The present invention relates to a paint chaehwa wallpaper and a manufacturing method thereof. Chaehwa seven wallpaper of the present invention chaehwa consisting been saengchil the pigment blended in the surface of the wallpaper fabric 10 chilcheung 20 is or that the fabric 30 on the surface of the wallpaper fabric 10 formed is baejeop, on the upper surface It characterized in that the formed chaehwa chilcheung 20 is saengchil and pigments made in combination. Method of producing chaehwa seven wallpaper of the present invention comprises a step to create a chaechil of various colors by blending a pigment in saengchil; By coating the surface of the wallpaper chaechil the fabric to form a chaehwa chilcheung; And a step of drying the wallpaper is the chaehwa chilcheung formed. Another method of producing chaehwa seven wallpaper of the present invention comprises a step to create a chaechil of various colors by blending a pigment in saengchil; Baejeop step of the fabric to the surface of the fabric wallpaper; Forming a chaehwa chilcheung by applying the chaechil on the top surface of the fabric; And a step of drying the wallpaper is the chaehwa chilcheung formed. The paint of the present invention produced in the same manner chaehwa wallpaper chemical resistance, good adhesion, durability, and at the same time to express chaechil distinctive different colors, gloss, patterns maximize the interior effect having a pollution-free coating of lacquer components of natural, water resistance, room loyalty, antiseptic, it is possible to expect the effect of the heat resistance and the flame retardancy can be used as environment-friendly functional wallpaper. Wallpaper, chaehwa seven, chaehwa chilcheung, textiles, saengchil, chaechil, geonchil minutes,


A method for evaluating the reliability of policy recommendations derived from a linear dynamic structural econometric model in the framework of the linear quadratic control problem has been recently proposed by Friedmann (1980, 1981). The method analytically derives the asymptotic distribution of the estimated optimal policy and in particular the asymptotic standard errors of policy instruments, with respect to structural coefficients estimation errors. The use of analytic simulation and of Monte Carlo techniques allows to extend Friedmann's findings to medium and large size dynamic linear models and to nonlinear econometric models. Empirical results for some nonlinear models of national economies are reported in the paper.


List of Illustrations vii Preface ix CHAPTER ONE: Integration and Difference 1 CHAPTER TWO: The Book and the Numbers 31 CHAPTER THREE:Character and the Voice of the Musical 54 CHAPTER FOUR: The Ensemble Effect 78 CHAPTER FIVE: The Drama of Numbers 102 CHAPTER SIX: The Orchestra 126 CHAPTER SEVEN: Narration and Technology: Systems of Omniscience 149 CHAPTER EIGHT: What Kind of Drama Is This? 179 Bibliography 213 Index 221


With all of the news reports of global warming and other environmental troubles facing society today, one might wonder if mineral science has any role to play in solving these problems. It certainly does! Traditionally, the major application of minerals and mineral science has been in the understanding of how rocks form (petrogenesis) and behave. This is essentially the study of the solid part of the earth, or petrology. Mineralogy by its very nature, however, is an interdisciplinary science, as is geology, in which the principles of physics and chemistry are applied to Earth materials. There are numerous other applications of minerals outside the realm of petrology or even geology, and the importance of minerals extends into many areas of scientific and technological pursuit including materials science, environmental science, medicine, biology, and engineering. A series of forthcoming Word to the Wise columns will address modern mineralogy and its application in these diverse disciplines. In this column we explore some of the connections that minerals and mineral science have with our environment and in helping to solve environmental problems facing society today: in other words, environmental mineralogy. So what exactly is environmental mineralogy? To quote the recently established International Mineralogical Association (IMA) Working Group on Environmental Mineralogy and Geochemistry:


In order to evaluate transfer learning models for Natural Language Processing on a common ground, numerous general domain (sets of) benchmark data sets have been established throughout the last couple of years. Primarily, the proposed tasks are classification (binary, multi-class), regression or language generation. However, no benchmark data set for (extreme) multi-label classification relying on full-text inputs has been proposed in the area of social science survey research to this date. This constitutes an important gap, as a common data set for algorithm development in this field could lead to more reproducible, sustainable research. Thus, we provide a transparent and fully reproducible preparation of the 2008 American National Election Study (ANES) data set, which can be used for benchmark comparisons of different NLP models on the task of multi-label classification. In contrast to other data sets, our data set comprises full-text inputs instead of bag-of-words representations or similar. Furthermore, we provide baseline performances of simple logistic regression models as well as performance values for recently established transfer learning architectures, namely BERT (Devlin et al., 2018), RoBERTa (Liu et al., 2019) and XLNet (Yang et al., 2019).


Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described in 1981 in USA. In 1983, human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) was isolated, and in the following year it was demonstrated clearly that it was the causative agent of AIDS. The disease is a major health problem in many parts of the world. The high prevalence and striking diversi‐ ty of neurological disorders complicating AIDS were recognized in 1983 (Snider et al., 1983). AIDS was associated with distinct neurological syndromes, such as dementia, myelopathy and painful neuropathy that appeared to result from the HIV itself. Over the last 30 years, there has been increasing recognition of the role that auto antibodies play in neurological disorders. Dur‐ ing the past decade, AIDS has become a global health problem with 182,000 000 cases reported from 152 countries. It is estimated that nearly five to ten million people are infected worldwide with HIV-1. With a mean incubation period from time of infection to the development of AIDS of eight to 10 years, it is projected that nearly all HIV-1-infected individual will develop AIDS within the next 15 years (Quinn, 1990). It has become increasingly evident that the vast majori‐ ty of HIV-1 infected people will eventually develop AIDS or an AIDS-related condition (De Wolf and Lange, 1991) with a median time of progression to AIDS of 7-10 years from infection in adults (Lui et al., 1988; Bacchetti and Moss, 1989) and shorter periods in infants and elderly patients (Medley et al., 1987; Auger et al., 1988; Lagakos & DeGruttola, 1989). In the United States alone, 104, 210 cases of AIDS and more than 61,000 deaths have been reported. Sexual, parenteral as well as perinatal transmission routes have remained the major modes of trans‐ mission, although the proportion of cases within each risk behaviour category has changed. Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in the proportion of AIDS patients who have ac‐ knowledged as IV drug user or have heterosexual contact with other individuals at high risk for HIV infection (Quinn, 1990).


A hyperbranched poly(methylene bisacrylamide–aminoethyl piperazine) (HPMA) and lactobionic acid modified hyperbranched poly(methylene bisacrylamide–aminoethyl piperazine) (LA–HPMA), namely, galactosylated HPMA, were assembled with alginate through the application of the layer-by-layer technique to fabricate polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films. We monitored the assembly process to reveal the stepwise mass increase with a quartz crystal microbalance with the dissipation technique and by the reversal of the ζ potential. The thickness of PEMs assembled in solutions with different pHs was measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry; it showed a general decreasing tendency along with the pH increase. Postincubation in a buffer solution revealed that the multilayers possessed good stability with a thickness decrease from 5 to 15%. The PEMs showed a limited protein adsorption. Serum, bovine serum albumin, and fibrinogen were adsorbed onto the multilayers with a density within hundreds of nanograms per square centimeter to 1 μg/cm2 and showed a relatively smaller adsorption on the multilayers assembled at pH 9. The PEMs assembled with LA–HPMA showed the lowest adhesion and activation of platelets, regardless of the outmost layer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44769.


The scientific and technological strength is becoming more fundamental than ever before as one of the key factors in today's world comprehensive competition.Furthermore,a country's capability of independent innovation is regarded as the core of its scientific and technological strength.The United States is generally known as the strongest country,which holds both the advanced capability of independent innovation and high-tech industry.It can be of great assistance to China by leading a study on the case where the United States gained a successful development of independent innovation.


A voltage control device includes a first light emitting unit, a first transistor electrically connected to the first light emitting unit and operated in a saturation region in accordance with a first control signal, and a control unit; the control unit includes a selection comparison module electrically connected to the first light emitting unit, a charge switch module electrically connected to the selection comparison module, a discharge switch module electrically connected to the selection comparison module, and a capacitor electrically connected with charge/discharge switch module and the first transistor. The cross voltage of the capacitor as the first control signal; when a first comparison signal is at a high level, a charging current of the charge switch module flows into the capacitor so that the capacitor is charged with the charging current; and when the first comparison signal is at a low level, the capacitor is discharged via the discharge switch module.


South Africa is Africa's leading economy and yet in recent years, its steady growth has been restricted by energy crisis resulting from underinvestment and inadequate planning. This crisis coincides with the existing issue that over 3 million South African households are not connected to the national grid. Rural electrification by means of microsources (MS) and distributed generation through a microgrid (MG) approach presents itself as an attractive solution. This paper reviews the researches involving the models of MG implementation, future grid integration, and discusses the technical challenges involving rural electrification through MG.


