The basic model of traffic operations at signalized intersections is based on the assumption that when a signal changes to green, the flow across the stop line increases rapidly to saturation flow rate, which remains constant until either the queue is exhausted or the green period ends. In recent years, this assumption has been challenged by some field observations in Taiwan and U.S.A. These observations showed marginal increase in queue discharge rate along the queued vehicles' position. This paper investigates queue discharge behavior at signalized intersections based on video data collected from one of the busiest at-grade intersections. The methods proposed in the HCM (2000) and Australian Road Research Report 123 to estimate saturation flow rates were assessed against field observations. The results from field observations were similar to those observed in Taiwan and U.S.A., whereas the micro-simulation results went against some common perceptions that believed microsimulation under represents queue discharge rate.


are identically satisfied in 46, a. This type includes the equations of Maurer as a special case. 1 Presented to the American Mathematical Society, March 25, 1932. The proof mentioned in § 2 was obtained while the writer was NATIONAL RESEARCH FELLOW (1927). 2 Les Systemes d'Equations aux Derive'es Partielles, Paris (1910). 3 Konig, J., Math. Ann., 23, 520-526 (1884). 4 Thomas, J. M., "Riquier's Existence Theorems," Ann. Math., 2, 30, 306 (1929). 5 Cartan, E., Ann. Ec. Norm., 3, 18, 260 (1901); Goursat, ProblPme de Pfaff, Paris, 365-373 (1922).


Recently we outlined a method [1] to design very efficient parallel code based on the Amdahl's[2]. We showed that the most impor tant factors affecting the scalability are: the sequential portion of the code, the imbalance, and the communication overhead. The effects of the sequential portion of code and of the imbalance factor can be diminished by small rearrangements of the program units, while the exceptional performance of the MPI collective communication library on the Cray T3E architecture assures scalable data communication in the master-slave model. Fig. 1 presents the scalable throughput in the Cray T3E network when the master broadcast and gather data. We use the results of this analysis to parallelize a Lanczos eigenvalue solver subroutine for real symmetric matrices [3]. We are interested in applications were the matr ix is essentially non sparse and few lowest (highest) eigenvalues are needed. This approach is of large interest for many body quantum system, such as nuclear shell model calculations [4]. These calculations require the first 8-10 eigenvalues for matrices of order 10000 100000. The sparsity is usually 0.5.


Agents of the commission of lawyers in the case of marital disputes,in accordance with the provisions of the law,is safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of clients.Such cases often involve personal lifting wife,the couple's property division,debt settlement,as well as issues such as child custody.The lawyers must obtain not only the law but also the argument skills to a certain extent.Based on the debates,debates preparations,different types of matrimonial disputes in legal proceedings,this paper provides some debating skills and experience from practice.


© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. DESCRIPTION A boy in middle childhood presented with widespread petechiae and a vesicular purpuric rash distributed all over the body but predominantly affecting the lower limbs (figure 1). It was preceded by 7 days of a painless pruritic progressive maculopapular erythematous rash. He had no mucosal involvement and was otherwise well and afebrile throughout. He had a severe thrombocytopenia (platelets 7×10/L), mild neutropenia, normal coagulation profile and reactive lymphocytes on blood film. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) PCR from vesicular fluid was positive. He was given oral acyclovir and discharged with precautionary advice; no additional treatments were required. He made a good recovery with no bleeding episodes, healing of vesicles and gradual improvement in platelet count (43×10/L at week 3). This child had immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) secondary to VZV. ITP is the most common acquired bleeding disorder in children, and it occurs due to immunemediated platelet destruction by autoantibodies and reduced platelet production. Compared with adults, ITP in children is more often benign and selflimiting. In almost twothirds of children, there is a history of viral infection prior to the diagnosis. Specific viral triggers are rarely identified, with the exception of varicella zoster which can be recognised clinically and supported by PCR testing. Other secondary causes include bacterial infections, malignancy and autoimmune disease. ITP has also been reported in response to VZV vaccinations. In this case, haemorrhagic varicella was a key differential. In haemorrhagic varicella, children present systemically unwell, often with a history of immunosuppression, findings of leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, transaminitis and potential signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). 7 Another differential was HenochSchonlein purpura. However, the widespread and circumferential lower limb distribution and vesicular quality went against this diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware that ITP remains a diagnosis of exclusion. 2 In over 75% of children, platelet count resolves spontaneously, and treatment is guided by bleeding symptoms. Children with no bleeding, or only mild bleeding, can be managed with observation alone even with platelets <10×10/L. 10 This is based on the extremely low likelihood of children developing significant bleeding. Firstline treatments are similar for children and adults and may include corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). When steroids are indicated, shorter courses of highdose steroids are effective without the risk of serious or longterm side effects. While steroids are effective in increasing platelet counts, they may precipitate visceral disseminated or haemorrhagic varicella. 11 For children requiring treatment, and in whom corticosteroids are contraindicated, guidelines suggest the use of IVIG. Treatment can lead to a faster recovery and less severe bleeding events. 12 However, there is no evidence that this is clinically significant in children without active bleeding. 10 Additional treatments including antirhesus immunoglobulins (antiD), while thrombopoietin receptor agonists, rituximab and splenectomy are considered in refractory cases. 10


b is locally injected in Japan for MM and a wide variety of adverse events have been reported so far. Although there have been several case reports of hypertrichosis after injections of IFN-a for hepatitis, to our knowledge, this is the first case report of excessive hair growth after administration of IFN-b. The patient refused to undergo skin biopsy in the hypertrichotic area and the exact mechanism of the induction of hair elongations around IFN-b injected areas and the difference in thickness of hair fibers is still unclear. We should bear in mind that hypertrichosis may be one of the adverse events of IFN-b injections. Further accumulation of the cases with this sideeffect using sodium chloride for dissolution of IFN-b will confirm that hypertrichosis is really due to IFN-b and not due to procaine.


Objective To investigate the relationship between blood lead,blood cadmium,and other major risk factors and primary hypertension.Methods One urban community and one rural community in Hangzhou were randomly selected for this study.Questionnaire-based survey and physical examination were performed for 471 40-year-old-plus permanent residents from these two communities.Blood lead,blood cadmium,and other major risk factors were measured for multivariate correlation analysis.Results Complete data were obtained from 453 subjects(n=212 in hypertensive group and n=241 in normotensive group).Subjects in hypertensive group had significantly higher age and systolic/diastolic pressure than those in normotensive group(t=4.03,16.56,and 10.61,respectively,P0.01).The number of subjects with a family history of hypertension,smoking,drinking,high-salt/high-fat diets,and lack of physical activity as well as BMI,waist circumference,total cholesterol(TC),blood lead,and blood cadmium were significantly higher in hypertensive group than in normotensive group(all P0.01).The hypertensive group also had significantly higher fasting blood glucose than normotensive group(P0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,family history of hypertension,drinking,high-sallt diet,BMI,waist circumstance,blood lead,blood cadmium,and TC were significantly correlated with the occurrence of hypertension(OR=1.01~12.77,P0.01).Conclusion Blood lead,blood cadmium,age,family history of hypertension,drinking,high-salt diet,obesity,high TC level are closely related with primary hypertension,and play important roles in the occurence and development of hypertension.


In this paper, models for vertical and spatial coupling vibration of vehicle-track-bridge system are established separately. The track vertical irregularity sample in time domain is established by power spectrum density and taken as the exciting source to analyze the coupling vibration of vehicle-track-bridge system of two models. The advantages and disadvantages and applicability of the vertical vibration model and the spatial vibration model are analyzed by comparing the vertical vibration responses of the two models under excitation with same level of track vertical irregularity.


A structure composed of alternating layers of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) film and either phosphorus or boron film was used to fabricate low-resistivity polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) film at low temperature. This structure was formed by a radio-frequency glow discharge process at 230°C and then irradiated by a pulsed XeCl excimer laser at room temperature. Simultaneous crystallization and uniform diffusion of the dopant atoms was achieved. The 240 nm-thick boron-doped poly-Si film had a sheet resistivity of 23 Ω/\Box (ρ=5.5×10-4 Ωcm).


A few years ago, a senior resident challenged me to produce evidence that vaginal lubricant interfered with cervical cytology results. My literature searches yielded no reports, even though I had been taught not to use lubricant when obtaining a Pap smear because it could affect the quality of the smear. At last, 2 studies have addressed this clinical question. Amies et al randomised 5 family planning clinics to use vaginal lubricant or tap water on the speculum, and found no difference in the rate of unsatisfactory smears. This study had more than 80% power to detect a doubling of the rate of unsatisfactory smears (p < 0.05), so an increase in the rate of unsatisfactory smears would not have been missed. Harer et al randomised 182 women at a single health clinic to vaginal lubricant or tap water, and also found low rates of unsatisfactory Pap smears with no difference between the 2 groups. Although this study had only 70% power to find a difference of 5% in the rate of unsatisfactory smears, the results were consistent with those of Amies et al. Another teaching that remains with me from medical school is that vaginal lubricant is bacteriostatic and thus interferes with the accuracy of cultures for gonorrhoea or chlamydia. This question is clinically important because sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer screening are often done in concert. Evidence on this point is limited, and in vitro studies suggest that further research is needed. DNA probes are often done instead of cultures for screening. A single small study suggests that lubricant is unlikely to have a large effect on chlamydia polymerase chain reaction sensitivity. However, a reduction in sensitivity of 10–20% could not be ruled out. Further research is needed to answer these questions definitively. continued on next page Source of funding: National Institutes of Health.


