In this small-research study, the public spaces of the historical centres of three resorts of the Ivano-Frankivsk region (Yaremche, Tatariv, Vorokhta) were localized, their morphology and existing condition were analyzed, and architectural and town-planning elements were identified. Particular attention is paid to identifying the historically formed structure of spaces, their state of preservation, typology and uniqueness. All structural elements (existing ones and lost ones) were identified with the help of cartographic analysis, iconographic analysis and field surveys. The spatial organization of the researched resort areas represents a linear structure characteristic of mountain valleys. Following the terrain, the urban structure developed along the main road, which was laid along the Prut River. From the second half of the 19th century, this system was supplemented by the Transcarpathian railway. In the process of the field research, in addition to the inventory of discovered architectural objects, several historical spatial structures were localized, mostly neglected or lost today. During the research, two principle urban planning structures of different scales were identified: • the first is traced in the structure of historical public spaces of squares, streets, and promenades; • the second space was formed directly in the surroundings of significant complexes, sanatoriums, and boarding houses. The article examines the first planning structure in more detail. Theoretical models of public spaces for the identified three resorts were developed, in which the typological affinity and the presence of such basic architectural and town-planning elements as historical villa buildings, promenades, resort parks, beaches, etc. were recorded. All basic elements are grouped around one or more communication axes. It was defined that the development of public spaces of resort settlements can be adjusted in accordance with resort and recreation requirements, modern needs of users, taking into account their historical structure with the use of revalorization/revitalization methods.


Liquorice is a plant of old cause ever. Liquorice extracts and its principle segment, glycyrrhizin, have broad use in foods, tobacco and in both herbal medicine and traditional. Subsequently, there is a high level utilization of Liquorice and glycyrrhizin affirmed for use in foods and medicines of different ailments, for example, including against ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and hepatoprotective reactions. Traditional applications crosswise over various societies incorporate as both a demulcent and a mitigating agent to calm respiratory or gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations. Modern botanical uses of the herb include the treatment of gastric ulcers, bronchitis, hack, and dyspepsia. While Liquorice is imperative in these and numerous other home applications, it accompanies a slight yet quantifiable danger of symptoms when utilized overall.


One of the advantages for the varying-coeecient model is to allow the coeecients to vary as smooth functions of other variables and the model can be estimated easily through a simple local maximum likelihood method. This leads a simple one-step estimation procedure. We show that such a one-step method can not be optimal when some coeecient functions possess diierent degrees of smoothness. This drawback can be attenuated by using our proposed two-step estimation approach. The asymptotic normality and mean-squared errors of the two-step method are obtained and it is also shown that the two-step estimation not only achieves the optimal convergent rate but also shares the same optimality as the idea case where the other coeecient function were known. A numerical study is carried out to illustrate the two-step method.


HIV decreases immune control of latent TB infection, greatly increasing the risk of reactivation to active disease. Conversely, TB upregulates HIV expression through several mechanisms, including release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-6. As a result, the natural history of each infection is exacerbated by the other. Whalen showed that patients with HIV who develop TB have higher rates of subsequent disease progression, measured both by decline in CD4 count and rates of opportunistic infections and death. In discussing management options, Whalen presented the results of a recent controlled trial of prednisone in patients with HIV-related TB receiving anti-TB but not antiretroviral therapy. The hypothesis of the study was that treatment with prednisone would reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lessen the impact of TB on HIV disease. Paradoxically, patients receiving prednisone had significantly greater increases in both CD4 count and viral load, but the differences disappeared after the drug was discontinued. Whalen concluded that the most effective means for managing TB during HIV was to treat with antiretrovirals.


