'Grope Height Raising and 1-Storey Capped Towers' upgrades the capped gropes constructed in the previous chapter to 1-storey capped towers. Grope height raising is a technique that shows that every capped grope of height at least 1.5 can be improved to a capped grope of arbitrary height. The technique is explained in this chapter in detail, and used multiple times in the rest of the proof. The chapter closes by showing how to extend capped gropes to 1-storey capped towers. This crucially uses the hypothesis that the fundamental group is good. It is the single place in the proof of the disc embedding theorem that requires this hypothesis.


by James Brian Pitts This dissertation updates the debate over the nontriviality of general covariance for Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (GTR) and considers particle physics in the debate over underdetermination and empirical equivalence. Both tasks are tied to the unexplored issue of artificial gauge freedom, a valuable form of descriptive redundancy. Whereas Einstein took general covariance to characterize GTR, Kretschmann thought it merely a formal feature that any theory could have. Anderson and Friedman analyzed substantive general covariance as the lack of absolute objects, fields the same in all models. Some extant counterexamples and a new one involving the electron spinor field are resolved. However, Geroch and Giulini diagnose an absolute object in GTR itself in the metric's volume element. One might instead analyze substantive general covariance as formal general covariance achieved without hiding preferred coordinates as scalar "clock fields," recalling Einstein's early views. Theories with no metric or multiple metrics make the age of the universe meaningless or ambiguous, respectively, so the ancient and medieval debate over the eternity of the world should be recast. Particle physics provides case studies for empirical equivalence. Proca's electromagnetism with some nonzero photon mass constitutes a family of rivals to James Brian Pitts Maxwell's theory. Whereas any Proca theory can be distinguished empirically from Maxwell's, the Proca family approaches Maxwell's for small masses, yielding permanent underdetermination with only approximate empirical equivalence. The weak nuclear force also displays a smooth massless limit classically, but not after quantization, recalling the instability of empirical equivalence under change of auxiliary hypotheses. The standard electroweak theory apparently permits a photon mass term and hence underdetermination, but possible further unification might not. The question of underdetermination regarding massive gravity is unresolved. Physicists often reformulate a theory to install additional fields and new gauge symmetries preserving empirical content. Post-positivist philosophers might judge the result a distinct and inferior theory, but physicists consider it a perhaps superior formulation of the same theory. Evidently a step back from näıve realism towards mathematical-empirical equivalence is appropriate for physical ontology and theory individuation. Artificial gauge freedom licenses a generalized Kretschmann objection, but the clock field case suggests a resolution. For Dilkushi, more precious than jewels.


The utility model discloses a safety device for controlling automobile startup. The safety device comprises a central processing unit, a memory and an internal power supply for providing a work voltage for the entire safety device, wherein the central processing unit is connected with a driving license identifier, a fingerprint identifier, an alcohol concentration detection device and a control module for controlling an ignition circuit and on/off of the oil path of the automobile; the driving license identifier and the fingerprint identifier respectively convert the acquired driving license number and the fingerprint to a first electrical signal and a second electrical signal and transmit the two electrical signals to the central processing unit; the automobile can not be started when the input driving license number or the fingerprint is not correct so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of theft; and the alcohol concentration device converts the detected alcohol concentration into a third electrical signal and transmits to the central processing unit; and the automobile also can not be started if the alcohol concentration exceeds the standard so as to effectively prohibit the occurrence of drunken driving. The automobile can be started only when the correct driving license number and the correct fingerprint are inputted and the alcohol concentration does not exceed the standard.


The following work is a descriptive approach that seeks to know the Programs for the Improvement of Learning and Performance (PMAR), according to the vision of the students, teachers of the fields and counselors belonging to 6 IES of the Province of Seville. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data, which were subsequently subjected to content analysis and categorization. The results obtained show that, in some cases, the legislation is not followed exhaustively in the selection of students and the assessments of the agents involved differ markedly with respect to the program, being the most favorable those of the students. In conclusion, other measures are necessary to attend to all students who do not meet some of the requirements for access to PMAR.


Introduction: Many pregnant women experience discomforts during their pregnancy that are not severe, but may reduce their well-being. These minor discomforts such as vomiting, heartburn, and leg cramps can be troublesome and may affect the women's quality of life. Objective: This research aims to determine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and minor discomforts in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study. Participants were 202 pregnant women in Birnin-Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Systematic sampling was used for their recruitment. A self-report questionnaire was used for surveying socio-demographic characteristics and assessing the pattern and severity of minor discomforts. Chi-square(X2) test and ordinal logistic regression analysis were used for analyzing the collected data at 95% Confidence Interval(CI). Results: The age range of most women (42.1%) was 20-24 years. Most of them had their 2-4th pregnancy(37.6%) and a tertiary education (62.4%). There was a significant relationship between the variables of age, number of pregnancies and occupation and the occurrence of minor discomforts in pregnancy (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between the occupation and duration of minor discomforts (P<0.05), and between educational levels and mode of treatment for minor discomforts (P=0.05). The Odds Ratios(OR) in ordinal logistic regression models indicated that with one unit change in age, number of pregnancies and occupation, the duration of minor discomforts was 1.05(95% CI; 0.457-1.722, P=0.0001), 1.07(95% CI; 0.316-2.021, P=0.0001) and 1.07(95% CI; 0.662-2.063, P=0.0001) times more likely to change, respectively. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should consider the factors of age, number of pregnancies, and occupation when providing care to pregnant women. More research to address the minor discomforts in pregnancy is recommended using different methods.


We present recent measurements obtained using a new method for characterizing transition edge sensor (TES) calorimeters: We measured the electrical impedance of a TES calorimeter throughout the superconducting to normal metal phase transition. The impedance method enables us to previously measure how the resistance and heat capacity of the TES varied throughout the phase transition. These measurements probe the internal state of oru Mo/Au TES. We also present recent results from measurements of noise in our TESs. Our measurements are instrumental toward understanding and optimizing our TES calorimeters.


It is proposed to take into account the microbends of an optical fiber in order to find the induced birefringence in a ring resonator. It is shown that, due to the small bending radius at the coupling regions, the contribution from these regions to the total change in the optical length is comparable with the contribution of the main part of the resonator contour.


The infinite number of websites in the internet world can be classified into a number of categories depending on the purpose for classification.In educational institutions, it is required that the internet facility be used for academic purposes only. This can happen through accurate classification of network traffic into two classes, educational websites and non-educational websites. In educational institutes, for the optimum use of network resources the use of non-educational websites should be banned. In our research work, we explore the use of ML (machine learning) algorithms for classification of internet traffic into two classes. We discuss the basis for differentiating the traffic into these two classes, and investigate the impact of flexibility in making such differentiation on the performance of selected five ML algorithms. We also investigate the impact of class error in data set and propose a generalized feature subset which is robust against all these impacts. Results show that Bayes Net algorithm performs consistently for intended classification of internet traffic in terms of classification accuracy, training time of classifiers, recall and precision.


Two years ago, Indonesia imposed restrictions on exports of unprocessed bauxite in an effort to force companies to develop smelters that would make the country self-sufficient and create jobs. However, many firms including bauxite miners, said building smelters was unfeasible in the absence of supporting infrastructure and export revenue and the country's income from mining dropped in 2015, according to media reports. Meanwhile, issues with production and irregularities in export practices from the world's most important refractory bauxite mining region, China's Shanxi province, are continuing to warp the supply chain, although weak demand conditions staved off any impact on prices.

Indonesia's ban on bauxite exports, implemented in January 2014, failed to have an impact on non-metallurgical (non-met) bauxite in 2015. There were some concerns that the embargo on unbeneficiated ore would curb availability of non-met bauxite grades from China, because of China's reliance on Indonesian bauxite for domestic alumina production.

One of the notable highlights of the non-met bauxite market in the last five years has been its use in ceramic proppants for fracking. However, the drop in oil prices from over $115 a barrel in June 2014 to $45 at the end of November 2015 has had a sharp impact on ceramic proppant consumption, around half of which is used in North America. According to [Jess Roberts], the use of calcined bauxite in proppant production grew by more than 35% between 2011 and 2015 and proppants now represent the second largest market for non-met bauxite. Most ceramic proppant production based on a bauxite feedstock occurs in China (North American output is primarily kaolin-based).


Two-dimension and three-dimension topography of pulsed lasers ablation of tissues were scanned by means of optical coherent microscopy,in order to analyze the ablation characteristics of pulsed Erbium:YAG lasers for hard biological tissues.Experimental results indicate that under the same laser parameters,ablation efficiency for gall-stone is higher than that for urinary stone.The higher the intensities of pulsed lasers are,the higher the ablation efficiency will be for both gall-stone and urinary stone.The higher ablation efficiency mainly embodies that wider surface diameter,deeper height,and bigger volume for craters will be obtained.Measurements for stone craters using the optical coherent microscopy are higher by about one order than those using the optical coherent tomography.Optical coherent microscopy system can contribute to quantitatively measure hard tissues irradiated by pulsed lasers much better than optical coherent tomography system.