Working outside of one's own home country is not as easy as it sounds. This means struggling with a new language, a different culture and more importantly understanding diverse values in the workplace. An expatriate should be very careful in the application of practices and methods that were successful in his/her country; they might not work in the host country. Operations can and often do meet with failure when applied to another environment if the local customs and values are not considered. This paper deals with how various cultural variables determine companies' strategies in being successful in markets outside the United States. Authors also provide some strategies along with do's and don'ts for the expatriate. Introduction Before embarking on an international business trip, one should learn about the customs, history, and religion of the country to visit and to avoid possible misunderstanding and embarrassment. Cultural adaptation and flexibility are two international guiding principles for foreign trips whether for business or for pleasure. It is advisable to keep in mind always that each country is unique with its own customs, business manners, jokes, and religious practices. A business traveler should study important aspects of the country's culture beforehand. Reading travel guides, online sources, and information packages is one easy way to overcome some cultural issues (Black and Gregersen, 1999, p 4). Here are some of the cultural distinctions that U.S. firms face across the borders: differences in business styles, attitudes toward development of business relationships and toward punctuality, negotiating styles, gift-giving customs, greetings, significance of gestures, meanings of colors and numbers, and customs regarding titles (Bernick 2001, p532). These may seem to be unimportant but a small mistake; ignorance or insulting behavior could cost the loss of a business deal worth million dollars. That is why this paper stresses that understanding cultural variables is critical to success in international business. Lack of familiarity with the business practices, social customs, and etiquette of a country can weaken a company's position in the market, prevent it from accomplishing its objectives, and ultimately lead to failure (Funakawa, 1997, p!21 ). All over the world there are different styles of doing business and developing business relationships. In some countries, businesspeople have a very direct style. Others may be subtle in style and they may value personal relationships more than most Americans do in business. In the Middle East, for example, it is a standard practice to engage in small talk before talking business. The concept of punctuality varies greatly from one culture to another. That is why if misunderstood, this difference may cause confusion. Japanese, Romanians, and Germans are very punctual, whereas people in many of the Latin countries prefer a more relaxed attitude toward time. It is rude for the Japanese to be late for a business meeting, but acceptable for a social occasion, in Guatemala, on the other hand, one might arrive as much as 45 minutes late for a luncheon appointment (Young, 2000 p 19). Greetings could be another handicap for a foreign traveler. A traditional greeting could be a handshake, a hug, a nose rub, a kiss, placing the hands on the chest and bowing, or various other gestures. Lack of awareness concerning the country's accepted form of greeting may result in awkward encounters and a big embarrassment (Young 2000, p 19; and Wild 2000, p 75). People around the world use body movements and gestures to convey specific messages. A misunderstanding over gestures may even lead to business complications and social embarrassment (Wild 2000, p 46). One very important aspect is the proper use of names and titles. In many countries it is appropriate to use titles until the use of first names (Wortzel, 1985, 332). Gift giving is not as simple as it sounds. …


Abstract : The memorandum examines the procurement cost of aircraft electronic systems. The results are based on the procurement cost of ten fighter/interceptor avionic systems. The research effort on avionic cost followed two distinct approaches: (1) an attempt to relate the cost of individual electronic subsystems (fire control, bomb-navigation, communications, etc.) to the characteristics of these subsystems; and (2) an attempt to relate total airborne electronic equipment (or total avionic system) cost for aircraft performing similar military missions (long-range intercept, strategic bombardment, etc.) to aircraft design and performance characteristics.


Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare form of extranodal B cell lymphoma of the brain, the eyes, the meninges or the spinal cord in the absence of systemic lymphoma. The management of primary central nervous system lymphoma remains controversial, which is related to the rarity of the cases and the small number of controlled studies available. The present consensus report provides the guidelines proposed by the Belgian Hematology Society Lymphoproliferative Working Party for treating immunocompetent adult patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma. (Belg J Hematol 2016;7(2):69-78)


The problem of identification of a linear nonstationary stochastic process is considered and solved using the approach based on functional series approximation of time-varying parameter trajectories. The proposed fast basis function estimators are computationally attractive and yield results that are better than those provided by the local least squares algorithms. It is shown that two important design parameters – the number of basis functions and the size of the local analysis interval – can be selected on-line in an adaptive way.


A novel systolic array for LS system identification based on QR factorization via Givens rotations is proposed. The back-substitution step is circumvented, and the structure is fully pipelineable. Thus, the method is appropriate for continuous, sample-by-sample mode, adaptive operation. A modification of this structure is also suggested which is suitable for a wide range of linear algebraic operations and is solely based on Givens rotations. >


Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy has been utilized by various groups to determine resonant and nonresonant tunneling times of electrons as well as of holes in asymmetric double quantum well (ADWQ) structures /1-4/. The main disadvantage of the TRPL method arises from the fact that it is impossible to measure electron and hole tunneling times simultaneously or to determine hole tunneling times directly in the absence of an electric field. These drawbacks are inherent to the linear TRPL technique since the photoluminescence (PL) decay time of the narrow quantum well (QWn) depends only on the tunneling time of the carrier type which tunnels faster.


To divide the parts of speech,we should firstly divide it according to the grammatical function,and the level of the word class should be also considered.Firstly,we can divide the word class into two parts notional words and form words,the standard is if the word can be syntactic component or not.Secondly,notional words include three parts such as totally independent words,half independent words and combined words,these parts are divided by the dependence of using and the ability of combination.Totally independent words have only one member,it's interjection.Half independent words also have one member,it's echoic words.Combined words include nominals,predictions,modificatory words and pronouns.Nominals include nouns and numerals.Predictions include verbs,adjectives and modal words.Modificatory words include attributive words and adverbs.Pronouns include fungible nominals,fungible predictions and fungible modificatory words.Form words can be divided into prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliary words and measure words.


This paper explores the direct and indirect effects of the export- oriented economy on producer services, and makes an empirical test with the provincial panel data of 2002~2011. The results show that: the impacts of the export-oriented economy on the development of producer services are mainly in indirect ways, hampering the demand on producer services of capital-intensive manufacturing through importing a large amount of capital-intensive equipment; the processing trade export promotes the overall development of producer services, except logistics; this effect is more significant in the east region,compared with the central and western regions.


Abstract : This paper outlines the history of the RAF aptitude test system and the changes made to aptitude test development programmes and testing policies which have been driven by technological and psychological advances and the requirements to assess for different specializations and be cost effective. Consideration is also given to the next generation of aptitude tests.


To analyze whether there is a good correlation between the pressure setting by autoCPAP and the one calculated by mathematical prediction formulas proposed by Hoffstein et al.([(0.16xBMI)+(0.13xNC)+(0.04xAHI)-5.12], (AmJRespirCritCareMed1994) and Series et al [(0.193xBMI)+(0.077xNC)+(0.02xAHI)–0,611] (Chest2008). Consecutive patients with OSAS diagnosis after a sleep study between December-2003 to December-2012. Patients underwent an attended sleep study for CPAP titration with an autoCPAP device (REMstar ®). The pressure was set from 4 to 15 cmH20. We analyze the correlations (Pearson r coefficient and Bland-Altman plots) between the pressure calculated by the formulas and the one obtained by autoCPAP. We included 2514 male patients. Mean values were: age 54 years±12.5, neck circumference(NC) 43.8±3.6 cm, BMI 33±6kg/m2; AHI 49±22. Although there was a good correlation between the pressures calculated by both formulas (r=0.97, p When comparing with autoCPAP titration, Hoffstein formula underestimates CPAP pressure values >7cmH2O. The opposite happens with the Series formula, which overestimates the pressure throughout the usual range of values except for pressures >12cmH2O.


We consider the derivative NLS equation in one spatial dimension, which is known to be completely integrable. We prove that the orbits of L bounded and equicontinuous sets of initial data remain bounded and equicontinuous, not only under this flow, but under the entire hierarchy. This allows us to remove the small-data restriction from prior conservation laws and global well-posedness results.


The influence of low temperature on ethylene formation, membrane permeability, and free fatty acid composition were investigated in callus derived from 'Sensyu' apple (Malus pumila Mill.) fruits harvested at 71 days after full bloom (DAFB). 1-Aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) level, ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) activity, and the rates of ethylene and carbon dioxide production in callus were stimulated by exposure to the low temperatures (-1°, 0°or 5°C). Electrolyte leakage and levels of free fatty acid in callus at chilling temperatures (-1°, 0°C) for 2 days were higher than those of callus stored at non-chilling temperatures (5°, 25°C). Thus, there seems to be a relationship between the increases in membrane permeability of callus chilled at 0°or -1°C and the release of fatty acids from intact membrane lipids.


Author(s): Kiliccote, Sila; Yin, Rongxin; Piette, Mary Ann; Nahman, Elliot; Goins, John; Arens, Ed | Abstract: Previous field studies demonstrated the effectiveness of demand response (DR) control strategies to reduce the peak demand in large commercial buildings by utilizing the building thermal mass. Meanwhile, the occupancy surveys were conducted to evaluate the impact of various control strategies on the occupancy comfort. However, these field tests were conducted mostly in large commercial buildings with consistent occupancy behavior. This project provided an opportunity to evaluate the effect of pre-cooling with zone temperature reset strategies to reduce peak demand in a small retail building in warm California climate. The customer comfort surveys were conducted to demonstrate the impact of DR strategies and unique occupancy behavior (short staying time, active state…) on occupancy comfort. Even though the 1-degree F granularity zone temperature setpoints limited the implementation of the exponential temperature setup, the "pre-cooling with step temperature reset" strategy worked well in the field tests. The test results show that the electricity demand during the peak period can be reduced, on average, as much as 44% of whole building power. However, the demand ramp at the beginning of the peak period weakens the effect of DR strategies for reducing the peak demand through the whole peak period. On the occupancy comfort side, based on the results from the comfort survey, the store is normally maintained between 70-72.5°F (21-22.5oC), and 78% of its patrons feel comfortable.