Introduction . The percentage of survivors of childhood malignancies has been steadily increasing up to 80% at present. Despite of the progress in prophylaxis and treatment of early and late side effects, the latter still deteriorate the results of ALL therapy. Therefore, to assure further improvement of treatment results and to reduce the risk of life threatening side effects, further analysis and identification of characteristic early and late complications is needed. Patients and methods . Sixty children (28 boys, 32 girls) with ALL diagnosed and treated in the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, over the period between October 2002 and March 2006 were included. Median age at diagnosis was 5 years. Infectious and toxic side effects were graded from 0 to IV according to WHO exact criteria. Results . Early complications, including infectious, toxic and corticosteroid-related, were observed in 73.3% children. Infection was diagnosed in 54.5% patients, in 54.2% children the diagnosis was only clinically documented, in 45.8% cases infection was also confirmed by microbiological tests. Neutropenic fever of unknown origin occurred in 18.6% children. There was one (2.2%) non-relapse death related to viral infection complicated by the Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome. Toxic stomatitis was diagnosed in 43.2% of cases and liver toxicity in 27.3% of cases, diarrhea in 27.3% patients, whilst nausea and vomiting in 6.8% patients. Coagulopathy (thromboembolic and haemorrhagic episodes) was diagnosed in 6.8% children. The mean glucose level was 82.54±13.89 mg/dl before the treatment, whilst 99.01±45.39 mg/dl after protocol I. Three (6.8%) patients were diagnosed with hyperglycaemia after protocol I. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) level measured after protocol I was higher than before the treatment, whereas the potassium levels measured after protocol I were significantly lower than the level before the treatment. In 83.7% children complications significantly prolonged remission induction therapy. The age group where complication occurred in 90% was group of patients between 5 and 10 years of age. The frequency of complications in all risk groups were similar and reached 71.4% in the SR-group, 70.4% in the IR-group and 73.7% in the HR-group. Discussion . This study presents the most common complications during remission induction of ALL therapy according to the ALL IC-BFM 2002 protocol. The spectrum of observed side effects does not differ markedly from those obtained recently by other groups. Nevertheless, in order to achieve better outcomes in childhood ALL in the future prompt and accurate analysis of early complications may provide better supportive care in this group of pediatric patients.


For many Europeans, eating out of home has become a part of their lifestyle. Recent data indicate that in Belgium more than 35% of the Belgian population consumed over 25% of their energy intake when eating out (1). The catering sector is consequently well placed to be involved in strategies that aim to promote healthy diets. A large number of countries in Europe have outlined strategies for the involvement of the catering sector in their national nutrition policy (2). By and large, those strategies are geared towards labelling of foods and prepared meals, training of staff and advertising.


We provide solution existence results for the convex quadratic programming problems in Hilbert spaces, which the constraint set is defined by finitely many convex quadratic inequalities. In order to obtain our results, we shall use either the properties of the Legendre form or the properties of the finite-rank operator. The existence results are established without requesting neither coercivity of the objective function nor compactness of the constraint set.


The demographic structure of a country influences economic activity. The "second dividend" modifies growth. Accordingly, in general equilibrium, the second dividend and the demographic structure are interrelated. This paper aims at assessing empirically the "second dividend" in a dynamic, empirical and intertemporal setting that allows for measuring its impact on growth, its intergenerational redistributive effects, and its interaction with the demographic structure. The article uses a general equilibrium model with overlapping generations, an energy module and a public finance module. Policy scenarios compare the consequences of recycling a carbon tax through lower proportional income tax rather than higher public lumpsum expenditures. They are computed for two countries with different demographics (France and Germany). Results suggest that the magnitude of the "second dividend" is significantly related with the demographic structure. The more concentrated the demographic structure on cohorts with higher income and saving rate, the stronger the effect on capital supply of the second dividend. The second dividend weighs on the welfare of relatively aged working cohorts. It fosters the wellbeing of young working cohorts and of future generations. The more concentrated the demographic structure on aged working cohorts, the higher the intergenerational redistributive effects of the second dividend. JEL classification : D58 D63 E62 L7 Q28 Q43.


Internet and web technologies have triggered unprecedented changes in libraries. Web 2.0 services, especiallythe emergence of services like Instant Messaging, Steaming media, Blogs, News feeds, Social bookmarking tools, Tagging, etc., revolutionized the internet and online experience. Social networking has become an integral part of today's professional and social living. While there is no doubt that these tools are used very effectively in Library and Information profession, there is a need to analyse and see how it has been used in libraries through proper surveys. Keeping that in mind ETTLIS embarked on a user survey with basic web 2.0 related questions. These two papers look at the emerging Web 2.0 services for libraries with an elaborate analysis and provides the result of the survey conducted on the usage of Web 2.0 services especially for libraries.


In wireless communication systems, there are many stages for signal transmission. Among them, mapping and demapping convert a sequence of bits into a sequence of complex numbers and vice versa. This operation is performed by a system of constellations~ -- by a set of labeled points on the complex plane. Usually, the geometry of the constellation is fixed, and constellation points are uniformly spaced, e.g., the same quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is used in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). By eliminating the uniformity of constellations, it is possible to achieve greater values of capacity. Due to the current standard restrictions, it is difficult to change the constellation both on the mapper or demapper side. In this case, one can optimize the constellation only on the mapper or the demapper side using original methodology. By the numerical calculating of capacity, we show that the optimal geometric constellation depends on SNR. Optimization is carried out by maximizing mutual information (MI). The MI function describes the amount of information being transmitted through the channel with the optimal encoding. To prove the effectiveness of this approach we provide numerical experiments in the modern physical level Sionna simulator using the realistic LDPC codes and the MIMO 5G OFDM channels.


We consider the problem of classification of functional data into two groups by linear classifiers based on one-dimensional projections of functions. We reformulate the task to find the best classifier as an optimization problem and solve it by regularization techniques, namely the conjugate gradient method with early stopping, the principal component method and the ridge method. We study the empirical version with finite training samples consisting of incomplete functions observed on different subsets of the domain and show that the optimal, possibly zero, misclassification probability can be achieved in the limit along a possibly non-convergent empirical regularization path. Being able to work with fragmentary training data we propose a domain extension and selection procedure that finds the best domain beyond the common observation domain of all curves. In a simulation study we compare the different regularization methods and investigate the performance of domain selection. Our methodology is illustrated on a medical data set, where we observe a substantial improvement of classification accuracy due to domain extension.


THE ANCIENT INDIAN FLAP: A TECHNIQUE STILL UP TO DATE (Abstract): Aim: To reevaluate an old surgical technique that is still used and even up to date. Material and methods: A series of 24 patients was reviewed: 10 women and 14 men aged 55 to 84 years who underwent surgery between 2011 and 2017. All patients had various facial lesions removed from the nasal pyramid, nose and cheek region, nose and upper lip, and from the internal angle of the orbit. Most of the removed lesions were malignant- basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, with only one benign lesion consisting of a hemangioma. For covering of the post-excisional defect, the Indian flap was used and mobilized into the defect by rotation, transposition or tunneling of an island flap. Results: Favorable results were achieved from a cosmetic and functional point of view, without any flap loss. Illustrative cases for each type of lesion and performed flap are presented and the postoperative outcomes are exemplified. Conclusions: The Indian flap remains the gold standard to cover defects in the nasal and neighboring regions.


The academic education within the complete farm-to-table concept was brought together at the Seinajoki University of Applied Sciences (Seinajoki UAS), combining the schools of Agriculture, Food and Biotechnology engineering and Hospitality management as school of Food and Agriculture. By a close cooperation, the schools of primary production, food engineering, and commerce & marketing, establish a way to efficiently facilitate the learning process of the students, and help them to obtain knowledge of all stages in the production of food. Accomplished employees with multiple skills and good understanding of the complete food chain are in greater demand. This is particularly evident in case of SMEs. Large companies may rely more on specialists. The good knowledge of marketing and sales, as well as the product development and the logistics are further areas that possess room for improvement in many companies located in South Ostrobothnia region. Furthermore, companies evaluate sustainability and ethical responsibility as values of greatest significance. From the educational perspective, a comprehensive theoretical knowledge accompanied by well-organized practical training periods is important. Approaches to tighten up the interactions between the education at Seinajoki UAS school of Food and Agriculture and the enterprises in southern Ostrobothnia region are further evaluated. Education implementing projects is becoming regularly utilized in the student curricula at UAS. Students learn cooperativity, sharing and taking responsibility, and they learn to take initiatives and to solve problems – important skills in real working environment. Re-grouping students with different acts as an innovative and motivating force for students and gives an option for companies to introduce themselves. Novel technological solutions for data collection and analysis, based on mobile laboratory equipment and other systems, open up new possibilities for education within the farm-to-table concept.


1 The mechanisms by which cAMP stimulates Ca2+‐dependent insulin secretion were investigated by combining measurements of whole‐cell Ca2+ currents, the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and membrane capacitance in single mouse B‐cells maintained in tissue culture. 2 Cyclic AMP stimulated exocytosis > 4‐fold in whole‐cell experiments in which secretion was evoked by intracellular dialysis with a Ca2+‐EGTA buffer with a [Ca2+]i of 1.5μm. This effect was antagonized by inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA). 3 Photorelease of cAMP from a caged precursor potentiated exocytosis at Ca2+ concentrations which were themselves stimulatory (≥60 nm), but was without effect in the complete absence of Ca2+. 4 Elevation of intracellular cAMP (by exposure to forskolin) evoked a 6‐fold PKA‐dependent enhancement of the maximal exocytotic response (determined as the maximum increase in cell capacitance that could be elicited by a train of depolarizations) in perforated‐patch whole‐cell recordings. 5 Exocytosis triggered by single depolarizations in standard whole‐cell recordings was strongly potentiated by cAMP, but in this case the effect was unaffected by PKA inhibition. 6 When exocytosis was triggered by Ca2+ released from Ca2+‐NP‐EGTA ('caged Ca2+), cAMP exerted a dual stimulatory effect on secretion: a rapid (initiated within 80 ms) PKA‐independent phase and a late PKA‐dependent component. 7 We conclude that cAMP stimulates insulin secretion both by increasing the release probability of secretory granules already in the readily releasable pool and by accelerating the refilling of this pool.


