend their use of the forum by setting new learning goals and socialising with their peers. The students show that, through peer collaboration, they are able to evaluate and plan their learning process online.


Cloud computing can be defined as the use of new or existing computing hardware and virtualization technologies to form a shared infrastructure that enables web-based value added services. The three predominant service models are infrastructure, platform, and software-asa-service. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) can be defined as the use of servers, storage, and virtualization to enable utility like services for users. Security is a big concern within IaaS, especially considering that the rest of the cloud service models run on top of the infrastructure and related layers. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) providers offer access to APIs, programming languages and development middleware which allows subscribers to develop custom applications without installing or configuring the development environment. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) gives subscribed or pay-peruse users access to software or services which reside in the cloud and not on the user's device. Understanding the cloud service models is critical in determining if cloud services or hosting are an appropriate business solution, and if so, which model best balances the level of control required versus reduced hardware, configuration, and maintenance costs. Cloud computing offers many benefits to organizations; it has enabled collaboration amongst disparate communities and workgroups, and has overcome challenges that have plagued existing business solutions. However, the security, privacy, and integrity of the cloud are of prime importance and there are many challenges that exist. At the present time there seems to be a lot of momentum behind the adoption of cloud computing despite these. This may simply be a trend, an indication that society truly wants their data to be available whenever from anywhere, or a sign that few understand the associated risks.


FIELD: organic chemistry, chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: method is realized by catalytic conversion of synthesis-gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide to methanol, dimethyl ether and water. Product is subjected for cooling followed by separation for liquid and gaseous phases. Gaseous phase comprising carbon monoxide and residual amount of dimethyl ether is removed from process. Liquid phase comprising methanol, dimethyl ether and water is subjected for interaction with carbon monoxide to yield acetic acid and the latter is removed from process. Carbon monoxide is circulated to carbonylation stage additionally. EFFECT: improved economical indices of process. 5 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex


The protection and succession of intangible cultural heritage needs the participation of public libraries,and the function of libraries needs expansion and extension.Starting from the angle of intangible cultural heritage protection,this paper has discussed the social responsibility of public libraries in minority regions.


Magnetoelastic biosensors are an important type of resonant mode based mass-sensing device, for which mass sensitivity is a critical parameter to evaluate their performance. In this work, the effect of concentrated mass position on mass sensitivity () of a magnetoelastic sensor under different resonance modes was theoretically studied. The effect of magnitude of loading mass on mass sensitivity for the first resonance mode was also studied. The results indicated that mass sensitivity as the function of loading position for all resonance modes was consistent with the law of function . By comparing the mass sensitivity for the sensor attached with concentrated mass and uniform mass, it was found that mass sensitivity was linearly proportional to the sum of the squares of the displacement of each loading point. For the first resonance mode, when the loading position satisfied or , mass sensitivity decreased with loading mass increasing. The opposite trend was observed when or . When the concentrated mass was loaded at the nodal point (i.e., ), mass sensitivity was always zero no matter how the loading mass changed.


In an earlier paper it was noted that, whereas the cardiac ganglion cells contain true cholinesterase (AChE) only within their cytoplasm, both AChE and pseudocholinesterase (ChE) are present in the interstices between the cells (Navaratnam, 1965 a). It is not normally possible under the light microscope to determine whetLer the ChE surrounding the individual nerve cells is located within presynaptic terminals, in dendritic processes of the ganglion nerve cells or within satellite cells. Nevertheless, the presence of considerable amounts of ChE in addition to AChE within the cells of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (Shute & Lewis, 1963; Lewis & Shute, 1966) suggests that much of the ChE within the cardiac ganglia may be related to the terminations of the presynaptic neurones. This hypothesis can be tested by interrupting the preganglionic nerves, when it would be expected that the ChE content of the ganglia would become depleted; similar preganglionic denervation experiments by Sawyer & Hollinshead (1945), Snell (1958) and Koelle (1962) have served to establish that most of the AChE activity within the superior cervical ganglion in the cat is related to presynaptic terminals. Moreover, if nerve section results in characteristic changes in the cardiac ganglia, it should be possible to map the distribution of the individual preganglionic nerve trunks. A preliminary report of this investigation is available (Navaratnam, Lewis & Shute, 1964).


With the development of intra-product specialization,the dynamic transformation of static comparative advantage presents new characteristic,which affects the distribution of the gains of international trade through factor endowments and technological progress. Based on intra-product specialization theory,this paper constructs a model about the distribution of gains from trade. The model shows that,the Southern Nations tries to expand from low to high on the value chain,which threats the welfare of the Northern Nations. So trade conflicts appear. The model explanation of the Sino-U.S. trade friction has fully confirmed the scientific and the feasibility of the model.


Family businesses are the dominant form of business in the world and are considered to have unique characteristics from other forms of business, yet their business models receive limited examination in the literature. This qualitative exploratory research used in-depth interviews to identify what owners and managers of small family wine companies understand to be the characteristics of the business models of their businesses, or the ways in which the businesses created and captured value. This research found that the business model characteristics of small family wine business are centred on nonfinancial characteristics aligned with the concept of socioemotional wealth rather than the traditional financial characteristics associated with business models, that is, those aligned with material success, profitability and/or economic value. The findings of this qualitative research stress the importance of nonfinancial characteristics of family business models, and suggest that a failure to consider them along...


Evina Steinova's review of Maddalena Betti, The Making of Christian Moravia (858-882): Papal Power and Political Reality (Leiden: Brill, 2014): 266 pp. ISBN 978-90-0421-187-2.