The invention discloses a cantilever pushing plug pin device of an ocean platform, which is used for realizing large-displacement and large-load cantilever pushing of the ocean platform. The cantilever pushing plug pin device mainly comprises a device base, a plug pin, an ejection mechanism, a plug pin rotating mechanism, a lubricating and sealing device and the like, wherein the device base is mainly formed by a seat plate, oil cylinder connecting hole plates, a guiding hook plate, a pin sleeve, a spring gland, hook plate screws and gland screws; the plug pin is formed by a pin head, a pin guiding sleeve and a pin rod; the ejection mechanism is formed by a compression spring and a spring regulating ring; the plug pin rotating mechanism is formed by a rotating handle and a handle connecting shaft; the lubricating and sealing device mainly comprises a gland sealing ring and a lubricating oil nozzle. Meanwhile, an arc surface of the plug pin is designed into a multivariate curved surface. The cantilever pushing plug pin device disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, high load pushing capability, small additional bending moment loss, simpleness in operation and the like.


The wide-spread interest in self-management reflects the disturbing fact that scaling information systems is often impaired by the burdens of management and operations. These concerns have motivated the development of technologies for self-healing, self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-protection. Regrettably, it is rare for these technologies to be deployed in production because of their hidden costs. For example, model-based approaches for configuration and optimization are powerful in laboratory demonstrations, but these approaches typically have high costs for model construction and maintenance. This talk discusses the need for a methodology for engineering autonomic systems that systematically addresses requirements, design, implementation, and assessment. The approach discussed in this talk is based on control theory, an approach that is widely used in other engineering disciplines to blend formal mathematics with practical insights to build robust systems.


An attempt is made to formulate guidelines for the design of airbreathing engines' squeeze film dampers, with emphasis on dimensionless shaft amplitude and transmitted force in the bearing-damper plane. Seven important nondimensional sets of variables, taken to be invariants, have been established with respect to various significant squeeze damper parameters. Attention is given to the effects of different nondimensional system parameters on two important nondimensional response parameters. The nondimensional analysis indicates that good vibration attenuation can be obtained for larger values of a newly postulated nondimensional number defined in terms of external oil supply pressure, oil viscosity, and operating speed. (O.C.)


" The discussion so far has treated boundaries from the point of view of the bounding states as space—organisms requiring a defensive epidermis, so to speak, against undesirable invaders, whether armies, smugglers, or immigrants. But this point of view overlooks the primary function of boundaries, which is to bound, i.e. to determine the limiting line on the earth's surface on one side of which all men and things are subject to the jurisdiction of one state, whereas the moment that line has bieen crossed everything is subject to another state. Such a line has therefore enormous significance for the lives of the people whose citizenship it alone determines. Not merely imder what govemment they must live, or for what state they must be ready to fight and die; but even where they may sell their products, where purchase their supplies, what language their schook must use, what history, hterature, and songs their children will learn, imder what national, cultural, and moral influence they will be brought up—all of these are determined for millions by the exact location of an international boundary line." (Hartshome: Annals of Assn. of Amer. Geogr., 1933, p. 199.)


to rickets. The one feature common to all cases seen by the writer in these countries is some dietary defect, and from this lie concludes that rickets is a dietetic disease. -The clhief difficulty in accepting a purely dietetic theory for the causation of rickets is the following well-known fact. If a number of children are placed under the same ljygienic conditions and fed on a similar ill-balanced artificial diet three things may occur:


This paper empirically analyses the relationship between bank capital and liquidity and the impact of those connections on the market probability of default. Our sample consist of an unbalanced panel of EU Large banks with listed CDS contracts during the period 2005-2015, which allow us to consider the impact of the recent financial crisis. We find that bank capital and funding liquidity risk as defined in Basel III have an economically meaningful bidirectional relationship. However, the effect on CDS spread is ambiguous. While capital has a large impact on CDS spread changes, liquidity risk is priced only when falls below the regulatory threshold. Moreover, the interaction between those variables depends on the overall level of risk.


International construction market is a typical buyer's market.To properly evaluate the international competitive-ness of construction firms under buyer's market,so that our construction firms can set up their competitive strategies,an international competitiveness analyzing path of construction firms based on competitive mechanism of buyer's market is modeled.This model includes the market position of a construction firmt,he five forces model,direct competitive factors and international competitiveness layer relations of the construction firm.The research demonstrates that this model shows the competitive properties of the construction market and the dynamic process of strategy management.Along the analyzing patht,he competitive factors of construction firms can be found objectively.


Building on the debate about the "attention economy" initiated by Michael Goldhaber and Rishab Aiyer Ghosh, I introduce the notion of valuing process, i.e. the process by which potential value can be translated in an economy. I show that the valuing processes applicable to attention depend on the nature of the media through which attention can be given and looked for. From there, I claim that the integration between attention and action, and the creation of a related literacy are the keys to the sustainable growth of an attention economy.


The impact of the parasitic swimbladder nematode, Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi & Itagaki, on European eel populations is assessed with reference to published research on its origin and rapid dissemination, life cycle and transmission dynamics, and its pathogenic effect. The parasite was originally endemic to East Asia, but has transferred from its native host, the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, to the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.) and American eel, Anguilla rostrata (Le Seur). Anguillicola crassus is a very successful colonizer and is now known to occur in four continents (Asia, Europe, Africa and America). The nematode can severely impair swimbladder function and has caused mortalities in both farmed and wild populations in the presence of other stressors. Anguillicola crassus may impair the capacity of European eels to complete the spawning migration, although direct evidence is not available to support this hypothesis. Areas for future research are recommended.


typology, its genecological differentiation, its variation in growth and its genetic variation detected by isoenzymatic and molecular markers. Based on the abundant research, a step to a second experimental phase is proposed to select populations capable of adapting to the new environmental conditions resulting from climate change, which must consider the microbiome of this species. It is proposed that, in this way, efficient conservation and restoration of N. glauca will be achieved.


The recitation style of Quran known as "tajweed" follows certain age-old practice embodied in phonetic specifications. Over the past millennium, explications of the principles (or rules) of tajweed have been recycled again and again in literally hundreds of publications of varied length and detail. However, and probably out of obvious veneration for Quran, the phonetic rules of the tajweed enterprise have never been subjected to academically-based phonetic scrutiny, let alone critique. This has been the state despite the fact that tajweed تجويد , as a term does not occur in Quran itself or in the texts of the Prophet 's tradition ألحديث    . The term tarteel ترتيل (careful reading) and few other terms of similar meaning are used. The purpose of this essay is to problematize the need for such scrutiny. This article focuses only on one set of tajweed rules subsumed under idghaam ادغام (consonantal regressive assimilation). The study has culled relevant data and propositions of received wisdom from the sources and has also identified sub-types of assimilation which are not in consonance with current (twenty-first) phonetic scholarship. Keywords: Quran, Tajweed rules, phonetics, (un)motivated assimilation rules


Islamophobia is one of the most prevailing phenomena in the Western world after 9/11 events. At the same time America launches a military war against Muslim countries, an intellectual war also begins. Its weapons are political speeches, talk shows, newspapers articles, and the most important among all; cartoons. This study tries to cover the semiotic and rhetorical techniques prevailing in a collection of American anti-Islam and also pro-Islam cartoons. It compares both kinds of cartoons to give a better understanding of how language can reveal hidden messages. It also answers two important questions: do anti-Islam cartoons express a freedom of speech, or reveal an abusive content? And how do pro-Islam cartoons face this?


The feature extracted by the rotation invariants of radial Tchebichef moments could make the image analysis more effectively. However, the classical method adopted integral point sampling which has defects of too many sampling points in the centre of unit circle and insufficient samplings on the edge of the circle. It reduces the efficiency of feature extraction. In order to resolve this problem, we adopt Mukundan's square-to-circular transformation to project square image to circle grids. By making the discrete radial Tchebichef polynomials orthogonal in radial direction to the discrete radial Tchebichef polynomials orthogonal in circumferential direction, a kind of new discrete radial Bi-Tchebichef moments can be constructed. The experimental results show that the suggested method is better than Mukundan's method as the size of image is large.


Metal complexes of [NiL2(NO3)2] (1), [CuL2(NO3)2] (2) and [ZnL2(NO3)2] (3) with the 1-trifluoroethoxyl-2,9,10-trimethoxy-7-oxoaporphine (L) ligand were synthesized. We discovered that complexes 1–3 exhibited considerable anticancer activity in vitro via simultaneously targeting microtubules and mitochondria. Complexes 1–3 impaired mitochondrial bioenergetic function by causing ATP depletion and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. They also triggered excessive generation of intracellular ROS and Ca2+, activated caspase-3 and caspase-9, and triggered mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways. In addition, complexes 1–3 were shown by SPR and CETSA assays to have a good binding affinity for β-tubulin. Tubulin polymerization analysis suggested that complexes 1–3 promoted tubulin polymerization into microtubules, and disrupted the microtubule cytoskeleton network, which caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Complexes 1–3 ultimately activated a strongly apoptotic response. Complexes 1 and 2 displayed high cancer growth inhibition efficacy in mice bearing T-24 xenografts, and had a good in vivo safety profile. Complexes 1–3 have the potential to become anticancer agents through targeting microtubule and mitochondria.


The present study aims to explore the thermal comfort conditions in naturally ventilated low-rise apartment units in Chennai, experiencing warm humid climate. Thermal comfort conditions in living rooms and bedrooms of three apartment units are analysed using Ecotect v5.2 software. Thermal behaviour of the rooms are analysed in relation to their orientation, window to wall ratio, position of window openings and exposed surface area.