In order to obtain monitoring data of rocky desertification in Leye county in 2011,this paper used the remote sensing image and the data of rocky desertification collected in 2005 for field survey. We analyzed the dynamic changes of rocky desertification in the Leye county and couducted the zonation of the changes. Through the analysis and contrast,the area of rocky desertification was reduced by5337. 0hm2. The area transformed from rocky desertification to potential rocky desertification was6909. 5hm2,which was a dominant factor in the process of dynamic changes. The rocky desertification has shown a decreasing tendency.


To achieve the high-performance speed control of PMSM,the influence of iron loss cannot be neglected.Therefore,this paper presents the mathematical model of PMSM including iron loss.On d-q axis,on the assumption that the iron loss is produced in equivalent eddy current winding,the effect of the iron loss can be represented with equivalent iron loss resistance in voltage equations.As a result of equivalent iron loss resistance,the d-q axis flux interferes each other and the electromagnetic torque is affected by the equivalent iron loss resistance.In order to validating the validity of the model builded,under the environment of Matlab/Simulink,simulation model of PMSM was set up,and applied in the rotor-flux-oriented vector control,the simulation results proved the validity of the simulation model.


HOST RANGE OF MAMMALIAN TYPE C RETROVIRUSES IS DETERMINED BY RECEPTOR EXPRESSION Studies in mice have identified inbred strains that inherit proviruses encoding type C retroviruses which are expressed during fetal development, resulting in persistent viremia. These mice develop leukemia within 8–12 months after birth as a consequence of virus-induced changes in the expression of host genes that regulate cell growth. An important step in the pathogenesis of virus-induced leukemia is the appearance of recombinant retroviruses that carry alterations in envelope and long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences which enhance virus replication in hematopoietic cells (Elder et al. 1977; Cloyd et al. 1980). These viruses were initially identified because they infect mink fibroblasts (Chattopadhyay et al. 1981Chattopadhyay et al. 1982), a property that distinguishes them from the ecotropic parent virus, which infects only rodent cells (DeLarco and Todaro 1976). In addition, two other groups of type C viruses (amphotropic [Hartley et al. 1976; Rasheed et al. 1976]; xenotropic [Levy 1973]) have been identified in mice that also infect cells of other mammals. Comparison of mouse type C retroviral (murine leukemia virus [MuLV]) proteins identified differences in their envelope proteins that correlated with the pattern of infection of mammalian cells (Battini et al. 1992), a finding confirmed by pseudotyping experiments. In studies in mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, Rein and Schultz (1984) correlated this property with the capacity of MuLVs to establish superinfection interference. Previous studies had suggested that the block to superinfection results from loss of sites for virus attachment caused by binding of...


In order to study the role of metadata in distance education, builds a metadata model query model that is very simple and very general. The model's implementation is based on LDAP directory server, and provides fast and convenient querying service through web. The model is independent of the any e-learning application. Based on it, the further research on modern distance education is available.


In this article, a method of grinding material stepwise realized in the roller press mill and a ball mill, equipped with energy-exchange units (LEU). It was found that when using a ball mill, equipped with LEU, depending on the angle of rotation of the drum periodically changes its load level of grinding media in the chambers, and in the zone of active influence of LEU is lifted and to give them the longitudinal-transverse movement, characterized by, created in traditional mills. The technique of determining the power consumed by the mill is further equipped with energy-exchange units consumed for longitudinal movement of the grinding bodies in the grinding of materials, previously ground to a roller press mill. Presented equation for its calculation. The influence on the additional power consumption of the length of the first chamber, the angle of energy-exchange devices and load factors cameras grinding bodies. Comparative results obtained by experiment and calculations.


We show how the coherent shaping of free-electron wavefunctions enables the construction of coherent grid states. We present a scheme to create Schrödinger cat and GKP states, which are sought-after for fault-tolerant photonic quantum computation.


The iterative "maximum brightness" delay aberration correction algorithm searches on each array element for the beamformer delay that maximizes the spatial-average speckle brightness. The array elements are optimized in turn until the entire aperture is corrected. A minimum of two transmits per line in the ROI (two "shots") are required for each element but the actual number is typically much greater, especially when small delay steps are employed. Furthermore, thermal or motion-induced noise can introduce false, transient maxima. These often cause the iterative search to halt prematurely at incorrect delay values, a problem which is also exacerbated as the step size is reduced. This paper describes a new family of algorithms, termed "N-shot", in which the number of shots is constant and small (as low as N = 2). All are based on the empirical observation that the average speckle brightness exhibits a nearly sinusoidal variation with respect to any one element's beamformer delay. Application of a priori knowledge allows the phase of the sinusoid, and hence the delay aberration value for a given element, to be determined with only two shots. An additional shot allows brightness trends due to "motion noise" to be estimated and removed. Appropriate separation of the delays used for the shots reduces susceptibility to thermal noise. Compared to the iterative algorithm, this new approach is at least as fast and typically much faster, the number of transmits is deterministic and independent of delay quantization, and it has reduced susceptibility to thermal and motion noise. The effectiveness of the algorithm was tested experimentally using an artificial aberrator attached to a phased array. Comparisons between aberrated and corrected phantom images confirm the ability of the N-shot algorithm to determine delay aberrations with only two ROI firings for each array element


The present situation of domestic distribution transformer is introduced. The construction and features of omnisealed transformer, amorphous alloy transformer, wound core transformer, dry-type transformer and padmounted transformer are expounded emphatically. And their trends are forcasted.


Abstract In this paper, we give combinatorial proofs of some determinantal identities. In fact, we give a combinatorial proof of a theorem of R. P. Stanley regarding the enumeration of paths in acyclic digraphs along with some interesting applications. We also give an almost visual proof of a recent result of Oliver Knill, namely 'The generalized Cauchy–Binet Theorem.'


A search has been conducted for the decay p+~ &++y using spa~k chambers, scintillators, and fast oscilloscopes. The number of stopped pions, 7.39X10', and the detection eKciency of the apparatus for p-+ I, +y events, 3.9%, would predict the detection of 3 events for a branching ratio of 10 s. No evidence for the existence of this decay was found. The distribution in range of the o+ in graphite, and of the (o,v) angle for the events found near 180' was consistent with that expected from p+ ~ e++v+ v+p. The probability of 6nding the observed distribution was calculated to be greatest for an assumed p ~ e+y branching ratio of zero. This probability drops below 50% of this value if the branching ratio is 0.6)& 10,and below 10% for 2.2X10-s


Combining multi-secret sharing with Least Significant Bit(LSB)algorithm,a new image hiding scheme was proposed.This scheme reduced the size of each shadow image to become nearly 1/t of the secret image's,consequently reduced the size of cover images.According to(t-1)polynomial modulus p which was arbitrary,this scheme spliced some pixels of the secret image into a data unit so that the drawback was overcome that the image should be permutated before it was shared.Besides,the amount of polynomials in this scheme is smaller than that of Thien's and Li Bai's.


The experiment proved that cisplatine reduces the mechanical strength of bone by 8.2% as compared to the control group. No significant difference in the increase of bone strength were observed in the group of animals which received alpha-aescin as compared to a control group. Such an increase of bone strength was not confirmed in the case of administration of both cisplatine and alpha-aescin.


As U.S. traffic policy has evolved, congestion in the nation's cities has worsened steadily. Economists have long recognized that congestion can be dealt with simply and efficiently by charging motorists a very high premium for using the most popular roads during peak hours. Interest in congestion pricing is growing and has reached far beyond academia. A surge of conference activity has brought it to the fore among transportation planners and even some politicians. Several developments have combined to give currency to congestion pricing. For one thing, the failure of all other congestion policies gives new allure to drastic options. In addition, the potential of congestion pricing as a prodigious source of much-needed new revenue is being recognized by local, state, and federal officials alike. Congestion pricing would use money - instead of congestion delay - to ration scarce capacity. This approach is more efficient than conventional congestion policy, because time spent in congestion delay is lost forever and is a considerable drain on society.


The reaction chemistry for the conversion of isobutane on pure and fluorided aluminas was compared to continuous flow experiments. Catalysts with 0, 2.6, 4.5, and 6.5% F were pretreated in flowing oxygen either at 500 or 650{degrees}C. Only the products of dehydrogenation and demethanation were obtained on pure alumina; the rate of reaction was about one order of magnitude higher when the catalyst was pretreated at 650{degrees}C than when it was pretreated at 500{degrees}C. Paraffins, including neopentane, were also produced over fluorided aluminas; on catalysts pretreated at 650{degrees}C while dehydrogenation and demethanation decreased, paraffin formation increased with time on stream (TOS). Over the catalysts with 4.5 and 6.5% F the rate of hydride transfer-producing paraffins exceeded that of initiation (H{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} formation) by a factor of from 2 to 3. All of the catalysts were more active than silica-alumina for isobutane conversion. IR spectra from pyridine adsorbed on catalysts with 0-4.5% F and pretreated either at 500 or 650{degrees}C showed no evidence of a band of 1540-50 cm{sup -1} assignable to pyridinium ion formed by interaction between pyridine and Bronsted acid sites. On the catalyst with 6.5% F this band appeared when the catalyst was pretreated atmore » either 500 or 650{degrees}C. Isobutane can be dehydrogenated and demethanated over the dual acid-base pair sites of the alumina. The increasing paraffin formation with TOS may result from new and additional Bronsted sites introduced during dehydrogenation. 22 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.« less


The distribution and abundance of cockroaches were investigated in six hospitals in Trabzon. A total of 4756 (692 females, 652 males and 3412 nymphs) cockroaches were caught between 1st October 1999 and 30th January 2000. It was found that three cockroach species were present in hospitals. Of these, Blattella germanica was the predominant species with 98.25%, followed by Blatta orientalis (1.12%) and Periplaneta americana (0.63%). Although the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, was found in all areas of the hospitals, Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana were only caught in kitchens. When comparing the population density of German cockroaches in different places chosen for this study, it was clear that the number of this cockroach per 10 m2 (102.23) and infestation rate (83.61%) were higher in kitchens than in other places. It was seen that the population density of this species in kitchens is significantly different from that in other places (one-way ANOVA: F = 54.17, P 0.01). In conclusion, the population density of B. germanica increased over 45% humidity, but did not at lower humidity levels (39-45%).


