This chapter begins to build a framework for understanding the relation between conversion and a key structure of early modern thought: theatrical performance. Taking early modern London as a specific focus, the analysis considers the embeddedness of conversional thinking within the city's concentration of media resources, placing particular emphasis on the ability of theatrical affordances to facilitate creative experimentation and critical examination around received categories of identity. The central text under consideration is Dekker and Middleton's The Honest Whore, but the analysis is also generally applicable to the theatrical culture and broader media environment of early modern London.


A study was made of the transesterification reaction of soybean oil by means of methanol, using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Under the same experiment parameters: alcohol/oil ratio 15% (15g / 100g), catalyst concentration 0.5 wt % , stirring speeds 500rpm, reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 2 hours, the conductivity, pH value and transmittance of reactants were measured continuously during transesterification. The results revealed that transmittance could be taken as an indicator to estimate the conversion rate of fatty acid methylesters (FAME or biodiesel). The relationship between transmission coefficient and conversion rate of biodiesel can be described by 32 農業機械學刊 第15卷 第2期 2006年6月 =0.125 16990 6566.5 where y is the conversion rate of biodiesel and x is the transmission coefficient of reactant defined within 0.409~0.522. This equation can be a reference for on-line monitor for biodiesel production.


Galfenol is an alloy of iron and gallium which possesses a unique combination of structural strength and significant magnetostriction. This alloy can be machined, welded and extruded into complex geometries opening up avenues for a new class of load-bearing transducers with 3D functionality. This work addresses the development of an advanced modeling tool to aid in the design of Galfenol transducers. The model describes the full nonlinear coupling between the electrical, magnetic and mechanical domains in 3D Galfenol structures, yielding complete system input-output relationships. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetics and Navier's equations for mechanical systems are formulated in weak form. An energy-averaged constitutive model is employed to relate magnetization and strain to magnetic field and stress in the Galfenol domain. The overall system is approximated hierarchically; first, piecewise linearization is used to describe quasi-static responses and magnetic bias calculations. A linear dynamic solution with piezomagnetic coefficients computed at the bias point describes the system dynamics for moderate inputs. Dynamic responses at large input fields and stresses are described through an implicit dynamic solution based on the trapezoidal rule. The model equations are solved on a commercial finite element solver. A case study consisting of a Galfenol unimorph is presented which illustrates the model's ability to describe transient dynamic responses.


This paper presents the experimental evidence of the formation of rotating spiral flames with premixed methane-air mixtures introduced at the center of the two parallel circular quartz plates which are separated by a millimeter scale distance (≤5mm). Both plates are externally heated to create a positive wall temperature gradient in the flow direction to resemble heat recirculation through solid walls, which is a requisite to obtain stabilized combustion in microburners. Contrary to the general perception of a stable premixed flame front at a radial location, a variety of nonstationary flame propagation modes are observed. For lower mixture flow rates and a range of mixture equivalence ratios, a radial flame propagation mode is observed with simultaneous presence of two circular flames at different radial locations. For higher flow rates, a rotating spiral flame propagation mode is observed. In addition to radial and spiral flame propagation modes, random and unsymmetrical flame oscillations are also obse...


Let 𝓅 be a Poisson process of intensity one in a square S n of area n. We construct a random geometric graph G n,k by joining each point of 𝓅 to its k ≡ k(n) nearest neighbours. Recently, Xue and Kumar proved that if k ≤ 0.074 log n then the probability that G n, k is connected tends to 0 as n → ∞ while, if k ≥ 5.1774 log n, then the probability that G n, k is connected tends to 1 as n → ∞. They conjectured that the threshold for connectivity is k = (1 + o(1)) log n. In this paper we improve these lower and upper bounds to 0.3043 log n and 0.5139 log n, respectively, disproving this conjecture. We also establish lower and upper bounds of 0.7209 log n and 0.9967 log n for the directed version of this problem. A related question concerns coverage. With G n, k as above, we surround each vertex by the smallest (closed) disc containing its k nearest neighbours. We prove that if k ≤ 0.7209 log n then the probability that these discs cover S n tends to 0 as n → ∞ while, if k ≥ 0.9967 log n, then the probability that the discs cover S n tends to 1 as n → ∞.


Abstract : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships among FFE temperatures and body temperatures during exercise in moderate, warm and hot air temperatures. Male subjects (n=10) attempted three trials of 20-min rest, 20-min exercise, 20-min recovery, 20-min exercise and 20-min recovery. Subjects wore complete FFE and respired using a positive-pressure breathing apparatus. Exercise treadmill walking (1.1 msEXP -1/0% grade), occurred in 50% relative humidity (RH) and dry-bulb (Tsub db) temperatures of 21 degrees C (MOD), 35 degrees C (WARM), and 48 degrees C (HOT), while seat rest and recovery occurred in 27 degrees C air. All subjects completed the test during the MOD and WARM trials. Only 4 subjects completed the HOT trials. ANCOVA revealed (1) significant trial, exercise period, and trial-by-exercise period effects for HR, T(sub re), and HS; (2) significant trial and trial-by-exercise period effects for T(sub msk); and (3) significant trial effects for T(sub 0), T(sub M), and T(sub 1) FFE temperatures. Our findings suggest that exercise T(sub re) in subjects wearing FFE is related to dry-bulb temperature and heat storage. This information may predict stay times during exposure to extreme conditions. This information has implications for the development of future FFE designs, and the construction of heat strain models.


Suday, O cber 8, 2017 INTRODUCTION: Explantation after prosthetic breast reconstruction may be performed due to various reasons including postoperative complications and patient request. The goals of this study were (1) to characterize a cohort of patients with device explantation after prosthetic breast reconstruction, (2) to perform a time based analysis of explantation, (3) to identify reasons for premature explantation, and (4) to review the bacteriology associated with explanted devices.


Enigmatic texts are allocated from the perspective of the culture of speech at first in Ukrainian linguistics, revealed the basic theoretical aspects of the study of communicative qualities of speech ща еру enigmatic texts and their role in the communicative act, isolated and found specific and general features of communicative qualities of speech of the enigmatic texts in all languages that are studied, analyzed the theoretical foundations culture of the speech. Communication skills of the riddles in different languages are considered as an objective method of communication and influence on the speaker.


The Chinese ancient tradition of dezhi is composed of two aspects. One is that it requires the Regi-ment set itself an example and pay attention to cultivate their morality and be industrious to administra-tion, called "yidefuren", which fully exerts its function of moral reforming. The other is to attach impor-tance to the moral cultivation to the folk, wei zheng yi de and virtue subjecting to punishment. The former neglect the human nature and it is too ideal that it attempt to achieve honest government and indus-trious government by moral consciousness solely, thus the combination of ruling by virtue and legal system is needed. While the latter owns the folk - based thought and the way of moral cultivation with family -ethic tie, which is worth to use for reference. However, we should distinguish the folk - base from de-mocracy lest canonize morality excessively to moralize the law. Rule of law consists of double meaning of instrumental value and ideological value. So ruling of law and ruling by virtue supplement and promote each other at the instrumental virtue level.


Recently Adams and Lundy 1 described the catheter technic for continuous caudal anesthesia. The method they described involved the use of a 13 gage Love-Barker spinal needle and a number 5 ureteral catheter. We 2 have used this method in over 250 obstetric cases without any serious complications. There are, however, some objections: 1. The caliber of the needle is such that it is difficult to insert it into the caudal canal. 2. If there is difficulty in locating the caudal foramen and it becomes necessary to reinsert the needle, considerable trauma ensues. As a result, patients complain of soreness at the site of insertion during the first few days post partum. Recently we have overcome this difficulty and simplified the technic considerably by employing a 15 gage needle with obturator and a number 4 ureteral catheter. It is much easier to insert a small caliber needle into the caudal


The increasing abundance of human genetic data has shown that the geographical patterns of worldwide genetic diversity are best explained by human expansion out of Africa. This expansion is modelled well by prolonged migration from a single origin in Africa with multiple subsequent serial founding events. We discuss a new simulation model for the serial founder effect out of Africa and compare it with results from previous studies. Unlike previous models, we distinguish colonization events from the continued exchange of people between occupied territories as a result of mating. We conduct a search through parameter space to estimate the range of parameter values that best explain key statistics from published data on worldwide variation in microsatellites. The range of parameters we use is chosen to be compatible with an out-of-Africa migration at 50–60 Kyr ago and archaeo–ethno–demographic information. In addition to a colonization rate of 0.09–0.18, for an acceptable fit to the published microsatellite data, incorporation into existing models of exchange between neighbouring populations is essential, but at a very low rate. A linear decay of genetic diversity with geographical distance from the origin of expansion could apply to any species, especially if it moved recently into new geographical niches.


Sh., 3 years, male child, reported to the hospital with the complaint of swelling right side of face for 6 months. The swelling started on the right side of hard palate and gradually increased in size producing deformity of the right side of face (Fig. i). On clinical examination, there was a diffuse swelling on the right side of the face. The swelling felt hard and was 2 inches in diameter. There was no evidence of bony erosion clinically. Right side of the hard palate was bulged. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed medial displacement of the lateral wall of nose producing


Welding is an important element of the long-distance natural gas pipeline project.Welding quality affect the reliability and operational safety of the pipeline.This paper analyzes the features of the welding methods commonly used in longdistance natural gas pipeline projects,and by considering the factors of pipeline's material,specification and status in welding construction site,it summs up each suitable welding method.