Renal injury is a common side‐effect of the chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide. Current evidence suggests that the ifosfamide metabolite chloroacetaldehyde may be responsible for this nephrotoxicity. The present study examined the effect of increasing amounts of intrarenally infused chloroacetaldehyde on kidney function, glutathione content and malondialdehyde formation. The ability of the uroprotectant medication sodium 2‐mercaptoethanesulfonate (mesna) to prevent chloroacetaldehyde‐induced renal injury was also assessed. Intrarenal chloroacetaldehyde infusion caused dose‐dependent declines in glomerular filtration rate and p‐aminohippuric acid clearance and increases in urine flow rate, sodium, glucose and protein excretion. These abnormalities were associated with progressive kidney glutathione depletion and malondialdehyde accumulation. Mesna infusion did not affect renal function but did cause a significant fall in kidney glutathione content. Simultaneous administration of chloroacetaldehyde and mesna only partially corrected renal functional abnormalities and prevented malondialdehyde accumulation but not glutathione depletion. These results show that the ifosfamide metabolite chloroacetaldehyde causes kidney dysfunction, glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation in vivo. Mesna provides limited protection against chloroacetaldehyde nephrotoxicity, potentially explaining its inability to completely prevent ifosfamide‐related renal injury in clinical practice. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


implicated a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) as one of the likely neurotransmitters involved in the control of sexual responses, and this amine probably has an inhibitory role. Clomipramine and imipramine inhibit the re-uptake of 5HT, but also exhibit anti cholinergic and alpha adrenoceptor antagonist activity. Cyproheptadine is a 5HT receptor antag onist. In two of the three cases reported cypro heptadine reversed the inhibiting effect of the anti-depressant on orgasm. These observations suggest that anti-depressant-induced anorgasmia results from the effect of these drugs on 5HT activity. Sovner (1984) also reported a case of tricyclic anti-depressant-induced anorgasmia which was reversed by cyproheptadine. More recently, Decastro (1985) successfully reversed MAO!induced anorgasmia in a male with cyproheptadine. In Case 3 the patient was prevented from increas ing the dose of cyproheptadine by the occurrence of side-effects. Treatment with imipramine was changed to desipramine because Sovner (1983) reported the case of a woman who experienced anorgasmia with imipramine but not with desi pramine, but in our case this change of treatment was ineffective in restoring orgasmic attainment. At@NJ. RILEY ELIZABETH J RILEY Touchwood House, Wendens Ambo, Saffron Walden, Essex


This dissertation aims to address the research gap which was evident on the apparel industry. The authors identified that additional research is required on how corporate identity influences the de ...


C16H16O2, monoclinic, P\2\!n\ (No. 14), a = 12.0005(7) Â, b = 6.2388(9)k,c= 16.973(2)A,β = 110.609(6)°, V= 1189.5 Â, Ζ = 4, Rgx(F) = 0.047, R^F 1 ) = 0.108, Τ = 293 Κ. Source of material The title compound is a Diels-Alder adduct of a [4+2] cycloaddition of 1,3-cyclopentadiene with p-benzoquinone. Cyclopentadiene freshly distilled (40.32 g, 0.6 mol) in methanol (20 ml) was added to a solution of p-benzoquinone (32.43 g, 0.3 mol) in methanol (100 ml) at 203 K. The resultant colorless solid was recrystallized from ethanol. Discussion The p-benzoquinone (PBQ) molecule used to obtain the title compound was found to be planar at room temperature [1], then, at 113 K, the significant deviations from planarity were observed, and the PBQ molecule was in the chair conformation [2], In contrast to these results, it has been found that the 1,4-cyclohexadione, which is a chemically changed form of PBQ molecule, is not planar and has a boat conformation. The near zero torsion angles of this boat are -0.6(3)° and 0.7(3)°. The dihedral angles between 1,4-cyclohexadione ring and the planes formed by norbornenyl atoms of C2,C3,C7,C10 and C5,C6,C11,C14 are 70.68(9)° and 39.08(7)°, respectively. In the 1,4-cyclohexadione ring, the bond length of 0=C is 1.215(2) Â, the C-C distance in the range 1.499(3) Â 1.562(3) Â. 0=C-C, C(=0)-C-C and C-C(=0)-C angles in the range 120.0(2)° 120.9(2)°, 115.8(2)° -116.6(2)° and 119.1(2)°, respectively. For the norbornenyl atoms, the C-C and C=C distances in the range 1.501(3) Â 1.579(3) A and 1.317(3) Â 1.318(3) Â, respectively. The bond lengths and angles are comparable with corresponding values observed in related molecules [3, 4], The molecules are linked together by weak C-H0 hydrogen bonds. The bond lengths and angles are comparable with corresponding values observed in related molecules [3,4]. Table 1. Data collection and handling.


ABSTRACT The paper presents a model for a system exposed to a random environment characterized by the Poisson shock processes. A subset of the system components ℜM is required for a mission completion. Failures of some components of this subset terminate a mission, whereas failures of other components are not terminal and allow for a rescue operation that is activated immediately upon failure. This operation is performed by a subset ℜR of the system components and succeeds if all components from ℜR survive all shocks occurring until its completion. The subsets ℜM and ℜR overlap. The duration of the rescue operation depends on the time of its activation. The components that are engaged only in the rescue operation remain in the warm standby mode during the primary mission. An approach for obtaining the mission success and the system survival probabilities is developed and an algorithm for the corresponding numerical computation is presented. An example analyzing the tradeoff between these two probabilities and illustrating optimization of the system protection design is given.


