Driving accidents due to hypovigilance are common but the role of hypnotics is unclear in patients suffering from sleep disorders. Our study examined factors influencing accidents and near miss accidents attributed to sleepiness at the wheel (ANMAS). Using data from an online questionnaire aimed at patients with sleep disorders, we analysed the associations between ANMAS, sociodemographic data, symptoms of sleep disorders, severity of insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)) symptoms of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale with depression (HADD) and anxiety (HADA) subscales), chronic sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale ESS), hypnotic use and information about sleep habits. Hypnotics were hierarchically grouped into Z-drugs, sedative medication, melatonin and over the counter (OTC) alternative treatments. Of 10802 participants; 9.1% reported ANMAS (Men 11.1% women 8.3%) and 24.4% took hypnotics (Z-drugs 8.5%, sedative medication 8%, melatonin 5.6% and alternative treatments 2.5%). Logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors for ANMAS: moderate (OR 2.4; CI: 2.10–2.79) and severe sleepiness (ESS OR 5.66; CI: 4.74–6.77), depression (HADD OR 1.2; CI: 1.03–1.47), anxiety (HADA OR 1.2;CI: 1.01–1.47), and insufficient sleep (OR1.4; CI: 1.2–1.7). Hypnotics were not associated with an increased risk of ANMAS in patients suffering from insomnia. Risk factors varied according to sex: in females, sex (OR 0.; CI: 0.55–0.74), mild insomnia (OR 0.5; CI: 0.3–0.8) and use of alternative treatments (OR 0.455, CI:0.23–0.89) were protective factors and risk was increased by sleepiness, sleep debt, social jetlag, caffeine use, anxiety and depression. In men no protective factors were identified: sleepiness, sleep debt, and severe insomnia were associated with an increased risk of ANMAS. In clinical practice, all patients with daytime sleepiness and men with severe insomnia should be counselled concerning driving risk and encouraged to avoid sleep debt.


Freight transportation is becoming an increasingly critical activity for enterprises in a global world. Moreover, the distribution activities have a non-negligible impact on the environment, as well as on the citizens' welfare. The classical vehicle routing problem (VRP) aims at designing routes that minimize the cost of serving customers using a given set of capacitated vehicles. Some VRP variants consider traveling times, either in the objective function (e.g., including the goal of minimizing total traveling time or designing balanced routes) or as constraints (e.g., the setting of time windows or a maximum time per route). Typically, the traveling time between two customers or between one customer and the depot is assumed to be both known in advance and static. However, in real life, there are plenty of factors (predictable or not) that may affect these traveling times, e.g., traffic jams, accidents, road works, or even the weather. In this work, we analyze the VRP with dynamic traveling times. Our work assumes not only that these inputs are dynamic in nature, but also that they are a function of the structure of the emerging routing plan. In other words, these traveling times need to be dynamically re-evaluated as the solution is being constructed. In order to solve this dynamic optimization problem, a learnheuristic-based approach is proposed. Our approach integrates statistical learning techniques within a metaheuristic framework. A number of computational experiments are carried out in order to illustrate our approach and discuss its effectiveness.


We compare all backdoor defense methods against six backdoor attacks. For every dataset and every attack, we train 14 backdoor models in total using different target labels and random seeds. For CIFAR10 [4], 5 models share Class 0 as the target label (with different random seeds), and the other 9 models use Class 1-9 as the target label, respectively. For GTSRB [9], we set target labels from the 10 major classes. Similarly, 5 models share the most major class, and the other 9 models use the rest 9 major classes. We show poisoned images with triggers from 6 backdoor attacks in Figure 1. Other implementation details are as follows: Badnets [3]. The trigger is a 3 × 3 checkerboard located at the lower right corner of an image. We randomly choose 10% training samples to attach triggers. The reported ACC and ASR are the average of 14 models. Blended Attack [2]. We use random pattern as the trigger. Each pixel value in the random pattern is uniformly sampled over [0, 256). Following the original paper, we attach trigger by using Blended Injection Strategy and the corresponding blend ratio α is 0.2. We randomly choose 10% training samples to attach triggers. IAB [8]. The trigger of IAB varies from sample to sample. Following original paper and open-source code1, we train trigger generator and image classifier simultaneously. We adopt all-to-one strategy and the injection ratio is 0.1. Label-Consistent Attack (LC) [10]. The trigger is four 3 × 3 checkerboards at four corners of an image. We use projected gradient descent (PGD) to generate adversarial perturbations for misclassifying poisoned samples during the training process. The adversarial model is trained with bounded in linf norm and ε = 16. We poison 80% samples from the target label. SIG [1]. We employ sinusoidal backdoor signal with f = 6 as the trigger. For CIFAR10, we follow the original paper to set ∆ = 20. For GTARB, we set ∆ = 60 to successfully attack models. Since both LC and SIG are clean-label


Introduction: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Mind-body skills represent an experiential approach to teach relaxing techniques that can enable patients to achieve mindfulness and self-awareness to engage in self-care. This study has examined whether a shot-term mindfulness-based skills (MBS) program can improve the wellbeing of women with cervical cancer being treated with chemoradiation.


The liver X receptors (LXRfi and LXRfl) are nuclear receptors that play a central role in the transcriptional control of lipid metabolism. LXRs act as cholesterol sensors that are activated, in different cell types, by elevated intracellular levels of oxysterols deriving from cholesterol metabolism (e.g.: 24(S),25epoxycholesterol). Synthetic LXR agonists promote cholesterol efflux, inhibit inflammation in vivo and inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. The ability of LXRs to integrate metabolic and inflammatory signalling makes them attractive targets for compounds potentially useful in human cardiovascular diseases (e.g. atherosclerosis). The present work is dedicated to the synthesis of three different classes of compounds, useful for the definition of the structural requirements for LXR activation, estimated from the cellular efflux of cholesterol from mouse peritoneal macrophages. SAR investigation have been performed by chemical modulations of known agonists, applying controlled modifications at their conformational, steric and electronic features.


A series of generalized stability analysis models of high and thin arch dams were established,and the stability overload coefficients were calculated with the buckling analysis function of ANSYS based on FEM.The stability of dam body was also analyzed using catastrophe theory.The results coincide with the FEM results.


A circuit in an electroacoustic transmission system suppresses amplitude peaks which are caused by the utterance of a stop consonant such as a "P". A microphone of the transmission system has an output which a high-pass filter is connected. The high-pass filter is normally inactive but can be activated by an electronic switch for a brief period of time. The switch is controlled by a train of electronic elements functioning as a detector for detecting a characteristic quiescent or pause period before the explosive discharge of the stop consonant. Upon detecting this pause the electronic switch is activated and held activated for about 10 to 30 ms. During that time the peak occurs but is suppressed in that it is not passed by the high-pass filter which is activated during this time.


There are many classification tasks in the real world and the digital world. Therefore, classification tasks have always been a hot spot. Nowadays, there are numerous classifiers, including traditional and intelligent methods. Most researchers focus on the accuracy and speed of learned models, they neglected the interpretability and comprehension of the model. In other words, most learned models are like black boxes, i.e., they are not interpretable. However, comprehension and interpretability are very important for a model. To make model interpretable and comprehensible, this paper proposes a new classifier which contains linear discriminant analysis (LDA) feature extraction based on Axiomatic Fuzzy Set (AFS) theory. The proposed method not only get a good performance in the accuracy rate but also has the capability of interpretability and comprehension. Because the proposed method can explore the class by giving semantic descriptions.


The virus has been isolated as HTLV-III and diagnostic testing is quite helpful in predicting prior exposure but not active disease. Infectiousness appears to be low and related to blood and I or semen exchange. However, fear is high firemen in some cities have ordered special resuscitation masks; several dentists now wear gloves and adopt an all-out approach, with these patients receiving repeated intensive care unit admission, respirator care, multiple testing, and drug treatments. Some people, whose numbers are increasing, are suggesting that, while AIDS remains incurable, with a relatively short life span, the high cost and utilization of present beds and resources must be placed in perspective. The question of how much active care to give is as important as the question about "when" and "if" to shift from intense active care to palliative management. Hospitals and programs currently involved in care need to look carefully for criteria that will help clarify these transition points. Once defined, these criteria will provide a more uniform approach to earlyand late-stage management. Another consideration is the timing of involvement for hospice programs. Should they provide care at the time of diagnosis or later at the transition points? This issue is important, because the "end" period is often quite short, characterized by a rapid decline to death once the terminal phase is recognized and intensive care discontinued. A hospice would need to be able to react quickly, a state that is not common where cancer patients are concerned. Finally, if a program did become involved at an early stage, would it require abandonment of active care that might be available, or would the program modify its criterion for admission? I raise this point, since most palliative care programs restrict admission to primarily symptomatic-type care for dying patients. This kind of change requires clear and deliberate consideration.


Energetic electron (110–300 keV) fluxes collected during the entire 13‐year Cassini mission are organized in the new Saturn longitude system (SLS5). This system is based on Saturn radio emissions, varies slowly in time and has a north and a south branch. When the fluxes are organized in SLS5 longitudes and magnetodisk coordinates, they display an m=1 wave pattern that is quasi‐linear in longitude‐range maps. These spiral patterns are easily recognized in energetic electrons and have positive slopes a few degrees of longitude per RS (1 RS =60,268 km), similar to that observed in both particles and magnetic fields earlier in the mission. The patterns are most prominent at elevations +2 RS (SLS5 north) or −2 RS (SLS5 south) relative to the magnetodisk center. The results indicate the persistence of this pattern for essentially half a Saturnian year, suggesting that this pattern is a quasi‐permanent feature of the magnetosphere, much the same as its plasma sheet or magnetopause.