The article presents the first data on the morphometric characteristics of phytoliths of medicinal plants of the Far East of Russia: Schisandra chinensis, Bergenia pacifica, Berberis amurensis, Viburnum sargentii, Ribes mandshuricum, Phellodendron amurense, Aronia melanocarpa, Rosa acicularis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Panax ginseng. It was found that only the species specificity have only phytoliths of Amur barberry. It is shown that parts of the plant which possesses pharmacological properties, differs with phytoliths composition from those parts in which such properties are less pronounced or nonexistent. In particular, in leaves of Panax ginseng seven types of phytoliths are found out as only one type prevails in the roots. The most common types of phytoliths in all studied plants are irregular ruminate (share from 17 to 98.6%) and irregular smooth (share from 4 to 55%).


The concept of parabolicity by Shilov generalizes the concept of parabolicity by Petrovsky of equations with partial derivatives and leads to a significant expansion of the known Petrovsky class with those parabolic equations, the order of which may not coincide with the parabolicity index. Generally speaking, such an extension deprives of the parabolic stability сoncerning the change of the coefficients of parabolic Shilov equations, which is inherent to the Petrovsky class equations. As a result, significant difficulties arise in the study of the Cauchy problem for parabolic Shilov equations with variable coefficients. In the 60s of the last century, Y.I. Zhytomyrsky defined a special class of parabolic Shilov equations, which extends the Shilov class and at the same time is parabolically resistant to changes in the junior coefficients. For this class, by the method of successive approximations, he established the correct solvability of the Cauchy problem in the class of bounded initial functions of finite smoothness. However, to obtain more general results, it is important to know the Green's function of the Cauchy problem.
In this publication, for parabolic Shilov equations with bounded smooth variable coefficients and negative genus, estimates of repeated kernels of the Green's function of the Cauchy problem are established, which allow us to investigate the properties of the density of volume potential of this function. These results are important for the development of the Cauchy problem theory for parabolic Shilov equations by classical means of the Green's function.


A thesis submitted to the Department of Managerial Science, Knust, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA). 2014


The invention provides a hydroscopic and fast dry nylon ribbon which is prepared by the following steps: extruding and prilling raw materials; injection moulding. The ribbon is characterized in that the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of nylon 66 slices, 5-20 parts of jute fibers, 1-2 parts of nylon modifier and 1-3 parts of nylon hydroscopic and fast dry agent. The hydroscopic and fast dry nylon ribbon provided by the invention has the following technical effects: among the raw materials used, the jute fibers are thick and hard, good in hydroscopicity, high strength and wear resistant, and has good thermal insulation; in addition, the nylon hydroscopic and fast dry agent endows the nylon ribbon with excellent nylon hydrophilic performance, so that a good hydroscopic and fast dry effect is obtained.


This study extends and, in most details, corroborates the work of previous investigators in the area of relating productivity ratios to perforations. A more refined model, called the finite-element method, permits a significant advance in the precision of the general solution. The principal findings of this study include (1) corroboration of previous conclusions that perforator penetration is substantially more important than perforation diameter, within practical ranges of values, (2) confirmation that productivity continues to increase with increasing shot density, and (3) an analysis of the effect of angular phasing of successive shots, which, for the first time, compares the phasings used in real perforating guns. This analysis confirms earlier findings that 90/degree/ phasing is the best of those tested (0, 90, 120, and 180/degree/) but produces more meaningful quantitative comparisons than were available before. 10 refs.


The present specification provides a wireless power transmission apparatus and the wireless power transmission device of the power transmission unit of the wireless power transmission device is formed to supply power to the wireless power receiving apparatus, comprising: a first coil, the first coil is formed to generating a magnetic field in order to transmit power to induction scheme; and a second coil, the second coil is wound around the first coil and is formed to generate a magnetic field at a resonant frequency of vibration power transmitted to the resonant scheme.


Different methods for treatment of the effiuent from fiber building board production are discussed in relation to the current status in the industry. The following alternative measures for reduction of the BOD-load are summarized: l. Increased pulp yield, by variation in defibration conditions and by selection Of the raw material. 2. Reduced fresh water consumption, up to a total closure of the white water systems. 3. Evaporation of concentrated waste water. 4. Fodder yeast production with waste water as substrate. 5. Chemical treatment of waste water. 6. Biological treatment of waste water. Possible combinations of the above mentioned methods are discussed. A few examples are given of present approaches in different fiber building board mills. A few years ago a BOD discharge equivalent to about 80 kg of oxygen per ton of board still occurred in a number of fiber building board mills, whereas today some mills report almost a zero discharge. This paper reviews the progress made in pollution abatement for the wet process for fiber building board over approximately the last four years. Earlier knowledge was reviewed by Gran' at the 1972 IUPAC Conference on Industrial Waste Waters and Wastes, and is only briefiy discussed here. In the competition between different boards and processes for their manufacture, the cost of pollution reduction nowadays considerably intluence the total costs and investments and the product's properlies are affected by the pollution abatement methods adopted. This is especially true of the comparison between the wet and dry processes for fiber building boards, with air pollution in the dry process and water pollution in the wet process. 1. THE WET PROCESS AND 1TS EFFLUENT Figure 1 presents the wet manufacturing process for hardboard or medium density board, according to the Asplund process. Chips or sawdust are steamed in a pressurized preheater, at a gauge pressure of about 1·0 MPa. The thermally and hydrolytically softened wood chips are then defibrated in a pressurized disc refiner, and the pulp is blown to a cyclone. In some cases, the pulp is further refined in one or more disc refiners. The stock is diluted to a consistency of about 2% and a sheet is formed. The wet sheet is cut, and then either hot-pressed to hardboard or medium density board, as illustrated in Fig. 1, or dried to insulating board of a lower density. The hardboard is subsequently subjected to a heat treatment and then reconditioned, i.e. remoistened. The main positions where water enters or leaves the process are marked in Fig. 1 by arrows. The moisture content in the wood raw material is normally about 50%, which is equivalent to about one cubic meter of water per ton of board. About half a cubic meter per ton is added as steam in the preheater, and another 0·3 m3 as sealing water in the pressurized disc refiners. Fresh water also enters as sealing water in subsequent refiners and pumps as dilution water for additives, and large quantities as shower water on the forming machine. The total amount of fresh water is perhaps 15 or 20 m3/ton, of which the shower water often comprises 7-10m3• The measures discussed below, such as intermittent showers, will certainly reduce these figures. A top layer pulp stock diluted with fresh water will add another 5 m3 of fresh water per ton. Most of the water leaving the process is surplus water from the water system. A heavily polluted water also leaves from the bot press. Some water leaves in the form of steam from the cyclone, from the bot press and from the dryer in the case of insulating board. Chip washing produces a fairly polluted water which is pressed off by the inlet screw to the preheater. Most of this water can, however, be recycled in the chipwashing system. It might also be possible to use white water for chip washing. Most mills have separate fiow systems for less polluted waters, e.g. for shower water from wires and felts. Non-polluted sealing and cooling water is discharged separately. The total discharge per ton board of dissolved solids, BOD and COD depends mainly on the pulp yield up to a very high degree of system closing, 1 whenias concentrations of these substances in the effiuent depend primarily on the amount of fresh water used. In mills using some form of internal recovery system for fines, e.g. a drum filter or a sloping screen, the concentration of suspended solids is however, virtually independent of the degree of recycling. Thus the discharge of suspended solids is reduced to an extent which is almost proportional to the degree of closing of the process water system. Extemal Sedimentation of process water is common in Swedish mills. If the sediment is returned to the bottom layer pulp, however, care must first be taken to remove · sand and grit, which otherwise will increase the wear on both process equipment and cutting tools. An example of the effiuents from a hardboard mill using unbarked saw mill slabs of pine and 1·1 MPa defibration pressure (gauge pressure) is given in Table 1. This mill has two separate water systems, one · for process water and one for less polluted water, such as shower water. The total discharge is 13·5 m3 of waste water, 51 kg of BOD and 12 kg of suspended solids per ton of board. The


There are three avenues for Chinese technological advance: in-house R&D, domestic technology transfer and imported technology transfer. This paper examines the contributions of these avenues and their interactions on the TFP growth. The regression results show that low efficiency of R&D expenditure and limited spillover from technology transfer are main causes of yearly decreasing growth rate of TFP. Two parts of R&D, applied researches and experimental & development are functioning worse than basic researches. Domestic technology transfer substitutes the experimental & development and together impede the TFP growth.