Amniotic fluid lecithin and sphingomyelin areas after extraction and chromatography are rendered permanently visible by the use of bromthymol blue dye buffered to a pH of 11-3.


This paper considers how dramatizations of historical periods and events are effective in teaching adult audiences about history. Historic re-enactment provides a way around the "survey and memorize" that often characterize history by letting us test "what might have been". The analysis considers live theatre, sound-and-light shows, motion picture features, and made-for-television productions. All of these combine fiction, entertainment, and emotional involvement to communicate historic information. The portrayal of historical events may also spark social change, for example increasing understanding and improving race relations. Historic authenticity is not always achieved (consider Christmas plays!) but precision in the recreation of detail is often valued. Unquestionably, historic monuments are legitimate commemorations, and re-enactments, being more open-ended and contextual, are found to also be legitimate historiographic devices.


Survival in academia depends on publications in refereed journals. Authors only get their papers accepted if they intellectually prostitute themselves by slavishly following the demands made by anonymous referees who have no property rights to the journals they advise. Intellectual prostitution is neither beneficial to suppliers nor consumers. But it is avoidable. The editor (with property rights to the journal) should make the basic decision of whether a paper is worth publishing or not. The referees should only offer suggestions for improvement. The author may disregard this advice. This reduces intellectual prostitution and produces more original publications. 1. Prostitution of ideas and academic career When writing this paper, I never expected that it would be published in a (refereed) economics journal because it would not be able to pass the refereeing ∗ I wish to thank Rosemary Brown for helping to formulate the paper in English and I am grateful for helpful comments from William Baumol, Gary Becker, Matthias Benz, Mark Blaug, Brian Coplin, Andreas Diekmann, Egon Franck, Robert Frank, Joshua Gans, Steven Hanke, Gebhard Kirchgässner, Reto Jegen, Axel Lejonhufvud, Alfred Kieser, Rafael Lalive, Simon Luechinger, Casey Mulligan, Margit Osterloh, Stephan Meier, Karl-Dieter Opp, Colin Robinson, Dan Rubinfeld, Bob Tollison, Gordon Tullock, Richard E. Wagner and Hannelore Weck-Hannemann. I sent an earlier version of this paper to a considerable number of editors of professional economics journals, many of whom were kind enough to provide me with useful remarks. They agreed and disagreed with much of what I write, but there is nearly no consensus among them. I plan to publish (some) of the responses in a forthcoming book entitled "Economics of Economics". I thank the following editors for their responses: Morris Altman (J. Socio-Economics), Iain Begg (J. Common Market Studies), Ben Bernanke (Am. Ec. Rev.), Dominique Demougin (Eur. Ec. Rev.), James Dow (Rev. Ec. Stud.), David de Meza (Ec. J.), Edward Diener (J. Happiness Studies), Peter Earl (J. Ec. Psychology), René L. Frey (Kyklos), Donald George (J. Ec. Surveys), Reiner Eichenberger (Kyklos), Daniel Hamermesh (J. Population Ecs.), Ken Koford (Eastern Ec. J.), Kai A. Konrad (Ecs. Governance), Robert Kunst (Empirical Ec.), Sam Peltzman (J. Law & Ecs.), James Poterba (J. Public Ecs.), Rudolf Richter (J. Inst. & Theor. Ecs.), Barkley Rosser Jr. (J. Ec. Beh. & Organ), Charles K. Rowley (Public Choice), Friedrich Schneider (Public Choice), Günther Schulze (J. Cult. Ecs.), Mark Schuster (J. Cult. Ecs.) and Diana Strassmann (Feminist Ecs.).


The necessity arises for all specialists involved in accident assessment to consider, without exceptions, every genuinely produced accident indicator for accident reconstruction or else to fully confirm its validity from the results of the reported accident occurrences. The advanced physical variations of collision conditions, fast deformation processes, rolling and gliding conditions in the limiting area and diverging releasing- or quitting-actions lead, of necessity, to a wide band of achieved statements. This broad band can then be made sufficiently narrow for legal decision, if the force of such statements and the consequences of all accident characteristics are fully understood by researchers in collision mechanics and are correctly considered in the analysis. The procedures referred to are critically discussed and debated using examples of the "propulsion-balance" process for typical motor-car collisions and of the "deviation triangle according to slibar" for collisions between cars and edestrians. (kfv/e). (TRRL)


CONTEXT
National public insurance for drugs is often based on evidence of comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This study describes how that evidence has been used across 3 jurisdictions (Australia, Canada, and Britain) that have been at the forefront of evidence-based coverage internationally.

OBJECTIVES
To describe how clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence is used in coverage decisions both within and across jurisdictions and to identify common issues in the process of evidence-based coverage.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Descriptive analysis of retrospective data from the Common Drug Review (CDR) of Canada, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in Britain, and Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) of Australia. All publicly available information as of December 31, 2008, was gathered from each committee's Web site (data set begins in January 2004 [CDR], February 2001 [NICE], and July 2005 [PBAC]).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Listing recommendations for each drug by disease indication.

RESULTS
NICE recommended 87.4% (174/199) of submissions for listing compared with a listing rate of 49.6% (60/121) and 54.3% (153/282) for the CDR and PBAC, respectively. Significant uncertainty around clinical effectiveness, typically resulting from inadequate study design or the use of inappropriate comparators and unvalidated surrogate end points, was identified as a key issue in coverage decisions. Recommendations varied considerably across countries, possibly because of differences in the medications reviewed; different agency processes, including the willingness to negotiate on price; and the approach to "me too" drugs. The data suggest that the 3 agencies make recommendations that are consistent with evidence on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness but that other factors are often important.

CONCLUSIONS
NICE, PBAC, and CDR face common issues with respect to the quality and strength of the experimental evidence in support of a clinically meaningful effect. However, comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, along with other relevant factors, can be used by national agencies to support drug decision making. The results of the evaluation process in different countries are influenced by the context, agency processes, ability to engage in price negotiation, and perhaps differences in social values.


In Brazil, lamb producers face challenges raising their animals because of high anthelmintic resistance and loss of productivity due to parasites. It is well known that parasitic infections can reduce the performance of sheep. However, until the publication of this work, no research was found that quantified the effects that anemia reflected by FAMACHA© scores can exert on other zootechnical indicators in a lamb production system. The objective of this study was to use the FAMACHA© scores to quantify the impacts of anemia in ewes at breeding and lambing on the productive and reproductive performance of a meat sheep flock. The variables evaluated were i) FAMACHA© score of ewes at breeding and lambing, ii) body condition score of ewes at breeding and at lambing, iii) average daily gain of lambs until weaning, iv) ewe's age, v) birth weights per individual lamb and litter, vi) weaning weight, vii) ewe's weight, viii) litter size and ix) pre-weaning survival. The treatments evaluated corresponded to the FAMACHA© score of the ewes during breeding and lambing. Quantitative responses were submitted to analyses of variance and compared by Duncan's test. In contrast, qualitative or discrete responses were evaluated by the Kruskal & Wallis test and compared to Dunn's test. The Wilcoxon test was performed to compare the FAMACHA© scores of ewes at breeding and lambing. All statistical analyzes were performed using the R-Studio software version 4.2.0 at a 5% significance level. The FAMACHA© score of breeding ewes was related to the body condition score at breeding, ewe weight, pre-weaning survival, ewe age, litter size, and birth weight. Furthermore, the FAMACHA© score of ewes at lambing was related to the body condition score at lambing, ewe weight, pre-weaning survival, birth weight per lamb and litter, pre-weaning average daily gain, weaning weight, and age of the ewe. There was no significant difference between the test times of the FAMACHA© scores of the ewes, indicating that an ewe will present a similar score at both stages. It was concluded that ewes with FAMACHA© scores of 4 and 5 and their offspring showed the worst productive and reproductive performances. Conversely, the ewes with FAMACHA© 1 obtained the opposite result, demonstrating better technical performance.


It is well known that many lichens are restricted to particular, clearly defined habitats, and that this characteristic is especially useful as a guide to their identity. Thus ecological and habitat preferences have been quoted as aids to identification in many monographs of lichen genera, as well as in more general works. A useful recent development, making use of this concept, has been the publication of keys to species occupying easily recognizable habitats; for example, the keys to sterile crustose corticolous and terricolous species of Laundon (1962, 1963), and the key to species of shaded acid rock crevices and overhangs by James (1970). Such keys, designed primarily for the specialist, offer advantages over more broadly based keys in that a fuller ecological treatment can be given, and that rare, and correspondingly interesting species can be included. It often transpires that 'rare' species can benefit by the publicity given to them in an exhaustive key, and subsequently prove to be not rare but merely overlooked. The present work has been devised in keeping with this trend, and it is hoped, will make the recognition of lichens in a habitat somewhat neglected by lichenologists easier. It has also been produced in response to the often voiced complaint by marine biologists that 'we would work on lichens if only we could discover their names'.