Racism, this alleged survivor of the race idea, is a much newer concept and at the same time a far older phenomenon. Despite the etymological similarity between racism and race, the relations between these two concepts are neither evident nor necessarily of a cause and effect nature. A grey area seems to separate racism from ethnic prejudice. While both deal with categorical generalizations based on subjective and usually inadequate data, what appears to set them apart is intent and negative moral judgment. Europeans considered East Asians to be their equals in many respects throughout the early modern period and during much of the eighteenth century when the modern idea of race emerged. A distinctive and initially even unique feature of East Asia was its willing and rapid adoption of the racial idea, or at least certain tenets of it, and its subsequent emulation of common Western racial policies. Keywords:East Asia; East Asians; European; racism; Western racial policies


The 3 main characters in any ART are the uterus, the endometrium, and the embryo. With the rutinary use of 2D US and especially 3D US in infertile patients we are able to assess most of the uterine anomalies and intrauterine pathologies.
 Until recently, the assessment of the endometrial cavity with hysteroscopy was reserved only for cases of IVF failure, as a complementary evaluation to ensure that nothing was missed during the ultrasound scan.
 We also need to remember how hysteroscopy was performed in the past and, unfortunately, in some cases even today. In the old days, to assess the endometrial cavity, it was required to take the patient to the operating room and under general anesthesia, dilate the cervix to then introduce a large diameter hysteroscope only for diagnostic purposes.
 The prevalent working model in ART today is in close collaboration between Fertility specialists, Ultrasound and Hysteroscopy units in order to improve patient's outcome.
 In our center, a diagnostic hysteroscopy is performed as part of the diagnostic workup of the infertility patient. It is performed in office setting and without anesthesia, by the staff of the reproduction and infertility unit.
 When we look at hysteroscopy as an in-office procedure and no longer as a procedure performed in operating room, we appreciate that it is something that all infertility patients can benefit from.
 The right question to ask now would be "Is there a benefit in performing a hysteroscopy to all our patients?".
 Ultrasound is not perfect, especially when evaluating the endometrium. The gold standard and the only modality that we have to assess the endometrium with direct visualization is hysteroscopy. Chronic endometritis, adhesions and adenomyosis are only a few examples of what can be assessed by direct vision of the endometrial cavity.
 The advantages of a simple, inexpensive, office procedure such as hysteroscopy outweigh any other consideration against it.
 During my talk all these points will be presented helping to understand why hysteroscopy is becoming an indispensable tool in every assisted fertility unit.


Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with cardiovascular risk. We examined the prevalence of MetS in well -defined groups with manifested cardiovascular disease (CVD) or at high CVD risk, and in a low -risk population. We also analysed the CVD burden of th e MetS in these populations. Methods: A total of 2123 subjects were examined: 1.with history of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n=372); 2.with hypertension (n=620); 3.with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=556) and 4.healthy controls (n=575). All participants underwent standardised examination of cardiovascular risk. Results: The prevalence of the MetS was: 80% in men and 89% in women according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) definition, 85% in men and 93% in women according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition in the AMI group; 43% in men and 53% in women (ATPIII criteria), 47% in men and 61% in women (IDF criteria) in the hypertensive group; 70% in men and 79% in women (ATPIII), 77% in men and 86% in women (IDF) in the diabetic patients; and 23% in men and women (ATPIII), 30% in men and 36% in women (IDF criteria) in the controls. In logistic regression analysis the presence of MetS was found an independent determinant of previous AMI in the examined population. Conclusion: Excessively high prevalence of MetS was found in populations with or at high CVD risk, and a high prevalence even in a low -risk group in Bulgaria. The presence of MetS increased CVD risk.


O n May 4, 1972, the body of J. Edgar Hoover lay in state in the Rotunda of the Capitol on the catafalque originally built to hold Lincoln's casket. Only 22 Americans before him had been so honored, and Hoover was the first civil servant to lie in a spot normally reserved for presidents and generals. Representative Don Clauson of California eulogized the man who had headed the Federal Bureau of Investigation for nearly half a century in reverential terms. "As a boy he as my hero and as a man he remained my hero," Clauson said. "His name will linger forever in the hearts and minds of all Americans privileged to live in his time and under his protective shield of service" (quoted in Powers at 481). To Clauson, as to much of Middle America, J. Edgar Hoover was a demigod. Humorist Art Buchwald captured both the source and content of the public's feelings about him when he satirically suggested that Hoover was really "a mythical person first thought up by Readers Digest."' Others viewed the man known to most Americans as "the Director," and to those who worked for him at the Bureau simply as "the BOSS," far more negatively. The month before Hoover died, Clauson's colleague,


The study of the attention processes associated with discrimination learning calls for precise control of stimulus and temporal parameters. The present apparatus controls numerous individual circuits that may be selected in discrete steps while exact phase is preserved. At present it is used to control digital display projectors in a two-choice operant situation with retarded children as subjects (Ss). Figure 1 is a photograph of the present apparatus mounted on a stand. Figure 2 shows a sketch of one section. A number of backing plates (1) carry a film guide (2) grooved to take 35mm film and drilled with two holes (3) into which the microswitch (4, type BZ-2RW80-A2) actuators fall when holes in the film strips are reached. The film is kept in engagement with a sprocket (5, Simplex, 35mm thin tooth) by a roller (6) pivoted on an arm. The 6 rpm motor (7, Hurst PC-DA-6, Cost $13.20) has an internal clutch-brake mechanism. It is specified as providing 120


Generating realistic network traffic that reflects different network conditions and topologies is crucial for performing valid experiments in network testbeds. Towards this goal, this paper presents Precise Traffic Generator (PTG), a new tool for highly accurate packet injections using NetFPGA. PTG is implemented using the NetThreads platform, an environment familiar to a software developer where multithreaded C programs can be compiled and run on the NetFPGA. We have built the PTG to take packets generated on the host computer and transmit them onto a gigabit Ethernet network with very precise inter-transmission times. Our evaluations show that PTG is able to exactly reproduce packet inter-arrival times from a given, arbitrary distribution. We demonstrate that this ability addresses a real problem in existing software network emulators — which rely on generic Network Interface Cards for packet injections — and predict that the integration of PTG with these emulators would allow valid and convincing experiments which were previously difficult or impossible to perform in the context of network testbeds.