In the Arctic region, adaptive reactions of the body put pressure on its functional systems and are accompanied by changes in cerebral energy metabolism in the central nervous system. Despite the fact that patterns of interhemispheric asymmetry and interaction are part of the brain's essential, fundamental mechanism, no data is currently available on the neurometabolic features of interhemispheric asymmetry in men and women living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The aim of this paper was to identify the differences in cerebral energy metabolism in men and women born and living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation with different types of interhemispheric asymmetry according to the distribution of DC-potential level. Materials and methods. The study involved 63 subjects (30 men and 33 women) aged 30–34 years born and living in Arkhangelsk. Cerebral energy metabolism was assessed using the 5-channel Neuro-KM hardware and software complex. Distribution of DC-potential level was analysed by mapping the monopolar values and calculating their gradients. To calculate interhemispheric asymmetry of cerebral energy metabolism, an interhemispheric gradient was used, i.e. the potential difference between the right and left temporal leads (Td-Ts). The obtained DC-potential level results were compared with average standard values. The results of the study indicate differences in the distribution of the processes of cerebral energy metabolism in men and women with different types of hemispheric dominance. The most balanced cerebral metabolism was identified in men with right hemisphere dominance and in women with left hemisphere dominance. The presence of sex-related differences in the hemispheric asymmetry of cerebral energy metabolism may reflect different strategies of adaptation to the climatic conditions of northern latitudes in men and women.


double curve should be understood as an abbreviation. 2545 attests /-Lovo8£c/-L{a XOpTOlJ, 2546 7Tapaypaq,~ £AalOlJpy{OlJ(?) (the abbreviation for (8paX/-Lat), 10 app, crit., looks suspiciously deceptive). 2547 attests a payment for X£LPWVa~IOV to the /-LLCOW7'a~K07T* TPLXOC «al X£Lpwva~{olJ; 2548 a payment by a slave to the /-LLCOW7'a~ y£p8twv. q,opoc 7TpofJaTwv, q,opoc v0/-Lwv, and q,Op£TpOV feature in 2549-50, and 255I also concerns grazing rights. In 2549 the abbreviations shown for (8paX/-La{) are not accurate enough and are therefore deceptive. In 3-4n. the bibliography on o?JetaL should include G. M. Parassoglou, Imperial Estates in Roman Egypt ( = ASP XVIII). 2552-4 are receipts for rent: £Kq,opLa in kind (2552: again an implausible-looking abbreviation for 8paX/-La{), q,opoc in money (2553), a money rental for uncertainly identified property (2554). The last line of the docket on the back of 2554 is baffling; I can offer no solution. 2555 is a receipt for a quantity of grain for an unspecified purpose. The grain was paid in October from the crop of the immediately preceding summer; this of course was the freshest grain available. 2556 is a sitologus receipt. The imperial date formula has two oddities: the form AOlJy{olJ (unless this can be read AOlJK{OlJ as seems just a possibility from the photograph) and the omission of C£7TTL/-L{OlJ from the titles for Geta, for which no parallels are signalled in Bureth, Les Titulatures imperiales. Lines 1-4 are transcribed with ecthesis but this is a mistake. Finally, 2557 preserves just part of the dating formula (T'rajan) from the top of a private contract. The editor restores LJaKLKou; if it were there, the document ('98I 17 A.D. ') cannot antedate June 103. There are useful notes on the family of C. Julius Apolinarius (246I 3 n.); the damnatio memoriae of Geta (2520 2-3 n.); Pescennius Niger (2545 1-2 n.); o?JetaL (Germanicus, 2549 3-4 n.; Antonia Drusi, 2554 6 n.); Karanis kleruchies (2554 5 n.); dY£ALKOC (24 60 5 n.); dvo7TapKToc (2490 6 n.); y£vTJ/-LaToypaq,£lv (2488 I n.); 8L£KfJoA~ (2486 I n.); KV~KOC (2484 4 n.); 7TpocOmc{7TpocTam (24 67 24b n.); 7TPOq,~TTJC (2469 i I n.; add P. Oxy. LI 3646, 19-22 n. to the references); 7TPWTOL£P£OC (2469 ii 8 n.); paV7'~c (2469 i 10 n.); caAaplOv (2465 3 n.); CToALcTa{ (2469 i 7 n.); CWT~P used of the prefect of Egypt (2460 3 n.); ll7To8oX£iov (2485 19-20 n.); q,ac~ALa and prices (2496 introduction). The usual indexes close the volume. There is an extra one at the end, of symbols; the attentive reader of this review will realize that I advise taking many of these with a generous pinch of salt. Text and index disagree over the form of the abbreviation in 254 I 3· The editor has tried hard with a lot of very difficult cursive texts. A little more diligent checking would have removed most of my foregoing criticisms. But this is carping, set against the solid accessions to our knowledge. We look forward to more. REVEL COLES


Research Development of group VIIIA and zeolite elemental chemistry teaching materials and problem based learning (PBL) aims to produce valid, practical and effective PBL-based teaching materials. This research is a development research with ADDIE development model combined with Tessmer formative evaluation. The stages of ADDIE development used in this study include the analysis stage, the design stage, and the development stage only, which then proceeds to the Tessmer formative evaluation stage which includes expert review, one to one, small group, and field test. At the expert review stage, PBL-based teaching materials were validated by experts from the field of pedagogic experts with an average score of 1 (high), material experts with an average score of 1 (high) and design experts with an average score of 0.933 (high). The results of the validation assessment scores obtained at the expert review stage were 0.978 (high). This shows that the PBL-based teaching materials that have been developed are valid. The practicality of PBL-based teaching materials is seen from the results of questionnaires and respondents' comments on PBL-based teaching materials with a Cronbach's Alpha value at the one to one stage of 0.800 (very high) and at the small group stage of 0.727 (high) which means PBL-based teaching materials have been practically developed. The effectiveness of the PBL-based teaching materials that have been developed can be seen from the learning outcomes test at the field test stage with an N-gain score of 0.84 in the high category. This shows that the PBL-based teaching materials that have been developed are effective. It can be that the PBL-based teaching materials that have been developed have met the valid, practical, and effective criteria.Keywords: Development research, Problem based learning (PBL) teaching materials, Elemental chemistry of group VIII A and zeolite.


TERMS OF SALE - 10% down with the balance due within thirty (30) days upon delivery of deed. A letter of credit from a lender will be required for the balance of the bid. This property is offered and sold as is, in the present condition, with no warranties or representations, express or implied, not noted herein. While Chancery sales are conclusive upon all parties to the action and generally confer good title, nevertheless, there is no warranty of title. The sale is subject to the confirmation of the court.


This catalogue was made to accompany Paramita, an installation by Maestro based on a series of war drawings produced by her brother Mark in 1975. On the artist's suggestion, M. Ogura relates his experience of World War Two in Japan; he then evokes the perception of light and a series of drawings on a white wall, and of the notion of moving image, derived from film memories. Brief technical description of the installation. Short artist's statement. Texts in French and English. Biographical notes on artist and author.


It has been a pleasure to assemble these outstanding papers on Linear Motor Powered Transportation: Past, Present, and Future. This topic takes on increasing importance as we seek ways to make transport systems faster, more efficient, and more affordable. We were able to recruit outstanding engineers and managers to devote many hours to writing these papers, which come from six countries on three continents. The authors are from industry and academia, and are all experts in their field. We encouraged the authors to describe current supporting technology and linear motor systems, past history, and projections for the future. These papers have broad coverage of important ideas and can be understood by people who are not experts in the field. Many of the papers include substantial bibliographies that can be used to further explore the topics. There are many types of linear motors, but most of those discussed in these papers are the short primary linear induction motor (LIM) and the long primary linear synchronous motor (LSM). They are similar to their rotary counterparts, but the linear versions represent a more complex design challenge. Some papers use the term stator for the part of the motor that is excited, but since this is sometimes on the moving vehicle, it seems better to use the transformer terminology Bprimary.[ There is one paper on the long primary LIM. It is possible to build a short primary LSM, but there is no paper on this topic. Unless otherwise stated, LIM refers to transport systems in which power is transmitted to the vehicle and the guideway is passive, while LSM refers to systems in which the propulsion power is supplied to windings on the guideway and no propulsion power is transmitted to the vehicle. One important application of linear motors is the propulsion of vehicles that are suspended by magnetic fields. In 1968, Coffey coined the term Bmaglev[ to refer to a Btransport system using magnetic suspension and propulsion.[ There are two common types of maglev: electromagnetic suspension (EMS), in which the vehicle is supported by attractive forces between magnets on the vehicle and a ferromagnetic structure on the guideway, and electrodynamic suspension (EDS), in which magnets on the vehicle move in the vicinity of conducting material and currents induced in the conductors react with the vehicle fields to provide lift. A key part of maglev design is integration of a linear motor propulsion system with the suspension. Either LIM or LSM propulsion can be used with EMS and This Special Issue on Linear-Motor Powered Transportation covers both supporting technologies and innovative transport systems in various parts of the World, as this technology moves from the lab to commercial operations.


An adaptive control method of packet length is presented in this paper in order to im-prove the capacity of WPAN. This technique is based on the analysis of system capacity in WPAN standard, which uses FHSS schemes such as Bluetooth. A comparison of system capacities be-tween adaptive packet length and fixed packet length has been made for the case of ACL link and SCO link of Bluetooth. Simulation results show that the adaptive packet length algorithm can im-prove the capacitv of WPAN effectively.


This paper investigates how spin-off firms perceive support from parent firms. The question was addressed by administering a questionnaire to 51 firms listed on the new Swedish stock markets (NGM and Aktietorget) set up in the mid-1990s. Spin-offs were identified as new firms, where the founder had drawn on experiences with his or her previous employer when starting the new firm. The sponsoring of spin-off firms (financing and other resources) was compared to the sponsoring of other new firms listed on these new stock markets. We found that more than a third of all corporate spin-offs had received sponsoring from their parents. However, it was quite unusual that the parent firms became minority owners or contributed financially to spin-off firms. Instead, sponsoring with other resources, especially personnel and equipment, was more common. Even so, sponsoring from the founders' previous employers was found to be at least as – if not more – common among other ventures listed on the new stock market. Especially ventures based on external ideas seem to attract resources from previous employers. The results suggest that there are two types of relationships between established firms and former employees starting new firms. The first type is where the relationship is based on a business opportunity originating in the established firm and where this perceived opportunity is embodied in the former employee. This is the logic for entrepreneurial spin-offs found in literature. The second type is where the relationship is only based on a business opportunity embodied in the former employee, but where the opportunity did not originate in the established firm where the founder used to work. The second type is relevant because of the finding that former employers sponsor new firms of this kind as well. Finally, we conclude that the spin-off mechanism is indeed important for generating new ventures. However, the results suggests that established firms still to a large extent ignore the potential of listing sponsored entrepreneurial spin-off ventures on the stock exchange, and instead focus such activities on relatively more mature spin-offs.