Abstract This paper presents an evaluation study of the five dynamic stall models in the rotorcraft comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II. The five models are the Johnson, Boeing, Leishman-Beddoes, ONERA Edlin, and ONERA BH models. Oscillating airfoil results show that all five models can compute the lift stall reasonably well, while the Johnson, Leishman-Beddoes, and ONERA BH models can compute the stall peaks in the pitching moment fairly accurately. In the rotor environment, all stall models predict the stall locations fairly well, but all are unable to compute the right magnitudes of the pitching moment peaks. Proper wake modeling can be crucial in the calculation of the stall events. Small changes in collective pitch and in blade twist distribution do not significantly affect the stall calculation.


Hijras the Transsexuals have to be comprehensively understood from psychosocial lenses along with the biological point of view. Review of the literature reveals that most issues are discussed about normal men and women (who go by accepted heteronormativity and have acceptance of their assigned gender at birth) and there is dearth of research about the gender conflicted individuals like transsexuals. How far are the findings about men and women applicable to transsexuals is questionable. Current study aims at understanding the wellbeing, social life, community life, sexuality issues, emotional intelligence, factors of personality and pattern of addiction among Transsexuals. Study also aims at understanding the relation between variables like socio demographics, personality, emotional intelligence, health and addictions with wellbeing and also to know the predictors of wellbeing as well as understand specific and unique markers of wellbeing, social reality and culture of Hijras, Sexuality issues of transsexuals have been studied by adopting qualitative enquiries. To understand the issues related to transsexuals in their entirety a mixed method approach specifically sequential explanatory design has been adopted.


This article discusses pedagogical practices from the use of GEOGEBRA software in the teaching learning process, considering the support and receptivity of teachers for this. It seeks here to know the reality of teachers, to identify their training and skills in the area of technology and the possibility of investing in teacher training, discussing the extent to which this program promotes learning and renewal in the pedagogical praxis of teachers in the university and the possible obstacles in their use and how this context affects the student. The theoretical framework was obtained as the approaches that best deal with the


5-(N-Substitutedarylidenehydrazono)-2-(4-chloroaryl)-3-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazolidines (IVa-e) have been synthesized by oxidative debenzylation and cyclization with bromine in chloroform from the corresponding 5-(4-chloroaryl)-1-(substitutedarylideneamino)-2-S-benzyliso-4-biurets (IIIa-e) or by the oxidation of corresponding 1-(substituted-arylideneamino)-5-(4-chloroaryl)-2,4-thiobiurets (Va-e), obtained from IIla-e by reductive debenzylation with hydrogen sulphide in a mixture of pyridine and triethylamine. 2-S-Benzyliso-4-biurets (IIIa-e), in turn, were prepared by the condensation of 2-S-benzyliso-1-substitutedarylthiosemi-carbazone (IIa-e) with 4-chlorophenylisocyanate. Thiadiazolidines (IVa-e) have been characterized by their element analyses, IR, 1 H-NMR and 1 3 C-NMR. Anti-fungal screening of these compounds against ten fungi has been done by glass slides methods. The compound (1000 μg/ml) containing dichlorogroup (IVe) showed maximum inhibitory effect (99.6 %) against Fusarium udum. The compound possessing dichloro group (IVe) have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties as they down regulate NF-κB transcription factor.


Focus group discussions are used to examine individuals' perceptions and experiences of a particular topic (Kitzinger, 1994; Tinnfalt, 2007). The method has been used since the 1920s in studies of attitudes and perceptions (McLafferty, 2004; Walden, 2006). The term "focus group" refers to a researcher interviewing several people at once. In other words, people sit in groups and discuss a specific topic chosen by the researcher. The participants control the contents of the discussion. The interviewer sets the focus in the session, but generally has relatively little control over the conversation (Trost, 2005). Participants can freely discuss the given topic. The goal is to explore perceptions, ideas, and values in a group of individuals and how their feelings can affect their behavior (Walden, 2006). PI-interviews are a new type of focus groups, developed together with young people. The PI interview introduces creative elements into the group's work (see Norberg, Ystrom & Brunnberg, 2008a; Norberg, Ystrom & Brunnberg, 2008b; Brunnberg, 2009). The interviewer/moderator leads the focus group and can sometimes intervene to support the interviewees so that all participants' views can come up. The moderator can also take action to deepen the discussion. Often an observer is present in the room. A tape recorder or video camera can be used to record the session. If no video recording is made, observers can make a sketch of the participants' positioning in the room to facilitate the subsequent process of analysis. The observer remains passive in the conversation but takes notes and makes observations about the group interaction, body language, etc. The number of participants in a focus group usually varies between four and twenty (McLafferty, 2004). The recommended number of participants is six to twelve (Walden, 2006). The number chosen can be influenced by the situation, the age of the participants, and the theme to be discussed. It can also be chosen to create a comfortable situation for the participants. Small and homogeneous groups tend to work better than heterogeneous groups (McLafferty, 2004).


Transient receptor potential, or TRP, ion channels are a superfamily of non‐selective cation transmembrane proteins expressed in many tissues. These channels play a key role in the sensory signaling of taste, thermosensation, mechanosensation, and nociception. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, or TRPV1, a member of the TRP family of ion channels, specifically responds to both heat and spice. The activation of this channel occurs when a ligand, such as capsaicin, binds to the ligand‐binding site, replacing phosphatidylinositol lipids. Capsaicin is a chemical compound commonly found in chili peppers that transmits sensation of taste and pain when it binds to TRPV1. Neuropathic pain, inflammation, and reduced ability to detect stimuli are all symptoms associated with dysfunctional TRPV ion channels. The Summit Country Day School MSOE Center for Biomolecular Modeling MAPS Team used 3D modeling and printing technology to examine the structure‐function relationship of the interaction between the TRPV1 ion channel and capsaicin. TRPV ion channels are homotetramers, and individual polypeptide chains contain a transmembrane domain composed of the pore region and vanilloid binding pocket. Capsaicin molecules have been shown to bind to the vanilloid binding pocket located above the S4‐S5 linker of one monomer of the TRPV1 tetramer. Two main restriction points in the ion permeation channel were identified. A vanilloid agonist displaces phosphatidylinositide, facilitating the formation of a salt bridge between Arg557 and Glu570, which pulls the S4‐S5 linker away from the central axis, opening the lower gate of the pore. The binding of capsaicin to the pocket leaves the selective permeability filter closed but the lower ion gate partially open. This channel is considered as a possible target for the creation of therapeutic treatments for chronic pain. TRPV1 antagonists, such as capsaicin, may play a key role in blocking chronic pain. Capsaicin is already used as a component in topical pain patches and natural and synthetic molecules related to capsaicin have been tested for their ability to decrease response to pain. In the recent movement to decrease the prescription of brain‐based pain‐blocking medication in response to the opioid epidemic, TRPV1 channels may play a significant role in the development of new therapeutic options in the treatment of pain.


These famous f irst lines from Laozi's 老子 Daode jing 道 德经 incorporate a whole theory of representation, one that has been immensely influential throughout Chinese history. This originary formula, contemporary with the beginning of the written history of Chinese medicine, teaches us that all efforts to understand ultimate realities through any form of representation will fail. The lasting Way, the permanent names, may be approached, but they cannot be captured by mere human devices. Language and all forms of representation necessarily fall short of ultimate realities, and Laozi teaches us to forego all ambitions of taming reality by naming it. At the same time, though, this ancient formula paradoxically invites us to think about representation in a different way. The idealism of the Laozi text is rigorous, no doubt: if the goal is to achieve harmony with elusive cosmic patterns, to become one with the Dao, human ethical systems and the names on which they rely can only fall short. In the text as a whole (as is well known), the ethical principles taught by Confucian thinkers are depicted as especially misleading, substituting hypocrisy, arrogance, and ungenerous calculation for directness, surrender, and spontaneity. Mere mortals armed only with a familiar morality and conventional classif ications (names), will never become one with the lasting Dao; in fact our ethical practice leads us ever further from it. Most of us, however, are not world-renouncing Daoists. Under these circumstances, we might as well abandon any more properly 'Daoist' aims of converging with cosmic process. The way that can be realised is not the lasting way. Shouldn't we, then, concern ourselves with the realisable? On the question of names, in what follows I want to trace in modern forms of representation a more properly 'ethical' (or Confucian?) question: what can human language achieve? How should names be improved to encourage virtue or wisdom in mere mortals? What are the forms of representation that can be both uttered and realised? If the great names known to metaphysics necessarily miss their always-transforming cosmic referents, then we must ask what a more concrete and particular naming process can achieve. For present purposes I want to add a line to the f irst chapter of the Daode jing: 'Hua kehua fei chang hua' 画可 画非常画 – the picture that can be drawn is not the lasting picture. Pictures have their own ways of assigning names and limiting reference, their own generic shortcomings in efforts to reach the Dao. A picture may be worth a thousand words, as the English proverb has it, but if words fundamentally fail to tell us the truth, if they fail to name the 'lasting Way', then pictures also fail. The philosophical point holds for all forms of representation. At the same time, pictures, words, and conventional morality do something. It is this 'something', this humble functionality of words and images, which can be approached through a reading of popular graphic versions of Chinese medicine and philosophy. The comic books I consider in what follows are examples of a popular genre of publishing devoted to the classics of Chinese thought, as I will describe below. I will ultimately argue that these humble and unpretentious cartoons are effective in surprising ways. This effectiveness is limited, but interesting for an ethnography of reading and for a study of visual rhetorics. So I argue there that cartoons are as successful as many other genres in capturing and conveying the meanings – and perhaps especially the practical implications – of ancient Chinese medical and metaphysical works; and where they fail it is for similar reasons. In other words, I will conclude with a return to Laozi's scepticism about the powers of language and representation, but I want to suggest that in practice there may be syntheses a philosopher cannot dream of. In what follows, I will maintain a focus on both the successes and failures of visual representation in medical materials published for popular consumption. Successes and failures are here conceived in relation to the goal of representing – making present again – a reality. As often as not, this might be conceived of as producing a full and accurate idea of something for a knower, making a sign that fully evokes its referent. I adopt this def inition in an effort to remain true to the representational goals of the language of the Daode jing rather than in relation to contemporary semiotics or literary realism. The concerns of linguistic semiotics have informed this chapter to some extent, but I have avoided technicalities while attending more centrally to indigenous Chinese approaches to language and representation. After some historical preliminaries, I will provide a reading of a few examples from medical classic comics from the point of view of content analysis. I will then turn to some popular appropriations of these comics drawn from f ield research in Beijing in 2003,