Restricted by computer programs with or without damper elements in structural analysis of energy dissipation devices under frequent and rare earthquakes,there are no proper linear analysis methods to solve the problem for now.At present,analysis methods for structures with energy dissipation devices are mainly the dynamic history analysis and elastic-plastic dynamic history analysis. These two methods are difficult to use in analyzing the structures with energy dissipation devices and is more time-consuming.Referring to the standard FEMA 356 of USA,this paper puts forward a new "Equivalent Linear Analysis Method" for structures with energy dissipation devices based on the building code of China(GB 50011-2010).This paper also presents a new substitute model of damper analysis,which can effectively simulate the behavior of dampers during strong earthquakes using the effective plastic hinge.These methods can not only simplify and shorten the complex procedures during analyzing the structures with energy dissipation devices but also avoid the restriction of computer programs.The proposed method enables the engineers to analyze the structural behavior on the programs without damper elements and consequently accelerates the application of energy dissipation technology.In addition,this paper shows the example using the new method for analysis of building with energy dissipation devices to prove its feasibility.


Based on the horn antenna and a cavity-backed monopole, a shared aperture dual linearly polarized antenna is proposed in this paper. The horn antenna is fed by an L-shaped monopole, which can generate horizontally polarized radiation. A monopole is placed on the sidewall of the horn to achieve vertically polarized radiation. The horn antenna also acts as a reflector or cavity to the monopole antenna, which enhances the gain of the monopole. High isolation is achieved due to orthogonal polarization between the two ports. Measured results show that the antenna has a -10dB impedance bandwidth of 42.4% (3.5GHz-5.44GHz) for both polarization states. Peak gains of 9.1dBi and 10.2dBi were achieved for the two polarization configuration, respectively. The antenna exhibits an all-metal structure. As a result, the average efficiency is higher than -1dB from 3.5 to 5.5 GHz. The proposed antenna features dual-polarization, wide bandwidth, and low cost, good gain, which can be widely used in 5G communication systems.


This report discusses the following topics on superconductivity: nonlinearities in hard superconductors such as surface impedance of a type II superconductimg half space and harmonic generation and intermodulation due to alternating transport currents; and nonlinearities in superconducting weak links such as harmonic generation by a long Josephson Junction in a superconducting slab.


The mathematical formula for the martensitic transformation from cubic phase to tetragonal, orthorhombic and monoclinic martensite was derived in the light of phenomenological theory. The computer simulation had been made of a typical thermoelastic material TiNi by advanced several possible martensitic transformation models. They are K_l=(111)_M, (111)_M (twinned crystal type Ⅰ) and η_l=[110]_M (type Ⅱ) on the TiNi(β) where the structural mode of the martensite is characterized by the lattice parameters being a=0.2889, b=0.4120, c=0.4622nm and β=96.8°; and K_l=(111)_M, (111)_M (type Ⅰ)on theTiNi(γ) where the structural mode of the martensite is characterized by the lattice parameters being a=0.2885, b=0.4622,c=0.4120nm and γ=96.8°. Both of them are capable of satisfying the requirements that the interphase interface is the plane of zero average distortion, and are found to be in agreement with the available experimental results given by the other authors.


This paper discusses the required bidder′s qualification for railway locomotive rolling stock products and briefly analyzes the reason,thereby it provides the relating companies with the reference when they choose the qualified bidder in purchasing the railway locomotive rolling stock products.


Higher-form symmetry breaking and holographic flavour Nabil Iqbal ∗ and Kieran Macfarlane † Centre for Particle Theory, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK Abstract We study the realisation of higher-form symmetries in the holographic dual of gauge theories coupled to probe matter in the fundamental. We particularly focus on the dual of U(N) gauge theory coupled to fundamental matter. We demonstrate the existence of a continuous 1-form symmetry associated with the conservation of magnetic flux and show that this symmetry is spontaneously broken in the IR when the flavour degrees of freedom are gapped. We numerically compute the spectral function of the 2-form current and demonstrate the existence of the associated Goldstone mode. We compare to expectations at weak-coupling.


By using very flexible insulated wire instead of thread it has been possible to knit complete garments, such as pants and vests, which are electrically continuous. Such a garment can be employed for measuring mean skin temperature by using it as a resistance thermometer. With careful knitting the number of stitches per unit area, and hence the length of wire per unit area, will be constant so that good integration is obtained. Copper has a resistance temperature coefficient of 0-4 %/0 C; a typical set of 'wire underwear' (vest and pants) has a resistance of 180 Q. A simple resistance bridge or recorder will therefore give a resolution of a fraction of 10 C. The method was developed to enable continuous integrated skin temperature measurements to be made on working human subjects on an Antarctic expedition. In such a situation the conventional method of attaching a number of thermocouples to selected sites and weighting the individual measurements arithmetically to obtain mean temperature would be very difficult to apply.


The purpose of this article is a division of Poland into areas with different economic and social conditions and the identification of the areas which may aspire to the name of metropolis. Initial division of Polish territorial units was made on the basis of statistical data on the labor market, wages, public utilities, education, health care, environment, culture, industry and construction. These data were subjected to standardization and were verified as to whether represent a normal distribution. Then the discriminatory power of the variables were examined and parameters of the linear discriminant function were estimated. The highest average value of the discriminant function indicates the area most developed in terms of the examined features. Territorial units that belong to this complex are metropolises or aspire to being them. For each area, the classification functions were estimated and on their basis the final division was made. The allocation to the sub-region was mainly determined by variables such as density of population, unemployment rate, average flat surface and the number of entrepreneurs. In the first group are territorial units that belong already to the metropolitan areas. Subsequent numbers indicate areas with increasingly less economic and social development.


ministry in particular. At this point, people seem tired of hearing about "burnout" but the stress remains . . . and needs to be dealt with on a continual basis. William Hulme's book Managing Stress in Ministry is a carefully written book on the topic. It deserves attention not only because the issue is so important but because he has developed a book which is based on an appropriate integration of sound psychological principles and theological tenets. The book is well suited to M. Div. curricula, but given the inexperience of seminary students at that point, it probably would fit better in a Th.M. program, a graduate program in pastoral counseling, an ongoing formation program for those in active ministry, or as part of one's own spiritual reading/personal development. However, no matter how it is used, it must be read in a committed fashion. By that I mean, it must be read, underlined, sections must be extracted and reflected upon, and it must be referred to over a period of time. The topic is one which demands this kind of serious treatment. Moreover, if the above steps are not taken, the result may well be an intellectual grasp that stress should be managed, but a failure to incorporate the approaches and philosophies presented with the goal in mind of aiding in personal stress reduction. Hulme not only seems to recognize this in the writing of his book, but beyond it he helps us remember as persons in ministry to look for God everywhere . . . even amidst tension, turmoil, stress. He notes at one point, "It may seem ironic that in the midst of church crises clergy should lose their consciousness of God's presence. Actually, however, being clergy in this context is really no different from being in any other occupation, even though the situation is more obviously religious. The stress that clergy feel, like the stress that others feel, can block one's awareness of God. What we do or what others are doing at these moments replaces our awareness that God is also doing something. In the midst of congregational tensions, believers sometimes become functional atheists" (60). Practical steps to limit unnecessary distress and find the Lord amidst the natural pain of the inevitable stress that comes in intense ministry are contained in this book. Hulme seeks to help us put our life in better perspective by getting control of it, by letting go of our illusions, and by taking steps to respond to Grace. In this context, stress is not merely a distraction but an actual opportunity for modeling ministry in a world which can be so overwhelming much of the time. I applaud Hulme for his efforts and his gift of self in this book.


We consider two different manufacturing techniques developed screw piles ACSYS. The order of devices of this type of piles. Describes the advantages of the pile ACSYS in comparison to other existing precast, vibrodent and rammed piles. Marked features of work in a structurally unstable soils.


An analysis is developed on the unfavorable condition that is produced from the locking position of burner boom combined with wind direction, using the KFX software to do the CFD simulation on heat radiation. Under the conditions without water curtain and with designed water curtain, it researches and compares the impact of low, medium and high speed wind condition on heat radiation. Based on the results of analysis, the water curtain is optimized and the simulation on heat radiation is re-done on the optimized design. According to the results, the optimized water curtain can efficiently reduce the heat radiation impact on the platform, which improves the survival capacity of the platform.


The theoretical concept advanced by E. Benveniste contributed to the acknowledgement of a special status for lexical syntagmas as units of functioning within the discourse and the language. Starting from the Benevistian postulate of synapsy, we define a new procedure of lexical formation – synaptation – which we designate as a basic procedure in the syntagmatic derivation in our technical scientific languages. We have found that synaptation is the most productive procedure in the formation of terms in specialty languages, because it turns out to be a complex denotative construction, which allows for the detailed specification of the designate and for the series classification by their distinctive features.