If deployed, aerosol geoengineering (AG) could involve unfairness to both present and future parties. I discuss three broad risks of unfairness that an AG deployment policy might carry: (1) causing disproportionate harm to those least responsible for climate change, (2) burdening future parties with the costs and risks of AG and (3) excluding some interested parties from contributing to AG decision-making. Yet despite these risks, it may be too hasty to reject AG deployment as a potential climate-change policy. I argue that since it is very unlikely that a completely fair climate-change policy will be pursued, we have ethical reason to prefer some 'incompletely fair' policy. Given various facts about our world, it might be the case that some AG policy is ethically preferable to many other feasible climate change policies, even if AG carries deeply problematic risks of unfairness.


Warfarin users have higher case-fatality following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) compared to nonusers, as a result of larger hematoma volumes and longer periods of hematoma expansion.1,2 Antiplatelet therapy prolongs bleeding time and might be expected to produce similar effects on hematoma size and growth, but evidence for an independent effect of antiplatelet therapy on ICH outcomes has been inconsistent. While several studies demonstrated worse outcomes in patients taking antiplatelet agents, this can be attributed to the higher prevalence of previous stroke and cardiac disease in this group.

The question of whether prior antiplatelet therapy predicts increased mortality and morbidity following ICH has important implications for treatment and research. Over 25% of patients with ICH take antiplatelet drugs at the time of stroke onset.3 A randomized controlled trial of platelet transfusion to prevent hematoma growth in patients with ICH taking antiplatelet therapy is already underway,4 and other trials that are not directly concerned with reversing the effect of antiplatelet therapy may need to consider stratifying randomization based on antiplatelet therapy use.

In this …


Abstract : The classic single echelon inventory model is restructured as a two echelon problem in which demand and resupply are deterministic. Using cost minimization as the objective, three models are developed which address the problems of (1) no stockouts allowed (EOQ), (2) backorders allowed, and (3) finite production with no stockouts allowed. General solutions for the optimal policy are obtained in the EOQ and finite production models. In the backorder model, the analytical argument is limited to the case in which only time dependent backorder costs occurs. Algorithms are developed for solving problems for all three models, and selected parameter values are used to test the behavior of the models.


There is an ongoing debate within the field of agroecology about the importance of socio- economic context as a causal factor of agricultural unsustainability. The ultimate thesis of this paper is that the causes of unsustainability cannot be fully grasped without under- standing historical trajectories of land use and land tenure. I investigate a community of indigenous smallholders in southern Chile who have expressed a desire to find an ecological alternative to the input-intensive commodity cropping system they currently practice. What factors motivate them, and what are the key barriers holding them back? Interviews with 38 individuals and 3.5 months of participant observation reveal a complex causal chain. A key barrier to an alternative, more sustainable agricultural system is a deficiency of organic animal manure, of the animals which produce it, and of the land base on which to sustain sufficient numbers of livestock. But these factors can only be understood in the context of the historical dispossession of Mapuche territory by the Chilean state over a century ago, which led to socioeconomic marginalization by pushing them onto the poor soils and steep hillsides they currently occupy. I close by empha-sizing that the path to agricultural sustainability must combine both sociopolitical and agronomic considerations. Land access and land tenure are as important to achieving sustainability as land management. 8 or 10 years old, we sowed potatoes with nothing but animal manure… Then came the famous Green Revolution, and from that point the people who had a little more money bought chemical fertilizer and applied it. And they saw that the results were fantastic. And when they saw this, they said 'Wow' and they bought more… In time there were special mixes of fertilizer for potatoes, for wheat, for oats… there no (manta), no to we don't space to work the land, out other


The utility model pertains to the technology field of electric control devices, in particular relates to a multi-channel, multi-electric power storage and transmission controller, and comprises a storage battery unit and AC-DC inverter, the storage battery unit is connected with the AC-DC inverter and is access to the solar energy photovoltaic power supply and the city power supply, which charges the storage battery unit through the AC-DC inverter; the storage battery unit is connected with a control circuit, which comprises a pulse width modulated circuit, load transfinite protection circuit and over-voltage undervoltage protection circuit; the pulse width modulated circuit is connected with the city power supply and the storage battery unit, controlling the charge current of the city power supply; the load transfinite protection circuit is connected with the AC-DC inverter and undervoltage overvoltage protection circuit, monitoring the load; the undervoltage overvoltage protection circuit is connected with the storage battery unit, controlling the charge and discharge of the storage battery unit. The utility model is provided with energy storage management, inverter power supply, detection and display and other functions, and with a plurality of charge and discharge channels, so that the charge-discharge process is free from any outside influence.


Synthetic learning has a meaningful effect on displaying children's/students' problem-solving powers, opening all the necessary sources to learn or teach in the center of children/students between teachers and children/students in class activities, diversifying learning programs, facilitating children's/students' learning interest and leads to make full use of children's/students' problem-solving powers in the end. So this study discusses synthetic standard and appropriateness on the purpose of making high appropriateness of educational contents and of getting educational good results by pursuing synthesis of learning contents, selecting small concepts concerned after searching for common elements in curriculum, examining thoroughly the relationship of content units and tries to make integrated approaches to the subject net. The results show as follows: 1. This study discusses standard and appropriateness of learning content synthesis of practical arts subject over the sides of appropriateness in the knowledge of practical arts subject, appropriateness for practical arts subject learnings and appropriateness beyond practical arts subject learnings and then shows the principles of way. 2. This study examines aims and contents of curriculum, finding out the common subject 'actual life' included commonly in the broad concept of four structure of learnings, selecting small concepts concerned with this common subject, making the net of subjects on small concepts and then examines attributes in relation between 'actual life' and structure of learnings. 3. When the relation between common subject 'actual life' and structure of learnings gives and takes assistance each other, one is differentiated from assisting the other. In this case to give and take assistance each other is established to be the concept of mutual assistance and to give assistance to one side the concept of role. And this study also composes the fifth and sixth grades present curriculum of learning units to synthesize learning contents. 4. In learning process of each subject, children/students carry out four courses of plans, materials, informations and system, etc. and then approaches to problem-solving.


owadays college education has become a medium in our education levels. It takes up all the professional training in the future work for the students. And it has also played an important and historical role in our country.Not only is the advantage the language teaching, but also the cultural one. This article is intended for teachers of English language. It discusses many of the cultural backgrounds that English teachers have to face. It also describes the methods that have been found either failing or effective for each stage of the learner's progress.The ideas and techniques elaborated in this article can be readily understood easily put into practice. Teachers of English will, no doubt, find it very much helpful to be worth thinking about.


The purpose of this paper is to generate a dynamic description of cultural landscapes that moves current thinking beyond cultural landscapes as artifacts that are considered to be final products. In this paper, "cultural landscape" is defined as the physical expression of the complex and dynamic sets of relationships, processes and linkages between societies and environments. A society's environmental perception, values, institutions, technologies and political interests will result in particular planning and management goals and objectives for a specific landscape. Indigenous resource management systems often result in different cultural landscapes than those of managerial ecology. The process of how an indigenous cultural landscape is replaced by a cultural landscape of managerial ecology is documented in this paper. The restoration of indigenous cultural landscapes will first require recognition of the custodial responsibility of indigenous peoples for the beings with whom they share the land. This can then lead to alternative indigenous lands management institutions and organizations and the restoration of indigenous landscapes in northwestern Ontario. The developmental context established by indigenous land management institutions and organizations could also allow for a flourishing of novel resource management practices and technologies. L'objectif de cet article est de fournir une description dynamique des paysages culturels qui depasse l'idee actuelle voulant qu'il s'agit d'artefacts consideres comme des produits finis. Dans cet article, le « paysage » culturel est defini comme etant l'expression physique d'un ensemble complexe et dynamique de relations, processus et liens entre les societes et les environnements. La perception de son environnement par une societe, ses valeurs, ses institutions, ses technologies et ses interets politiques, produiront une planification et des objectifs de gestion particuliers pour un paysage specifique. Les systemes de gestion des ressources indigenes produisent souvent des paysages culturels differents de ceux de l'ecologie de gestion. L'article examine la facon dont le paysage culturel indigene est remplace par un paysage culturel associe a une ecologie de gestion. La restauration des paysages culturels indigenes exige d'abord la garde par les peuples indigenes des etres avec lesquels ils partagent la terre. Cela pourrait mener a des institutions et organisations indigenes de gestion des terres et a la 22 Environments 31 (1) restauration des paysages indigenes dans le nord-ouest de l'Ontario. Le contexte developpemental etabli par les institutions et organisations indigenes de gestion des terres pourrait aussi permettre l'epanouissement de nouvelles pratiques et technologies de gestion des ressources.


A solution and a process are disclosed for metallising nonconductors by means of conductive polymers which contain water-soluble polymers besides the aromatic compounds required to produce the conductive polymers. As water-soluble polymers homopolymers or copolymers are used.


Necrotizing soft tissue infection is a rapidly spreading bacterial infection that can quickly destroy a person's muscles, skin, and underlying tissue. In this retrospect chart review, we will look at how the utilization of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell (NPWTi-d) and novel reticulated open cell foam (ROCF-CC) assisted with the healing of a patient's wound along with decreasing the time spent in the operating room. NPWTi-d provided the benefits of wound healing such as solubilizing the infectious material and removing the devitalized tissue. Using this form of treatment, we were able to improve the patient's quality of life and decrease her time in the hospital.


The article presents the transformation of aesthetic suiside, which manifested as a cultural phenomenon at the boundary of the XVIII and XIX centuries, from the mystical act of aesthetically organized death into the «put up to the stream» imitative action which has widespread character.