In this paper we carry out an investigation of some of the major features of exam timetabling problems with a view to developing a similarity measure. This similarity measure will be used within a casebased reasoning (CBR) system to match a new problem with one from a case-base of previously solved problems. The case base will also store the heuristic or meta-heuristic technique(s) applied most successfully to each problem stored. The technique(s) stored with the matched case will be retrieved and applied to the new case. The CBR assumption in our system is that similar problems can be solved equally well by the same


It is very important for quality improvement of comparative education studies to strengthen the "area studies" of education. The notion of "area" is diverse, ranging from a nation state to regional units like EU and ASEAN. "Area Studies" is characterized as following: analyzing the "area" as a whole, not a divided part of areas: an interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary approach; contemporaneous nature of research agenda; fieldwork based on anthropological approach. As "comparison" as a research method is built in the area studies themselves, it is crucial for advancement of comparative education research to conduct an elaborated "area studies".


Background: Tibial plateau fractures involve the articular surface of the proximal tibia. They account for approximately 1% of adult fractures. A number of articles have been published regarding tibial plateau fracture management. Interestingly excellent results have been published concluding not all fractures of the tibial plateau require surgery and not all displaced intra-articular fractures need to be reduced surgically. In this method we used conservative method to restore normal joint anatomy, joint stability, and functional motion and avoid complications. Methods: This study design is prospective study including forty randomly selected cases of diagnosed tibial plateau fracture presented in Orthopaedic department of tertiary referral centre over 18 months period and treated with conservative method. The patients then were followed up and evaluation of outcome was analyzed as per modified Rasmussen clinical criteria and radiological criteria at six months. Results: In this study, tibial plateau fracture was seen more in patients of age group 31-40 (35%). Mean age being 41.25 years. There were 28 (70%) male and 12 (30%) female. Road traffic accident comprises the majority of cases (75%). Regarding radiological outcome, 41.5% had excellent result, 34.3% had good result, 8.5% had fair result and 15.7% had poor result. 84% had acceptable outcome. The Rasmussen's functional outcome at final follow up was 46% patients had excellent result, 30% had good result, 12% had fair result and 12% had poor result. 88% had acceptable clinical outcome. Conclusions: Conservative management of tibial plateau is still a reliable, inexpensive and alternative treatment option with favourable functional outcome.


【 Abstract 】 Objective : To explore the application and effectiveness of continuous quality improvement in the safety of nursing care in the Rheumatology and Immunology department. Method : From June 2022 to June 2023, 124 patients were selected from the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of our hospital and randomly divided into a control group of 62 cases with routine care and an observation group of 62 cases with routine care and continuous quality improvement. The application effects between the groups were analyzed. Result : The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the nursing quality score was better than that in the control group, with higher satisfaction (P<0.05). Conclusion : The implementation of continuous quality improvement in the Rheumatology and Immunology Department has achieved definite results, which is conducive to reducing the probability of adverse events, improving nursing quality, and increasing satisfaction. It can be implemented.


Abstract Plants in the Arctic and subarctic face the problems posed by herbivory in addition to short growth seasons, low temperatures and low nutrient availability. Herbivores control plant performance by removing biomass, by altering resource availability, by altering the physical environment, and by changing the balance of competition. The main difference between effects of herbivores in the Arctic and at lower latitudes may be the relatively greater importance of changes in resource availability and the physical environment resulting from herbivore activity, and their consequences for plant competitive abilities. Species responses to defoliation depend primarily on growth form. Artificial defoliation of graminoids has negative effects on most species, but in the field total effects of herbivores are often neutral or even positive, resulting in increased nitrogen concentrations in shoots in many species. Shrubs are less able to respond positively to herbivory than graminoids, and although there is some evidence that deciduous shrubs recover faster than evergreen ones, the difference is not great. However, effects of herbivores on shrubs are little studied, despite their importance in the herbivore diet. Responses of individual species to increased nutrient availability vary greatly, even within a growth form. Some graminoids and shrubs show strong positive responses to fertilization while others show little or no response. These species-specific effects suggest that herbivores can alter interspecific relationships through differential responses to fertilization. Herbivores may alter plant population dynamics by altering flower or seed production, by consuming seedlings, or by altering the availability of microsites. However, no study has adequately examined this for any arctic species. Changes in community composition following removal of herbivores are the result not only of selective removal of some plant species, but also of changes in microsite availability, nutrient availability, litter accumulation, and soil characteristics. Thus, the view that abiotic factors are the overwhelming determinants of community structure in low-productivity environments is compatible with the view that herbivores exercise their influence to a large extent by altering abiotic factors. Arctic herbivores often increase total above-ground nitrogen availability (and therefore food quality) in the plant community, but increased productivity as a result of herbivores is rare. The increase in nutrient availability is probably due in part to changes in soil temperature and soil moisture following a reduction in litter accumulation. Although our knowledge of effects of herbivory on individual plants and on communities is extensive, we lack information on effects at the population level. We also do not have an adequate understanding of impacts of herbivores at different spatial and temporal scales, something which is needed to be able to make predictions about longer-term impact of herbivores in these systems.