The invention discloses a method for judging an identity based on keyboard-mouse crossed certification, which organically combines keystroke behavior certification and mouse behavior certification together and comprises the following steps: selecting the keystroke behavior certification or the mouse behavior certification as a preferred mechanism or an alternative mechanism for identity certification at random in the process of registering an identity by a user; allowing the user to pass the certification when the preferred identity certification mechanism certification is successful; using the alternative certification mechanism to perform identity certification again when the preferred identity certification mechanism certification is failed; adopting the mouse behavior certification to perform identity certification again when detecting that the keystoke behavior of the user is abnormal in the process of identity monitoring of the user; and adopting the keystroke behavior certification to perform identity certification again when detecting that the mouse behavior of the user is abnormal. The invention utilizes the advantages and suitable fields of two biological behavior characteristics identifications to improve fault tolerance, overcome incompleteness of single biological behavior characteristic information and broaden safety and applicability thereof.


This paper is an extension of previous work by Magee and Funabashi on the influence of electronic coupling on dissociation mechanisms. The same model (linear chain of diatomic molecules) has again been considered. The use of a dynamical version of the Hellmann—Feynman theorem allows the development of a unified treatment valid for any coupling. An application to an infinite linear chain of hydrogen moleculeions is made, and the following results are found:(1) In the weak‐coupling case, immediate dissociation occurs.(2) In the intermediate case, the electronic excitation energy is converted into vibrational energy, mainly localized on the molecule initially excited. Redistribution of the vibrational energy then occurs.(3) In the strong‐coupling case, dissociation does not occur. Many molecules vibrate with comparable amplitudes.Short chains, containing two, three, four, and seven molecules, are also considered. For these it is found that two or more dissociations usually occur regardless of the type of cou...


The parent body of the howardites, eucrites and diogenites (HEDs) is thought to be asteroid (4) Vesta [1]. However, several eucrites have now been recognized, like NWA 011 and Ibitira, with major element compositions and mineralogy like normal eucrites but with different oxygen isotope compositions and minor element concentrations suggesting they are not from the same body [2, 3]. The discoveries of abnormal eucrites and V-type asteroids that are probably not from Vesta [see 4] raise the question whether the HEDs with normal oxygen isotopes are coming from Vesta [3]. To address this issue and understand more about the evolution of Vesta in preparation for the arrival of the Dawn spacecraft, we integrate fresh insights from Ar-Ar dating and oxygen isotope analyses of HEDs, radiometric dating of differentiated meteorites, as well as dynamical and astronomical studies of Vesta, the Vesta asteroid family (i.e., the Vestoids), and other V-type asteroids.


The invention discloses quick-drying scratch-resistant varnish composition with high solid content. The quick-drying scratch-resistant varnish composition comprises varnish and a curing agent in a volume ratio being 2:1, wherein the varnish comprises components in parts by weight as follows: 60-80 parts of acrylic resin, 3-20 parts of polyester resin, 0.4-1 part of a leveling agent, 0.02-0.5 parts of a catalyst, 1-2 parts of an ageing-resistant auxiliary and 10-20 parts of a first solvent; the curing agent comprises components in parts by weight as follows: 60-80 parts of isocyanate and 10-20 parts of a second solvent. The quick-drying scratch-resistant varnish composition with high solid content has quick-drying performance and scratch resistance, further has good paint film property, workability and high construction solid content and is particularly applicable to painting for automobile repairing, and the VOC (volatile organic compounds) can be reduced to 420 g/L or lower.


This study aims to investigate the production of monacolin K, citrinin and pigments in noodle waste angkak fermented by 4 strains of Monascusincluding Monascussp. PSRU03, M. purpureusATCC16365, M. purpureus BCC6131 and M. ruberTISTR3006. The results found that angkak samples from 4 strains of Monascuscontained pigments of 95.65 – 293.87 unit/g DM, monacolin K contents of 8.05-34.47 mg/kg DM, and citrinin contents of 2.13-3.11 mg/kg DM. Among tested strains of molds, Monascussp. PSRU03 produced high monacolin K and lowest citrinin contents in noodle. Furthermore, this strain also produced the highest content of pigments. Therefore, this study suggested that Monascussp. PSRU03 has a potential for using as starter culture in the production process of noodle waste angkak.


We study energy flow between two resistors coupled by an arbitrary linear and lossless electric circuit. We show that the fluctuations of energy transferred between the resistors are determined by random scattering of photons on an effective barrier with frequency dependent transmission probability $\ensuremath{\tau}(\ensuremath{\omega})$. We express the latter in terms of the circuit parameters. Our results are valid in both quantum and classical regimes and for nonequilibrium electron distribution functions in the resistors. Our theory is in good agreement with recent experiment performed in the classical regime.


A high efficency evaporator with rational structure on the basis of summarizing experiences and cosulting various achievements in scientific research is designed. Attention was called for problems in design, intensifying ways for the evaporater were discussed.


Single-wire power transfer (SWPT) can achieve a similar effect as wireless power transfer by using inherent facilities as the transport media, and the different selection of the transport media can lead to a great difference in the system transfer efficiency. In this article, the electromagnetic properties, structural variations, and bending variations of the transport media in the system are investigated based on an SWPT method that does not constitute a loop. The results show that electrical conductivity plays a dominant role in the SWPT system, whereas increasing the magnetic permeability will hinder the power transfer; for the shape of the transport media, no matter what cross-sectional shape and area of the transport media are used, the changes of the system efficiency are very small; the length of the transport media determines the transfer distance, and the system efficiency will decrease with the increase of the length of the transport media; when the bending of the transport media occurs, the different bending positions have different effects on the system transfer effect, the bending at the center of the transport media has the greatest effect on the transfer effect, whereas the bending near the receiver side has the least effect.


We study the problem of learning classification functions from noiseless training samples, under the assumption that the decision boundary is of a certain regularity. We establish universal lower bounds for this estimation problem, for general classes of continuous decision boundaries. For the class of locally Barron-regular decision boundaries, we find that the optimal estimation rates are essentially independent of the underlying dimension and can be realized by empirical risk minimization methods over a suitable class of deep neural networks. These results are based on novel estimates of the $L^1$ and $L^\infty$ entropies of the class of Barron-regular functions.


Frame and water cultural methods were used to study the relationship between sensitivity to chlorimuron-ethyl and assimilation and conductivity in different sugarbeet varieties. The results showed that there was a non-linear relationship between the tolerant character and assimilation of clorimuron-ethyl among the sugarbeets; when clorimuron-ethyl was sprayed on tolerant sugarbeet leaves within 48h,the content of clorimuron-ethyl is significantly different in the tolerant and the sensitive sugarbeet roots. After clorimuron-ethyl was sprayed on tolerant sugarbeet leaves,the chlorimuron-ethyl in leaves metabolized rapidly and little chlorimuron-ethyl was conducted to the sugarbeet roots. The poison of clorimuron-ethyl in a short time is one reason of forming tolerant characteristics to clorimuron-ethyl.


This article aims at understanding and analyzing the features of value-based attitudes to work and career motivations of modern youth in the context of the theory of generations. The principles of building and developing the career of the young generation in the conditions of labor market transformation as a result of technological and informational innovations are formulated. The article presents the results of a survey of senior graduate students of leading universities in Irkutsk Oblast. The survey shows the most preferred ways of employment and key factors in choosing a future job. The results of the study can be used by regional structures for interaction with young people to make managerial decisions, by employers interested in attracting and securing promising young employees, as well as by young specialists themselves when determining their labor motivations and career paths.


The present study was conducted to investigate the actual status of bereavement experience in the general population of Japan. Data were collected via questionnaires from a nationally representative sample of Japanese aged 12 years and older from the National Survey of Trends of Health and Welfare by the Department of Health and Welfare of Japan in 2000. The number of valid questionnaires was 32,022 (15,217 male, 16,597 female, and 208 unidentified). Among them, 1082 people (410 males and 672 females) answered that they had experienced the death of a person close to them within the last month. This means that approximately 5% of the general population had experienced bereavement within the month prior to the survey. The bereavement experience caused modest but substantial elevation in depressive symptoms. The middle-aged population most commonly experienced bereavement, and women were more likely to be affected seriously by bereavement. These results suggested that appropriate mental health strategies for bereaved people are important from a public mental health point of view.