The initial goal was to devise an engineering classification system for intact rock samples based on simple index tests which could be used to categorize Kentucky surface and near-surface rock types and assist Kentucky Department of Transportation personnel in planning for transportation facilities. While conducting the literature survey, several facts become apparent: (1) a large number of rock classification systems, geologic and technical, general and specific, already existed; (2) an equally large number of index tests had been devised; and (3) there was a lack of communication among those involved in specialized areas of rock-related work (geologists, civil engineers, mining engineers, etc.), and, to some extent, among individuals within each field. It was evident from a careful study of existing classification systems and index testing procedures that developing yet another "specialized" classification system with associated index would not be a significant contribution. It was decided, therefore, to concentrate on development of an overall rock evaluation schema which, while useful for a specific purpose, would avoid the undesirable disparate characteristics of narrowness or over-generalization prevalent in many classification systems. It was desired also to develop the program format in such a way that accumulated information could be systematically stored for easy access and use. It was apparent that full development and implementation of a program of this nature would require years of further studies and cooperation of many individuals and organizations. Such a program, properly developed and used, would substantially contribute to an advancement and a delineation of the schema and guidelines for its implementation would be a worthy goal. /Author/


A mixture of host-range mutant (h-mutant) bacteriophages specific for tomato race 1 (T1) and race 3 (T3) of the bacterial spot pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye was evaluated for biological control of bacterial spot on 'Sun- beam' tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants and field-grown plants for two seasons (Fall 1997 and Fall 1998). Foliar applications of bacteriophages were compared with similar applications of water (control) and of copper/mancozeb bactericides, the commonly used chemical control strategy for tomato seedling and field production. In 1997, the incidence of bacterial spot on greenhouse-grown seedlings was reduced from 40.5% (control) to 5.5% or 0.9% for bactericide- or bacteriophage-treated plants, respectively. In 1998, the incidence of bacterial spot was 17.4% on control plants vs. 5.5% and 2.7% for bactericide- and bacteriophage-treated plants, respectively, although these differences were not statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05. Applications of bacteriophages to field-grown tomatoes decreased disease severity as measured by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) by 17.5% (1997) and 16.8% (1998) compared with untreated control plants. Preharvest plant vigor ratings, taken twice during each field season, were higher in the bacteriophage-treated plants than in either bactericide-treated plants or nontreated controls except for the early vigor rating in 1998. Use of bacteriophages increased total weight of extra-large fruit 14.9% (1997) and 24.2% (1998) relative to that of nontreated control plants, and 37.8% (1997) and 23.9% (1998) relative to that of plants treated with the chemical bactericides. Chemical names used: manganese, zinc, carboxy- ethylene bis dithiocarbamate (mancozeb). thwarted genetic approaches for providing stable resistance in commercial cultivars of tomatoes and peppers (Jones et al., 1995; Kousik and Ritchie, 1996; Pohronezny et al., 1992). Copper-containing bactericides have been used to control bacterial spot for many years, but their effectiveness has been ham- pered by the emergence of copper-resistant strains of the pathogen (Jones et al., 1991; Marco and Stall, 1983). The development of bacteria resistant to antibiotics and chemicals and concomitant reduction in efficacy of these bactericides has sustained interest in devel- oping alternative control strategies to combat bacterial diseases in vegetable crops. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that only invade bacteria. They are generally spe- cies or subspecies specific, do not infect nontarget, beneficial bacteria, and also are nontoxic to humans. As early as 1926 (Moore, 1926), bacteriophages were used as a biocontrol agent and were effective in con- trolling Stewart's disease in corn (Thomas, 1935). Using bacteriophages, Civerolo and Kiel (1969) reduced bacterial spot disease of peach seedlings caused by Xanthomonas oryzae by 86% to 100%. However, use of bacteriophages was abandoned because of the emergence of bacterial mutants resistant to the bacteriophages used and the develop- ment of successful control measures with antibiotics and other chemicals. An approach that uses a mixture of host-range mutant (h-


Kenneth Waltz was among the first scholars to treat International Relations (IR) theory as a valid political science discipline, one worthy of inclusion in the modern academy. Of course, foreign po...


Aim To establish an HPLC method for the determination of daidzei derivative DZ18 in rabbits' plasma.Methods The reserved C 18 column was used.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water-phosphoric acid(50∶50∶0.1).Detective wave was 260nm.Results The linear range was from 0 to 100μg·ml -1,r=0.999 8.The average recovery was above 89%.Conclusion The method can be used in the determination of daidzei derivative DZ18 in rabbits' plasma.


Immunoglobulin G dimers and immune complexes are dispensable for the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous immune globulin in murine immune thrombocytopenia. Page 261. Tremblay et al. investigate the therapeutic effects of IVIG on a mouse model of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). They compare an in-house preparation of human polyclonal IgG (nIgG), prepared under nondenaturing conditions and devoid of dimers or polymers, with preparations of commercial IVIG either enriched in dimers or monomers. All nIgG and IVIG preparations show similar efficiency to prevent ITP in mice. They also study the formation of immune complexes between mouse plasma proteins and IVIG, which is thought to contribute to the therapeutic effects. Compared to the IVIG preparations, nIgG mixed with mouse plasma leads to significantly lower detection of immune complexes, despite showing similar therapeutic efficiency. Hence, these results suggest that, contrary to what is believed, neither IgG dimers nor immune complex formation seem to play a predominant role in the therapeutic effects of IVIG in an ITP mouse model. [Please see the editorial by Dr. Branch in this issue.]


Spermatophylax appeared during copulation is a form of reproductive investments by male insects. We studied how nutrition status affects the investment in Gampsocleis gratiosa.Our experiments demonstrated:(1)The mass of wet spermatophore,wet spermatophylax,wet and dried ampulla, dried spermatophylax, which appeared during the first copulation, were significantly diffeent among different treatments. These results indicated that males in good nutrition status or of large size have advantage in female's cryptic choice.(2) There were less sexually active males than females when food is in short supply, which resulted in femalebiased operational sex ratio, supporting the sexdifference theory proposed by Trivers (1972) and the work by Gwynne (1990) and Simmons (1995).(3)Ampulla mass and spermatophylax mass were positively correlated to male hody mass, spermatophylax mass was positively correlated to ampulla mass, suggesting that the role of spermatophylax was, at least,to guarantee fertilaization.(4)The investment in ampulla (AM/BM) was negatively correlated to the investment in spermatophylax.(5)Fooddeprived males invested significantly higher in ampulla than that by high nutrition males, (6)Water contents were not significantly different between the treatments. Results(3),(4),(5) and (6) demonstrated that when limited by the food,males give their priority to the investment in sperms, to guarantee their reproductive success in female's cryptic choice and sperm competition.


Mucocutaneous diseases in the pediatric population are extremely rare and, hence, can have both psychological and behavioral bearing. Mucosal conditions in children include herpetic stomatitis, vesiculobullous lesions, aphthous and traumatic ulcerations, candidiasis, lichen planus, and drug-related mucosal lesions. This case report deals with a rare presentation of a 4-year-old child reporting with an extensive involvement of oral cavity with erythematous, ulcerative, and pigmented areas associated with drug intake.


Pamphlets for Pupil and Teacher Use About 100 Books. New York 16: Division of Youth Services, American Jewish Committee, 386 Fourth Avenue. 1949. 32 pp. Free. This bibliography, compiled for different age levels, was issued in response to requests by youth leaders, parents, and others concerned with education for better human relations. It is intended as a broad basis for the selection of reading materials describing different religious, ethnic, and racial groups, as well as those of different occupational and geographic settings.


OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy between moving cupping at Hechelu combined with rubbing method and western medication for depression of diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: Two hundred and sixteen patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 108 cases in each group. Patients in the observation group were treated with moving cupping at Hechelu combined with rubbing method, once every: other day; six treatments were considered as one course, and totally two courses were given with an interval of: 4 days between courses. Patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules, once a day for consecutive 4 weeks. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and TCM symptom score were measured before treatment, after the treatment and in follow-up visit one and a half months after treatment. The fasting blood glucose was tested before and after treatment. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was tested in the follow-up visit.


The high prevalence of chronic pain in society raises the need to develop new digital tools that can automatically and objectively assess pain intensity in individuals. These tools can contribute to an optimisation of clinical resources, as they offer cost-effective solutions for early detection, continuous monitoring, and treatment personalisation by utilising Artificial Intelligence techniques. In this work, we present our contribution to the Pain Intensity Estimation from Facial Expressions task of the EMOPAIN 2020 Challenge. Specifically, we compare the performance of Recurrent Neural Networks trained with standard or Curriculum Learning (CL) approaches to predict the pain intensity level of individuals reported in an 11-point scale from facial expressions. The results obtained using the test partition support the use of CL-based approaches in the automatic prediction of pain from facial features. The best model trained using a CL approach achieved a Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) of 0.196 in the test partition, while the model trained using a standard approach, without CL, achieved a CCC of 0.174. In terms of CCC, these results respectively represent an improvement of 0.136 and 0.114 on the best results of the baseline system reported by the Challenge organisers using the test partition.


Objective To explore the possible mechanism of immune damage in enteroviral encephalitis(EE) by examining the content of IL-4 and IFN-γ in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of children with EE and analyzing their relationship with neuron-specific enolase(NSE). Methods Forty-two children with EE recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College,between May 2007 and May 2008,served as encephalitis group,and 33 from the Department of Pediatric Surgery who would undergo selective surgery were assigned as controls.The levels of IL-4,IFN-γ and NSE in CSF were determined in both groups with ELISA. Results In encephalitis group,the levels of IFN-γ and NSE in CSF in acute phase were significantly higher than that of the control,while the level of IL-4 was significantly lower(t′=15.53-92.79,P0.01).IL-4 level was negatively correlated with IFN-γ and NSE(r=-0.514,-0.532;P0.01),while IFN-γ was positively correlated with NSE(r=0.623,P0.01).IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratio was best correlated with NSE(r=0.679,P0.01). Conclusion IL-4 and IFN-γ are involved in the process of immune damage in EE.The imbalance between IL-4 and IFN-γ is closely associated with the neuronic damage of EE.