Abstract : The use of a vocational interest inventory by the military establishment, or by most schools and guidance centers, is seriously limited by the excessive time and labor required in scoring such an instrument. Is it possible to devise scoring methods which will reduce the amount of labor without appreciably reducing the meaning and value of the pattern of vocational interests obtained. The present report examines this problem empirically, using a sample of civilian electricians, and a sample of tradesmen-in-general from seven different occupations. (Author)


Recent developments in the use of digital image processing for automatic event monitoring in road transport and airport surface movement control are reported. The Automatic Road Traffic Event Monitoring Information System (ARTEMIS) addresses several requirements of road traffic management, including: incident detection, road usage monitoring and vehicle identification. Initial results are reported on congestion monitoring in freeway and urban situations using ARTEMIS. The use of closed circuit television (CCT) to automatically identify the registrations of aircraft at London Heathrow airport is also discussed.


The article considers nonparametric estimation of value-at-risk (VaR) and associated standard error estimation for dependent financial returns. Theoretical properties of the kernel VaR estimator are investigated in the context of dependence. The presence of dependence affects the variance of the VaR estimates and has to be taken into consideration in order to obtain adequate assessment of their variation. An estimation procedure of the standard errors is proposed based on kernel estimation of the spectral density of a derived series. The performance of the VaR estimators and the proposed standard error estimation procedure are evaluated by theoretical investigation, simulation of commonly used models for financial returns, and empirical studies on real financial return series.


The patient was a 57-year-old woman who, 2 years prior to admission, had 2 to 3 days of transient episodes of tinnitus in the right ear associated with a gait that veered to the right. The symptoms recurred 1 year and again 3 months before admission, but this time they were accompanied by intermittent right hemifacial spasm, diplopia on right lateral gaze, right ocular pain, and intermittent "shooting" pains in the right forehead. The patient was admitted to another hospital where the following evaluation was made. Skull films with laminograms revealed erosion of the right petrous apex and a soft tissue mass in the sphenoid sinus. Angiography demonstrated that the right carotid artery was circumferentially compressed at the foramen lacerum, and that the right posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries were slightly elevated. She was placed on Decadron. A transnasal biopsy of the sphenoid sinus was undertaken, which showed only normal sinus mucosa; following this, the pain diminished dramatically. The patient's serum cholesterol was noted to have changed from 276 mg% in 1971 to 370 mg% at the time of the biopsy 2 years later. Examination. On admission to the University of Washington Hospital, neurological examination revealed only a right sixth nerve paresis. Complete blood count, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, and VDRL were normal. A pneumoencephalogram combined with upright polytomography showed a mass extending from the petrous apex posteriorly and surrounded by an extremely thin rim of calcium


Some message authentication codes (MACs) are vulnerable to multiple forgery attacks, in which an attacker can gain information that allows her to succeed in forging multiple message/tag pairs. This property was first noted in MACs based on universal hashing, such as the Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) of operation for block ciphers. However, we show that CBC-MAC and HMAC also have this property, and for some parameters are more vulnerable than GCM. We present multiple-forgery attacks against these algorithms, then analyze the security against these attacks by using the expected number of forgeries. We compare the different MACs using this measure. This document is a pre-publication draft manuscript.