Surface effects on pool boiling heat transfer and the critical heat flux are well documented but poorly understood. This study investigates the pool boiling characteristics of various fluids, and demonstrates that surface effects can drastically alter the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient as well as the critical heat flux. Changes in surface morphology and surface chemistry are suspected to be the primary factors influencing pool boiling heat transfer. The relative impact of surface properties is shown to depend strongly upon the working fluid. To evaluate the effects of chemical constituency and surface texture on the pool boiling of water, nanoparticle thin-film coatings are applied to nickel and stainless steel substrates using the layerby-layer assembly method. This study shows that such coatings, with thicknesses on the order of one micron or less, are capable of enhancing the critical heat flux of water up to 100%, and enhancing the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient over 100%. Through the use of thin-film coatings, the importance of nanoscale surface texture, porosity, and chemical constituency on boiling mechanisms is revealed. Low surface tension dielectric fluids, including a recently developed fluorinated ketone with a low global warming potential, are tested to determine their pool boiling heat transfer capabilities. The potential for nanoparticle-based pool boiling enhancement in well-wetting dielectric fluids is investigated. The role of surface wettability and adhesion tension on the incipience of boiling, nucleate boiling, and critical heat flux are considered. Results indicate that the low global warming potential fluorinated ketone may be a viable alternative in the cooling of electronic devices. Additionally, results demonstrate that enhancement of boiling heat transfer is possible for well-wetting dielectric fluids, with 40% enhancement in the critical heat flux using dilute suspensions of aluminum or silica nanoparticles in the fluorinated ketone. THESIS SUPERVISOR: Lin-Wen Hu, Ph.D., PE TITLE: Associate Director and Principal Research Scientist, MIT Nuclear Reactor Laboratory THESIS SUPERVISOR: Jacopo Buongiorno, Ph.D. TITLE: Associate Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering


The high-quality BaTiO3 and Zn-doped BaTiO3 thin films were prepared on Si substrates by choosing the suitable raw materials and optimizing the preparation of thin films and the post process of annealing. Through the characterization technique of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM), the influences of the different doping levels was discussed on the sizes, shapes and uniformities of BaTiO3 and Zn-doped BaTiO3 thin films respectively. Raman spectra measurements were carried out to study the lattice vibration modes of thin films. Meanwhile, the type of dopant and the occupied site in the BaTiO3 lattice were also discussed in detail. For investigating of the mechanism of the doping effects, the optical properties of thin films were studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry furthermore. And the optical constant refractive index and extinction coefficient have been obtained in the wavelength from 400nm to 700nm.


The utility model discloses a bridge safety monitoring and warning system. A bridge is connected with a laser emitter, the bottom of the middle of the bridge is connected with a laser sensor, the laser signal emitted by the laser emitter is received by the laser sensor, the optical signal received by the laser sensor is converted into an electric signal by a signal controller in a main controller, the signal controller inputs the electric signal into a controller, the controller divides the electric signal into three routes which are respectively inputted into a display panel, a liquid crystal touch screen and a USB flash disk, the luminous energy absorbed by a solar panel is converted into electric energy which is supplied to a solar module, and the solar module supplies electricity to the laser emitter, the main controller and the display panel. When the signal value exceeds a set value, the controller switches on the display screen to warn passing vehicles and road maintainers. The structure is simple, the system is convenient to use, can monitor and warn about the operation of the bridge in all weathers and judge the level of the 'health' state of the bridge, and does not need to attended by specially-assigned people, and the utility model is widely applicable to monitoring and warning on the safety of various bridges.


The scale of livestock ownership is important because it is related to the village-based (traditional) breeding model or pattern of breeding during good maintenance. The study was conducted in Angkola Timur District in May-July 2019. This type of research is quantitative by testing hypotheses (explanatory). This research method uses a survey conducted by purposive sampling, which is based on the criteria of farmers who have 4-5 cattle as a main or side business. The sample villages (locations) used as research sites are Pargarutan Dolok, Pargarutan Julu, Pargarutan Jae, and Panompuan Jae. Analysis of descriptive statistical data by grouping, and presentation of frequency distribution table data and Likert scale. Statistical analysis using linear regression. The results showed that there was no influence of the scale of ownership of the Village Breeding Center (VBC) on the people's goat farms in East Angkola District. The magnitude of the effect of the ownership scale variable (X) on the Village Breeding Center (VBC) (Y), seen in the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.029 or 2.9%, in other words that there are other variables that affect outside the model by 7,1%. It is recommended that limitations be reached by contributing to supporting the welfare of goat farmers supported by the Local Regional Government Program or the Government


This paper dealt with the penal system and punishment in Quran in an attempt to understand its main characteristics and underlying principles. The...


The author offers an analysis of the central concerns of the political economy of communications, identifying three broad policy areas: production policy, allocation policy and policy on capital, organization and control. For the final area, a summary historical analysis is presented.


[1] During intervals of southward IMF, magnetic reconnection can result in the formation of flux transfer events (FTEs) on the dayside magnetopause which travel along the magnetopause in the anti-sunward direction. Of particular interest is their fate and the role they play transporting solar wind plasma into the magnetosphere. We present the discovery of FTEs far along the distant tail magnetopause (x = −67 Earth radii) using data from ARTEMIS on the dusk flank magnetopause under southward/duskward IMF conditions. The identification of several events is further supported by excellent fits to a force-free flux rope model. The axis of each structure is principally north-south, i.e., perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line. Simultaneous observations by THEMIS on the dayside magnetopause indicate that FTEs are being produced there, although perhaps 2–4 times smaller in size. The convection time from the dayside magnetopause to ARTEMIS is 30 min, and the FTEs have a flux content comparable to those typically observed on the dayside magnetopause, indicating that these features are in quasi-equilibrium as they are convected downtail. By considering the relative orientations of the FTEs observed by THEMIS and ARTEMIS, the magnetic field geometry is consistent with the FTEs being produced on the dayside magnetopause along an extended X-line in the presence of IMF By and bending as they are convected to the flanks.