The Archimedes screw water turbine (AST) is a device that works mechanically to produce electrical energy with an energy source that comes from the flow of water. Archimedes screw hydro turbines operate at low head and flow rates and can generate electricity at micro levels. This type of turbine is very suitable for use in small waters such as irrigation and rivers. The research was conducted by building a prototype of a small-scale Archimedes screw hydro turbine with and without deflector. The purpose of this research is to compare the rotation produced by the two turbines and whether the installation of a deflector can improve turbine performance. The turbine is constructed with a screw length of 1 m, outer diameter is 30 cm, the number of blades 15, and each has a pitch distance is 13 cm. Turbine angle variations are 30°, 35°, and 40°. The results showed that the best rotor rotation was produced by the screw without deflector at an angle of 30°. This shows that the addition of a deflector reduces the resulting screw rotation.


How do we as Christians today learn about worship and church music? How do we think about not only what music we will sing in Christian worship, but also the principles that should guide us in choosing and leading church music? Certainly, there are many different ways we answer that question: we study the Bible, we sing the words of the Scriptures, we read what theologians, worship leaders, and scholars of church music are writing today, we attend lectures and conferences by scholars and practitioners of church music. In this article, I offer and explore yet another example of how we live out God's call in leading music for the Christian church: by studying the example of a faithful Christian musician from the past.  My particular example for this article is the German composer and church musician Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750).  I want to clarify from the start that I am not arguing that J. S. Bach is the best example of a Christian church musician and certainly not that he is the only example.  But Bach does offer us one example of a musician who dedicated most of his life to creating and leading music for the Christian church and sought to do so faithfully, creatively, and skillfully.


ABSTRACT In this work, a facile and scalable acetylene decomposition method was employed to synthesize carbon-coated ZnO (ZnO@C) nanorods. The characterization of morphology and structure analysis demonstrate that ZnO nanorod was well coated by an amorphous carbon shell with a thickness of about 20 nm. Comparted with ZnO, ZnO@C exhibit significantly enhanced microwave absorption properties. The effective absorption bandwidth with RL values exceeding –10 dB can reach 5.3 GHz for ZnO@C with a matching thickness of 2.5 mm. The excellent microwave absorption arose from enhanced dielectric loss caused by interfacial polarization, dipole polarization and the formation of conductive network.


Problems encountered in simulating uniform rainfall inside the laboratory are discussed. A new rain simulator is described which eliminates nonunifonnity by a nonrepeating movement of drop outlets. The model tested applies rain to a ring-shaped area of 0.21 m with a coefficient of variation of about 7%. By using drop outlets of different sizes, one also can adjust the raindrop size distribution. Additional Index Words: rainfall applicator, rainulator. Kleijn, W. B., J. D. Oster, and N. Cook. 1979. A rainfall simulator with nonrepetitious movement of drop outlets. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43:1248-1251. R SIMULATORS are used for laboratory studies of soil detachment, crust formation, and infiltration. They may be constructed with either single or multiple outlets (Mutchler and Hermsmeyer, 1965). The latter are discussed here. Multiple outlet simulators often fail to provide uniform rain. The causes of nonuniformity can be divided into two categories: unequal flow rates through the individual drop outlets, and repetition of drop impact location. Unequal flow rates through individual outlets are a major problem when a single pump is used to drive water through all the outlets. Within the range normally found in rain simulators, the flow is laminar and Poisseuille's law applies; the flow rate is linearly related to the fourth power of the hydraulic radius. Therefore, a relatively small difference in the 1 Contribution from U. S. Salinity Laboratory, AR-SEA, USDA, Riverside, CA 92501. Received 13 April 1979. Approved 30 Aug. 1979. "Graduate Research Assistant, Soil Scientist, and Machinist, respectively. Published November, 1979


Glyphosate herbicide is one of the herbicide used throughout the world and they are very important to agriculture. Despite the role of glyphosate herbicide to agriculture, they also posed direct or indirect threats to the health of humans and also to the nature and survival of soil microorganisms. This study was carried out to determine the effect of glyphosate herbicide on soil fungi. Enumeration of fungal population in the soil samples before and after treatment was carried out. The fungal count was found to be 2.8x103cfu/g before the treatment with glyphosate herbicide and the number continue to decrease up to 0.4x103cfu/g in the 15day of glyphosate herbicide treatment. The fungal population decreased upon treatment with glyphosate herbicide when compared to the control i.e. the untreated soil sample. Glyphosate herbicide causes greater reduction in fungal count because the fungal populations decreased gradually and complete disappearance of some species after 6 days of treatment and continue to decrease up to 15 days after treatment. Soil fungi were isolated from the soil before the application of glyphosate herbicide; they include A. niger, A. flavus, Penicillium spp., Microsporium spp. Trychophyton spp. upon application of glyphosate herbicide, not all the fungi isolated before treatment survive the effect of glyphosate herbicide. The most frequently isolated fungi that survive up to 15 days of treatment is Aspergillus species (A. flavus and A. niger) while Microsporium spp., Trychophyton spp. and Penicillium spp. disappeared completely after 9 days of treatment.


Incense Society is a non-government religious society by the people sharing the same religious belief.The incense-offering ritual by TaiMount Incense Society,different from other ordinary incense-offering ceremonies at the worshipped mountains,falls into three types,that is,the collective,the individual and the regular.Spatially speaking,the worshippers are from east China,north China and northeast China.They have different cultural backgrounds and demonstrate their own familiar religious beliefs at Tai-Mount.Historically speaking,Tai-Mount Incense Society has a history of over one thousand years and has its own set of rules.Thus,an ethnological study of this ritual will have much value for a study of ritual practice.


Objective: To study tongue moving types in XiBo nationality in Xinjiang to provide inference for genetic of human anthropology. Methods: Fistly the types of lingual locomotions were demonstrated before the investigation and they were told to drill After that, the investigation was carried on. Results:The occurrence rate of the locomotion were derived between the rolling tongue and the non-rolling tongue, the twisting tongue and the non-twisting tongue among other types of the tongue. The statistical results of tongue moving were obtained. Conclusion:The result shows that the frequencies of rolling,folding and pointed tongue are collected with each other among the XiBo nationaliy in Xinjiang. Twisting,folding, pointed tongue are not collcted with each other.


Current diffusion in a finite width conductor plate is researched based on the traditional 1-D current diffusion in semi-infinite width conductor plate. The quasi-static magnetic field transient process of finite width conductor plate is studied, and we obtain the transient solution of the magnetic field and current diffusion, as well as the transient time constant. It is found that the current diffusion in a finite width conductor plate is a multiorder transient process, and the width of the conductor plate plays an important role in the current diffusion which affects the transient time constant. Only in the initial stage, the distributions of the magnetic field and current density in a finite width conductor plate can be approximated as the traditional 1-D current diffusion characteristics of a semi-infinite width conductor plate. In addition, the skin depth of current diffusion is the equivalent width of the equivalent resistance corresponding to loop voltage of the two semi-infinite conductor plates, which is not applicable to the analysis of conductor loss power and space magnetic field energy.


A bibliographic compilation was carried out in informative databases: Academic Search Complete (EBSCO), Scopus and Web of Science, from 1965 to 2019, with the aim of compiling the main researches carried out with a view to achieving immunogens against the most important parasites in humans and animals. The advances obtained are mainly evidenced in Plasmodium falciparum , Giardia lamblia , Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii , Taenia solium , Schistosoma mansoni , and Rhipicephalus microplus , among other pathogenic parasites. It is concluded that the development of parasite vaccines is a major challenge and it is currently focused on new works on molecular biology to select more effective antigens, as well as strategies to search for new adjuvants to support the appropriate targeting of the immune response.


A sample of 380 Manne Dora individuals (187 males and 193 females) were studied for ability to taste PTC and red green colour blindness. Males and females show bimodality in their threshold value distribution with anti-mode lying between 4 and 5 solutions. The frequency of non-tasters is slightly higher in males (36.36 %) than females (32.64 %) and shows non significant sex difference. Colour blindness is found to be absent in this population corroborating with the hypothesis of natural selection by Post (1962) and Pickford (1963).