At present,endeavors aimed at constructing cyber-culture on university campuses are faced with tough challenges in reality.Under such circumstances,university authorities should face up to these challenges in order to transform inferiority into superiority and passivity into initiative by establishing a mainstream platform that focuses on "unity of form and spirit",implementing the practical methodology of "four engagement",and organizing a three-dimensional concentric "internet monitoring" corps.It is hoped that a belief system that incorporates the socialist core values can be forged out of these efforts upon netizens on campuses.


Using NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O as a mixed precipitator,CaMoO4:Eu3+ red phosphor was successfully synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method.The processes of thermal decomposition and phase formation for CaMoO4:Eu3+ precursor were analyzed by TG-DTA and XRD.Compared with solid-state method,both surface morphology and luminescence properties of CaMoO4:Eu3+ red phosphor using precipitators NH4HCO3,NH3·H2O and NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O are evaluated by means of SEM and PL respectively.After calcination at 700℃,the precursor is completely converted to a single scheelite structure of CaMoO4:Eu3+.Photoluminescence intensity of the phosphor reaches the maximum value at 900 ℃.The phosphor prepared by using mixed precipitator is uniform spherical particle,and has no aggregation with average size of 0.9μm.Compared with solid-state method,the Eu-O CTS of the red phosphor slightly shifts toward long wavelength.The strong electron absorbability of 7F0→5L6(394nm) and 7F0→5D2(465nm) effectively improves the performance of red phosphor.In addition,the photoluminescent intensity from the mixed precipitation is increased to 2 times of that of the red phosphors prepared by solid-state method.


This study is aimed to determine the influence of transactional factors toward online brand trust and online brand loyalty. Online transactions factors consist of Information Quality, Perceptions of Risk, Reference from mouth to mouth, Online Shopping Experience and Sites Reputation. This is a survey research using questionnaires by Likert scale to measure all the constructs. Questionnaires distributed to the students of 14 campus locations in Surabaya. Questionnaires were distributed to 120 people and there are 5 people who do not qualify and excluded out from data so there left only 115 persons. The data were analyzed by means of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) for testing the hypotheses. It shows that the quality of information has significant effect on online brand trust by 0.301 (p = 0.005); Perceptions of Risk has a direct and significant effect on online brand trust by 0.472 (p = 0.003), and Online Brand Trust has direct and significant effect on Online Brand Loyalty of 0.430 (p = 0.000).


Report issued by the Bureau of Mines discussing analyses of the Eastern and Western coal fields in Kentucky. The two coal fields are described in detail. This report includes tables, and illustrations.


SOUZA, J.D. Development of a didactic-instructional material about manufacturing processes of polymer matrix composites used in the aeronautical industry. 2018. 88 f. Term Paper – Bachelor of Aeronautical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG. The use of composite materials are ever more common in the industrial sector, especially in the construction of several structures of modern aircrafts. The high demand for materials with elevated strength and stiffness and reduced specific mass, drives the search for new combinations between matrix and reinforcement elements, aiming to build a composite that presents not only specific and inherent characteristics for each type of application, but also superior mechanical properties when compared with other conventional materials. The development and application of composite material are wide, reaching several sectors, which makes it necessary to know their characteristics and generalities. Considering the how important is the use of composite materials in aircrafts, this work aims to compile information about polymer matrix composites, its types and main manufacturing processes, as well as applications in the international aeronautical industry. The fundamental purpose of this work is to compose a didactic-instructional material for students, especially Aeronautical Engineering graduates, with information originated from researches and current applications, mainly because the national aeronautical industry is modest when it comes to applications of composite materials in structural components. We believe that the applications sample collected will be very useful to, not only consolidate the learning and teaching capabilities of the referred context, but to instigate in the student the interest for research. It is a "one way street" because certainly the use of composite material in aircrafts structural components will grow over the years, allowing gains in lightness and geometric innovations, with more daring and efficient aerodynamic shapes, when compared with conventional materials.


The objectives of this research are to investigate whether there is a significant difference in the students' reading comprehension achievement before and after the implementation of schemata activation strategy and which aspect that improves the most in reading comprehension after being taught schema activation strategy. This research was conducted at the third-grade students of SMPN 1 Bukit Kemuning in the academic year 2020/2021. The researcher took class IX. The instrument used to get the data in this research was a reading comprehension test. Reading tests in the forms of pre-test and post-test were done to collect the data. Then, the t-test was used to test the hypothesis. The result of the hypothesis test proves that schemata activation gives a positive effect on students' reading comprehension achievement. In addition, determining reference was the aspect of reading skills which improved the most after being taught by Schema Activation Strategy. This evidence proved that teaching reading using Schema Activation Strategy facilities more in determining reference. In conclusion, this study suggests that Schema Activation Strategy can be used to improve students' reading comprehension.


Based on element analysis (Na~Bi) of different diameter atmospheric particles collected from 14 January to 2 February,2009 in Shenyang,the element concentrations and particle size distribution of enrichment factors were characterized on hazy days,normal days and New Year's Eve.The results showed that the mass concentrations of atmospheric particles on hazy days were higher than that on normal days.They both had similar bimodal type in their particle size distribution.The size distribution of concentrations and enrichment factors of pollution elements such as Pb,Bi,Zn,Tl,Ga showed unimodal type with fine particle on hazy days,normal days and New Year's Eve.The peaks appeared at fine fraction range ( 1.1 μm).The maximum contents of Pb and Bi appeared on New Year's Eve,and heavy metals Zn and As reach their maximum on hazy days.They all highly correlated with the pollution caused by human activities.The size distribution of concentrations and enrichment factors of K,Sr and Ba also showed unimodal type with fine particles,which was mainly originated from the release of fireworks.In comparison,La and Fe showed triple-peak type with coarse particles and unimodal type with fine particles,respectively.The mass concentrations and enrichment factors of earth elements such as La and Fe on normal days were higher than those on hazy days.The hazy day formation was negatively correlated with elements from natural sources and positively correlated with those from human activities.


Studying abroad helped a Panamanian student to accept who he is, but it meant him letting go of his dream.


A mathematical screening model is described for examining the investment aspects of the use of energy in reject heated water from nuclear-fueled electricity generating stations for subsequent utilization in greenhouses. The model is a simulation model for costs. From a specified array of alternative facilities, it permits the selection of the configuration of transmission pipe diameters, transmission pumping, capacity and greenhouse designs, which have the minimum cost. A series of technological constraints fundamental to the success of the secondary use of the reject heated water is analyzed. Because scale economies in usage of the heated water are extensive, particular attention is given in the model development to the analysis of questions of temporal growth characteristics and the trading off of economies of scale versus deferment of expenditure.


This study aims to uncover differences in profitability and market timing skills of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) against benchmarks. Using a Markov Regime Switching Model, the article comments on the extent of information utilization by FIIs during periods of low and high economic uncertainty across global (NASDAQ-Composite 3000) and local markets (NIFTY-500 index). The results show significant over-performance (under-performance) in FIIs against benchmarks (NIFTY-50 and NIFTY-500 indices) during low (high) market uncertainty for local uncertainty. However, there is no significant difference in the overall profitability of FIIs during events of global economic uncertainty. The analysis utilizes precise estimates by taking all companies within the index individually and maintaining holdings for all. The article utilizes profitability measures of cash flows, Modified Internal Rate of Return and Buy-and-Hold-returns. The results of this study are relevant to institutional investors, policymakers and investors, especially during local and global uncertainty events.


Filters based on film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) are widely used for mobile phone applications, but they can also address wideband aerospace requirements. These devices need high electromechanical coupling coefficients to achieve large band pass filters.The piezoelectric material LiNbO3 complies with such specifications and is compatible with standard fabrication processes. In this work, simple metal--LiNbO3--metal structures have been developed to fabricate single FBAR elements directly connected to each other on a single chip. A fabrication process based on LiNbO3/silicon Au-Au bonding and LiNbO3 lapping/polishing has been developed and is proposed in this paper. Electrical measurements of these FBAR filters are proposed and commented exhibiting filters with 8% of fractional bandwidth and 3.3 dB of insertion losses. Electrical measurements show possibilities to obtain 14% of fractional bandwidth. These devices have been packaged, allowing for power handling, thermal, and ferroelectric tests, corresponding to spatial conditions.


This critical review examines whether school-aged children perform better on speech recognition tasks when using directional microphone hearing aid technology, as compared to conventional omni-directional technology. Overall, the reviewed literature indicates that directional microphone technology improves speech recognition in background noise for children with hearing loss. However, the research also suggests that the use of directional microphone technology to improve signal to noise ratio (SNR) should only be considered for older children and only when FM technology, the system of choice in difficult listening environments, is not being used.


Cladribine is a modified deoxyadenosine that evades the action of the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which results in an immunosuppressive effect through lymphopenia, leading to an immune cells reconstitution that helps in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Since we currently have a wide range of medications to treat RRMS, it is of great interest to identify the role that cladribine plays among all options. The main objective of this narrative review is to provide useful information, with the aid of a clinical case study, which helps physicians in making decisions to treat patients with RRMS, and provide them with the best options for efficacy and safety. Due to its selective immunosuppressive effects, cladribine is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe activity RRMS, either in escalation therapy or as induction therapy. In this article we will also analyze the characteristics of this drug to establish the scientific bases that guide the therapeutic decision making, taking into account the balance of risks and benefits for the patient.


Fault analysis is important consideration in deciding the adequacy, selectivity of power system protection schemes and overall system reliability assessment. In power system protection relays, quick fault detection is important so that defective phase can be disconnected quickly, so to achieve this task its highly important to obtain the fundamental phasor component. Along with the fundamental component measured fault signals comprises of harmonics, dc offset and noise. So protective relays must filter their inputs to reject unwanted entities. A comparative review of different phasor estimation techniques is described for fault analysis purpose. The different algorithms are implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK software and performances of these implemented algorithms are compared using different performance indices.