Self-regulated learning is very important in efforts to improve mathematics learning outcomes. For that, the factors that influence it needs to get attention in learning mathematics. these factors include intelligence and mathematical disposition. The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct effect of intelligence quotient and mathematical disposition towards self-regulated learning in state junior high school students in Bandar Lampung City. The research uses survey methods with path analysis techniques. Intelligence quotient (X1) and mathematical disposition (X2) as exogenous variables, self-regulated learning (X3) as an endogenous variable. The results show 1) there is a positive direct effect of intelligence quotient towards self-regulated learning; 2) there is a positive direct effect of mathematical disposition towards self-regulated learning.


Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare blood gas analysis results obtained with injection syringes washed with liquid sodium heparin and syringes containing dry lithium heparin. Additionally, it was also aimed to investigate the compliance of blood gas parameters with laboratory results. Method: This prospective study was performed of patients who underwent complete blood count and glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolyte levels along with venous blood gas analysis due to any cause in emergency department admission. Blood samples were transferred to blood gas syringe containing dry lithium heparin and plastic syringe washed with liquid sodium heparin. Blood gas analyses were performed within five minutes after venous blood gas samples were taken. The demographic data of the patients, blood gas analysis results obtained with injection syringes washed with liquid sodium heparin and syringes containing dry lithium heparin and serum hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, calcium and glucose levels were evaluated. Results: A hundred patients were included in the study. 52 patients were male (52%) and the mean age was 60.3±17.1 years. The blood gas analysis results obtained by liquid and dry-heparin syringes were found to be correlated with each other except calcium values. Intraclass correlation coefficient of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and partial pressure of oxygen parameters from blood gas analysis results obtained with liquid and dry heparin syringes were found to be high (0.989, 0.933, 0.948; respectively). Conclusion: There is no significant advantage of dry lithium heparin blood gas syringes over liquid sodium heparin washed syringes.


The reasons leading to light pollution and its harm are analyzed,and instructive countermeasures to con- trol light pollution are discussed.


This work concerns a satellite thermal monitoring of storm flood spreading around the Kuroshio flow. Some specific variations of the thermal pattern off the Shirahama Oceanographic Observatory are introduced in order to demonstrate what pattern can be taken as an effect of the storm floods to the thermal patterns between the coast and the Kuroshio flow. Referring to the observed data obtained at the offshore tower station, the satellite thermal pattern can locally be well adjusted. For the author's convenience, the APT picture (automatic picture transform) is utilized in this work.


A system is detailed here for using imitation learning to teach a robot to grasp objects using both hand and whole-body grasps, which use the arms and torso as well as hands. Demonstration grasp trajectories are created by teleoperating a simulated robot to pick up simulated objects, modeled as combinations of up to three aligned primitives - boxes, cylinders, and spheres. When presented with a target object, the system compares it against the objects in a stored database to pick a demonstrated grasp used on a similar object. By considering the target object to be a transformed version of the demonstration object, contact points are mapped from one object to the other. The most promising grasp candidate is chosen with the aid of a grasp quality metric. To test the success of the chosen grasp, a collision-free grasp trajectory is found and an attempt is made to execute it in simulation. The implemented system successfully picks up 92 out of 100 randomly generated test objects in simulation


Large-scale dynamo action is well understood when the magnetic Reynolds number (Rm) is small, but becomes problematic in the astrophysically relevant large Rm limit since the fluctuations may control the operation of the dynamo, obscuring the large-scale behavior. Recent works by Tobias & Cattaneo demonstrated numerically the existence of large-scale dynamo action in the form of dynamo waves driven by strongly helical turbulence and shear. Their calculations were carried out in the kinematic regime in which the back-reaction of the Lorentz force on the flow is neglected. Here, we have undertaken a systematic extension of their work to the fully nonlinear regime. Helical turbulence and large-scale shear are produced self-consistently by prescribing body forces that, in the kinematic regime, drive flows that resemble the original velocity used by Tobias & Cattaneo. We have found four different solution types in the nonlinear regime for various ratios of the fluctuating velocity to the shear and Reynolds numbers. Some of the solutions are in the form of propagating waves. Some solutions show large-scale helical magnetic structure. Both waves and structures are permanent only when the kinetic helicity is non-zero on average.


The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of hormones of the pituitary-gonadal-thyroid axis in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis under the influence of peloid therapy and to establish the corresponding morphological changes in the pituitary gland, gonads and the thyroid gland of white Wistar rats with induced adjuvant arthritis during peloid therapy.


Monte Carlo statistical mechanics simulations have been carried out for dilute solutions of Na+ in water and tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25 °C and 1 atm. The intermolecular interactions were described by Lennard‐Jones and Coulomb terms in the TIPS format including the TIPS2 parameters for water–water interactions. In conjunction with previous simulation results for Na+ in methanol, the present study provides detailed insights into the nature of ionic solvation by dipolar protic and aprotic solvents. In agreement with x‐ray data, the coordination number of Na+ in water is six, identical to the value obtained for Na+ in methanol. However, the coordination number of Na+ in THF fluctuates between five and six. Consistently, the ion–solvent interaction is less exothermic in THF compared to the other two solvents. However, the heat of solution which is the sum of two large opposing contributions, viz., the ion–solvent energy and the solvent reorganization energy, does not differ much for the three solvents. In all...