Let G be a finite primitive permutation group with a non-trivial, non-regular normal subgroup N, and let γ be an orbit of a point stabilizer Nα. Then each composition factor S of N α occurs as a section of the permutation group induced by Nα on F. The case N = G is a theorem of Wielandt. The general result and some of its corollaries are useful for studying automorphism groups of combinatorial structures.


This paper describes recent advances to a laser‐driven flyer system. In this technique, laser‐induced plasma is used to drive miniature flyer plates at velocities approaching 10 km/s. The flyers are launched from substrate‐backed metal films and are typically less than 1 mm in diameter and a few microns thick. The system has found application in detonics, high‐strain rate testing and micrometeorite simulation. Recent advances described here are concerned with manipulating the flyer profile and enhancing performance. A fiber‐optic delivery system is used to alter the spatial intensity distribution of the launch pulse. High‐speed photography was used to verify the effectiveness of this technique as illustrated by the excellent correlation between beam profile and flyer shape. A technique using bi‐layered films was developed with a view to improving the energy efficiency of the system. The kinetic energy of flyers launched with the additional layer was found to be enhanced by a factor of near three.


This article bases on the design of step-control procedures. Expound the design and schematic circuit of simple step-shift controller which is make up of integrated circuits in common use, a small number of independent electronic components, power electron switching devices etc. After the shift controller which is made according to this line of thought testing in the lab,it proved the feasibility of this design.


of territorial communities requires the improvement of the legislative and organizational basis of public management and the provision of public services; ensuring a timely response of state and local authorities to the emergence of socio-economic and environmental problems; ensuring close cooperation between public authorities and the public; improvement of the process of development of forecast and program documentation and implementation of strategic environmental assessment of state planning; improvement of the process of training specialists in the field of public administration by improving educational and professional programs to ensure the sustainable development of territorial communities; development of the Strategy of public management of sustainable development of territorial communities in Ukraine.


Commentary on: Hale RL, Phillips CA. Mentoring up: A grounded theory of nurse-to-nurse mentoring. J Clin Nurs 2018. 10.1111/jocn.14636.

Mentoring is used in a variety of professional settings. New graduates entering a professional field of practice as well as established nurses moving into a new practice setting or a new role may receive mentoring as part of the role transition process. A review of the literature includes descriptions of formal and informal mentoring as well as the description of mentoring in the role transition process. The goal of the study by Hale and Phillips was to develop a theory to address the processes involved in nurse-to-nurse mentoring relationships.1

Using a grounded theory approach, Hale and Phillips explored the experience of proteges in a mentoring …


AbstractDartmoor, a granite massif in SW England, boasts the most completely preserved landscape of the 2nd millennium B.C. in Europe, with numerous burial cairns, houses, enclosures, fields, and territorial boundaries surviving. Systematic mapping of these remains has been in progress in the last decade, mainly by the University of Sheffield. This paper describes a low-lying area of moorland partially threatened by tungsten mining. The prehistoric fields on Crownhill Down represent a piecemeal layout in contrast to the systematic "reave" systems known elsewhere on the moor. Abandoned ca. 1000 B.C., the area was not recolonized for farming until the medieval period, ca. 1000 A.C. in the period of land hunger that continued to the 14th century. Ditched field systems and boundaries and a longhouse (a farmhouse with accommodation for both humans and livestock) belong to this period. From the 16th century the Down has been mined for tin, arsenic, and tungsten. This present survey attempts to demonstrate the l...


Objective To observe the effect of local mild hypothermia on expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein(XIAP) and Caspase-9 after rat focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion and to study the mechanism of neuroprotection by mild hypothermia.Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusision(MCAO)and reperfusion rat model were prepared by modified thread embolism.The rats were randomly divided into normal,sham-operated,normothermia and mild hypothermia group.The latter 2 groups respectively were further divided into 6 subgroups according to reperfusion interval such as 3,6,12,24,72 h and 7 days.Mild hypothermia at focal side were performed in 30 min after ischemia for 4 h.Neural functional defect evaluation was conducted before death.Pathological changes were observed with hematoxylin and eosin dye.The expressions of XIAP and Caspase-9 were assessed by immunohistochemical method.Results Assessment of neural functional defect in the mild hypothermia group was significantly lower than that in the normothermia group(P0.05).The expression of XIAP began to increase after reperfusion for 3 h,and peaked at 24 h of reperfusion.Compared with normothermia group,the expression of XIAP markedly increased at 12,24,72 h in mild hypothermia group(P0.05).The expression of Caspase-9 was the same tendency expression of XIAP in normothermia group,but the peak delayed at 72 h in hypothermia group.Compared with normothermia group,The expression of Caspase-9 markedly decreased at 6,12,24 h,and increased at 72 h and 7 days in hypothermia ischemia group(P0.05).Conclusion Mild hypothermia might increase expression of XIAP by interfere with protein synthesis and decrease expression of Caspase-9,then attenuate neuronal apoptosis.


Agent supervision is a form of control/customization where a supervisor restricts the behavior of an agent to enforce certain requirements, while leaving the agent as much autonomy as possible. In this work, we investigate supervision of an agent that may acquire new knowledge about her environment during execution, for example, by sensing. Thus we consider an agent's online executions, where, as she executes the program, at each time point she must make decisions on what to do next based on what her current knowledge is. This is done in a setting based on the situation calculus and a variant of the ConGolog programming language. To reason about such agents, we first define a notion of online situation-determined agent which ensures that for any sequence of actions that the agent can perform online, the resulting agent configuration is unique. We then present our formalization of the online maximally permissive supervisor.


The working time of single battery capacity for KTN101 mine rescue command device can be lasted by using the dormant and awakening mechanism; for this purpose,a long-distance transmission function module for the environmental data was thus designed and realized,so the persons both in the surface command center and underground base can make correct decisions according to the environmental data real-timely transmitted from the scene of the accident so as to ensure the safety of distress persons and rescue personnel; at the same time,the mating use of the long-distance real-time transmission of environmental data with the dormant and awakening function can avoid the direct investigation of the accident and reduce casualties in the second rescue.


This study examines the relationship between employee's attitude and organizational performance in service firms in port rivers state. A well structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 200 residents. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was utilized for data analysis. The study made use of description analysis to analyze the demographic characteristics of the respondents while regression analysis was used to analyze the hypotheses stated in the study. Finding from the analysis suggested that attitude is responsible for performances, as employee's attitude measures used in the study was found to have a positive significant effect on organizational performances. It was concluded that attitude of workers should early be detected if an organization wishes for long-term growth and performances as this has the capacity to increase the profitability, survival and growth of the organization or liquidate the firm. It was recommended among others that organizations should motivate employees so as to put up a positive attitude to work as this have been discovered as factor affecting performance.


Recently, Villastrigo et al. (2017b) published a new classification of the species of the tribe Hygrotini (subfamily Hydroporinae) based on a thorough phylogenetic investigation using molecular as well as morphological data (Villastrigo et al. 2017a).


Fluoroquinolones are frequently prescribed antibiotics. Recently, the Dutch medicines evaluation board CBG warned about the risk of aortic aneurysms and dissections with the use of fluoroquinolones. We reviewed the three articles used in this warning. We consider that the evidence for a causal relationship is limited. The hazard ratio for the association with fluoroquinolones and aortic aneurysms was around 2. The absolute risk is low given the low prevalence in the general population. However, aortic aneurysms and dissections are life-threatening conditions and must be taken serious. We advise what to do in case of known aortic aneurysms or the presence of multiple risk factors.


The effect of heat treatment on various physical properties in Zr80Ni20 metallic glass has been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and electrical resistivity measurements. Experimental values for the crystallisation temperature and activation energy of the crystallisation processes were derived by studying these processes at different heating rates. The electrical resistivity of the annealed samples up to a temperature slightly above the first crystallization exotherm decreases with decreasing heating rates and increasing annealing temperatures. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of the samples has been interpreted in terms of the weak localization of electrons and contribution by electron–phonon scattering. The contribution by electron–phonon scattering increases with increasing the fraction of crystalline phases in the glass matrix. The superconducting transition temperature, Tc, of the Zr80Ni20 metallic glass annealed at heating rates of 60 K/min and 10 K/min up to annealing temperatures below its second crystallisation exotherm decreases with decreasing heating rates and increasing annealing temperatures. The homogeneity of the annealed Zr80Ni20 metallic glass is discussed by using the superconducting transition width as a criterion. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Using the panel data of manufacturing industries in China from 1984 to 2007,the author tests the effects of infrastructure such as transportation,communication,electric power etc on the comparative advantage of China.The findings indicate that in the sample session the effect of transportation and communication infrastructure on comparative advantage is not obvious whereas the influence of the growth rate of electric power infrastructure on the exaltation of comparative advantage in the manufacturing industries is significant,especially in the industry of capital products and the heavy industry of semifinished products.


Objective. Biologics have been linked to both anti-autoimmune and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. We examine the long-term effects of biologics on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in a real-world analytic cohort study using a nationwide database. Design. We designed a cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan between 1997 and 2010. Methods. Based on biologics and other anti-rheumatic agent prescriptions, we divided all patients into either the biologics group or the non-biologics group. The outcomes were the incidence rate of each comorbidity and the hazard ratio of each comorbidity between those using biologics and those not. We followed patients from the index date to the date on which the database ended. Results. In total, 19,681 patients were eligible for analysis in this study. During an average follow-up of 15 years, the event rates of each comorbidity differed significantly between the users and non-users of biologics with regard to cardiovascular comorbidity, metabolic comorbidity, rheumatologic comorbidity, and the miscellaneous comorbidity (all p 0.05). Conclusions. Biologics may have benefits beyond arthritis control with regard to reducing real-world comorbidities.