Introduction:
 First pass recanalization (FPR) is known to be a strong predictor of good outcome in endovascular treatment (EVT) of stroke. The reasons why FPR leads to better outcome than if achieved in multiple-passes (MP) are unknown. We aim to investigate the recanalization pattern and its relation with good outcome.

 Methods:
 609 consecutive patients underwent EVT in the anterior circulation at a single stroke center. Demographic and imaging characteristics, number of passes and recanalization pattern were recorded. Complete recanalization was defined as mTICI2b-3 at the end of EVT. Good functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale (mRs) 0-2 at 90 days. Sudden recanalization(SR) was considered when mTICI score varied from 0-1 to 2B-3 in a single pass. Progressive recanalization (PR) was considered if mTICI 2a was achieved at an interim pass before achieving complete recanalization. Patients were categorized as recanalizers at first-pass (FP) and multiple-passes (MP) or non-recanalizers (NR). 70 (10.3%) patients in MP group were excluded due to missing procedural data.

 Results:
 509 (83.9%) patients achieved complete recanalization. SR was achieved in 378 (62.1%) patients; 280 (46%) were FP-SR and 98 (16.1%) were MP-SR. MP-PR was achieved in 131 (21.5%) patients. Rates of good functional outcome depending on recanalization pattern were: FP-SR 57.5%, MP-SR 57.1% (FP-SR vs MP-SR, OR 0.9 CI 0.53-1.54, p=0.7), MP-PR 29.8% (MP-SR vs MP-PR, OR 3.06 CI 1.66-5.62, p<0.001) and NR 17% (MP-PR vs NR, OR 1.23 CI 0.49-3.09, p=0.66). In patients with complete recanalization, univariate analysis showed that both FP (OR 1.91, CI 1.34-2.72, p<0.01) and SR (OR 3.18, CI 2.08-4.87, p<0.01) were associated with good functional outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that SR was a predictor of good functional outcome (OR 3.12, CI 1.9-5.1, p<0.01), being FPR non-significant (OR 1.12, CI 0.66-1.9, p=0.666).

 Conclusions:
 Sudden recanalization is a strong predictor of good functional outcome in patients undergoing EVT, even after previous unsuccessful attempts. Progressive recanalization may reflect clot fragmentation and embolization due to more friable composition, leading to worse outcomes. Benefits of first pass effect are driven by sudden recanalization.


A rapid color structured light 3D measurement technique is proposed.Based on the principle of gray code,a novel color coding method using 6 easily distinguished colors is designed.An exclusive sequence of encoded color stripes is presented,whose beginning postion of the periods can be discretionary and the inter-symbol interference is avoided.Furthermore,the decoding process is facile.The traditional three-phase shifting is replaced by three-colors phase shifting.By using two color structured light images,3D shape information can be obtained with higher speed and precision.Experimental results show that the proposed color structured light 3D shape measurement method is effective.


The paper presents the microstructural characterization of the aluminium alloy 7010 in retrogression and re- ageing (RRA) condition by using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The grain boundary microstructure is analyzed with the focus on variation of GBP's (grain boundary precipitate) size and PFZ (precipitate free zone) size during retrogression performed at 200 °C for duration of 10-60 min. The microchemistry of the GBP's is analyzed by using TEM-EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). The results reveal the coarsening of discrete GBP's along with enrichment of the Cu in them. The average size of the GBP's in RRA treated sample vary from 30 nm during 10 min of retrogression to 59 nm at 60 min of retrogression. The PFZ size varied from 35 nm to 51 nm for 10 min and 60 min of retrogression time, respectively. The Cu content of the GBP's increased from 3.54 wt% for 10 min of retrogression to 5.27 wt% for 60 min of retrogression and re-aged sample.The paper presents the microstructural characterization of the aluminium alloy 7010 in retrogression and re- ageing (RRA) condition by using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The grain boundary microstructure is analyzed with the focus on variation of GBP's (grain boundary precipitate) size and PFZ (precipitate free zone) size during retrogression performed at 200 °C for duration of 10-60 min. The microchemistry of the GBP's is analyzed by using TEM-EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). The results reveal the coarsening of discrete GBP's along with enrichment of the Cu in them. The average size of the GBP's in RRA treated sample vary from 30 nm during 10 min of retrogression to 59 nm at 60 min of retrogression. The PFZ size varied from 35 nm to 51 nm for 10 min and 60 min of retrogression time, respectively. The Cu content of the GBP's increased from 3.54 wt% for 10 min of retrogression to 5.27 wt% for 60 min of retrogression and re-aged sample.


This is a case report of a 73 year old male patient who presented with a chronic discharging sinus from the right side of his abdominal wall almost three years after he underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. CAT scan showed a sinus tract leading to a radio-opaque foreign body located in a cavity just lateral to the right edge of the right lobe of the liver, highly suggestive of a gallstone being slipped during cholecystectomy. The patient underwent surgery where the sinus tract was excised and a gallstone was removed from a cavity sinus in the peritoneum just lateral to the right edge of the right lobe of the liver. Both the laparotomy wound and sinus tract wound were completely healed three weeks post operatively. Gallstone abscess and sinus formation post laparoscopic cholecystectomy are becoming more common than expected due to the underestimation of many surgeons of the hazards that may result from gallbladder perforation and stone spillage intraperitonially during the procedure. This a rare and new complication post laparoscopic cholecystectomy and can be prevented by several simple precautions and manoeuvres. Increase of awareness about this type of complication will facilitate it prevention.


The rechargeable lithium metal battery comprises an electrolyte and a separator comprising a chlorinated polymer. The electrolyte comprises a saline solution in an organic medium. The electrolyte comprises one or more salts chosen from lithium-arsenic-fluoride complex (LiAsF6), lithium-antimony-fluoride complex (LiSbF6), lithium-chloride complex (LiClO4), Li-bis-oxalatoborate, lithium-boron-fluoride complex (LiBF4), lithium-fluoride complex (LiN(SO2C2F5)2), lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate (LiCF3SO3) and lithium-fluoride complex (LiN(SO2CF3). The electrolyte is a lithium-ion conductive medium comprising organic cation, and organic or inorganic anion, preferably lithium-aluminum-chloride complex (LiAlCl4). Independent claims are included for the following: (1) manufacture of lithium metal battery; and (2) use of combination of chlorine and fluorine containing compounds with lithium metal anode, in battery.


By analyzing the effect of urea and guanidine hydrochloride on the circular dichroism of many polypeptides and proteins, it is concluded that under conditions of high concentration of the perturbant and at low temperatures the resultant state approached is that of a local extended helix structure instead of a completely random coil. Intensification by urea and guanidine hydrochloride of the circular dichroism bands of poly‐L‐proline II leads to the proof that the mechanism of interaction of urea and guanidine hydrochloride with proteins is through hydrogen bonding to the backbone carbonyl group.


Natural (−)-cocaine and unnatural (+)-cocaine have been synthesized enantiospecifically from d- and l-glutamic acid, respectively. The axial−equatorial substitutents were introduced by a stereo- and regiospecific dipolar cycloaddition to the corresponding (1R,5S)- and (1S,5R)-N-BOC-nortropenes with (ethoxycarbonyl)formonitrile N-oxide. A sequence of subsequent stereochemically controlled transformations converted the fused isoxazoline to the requisite β-hydroxy ester. Synthesis of the key intermediate N-BOC-nortropenes involved construction of the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane framework by Dieckmann condensation of cis-5-substituted d- and l-proline esters. For comparison, (1R,5S)-N-BOC-nortropene also was derived by degradation from natural cocaine. The cis-5-substituted d- and l-proline esters were obtained by sulfide contraction and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation to induce stereospecifically the C-5 stereochemistry from d- and l-thiopyroglutamate, which in turn were prepared from d- and l-glutamic acid...


Determinnation of As and Hg in water by HG-AFS has been performed,operation conditions such as acidity KBH 4 concentration which affected sensitivity have been optimized.The detection limits are 0.000?98?mg/L and 0.000?08?mg/L for As\Hg,respectively,under optimum conditions.The method has the advantages of simple operation,high sensitivity and high speed.


To the Editor. —A primary goal of research related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to characterize subtypes of the disease amenable to specific therapeutic interventions. Recent investigations indicated that concomitant or independently occurring Lewy body (LB) pathology represents one of the largest variants of clinically diagnosed AD. This neuropathological entity is characterized by eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies disseminated in the neocortex, limbic areas, and brain stem nuclei and usually occurring with pathologic changes characteristic of moderate AD. Although clinical criteria for the identification of LB dementia (fluctuation in impairment of cognitive functions, hallucinations often leading to paranoid delusions, unexplained falls and/or loss of consciousness, extrapyramidal features, and neuroleptic hypersensitivity) are not firmly established, interest in LB dementia as an independent nosographic entity 1 is growing. The postmortem examination of LB-affected brains provides a set of neuropathological features 2 that more clearly, although not unequivocally, differentiate LB dementia from typical, neuropathologically


Before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public within and for the State of Oklahoma on this ___________ day of _______________, 20__, personally appeared the above Defendant, ____________________, (name) to me known to be the identical person who executed the above and foregoing waiver, and personally acknowledge to me that he/she has read, understood and signed the same, and that he/she executed the same as his/her free and voluntary act and deed for the use and purposes therein set forth.