Bird Brain: An Exploration of Avian Intelligence by Nathan Emery. 2016. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. 192 pp., 175 color illustrations. $29.95 (cloth). ISBN 9780691165172. Also available as an e-book from Amazon or Google Play for $16. Over the past 30 years, the study of bird behavior has been completely transformed by the ongoing revolution in cognitive psychology, opening up wholly new perspectives on the mental processes underlying such areas as foraging decisions, social intelligence, problem solving, memory encoding, and communication. Although these studies have contributed to a number of recent popular books, until now there has been no attempt to integrate avian cognition and recent findings in avian neuroanatomy and endocrinology into a single account that is attractive and accessible to a general readership. It is a steep challenge, but Nathan Emery has undertaken it in his remarkable new volume, Bird Brain: An Exploration of Avian Intelligence. The book has a very interesting hierarchical structure. It consists of seven substantial chapters on separate broad issues—cognitive evolution, spatial memory, communication, sociality, tool making, metacognition, and a summary. Each chapter, in turn, is broken into a set of short essays (of one to three pages) on parallel topics or lines of experimentation that develop and amplify the chapter theme. It is a very intuitive approach. Modern introductory textbooks often attempt to do the same thing by spreading sidebars and text boxes all across the page, making it look like a newspaper website. Readers will find Emery's innovation far less cluttered and easier to follow. The illustrations are really superb. The large format enables Emery to use big, striking images that draw the reader's interest. And he has some of the finest experimental diagrams I have seen in any behavior book. This is especially important in the later chapters on complex cognition, where the crucial studies use experimental designs that are very hard to envision from a purely wordbased description. By far the best and clearest writing occurs in the chapters on spatial and social cognition and tool making, which flow well and should be fascinating to the general ornithological reader. Several sections in the first third of the book, however, seem either oversimplified or dense and uninspired. More problematic are the many chapters that include one or more essays on the underlying neurobiology. It is understandable that Emery should have chosen to do this, because brain anatomy is one of his primary fields of expertise. But it does not generally work well. The accompanying diagrams are overly complex, sprinkled with opaque abbreviations and meaningless icons. The text of these essays includes unexplained terminology that may


Orthopaedic paediatric deformities, globally, are often corrected later than initial identification due to resource constraints (bed availability, investigative modalities, surgical skill set). The study aims to analyse experiences and challenges met with running a flagship scoliosis surgery week in a tertiary public health care facility, with the goal of reducing patient waiting time on the waiting list.In this retrospective study, patients from an existing deformity correction waiting list were selected for a 5 day scoliosis surgery week. Investigations relevant to clinical findings were carried out and patients were scheduled on a "one patient per day" surgery list. Inclusion criteria was any patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis of varying degree that was symptomatic. Exclusion criteria was any other deformity of any age.Outcomes measured include: Administrative hurdles (obtaining funding, organising ward and ICU beds, getting nursing staff), Surgical challenges (severity of the curve, intraoperative time, approach chosen) and perioperative management (anaesthesia, pain management, cost of equipment) will be looked at to better define the experiences and challenges.All scheduled surgeries were completed. This meant more cases were carried out than what was done in the last 2 years at the facility combined. Lack of Nursing staff availability and few ICU beds delayed starting cases. Anterior fusion took a shorter surgical time in comparison to posterior and cost far less to carry out owing to deformity severity. Intra and post operative management also varied due to daily changes in theatre staff and a lack of standardized protocols.Running a scoliosis surgery week helps to lower the waiting time for deformity correction in public health care facilities. Pre organising resources results in more successful outcomes and an increase in the number of cases done over a shorter period.


The uncertainty of the risk of failure of hydraulic structures can be determined by estimating the variance of the risk of failure based on the methods of moments, probability weighted moments, and maximum likelihood assuming that the underlying model is the Gumbel distribution. In this paper, the variance of the risk of failure was derived. Monte Carlo simulation was peformed to verify the characteristics of the derived formulas for various sample size, design life, nonexceedance probability, and variation coefficient. As the results, PWM showed the smallest relative bias and root mean square error than the others while ML showed the smallest ones for relatively large sample siBes regardless of design life and nonexceedance probability. Also, it was found that variation coefficient does not effect on the relative bias and relative root mean square error.


The analysis of the battlefield situations is the basis of command decision. Situation assessment is one of the most important components in C~4ISR data fusion systems. In this paper, intrinsic characteristic and reasoning mode of the situation assessment are analyzed and a synthetic method based on fuzzy logic and D\|S evidential theory is presented. In this way a solving model of analysis, reasoning and prediction for situation assessment is constructed. The model can find the potential relation between situation hypothesis and events, thus supporting the decision making.


ABSTRACT The concept of aging in place attracts older adults, scholars, policymakers, and service providers alike. Interviews with 125 independent-dwelling men and women (mean age 71 years) and ten policymakers/community service providers queried for elements of urban and suburban contexts that strengthen or weaken desires and abilities to age in place. Overall, interviewees emphasized the need for accessible and affordable housing, reliable services, robust transportation infrastructure, and suitable options for health and care. Perspectives of low-income participants diverged notably from mainstream conceptions: those in perilous-subsidized housing desired to move to safer and more comfortable settings and homeless participants did not have a stable home or community to age in place. Planning and implementation of aging in place framed in highly individualistic, resourced, and ableist conception did not address their everyday struggles, including the lack of affordable housing and defunding of supportive social services. The manuscript complicates idealized notions of aging in place and suggests new theoretical and empirical directions to expand the concept to become more inclusive and socially just.


This article surveys Xenophon's evidence for Socrates' views on democracy. It offers a more balanced and complete reading of the evidence in Xenophon's Memorabilia, and takes account of new ways to assess the definition of what is democratic. It argues that Xenophon's basic image of Socrates is democratic (dēmotikos) in the broadest sense through an investigation of topics such as Socrates' attitudes towards democratic laws, and the use of dokimasia and the ballot, as well as his views on oligarchic and democratic regimes of his time, the 'royal art' of rule, the assembly and its decisions, and the role of the wealthy in democracy. It also argues against the general view that Xenophon's own views on democracy as expressed in his other works show no support for democracy.


A case of Wegener's granulomatosis occurred in a 39-year-old woman with laryngeal obstruction, suggestive of neoplasia. The diagnosis was made on laryngeal biopsy, and there was no evidence of systemic involvement at the time. Although the patient initially responded to corticosteroids and radiotherapy, she developed a rapidly progressive systemic disease with pulmonary and renal involvement which led to a fatal termination eight months after diagnosis.


Most comparisons of flood frequency estimation methods have been based on Monte Carlo simulation. An alternative method which does not require the choice of a parent distribution is to resample from the historical record. The relative performance of 10 flood frequency estimation methods, including four at-site methods, four regional index flood methods, and two variations of the U.S. Water Resources Council regional method, was evaluated using a resampling method. Performance measures were based on two statistics. The first was a flood damage surrogate, which was defined as a power of the excess of the flood peak over a fixed threshold approximately equal to the median annual flood; the second was the estimator of the 100-year flood. For each subsampling of the historical record, the expected flood loss and 100-year flood quantile conditioned on the estimated parameters were computed. From the remainder of the record, an empirical estimate of the mean damage was computed. The performance of the methods is summarized in terms of the mean and variance of the difference between the conditional expectation and the empirical damages, and the variance of the 100-year flood estimates. The results are qualitatively similar to those reported in earlier Monte Carlo studies. The U.S. Water Resources Council method, in particular, produced variability in the damage estimates that was much greater than that for any of the index flood methods tested. Estimates of the 100-year flood were about twice as variable on average as 100-year flood estimates obtained using any of the regional index flood methods. For the Wisconsin and New England flood records tested, the regional Generalized Extreme Value estimators yielded 100-year flood estimates with lower variability at virtually all sites than the U.S. Water Resources Council method.


A relay node used in a WDM optical network is disclosed. The relay node includes: a high-speed side port configured to send and receive a high-speed signal; a low-speed side port configured to send and receive a low-speed signal; a unit configured to generates a checking message for requesting another node to report constraint information of a low-speed side port of the another node, wherein the constraint information relates to adding an optical signal from the low-speed side port to a high-speed side port of the another node or dropping an optical signal from the high-speed side port to the low-speed side port of the another node; a unit configured to generate a response message including the constraint information of the own node in response to receiving the checking message sent from the another node; and a storing unit configured to store at least the constraint information of the another node.


Objective: To study effect and safety of pemetrexed and gemcitabine plus carboplatin on treating advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: Sixty-six cases with advanced scale non-small cell lung cancer patients from May 2011 to December 2013 in our hospital were selected and were divided into two groups according to odd and even number. Thirty-three patients with odd numbers were in Group A and were given pemetrexed plus carboplatin treatment,and patients with even numbers in Group B were given gemcitabine plus carboplatin. The curative effect and adverse reaction were compared. Results: Clinical control rates in Group A and Group B were 69. 70% and 72. 73%,and there was no significant difference( P 0. 05). The digestive tract,liver and kidney function damage and other adverse reaction rates in group A were 15. 15%,9. 09% and 21. 21%,which were lower than those in Group B( P 0. 05); Adverse reaction in the skin and bone marrow inhibition rate in the two groups was of no significant difference( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Of the two treatment plans,the security of pemetrexed plus carboplatin is higher and is the ideal chemotherapy regimens.


This paper presents a new method for solving the two person zero sum matrix game with fuzzy payoffs and fuzzy strategies for the players. Ranking function of triangular fuzzy numbers is used to develop a pair of crisp linear programming models corresponding to each player. Every established model for each player is illustrated through a numerical example. Sensitivity analysis with respect to different parameters on value of game and strategies of players are demonstrated by graphs.


This study aims of this research to describe the value of learning devices based on the realistic mathematics education that are developed, the improved student ability to solve problem mathematically which is taught through learning devices based on realistic mathematics education developed, and the student's response to a learning device based on realistic mathematics education developed on a pharmaceutical program for 10th grade vocational high school students. Developed learning tools consisting of the learning implement plan and the student's worksheet. This study uses development research with the model used is Plomp (Preliminary Research, Prototyping Phase, dan Assessment Phase). The research only did until the preliminary research covered the student's analysis. Based on a student's observation that a student's mathematical problem solving ability is low because the learning tools have not supported the students in improving the problem-solving ability, the learning tools that teachers use are not in accordance with the student's skill program, only a few teachers present problems reading for practicing the mathematical skills of students. The instrument used in this research is the validity test sheet, practical test sheet, and problem solving ability test.