Fish jelly products were prepared from whole lizard fish and leached meat stored in ice, and leached meat and surimi stored at -20°C. K value, pH, trimethylamine oxide-nitrogen (TMAON), dimethylamine-nitrogen (DMA-N), formaldehyde (FA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and viscosity of the meat were determined during storage. Gel-strength, folding test and organoleptic elasticity of jelly products prepared from the meat were measured. From these results, the available terms of ice stored whole fish, ice stored leached meat, -20°C stored leached meat and -20°C stored surimi for fish jelly products were estimated to be about 2-3 days, about 1 week, less than 1 week and more than 1 month, respectively. Frozen surimi containing 3% sucrose and 0.2% polyphosphate can be available for relatively long period as materials for jelly products.


Our computing environment consists of hundreds of UNIX and NT-based computers. We have a coherent UNIX software installation model that scales comfortably to hundreds of machines. We have spent a great deal of time in the last year learning to understand the software installation and support mechanisms for a similarly large NT infrastructure. In this paper, we examine the underlying requirements for large-scale software installation support, and compare and contrast the NT and UNIX environments, identifying strong points, weak points, and issues.


In this paper, the clay was intercalated with polyacrylic acid, and then studied the influences of intercalation on rheological property of ceramic billet. The study indicated that the intercalation changed the properties of clay interlayer domains, such as the interlayer bonding water, the content of free water and the bonding force between the layers, etc. The plasticity index of ceramic billet increased significantly when the amount of intercalation is more than 3.0 wt. The plasticity index increased from 1.09m·N to 4.19m·N when the additive is 5.0wt, increased by 383%. And also its yield strength has improved significantly, the fracture pressure increased from 100N to 600N. These phenomena indicate that the machinability of billet improved significantly.


In recent years,Chinese banks have significantly accelerated the pace of internationalization,not only introducing foreign strategic investors by the way of attracting foreign investment,but also forcefully advancing the strategic layout of the "going-out" internationalization.More and more overseas acquisitions are made in foreign markets.This paper carried out an analysis of the acquisition motivation of intangible resources in terms of the value creation and competitiveness promotion of intangible resources in the course of Chinese banks' international operation,and gave some advice on Chinese banks' internationalization practice.


Introduction: Emicizumab is a subcutaneously administered, bispecific, humanized monoclonal antibody that bridges factor (F)IXa and FX to restore the function of missing activated FVIII in persons with hemophilia A (PwHA). This study (NCT03361137) was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of emicizumab prophylaxis in PwHA with or without FVIII inhibitors undergoing minor surgical procedures without additional prophylaxis with bypassing agents (BPAs; for patients with FVIII inhibitors) or FVIII (for patients without FVIII inhibitors).
 Methods: This Phase IV, multicenter, single-arm, open-label study enrolled PwHA of any age, with or without FVIII inhibitors, who were scheduled to undergo minor surgical procedures. Patients were required to have received a minimum of four loading doses of emicizumab (3mg/kg once weekly for 4 weeks) prior to surgical procedure; subsequent maintenance doses of emicizumab were 1.5mg/kg once weekly, 3mg/kg every 2 weeks, or 6mg/kg every 4 weeks. Patients were required to be adherent to emicizumab prophylaxis. Treatment with emicizumab was scheduled to continue for at least 1 month after surgery. No other prophylactic treatment with coagulation factor was permitted. Outcome measures included incidence of excessive bleeding intra-operatively and until discharge from surgery, use of BPAs or FVIII to control bleeding (intra- and post-operatively), incidence of adverse events (AEs), and the percentage of patients with complications requiring hospitalization or return to surgery. Excessive bleeding was defined as a rating of fair to poor on the hemostatic rating scale and translates to an intra- and/or post-operative blood loss of ≥25% over expectation for a patient without hemophilia prior to discharge from surgery. Patients were followed for 28 days following discharge from surgery.
 Results: Between June 28, 2018 and March 13, 2020, 14 PwHA undergoing minor surgeries were enrolled (with FVIII inhibitors n=11; without FVIII inhibitors n=3); one PwHA with FVIII inhibitors enrolled but did not have surgery and discontinued prematurely, therefore the surgery analysis population comprised 13 patients (with FVIII inhibitors n=10; without FVIII inhibitors n=3). The majority (78.6%) of those enrolled were <18 years of age and all surgeries were either central venous access device (CVAD) removal (n=11) or dental procedures (n=2; Table 1). Of the 10 patients with FVIII inhibitors, one CVAD removal led to excessive bleeding during surgery with a need for BPA therapy, two patients undergoing CVAD removal received BPA therapy during surgery but had no reported excessive bleeding, three (two CVAD removals, one dental extraction) had post-operative bleeding that required use of a BPA (Table 2). Seven patients with FVIII inhibitors had zero bleeds after discharge from surgery. None of the three PwHA without FVIII inhibitors had excessive bleeding necessitating FVIII treatment during surgery or until discharge; two CVAD removals resulted in zero bleeds post-operatively and one dental extraction led to a post-operative bleed that did not require treatment. No serious AEs, thromboembolic events (TEs), thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) or deaths were reported during the study. Overall, 10 AEs occurred in five patients with FVIII inhibitors (headache n=3, limb injury, procedural pain, pyrexia, constipation, device occlusion, adhesiolysis, and hematoma, all n=1); no AEs were reported in patients without FVIII inhibitors. There were no AEs leading to dose modification, interruption or withdrawal of treatment, and no patient in either group had surgical complications requiring hospitalization or a return to surgery. The study was terminated early due to low enrollment and the limited variety of surgery types.
 Conclusions: In this study of mostly pediatric PwHA with and without FVIII inhibitors receiving emicizumab prophylaxis, minor surgeries were safely performed. The majority of surgeries were performed without additional prophylactic coagulation factor, however the small sample size should be considered here. There were no serious AEs, TEs, TMAs, or deaths. These findings are consistent with results from previous studies of patients undergoing minor surgery while receiving emicizumab prophylaxis.