This paper introduces the research of design and implementation of building sunlight analysis module which is developed by ArcObjects and based on ArcScene.Each sub module is also introduced.Some relative key techniques including the sunlight analysis,design of 3D build,shadow dynamic display and so on are emphasized.And the application of this module is demonstrated briefly.


(+)-Oxo-tomaymycin, a naturally occurring substance of the pyrrolo-1,4-benzodiazepine family, was synthesized using a short and efficient route. The key construction of the seven-membered ring by a...


Multifunctional BiFeO3 nanostructure anchored TiO2 nanotubes are fabricated by coupling wet chemical and electrochemical routes. BiFeO3/TiO2 nano-heterostructure exhibits white-light-induced ferroelectricity at room temperature. Studies reveal that the photogenerated electrons trapped at the domain/grain boundaries tune the ferroelectric polarization in BiFeO3 nanostructures. The photon controlled saturation and remnant polarization opens up the possibility to design ferroelectric devices based on BiFeO3. The nano-heterostructure also exhibits substantial photovoltaic effect and rectifying characteristics. Photovoltaic property is found to be correlated with the ferroelectric polarization. Furthermore, the nonvolatile resistive switching in BiFeO3/TiO2 nano-heterostructure has been studied, which demonstrates that the observed resistive switching is most likely caused by the electric-field-induced carrier injection/migration and trapping/detrapping process at the hetero-interfaces. Therefore, BiFeO3/TiO2 ...


The leaders of oilfield downhole company headquarters and the owner supervisor need to control the performance of field operation in time to realize remote supervision to operation process.This paper gives a remote monitoring solution to oilfield downhole operation,puts forward a four-layers framework,i.e.field data acquisition layer,data transport layer,data storage and remote web publishing service layer,and remote monitoring layer,discusses the corresponding software and their functions as well as the design of downhole operation database.Distributed communications solutions for operation well,data transmission security design from site to oilfield intranet,and long-distance transmission flow of data are also discussed.


First in human phase I trials are an unaviodable gateway to the development of new anticancer therapies. The discovery of target therapies have significantly changed the process of clinical drug development.


Introduction: Single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) is a fast technique allowing the acquisition of an image following a single RF excitation. The high temporal resolution of EPI makes it the method of choice for applications such as fMRI or diffusion tensor imaging. However, EPI is prone to geometric and intensity distortions in the presence of magnetic field inhomogeneities. Several correction techniques have been proposed in the past based on field map acquisitions [1] or point spread function (PSF) acquisitions [2, 3]. Parallel imaging techniques such as GRAPPA were employed for accelerating the PSF data acquisition [4]. In this work we demonstrate that compressed sensing (CS) [5] reconstruction can be used for acquiring the PSF data set with high acceleration factors for accurate geometric distortion corrections.


Perception is the interpretation of the sensory stimuli received from the environment. Visual, auditory, and tactile senses are collected and interpreted in the "General Interpretation Area" (Wernicke's area). This area alone plays a much more active role than all other regions of the cortex in the comprehension of the brain called intelligence. We comprehend the events as a whole with the combination of the visual, auditory, and tactile perceptions in the Wernicke's area; the events remain longer in our memory and its impact on us is stronger. This situation is called multi-sensory perception. Different pressure groups are in an effort to influence the feelings, sensations, systems of thought, and actions of their target population in order to ensure their target population to behave in line with their targets. In this respect, "Perception Management" is defined as all activities that are performed to influence the thoughts of a target population. Modeling, focusing attention on a specific point, creating an expectation, participation, rewarding, punishment, and stress management are among the methods applied in perception management. If we learn these methodological approaches used in perception management, we are in the opinion that it would be easy for individuals to decide independently by preventing them from the influence and manipulation of different pressure groups on their decision-making processes. Today, pressure groups aim at managing the community in line with their targets by influencing single individuals mostly using the perception management method.


A 2-year-old male Jack Russell Terrier was referred to a clinic for evaluation and treatment of periodontal disease. Dental charting and intraoral radiographs revealed attachment loss, deep gingival pockets and alveolar bone loss especially at the left mandibular fourth premolar (P4) and first molar (M1). The left mandibular P4 was extracted, while the more important M1-tooth with vertical bone loss was treated by guided tissue regeneration using a bone allograft and collagen to modify the healing process of periodontal tissue and to allow new bone formation around the tooth. This technique requires special skills from the veterinarian, and the owner must be committed for excellent oral hygiene at home. The 6-month recheck revealed complete healing of the gingival pocket and alveolar bone.


A Thanks Letter To Mr.Xie,The Head Of The Secretariat was the fragment of a letter.It was written by Tao Hongjing,a Southern Dynasties writer,to his friend,Mr.Xie.There are three unsolved mysteries about this letter:who,where,when(i.e Mr.Xie was who;where the scenery located and when this letter was written).The research shows that Mr.Xie was Xie Fei,who served as the head of the secretariat from 490to 494.In 491,Tao Hongjing traveled to the east of Zhejiang,so this thanks letter should be written shortly after this year,and the scenery should be around Zhejiang Shengzhou.


Abstract:This essay considers Viola Meynell's work on Melville during the early 1920s. Although there have long been claims for the importance of her 1920 edition of Moby-Dick in drawing the attention of a fresh generation of writers to Melville, little attention has been paid to the sources of Meynell's interest in Moby-Dick or to the position of her work within established narratives of the British recovery of Melville. The discussion here sets Meynell's passionate advocacy for Melville alongside that of her sometime friend and fellow Modernist, D.H. Lawrence, before turning to look at how her understanding of Melville's work speaks to traditions of interest in the author that have become obscure: women's reading of Melville, the positioning of his work within a tradition of British fiction and his appeal to writers drawn to Catholicism during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.


The invention provides a touch control method, device and terminal based on fingerprint identification. The touch control method based on fingerprint identification comprises the steps that fingerprint information of a user is acquired through a fingerprint sensor; the fingerprint information of the user is compared with preset fingerprint information; when the fact that the fingerprint information of the user agrees with the preset fingerprint information is determined, an operation task related to the preset fingerprint information is carried out. According to the technical scheme of the touch control method, device and terminal based on fingerprint identification, the terminal can be controlled according to the fingerprint information of the user, therefore, the application range of the fingerprint identification technique is widened, and the operation convenience of the user is improved.


In situ rock mass is generally heterogeneous and discontinuous, with varying degrees of strength along the planes of weakness. The planes of weakness such as joints, faults, cracks and bedding planes, control the strength and deformation characteristics of the rock mass. Subsequently, the stability of underground opening depends upon the spatial distribution of discontinuities and their mechanical properties in relation with geometrical shape of openins as well as the mechanical properties of intact rock materials. Understanding the behaviour of a discontinuous rock mass remains a key issue for improving excavation design in hiかy stressed environments. Although recent advances in rock mechanics have provided guidelines for the design of underground opening in isotropic rock mass, prediction and control of deformation in discontinuous rock masses are still unclear. In this study, parametric study was performed to investigate the plastic zone size, stress distribution and deformation behavior around underground opening in a discontinuous rock mass using a continuum joint model. The solutions were obtained by an elasto-plastic finite difference analysis, employing the Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria. Non-associated flow rule and perfectly plastic material behavior are also assumed.


Northwestern Russia [Guseva, 2014a]. Their role as predators of agricultural pests that live on plants depends on their ability to climb different plants. Nevertheless, this ability of many species has not yet been clarified in the existing literature. Sweeping on vegetation is rarely used to collect rove beetles [Niedobova, Fric, 2014]. This study determines the species composition of rove beetles on the plants by sweeping vegetation on different agricultural fields and at their margins in the Leningrad Region.


A dialogue and a reflection are offered as a way of structuring the author's thoughts about the life and personality of a dead friend (the dialogue), and his reflection on why he wrote the first dialogue as he did. In particular, the dialogue seeks to present the dead man as confusing to 'read'. The reflection considers how much attention is given in the first to different aspects of the friend's life, and offers possible reasons for these choices. Reasons include the personal characteristics of the author highlighted by his friendship with the dead man, and the author's wish to reflect obliquely something of the felt experience of being the dead man's friend. This dialogue was submitted to EJLW on August 7th, and published on April 9th 2017. Arthur Halliday is a pseudonym.


The electron-donating property of Na metal-doped MgO (Na/MgO) was studied by the ESR technique. The spin concentration of (CO)nx- ((CO)2- and/or (CO)63-) radicals formed from adsorbed CO on a Na/MgO surface was much higher than that of the surface paramagnetic center formed by an electron released from sodium metal and trapped in an anion vacancy. The ESR signal intensity of the trapped electron paramagnetic center was not changed by the CO adsorption treatment, and so the trapped electron was not transferred to the adsorbate. However, the surface one-electron-donating property was increased dramatically by the trapped electron, apparently due to an inductive effect.


This paper presents a study on predicting coalbed methane (CBM) production based on reservoir properties. Two hundred numerical models with different reservoir properties which are generated by a Monte Carlo method are numerically simulated using a compositional simulator. Empirical equations are built to estimate the gas recovery, peak gas rate, time to peak gas rate and gas production decline rates by analysing the relationships between reservoir properties and gas production rates. The peak gas rate, time to peak gas rate and gas production decline rates are used in the rate–time fit equation to predict the gas production rate. Results show that the combination of the modified Morse potential energy equation and the exponential decline equation can be used to fit the gas production for the entire production period of CBM wells. The regression coefficients between the calculated and numerical simulated gas recovery, logarithmic peak gas rate and logarithmic time to peak gas rate are 0.82, 0.86 and 0.80, respectively. New relationships between the time to peak gas rate and the decline parameters are presented in this paper.