The history of science often emphasizes the individual in scientific discovery, for example, Newton. It also implies that an idea is born as a single thing, an epiphany , or stroke of insight , for example, Newton s apple (1). In the early 1990s, Kevin Dunbar video-taped scientists on the job and recorded their conversations to find out in which context good ideas are made. His aim was to investigate environments that lead to high levels of creativity and innovation. He found that most ideas did not come to the scientist when he was sitting in front of his microscope or at his desk. Rather, they came at the conference table where everybody got together and shared their latest data and findings. More often, the ideas came when the scientists reported the mistakes and errors they made and discussed the artifacts they had discovered, but did not understand (2). As a consequence of this study and others alike, Steven Johnson stated a need for changing the conceptual idea of research innovation. Ideas are born from networks, not individual minds. Furthermore, ideas develop slowly over time, sometimes for years and decades (1). From the beginning of the last century, there has been a shift in science from an individual-based model to a teamwork model. In science and engineering, mean number of authors per article has increased steadily and nearly doubled, from 1.9 to 3.5, over the past 45 years. In areas like biology, physics, and medicine, mean number of authors has more than doubled (3). The question is: Does increasing collaboration lead to better science? There are several intuitive reasons this could be true. These include sharing knowledge and techniques, exchange of ideas, pooling research resources, or sharing instruments (4). Establishing a network can influence future research; when an idea, method, or technique develops, it will reach the researcher sooner if he is embedded in the center of the scientific network rather than the periphery. On the other hand, the cost of collaboration may exceed the benefit in certain situations. There might be miscommunication, difficulties with coordination of meetings, travel expenses, and disagreements in the determination of research focus. Successful teams should be large enough to enable specialization and division of labor, but small enough to avoid the costs and complications of group coordination (3). We tested the hypothesis that author collaboration improves quality of research. Also, whether the type of collaboration matters, for example, is there a difference between research made in collaboration with a colleague from the office next door and a colleague from another country. We retrieved all published articles from 2010 to 2011 of four psychiatric researchers in our unit: PMJ (professor), MA (post doc), SD (PhD student), and JN (PhD student), 26 articles in total. To quantify networking, we used the number of collaborating authors. Then, we identified the authors as either national or international based on their institutional affiliations. Research quality was proxied as the impact factor of the journal (JIF) in which the articles were published. According to the Institute for Scientific Information, impact factor is defined as the mean number of citations per article over a 2-year period. We analyzed the data set in two ways. First, we plotted the JIF for all 26 papers against the number of co-authors on each paper and found no apparent association between number of authors and JIF. In the second analysis, we found that articles with international collaboration were published in journals with a higher IF compared with articles with only national collaboration (P < 0.05) (Fig. 1). The assessment of networking using co-authorship is widely used in scientometric research. However, there are at least two problems with this method. He et al. (4) stated that research collaboration does not always lead to co-authored articles. For example, a researcher may provide a key idea for an article but, for some reason, does not appear as a co-author . Also, Co-authorship can arise without research collaboration. A researcher may be listed as a co-author simply by providing experiment materials or performing a routine test. A person may be listed as a co-author not by virtue of collaboration but because of position or prestige (4). Another weakness lies within the assessment of article quality. The use of JIF implies an assumption of citation rates being distributed evenly around the journal s impact factor. In reality, often the most cited half of the articles are cited 10 times as frequent as the least cited half (5). According to He et al., the relationship between networking and research quality can be confounded by their common dependence on the researcher. A researcher might be invited to collaborate on a project because of his experience with


In allusion to the mistakes of equipment lubricating management in Chinese industry,some brand-new lubricating management ideas and main problems in lubricating oil market are put forward.And the main functions of oil monitoring technology and its application cases are introduced,indicating that the oil monitoring technology is important means for equipment lubricating monitoring and wear fault diagnosis.


Objective: To express the recombinated glucose dehydrogenase gene in E.coli,and to optimize expression conditions in order to gain the high activity enzyme. Methods: The gene for the GDH from B.subtilis was ligated with vector pET22b,then transducted into E.coli JM109 and expressed.The expression of high activity for GDH was studied through the control of conditions such as culture time,inducer concentration,inductiontime and cell disrepution. Results: The recombinated plasmid entered up to log-phase after 2 hours culture.The optimal IPTG concentration was 0.5mmol/L and optimal induction time was 2.5~3.0 h.The activity of the crude GDH after adopting 240w cell sonication was nearly 1000 times higher compared with no inducer.The subunit molecular weight of GDH was 31.5kDal by SDS-PAGE. Conclusion: The culture conditions and procedure of cell disrepution can influence the expression of GDH.


The proton spin-lattice relaxation times have been measured on diamminebis(acetylacetone)ethylenediimino-cobalt(III) ion in D2O using the pulsed Fourier transform method at 100 MHz. The shorter relaxation time of the methyl resonating at lower magnetic field indicates that this methyl signal should be assigned to the methyl groups adjacent to the diimine bridge.


Volcanology
Minerals such as zircon can record the storage conditions of magma before volcanic eruption. Rubin et al. combined traditional 238U-230Th dating with lithium concentration profiles in seven zircons from the Taupo supervolcanic complex in New Zealand to determine magma storage conditions


This paper raises the question as to whether the United Nations peacekeeping forces could be awarded a civilian status during the armed conflict in which they are deployed; which is important for the determination of prohibition of attacks against them. The paper is based on the premise that distinction between civilians and combatants is crucial under international humanitarian law. In doing so, this paper briefly analyses the nature of UN peacekeeping operations and the qualification of the UN forces' members as civilians or combatants. It also delves into the emerging category of UN robust peacekeeping operations to ascertain whether its personnel would be treated as civilians or combatants in the context of an international armed conflict.


The purpose of this numerical study, performed within the micromagnetic framework and the dynamical matrix method, is to understand how the propagation of spin waves in a macrospin chain is affected by a configurational rearrangement of the magnetization, induced by a progressive variation of a magnetic field. Our macrospins are modelized through thin cylinders with elliptical cross sections that display a monodomain, bistable magnetization distribution; hence, the allowed magnetization configurations of the chain are either antiferromagnetic (AF) or ferromagnetic (FM). We illustrate the peculiar features of spin waves in the AF and FM configurations concerning the dispersion relations, phase amplitude variations and localization, and precession ellipticity, as a function of the applied field, particularly close to the critical field values at which the configurational rearrangements occur (AF-to-FM or vice versa). A remarkable effect that arises on the mode frequency and bandwidth across a configurational transition is the frequency invariance of specific Bloch waves, particularly attractive for processing the spin wave signals in low dissipation magnon-spintronic devices.The purpose of this numerical study, performed within the micromagnetic framework and the dynamical matrix method, is to understand how the propagation of spin waves in a macrospin chain is affected by a configurational rearrangement of the magnetization, induced by a progressive variation of a magnetic field. Our macrospins are modelized through thin cylinders with elliptical cross sections that display a monodomain, bistable magnetization distribution; hence, the allowed magnetization configurations of the chain are either antiferromagnetic (AF) or ferromagnetic (FM). We illustrate the peculiar features of spin waves in the AF and FM configurations concerning the dispersion relations, phase amplitude variations and localization, and precession ellipticity, as a function of the applied field, particularly close to the critical field values at which the configurational rearrangements occur (AF-to-FM or vice versa). A remarkable effect that arises on the mode frequency and bandwidth across a configurationa...


The study of immunogenesis in radiaiion sickness has become important in recent years Interest in this question is aroused because ionizing radiation. which destroys the natural protective mechanisms, may permit the development of infectious diseases which are often disastrous to the irradiated animal. Therefore. the study of the mechanism of inhibition of antibody production after irradiation becomes very valuable. The opinion exists that the synthesis of antibodies and some protein fractions of the blood occurs in the same cells of the reticuloendothelial system. A number of investigators consider the formation of antibodies as a modification of the synthesis of blood gamma -globulin in the presence of the antigen, since the antibcdy and the gamma -globulin are very similar in chemical and physicochemical properties such as the order of arrangement of amino acids, electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric point, etc. Immunization of animals by different antigens causes proliferation of the cells of the reticuloendothelial system and transformation of the lymphocytes into plasmatic cells; a number of authors consider this of major significance in the synthesis of specific and nonspecific blood globulins. This results from the repeatedly observed parallel increase in amount of globulins and titer of antibodies in immune animals. The effect ofmore » penetrating radiation on the ratio of protein fractions of blood serum has not been sufficiently studied. The literature contains only a few, contradictory results on this question. No work was found on the study of the combined action on antibody production and production of different protein fractions by two factors so antagonistic in antibody synthesis as immunization and penetrating radiation. It is therefore felt that it is not without interest to compare the dynamics of change in the synthesis of different antibodies and the ratio of protein fractions of blood serum. (auth)« less


As all the technological innovations, the rise of "datification" fulfils an hidden but widespread social need which finds expression in the opportunities offered by the new devices. In Big Data case, the need was the refinement of probability calculus, in other words the strengthening of the chances to read the present through numbers and to identify recurring patterns in order to cut the cost of predicting the future. On this basis, the hypothesis advanced in the paper is that Big Data can be analyzed as a form of "presentification" of knowledge in consonance with the change in the temporal sensitivity that affects western societies over the past thirty years. According to an influential research branch in social theory, late-modern societies undergo a "time-space compression" process (Harvey 1989) that elects the "absolute present" (Heller 1999) as the only dimension capable to give meaning to social and individual action (Laidi 2000, Aubert 2003). The global competition contexts (financial economics, online communication, fashion, new companies based on flexible accumulation) are scenery for a fight "against" time, perceived as a danger mine. This permanent race forces the human initiative in the small shape of the quickest possible response to market demands, in an exaltation of time reduction between impulse and response. A shrinkage that, pushed beyond a certain saturation point, impairs the ability to build consolidated and shared systems of meaning. Acceleration and reduction of duration (Rosa 2003) concur to inhibit the vision of the future that, during Modernity, allowed people to transcend the present in order to improve it. In the rational discourse that structured modern cultural schemes, knowledge was a journey into the future, a discovery that required the individual to move forward into the unknown, to transform the present on the incentive of project imagination. In lack of big patterns of reality interpretation (i.e. political ideologies, religious beliefs or philosophical-scientific theories), numbers provide an immediate and concise understanding of phenomena, compatible with the urgency of absolute present: in politics, economic indices (i.e. the "spread" or credit ratings) become irrevocable evaluation of decisions; in media, popularity rates as audience share, number of followers or views, become fundamental criteria in the content editing. In this way, the subject give up definitively his modern role of visionary homo faber to legitimate his choices exclusively on what is already happened and known. Contemporary social actors find in numbers a way to normalize the future, anticipating it in the present as the projection of probability. The problem is that probabilities rule creativity: Big Data reduce structural uncertainty letting the present resemble the past, instead of aspiring to a better future.