 Escobar: National Hemophilia Foundation: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Dunn:Genentech, Inc.: Consultancy; Nationwide Children's Hospital: Current Employment; World Federation of Hemophilia USA: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Medscape: Honoraria; Spire: Honoraria; ATHN: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; BioMarin: Research Funding; uniQure: Consultancy. Quon:Octapharma: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria; Biomarin: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Bioverativ/Sanofi: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Genentech, Inc./F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novo Nordisk: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Shire/Takeda: Speakers Bureau; Orthopaedic Institute for Children: Current Employment. Trzaskoma:Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months. Lee:Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Ko:Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Carpenter:Novo Nordisk: Honoraria; Genentech, Inc.: Honoraria; American Thrombosis and Hemostasis Network: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CSL Behring: Research Funding; Shire: Research Funding; Hemostasis & Thrombosis Research Society: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; American Academy of Pediatrics: Other: PREP Heme/Onc editorial board; Kedrion: Honoraria.


This study investigates the impact of fraud hexagons on financial statement fraud in property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange before and after the covid-19 outbreak. The study's sample size was 168 data points. To evaluate the hypothesis, the data analysis approach employs logistic regression, as well as sample paired t-tests and the McNemar test. The findings revealed that financial statement fraud was influenced by pressure, rationalization, and capability. Meanwhile, chance, arrogance, and collaboration have little effect on financial statement fraud. The disparity in values between before and during the covid-19 epidemic had a substantial impact on financial stability. Other factors, on the other hand, indicate no significant differences in value when comparing before and after the Covid-19 epidemic. This study has consequences for stakeholders, the government, and the general public in terms of being aware of the likelihood of fraud when a phenomenon such as the covid-19 epidemic occurs.


Disputes in the World Trade Organization (WTO) involving the challenge of unwritten measures have increased in recent years. This trend may have been encouraged by the successful challenge of Argentina's 'managed trade policy' as an 'overarching unwritten measure' in Argentina—Import Measures. Advancing a claim against an unwritten measure, however, is not an easy undertaking. These measures are not embodied in any law, administrative regulation or judicial decision. Their very existence and precise contours are, therefore, uncertain and must be proven with evidence, which may not necessarily be readily available. The uncertain nature of unwritten measures makes the dispute settlement process significantly more complicated for the complainant, the respondent and the WTO adjudicators. Despite the difficulties in challenging, defending and adjudicating unwritten measures, relatively little has been written on this subject. This article discusses the types of trade concerns that could be challenged as 'unwritten measures', and the different legal characterizations (analytical tools) that have been used to challenge these trade concerns in the WTO. The article further explores the practical difficulties that have been encountered in challenges against unwritten measures and how these difficulties have sometimes, but not always, been overcome. The article concludes that there is a lack of clarity as to the correct legal standard that must be applied in the challenge of different types of unwritten measures. There is more work to be done to clarify the applicable legal standards and the types of evidence required to substantiate the existence of unwritten measures.


John Pisciotta and the crew at Pro-Life Waco are busy pro-life warriors! On the first Sunday of each month, for one hour in the afternoon, the group sponsors a monthly Life Chain at the intersection of Valley Mills and Waco Drives. Members gather in a parking lot, distribute signs and, with the help of "Carolyn" the pro-life truck, make a strong statement that abortion and the promotion of promiscuity are not accepted in their community.


According to Hursthouse,in moral dilemmas,the right action in terms of action guidance,is not in consistent with the right action in terms of action assessment. Hursthouse quitly reasonably elaborated its difference by analyzing the action guidance and action assessment in resolvable moral dilemmas,irresolvable moral dilemmas and tragic moral dilemmas. However,norm- oriented ethics does not exhibit this inconsistency,therefore,its weak points are obviously compared with virtue ethics.


Most areas around the world lack fine rainfall records which are needed to derive Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, and those that are available are in the form of daily data. Thus, the disaggregation of rainfall data from coarse to fine temporal resolution may offer a solution to that problem. Most of the previous studies have adopted only historical rainfall data as the predictor to disaggregate daily rainfall data to hourly resolution, while only a few studies have adopted other historical climate variables besides rainfall for such a purpose. Therefore, this study adopts and assesses the performance of two methods of rainfall disaggregation one uses for historical temperature and rainfall variables while the other uses only historical rainfall data for disaggregation. The two methods are applied to disaggregate the current observed and projected modeled daily rainfall data to an hourly scale for a small urban area in the United Kingdom. Then, the IDF curves for the current and future climates are derived for each case of disaggregation and compared. After which, the uncertainties associated with the difference between the two cases are assessed. The constructed IDF curves (for the two cases of disaggregation) agree in the sense that they both show that there is a big difference between the current and future climates for all durations and frequencies. However, the uncertainty related to the difference between the results of the constructed IDF curves (for the two cases of disaggregation) for each climate is considerable, especially for short durations and long return periods. In addition, the projected and current rainfall values based on disaggregation case which adopts historical temperature and rainfall variables were higher than the corresponding projections and current values based on only rainfall data for the disaggregation.


This work shows how the gender structure of Indian society shaped the experience of love in the 19th and 20th centuries. The unique quality of this experience derived from the persistence of caste despite the rise of a new romantic mentality. It is demonstrated that an unsuspected sexual formation of society determined emotional history. The book should be suitable for scholars and students of modern Indian history, sociology, gender studies and literature.


Based on customer value theory and customer satisfaction,this paper reveals customer perceived dimensions on"explicit and implicit"service failure from the customer's perspective.According to"means-ends"theory,and under the principle of"reciprocity transactions",customer perceived service compensation expectation model is constructed.Taking catering service as the background,the paper analyzes the dimensions on service failure and three models on service compensation expectation.Empirical findings provides service recovery improvement for service providers to retain customer satisfaction and trust by reducing service failure and compensation cognitive biases between customer and companies.