The CoQ10 is an antioxidant that has low solubility in water so it has a low drug levels in the skin. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) can be used to improve skin penetration; however, NLC has less penetration rate than nanoemulsion (NE). To improve the penetration of NLC, Peppermint Essential Oil (PEO) was used as an enhancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PEO addition at concentrations of 1%; 1.5%; 2% on the characteristics and physical stability of NLC loaded CoQ10. The NLC composed of oleum cacao and beeswax at a ratio of 75: 25, respectively, virgin coconut oil (VCO), Tween 80, Span 80, and propylene glycol. The NLC was prepared by High Shear Homogenization method. Then, the characteristics included organoleptic, pH, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were determined. Moreover, the physical stability was evaluated by the centrifugation method. The results showed that all samples had a yellowish color with a specific peppermint oil smell. NLC-CoQ10 with the addition of PEO at a concentration of 2% had less viscosity than other formulas. Increasing the concentration of PEO had no significant effects on the color, pH, particle size, and polydispersity index. On the other hand, it decreased the consistency and increased the zeta potential; however, it still produced good physical stability visually observed during the study.


Norris Reservoir is the oldest and largest reservoir maintained and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Norris Dam received a new operating guide in 2004; however, this new guide did not consider projected climate change. In an aging infrastructure, the necessity to assess the potential impacts of climate change on water resources planning and management is increasing. This study used a combined monthly hydrologic model and a general circulation model's (GCM) outcome to project inflows for three future time spans: 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s. The current operating guide was then assessed and optimized using penalty-function-driven genetic algorithms to gain insight for how the current guide will respond to climate change, and if it can be further optimized. The results showed that the current operating guide could sufficiently handle the increased projected runoff without major risk of dam failure or inundation, but the optimized operating guides decreased operational penalties ranging from 22 to 37 percent. These findings show that the framework used here provides water resources planning and management a methodology for assessing and optimizing current systems, and emphasizes the need to consider projected climate change as an assessment tool for reservoir operations.


Although undergraduate students are often involved in academic research as volunteers, paid assistants or to receive extra-credit, very little attention has been paid to how well these students perform when they assist researchers. The current study compares the number of surveys gathered at a large local event and the number of missing entries for each survey among students who participated voluntarily, who received extra-credit, and who are required to spend a certain amount of hours of service per semester. Our results show that no significant difference exists among these three groups in terms of the number of surveys completed and the number of missing entries. These results suggest that students who receive extra-credit are as motivated as those who voluntarily participate in a large scale survey. Thus, researchers do not jeopardize survey quantity or quality by giving extra-curricular credits to students when a large scale survey needs to be conducted. ********** Undergraduate college students play a great part in academic research by participating in experiments, surveys, or by assisting faculty. For example, in Millard and Grant's study (2006), undergraduate students served as judges to evaluate magazine photographs. Similarly, Goodin et al (2011) tested the validity of their content analysis with undergraduate students by asking them to rate multiple pictures. In Rau and Durand's study (2000), undergraduate students were trained and conducted interviews for a study to examine academic ethics of college students. Although the practice of undergraduate's involvement has been widely accepted, very few studies examined the quality of data yielded by undergraduate students who assist with data collection. Moreover, it is unknown if there is a difference in data quality between students who voluntarily participate in a project without any reward (such as payment or extra credit for a course) and students who receive a reward. It is reasonable to assume a difference between purely voluntary students and students receiving a reward in terms of motivation and completion of a task. Pearce (1983) compared volunteer workers and employees in comparable organizations. He did not find a significant difference in intrinsic motivation (interest in job, enjoyment of doing the work, etc.) between the two; however, he found a significant difference in service motivation (a chance to make a real contribution, identification with the mission of the organization, etc.) with volunteers showing a higher service motivation than employees. He further found that volunteers showed greater job satisfaction and less intent to leave than employees (Pearce, 1983). A more recent study yields similar results. Beeher, et al. (2010) examined required volunteers and non-required volunteers among undergraduate students, and found less motivation among required volunteers than non-required volunteers. The study also found a higher level of university commitment as well as university satisfaction among non-required volunteers than required volunteers. Above studies indicate that 'no strings attached' volunteers are more motivated and satisfied. These findings imply that among students who participate in research, those who receive extra credit are less motivated than students who voluntarily participate in research. In our study, we intend to compare data quality and quantity between three different groups of students who participated in a survey research. The study will compare the number of questionnaires completed by each student per shift and the amount of missed entries per survey with special focus on students' volunteer status. Study results will contribute to future research which involves students' participation as interviewers/investigators. Numerous studies have examined students who participate in research and their results are inconclusive with respect to relationships between participation in extra credit activities and their characteristics including demographic characteristics (Harrison, et al. …


ABSTRACT For count data having an unknown mass function g0, we use the minimum Bhattacharyya-Hellinger distance (MBHD) estimator and a stopping rule to construct a sequential fixed-width confidence interval for a functional T(g0) = θ0, where fθ0 is the best-fitting parametric model achieving the MBHD between g0 and any member of a parametric class of mass functions. We establish the asymptotic consistency and efficiency properties of the sequential confidence interval and the expected sample size, respectively, as the half-width d → 0. When the count data come from a gross-error contamination model gα, L = (1 − α)fθ + αδ{L} for α ∈ (0, 1), where a parametric model fθ is mixed with a point mass δ{L} located at a value L, we reparameterize L = Ld such that Ld → ∞ as d → 0 and theoretically show that the expected sample size is affected by α, whereas the coverage probability of the sequential confidence interval depends on the rate of [T(gα, Ld) − θ]/d, as d → 0. Our reparameterization fully exploits the MBHD estimator's inherent ability to progressively ignore increasing values of L, providing an asymptotically consistent sequential fixed-width interval estimator of θ. When fθ is Poisson (θ), simulations are conducted to corroborate our theoretical results and to contrast the performance of the MBHD with that of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of θ. A real data on Death Notice, modeled as a negative binomial, are analyzed to compare and contrast the performance of our sequential MBHD procedure with that of the MLE.


Solenoid valve a movable core (26); a valve element (24) which is designed to move together with the movable core (26) to control fluid communication; is a magnetic opposing portion (30) which is located further away from the valve member (24) as the movable core (26) and opposite to the movable core (26), wherein the magnetic opposing portion (30) and the movable core ( 26) are configured to define a gap therebetween (200); a nonmagnetic cylindrical portion (16) surrounding the gap (200) radially outwardly; is disposed a first magnetic cylindrical portion (14) axially closer to the movable core (26) as the non-magnetic cylindrical portion (16); a second magnetic cylindrical portion (18) disposed around an outer periphery of the magnetic facing portion (30), wherein the magnetic opposing portion (30) is disposed axially further away from the first magnetic cylindrical portion (14) than the non-magnetic cylindrical portion (16); and a coil (44) around an outer circumference of the nonmagnetic cylindrical portion (16) is disposed, said spool (44) is designed to provide a magnetic attraction force between the magnetic opposing portion (30) and the movable core (26) to generate, when energized, wherein the non-magnetic cylindrical portion (16) having a thickness t, the magnetic opposing portion (30) has a cross-sectional area S1, the magnetic opposing portion (30) and a cylindrical member which holds the magnetic opposing portion (30) and the thickness t has a total cross sectional area S2 have, and the thickness t, the cross-sectional area S1 and the total cross-sectional area S2 satisfy t ≤ 0.6 mm and 0.55 ≤ (S1 / S2).


The calculations of nucleus-nucleus potential are carried out in the framework of double folding model with M3Y-Reid and M3Y-Paris eectiv e nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. The exchange part of the interaction, which is taken to be of nite range and the density dependence of NN interaction, is accounted for in the folding procedure. The results are used as the real part of the optical potential for heavy ion scattering. Besides, some general aspects of the folding model are reviewed and its theoretical processes are discussed. The calculated potentials with all kinds of NN interactions are compared. It is shown that the real parts of the optical potential for a large number of systems are obtained satisfactorily with our double folding model. Therefore, this work provides a promising way for a systematic and comprehensive double folding calculation of heavy ion interaction potential.


This practical half day seminar will cover all recent important regulatory changes and highlight what firms need to do to comply.


Exclusive Breastfeeding is recommended by World Health Organization until 6 months old. It is considered one of the most costeffective measures to improve Child and Adult Health, making breastfeeding promotion a public health priority. Spite the efforts, worldwide only about 40% of the babies are exclusively breastfed at 6 months old. To tackle these numbers, it is important to acknowledge that breastfeeding is a voluntary behaviour. The aim of this study is to create a better understanding of the process by which Portuguese mothers make decisions regarding infant feeding practices during the first 6 months of the child. Nine in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Portuguese mothers that tried to breastfeed. Some of them continued exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months, some introduced formula or other practices before. Corbin and Strauss Grounded Theory was used to collect and analyze the data. A conceptual model on different pathways that mothers can cross was created. The core category chosen was "Finding a balance between the best for the child and the best for the mother", describing the persistent struggle that mothers go through trying to counterpoise "giving their baby the best start in life" and "maintain their own wellbeing". This pathway was described in 5 categories: Creating Expectations, Realizing it takes two (or more), Questioning breastfeeding as a natural instinct, Solving incompatibilities between guidelines and real life; and Recognizing that motherhood makes you learn that "when you spit up into the air it falls on your face". These findings suggest that, despite being a voluntary behaviour, breastfeeding or not, is a decision taking in a context. When mothers make decisions regarding infant feeding practices, they are influenced by peers, norms, values, public policies, and their concept of breastfeeding success. It is essential to consider these, and emphasize the central role of the mother, if we want to create a context that facilitates the choice of breastfeeding.