Radiative transition of excited baryon to a nucleon with emission of a virtual massive photon decaying to dielectron pair (Dalitz decay) provides important information about baryon-photon coupling at low q 2 in timelike region. First measurements of such decays in proton-proton and quasi-free neutron-proton collisions have been conducted with the HADES detector at GSI/FAIR. The results for the Δ(1232) and higher mass resonances are presented. The extension of this program to pion induced reactions is outlined and illustrated with performance reached in the first pilot experiment.


A power generator, one of the most critical components in power plant, could experience unexpected series system failures, resulting in substantial maintenance and societal cost. This paper proposes a new health diagnostics method for water-cooled power generator windings against moisture absorption. The main idea of the proposed diagnostics method is a Directional Mahalanobis Distance (DMD) based on the correlation matrix of health data. In this study capacitance data measured from a winding insulator is referred to as health data. It is an indirect measure of moisture absorption in power generator windings by water leakage. Data from ten generators, of which each has 42 windings, are used for demonstration of the proposed health diagnostics method for power generator windings.


Work life and home life appear to be in increasing competition for scarce time and attention. Does the workplace offer a social haven for people? And if so, for whom is it most attractive? Or does the increasing affiliation with work life result from heightened job insecurity, which demands that employees focus on work in order to keep their jobs? Copyright (c) 2004 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.


ABSTRACT The aim was to develop, implement, and evaluate a physical education-based coping training program for vocational students. Two vocational schools participated in the quasi-experimental pilot study (EPHECT I). One school received the intervention (intervention group: n = 434), while the other school maintained regular physical education classes (control group: n = 430). Repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to examine the effects on coping and perceived stress. Additionally, effects were compared among students who reported low versus elevated life satisfaction. Finally, the implementation rate was considered as a moderating factor. Overall, no significant time by group effects were found between the intervention group and the control group. However, a reduction in maladaptive coping occurred among students of the intervention group who reported low life satisfaction. The implementation rate did not moderate the findings. Despite a relatively low implementation rate, the intervention program reduced maladaptive coping strategies in adolescents with low life satisfaction. Program monitoring needs to be increased in future research.


Four new species of Drymusa Simon, 1891 are described from the Oriental Amazonia, namely: Drymusa tobyi sp. nov., D. philomatica sp. nov., D. colligata sp. nov., and D. spelunca sp. nov., all from the state of Para, Brazil.


The invention relates to sageretia thea bathing powder capable of diminishing inflammation and alleviating pain and a production method thereof. The sageretia thea bathing powder comprises a medicinal powder bag and a spice bag, wherein the medicinal powder bag is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of sageretia thea, 10-16 parts of calamint, 10-16 parts of bitter bamboo shoot, 5-8 parts of potentilla multifida, 5-8 parts of laggera alata, 5-8 parts of blue sky grass, 5-8 parts of abutilon indicum, 3-6 parts of aconitum finetianum, 3-6 parts of cardamine macrophylla, 3-6 parts of ardisia primulaefolia and 3-6 parts of cirrhopetalum; the spice bag is prepared from the raw materials in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of rose, 8-10 parts of Chinese rose flower, 6-8 parts of bitter orange flower, 3-5 parts of lilac and 3-5 parts of lavandula angustifolia. The production method comprises the main steps: (1) preparing the medicinal powder bag, wherein the step of preparing the medicinal powder bag comprises the processes: (A) pretreating the raw materials; (B) soaking, evaporating to dryness, mincing and bake-frying; (C) extracting filtrates; (D) carrying out centrifugal separation and mixing solutions; (E) concentrating and drying; (2) preparing the spice bag; (3) loading the medicinal powder bag and the spice bag into a packaging bag, thereby preparing a finished product. The sageretia thea bathing powder capable of diminishing inflammation and alleviating pain, disclosed by the invention, has the effects of diminishing inflammation and alleviating pain, resolving phlegm and removing stasis, dispelling wind and clearing heat and detoxifying and reducing swelling in long-term use.


A method for classfying anti-nematodes tomato and normal tomato based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technology is presented. Forty anti-nematodes tomatoes and forty normal tomatoes were selected, and leaves spectrograms were achieved.The original spectrograms were preprocessed by normalization and wavelet transform. Support vector machine (SVM) model was established.The optimal parameter combination of the model was found by grid search method. The research indicates that the penalty parameter C mainly affects the recognition rate of model, while the kernel parameter γ mainly affects the prediction rate of model. The recognition rate and prediction rate of SVM model are 98% and 100% respectively. SVM model can identify anti-nematodes tomato and normal tomato well.


This paper synthesizes recent trends in the development of critical criminology into a new theoretical direction in thinking about crime. It rejects approaches to criminological theory that reduce crime to an outcome of micro causes or macro contexts. It suggests instead that thinking about crime should be reconsidered as the coterminous discursive production by human agents of an ideology of crime that sustains it as a concrete reality. It argues that this coproduction occurs when agents act out criminal patterns, when others seek to control criminal behavior, and when yet others attempt to research, philosophize about, and explain crime. The paper argues that reducing crime will only come about with a reduction of investment by human agents in the ideology of crime production. Such a reflexive re-conceptualization requires the development of a replacement discourse, rather than an oppositional one, a peacemaking discourse rather than a conflicting one. We call this new theoretical direction constitutive criminology.


The vertical handoff is highly time-sensitive in the heterogeneous wireless environment. The most available handoff decision methods are based on a few network parameters, and so the prediction of network parameters can intensely improve the efficiency of the vertical handoff. This paper focuses on improving the prediction model based on cost function. We first propose an adaptive network parameter prediction algorithm, which establishes the prediction function for each network parameter and computes the network's QoS. Then the handoff process based on network parameter prediction is present to guide the handoff execution. We prove theoretically that the proposed prediction algorithm covers the available methods. We find the proposed algorithm can keep handoff stability. The handoff decisions based on real value and prediction value are compared in the WLAN inter-network environment. The results show that the proposed prediction model can eliminate the unnecessary handoffs which caused by the performance shake of the access network, can predict evolution trends of the network parameters in the case of performance gradual change and make the terminal connect to the QoS-ensured network as soon as possible.


This article deals with a study on GMM-based voice conversion systems. We compare the main linear conversion functions found in the literature on an identical speech corpus. We insist in particular on the risks of over-fitting and over-smoothing . We propose three alternatives for robust conversion functions in order to minimize these risks. We show, on two experimental speech databases, that the approach suggested by Kain remains the more precise but leads to an over-fitting ratio of 1 . 72% . The alternatives which we propose, present an average degradation of 2 . 8% for a 0 . 52% over-fitting ratio.


This project conducted a preliminary evaluation of how mileage fees might be used as an alternative funding mechanism in Texas. Researchers interviewed stakeholders, technology experts, and the general public to gather feedback on the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing mileage fees in Texas. Researchers also prepared a decision matrix that can aid policy makers in evaluating the various trade-offs in policy necessary to successfully implement a mileage-fee system. In addition to conducting a literature review, the research team also solicited different perspectives on the issue from around the state. Researchers collected input from 13 transportation stakeholder groups representing a variety of interests, a nationwide panel of technology experts who reviewed public opinions about possible deployment options, and focus groups conducted with the general public in five communities of varying size and geography. The project's findings and recommendations are presented in this briefing paper. The three primary public acceptance barriers identified by the project are (1) feasibility, in terms of protecting privacy, administrative cost, and enforcement, (2) the need to adequately make the case for mileage fees, and (3) fairness of implementation.


The complement system is an essential component of the human innate immune system, playing a critical role as a defense mechanism against invading pathogens, priming adaptive immune responses and helping to remove immune complexes and apoptotic cells. Three different pathways comprise the complement system: the classical, lectin and alternative pathways [1]. While the complement system plays a central role in many protective immune functions, complement activation is a significant mediator of tissue damage in a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory disease processes [2]. Consequently, in the past few years much effort has focused on developing small molecule inhibitors of the complement system [3].


Despite the fact that PEDOT:PSS has been successfully used in the field of flexible electronics, some of its applications in the domain of rigid conductive coating have been limited by the pricey cost and subpar mechanical properties (hardness, adhesion, and moisture absorption) of the commercially available Clevios™ PH 1000, as well as the poor conductivity, film formation, and mechanical properties of the self-made PEDOT:PSS. In the process of investigating the low-cost preparation of PEDOT-based conductive polymer coatings, we discovered that self-made PEDOT:PSS, a waterborne epoxy resin, and a bio-based epoxy curing agent can be blended uniformly to produce good film-forming conductive coatings. Later, the addition of KH560-modified nano-SiO2 further improved the coating's hardness while ensuring a modest increase in conductivity. Meanwhile, the inadequacies of the epoxy resin, which are not UV-resistant, were considerably improved by the synergistic action of PEDOT:PSS and the modified SiO2. The result is a low-cost method designed for creating conductive coatings that are UV-resistant and may be utilized for electromagnetic, electrothermal, and antistatic shielding applications. Such a PEDOT:PSS/epoxy composite system and its design approach will broaden the scope of PEDOT:PSS's application and will inspire future research in and practical implementations of PEDOT:PSS-based conducting coatings.


Scared Straight The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of adult prisoner presentations on juvenile delinquents. The study involved twenty-four students incarcerated in alow security facility for male adolescents. Two adult male prisoners and a guard from a minimum-security federal prison came to the juvenile correctional facility to talk with the boys. The prisoners spoke about their life leading up to prison and prison life. Of the topics discussed the drug and alcohol use portion of the talk impacted the greatest majority of students (68%). Fifty-five percent of the adolescents believed the presentation would keep them from going to prison. An overwhelming 96% said they would recommend the program to other teenagers in their situation.