A low-cost and highly efficient multiband antenna, operating in the SRD860 (863–870 MHz), 2.4-GHz ISM (2.4–2.4835 GHz) and LTE-7 (2.5–2.69 GHz) frequency standards, is proposed for deployment in smart surfaces. It exploits the electromagnetic shielding of a ridged air-filled cavity with completely metallized sidewalls, to enable extensive integration opportunities. Measurements demonstrate the excellent antenna robustness in several integration scenarios, indicating a great compatibility with a wide range of superstrates, as well as a strong isolation from supporting and surrounding materials.


Low-power consumption and scarce computational resources limit the computation at the edge. Besides, the approximate computing paradigm reports promising techniques for designing accelerators to deal with inherent limitations of the edge, and high-level synthesis with C++ opens the opportunity to use meta-programming for specialisable generic design. This work proposes a framework for automatically generating synthesis-time configurable processing elements (PEs) for matrix multiplication-addition (GEMMA) and convolution. To evaluate our work, we perform a design exploration after varying data bit-width, operand sizes, and kernel sizes. Our analyses include resource consumption scaling, clocks-to-solution, design efficiency, and error distribution, presenting a comprehensive view of how the parameters affect the properties of our generic implementations. The GEMMA presented a trade-off between granularity vs efficiency, where large PEs with short data widths are favoured by the design efficiency, achieving, theoretically, up to 75 GMAC/s on a Xilinx XC7Z020 @ 100 MHz with an efficiency of 27%. For design efficiency, we propose a figure of merit to evaluate operations per second and resource utilisation with respect to the maximum achievable by the FPGA. Regarding the convolution PEs, we implemented two algorithms: a window-based spatial convolution and Winograd. The former is the best in terms of performance with 150 GMAC/s, reaching up to 47% of efficiency. Winograd also outperformed numerically using a 3× 3 kernel filter, presenting a mean error of 11.01% in 4-bits operands with a PSNR=16.28 dB, compared to the spatial convolution with 38.2% of mean error and PSNR=5.89 dB. Finally, we discuss how the error is mostly dependent on the PE's parameters. In the GEMMA, the error depends on the matrix size, causing limitations in the PE scaling but still applicable to accelerators. The PEs developed during this research will lead to further granular approximate accelerator research.


Objective To explore and analyze the clinical value of primary suture in treatment of elderly cholecystolithiasis patients combined with choledocholithiasis.Methods During 2008 to 2012,40 cases were selected and divided into two groups.Control group included 20 cases used T-tube drainage and test group included 20 cases used primary suture.Results The successful rate of two groups had no significant difference(P0.05).The hospital time and incidence of postoperative complications of test group were lower than control group,the difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusion To use primary suture surgery in treatment of elderly cholecystolithiasis patients combined with choledocholithiasis can reduce hospital time and incidence of postoperative complications compared with T-tube drainage.It's safe and reliable so that can be popularizeda in clinical practice.


1. A method of emergency communication, comprising! Emergency device deployed within the structure; ! providing emergency device location information and the location information relates to the location of the emergency unit within the structure; ! transmission of location information between the emergency device and emergency mobile device! and a location information transfer includes the transfer of location information on a mobile device with an emergency alarm device. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the location information transmission includes transmitting location information according to the communication protocol selected from the group consisting of standard ZigBee / IEEE 802.15.4, standard WiFi / IEEE 802.11x wireless communication standard for transmission of data infrared / IrDA communication standard and global positioning sensors. ! 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing location information associated with the mobile emergency device to a remote location via the fire protection system. ! 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising mapping location information associated with the emergency device in the display. ! 5. A method for emergency communication in the fire safety system, comprising:! processing the emergency message received via the wireless communications component, and an alarm message is received from an emergency device deployed within the building automation system; ! generating display data based on location information contained in the received alarm message; and! displays data transfer