Abstract : The report presents the results of an investigation into the acceleration mechanisms of the magnetoplasmadynamic thrustor. The thrust and voltage were obtained for various anode locations and geometries. The voltage was found to be insensitive to anode location, but the thrust was strongly influenced. An external magnetic field was used and was found to be essential for thrust to exist. Above 800 gauss, however, the engine was no longer influenced by increasing the field strength. (Author)


Abstract This study examines the linkages between foreign investment and the total factor productivity of local enterprises within manufacturing industry in Vietnam. The Wooldridge GMM estimation approach is applied to panel data to estimate production function, which allows us to obtain total factor productivity of local firms. We then investigate how foreign investment influences local enterprise productivity through different spillover channels using two-step system GMM, FE and RE estimations. Our consistent findings show that foreign investment has a negative impact on the total factor productivity of domestic enterprises through the competition channel within an industry. There are strong positive spillovers associated with backward rather than forward linkages. Further insights relate to firm ownership, location, and the state of technology in which the different spillovers occur.


World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC) is organized to discuss the state-of-the-art as well as to address various issues with respect to Nurturing Intelligent Computing Towards Advancement of Machine Intelligence. This Volume contains the papers presented in the Seventh World Congress (NaBIC15) held in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa during December 01-03, 2015. The 39 papers presented in this Volume were carefully reviewed and selected. The Volume would be a valuable reference to researchers, students and practitioners in the computational intelligence field.


A series of foundation treatment tests are done,the characteristics of red clay foundation and high embankment are considered that red clay foundation treated with dynamic consolidation method by means of tests and analysis is met the airport design requirement.It is supplied scientific foundation for red clay treatment.


Bronchial asthma(asthma)is a chronic airway inflammatory disease.During the initiation and development of asthma,the extracellular signaling molecule,signal transduction,signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT)regulate the differentiation of the Th cell.But the imbalance of Th1/Th2,cytokine secretion abnormality result in the persistence of airway inflammation.Among them,STAT4 and STAT6 play a key role.The article reviews the mechanism and research advances about the regulation of STAT4,STAT6 on the differentiation of Th cells.

Key words:
Signal transducers and activators of transcription; Balance of Th1/Th2; Cytokine; Bronchial asthma


For the teaching of English majors in China's colleges and universities, the academic circles almost stick to the curriculum setting, teaching requirements, teaching principles, teaching methods as well as teaching testing and evaluation, which are involved in the National English Teaching Syllabus for English Majors in Colleges and Universities. However, there are few discussions about the confusion caused by the one-sidedness and loopholes of the syllabus. These problems are mainly manifested in five aspects: 1. Teaching management is not professional and department leaders have no backgrounds majoring in foreign languages. 2. The allocation of teachers is unreasonable and one-sided emphasis is placed on the structure of academic qualifications. 3. There is no bottom line for students' access and lack of awareness of selecting talents according to different majors. 4. The curriculum is not systematic, and it is very common to set a certain course because of somebody. 5. All-in-one evaluation in schools is not conducive to the promotion of teachers' professional titles. For the above problems, we should start with the professional teaching syllabus issued by the Ministry of Education, and embody its solution or prevention in the revision and reconstruction of the syllabus. As for how to revise and revise the syllabus, our proposition has three points: firstly, make a thorough investigation and find out the current situation of English teaching; secondly, compile the English teaching syllabuses in different classifications to make the syllabuses of various colleges and universities have similarities and differences; lastly, integrate the internal and external requirements of English major and make the English teaching syllabus into a system engineering. Only in this way can English majors in China's colleges and universities get out of the predicament and usher in the spring of reform and development.


A new recognition technique using neural network coupled with Genetic Algorithms (GAs) was proposed. This technique concentrate on efficient Electromyography signal recognition through put improving neural network's several demerits. GAs play a role of selecting Multilayer PerceptrorTs optimized initial connection weights by its typical global search. Electro Myography signal was pre-processed with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) in order to reflect its time-varying property into input pattern except other features such as Zero Crossing Number (ZCN) and Integral Absolute Value (IAV). Results for 6 primitive motions show that the surges ted technique has better performance in learning time and recognition rates than already established ordinary methods. Moreover, it performed stable recognition without convergence into a local minimum.


According to Emsweller et al., (1937), the original plant had single flowers with two or four rows of blue, violet or white ray florets. The stature was medium tall and height of the plant ranged from 18 to 24 inches. The first change in the flower type had been the prolongation or development of central florets and the production of quilled flowers. Germans developed double forms in aster during 18 th century. Hence, asters are also called as German asters. Advancement of the aster evolution and large scale seed production by Germans led to the introduction of branching types, tall types, medium tall and dwarf types and this contributed for great evolutionary improvement in China aster. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 02 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


This article describes the architectural monuments of the Aral Sea region and the Ustyurt Plateau in Uzbekistan - the hunting arrow-shaped constructions «Arana». The remains of these hunting structures are on the verge of extinction. One of our scientific tasks is to graphically reconstruct below mentioned groups of hunting structures. Arrow-like layouts of the Ustyurt Plateau are compared with others hunting structures and the ones located in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East their unique forms


This article carves out China's maritime state-of-play with regards to greenhouse gas (ghg) mitigating measures with a special focus on carbon dioxide (co2) emission. The article commences with an overview of International Maritime Organization (imo) ghg strategy taking into account the critical targets, proposed plans, schemes and measures aimed at the shipping sector. Discussions then segue into a twofold discussion pertaining to China's current policy and port governance actions highlighting some of the existing gaps and challenges. Reference is made to remarkable developments from countries considering three vital key elements for an effective green port policy framework before drawing concluding remarks.