There are proposed to display a system and method, when the oil of an engine must be changed. The system includes the measurement of motor parameters such as the engine temperature, the fuel supply rate to the engine speed and the engine load, on. At timed intervals, the production of soot, the viscosity increase and reduction of the total base number (TBN) by a calculation for this time interval can be estimated. The estimated values from the calculations are summed in separate loops. As soon as the sum of the production of soot, the viscosity increase or TBN depletion reaches a predetermined size for these respective oil property, an indication or signal is provided to indicate to the operator the need for a motor oil change. The system is supplemented with real-time sensors, such as an oil level sensor, a soot sensor and a viscosity sensor, which provide a backup of the calculation of estimated values and also prevent catastrophic engine conditions by the electronic calculation of estimated values can not be detected. The system and method can also correct the sum of the oil consumption which is caused by the evaporation of oil or oil leakage. The algorithms used in the calculations can be matched to the oil quality and the fuel sulfur as well as on the structure of the motor so that the motor can be used at various geographic locations.


The paper represents an account of the translation performance of master students at the Faculty of Letters in Brasov, Romania. More precisely, it focusses on their translating verb plus verbal noun collocations and the impact that their choices have on the target language text. The assessment is based on a bilingual parallel learner corpus made up of the English source-language text and a small-size Romanian translational sub- corpus. The research leads to findings relative to the quality of the translations, measures for improvement and the importance of adequate translation of linguistic devices affecting the target text stylistically.


his sixteenth-century tapestry captures an equestrian lady, her sparrowhawk, and a gentleman alongside a second set of hunters in a floral frame (fig. 1). The male and female human subjects appear to signify lovers in an idyllic setting, but what has the trained hunting bird to do with them? This common image might suggest that falconry allowed men and women to cavort together in secluded woodland settings, temporarily freed from the confines of the court. 1 Yet at the center of the tapestry the lady tightens her grip on the sparrowhawk as its wings spread, a gesture that confines even as it creates movement. This tense grip suggests that the arduous phases of falconry training loomed behind such images, and familiarity with this training laced such lovers' portraits with anxiety about fidelity—between species as well as between lovers. A medieval audience would approach this lady's avian companion with a mix of approval and trepidation. Sparrowhawks' hunting precision and small size made them optimal hunting partners for female falconers. But, like all birds of prey and unlike the dog and horses in the hunting scene, sparrowhawks naturally fear and avoid humans. Hawking manuals taught aspiring falconers to quell this fear in order to train birds to hunt with them. The training process was slow and


The article elaborates the connection and difference between information services and knowledge services, the inevitability of the transformation of information services into knowledge services and the characteristics of knowledge services. It also discusses the deep impact of modern information environment and knowledge services on the library, analyzes the disparity of information services and the connotation of knowledge services, and points out that knowledge services are fundamental to libraries. Keywords—information services; knowledge services; service


A more sustainable heat supply of the built environment is needed to reach the policy-goal of a climate neutral economy in The Netherlands in 2050. This paper presents a method of a spatial energy-model to calculate the economic profitable CO2-reduction potential of a sustainable heat supply in the energy-demanding built environment in the Netherlands. The model can be used to evaluate national energy outlooks and to advice policy-makers to improve policy decision making in the energy-field. Objects of analyze are the CO2-reduction potential and costs of energy measures. Two main options concerning the type of measures are possible in the model which can be run separately or both. Reduction of the heat demand (energy-conservation) by building measures and the use of the potential of district heating measures. Options for district heating consists of: waste heat for electricity and industrial plants, geothermal heating, combined heat and power district heating (CHPDH) and systems for ground source heat pump (GSHP). The potential of district heating depends on the local availability of the heat sources on one hand and on the intensity and extent of the heat demand on the other hand. For this purpose the spatial energy-model uses highly detailed geographical data of residential buildings and the service sector. With the aid of energy characteristics for the different types of buildings the heat demand is calculated in each zipcode 4-area of the Netherlands. Next the cost-effectiveness of district heating to the nearest option (heat source) of district heating for each zipcode 4-area is calculated by the net present value (NPV) viewed from the perspective of the heat supplier. By considering only the nearest heat source for each zipcode 4-area calculation time is limited. A disadvantage of this algorithm is that the cost-effective of the zipcode-4 area to a heat source at larger distance could be better in some cases. So the used algorithm yields the locally optimal solution but gives no guarantee to find the global optimal solution for all heat sources. Nevertheless we conclude that this heuristic approach approximate the global optimal solution. Therefore it is a so called greedy algorithm. We also discuss methods to improve the greedy algorithm. Finally we present some results of an analysis made with the aid of the model. The economic profitable CO2-reduction potential of energy conservation and district heating is 15 - 30 percent of the emission of the built environment in 2050. The range depends on the assumed energy prices and investment costs of the energy conservation measures. The contribution of district heating is 10 to 15 percent point.


The Qinling Mountains (QM) in Central China is a natural barrier that corresponds to the boundary between the southern and northern climate and environment (Gong Hujun et al., 2017). Northern QM is relatively steep, and southern QM is in contrast relatively low and gentle. Investigations have shown that the average uplift rate of northern QM since 17.8 Ma is approximately 0.19 mm/a (Yin Gongming et al., 2001), whereas that of central QM since 0.36 Ma is approximately 0.32 mm/a (Wang Fei et al., 2004). To date, however, few investigations have yet been conducted on the uplift rate of southern QM. Accordingly, we aim to obtain the uplift rate of southern QM by using the cosmogenic Al/Be burial dating method to determine the age of the highest river terrace on the southern slope of QM.


We propose a phase-only hologram compression scheme based on "JPEG standard + deep learning". Our scheme is compatible with universal JPEG standard and the compression artifacts are effectively restored by a deep convolutional network.


As a result of teamwork of medical university and department of public health of Primorsky Krai the modern organizational and diagnostic technologies have been developed and introduced that has allowed to lower in 10 years the infantile death rate on 35.9%, dead birth - on 27.6% and early neonatal death rate - on 9.5%. Perinatal death rate has decreased from 17.4 (1993) up to 10.0 ‰ (2006). Results of joint research programs have give the positive contribution to process of reproduction of the population of Primorsky Krai, one of the reserves is decrease in a level of feto-infant losses.


The rapid increase in posting personal information on social media has been noticed over last two years especially due to heavy use of smart phones and restrictions imposed on face-to-face meeting due to the current Covid-19 pandemic. Often, user information and user status updates on social media platforms provide valuable insights in determining personality traits. Scraping and analyzing this social media content and accurate prediction of user personality bring many benefits for enterprises including delivering personalized services, product recommendation and improving performance of recruitment system. This study was carried out based on digital footprints left on social media and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), one of the most reliable personality inventories, was used to identify and predict the personality traits in mobile applications. Long Short-Term memory (LSTM) architecture-based sentiment classifier was proposed in this paper to predict personality and obtained a convincing model performance with overall 78% accuracy for personality traits.


The one-dimension frequency analysis based on DFT (Discrete FT ) is sufficient in many cases in detecting power disturbances and evaluating power quality (PQ). To illustrate in a more comprehensive manner the character of the signal, time-frequency analyses are p erformed. The most common known time-frequency representations (TFR) are spectrogram (SPEC) and Gabor Transform (GT). However, the method has a relatively low time-frequency resolution. The other TF R: Discreet Dyadic Wavelet Transform (DDWT), Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (SPWVD) and new Gabor-Wigner Transform (GWT) are described in the paper. The main features of the transforms, on the basis of testing signals, are presented.


The increase in agricultural production in India has contributed significantly to increase in GHG concentration in the atmosphere due to excessive tillage, use of fertilizer and improper crop residue management practices. The mechanization of Indian agriculture has also resulted in development and adoption of combine harvester, which leaves residue of harvested crop in the field. This crop residue is normally burnt in the open field leading to rapid GHG emissions and disturbing soil's natural properties that contribute adversely to the fertility of the soil. It also affects human health in a number of ways. There is a need to discourage burning through Government incentives and technology transfer. Efficient machinery developed should be popularised and researcher's farmers interactive sessions should be held for discussion of pros and cons of burning practice.


This paper reports the results of the resistance of transgenic watermelon (Da Zheng Bao) to virus disease. The results show that whether in green-room or in field,compared with the con-
trol groups, transgenic plants can delay the disease infection and reduce the incidence and the symptoms of virus disease,thus showing a certain resistance to relevant viruses.


Both 6,6″″-dimethyl-(dmqpy) and 6,6″″-dimethyl-4′,4‴-diphenyl-2,2′:6′,2″:6″,2‴:6‴,2″″-quinquepyridine (dmpqpy) have been found to form dinuclear double helical silver(I) complexes [Ag2(dmqpy)2][ClO4]21 and [Ag2(dmpqpy)2][ClO4]2·2H2O 2. The introduced terminal methyl groups play a crucial role in the assembly processes. According to their crystal structures, the ligand adopts the usual [2 + 3] co-ordination mode in 1 and the silver(I) is five-co-ordinated with a flattened and distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. In 2 the ligand dmpqpy adopts a [2 + 1 + 2] mode and is unexpectedly tetradentate with the central pyridyl nitrogen atom having no direct co-ordination and acting as a rigid spacer. The silver(I) atoms are four-co-ordinated. It is supposed that the increased conjugation and rigidity caused by the phenyl groups at the 4′,4‴ positions makes it difficult for the central pyridine nitrogen to co-ordinate to AgI. Strong intramolecular π–π stacking interactions exist in complex 1, but the stacking effects in 2 are much weaker. The NMR results indicate that both complexes adopt more symmetric configurations in solution than in the solid state.