In the present study, new turbulence closure equations are derived in the light of continuous (often termed second order) phase transition. Closed form Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations due to those closure equations are solved numerically for a plane turbulent free jet. There turbulent viscosity is treated as a tensor unlike the eddy viscosity. An overall agreement of the obtained results with the existing literature for the jet flow proves the effectiveness of the new closure equations. Besides, turbulent stresses as a function of normalized mean velocity are found to exhibit their odd and even symmetries which seem to be the manifestations of the free energy symmetry of continuous phase transition.


Mineral supplements are often included in multivitamin preparations because of their beneficial effects on metabolism. In this study, we used an animal model of light‐induced retinal degeneration to test for photoreceptor cell protection by the essential trace element zinc. Rats were treated with various doses of zinc oxide and then exposed to intense visible light for as long as 8 h. Zinc treatment effectively prevented retinal light damage as determined by rhodopsin and retinal DNA recovery, histology and electrophoretic analysis of DNA damage and oxidized retinal proteins. Zinc oxide was particularly effective when given before light exposure and at doses two‐ to four‐fold higher than recommended by the age‐related eye disease study group. Treated rats exhibited higher serum and retinal pigment epithelial zinc levels and an altered retinal gene expression profile. Using an Ingenuity database, 512 genes with known functional annotations were found to be responsive to zinc supplementation, with 45% of these falling into a network related to cellular growth, proliferation, cell cycle and death. Although these data suggest an integrated and extensive regulatory response, zinc induced changes in gene expression also appear to enhance antioxidative capacity in retina and reduce oxidative damage arising from intense light exposure.


The aim of this study was to characterize plasmid‐mediated AmpC (pAmpC)‐producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates. A total of 101 strains with AmpC‐susceptibility pattern were prospectively included. All isolates were tested by multiplex PCR to detect different bla genes. Phylogenetic groups were determined by a multiplex PCR assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by a microdilution commercial method. Presence of blapAmpC was detected in 79 (78.2%) of the strains; in these pAmpC‐producing isolates, blaTEM was detected in 41 (51.9%) strains, blaSHV in 5 (6.3%) strains, blaOXA in 3 (3.8%) strains, and blaCTX‐M in 3 (3.8%) strains. blaVIM and blaKPC were detected in one strain. Sixteen strains belonged to phylogroup A, 27 to B1, 20 to B2, and 16 to D. As conclusion, the majority of the strains of E. coli with AmpC‐susceptibility pattern are pAmpC positive, although the association of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamases (ESBL) and pAmpC is unusual.


The 2017 IDSA/SHEA clinical practice guidelines for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recommend treating recurrent episodes with fidaxomicin or oral vancomycin, but there is little evidence to support one strategy over another, particularly beyond the first recurrence. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes in patients with recurrent CDI treated with vancomycin vs. fidaxomicin.

 This was a retrospective study evaluating inpatients with recurrent CDI treated with vancomycin or fidaxomicin between January 1, 2013 and May 1, 2019. The primary outcome was CDI recurrence. Secondary outcomes included re-infection, treatment failure, infection-related length of stay (IRLOS), and in-hospital all-cause mortality (IHACM). Data collected included demographics; number of previous CDI episodes; CDI therapy; time to recurrence and re-infection; exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and probiotics. Wilcoxon rank sum, Pearson chi-square, or Fisher's exact tests were utilized, as appropriate. A multivariable logistic regression (MLR) model was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval assessing recurrence while adjusting for confounding variables. A survival analysis was also conducted.

 One hundred thirty-five patients met inclusion criteria (n = 35 fidaxomicin vs. n = 100 vancomycin). Of these, 42 (31%) had experienced at least 2 CDI episodes prior to their index recurrence. There was no difference in CDI recurrence [7 (20%) fidaxomicin vs. 11 (11%) vancomycin, p=0.18]; this persisted in the MLR model (OR 0.85 [95% CI 0.27-2.7]) and survival analysis (P = 0.1954). Additionally, there was no difference in re-infection rate (p=0.73), treatment failure (p=0.13), IRLOS (p=0.19), or IHACM (p=0.65).

 Oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin are both suitable treatment options in the setting of recurrent CDI.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


I wrote my examination paper about the correlations between the motivation and fluctua-tion in a producing company. The biggest part of me choosing this topic was to process a central and actual question from nowadays. Researches and articles can confirm the im-portance of this topic which prove the key factors are in human resources.
In this past year I spent my time being an intern in the examined company, so I was able to see what kind of serious problems they are dealing with in the area of dealing with their human resources caused by the motivation of their employees. This is how in this dis-sertation I'm looking for the answer of how the motivation of the employees can affect the fluctuation of the organization. This way this examination didn't just give me valuable in-formation but for the leadership of the organization too.
First the theoretical field of human resources management and the fluctuation was reviewed, then I made my research based on theory.
During the primary research I used two methods to explore the motivation and satis-faction of employees. First, I sent out a questionnaire with fifteen questions to the em-ployees of the organization, which was based on the Herzberg's two-factor model. With this questionnaire I compared the satisfaction of the individual workgroups with each oth-er to reveal which group is causing the root problem. Then to confirm the results of this questionnaire I interviewed one person from each workgroup.
To examine the fluctuation I used these researching methods. Based on the data provided by the company, I analysed the fluctuation level of the organization by docu-ment analysis which I confirmed with my observations during my internship.
Based on the results I got I came to conclusions, which made it possible to formulate the correlation between the motivation and the fluctuation in the case of the examined company.
Finally, I formulated suggestions for the company to improve the satisfaction and motivation of its employees and as well as to reduce fluctuations at the same time.


In this work, we propose a new method for a unified study of some of the main features of the theory of the center of the enveloping algebra U(gl(n)) and of the algebra of shifted symmetric polynomials, that allows the whole theory to be developed, in a transparent and concise way, from the representation-theoretic point of view, that is entirely in the center of U(gl(n)). Our methodological innovation is the systematic use of the superalgebraic method of virtual variables for gl(n), which is, in turn, an extension of Capelli's method of "variabili ausiliarie".


In the Amalgamated Sugar Company's growing area, there are approximately 180,000 acres of sugar beets (beta vulgaris L) grown. The sugar beets are grown mostly in Idaho, with some being grown in Oregon and Washington. For the past 30 years, Nitrogen (N) recommendations have been made using a standard 8 lbs. per historical (5 year average) ton of sugar beets. This standard was established by researchers doing N plot work across the company growing areas and in all different soil types for 7 years. The standard for making N recommendations was established to be 8 lbs. N per projected historical ton produced.


Fractured reservoir is an important part of China's oil and gas resources, which is a phenomenon that will be encountered in the exploitation of most oil and gas resources. However, there are many difficulties in the exploitation of fractured reservoirs, such as internal complexity, basic assumptions of models, fracture identification technology, computer hardware and so on. Therefore, we must consider the full coupling matrix finite element analysis, which will overcome the limitations of the traditional dual medium model and the discrete fracture network model. Through the full coupled matrix finite element analysis, we can establish a new numerical simulation of fractured reservoir. First, this paper analyzes the basic types of fractured reservoirs. Then, this paper analyzes the full coupling matrix finite element method.


bottom panel shows an example dendrite that has been reconstructed from forty 0.2 μm optical sections acquired with a 100X objective (1.4NA). The top panel shows the 3DMA graphical output of these stacks of images in which the dendritic backbone is in black, the central axis of the dendrite is designated as a grey line, and the detected spines are shown in color (colors are randomly assigned). 3DMA detection and categorization of spines proceeds in 4 main phases: segmentation, construction of the medial axis, dendritic backbone extraction, and spine detection. First, we chose a single threshold intensity for neuron detection: voxels having an intensity above this threshold were assigned to the neuron phase and the remaining voxels were assigned to the background phase. The same threshold intensity was applied to all images acquired for a single experiment in which 10 sections from a wild type and 10 sections from a synGAP +/-littermate were analyzed. Next, the medial axis of the neuron was detected using an erosion-based algorithm. The medial axis is composed of voxels from the neuron phase which are equidistant from voxels on the neuron surface. At this point, we manually trimmed spurious paths that were not part of the dendrite by using a minimum length criterion. After the medial axis was constructed and trimmed, the dendritic backbone was extracted from the medial axis. Finally, 3DMA detected the spine components. Any dendritic phase component that did not contain a dendritic backbone but had a center of mass within a specified distance from a nearby backbone was identified as a detached spine head. Attached spines were detected as local protrusions from a dendritic backbone. 3DMA then performed a final merging algorithm to identify spines with more than one attached or detached spine component. At this point, we manually edited protrusions that were erroneously detected as spines. Once the spines were


ABSTRACT
.
 This paper reports the first record of Eumops underwoodi in the Baja California peninsula. This record expands the species' distributional range in Mexico along the peninsula. We propose 2 plausible biogeographical explanations. First, the species has the ability to travel across the Gulf of California from the coast of Sonora to the eastern side of the Baja California peninsula and there establish. Second, there is a continuous distribution of the species throughout the mountain ranges that run longitudinally along the Baja California peninsula from the United States border down to the southern tip. We collected one male specimen of E. underwoodi in xeric-riparian habitat. We suggest a continuous distribution pattern of this species along the cliffs in the Baja California peninsula.


A theoretical analysis is carried out for the divide/combine depolarization-induced-fading technique of an interferometric fiber-optic sensor. A processing method that adds the squared signals from various channels and thus can achieve real-time signal detection of unit and array by means of depolarization-induced-fading technique is proposed. The theoretical calculation shows the maximum fluctuation amplitude of the interferometric signal can be less than 4.7dB and a conclusion that three-channel polarization is the simplest value of divide/combine detection is obtained. Through signal processing circuit, the effect of polariza tion-induced-fading technique can be eliminated and the depolarization-induced-fading of an interferometric fiber-optic sensor can be achieved with a few SNR dropping. The scheme of divide/combine detection used for array is designed.