The flood is one of the extreme weather events in the world. In Sri Lanka, it is a major natural disaster and mainly occurs in the South-West and the North-East monsoon seasons. The human response strategies are explained in the concepts of disaster management cycle in PRE and POST stages. People do not satisfactorily respond during these stages in the study area. There have been no systematic studies conducted on how people are responding before, during, and after the flood in Kandawalai. The main objective of this study was to examine the human responses in PRE flood situations (mitigation and preparedness). This study selected three GN divisions. Questionnaires, surveys, and interviews were carried out to collect primary data and information. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. Some preparedness and mitigations were undertaken by the Disaster Management Centre (DMC) in Kilinochchi during the PRE flood stage. The community has been using very simple mitigations for minimizing floods. Only 43% of them participated in the awareness programs on how to evacuate the flood areas and how to react to the early warning system. 57% of respondents mentioned that the flood impact can be reduced through better structural mitigation strategies. 10% of the respondents recommended controlling the illegal activities of sewage disposal and soil mining in the Kanakarayan River. The PRE-flood activities should be considered by relevant stakeholders together with the community participation, but the government has the main responsible to mitigate the impacts of floods in this particular area.


To solve the eigenvalues of square matrices with higher order. Normally is not an easy way, as it is always related to the solution for a univariate equation with a higher order. Two methods in this article were proposed, based on the properties of the primary transformation on matrices and simplified the resolution procedure of the eigenvalues of square matrices.


Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is defined as herpes zoster involvement of the ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve. Patients often present with pain, rash, and infrequently ophthalmoplegia. The ophthalmoplegia usually starts about 5 to 7 days after the appearance of the vesicular eruption. The most commonly involved cranial nerve is the third, followed by the sixth then the fourth. Nerve involvement can be partial or complete, and multiple ocular motor nerve involvement can occur infrequently. The ophthalmoplegia can be bilateral, or less frequently, contra-lateral to the side of the rash. A few cases describing this infrequent finding have been published in the literature up to date, in a pediatric and a senior adult patients. The pupil can be affected in isolation (internal ophthalmoplegia) due to dysfunction of the ciliary ganglion. Clinically, lesions on the tip of the nose resulted from nasociliary branch involvement have been described as Hutchinson's sign which is a predictor for ocular inflammation and corneal denervation. Here, we describe a case of HZO that developed unilateral abducens nerve palsy a few days after the onset of the rash. The proband is a 69-year-old immunocompetent female patient, known for well-controlled hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia. Her past surgical history is significant for sleeve gastrectomy in 2016 and glaucoma and cataract surgeries in 2015. Her list of medications included atorvastatine, levothyroxine, and (dorzalanidine/timolol) eyedrops. She is nonsmoker and has no history of alcohol or drug abuse. The patient presented to the emergency room with painful red vesicular facial rash in the left V1, and to a lesser extent, V2 distribution of 2-day duration. She was diagnosed clinically with HZO and discharged on oral acyclovir, pregabaline, and celecoxib. Two days later, she woke up with horizontal binocular diplopia. This was more prominent on left gaze and did not fluctuate. She had no headache, dizziness, and sensory or motor symptoms anywhere else. Her varicella zoster virus rash was fading and less painful. On examination, the patient had medial deviation of the left eye on primary gaze. There was a limitation of left eye abduction resulting in horizontal diplopia, maximal on left gaze. Other extraocular movements were intact. She had normal visual field testing. Pupils were equal and reactive to light. There was a red crusted vesicular rash in the left V1 distribution extending to involve the tip of the nose with normal facial sensation (Figure 1). The rest of the neurological examination was unremarkable. Her basic laboratory results were within normal ranges except for slightly elevated sedimentation rate of 24. Computed tomography of head and the orbit did not show any abnormalities. Patient was prescribed Prednisone 60 mg orally, to be tapered at a rate of 10 mg every 2 days for a total of 12 days, while continuing her 21-day course of acyclovir. She had an outpatient magnetic resonance imaging head and skull base with contrast done 2 weeks later which did not identify any abnormality along the sixth cranial nerve course with no abnormal enhancement. In follow-up, her symptoms, the rash, and the diplopia were completely resolved within 2 weeks of emergency room visit.


The unwritten law called 'adatlaw' of the Karo Batak society of North Sumatra, Indonesia, is described. Whereas Western law is based on objectively formulated rules & is implemented through state legislation & courts, adatlaw is based on ad hoc decisions by members of the society according to their ideas of justice & propriety. Discussed is one of the institutions in Karo Batak society by which law is constituted: 'runggun', the process of formal deliberations aiming at a unanimous decision within a group formed on the basis of kinship. 2 Diagrams. Modified HA.


PURPOSE: An electric-powered power steering apparatus using the hollow motor and planetary gear unit. The hollow motor and planetary gear unit are installed in the steering column in the longitudinal direction. The cornering force of the steering wheel is enlarged. The space coming into possession of littles and the apparatus gets smaller. CONSTITUTION: The electric-powered power steering apparatus using the hollow motor and planetary gear unit. The steering column(20), the driving means and slowdown means, the torque sensor, and the vehicle speed sensor and electronic control unit are included. The driving means and slowdown means increase the cornering force of the steering wheel(10). According to the car speed and the torque which the electronic control unit is detected from the vehicle speed sensor and torque sensor, the operation of the driving means is controlled and the cornering force of the steering wheel is increased appropriately.


The analysis of hemp cultivation and usage trends in the world and Europe shows that hemp cultivation and processing in Latvia has good perspectives. This paper presents the results of a first study about the usage of pectinase enzyme Beisol PRO (4% water solution) for Latvian hemp sort "Purini" retting at different time and temperatures conditions and treatment influence on obtained fibres quality. Gravimetrical examination of the quantity of fibres and sheaves after retting, physical-mechanical tests and TG analysis, colour properties, and selected samples microscopy evaluation show that enzyme treatment is not significant for fibre separation from stem as well as TG characteristics at investigated time and temperature conditions. Use of pectinase enzyme for hemp retting in some cases increases tensile strength of fibres and causes changes of colour characteristics.


Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), are competitors with twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), for plant resources and potential predators on spider mites when the opportunity arises. Which interaction predominates may depend on relative population densities and individual species' responses to the plants on which they co‐occur. We examined interactions between populations of thrips and spider mites on several cultivars of two bedding plants: impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook.f) cultivars 'Impulse Orange' and 'Cajun Carmine', and ivy geranium [Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Her ex Aiton] cultivars 'Sybil Holmes' and 'Amethyst 96'. Four combinations of thrips and mite numbers were studied: thrips alone, mites alone, and two densities of thrips and mites together. We compared population numbers after 4 weeks. Overall, mite numbers increased more rapidly than thrips did, but both species increased more rapidly on impatiens than on ivy geraniums. Between impatiens cultivars, thrips and mites increased more slowly on 'Cajun Carmine' (i.e., it was more resistant) than on 'Impulse Orange'. On ivy geraniums, spider mites increased more slowly on 'Sybil Holmes' than on 'Amethyst 96' but the reverse was the case for thrips. Regardless of plant species or cultivar, thrips had a strong negative effect on spider mites whenever they co‐occurred, suppressing mite population growth by around 50% compared to when mites were alone. However, the effect of spider mites on western flower thrips depended on the quality of the plant species. On impatiens, thrips co‐occurring with spider mites increased slightly more than thrips alone did, while on ivy geranium mites had a small negative effect on thrips. Contrary to expectations, thrips had a larger negative impact on spider mites on plants that were more susceptible to thrips than they did on plants more resistant to thrips. We suggest that host plants mediate the interaction between an omnivore and its herbivorous prey not only by altering individual diet choice but by changing the relative population dynamics of each species.


A chemical compound selected from the group consisting of propanoic acid 3- (5- (2- (2- (4-methylphenyl) -5-methyloxazole-4-yl) ethoxy) -3, 4-dihydro-1-yl) and a non-toxic salt thereof.


Failure prediction in sheet metal forming simulation still shows some severe gaps especially in context to high strength steels and other light weight material manufacturing. Prediction of edge cracks of sheet metals due to forming operations resulting from shear cutting of the sheets is one example for such limitations in failure detection. Literature shows a direct link between shear cutting process and reduced formability due to edge cracking. The aim of this study was to find a correlation between strain induced along workpiece outline due to cutting process and corresponding development of edge crack sensitivity of component edge. A strain measurement system was used to acquire the strain in sheet thickness direction on the one hand and the maximum strain value emerging before necking by conducting newly developed Diabolo Test on the other hand. The Diabolo Test is a novel test setup for gauging the edge crack sensitivity along trimmed parts edges and was developed as an alternative to the Hole Expanding test according to ISO 16630. To quantify effects of changings in strain distribution in sheet thickness direction on edge crack sensitivity strain measurements with different sheet thicknesses and cutting clearances were conducted. By generating a deeper comprehension of mechanisms of edge cracking, the obtained data could be used to get one step further in modeling edge crack sensitivity in sheet metal simulation.Failure prediction in sheet metal forming simulation still shows some severe gaps especially in context to high strength steels and other light weight material manufacturing. Prediction of edge cracks of sheet metals due to forming operations resulting from shear cutting of the sheets is one example for such limitations in failure detection. Literature shows a direct link between shear cutting process and reduced formability due to edge cracking. The aim of this study was to find a correlation between strain induced along workpiece outline due to cutting process and corresponding development of edge crack sensitivity of component edge. A strain measurement system was used to acquire the strain in sheet thickness direction on the one hand and the maximum strain value emerging before necking by conducting newly developed Diabolo Test on the other hand. The Diabolo Test is a novel test setup for gauging the edge crack sensitivity along trimmed parts edges and was developed as an alternative to the Hole Expan...