Objective To explore the relationship between HLA-A, DRB1 alleles and posthepatitis B-cirrhosis in Shanghai ban's population. Methods HLA-A, DRB1 genotyping were determined in 61 patients with posthepatitis B-cirrhosis and 146 healthy controls by DNA chips. Results The frequency of HLA-A02 and HLA-DRB1*07, HLA_DRB1*08, HLA_DRB1*11 alleles in the posthepatitis B_cirrhosis group were higher than those in the normal group. No different allele frequencies of other alleles were observed between the posthepatitis B_cirrhosis group and the normal control group.Conclusion HLA_A02 and HLA_DRB1*07,HLA_DRB1*08, HLA_DRB1*11 alleles are closely associated with the susceptibility to posthepatitis B_cirrhosis in shanghai ban's population.


The article discusses the issue of the application and improvement of the control system and decision-making when servicing vehicles. For more effective management of the vehicles technical condition, a complex of programs developed at the Department of "Transport" of the PI SFU is proposed. Their use will help to reduce the time spent on decision making, increase the level of reliability and durability of vehicle components, study the patterns of changes in reliability indicators and monitor the effectiveness of decisions made.


The research on the economic differences among different regions is important in the domain of regional economic data of recent years of Shandong Province ,this article calculates several statistical parameters, describe in detail the general characteristics of region economic differences among the cities of Shandong province and We summarize the characteristics and its inner formation mechanism offer the corresponding coutermeasures to harmonize the regional economic discrepancy.


This work assesses if requirements to ensure compliance in effluent charges are met in Brazil, so that the economic incentives associated with the instrument can effectively induce water users to abate pollution. In developing countries, problems in design and implementation of environmental policies are often related to institutional weaknesses that compromise, in particular, the ability to monitor and enforce the policy. In Brazil, it is necessary to substantially raise effluent charges levels so that they can induce pollution abatement and contribute to water quality improvement. This, however, can increase noncompliance levels and overwhelm water resource management agencies, who are currently working near the limits of their technical and operational capabilities. Therefore, simultaneously to gradual increases in charges levels, it is important to promote institutional strengthening, so that regulators are able not only to levy and collect due charges, but also to ensure that self-reported data from pollution sources are consistent with their actual effluent discharges patterns. Key-words: effluent charges; economic incentive instruments; developing countries; institutional weaknesses; monitoring and enforcement.


Since wireless network virtualization enables abstraction and sharing of infrastructure and radio spectrum resources, the overall expenses of wireless network deployment and operation can be reduced significantly. Moreover, wireless network virtualization can provide easier migration to newer products or technologies by isolating part of the network. Despite the potential vision of wireless network virtualization, several significant research challenges remain to be addressed before widespread deployment of wireless network virtualization, including isolation, control signaling, resource discovery and allocation, mobility management, network management and operation, and security as well as non-technical issues such as governance regulations, etc. In this paper, we provide a brief survey on some of the works that have already been done to achieve wireless network virtualization, and discuss some research issues and challenges. We identify several important aspects of wireless network virtualization: overview, motivations, framework, performance metrics, enabling technologies, and challenges. Finally, we explore some broader perspectives in realizing wireless network virtualization.


ABSTRACT Auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) were measured for stimuli presented both by air conduction and by bone conduction. Stimuli included clicks and tone bursts at octave frequencies from 250 to 4000 Hz. ABR thresholds were comparable for air-and boneconducted stimuli. Wave V latencies were longer for boneconducted stimuli compared to similar responses for air conduction. This effect was evident for both clicks and tone bursts. The fact that these latency differences were largely independent of stimulus spectrum suggests that they are not due to differences between the frequency responses of air and bone conduction transducers. This finding is expected when one considers the interaction between output, threshold, and frequency for both transducer types. These data also supgest that there are inherent differences in transmission by air and bone conduction that affect response latency but are unrelated to the amplitude spectrum in the signal.


With the gradual decrease of land resources, people pay more and more attention to the development of marine resources, and the use of marine wave energy has become the focus of people. In this paper, the pipeline parameters and pipeline model of the floating power generation device are set up. The comprehensive simulation of the hydraulic system is established by AMESim software. Under the condition of ensuring the normal results of the simulation model, the simulation model is solved by the solver to obtain the pressure fluctuation in the pipeline. The influence of inner diameter and length of pipeline on pressure fluctuation is analyzed. At the same time, through the feedback of pipeline pressure and the actual situation analysis, the feasible suggestions are given, which has certain reference significance for the design of hydraulic pipeline and provides theoretical support for the actual large wave power generation.


Abstract Chomsky 2013 argues that D of an external argument in Spec TP is in principle as close to C as T is. Assuming that "inversion depends upon locality independent of category," T and D should therefore compete with each other as candidates for raising to C in English questions, yet only T so raises. Chomsky takes this to indicate that the external argument is in its base position, Spec, vP, when C is merged. Our paper argues that this approach cannot generalize to account for why only V+v and not D of an external argument can raise to T in V-v-to-T languages. It also has major difficulties accounting for a well-known asymmetry: T raises to C only in English non-subject questions. We conclude that head-movement is sensitive to categorial and other features of lexical items, contra the claims of Chomsky 2013.


In this paper we look at people looking at photos. The relation between how long a viewer watches a photo and how much the viewer likes that photo is researched. Likewise the relation between the facial expression that the viewer shows while watching and viewer preference is looked at. An experiment where eight participants were shown two sets of photos is conducted. Participants look at the photos at their own pace, then create their preferred ordering per set. A tool is used to classify facial expressions of viewers into emotions. Only the happiness emotion turns out to be detectable reliably. An analysis of the acquired data shows that the time watched doesn't indicate preference, but facial expression does.


Abstract : Contents: Agricultural equipment; Tires; Automation of control; The telephone; Scintillation counters; Antitank guns; Road-building machines; Ship electrical engineering; Hydraulic transmissions; Front aviation repair workshops; Diving equipment; Teaching methods; Noise suppression; Ammunition storage; Floating airstrip; Resources for underwater sabotage; Escort vessel.


An active learning sequence based on the predict–observe–explain teaching strategy is applied to a lesson on buoyant force. The results obtained clearly justify the use of this teaching method and suggest devising a series of activities to enable more effective removal of students' commonly held alternative conceptions regarding floating and sinking.


The notion of "mediation" has profoundly transformed clinical approaches aiming at a change either in knowledge, in the way of being or of behaving. The way to treat narcissistic-borderline adolescents in the long-term in a secure hospital does not escape this notion. Until now, the psychodynamic-analytical approach has been the only one presenting interventions in such context, and this, since many decades. The present article attempts to witness the evolution of the clinical approaches within the Quebec security-hospital milieu, and to translate in E.J. Young's cognitive language part of the clinical work currently done. The active and mediation role of the clinical intervenor (including the psychotherapist) constitutes the guiding line of the gradual transformation of approaches.


The invention discloses a novel reinforced concrete friction damper, which comprises an upper high-intensity reinforced concrete plate and a lower high-intensity reinforced concrete plate in contact with the upper high-intensity reinforced concrete plate, wherein the upper high-intensity reinforced concrete plate is fixed with an upper structure through an upper side plate, the lower high-intensity reinforced concrete plate is fixed with a lower structure through a lower side plate, the bottom of the lower high-intensity reinforced concrete plate is provided with a groove, a round steel gasket is arranged in the groove and is supported through an extrusion spring, a rectangular steel gasket is arranged under the extrusion spring, a regulating screw bolt passes through the rectangular steel gasket, the bottom of the regulating screw bolt is fixedly connected with a base through a fixing screw nut, and a regulating screw nut is arranged at a connecting part of the upper part and the bottom of the rectangular steel gasket and is used for regulating the pressure of the extrusion spring. The novel reinforced concrete friction damper has the advantages that the influence caused by horizontal earthquake effects on the upper structure can be isolated and weakened, the materials can be conveniently obtained, economy and practicability are realized, the process construction is simple, and the service life is long.


In this edition of the Journal an article by Alan Bowd revisits otitis media (OM), a well known scourge of circumpolar children. The three pillars of the epidemiologic triangle (host, agent and environment) contribute to the morbidity associated with this condition.


Studies suggest that generating thought unrelated to the task in hand is accompanied by a reduction of attention to external task-relevant information. This observations led contemporary theory to suggest multiple component processes contribute to patterns of ongoing thought. The present study used EEG to seek support for these component-process accounts by examining the neural correlates of deliberate and spontaneous task unrelated thought. EEG activity was compared prior to reports of ongoing thought during a test of sustained attention. Event-related potentials, such as the P3, were attenuated during off-task states, regardless of whether they were intentional or not. In contrast, increased alpha power and cortical phase-locking were linked to deliberate off-task thoughts, while reductions of evoked sensory response were prevalent in spontaneous off-task episodes. These data suggest off-task thought shares common and distinct neural features that are differentiated through their relationship to intention, supporting component process accounts of ongoing thought.


The goal of all circuit protection devices is to mitigate and minimize collateral damage when a failure occurs to either the source (ac line) or the equipment. The circuit protection device is often given little attention, i.e., until erroneous trips hamper performance or unexpected damage occurs within the equipment. Then, the devices are often reviewed for performance characteristics and operating conditions. To meet this need, various devices have been designed for this purpose, and various standards have been written to provide guidance for the usage of those devices. The focus of this paper will be on the interplay between adjustable-speed drive (ASD) short-circuit current rating and protective device sizing, as well as the scaling of such systems, i.e., if a fuse sized for a 10-A circuit should have the same guidelines as that used for a 1000-A circuit. This paper will review the impact of Underwriters Laboratories 508A and 508C, and the National Electric Code on the ASD protection requirements. This paper evaluates a test setup scheme to measure the fuse performance. The peak current and I2t test results with both test schemes from three protection devices, a time-delay (TD) Class J fuse along with two non-TD Class J and T fuses, are presented and explained. A novel method of comparing the results is offered by viewing the collateral damage associated with a failure. This methodology has a minor impact at low power ratings, but it has major implications with high power ratings, where equipment is often field repairable.