The SIGCSE Board is pleased to share the results of the 2015 Travel Grant Program that provides up to $500 in travel support to Faculty who have never attended the SIGCSE symposium. This cycle there were ten applications, from which six awards were given. All six award recipients attended the 2015 Symposium.


Background Allergen immunotherapy (IT) is a key component of allergy practice of allergy. Canadian fellows-in-training have expressed concern that they receive inadequate exposure to IT in their training programs. Methods Canadian fellows-in-training in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, identified through the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (CSACI), were contacted via email to complete a pilot survey (using survey monkey) to assess their exposure to, experience with, and comfort level in using IT. Results Sixty-nine Canadian fellows-in-training were invited to complete the survey and 16 (23%) completed at least part of the survey. Fifty-four percent of 13 respondents were in their first year of fellowship. Fifty percent of 12 respondents were internal medicine trained. Eighty-three percent of 12 respondents acknowledged exposure to IT during their training. Eighty percent of 10 respondents had previously written a prescription for IT; 71% and 43% of 7 respondents had written 1 to 5 prescriptions for aeroallergen and stinging venom IT, respectively. Only 50% of 12 respondents felt comfortable prescribing IT. The most common reason cited was lack of experience; however, one respondent wrote that he/she would feel uncomfortable prescribing IT without using the standardized hospital IT form. Sixty-seven percent of 12 respondents had previously administered IT to a patient. Sixteen percent of 12 respondents felt uncomfortable administering IT due to lack of experience. Fifty percent of 12 respondents had treated a patient having an allergic reaction to IT and 100% of these same respondents felt "somewhat comfortable" to "very comfortable" in responding to an allergic reaction to IT. Seventy-five percent of 12 respondents agreed that a formal clinical rotation in IT would be helpful. Conclusions The results of this pilot survey demonstrate that Canadian fellows-in-training in Allergy and Clinical Immunology are not receiving adequate exposure and training in IT. Future studies will help to explore this subject in more detail.


Semiconductor devices are constantly responding to the demand for "faster, cheaper, smaller." Devices are expected to deliver more functionality at greater speed in smaller dimensions as consumer electronics become increasingly complex and more compact. In the past these demands have largely been met through miniaturization of circuits and their components. However, in recent years 3D integration in the form of wire bond and flip-chip stacking has made its way into mainstream semiconductor manufacturing to address the limitations of physical scaling while delivering greater performance and functionality.


The field of IOT (Internet of things) have been developing fastly,RFID havebeen used as a important means of datacolletion of DTE.My project use S52 SCM combined with technically matured RF chips achieved the testing platform wholly both in hardware and software,After experimental verification basically met the expected goal.


Because of wide-ranging changes in demographics, family structure and the financing and delivery of health service, long-term care has emerged as an important concern for health and public policy. But long-term care has lacked a conceptual foundation that public policy analysts and families can draw upon to shape its development. This text examines how community-based long-term care can develop constructively in an environment in which expanded public financing is an unlikely option. The authors begin by discussing the history, financing and delivery of long-term care. Chapters propose strategies for strengthening home- and community-based services: expanding cash payments and more extensive self-financing, expanding the use of assistive technology and supported housing, and increasing the use of volunteers. Examining all aspects of current medical and home care services, the authors propose a model for home care which maximizes cost-effective delivery of reliable services tailored to individual needs. Unlike current health care programmes, their proposal builds on new insurance options to show how reallocating personal resources can make home care costs comparable to those of a nursing home but allow the individual greater personal freedom.


We examine 4 years (2011–2014) of sea surface heights (SSH) from CryoSat-2 (CS-2) over the ice-covered Arctic and Southern Oceans. Results are from a procedure that identifies and determines the heights of sea surface returns. Along 25 km segments of satellite ground tracks, variability in the retrieved SSHs is between ∼2 and 3 cm (standard deviation) in the Arctic and is slightly higher (∼3 cm) in the summer and the Southern Ocean. Average sea surface tilts (along these 25 km segments) are 0.01 ± 3.8 cm/10 km in the Arctic, and slightly lower (0.01 ± 2.0 cm/10 km) in the Southern Ocean. Intra-seasonal variability of CS-2 dynamic ocean topography (DOT) in the ice-covered Arctic is nearly twice as high as that of the Southern Ocean. In the Arctic, we find a correlation of 0.92 between 3 years of DOT and dynamic heights (DH) from hydrographic stations. Further, correlation of 4 years of area-averaged CS-2 DOT near the North Pole with time-variable ocean-bottom pressure from a pressure gauge and from GRACE, yields coefficients of 0.83 and 0.77, with corresponding differences of <3 cm (RMS). These comparisons contrast the length scale of baroclinic and barotropic features and reveal the smaller amplitude barotropic signals in the Arctic Ocean. Broadly, the mean DOT from CS-2 for both poles compares well with those from the ICESat campaigns and the DOT2008A and DTU13MDT fields. Short length scale topographic variations, due to oceanographic signals and geoid residuals, are especially prominent in the Arctic Basin but less so in the Southern Ocean.


Data redundancy is crucial for the success of state estimation (SE): for achievement of good and reliable estimates, for efficient processing bad data. The paper presents the review of the methods for measurement placement design assuring adequate data redundancy levels for state estimation. For each of the considered methods, the made assumptions, utilized approach, principles and features are analyzed. After the mentioned methods are characterized, results of their comparison are described.


A bacterial strain showing strong antifungal activity was isolated from yellow loess and was identified as Paenibacillus kribbensis CU01. Insoluble mucoidal polymers were separated from M9 culture medium via low‐speed centrifugation. Most antifungal activity was associated with substances in the insoluble precipitate, which was purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Purified fractions were analyzed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Two major ion peaks with mass‐to‐charge ratio values (m/z) at 883.6 and 897.6 were revealed. After alkaline hydrolysis and sequence analysis, two cyclic depsipeptides were identified as, fusaricidin A and fusaricidin B. Their production was significantly increased by the addition of glucose, Fe2+, and Mn2+ to M9 medium. Maximum concentrations of produced fusaricidin A and fusaricidin B at flask‐scale comprised 460 mg L−1 and 118 mg L−1, respectively: the highest production concentrations yet reported in the literature. This demonstrates that P. kribbensis CU01 has enormous commercial potential for the mass production of fusaricidin.


The majority of European scholars accept that the European Union (EU) operates at several different administrative levels and exhibits some features of 'governance'. However, they disagree, often fundamentally, about the precise relationships between activities at different levels. This article critically examines the popular claim that the EU has evolved into a system of multi-level governance as opposed to state-led government. The 'governance turn' that has swept through European studies in the last 10 years has opened up substantial new avenues of inquiry as analysts have begun comparing the policy dynamics within and between sectors and/or levels of the EU. However, it remains unclear whether multi-level governance is a general feature of the EU or a phenomenon confined to particular sectors and/or levels.


The objective of this research was to examine spatial patterns of soil erosion, identify erosion hotspots and investigate the impact of land use changes on spatial patterns of soil erosion in the Jimma zone, Western Ethiopia. The area is one of the regions that produce coffee which is an export commodity and known for its good forest cover and undulating topography. Additionally, the rivers in the area are currently being developed for hydropower generation and more hydropower projects have been proposed by government downstream. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) coupled with GIS was used to identify areas that are susceptible for soil erosion and hotspots for erosion. The impact of land cover change was assessed through the analysis of readily available NDVI imagery. About 14.3 and 18.1 percent of the area fall in the very high erosion risk class (>50 metric tons ha-1yr-1) for the years periods (2001 and 2013) considered for this study respectively. Moreover, the total soil loss in the study area (1,824,878 ha) for the year 2001 and 2013 was found to be 90.2 x 10 6 and 115.9 x 10 6 metric tons respectively. The result of the analysis indicates that within 10 years period (2001-2013), there was an increment in erosion potentials (susceptibility) and parts especially with undulating topography where crop production practiced is much susceptible for erosion. More interestingly, four out of five districts with very high erosion susceptibility levels are those that drain to a reservoir of one of the important hydro power plant that have cascading dams downstream and calls for immediate intervention.


Background: Osteochondral lesions of the knee- a lesion of the subchondral bone that may involve partial or total separation of a fragment of the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone from the articular surface - is an increasingly recognized cause of knee pain and joint dysfunction. The aim of this study is to discuss the high-resolution MRI with its new evolving sequences, highlighting its pivotal role in evaluation and characterization of different morphological patterns, and pathological types of osteochondral lesions around the knee joint. Methods: This study included 50 patients, all were subjected to full history taking, complete clinical assessment and MRI assessment. Results : This study included 32 (64%) males and 18 (36%) females. According to age there were 13 (26%) with age less than 30, 7 (14%) with age ranged from 30 to 40, 12 (24%) from 40 to 50 and 18 (36%) with age more than 50 years with mean age 42.96 (±17.29) and range (11-78). The sensitivity of MRI in diagnosis of Osteochondral Lesions around the Knee was 95%, specificity was 76.7%, PPV was 86.3%, NPV was 96.4% and accuracy was 92%, Conclusion : MRI has the advantage of not utilizing ionizing radiation and gives a superior detail state of cartilage, the underlying bone plates, associated edema, signs of instability. This could be guide for treatment as well as the diagnosis, and could be used as prognostic indicator for the disease process. In our opinion, MRI is golden tool for diagnosis, classification and follow up of osteochondral lesion.


Explain why is art usually an inferior investment to common stocks; how have artists through the centuries acted as entrepreneurs without sacrificing their art; what is the true meaning of the art auction; why does government subsidy make sense?