At the behest of the Green Deal, circular economy concepts are currently being widely promoted, not least within the aquaculture sector. The current study aims to demonstrate the technical feasibility of extracting collagen and fish oils from waste Atlantic bluefin tuna biomass originating from the Maltese aquaculture industry. For collagen, a three-stage methodology, consisting of pre-treatment, extraction, and retrieval, was applied to biomass originating from bone, skin, muscle, and internal organs (offal) in order to extract both acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC). The chemical identity of the extracted collagen was confirmed through the conduction of hydroxyproline and SDS-PAGE tests as well as through FTIR, whilst the extracted collagen was also tested for its microbiological and heavy metal profiles. The collagen yield was found to be highest for skin tissue and for PSC-based protocols and is comparable to the yield cited in the literature for other tuna species. Oils were extracted through low temperature, high temperature, and enzymatic means. The fatty acid profile of the extracted oils was assessed using GC-FID; this indicated high proportions of EPA and DHA. Yield indicated that the enzymatic extraction of oil is most effective. High heat and the presence of iron-containing muscle starting material promote oxidation and rancidity. Further effort into the optimization of both collagen and lipid extraction protocols must be invested, with a special focus on the production of high-value fractions that are much closer to the quality required for human use/consumption.


This study aims to look at the suitability of lecturers teaching style with student learning style to student achievement. The study used a survey method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The population of this research is the whole student Elementary School Teacher University of Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta. The sample was selected using stratified random sampling technique. The total sample was 91 respondents. The results showed: The results of the comparison between the data suitability lecture with learning styles compared to student achievement data, it appears there was a positive trend between the two data. The positive trend at the same time be an early indicator of connection or relationship between the two variables Key word: instructional media, learning style, memletics, learning achievement.


The Linux operating system has emerged as a competitor to both Microsoft Windows and commercial implementations of UNIX. Linux provides a robust, stable computing environment on a variety of architectures including Intel X86, SPARC, and Alpha. A significant number of desktop and server applications have been ported to Linux. The number of companies willing to provide fee‐based technical support for Linux continues to grow. When combined with Linux's low initial purchase price, such factors offer a compelling reason for libraries to consider Linux as an alternative to commercial operating systems.


The implementation of Industry 4.0 technology and meeting the expectations of employers, the labour market, and, in fact, sustainable development are new challenges for industry employees, especially for their knowledge and skills. The changes introduced during industrial revolutions have always affected the job market and employees' required competencies. The same can be said for the latest industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, in which the human factor plays an important role, mainly because new challenges are posed by human beings' role in digitised reality. Our research aimed to identify the employee competencies that are required in the context of Industry 4.0. We investigated two groups of respondents (employees and students). These groups were subjected to a comparative analysis of their digital, technical, social and personal competencies. As a result of the analysis, we identified the highest-ranked competencies in defined groups. Our results show that technical and soft skills are equally important in this highly technically based industrial revolution.


We report on the characterization, thanks to Raman spectroscopy and imaging of tensely strained Si films pseudomorphically grown on (001), (110), and (111) SiGe virtual substrates. The samples studied here are those described in the work of Destefanis et al. [J. Appl. Phys 106, 043508 (2009)]. They consist in 17-nm-thick strained Si layers grown at 650 °C with SiH4 as a gaseous precursor on top of polished SiGe virtual substrates of various surface orientations. We first derived the exact component array of the strain/stress field along the different growth directions. Because the relation between strain or stress and the Raman frequencies are complex, we also derive the strain-shift coefficients for the different substrate orientations considered in this work and the polarization selection rules. Visible and near-UV Raman spectroscopies were used to extract the in-plane lattice parameter of the SiGe virtual substrates and the tensile strain in the thin Si epitaxial layers on top. We have notably investig...


Abstract The life history and host range of the herringbone leaf-mining fly Ophiomyia camarae, a potential biological control agent for Lantana spp., were investigated. Eggs were deposited singly on the underside of leaves. Although several eggs can be laid on a single leaf and a maximum of three individual mines were seen on a single leaf, only one pupa per leaf ever developed. The generation time (egg to adult) was about 38 days. Females (mean 14 days) lived longer than males (mean 9 days) and produced about 61 mines. Oviposition and larval development occurred on all five lantana phenotypes tested. Eleven plant species representing six families were tested to determine the host range. Oviposition and larval development occurred on only lantana and another nonnative plant Lippia alba (Verbenaceae), with both species supporting populations over several generations. A CLIMEX model showed that most of the coastal areas of eastern Australia south to 30°16′ S (Coffs Harbour) would be suitable for O. camarae. O. camarae was approved for release in Australia in October 2007 and mines have been observed on plants at numerous field sites along the coast following releases.


beginning of any new endeavor. Anyone in science knows this from the experience of venturing into a new area of research, whether as a graduate student just starting out in the laboratory with a newly claimed project, or even as an established investigator whose work has just taken a different turn to lead in a new direction. This was especially true for those working with the latest technology in visualizing fine details of anatomical structure: the electron microscope. At its inception in the 1940s and early 1950s, anything seen with this innovative tool was new, and any descriptive study of cells and cell components at the ultrastructural level (or "submicroscopic," as it was often known at the time) was welcomed as a valued addition to the body of biological knowledge. In the Classics in Anatomy article in this issue, Dr. Peter Satir introduces for us the reprinting of a lecture by one of the true pioneering giants of our anatomical field. Dr. Keith R. Porter was a leader in the use of the new electron microscope to probe deeper into the structures only hinted at by even the best light microscopes. In his 1956 Harvey Lecture, Dr. Porter focused primarily on acquainting his audience with two cellular structures that were, at the time, highly intriguing. One, the endoplasmic reticulum, held a special interest as his own area of specialty; he had published the first descriptions of the ultrastructural details of this complex structure whose very name was based originally on a misinterpretation of what was seen at the light microscopic level. He also presented a detailed account of the architecture and functionally significant variants of cilia. These cell specializations were noted in several examples of cell types, each with different details of structure related to the specific function needed for that particular cell, yet maintaining the requisite pattern of ultramicroscopic structure that defines the family of cilia. It is interesting to an anatomist of today to note that Dr. Porter pointed out at the beginning of his lecture that there was then a great deal of effort being spent on determining the chemical composition of biological materials, but that "relatively less attention and interest is being focused on the spatial arrangement of these materials in biological systems. This fact . . . must be regarded as unfortunate because we cannot hope to comprehend the activities of the living cell by analysis merely of its chemical composition of the properties of its component molecules" (Porter, 1957). He pointed out that the development of the electron microscope was timely in that regard, as it seemed to have the potential to bring the discoveries in physical and biological chemistry into focus in relation to the component structures. He predicted that this aspect of the new technology would "attract a large number of devoted users who will seek to relate the form and function of cells at the macromolecular level." This is a worthy observation for our own time, as current research in a variety of aspects of cell and tissue development, differentiation, and functional controls seems to be drawing researchers back to the questions of how these functions relate to macromolecular and cellular structures. It is most appropriate at this time for us to present here a new opportunity to "hear" a lecture from one of the truly great figures in structural sciences, to revisit a bit about the beginnings of our understanding of cell structure and thus function. It is also appropriate at this time to call attention to our Classics in Anatomy feature and invite our colleagues once again to suggest key articles or essays in their various areas of special interest that could also be considered important to the anatomical sciences in a more general sense. The intent of this feature is to present articles, essays, and published lectures by acknowledged leaders in the biological sciences, which have appeared in the past in this and other publications. In some cases, these "classic" papers may not date from the time of a turning point in new technologies, but perhaps when they appeared the authors might have been playing key roles in enhancing our understanding in a subset of structural biology. In reintroducing these key articles, we perhaps also have an opportunity to present something about the personalities responsible for the represented works. We can once again (or, for some of our younger colleagues, perhaps for the first time) appreciate both the workers and their work, for its composition as well as its subject matter, for its scholarly style and tone; that is in part what makes them classics.