Providing an innovative solution for distance language learning is nowadays very challenging. The distance teachers are most of the time left alone to set up their classes and teaching material whereas learners are struggling to keep motivation at a high level. After 2 years of research and experimentation, CLL Language Centres (associated to the Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve in Belgium) developed and launched an innovative solution, Visiagora, where classes are based on a communicative approach and are built up around a pedagogical structure of 30 minutes in a virtual classroom: learners benefit of the experience of a short but intense one-on-one class with the features of a physical classroom but are taking their language course from the comfort of their home or office. As a result, the learning experience and motivation is increased and the foreign language acquisition becomes more efficient. This paper goes through the innovative and communicative pedagogical approach and structure of our 30-mn classes: they are composed of 7 phases (introduction, lesson overview, comprehension activity, consolidation activity, presentation activity, production activity and delay correction & summary). It also develops the features of our virtual classroom and whiteboard, which enable the learners and teachers to benefit from all the features of a physical classroom. To conclude, the learning and teaching experiences from the perspective of learners and teachers are presented.


23 24 25 26 27 # of Figures = 6 28 # of Tables = 0 29 Abstract Word Count = 249 30 31 Abstract: 47 Stepping over obstacles requires vision to guide the leading leg, but direct visual information is 48 not available to guide the trailing leg. The neural mechanisms for establishing a stored obstacle 49 representation and thus facilitating the trail leg trajectory in humans are unknown. Twenty-four 50 subjects participated in one of three experiments that were designed to investigate the 51 contribution of visual, proprioceptive, and efference copy signals. Subjects stepped over an 52 obstacle with their lead leg, stopped, and straddled the obstacle for a delay period before 53 stepping over it with their trail leg while toe elevation was recorded. Subsequently, we calculated 54 maximum toe elevation and toe clearance. First, we found that subjects could accurately scale 55 trail leg toe elevation and clearance, despite straddling an obstacle for up to 2 minutes, similar to 56 quadrupeds. Second, we found that when the lead leg was passively moved over an obstacle 57 (eliminating an efference copy signal and altering proprioception) without vision, trail leg toe 58 elevation and clearance were reduced and variability increased compared to when subjects 59 actively moved their lead leg. Trail leg toe measures returned to normal when vision was 60 provided during the passive manipulation. Finally, we found that altering lead leg proprioceptive 61 feedback by adding mass to the ankle had no effect on trail leg toe measures. Taken together, our 62 results suggest that humans can store a neural representation of obstacle properties for extended 63 periods of time and that vision appears to be sufficient in this process in order to guide trail leg 64 trajectory.


With the increase of the railway operating mileage, the railway network is becoming more and more complicated. We expect to build more railway lines to offer the possibility to offer more high quality service for the passengers, while the investment is often limited. Therefore, it is very important to decide the pairs of cities to add new railway lines under the condition of limited construction investment in order to optimize the railway line network to maximize the reliability of the railway network to deal with the railway passenger transport task under emergency conditions. In this paper, we firstly define the reliability of the railway networks based on probability theory by analyzing three minor cases. Then we construct a reliability optimization model for the railway network to solve the problem, expecting to enhance the railway network with the limited investment. The goal is to make an optimal decision when choosing where to add new railway lines to maximize the reliability of the whole railway network, taking the construction investment as the main constraint, which is turned to the building mileage limit. A computing case is presented based on the railway network of Shandong Province, China. The computing results prove the effectiveness of the model and the efficiency of the algorithm. The approach presented in this paper can provide a reference for the railway investors and builders to make an optimal decision.


In this paper we consider the application of direct methods for solving a sequence of saddle-point systems. Our goal is to design a method that reuses information from one factorization and applies it to the next one. In more detail, when we compute the pivoted LDLT factorization we speed up computation by reusing already computed pivots and permutations. We develop our method in the frame of dynamical systems optimization. Experiments show that the method improves efficiency over Bunch-Parlett while delivering the same results.


Using Ross Skinner's 1995 CA Magazine article, "Judgment in Jeopardy", as a stepping stone, we revisit the meaning of professional judgment in accounting in light of developments in standard setting, financial markets, and business operations that have taken place over the past two decades. We argue that it is time to change the view that accountants' professional judgment is the application of accounting-based knowledge and experience in the selection of an appropriate accounting method. Accountants now face a standard-setting context that emphasizes the estimation of future cash flows as well as new business and financial realities. This context implies that, in exercising their professional judgment to choose between forecast alternatives, accountants must rely on knowledge and experience from other disciplines (even though this is not well integrated into accounting). Hence, accounting must evolve from its traditional stewardship role to the new role of "forecount-ing" (the estimation of future cash flows). The implications as well as the challenges of that evolution are discussed.


The paper presents a contrastive analysis of pronominal adverbs in German (dabei, darauf, damit etc.) and their equivalents in English, Czech and Russian. The analysis is based on an empirical study of parallel news texts. Our main focus is to show the interplay between cohesive devices expressed through German pronominal adverbs in text and explore their equivalents in English, Czech and Russian. As the dataset at hand contains translations, we also focus on the influence of the translation factor in parallel texts.


We realized a study observational, descriptive and quantitative with numeric description of date, we carry out this work to determine the change of rectal vo...


Friction and Wear are the two factors which effective lubricants must overcome. It is not commonly realised, however that low friction does not necessarily mean low wear. Most equipment operates in the hydrodynamic lubrication condition with machine surfaces completely separated, in which state friction is low (0.001) and the wear rate zero. We all know that bearings wear out. Wear takes place only when the bearing boundaries contact. Friction is high, (0. is typical) say 100 times higher than normal. The most important characteristic of a lubricant then becomes its antiwear capability. All so called boundary lubricant friction modifiers have relatively high friction coefficients. MoS{2} lubricants for example, range from 0.01 to 0.15, the normal range for friction modifiers. MoS{2} is an anti-wear lubricant. The MoS{2} atoms are bound in the crystal plane by atomic forces stronger than those in steel. This great strength enables the MoS{2} flakes to prevent wear when surfaces contact. When using an oil of the viscosity required by the machine incorporation of MoS{2} provides anti-wear properties. If machine wear rates are acceptable, energy savings can be achieved by using an oil of lower viscosity, to lower the friction of the system, but as this results in a thinner hydrodynamic fluid film, the chance of wear increases. The inclusion of MoS{2}, to provide anti-wear, results in an energy saving lubricant with normal wear reducing properties.


With the operating time of the intelligent arc-suppression coil increased,it is more difficult to select the fault line in the neutral indirectly grounded distribution systems.In order to overcome the disadvantage of the existing technique of fault line selection,a new theory of selecting the fault line is proposed by using the transient zero sequence currents,which has been applying to the grounding system with fast arc-suppression coil.Firstly,the first three maximal abrupt values of zero sequence currents can be selected.When the accumulative total of zero sequence currents abrupt values get the maximum or particle,the fault line can be selected according to the polarity of the three values.For that the transient zero sequence currents are used only,the criterion is immune to the abnormity of the PT,and it can be applied to all kinds of the neutral indirectly grounded systems.The theoretical analysis and the results tested by the fault recording data in a practical environment show that the proposed method can choose out the fault line in distribution networks exactly and effectively.


Exploring the relation between medieval studies and medievalism, this article focuses on theatre in Europe and France. What are the relations between a scholarly knowledge of medieval theatre and the various reconstructions of medieval theatre to be found on the twentieth-century stage? To answer this question, this article studies different types of productions, from Gustave Cohen's Jeu d'Adam et Eve staged at the Sorbonne in 1935 to the York Mysteries adapted in England in the 1950s and 1980s, as well as some modern texts that adapt or integrate medieval theatre, from Brecht to Novarina. It concludes by proposing a renewed approach to medieval theatre, especially from an editorial point of view. In an interview with Richard Utz, Leslie Workman touched on a question that has frequently been asked in the history of the field he created, medievalism: the relation between this field, its practice and its findings, and medieval studies, or between the study of medieval recreations in the real world, both ancient and contemporary, and medieval studies in academia. 2 Where do we stand today in the dialogue between medievalism and medieval studies? Have we reached, as Workman wished then, the future of medievalism, when "medievalism will adopt more of the attitude of historicism and […] medieval studies will adopt more of the approach of medievalism? (443)" That the second part of that wish has been fulfilled cannot be doubted after reading Paul Zumthor's Parler du Moyen Age. Since that book, one cannot possibly be a medieval studies scholar without also being a medievalist, or at the very least without having a critical approach to medieval studies that includes postmedieval representations of the Middle Ages. However, Zumthor's book was


Canor, but having only the. fruit I delayed naming it till I secured the flowers. MARCUS E. JONES. NOTE.Since writing the note on Malvastrumn coccineum, further correspondence leads me to believe that the large number of sheep lost by Mr. Ruble was caused largely, if not wholly, by poisonous water oozing out of an embankment in the midst of a large patch of Malvastrumn I am glad to be able to add this item of evidence in favor of the plant. There are, however, a number of other complaints about this plant yet to be settled. M. E. J.