The casting process of the aluminum alloy wheel hub was simulated by using Pro CAST software. The pouring temperature and the initial temperature of mould were optimized by the method of orthogonal test. On this basis, the filling process and the solidification process of the wheel hub were analyzed, and the location and the size of the shrinkage defects of the wheel hub casting were predicted. The simulation results show that, in the case of other conditions unchanged, when the pouring temperature is 710℃, the temperature of the upper die is 420℃, the temperature of the lower die is 360℃, and the temperature of the side mold is 370℃, the shrinkage defects in the wheel hub are minimal.


The effect of pretreatment of cultures with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on myoblast allotransplantation to C57BL/10ScSn mdx/mdx mouse (mdx mouse) muscles not previously damaged and not irradiated was studied. Transgenic CD1 mice which have a β‐galactosidase gene under the control of the promoter of the quail fast skeletal muscle troponin I gene, were used as donors. The myoblasts were grown with 100 ng/mL bFGF during the last 2 days before injecting them in the left tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of mdx mice. Myoblasts from the same primary cultures were also grown without bFGF and injected in the right TA muscles as control. The recipient mice were immunosuppressed with FK 506. Twenty‐eight days after myoblast transplantation, the percentage of β‐galactosidase‐positive fibers was significantly higher (more than fourfold) following culture with bFGF than without bFGF. Almost all β‐galactosidase‐positive fibers were also dystrophin positive. Direct intramuscular injections of bFGF or of Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) at the time of myoblast transplantation and at several intervals afterwards were also investigated. The percentage of β‐galactosidase‐positive fibers did not differ significantly following intramuscular injection of bFGF from controls injected with HBSS. In vitro, this high concentration of bFGF significantly reduced the formation of myotubes, and the percentage of mononuclear cells which were myoblasts was significantly increased by 34%. These observations alone do not account for the fourfold increase in transplantation success. The presence of bFGF in the culture did not significantly increase the cell survival 3 days after their transplantation. Our results indicate that culture of myoblasts with bFGF permits to obtain a high percentage of hybrid muscle fibers following myoblast transplantation without using damaging treatments such as notexin injection and irradiation. This suggests that such pretreatment may be helpful for myoblast transplantation in humans. The mechanism of this effect is still unclear. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


In this work we discuss two free boundary problems which arise in semiconductor processing. The first problem is concerned with deposition of titanium silicide over a wafer, a process which results in three layers of chemicals: Ti, TiSi and TiSi2 and three free-boundary interfaces. The second problem is concerned with the growth of loop dislocations in crystal, which develop as a result of implanting impurities and rapid thermal annealing. Existence results and properties of the solutions are discussed.


Taking the agricultural ecological garden in Suixian forestry farm of Shangqiu city as an example,the author expounds the positioning,guiding ideology,planning idea,and functional partition of ecological garden,explores the development and reflection of green design concept in agricultural ecological garden,and discusses the developmental and applied prospects of agricultural ecological garden in the future.


The technology content railway companies increasingly urgent need for a large number of highly educated, professional and technical personnel to master modern technology. In this paper, the social background of China Railway Development to explore on rail traffic signal and control professional goal of building the overall planning and implementation of programs proposed rail signaling and control professional a reasonable position, and its construction curriculum system, teachers team construction, construction of schools and enterprises to build and implement the reform of the teaching mode of the base were discussed for rail signaling and control professional development to contribute.


N Engl J Med 2012;366:2358-67 Women can become incontinent after surgery to repair a vaginal prolapse, and the risk is high enough for surgeons to consider placing a prophylactic midurethral sling at the time of the repair. This approach helps prevent incontinence but causes extra surgical complications, according to a randomised trial. Women who had the prophylactic sling were half as likely to develop new incontinence in the year after surgery than controls who had small sham incisions to mimic placement of a sling (27.3% (45/165) v 43.0% (74/172); adjusted odds ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.77). They were also significantly more likely to have a bladder perforation (6.7% (11/164) v 0% (0/172)), a major bleed or vascular complication (3.1% (5/164) v 0% (0/172)), a urinary tract infection (31.0% (49/158) v 18.3% (30/164)), or incomplete bladder emptying at discharge (42.6% (69/162) v 30.0% (51/170)). Continent women scheduled for repair of a vaginal prolapse face a difficult choice, says a linked editorial (p 2422): a sling now, or potentially a sling later? Only they canmake this choice, in conversationwith an experienced surgeon.Most of the women in this trial had an anterior prolapse staged two or three out of a possible four—the vaginal wall bulging close to or just beyond the entrance to the vagina. They had a variety of operations, most commonly a combined anterior repair and apical suspension, at seven different hospitals in the US.


Before I begin my lecture, I would like to say a few personal words. First, as many people know, I am the son of Professor Abraham Doron, Israel Prize laureate, who is a former head of the School of Social Work here, at the Hebrew University, and who is present here in the audience. My father knew Dr. Pins and met him while he was still alive. Given this personal history, one can understand the great sense of respect that I feel today over having been given the opportunity to speak within the context of this honorable forum of the annual lecture in memory of Dr. Pins, at the School of Social Work and Social Welfare.


In this thesis I explore the practices of ethnic tourism on three island communities of Lake Titicaca, Peru. I employ ethnic tourism to mean the process whereby communities, peoples, or bodies are produced as sites of tourist attraction (objects of touristic gaze). Through various temporal and spatial processes of othering, these formed objects are produced as performers of a 'tourable' difference, primarily defined by a removal from the present space of politics through their representations as objects of the past. Thus the privilege of the mobile tourist is (re)inscribed in the practice of touring the stable difference of the 'toured' and appropriating this into the formation of a more cosmopolitan self. This story, which reflects a common concern for touring as a (neo)imperial/colonial encounter (particularly in the 'developing' world) is, however, insufficient for accessing the intensely contested politics of local experiences of the tour. This is particularly the case when we attempt to discuss the meaning of 'being toured', how this identity is experienced, and its political implications. Through an exploration of the practices of local tour guides and toured communities on Lake Titicaca, coupled with theoretical concerns for critical approaches to identity, subjectivity, and agency, I begin to explore ways of talking about the toured as constitutive and active negotiators within touristic space. Specifically, I highlight how 'difference' is governed and contested through practices of performing and guiding. I also reflect on how these practices (re)articulate or challenge the authorization of particular 'differences' as objects of the tour.


A new class of combustion catalyst containing copper and chlorine is described which has high activity for the total oxidation of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as CH2Cl2, CH2ClCH2Cl, CCl4 and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1% of gas stream) into carbon oxides, HCl and Cl2, in the presence of excess air at 300–500 °C; no catalyst deactivation or loss of copper or chlorine is observed.


The clinical features, diagnosis and radiological findings of eight cases of a subchondral bone cyst involving the medial condyle of the femur are described. Surgical treatment, which comprised performing an arthrotomy of the femorotibial joint, curetting and packing the cystic cavity with an autogenous cancellous bone graft, is described.


This paper expounds the necessity of enhancing network construction of the libraries of the vocational and professional colleges. Meanwhile, it also analyzes the difficulties and problems faced with in network construction, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures for network construction.


Liver disorders are one of the major concerns globally. Various conventional therapeutics used in the treatment of liver diseases are sometimes not enough and associated with serious side effects. Therefore, herbal medicines could be promising to defeat the above problems, and to treat diseases effectively. Aim of the current investigation is to screen the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Allophylus cobbe (EEAC) leaves against Paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. EEAC (200 and 400 mg/kg) were administered to the rats for 7 days and hepatotoxicity was induced by administration of PCM (3 g/kg) on the 8th day. After 24 h of toxicity induction, the blood samples were collected and serum and tissue biochemical parameters like- serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), Creatinine, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total proteins were analyzed. Livers of the animals were isolated and were studied for histopathological changes. The extract treated animals were compared with the animals treated with standard hepatoprotective Silymarin (100 mg/kg). Administration of PCM causes hepatotoxicity to the animals, EEAC and silymarin prevented the PCM induced hepatotoxicity. The level of the increased blood biochemical parameters were significantly decreased by oral administration of EEAC and silymarin. PCM hepatotoxicity raised the LPO activity of the liver tissue which was significantly decreased by EEAC and silymarin. Decrease in protective tissue enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH) and the proteins by the PCM hepatotoxicity were significantly increased by the EEAC and silymarin. Histopathological observation of the PCM treated group showed the marked degeneration of the liver cells and liver damage which was significantly restored when the animals were treated with the EEAC and silymarin. Allophylus cobbe showed the presence of bioactive components in the plant having the antioxidant potential; which might be responsible for hepatoprotective activity of the plant. The present study showed that EEAC restored the levels of altered biochemical parameters and prevented the liver from the toxic effects of PCM revealing the hepatoprotective potential of Allophyluscobbe.


Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital cardiovascular defect that can range from being fatal early in life to presenting in adulthood asymptomatically. We report the case of a teenager whose diagnosis was incidental and underwent surgery, consisting in coronary artery button transfer, with excellent result.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To describe preliminary results of Alzheimer's and dementia caregivers' (CGs) mobile app use and intention to adopt mHealth apps for their own chronic condition self-management. To discuss implications for designing and implementing mHealth interventions for CGs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study aims to recruit 110 racially and ethnically diverse family caregivers (CGs) who have a chronic condition, provide care for persons with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias, and have access to a mobile device. This is a cross-sectional correlational study collecting data with computer-assisted telephone interviews stored through REDCap. The study survey was created using existing surveys about mobile app use; relevant, well-validated research instruments; and questions from the U.S. Census and other national surveys. CGs are being actively recruited from the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area using various recruitment strategies that have been effective in prior studies. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The majority of CGs used websites (86%), mobile devices (68%) or apps (53%) to manage their own health. CGs using health-related apps were tracking their exercise (60%), diet (60%), medical records (50%), and physical health measures (50%). More than 4 out of 5 (82%) predicted they would use mobile apps to self-manage their chronic condition, though only 68% actually planned to use them. 86% of CGs were using mobile apps for non-health related purposes, with the most popular app being weather (90%), followed by social media (74%), music/entertainment (68%), and banking/business apps (63%). CGs used weather and social media apps most often (2 or more times/day) and spent 9 hours/week on apps. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Websites and mobile apps appear to be feasible modes to deliver health interventions to CGs. Researchers should consider including features of apps most frequently used by CGs, such as the weather, ways to connect with others, and music/entertainment, when delivering mHealth interventions to CGs.


One of two orthorhombic products formed when inyoite, CaB303(OH)5.4H~O, is heated for several days at 400 °C. and 2000 bars H20 pressure has been shown by crystal-structure analysis to be CaB30~(OH ). The crystals are piezoelectric, Pbn21, a=6.972, b=13.47, c=4-391 A (all +0.3%); density (g.cm. -3) 2.72 _0.01 obs., 2.729 calc., cell contents 4[CaBaOs(OH)]. Infinite sheets of composition [B3Os(OH)]n 2n are formed by cross-linking of colemanite-like chains. The sheets are held together through Ca-O bonding.


[ANGLES] The aim of the thesis is to provide a simplified basic framework for the implementation of GNSS/INS integration using SDR receiver. This thesis investigates the different architectures of integration between the inertial navigation system and the GNSS receiver and the advantages and disadvantages of each. The integration is implemented in MATLAB using simulated GPS and inertial sensor data.


Coaching behavior can influence how much general anxiety and performance anxiety anindividual perceives Ramis et al., 2017. Individuals coping skills can determine what effect aspecific coaching be ...


In the United Kingdom alone, there are over one million employees working at over 5,000 call centres. Some estimates claim approximately four million call centre employees in Europe. In this unique application paper we present methods for visualising the vast amount of data generated and collected by call centres. We design the application to address the challenges of exploration, analysis and visualisation of complex, time-dependant call centre data, and aim to maximise the utility the software contributes to the business stakeholders in the industry. The application implements a custom, interactive analytical treemap view that presents an overview and details of the data on demand. We implement a smooth temporal navigation system to allow the user to zoom the visualisation to a higher resolution of data. Then an interactive multivariate focus and context analytic filtering interface provides the user control over caller subsets they are interested in for analysis. The software is designed in close collaboration with industry experts. This application reveals new insight into call centre events and behaviour that traditional forms of analysis do not as quickly, nor as easily. We also report the positive reaction of domain experts to our visualisations.


In this article I will investigate the relations of media and ecology, arguing that the incorporation of nature and ecology as part of the media theoretical discourse should also be connected to the ecological contexts in which theory is being produced. This means a concretisation of media ecology in terms of its focus and topic to take into account the current eco-crisis, from perspectives related to animal studies, electronic waste, and even geology. In this sense, the argument of the text is simple: there is a concrete edge to media ecological theory, and in this instance it is elaborated through the themes of animals, waste, and mineral resources.


Optimizing interfacial contacts and thus electron transfer phenomena in heterogeneous electrocatalysts is an e ff ective approach for enhancing electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we successfully synthesized ultra fi ne b -Mo 2 C nanoparticles con fi ned within hollow capsules of nitrogen-doped porous carbon ( b - Mo 2 C@NPCC) and found that the surface layer of molybdenum atoms was further oxidized to a single Mo – O surface layer, thus producing intimate O – Mo – C interfaces. An arsenal of complementary technologies, including XPS, atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM, and XAS analysis clearly reveals the existence of O – Mo – C interfaces for these surface-engineered ultra fi ne nanostructures. The b - Mo 2 C@NPCC electrocatalyst exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water. Theoretical studies indicate that the highly accessible ultrathin O – Mo – C interfaces serving as the active sites are crucial to the HER performance and underpinned the outstanding electrocatalytic performance of b -Mo 2 C@NPCC. This proof-of-concept study opens a new avenue for the fabrication of highly e ffi cient catalysts for HER and other applications, whilst further demonstrating the importance of exposed interfaces and interfacial contacts in e ffi cient electrocatalysis.


Female urinary incontinence is a common condition with a relevant impact in the quality of life. The treatment is now possible for a significant number of cases. The purpose of this study is identify the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence and analise the influence of vulnerability to stress and the impact of incontinence on quality of life. This is an exploratory and correlational study, with 200 participants suffering from incontinence who reported urine loss at least once a week in the previous 3 months. The data collection protocol was a questionnaire which allowed for the socio-demographic characterization of the sample. It included the scales of impact of urinary incontinence (UCIQ-SF), KHQ and vulnerability to stress (23 QVS). The average age is 58.42 years (sd = 11.52). The sample presents a moderate quality of life in all areas. Predictor factors of overall quality of life are urge urinary incontinence, the dramatization of existence and deprivation of affection and rejection concerning the vulnerability to stress. Given the results, it is important to alert the female population for the prevention of urinary incontinence, due to the negative impact on quality of life and as a limiting factor in the activities of daily living. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of Future Academy® Cognitive Trading.


Reinforcement learning is an important machine learning method and has become a hot popular research direction topic at present in recent years. The combination of reinforcement learning and a recommendation system, is a very important application scenario and application, and has always received close attention from researchers in all sectors of society. In this paper, we first propose a feature engineering method based on label distribution learning, which analyzes historical behavior is analyzed and constructs, whereby feature vectors are constructed for users and products via label distribution learning. Then, a recommendation algorithm based on value distribution reinforcement learning is proposed. We first designed the stochastic process of the recommendation process, described the user's state in the interaction process (by including the information on their explicit state and implicit state), and dynamically generated product recommendations through user feedback. Next, by studying hybrid recommendation strategies, we combined the user's dynamic and static information to fully utilize their information and achieve high-quality recommendation algorithms. Finally, the algorithm was designed and validated, and various relevant baseline models were compared to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in this study. With this study, we actually tested the remarkable advantages of relevant design models based on nonlinear expectations compared to other homogeneous individual models. The use of recommendation systems with nonlinear expectations has considerably increased the accuracy, data utilization, robustness, model convergence speed, and stability of the systems. In this study, we incorporated the idea of nonlinear expectations into the design and implementation process of recommendation systems. The main practical value of the improved recommendation model is that its performance is more accurate than that of other recommendation models at the same level of computing power level. Moreover, due to the higher amount of information that the enhanced model contains, it provides theoretical support and the basis for an algorithm that can be used to achieve high-quality recommendation services, and it has many application prospects.


We provide new adaptive multichannel filtering schemes for the detection and removal of impulsive noise, bit errors and outliers in digital color images. The proposed nonlinear filter is based on the generalized multichannel concept of the local entropy contrast and the robust order-statistics theory. The proposed entropy based directional distance filter is computationally attractive, robust for a wide range of the impulsive noise corruption and significantly improves the signal-detail preservation capability of the standard multichannel filters outputting the lowest ranked vector as the output sample.


ABSTRACT Atest stand was assembled to demonstrate the characteristics of a hydrostatic transmission. The same electric induction motor was used as a prime mover for the hydraulic pump, and as an absorber for the power output from the hydraulic motor. Performance was simulated using a bond graph model, and general qualitative agreement with experimental measurements was observed. The model adequately predicted the steady-state operating speeds, but calculated system pressure did not correlate closely with experimental pressure, probably because the dry friction torque and leakage loss coefficients were underestimated..


The publication discusses China's experience in modernizing higher education through the introduction of digital technology. It is argued that the National Mid-Term and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (2010–2020) has passed the test of pandemic 2020 and enabled a technological revolution in higher education. Examples of the introduction of cloud computing and big data into the educational process of the Changzhou Engineering Vocational College, Heilongjiang Vocational and Technical College, Jiangsu Vocational and Technical College, Hunan Vocational and Technical College of Automotive Industry are given. It is noted that an important aspect of the technological revolution in education is the improvement of pedagogical design of digital educational resources. The modern model of university e‑campus, which includes technical-technological and information-analytical infrastructures, is characterized. The reasons for the success of digitalization of universities in China are defined: the profound socio-economic transformation in the country, ideological and economic methods of stimulating innovation in education, pandemic 2020, the use of digital analytical technologies. It is argued that the digitalization of the educational and administrative process cannot be complete without improving the pedagogical design of digital educational resources.


The purposes of the research which is entitled �The Function of Notary
Public in Land Acquisition for Housing by CV. Terbit Jaya in Prabumulih� are to
identify the process of land acquisition for housing and identify the function of
notary public in land acquisition for housing by CV. Terbit Jaya in Prabumulih.
This research was done by using legal normative-empirical approach.
Research�s subject were respondents and resource persons that specified with non
probability sampling techniques using purposive sampling. The data which were
used in this research were the primary data and secondary data consisting of
primary legal data, secondary legal data, and tertiary legal data. The data were
collected through the library research by documents study and field research by
interview, then the data were analyzed qualitatively by descriptive methods.
The results of this research indicate that there are two ways in acquisiting
the land for housing by CV. Terbit Jaya in Prabumulih. The ways are by making a
contract of cooperation which is legalized by notary public and contract of sale
which is made underhand by the parties. The function of notary public in land
acquisition for housing by CV. Terbit Jaya in Prabumulih are legalizazing the
contract of cooperation, making power of attorney for the sale of the land and
power of attorney for land fission based on underhand contract of sale.