Due to the limitation in the availability of resources (time, money and researchers) for research projects, it is always a policy and decision maker's challenge to decide on appropriate research projects or programs to support as well as how much money should be spent and how the funding should be managed in order to achieve the research goals. Thus, it would be helpful to provide the information on efficiencies of different research projects or programs to assist the decision making process. This paper provides the measurement and comparison of the efficiencies of the research projects or programs by utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA) method applied to a case study of Thailand Research Fund (TRF). DEA technique is used because it does not require the impossible-to-define explicit input-output relationship of the research projects. Based upon the analysis result and the policy implication, it would enable the decision maker to identify the projects or programs with high efficiency which should be supported continuously as well as the projects or programs with lower efficiency which should be terminated or improved their operation.


A mathematical model is presented, that describes the distribution of flexural and torsion waves in a beam of a circular or ring section. Frequency dependences of phase and group wave velocities are analyzed.


The UK's Track & Trace system serves a vital purpose in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks. Employers must be aware of following the correct reporting procedure


The results of this descriptive study indicate that changes in land use in the city of Bandar  Lampung  going along with the  growth and development of  urban areas reflects  the rate;  patterns  and the impact  of variation in  each part of  the city. Factor  of economic growth, population growth  and community preferences (which is a reflection  of the  variable  capital , information, and  accessibility)  are factors trigger land-use changes that are reflected in changing patterns of land use areas of the city.  Therefore,  it takes  a variety of  incentives  and  dis- incentives policy in the control of land use change, given the opportunity cost of owned land resources, both economic and non-economic.  In addition,  in an effort to achieve sustainable urban development, the expansion of  public access  is needed  in determining  the allocation of  land use and  the provision of  public space  is increasingly  widespread  and  qualified  as a service provided by the  city government  to the  citizens. At  the same time,   the city government  to seriously  land consolidation  efforts  and the establishment of  land banks  (land  banking)  in an effort to  anticipate the  economic development  in  the era of globalization and the free market. Keywords: land use; growth area; spatial


A simple approach for computing unsteady aerodynamic forces from simulated measured strain data is proposed in this study. First, the deflection and slope of the structure are computed from the unsteady strain. Velocities and accelerations of the structure are computed using the autoregressive moving average model, online parameter estimator, low-pass filter, and a least-squares curve fitting method, together with analytical derivatives with respect to time. Finally, aerodynamic forces over the wing are computed using modal aerodynamic influence coefficient matrices, a rational function approximation, and a time-marching algorithm. A cantilevered rectangular wing is used to validate the simple approach. Unsteady aerodynamic forces as well as wing deflections, velocities, accelerations, and strains are computed using the CFL3D computational fluid dynamics code and the MSC/NASTRAN finite element analysis code; and these CFL3D/NASTRAN-based results are assumed as measured quantities. Computed deflections, ve...


Electron and powder diffraction were combined to elucidate the structure of the new coordination polymer [Sc2(FcDC)3] based on 1,1′-ferrocenedicarboxylate (FcDC2−), denoted as CAU-50. Remarkably, three different conformers of the very same linker molecule are observed, two of which serve as connectors for the scandium cations while one conformer acts as capping agent.


In this paper, we study frequentist coverage errors of Bayesian credible sets for an approximately linear regression model with (moderately) high dimensional regressors, where the dimension of the regressors may increase with but is smaller than the sample size. Specifically, we consider Bayesian inference on the slope vector by fitting a Gaussian distribution on the error term and putting priors on the slope vector together with the error variance. The Gaussian specification on the error distribution may be incorrect, so that we work with quasi-likelihoods. Under this setup, we derive finite sample bounds on frequentist coverage errors of Bayesian credible rectangles. Derivation of those bounds builds on a novel Berry-Esseen type bound on quasi-posterior distributions and recent results on high-dimensional CLT on hyper-rectangles. We use this general result to quantify coverage errors of Castillo-Nickl and $L^{\infty}$-credible bands for Gaussian white noise models, linear inverse problems, and (possibly non-Gaussian) nonparametric regression models. In particular, we show that Bayesian credible bands for those nonparametric models have coverage errors decaying polynomially fast in the sample size, implying advantages of Bayesian credible bands over confidence bands based on extreme value theory.


say they can. A key problem in the construction of mass storage systems is creating a data path that manages very high speed data volume flow. At the National Center for Atmospheric Research, an experimental data path was designed to directly connect large-scale host systems to new highspeed peripherals that use mountable media. The hligh-speed data device was an optical digital data disk, dubbed OD' by the Computer Storage Media Group of the Institute for Computer Science and Technology.' This experiment resulted in an expanded design for access to a mass storage system, or MSS, within a local area network, or I AN. The MSS manages a switched local device network, or t DN, comprised of a set of data storage devices and their controllers. The L DN provides the highspeed data path for large-scale hosts on the LAN. As the era of supercomputing approaches, solutions to the problem of interfacing high-speed peripheral devices into a heterogeneous computer network must become a priority research objective. Various MSS constructs2-6 have provided highcapacity dataflow within large-scale computing environments. The National Center for Atmospheric Research operates a largescale computing center within its Scientific Computing Division. The computing complex, which includes a mass storage device, handles vast amounts of data daily. A computer configuration Nvith an MSS cannot remain static, since the next generation of machines will exert more data pressure on the MSS than the system can accommodate. This pressure, combined with everincreasing data storage and retrieval demands, led SCD to design internal forecasts to help plan for the future MSS needs of the atmospheric research community. In the case of the high-speed data path, the current system has a dataflow capacity of approximately 3.3 terabits per month, or 40 terabits per year. The forecast for dataflow capacity by 1988 is 230 terabits annually.


Carbohydrate Needs During Exercise The amount of carbohydrate used for energy during exercise is determined by the exercise intensity. During light to moderate exercise, approximately 50 percent of the energy will be supplied by carbohydrates and 50 percent by fats. At higher exercise intensities, more of the energy must be supplied by carbohydrate and less fat will be used. As maximal exercise is approached, only carbohydrates will be used for energy. Studies of girls and boys prior to puberty have found that, during moderate-intensityexercise, children burn


EnglishStaphylococcus intermedius is the predoinant pathogenic bacteria in pyoderma and suppurative otitits in the dog. In suppurative otties, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis are also recognised pathogens. In the acat, the pathogenic species are more diversified : besides Staph. intermedius, Staph aureus and Pasteurella multocida are also frequently isolated. This bacterial spread has important consequences for the choice of antibiotics during treatment francaisStaphylococcus intermedius est l'espece bacterienne pathogene predominante dans les pyodermites et les otites suppurees du chien. Dans les otites suppurees, Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Proteus mirabilis sont reconnues comme pathogenes. Chez le chat, les especces pathogenes sont plus diversifiees: a cote de l'espece Staph. intermedius, l'espece Staph. aureus et l'espece Pasteurella multicocida sont frequemment isolees. Ces dominantes bacteriologiques ont des consequences importantes sur le choix de l'antibiotique utilise pour le traitement


Tsar Nicholas XI of Russia abdicated on March 15, 1917. For several months, Russian politics was in a state of flux until Vladimir Ilych Lenin led the Bolsheviks to power in November and established the first government based upon Marxist Socialism. America's initial reaction to the abdication was one of extreme pleasure as the Americans expected the Russians to establish a government similar to their own. In addition, most Americans interpreted the events in Russia as beneficial to the Allied cause. Less than a month after the abdication, however, the united States entered World War I, and it soon became apparent that political unrest in Russia might weaken her ability to continue as a belli gerent. President Wilson sent a Special Diplomatic Mission, to Russia in the summer of 1917. The nine-man Mission, headed by former Secretary of State Eliliu Soot, was a good-will mission and a fact-finding group whose work was to determine Russia's material and financial needs and to assess the political and military stability of the new government. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the work of the Root Mission and to evaluate its accomplish


Introduction: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of different musical intensities on performance and cardiovascular responses after incremental exercise in male athletes. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with a cross-over design, 15 male athletes were voluntarily selected. The study subjects performed Bruce protocol, along with listening to progressive music, slow music, and without music until exhaustion. Results: This study indicated that systolic and diastolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate, and time to exhaustion insignificantly decreased while listening to slow music, compared to the no music (P=0.134, P=0.993, P=0.999, P=0.160, P=0.819, respectively). Furthermore, while listening to progressive music, compared to no music, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as maximum heart rate insignificantly increased (P=0.735, P=0.999, P=0.496, respectively); the maximum oxygen consumption and the time of exhaustion significantly increased in the study subjects (P=0.043, P=0.008 respectively). Moreover, while listening to progressive music, compared to slow music, the systolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate, and the time of exhaustion significantly increased (P=0.004, P=0.009, P=0.002, P=0.001 respectively); however, diastolic blood pressure presented an insignificant decrease (P=0.253). Conclusion: The obtained findings revealed that listening to progressive music can affect physiological factors and performance during exercising. It increases the athlete's motivation and postpones the time to exhaustion to continue exercising; however, listening to slow music creates a state of relaxation during exercise and reduces heart rate. As a result, individuals with hypertension can decline their blood pressure during endurance exercise by listening to soft music.


A speech model, referred to as the multiband excitation (MBE) speech model, has been shown to be capable of synthesizing speech without the artifacts common to model-based speech systems and has been used to develop a 4.8 kb/s speech coder. This system was developed using several new approaches to quantize the MBE model parameters. These techniques were designed to utilize additional redundancy amongst these parameters, thereby permitting more efficient quantization. The result of information listening tests indicate that this system can achieve high quality for both clean and noisy speech as the MBE speech is extremely robust to the presence of background noise in speech.<<ETX>>