Vegetation and soil properties and their associated changes through time and space affect the various stages of soil erosion. The island of Ishigaki in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan is of particular concern because of the propensity of the red‐soil‐dominated watersheds in the area to contribute substantial sediment discharge to adjacent coastal areas. This paper discusses the application of remote sensing techniques in the retrieval of vegetation and soil parameters necessary for the distributed soil‐loss modelling in small agricultural catchments and analyses the variation in erosional patterns and sediment distribution during rainfall events using numerical solutions of overland flow simulations and sediment continuity equations. To account for the spatial as well as temporal variability of selected parameters of the soil‐loss equations, a method is proposed to account for the variability of associated vegetation cover based on their spectral characteristics as captured by remotely sensed data. To allow for complete spatial integration, modelling the movement of sediment is accomplished under a loose‐coupled GIS computational framework. This study lends a theoretical support and empirical evidence to the role of vegetation as a potential agent for soil erosion control. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The planning is one of the important parts of urban-rural integration. The practice of Chengdu demonstrates that planning administration weighs more than planning compilation in construction guidance. Besides, only if planning coordinates with other departments can it better play its role. Meanwhile, the spatial implementation of other policies needs the help of planning. This article demonstrates it by summarizing Chengdu's experience.


This paper examines the problem of longevity in pacemaker batteries. A mathematical model is elaborated. Several variations of stimulus currents and time are imposed and their results are studied. The given simulations show the effect of the current pulses on the charge consumption and the battery longevity. The range of values which assure the best system performance and the best battery protection from wear and depreciation is also discussed.


This paper exposes a novel method has been developed during these 2 years. The method is named as "adjective based automatic rating system". This method is developed to utilize the abundant availability of text on the internet for quality and performance rating purpose. The text is processed in such a way and leave only the adjectives. Semantic analysis is done by two knowledge: adjectives of performance definition and Indonesian adjectives database with its synonym-antonym relation. This research proposes several formula steps, therefore the method output is a rating score that can be tunned its scale. The experiment results have been gathered for several objects: tourism, courier service, and organization performance. With detail information in tourism object experiment, this paper cites the other experiment results as well. This paper also provides availability information of the method as Python library. The results show a high correlation score, always more than 0.9. The results also show acceptable error scores, never more than 45%.


The majority of potentially preventable deaths after trauma are related to hemorrhage and occur early after injury, with the largest number of deaths occurring before hospital arrival. Approximately one‐fourth of trauma deaths may be potentially preventable through early medical and surgical interventions. Interventions dedicated to bleeding control and hemostatic resuscitation have demonstrated merit in decreasing hemorrhagic injury mortality. Advancing these novel strategies to the casualty in the prehospital phase of care, particularly in tactical or austere environments, may prove beneficial for hemorrhage mitigation to temporize the window of survival to definitive care. Future studies of resuscitation and survival after traumatic injury must include analysis of prehospital deaths to fully understand the outcomes of early interventions.


Metal-tip-array field emission cathodes with non-integrated mesh gates are proposed to be the electron sources for X-ray tubes. The cathodes theoretically have better emission uniformity than carbon nanotubes (CNTs) cathodes which are most used in field emission X-ray tubes and work more stable than cathodes with near-integrated gate. The cathodes are fabricated mainly based on Spindt cathodes process in present and the process is expected to be simplified in further research.


Vascular plant biomass or lignocellulosic biomass is the world's most abundant renewable carbon source. Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to reduce the use of fossil fuels and the production of greenhouse gasses. Currently, pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass is converted to ethanol in a four-step process: (1) production of glycosylhydrolase enzymes for polysaccharide hydrolysis; (2) hydrolysis of the polysaccharide component of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars; (3) fermentation of hexose sugars; and (4) fermentation of pentose sugars. A major contributor to the high cost of cellulosic ethanol is the cellulase enzymes produced in step 1 and used in step 2 to hydrolyze cellulose into fermentable sugars. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is a process that uses an organism or organisms that can both produce the enzymes for hydrolysis of the cellulosic component of plant biomass into fermentable glucose, and ferment the glucose into ethanol. CBP-competent Saccharomyces cerevisiae should dramatically reduce the cost of cellulosic ethanol production by bypassing the need for separate steps for cellulase enzyme production, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The goal of my research is to contribute to the development of S. cerevisiae strains for application in the production of renewable cellulosic ethanol using the one-step CBP process. This work describes: the construction of recombinant S. cerevisiae strains that are capable of efficiently expressing a fungal β-glucosidase and are therefore capable of using cellobiose as their sole carbon source; the identification and cloning of a library of 25 heterologous fungal endoglucanases; screening S. cerevisiae transformants expressing the library of cloned endoglucanases for transformants that could produced functional secreted endoglucanase activity; coding region optimization of 5 endoglucanase genes that were able to produce functional endoglucanase in S. cerevisiae; the construction of recombinant S. cerevisiae strains that are capable of producing both functional β-glucosidase and endoglucanase at levels sufficient for using the soluble cellulosic polymer carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-4M) as a sole carbon source; and, the identification of several heterologous fungal cellobiohydrolase ORFs that can express functional secreted cellobiohydrolase in S. cerevisiae.


Paddy is the major crop growing in upper krishna project command area. The growing of long duration rice varieties consumes more irrigation water than short duration varieties which lead to soil salinization and water scarcity problem among tail end farmers. Hence, ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Yadgir conducted two years field trials on assessment of different varieties under different sowing methods during 2018 and 2019 kharif seasons. The design consist five genotypes viz, GNV 1089 (V1), RNR 15048 (V2), BPT 5204 (V3), GGV-05-01 (V4) and SIRI 1253 (V5) as main plot and different sowing methods viz., traditional transplanting rice (TTR) and direct seeded rice (DSR) as sub plot. A spilt plot design was used at different cluster villages at selected farmer's field. The observations on crop yield and quantity of water applied were recorded. The pooled data of two seasons showed that, highest average grain yield 6184 kg/ha was recorded in GNV 1089 (V1) followed by GGV-05-01 (V4) and lowest average grain yield 5524 kg/ha in V3. The highest water productivity was recorded in GNV 1089 (5.90 kg/ha/ mm) under DSR and least was in BPT 5204 (4.30 kg/ha/mm). The study revealed that, more crop yield and water productivity can be achieved in short duration variety under DSR method. The highest B:C ratio (2.76) was recorded under GNV 1089 (V1) of DSR and lowest B:C ratio (1.30) under SIRI 1253 (V5) of TTR over rest of the treatments. There was a significant difference in B:C ratio of 1.46 under TTR over DSR method. The farmers were satisfied with GNV 1089 crop performance due to its early harvest and less consumption of irrigation water. Growing of GNV 1089 under DSR method in command area will reduces the water scarcity problem and increase the farm income by using less crop inputs.


Web reinforcement of frame joints is the main factor to ensure shear capacity of joints.Because the web reinforcement is missed or lessened due to some reasons,the antiseismic function of framed structure is weakened.The reasons of missing binding web reinforcement are analysed and measures of prevention and treatment are suggested in this paper.


The article is devoted to the subject only fragmentarily developed in the national historiography, especially in regard to its regional dimension. The study is conducted on materials of three regional and one federal archives of Russia: the State archive of the Sverdlovsk region, the Russian state archive of economics, Territorial body of Federal state statistics service for Sverdlovsk region and the Centre of documentation of public organizations of Sverdlovsk region with the assistance of the scientific and publicistic literature. The relevance of the topic is determined by its known importance for the social sciences, especially history, sociology and law. Scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that the new materials discovered by the author in these archives are introduced into scientific usage. It is argued that industrial discipline and criminality as social phenomena are traditionally researched by representatives of sciences such as law and sociology. It is stated that only several works can be mentioned within the historians' works dedicated to the problems studied in the article within the USSR and the Sverdlovsk region in the specified period. It is declared that the choice of the research subject, in addition to a lack of historical research, is caused by the very significant role of rail transport in the economy. It is noted that one of the features of rail transport is the concentration in the sphere of its operation the large amounts of wealth. It is emphasized that the very specific nature of the functioning of the railways places high demands on the discipline of their personnel. It is proved that in the studied period the USSR was slowly overcoming the consequences of the Great Patriotic war. It is concluded that on the railroad the level of discipline was somewhat higher, and the level of crime was lower than in other sectors of the economy.


When a nation experiences changes through growth and economic development due to internal expansion and global competition it influences government administration and how its leadership copes. Government leaders are required to innovate and transform the public service to ensure efficient and effective service delivery and the overall well-being of the state.The results of innovation in public service have contributed to enhancing public experience and making public service reliable, easier and transparent.Policy and law,
leadership, socioeconomic environment and citizen participation are vital conditions for innovation and transformation to be achieved and carried out.The process of decentralization is encouraged when a nation progresses and government administration is expected to innovate and transform in order to be sustainable and to remain relevant.This is necessary when the local community becomes more complex and public services need to be carried out and fulfilled


ABSTRACT This study investigates how pre-service teachers of English as a foreign language do correction during their initial teaching practice at lower-secondary schools. The study employs multimodal conversation analysis on a dataset of 16 lessons taught by three pre-service teachers in Czechia. The analysis focuses specifically on how the teachers orient to the task format when doing correction in answer-check sequences. It demonstrates how the teachers employ talk, gesture and gaze to make the task format (such as fill-in-the-blanks, matching) relevant and thereby use the materials as points of reference as well as resources for structuring classroom discourse. This use of materials contributes to the completion of the correction sequences. It is concluded that (over-)reliance on teaching materials and limited flexibility, which can be observed in not accepting alternative answers produced by learners, seem to be manifestations of some of the traits of pre-service teachers' performance.