The article is devoted to philosophical research progress of religious life trends in the conditions of transformation of Ukrainian society. Exerting a charitable influence on the expansion and strengthening of national self-consciousness and the development of our state, the Ukrainian Churches must gain strength from the powerful influx of the national idea and the progress of Ukrainian statehood. On the other hand, the great paradigm shift observed in the period of important transformational social changes should include in its dialogue the Ukrainian interpretation of Orthodoxy as a basis for the cultural self-identification of the Ukrainian people.


Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) has been recognized as a fair substitute for meat and is the most intensively cultivated mushroom worldwide. The nutritional value of the mushroom is one of the main factors determining its quality. The current study investigated the variation in nutritional composition of button mushroom as affected by substrate type. Three locally composted wastes were used; chic: deep litter chicken manure, ban: banana wastes (leaves and pseudo-stems) and win: winery wastes (grape marc). Each type of compost was mixed separately with horse manure compost (hors) in different ratios (30%, 50%, 70% and 100%) on volume basis. Control substrate consisted of 100% horse manure compost. Results showed that in the mixture hors-win: 30-70 water, fat, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Na and Ca contents were reduced, while ash and K contents were increased. There was a peak of water (90%), proteins (5.2%), Fe (21.9mg/kg), Cu (18.6mg/kg), Zn (10.2mg/kg), Na (74.5mg/kg), K (2mg/kg) and Ca (65.8mg/kg) contents in mushrooms picked from hors-chic: 0-100. Moreover, growing the mushroom on composted banana wastes (hors-ban: 0-100) produced fruits with the lowest protein (2.9%), fat (0.01%), Mg (147.5mg/kg), Na (64.8mg/kg), K (1.4mg/kg) and Ca (55.8mg/kg) contents and the highest ash content (2%). It seemed that the total use of chicken manure compost allowed the production of mushrooms with the closest nutritional composition to those of the traditional compost.


Cities are impacted both by the way we live in them and by policy which is implemented on different scales in city living. Cities and broader urban areas are highly impacted by human behaviour and the unprecedented challenges they face; this indicates that a siloed urban policy approach cannot support city policy because its impact is felt across multiple sectors. To achieve a clearer picture of policy design, a mapping methodology is proposed to document policy that is essential in responding to challenges holistically. This mapping exercise will explore and understand the connections across urban policy, breaking down the silos of policy that currently exist in cities and allowing better communications between policy officers and other stakeholders in cities. One of the expected results of this proposal is to create a model for designing policy infrastructure and clarify policy implications into local practice and local action for cities and urban areas. Furthermore, to understand policy on a local level through implementing initiatives into local policy and strategies.


Distributed callbacks differ from CORBA's conventional synchronous invocation model because they decouple the request for a service from the response(s). Callbacks are often useful when consumers of events don't need to wait synchronously for suppliers to generate the events. In addition, they can be used to deliver responses to long-running operations, rather than making clients block waiting for operations to complete. By definition, distributed callbacks flow from the server back to the client. Therefore, they turn a standard client/server relationship into a peer-to-peer relationship. This reinforces the fact that terms like "client" and "server" are useful only for describing the roles played for each CORBA request. By re-architecting our distributed stock quote server to employ callbacks, we showed how the flexibility of making requests in "both directions" can solve problems associated with CORBA's synchronous request/response model. Chief among these problems is the network/server saturation caused by polling operations. As we pointed out last column, however, the distributed callback design introduced a new set of problems, which include the following:


Total single-electron-capture cross sections for H/sup +/ from hydrocarbons (CH/sub 4/, C/sub 2/H/sub 2/, C/sub 2/H/sub 4/, C/sub 2/H/sub 6/, (CH/sub 2/)/sub 3/, C/sub 3/H/sub 6/, C/sub 3/H/sub 8/, C/sub 4/H/sub 8/) and the oxide (CO, CO/sub 2/, O/sub 2/) and fluoride (CF/sub 4/, C/sub 2/F/sub 6/, C/sub 4/F/sub 8/, SF/sub 6/) gases, as well as Ne, have been measured in the projectile energy range 0.8--3.0 MeV. For comparison at 0.8 MeV/u, electron-capture cross-section measurements for 3.2-MeV He/sup +/ were also made on most of these same gases. These systematic measurements display additivity failure in each C/sub m/X/sub n/ molecular species. A simple geometrical model, used to estimate intramolecular electron-loss probabilities, allowed extraction of ''atomic'' sigma/sub 10/ values for C, O, F, and S at each projectile energy. These extracted cross sections generally agreed well with total bound-state electron-capture calculations, corrected for the projectile's energy loss and Coulomb deflection, target electron-shell binding and polarization, and relativistic effects.


After designing a navigation display data set(NDIS_SET)including several dimensions,a new parallel display algorithm with navigation data named N_PDIS is presented to adapt to embedded computation and memory limited resources.N_PDIS can choose one from two preparative bitmaps and switch to screen automatically through two parallel threads.After compared with normal navigation data display algorithm named NDIS,N_PDIS is shown more effective to improve display efficiency.


The Chamber for Atmospheric and Orbital Space Simulation (ChAOSS) is currently being developed at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs to accurately simulate a variety of space environment conditions that spacecraft will encounter in a variety of orbits and solar conditions. The facility will simulate ultra-high vacuum, charged particle interactions, ultra-violet radiation, visible solar flux, and thermal cycling. This facility will focus on the study the combined effects of multiple environmental elements that are absent in single element facilities. The benefit of testing systems using a combination of environmental factors is that the combined effects can effect material and systems in a different manner than the singular factors alone. To characterize the charged particles in the plasma environment a diagnostics suite has been developed. In this research a retarding potential analyzer (RPA) and several Langmuir probes have been developed and tested to measure plasma parameters of key charged particle components. A charge exchange system has been notionally designed for neutralization of oxygen ions for the purpose of energetic atomic oxygen production.


Objective: To explore the theory of behavior change in maintenance hemodialysis patients self management behavior and the influence of quality of life,as to provide theoretical basis for improve the quality of life. Methods: 64 patients with maintenance hemodialysis were randomly divided into control group and intervention group and there were 32 patients in each group. The control group given hemodialysis routine nursing care,intervention group in addition to the given routine care,also the implementation of TTM intervention; meanwhile,evaluating and comparing the self- management behaviors of these two groups before and after 12 weeks' intervention. Results: Intervention group patients after intervention TTM self- management in various fields,score and total score were higher than before, there was statistical significant( P = 0. 000); control group's self- management scores in all areas before and after TTM intervention was no significant difference( P > 0. 05). Conclusion: TTM intervention model might be helpful to improve the self- management level of MhD patients; therefore,it should be promoted and applied in clinical nursing.


be those that mark the emergence not only of the United States as a major world power but also of a new American artistic avant-garde, aggressively different in style and aesthetic from previous European modernism. Recently some attention has focused on how Abstract Expressionism came to critical prominence and on the political and cultural implications of this new avant-garde, due to the apparent congruence between an aesthetic that stressed individuality and vigour and the Cold War liberal ideology of the postwar Truman era, which equated these two characteristics with Western (American) democracy. However, within the context of this reappraisal of Abstract Expressionism and its increasing prominence, little attention has been focused upon this group's performance within the marketplace. Where this subject has been broached, there has been a tendency to equate critical and commercial acceptance. If this equation were true, then it would suggest that Abstract Expressionism achieved commercial success in the late 1940s. My contention is that this reading of the situation creates a distortion, predating such success by a number of years, and that only in the mid-1950s did one see any measurable public willingness to buy the work of Abstract Expressionists. Such a misapprehension could be based upon a misunderstanding or incomplete reading of economic and cultural factors that indicate that the Abstract Expressionist artists could achieve market success in the 1940s. The early to mid-1940s were years of remarkable warinduced prosperity, with concommitant high levels of liquidity. Between 1942 and 1946, the Gross National Product of the United States rose sixty-six percent, the stock market was newly bouyant with share prices rising by eighty percent, personal income levels doubled for most sections of the population, and despite the introduction of a widely-based income tax system in 1942, levels of disposable income were exceptionally high.' This liquidity was accompanied, as a result of years of Depression and war-induced shortages, by a public hunger for consumer durables and luxury goods, and in the mid1940s one sees a dramatic increase in spending on luxury goods (consumer durables still being unobtainable because of wartime controls on industry). This spending activity was reflected in the art world. In 1943 one auction house, Parke-Bernet, reported a gross for the previous season of $6.15 million-a considerable increase from the $2.5 million spent in 1940-and the total annual value of such sales remained between $6 million and $6.5 million until 1946.2 The year 1943 also saw the start of a reported boom for the commercial galleries on FiftySeventh Street with large increases in sales in successive seasons until, in 1946, they were three hundred percent higher than in 1940.' Also present at the time was a belief, propounded by sections of the media (and more particularly the art press), that there was a new, more widely-based middle-class public for contemporary art. This public was thought to be newly willing to concede DEIRDRE ROBSON is a graduate student at University College, London. She is currently writing her dissertation on the patronage of Abstract Expressionism.


A criterion for the uniqueness of limiting Gibbs states in classical models with unique ground states is formulated. Various applications of this criterion formulated in the terminology of percolation theory are discussed.