ABSTRACT Preferential solvation parameters of etoricoxib in several aqueous cosolvent mixtures were calculated from solubilities and other thermodynamic properties by using the IKBI method. Cosolvents studied were as follows: 1,4-dioxane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,4-butanediol, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Etoricoxib exhibits solvation effects, being the preferential solvation parameter δx1,3, negative in water-rich and cosolvent-rich mixtures but positive in mixtures with similar proportions of both solvents. It is conjecturable that the hydrophobic hydration in water-rich mixtures plays a relevant role in drug solvation. In mixtures of similar solvent proportions where etoricoxib is preferentially solvated by the cosolvents, the drug could be acting as Lewis acid with the more basic cosolvents. Finally, in cosolvent-rich mixtures the preferential solvation by water could be due to the more acidic behaviour of water. Nevertheless, the specific solute–solvent interactions in the different binary systems remain unclear because no relation between preferential solvation magnitude and cosolvent polarities has been observed.


The article considers problems of uniting contemporary conceptions of knowledge management and human resources management for organisations to achieve maximum competitive advantages in the terms of dynamically developing knowledge economy. Besides, the article covers the notion of intellectual resources that embraces both organisations intellectual capital and its interaction and knowledge exchange with other organisations.


INTRODUCTION Dancing is a way to integrate body, movement, expression thought and feeling making it easier to creative potential, self-perception, communication, and the transformations of the individual and their relations (VALLE, 2008; Barton, 2006; Almeida, 2005). Barreto (2008) points out that dancing expresses one of the greatest pleasures, gestures and movements' man seeks the unspeakable, it is as if the dance was part of the being an action which brings a sense of joy, power, free expression, feeling of inner euphoria and mainly overcoming limits. The dance was born with the Universe itself in the rhythm observation, the fundamental element which dominates the cosmic movement, before the oral language man danced expressing art in everything that had a meaning, with instinctive, natural movements, spontaneous, representative of their experiences, in a ritual form (VERDERI, 2009; Rodrigues, 2002). Considering the dance benefits as a harmonization instrument, selfknowledge and celebration, the ballet dancer Bernhard Wosien in 1960 ran through different countries collecting and rescuing the traditions dance of different peoples, implementing them on a day-to-day Findhorn community in Scotland, as a cultural expression, blooming the movement of the circular dances linked to life, to experience, sensibility and world opening up, added to new creations, choreographies, rhythms and meanings (Wosien, 2006; Costa, 2002; RAMOS , 2002). Sara Marriott, in 1983, comes from Findhorn to Brazil, bringing the circular dance inspiration to the different moments of life such as birth, marriage, planting, rains arrival, the entrance of spring, harvest, dancing in circles connected among each other, holding hands, directed to a common center by following choreographies, without hierarchy or competition, but with cooperative attitudes, overcoming mistakes, expressing the best of each one (BILLARD, 2007; OSTETTO, 2007). To attend the circular dance do not need knowledge, nor specific skills derived from dancing, just being present in the circle, because not only the physical body but also the soul, becomes more joyful, tripping, agile, and flexible (OSTETTO, 2009). Sotero and Ferraz (2009) report that physical education with the dance school should offer challenges motor, cognitive, cultural, linguistic and affective, teachers and students, fulfilling its role of forming more critical and reflective individuals. In Physical Education menu curriculum and instructional sequence of Elementary School of the State Government, the contents and objectives are proposed respecting the development phases, social and gender relations, the possibility of overcoming prejudices, and as of the 6th year circular dances are indicated by the importance of living the greatest possible number of body practices (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 2008). The individual formation occurs in several social instances and one can not overlook the role of physical education, and neither limit its content to sports, because such conduct strengthens the formation of appropriate individual to a competitive and prejudiced society, like this, in Brazil and world the dance is gaining more space, because dance is education through art to be learned, understood, experienced and explored, in an attempt to cause the individual to experience the body in all its dimensions, through the relationship with oneself, with others and the world (LIMA; DINIS, 2007; GARIBA, 2005). According to Sampaio (2002), the interaction between body and mind can be recovered through dance, extremely important element for the purpose of this study correlated the perspectives found between male and female gender, where, often the girl dances and the boy does not dance. The repertoire, so wide and varied has included dances from Greece, Scotland: "Shetland", Romania: "Alunelul" Brazil: "Ciranda" French Brittany: "Circassian Circle" Argentina: "Return to La Paz " and Contemporary: Enas Mythos, Give yourself to Love, Xamã and Don't worry be happy ", and the circles were done in the shape of circles, drawing lines, spirals, meanders in its movement, worked following the criteria of complexity from the easiest to the complex (Valle, 2000). The present study seeking to break with the gender paradigm was justified, since the circle dances does not use any stereotype on its realization at the same time are millenarian activities due to circles, we need everyone to be integrated, independent of gender. The aim of this study was to investigate the students' 8th grade elementary school perspective in two schools from Dourados city-MS, concerning the dances before applying the circular dances circles, and about the circle dances after applying the circles, correlating perspectives found between genders and analyzing the difficulties found.


Abstract Background People with intellectual disabilities (ID) depend on their environment to live healthily. Asset‐based health promotion enhances a settings' health‐promoting capacity starting with identifying protective or promotive factors that sustain health. Method This inclusive mixed‐methods study used group sessions to generate and rank ideas on assets supporting healthy nutrition and physical activity in Dutch intellectual disability care settings. Participants included people with moderate intellectual disabilities and family and care professionals of people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities. Results Fifty‐one participants identified 185 assets in group sessions. They include the following: (i) the social network and ways "people" can support, (ii) assets in/around "places," and person–environment fit, and (iii) "preconditions": health care, prevention, budget, and policy. Conclusion This inclusive research provides a user perspective on assets in the living environment supporting healthy living. This gives insight in contextual factors needed for development and sustainable embedment of health promotion in the systems of intellectual disability support settings.


As one of the most important indexes for describing spatial complexity of urban road networks, radius fractal dimension has been proved to be useful in single-central cities. The method needs to choose a traffic hub as the center of measurement, but if the city has more than one traffic center, it will be difficult to choose a proper center and portray spatial complexity of the whole road network. The modified method proposed in this paper regards all the nodes of a network as centers of measurement and considers the whole effect of traffic centers in a polycentric city, so the modified radius fractal dimension describes the spatial complexity of a road network from an overall perspective and overcomes the problem that the traditional method relies on only one center. The experimental results show the modified radius fractal dimension is reliable, which can describe urban road networks in a new perspective.


Cyclophellitol and its (1R,6S)-, (1R,2S,6S)-, (2S)-diastereoisomers are constructed from quinic acid involving a regioselective cyclic sulfate ring opening reaction, a regiospecific oxidative elimination, and an epoxidation reaction.


Nigeria is largely affected by malaria and transmissions occur all year round. Medicinal plants are used to treat malaria in various regions of the country where access to standard antiplasmodial drugs are not readily available. This study evaluates the histoarchitecture and haematological features in Plasmodium berghei infected wistar rats treated with a herbal cocktail used in some Nigeria communities. Thirty-five Wistar rats weighing an average of 200 g were divided into seven groups consisting of five rats each. The cocktail and aqueous extracts of Mangiferaindica, Carica papaya, and Citrus limonwere orally administered to the infected Wistar rats at doses of 100 mg/kg/day for seven days while the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachtaindica was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. The therapeutic effects of the cocktail and the various extracts against Plasmodium berghei were investigated and the effects on the spleen were histologically assessed, complete blood count was also determined. Result revealed a hopeful significant reduction in the malaria associated splenic pathology of rats administered with the cocktail and extracts of C. papaya. The antiplasmodial features exhibited by these plants justify their usage in the local treatment of malaria.Keywords; Carica papaya,Cocktail, Mangiferaindica,Malaria, Plasmodium berghei, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 10-10-2019 Date of acceptance: 25-10-2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


The invention discloses a GPS (Global Positioning System) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)-based vehicle anti-theft device. The GPS and GSM-based vehicle anti-theft device comprises an SCM (Single Chip Microcomputer) control circuit, a signal detecting circuit, a GSM data transmission circuit, a GPS positioning circuit, a key circuit, a ringing circuit, a relay control circuit and a power supply circuit, wherein the signal detecting circuit is used for sensing a vehicle abnormal signal and sending the vehicle abnormal signal to the SCM control circuit, the SCM control circuit is used for controlling the ringing circuit and the relay control circuit to work according to the received vehicle abnormal signal, the SCM control circuit is in communication with an external communication device through the GSM data transmission circuit after the vehicle abnormal signal is received by the SCM control circuit, a vehicle can be positioned through the GPS positioning circuit, the key circuit is used for supplying an analog sensor signal to the SCM control circuit, and the power supply circuit is used for supplying a power supply to the SCM control circuit. According to the GPS and GSM-based vehicle anti-theft device disclosed by the invention, the vehicle can be monitored at any time and any place and remotely tracked.


Religious practice and attitudes toward an offense situation This article considers issues in university students and is part of a research project that explores the influences over the attitudes a person adopts towards offenders,