Research on crime and criminal justice history for Australia and its region is almost entirely restricted chronologically to the period since 1788. That was the year when transported convicts sentenced in England first landed at their destination in Botany Bay.
The geo-temporal location of the area 'Australia and its region' is one defined initially by the region's imperial and colonial histories. 1 The dominant imperial power was Britain, and its proxies, the British-populated settler colonies of Australia and New Zealand. Australia itself became an imperial power through its role in annexing part of its northern neighbour New Guinea after 1885. Other European imperial powers played a role in the region, especially the Dutch in the East Indies and extending to the western part of New Guinea, the French especially in New Caledonia which it used as a convict colony, the Germans, also in New Guinea, and the Portuguese in East Timor. The islands of the south-west Pacific were variously absorbed by these European powers during the late nineteenth-century imperial expansion. And briefly in the twentieth century they were also controlled by the Japanese imperial expansion into the south Pacific.


The ability to identify arrangements affecting property as falling within one or other of the recognised categories of proprietary interest, for example tenancies, licences or easements, and as resulting in certain consequences, is not only desirable, but is in the interest of certainty for all concerned essential. If an occupant of land is a tenant, certain known consequences follow: for example, the occupant has statutory protection which would not be the case were he merely a licensee. Again, if I cross your land merely by your permission, my privilege may be withdrawn at any time, whereas if I have an easement to do so, you cannot stop me. Arrangements which do not behave according to the rules, by appearing to create one type of interest while possessing the attributes of another, either undermine the recognised rules or are exceptional cases which must be acknowledged as such.


Let K be a field, and let T be ACFK , the theory of algebraically closed fields extending K. Then ACFK is strongly minimal, eliminates imaginaries, and has the property that every algebraically closed subset of the monster model is an elementary substructure (i.e., a model). Denote the monster by M. Let G be a connected algebraic group over K. Fix i ≥ 0, and a finite group M with order prime to charK. We are going to give a purely model-theoretic construction which should recover the ith etale cohomology group with coefficients in M of the variety G, base changed to K (or to the monster—these should be the same). If A is a set of parameters, let Gal(A) denote the profinite group Aut(acl(A)/ dcl(A)). Because we eliminate finite imaginaries, the category of sets with continuous action of Gal(A) is equivalent to the category of finite A-definable sets. If L is a field, Gal(L) agrees with the usual Galois group Aut(L/L). If A ⊂ B, there is a natural restriction map Gal(B)→ Gal(A). Let n be sufficiently big. Let g1, . . . , gn, t be a Morley sequence over ∅ (i.e., over K) in the generic type of G. For each non-empty I ⊆ {1, . . . , n}, let


The effect of He-Ne laser on the intracellular bactericidal and digestive function to C albicans of mice peritoneal M(theta) has been studied with the fluorescence microscope after acridine organge staining. The results indicated that the bactericidal and digestive function of M(theta) in irradiated groups, expressed more active than that in the non-irradiated group, and showed significant difference. The comparison between the different irradiated groups also showed marked difference. Ultrastructure changes of M(theta) were observed under the E/M and the content of a-Acetate Naphthy esterase in lysosome were measured by image analysis, the results demonstrated that M(theta) in the irradiated groups present marked change in ultrastructure and the GN, GA, GA/CA, IOD of esterase increased significantly. The results suggested that the He-Ne laser with appropriate dosage could activate M(theta) , and enhance anti-infection immunity.


Abstract Assuring the safety of both patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) in hospitals has been the primary focus of every healthcare organization during the COVID 19 pandemic. This article discusses the NIH Clinical Center's interdisciplinary approach to deploying an organizational Asymptomatic Staff Testing System.


YBa2Cu3Oy polycrystalline superconductor has been studied in weak rotating ac magnetic fields with existence of constant dc field. Measurements were carried out in various temperature intervals, and in various variable and constant fields. Results of our experiments are in good agreement with the isotropic model.


Background and Purpose—We sought to evaluate the effects of the combination of cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine (citicoline) and thrombolysis on infarct size, clinical outcome, and mortality in a rat embolic stroke model. Methods—Eighty-three Sprague-Dawley rats were embolized in the carotid territory with a single fibrin embolus and randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: (1) control (saline), (2) citicoline 250 mg/kg, (3) citicoline 500 mg/kg, (4) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) 5 mg/kg, (5) rtPA 5 mg/kg plus citicoline 250 mg/kg, and (6) rtPA 5 mg/kg plus citicoline 500 mg/kg. rtPA was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion over 45 minutes starting 45 minutes after embolization; citicoline was given intraperitoneally 30 minutes and 24, 48, and 72 hours after embolization. At 96 hours, the brains were fixed and stained by hematoxylin-eosin, and infarct volumes were measured. Neurological scores were determined daily. Results—The median infarct size, measured as percen...


The integration of more than one energy sources for the effective utilization of nonconventional energy sources is a recent trend in the area of power system. But the development and implementation of a suitable power electronic interface is very much essential for the successful integration of those sources. In this paper, the analysis and implementation of a dual input bridge type DC-DC converter topology for hybrid energy system integration for DC microgrid application is discussed. The Computer simulations of the proposed converter topology using MATLAB/ Simulink platform has been carried out and results are presented. An experimental prototype is also built in the laboratory environment in order to verify the theoretical results. Keywords— Distributed generation, Micro grid, Multi input DC-DC converter, Power electronics, hybrid energy system


A gallium nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure including a low-temperature deposited buffer layer and the active layer. The low-temperature-deposited buffer layer is made of a group III nitride material that has been grown and the single crystal layer comprises a grown state, the single crystal layer is present (0001) (c) contacting the surface of the sapphire substrate at a low temperature vicinity of the junction. The active layer is provided by a low temperature deposition of the gallium nitride (GaN) based semiconductor layer on the buffer layer. Said single crystal layer of gallium by a relative comprises aluminum accounts for most of the hexagonal Al X Ga Y N (0.5 [2.-1.-1.0.] direction X Ga Y N of the crystal along the sapphire substrate [2. -1.-1.0.] direction of orientation.


The Mach–Zehnder intensity Modulator (MZM), named after Ludwig Mach and Ludwig Zehnder, is based on the corresponding interferometer. It splits light into two counter-rotating partial beams, which are later recombined with a controlled phase difference. The output of the MZM depends on the phase difference of the interferometer paths. This phase difference is usually adjusted by an electrical voltage applied to a Phase Shifter (PS) placed in one of the interferometer arms. For MZM applications in which the wavelength is changing, the applied voltage must be adjusted accordingly. We derived the equations describing the MZM output in the frequency domain for the case of a triangular PS voltage (necessary for a sinusoidal output) and compared the analytical results with measurements. Our setup uses an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) with a tunable wavelength from 3.2–3.5 μm as the light source and a Lithium Tantalate (LT)-PS for the MZM's phase modulation. The novel insights enable new control methods for MZMs particularly suited for spectroscopic applications where the wavelength is scanned or otherwise altered.


Mijen District based on Semarang City Regional Regulation Number 14 of 2011 concerning Spatial Planning for Semarang City 2011-2031 is one of the educational areas in Semarang City which is planned to further develop vocational education facilities into favorite educational facilities. Education is an important aspect in the development of people's lives because it is the basis for the development of a constructive and creative mindset. The population that continues to increase needs to be balanced with the optimization of the function of public service facilities, one of which is education. To make Mijen District have superior secondary education facilities, it is necessary to fulfill the need for education in Mijen District, one of which is by paying attention to the location of education. Location of educational facilities that are safe, comfortable, strategic, and easily accessible is one of the important factors that excellent educational facilities must have. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the suitability of the location for secondary education facilities in Mijen District by taking into account factors such as area function, disaster-prone, accessibility, and service coverage. This analysis uses quantitative research methods with geographic information system tools in the form of scoring, overlay and network analysis. Geographic information systems can be used to identify the suitability of the location of secondary education facilities. The application of geographic information systems supported by further studies such as identification of demand and availability of educational facilities as well as the hierarchy of services can play a role in determining the location of appropriate and targeted secondary education facilities.


This article explained the threat of hoax in social media towards Indonesia. Digital era is an era of the proliferation of information that every individual can convey information quickly and globally. The presence of global information certainly has side effects, both negative and positive effects. The example of positive effect is the teaching and learning process can still continue using online method during the covid-19 pandemic. The negative effect is there are many news that are not based on facts (hoaxes) that threaten the foundations of the state in Indonesia. The continuity of the nation and state in Indonesia is fractured because hoaxes. Hoaxes will continue and increase when the nation's major interests are contested, like when the presidential or regional head elections. Indonesia adheres to the principle of Bhinneka Tunggal Eka and consists of many tribes, traditions, and races, of course must be more careful in guarding and controlling hoaxes in order to maintain the Republic of Indonesia. The Islam conception in avoiding the danger of hoaxes becomes an alternative offer. We must be more careful in guarding and controlling hoaxes in order to maintain the Republic of Indonesia. The conception of Islam in avoiding the hoaxes becomes an alternative offer.


Analyzing the characters of the west logistics resources.the paper proposes such an idea as optimal configuration for west logistics resources and studies the key measures for realizing configuration of the west logistics resources. Some examples are provided to explain the idea.