Bipolar pulsed discharges were investigated in columns containing glass spheres and water, and with air bubbling through, using a coaxial electrode configuration. The effect of sphere size on the discharge characteristics was studied, and results showed that the diameter of the glass spheres had a significant effect on the electrical discharges in the three-phase mixture. As the sphere size increased from 2 to 12 mm, no significant changes occurred in the peak voltage and rise time of the load voltage, but a clear maximum in the tail voltage, and a minimum in the injected power per pulse, occurred in the sphere diameter range from 5 to 8 mm. The greatest electric field in the interstices between the spheres, and the rate at which a dye could be removed from the water, both exhibited a maximum in the sphere diameter range from 5 to 8 mm.


Coccidiosis control programs such as vaccines or in-feed anticoccidials are commonly practiced in the poultry industry to improve growth performance and health of commercial broiler chickens. In this study, we assessed the effects of various coccidiosis control programs (e.g., in ovo vaccination, synthetic chemicals, and antibiotic ionophores) on immune status of broiler chickens vaccinated against infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus (ND) and raised on an Eimeriacontaminated used litter. In general, the levels of α-1-acid glycoprotein, an acute phase protein, were altered by the treatments when measured at 34 days of age. Splenocyte subpopulations and serum antibody titers against ND were altered by various coccidiosis control programs. In-ovo-vaccinated chickens exhibited highest mitogenic response when their spleen cells were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) at 7 days of age. It is clear from this study that the type of coccidiosis control program influenced various aspects of innate and adaptive immune parameters of broiler chickens. Further studies will be necessary to delineate the underlying relationship between the type of coccidiosis control program and host immune system and to understand the role of other external environmental factors such as gut microbiota on host-pathogen interaction in various disease control programs.


Name of the Sequence. Red seabream β-actin cDNA. Genus and Species. Pagrus major. Origin of Clone. Total RNA was isolated from ovary of red seabream. Poly(A)+ RNA was purified using an Oligotex-dT30 (Super) mRNA purification kit (Takara, Japan). Double-stranded complementary DNA synthesis was carried out using a TimeSaver cDNA synthesis kit (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden). The cDNA library was constructed with a Lamda gt10/EcoRI/ CIAP-treated vector (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA). To target β-actin cDNA from red seabream, primers for PCR were synthesized referring to DNA nucleotide sequences reported for medaka β-actin (Takagiri et al., 1997). The PCR primers used to screen the red seabream ovary cDNA library were ACTACCTCATGAAG ATCCTG for the forward primer and TTGCTGATCCA CATCTGCTG for the reverse primer. Reverse transcriptase-PCR amplified a 517-bp band from red seabream cDNA synthesized from the ovary RNA. The PCR product as a probe was labeled with [α-32P]dCTP (Oligolabelling kit, Pharmacia Biotech) to screen the cDNA. The positive clones containing the insert were digested with Sau3AI, SacI, and ScaI and then subcloned into pBlue Script SK+. Both strands were sequenced with an ALFexpress DNA Sequencer System (Pharmacia Biotech). Comparison with Related Sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence of red seabream β-actin showed 96.3% identity to both human (Ponte et al., 1984) and medaka (Takagiri et al., 1997) and 95.7% identity to gilthead seabream β-actin (Santos et al., 1997).


To analyze nonlinear dynamic systems, we developed a new technique based on the square matrix method. We propose this technique called the \convergence map"for generating particle stability diagrams similar to the frequency maps widely used in accelerator physics to estimate dynamic aperture. The convergence map provides similar information as the frequency map but in a much shorter computing time. The dynamic equation can be rewritten in terms of action-angle variables provided by the square matrix derived from the accelerator lattice. The convergence map is obtained by solving the exact nonlinear equation iteratively by the perturbation method using Fourier transform and studying convergence. When the iteration is convergent, the solution is expressed as a quasi-periodic analytical function as a highly accurate approximation, and hence the motion is stable. The border of stable motion determines the dynamical aperture. As an example, we applied the new method to the nonlinear optimization of the NSLS-II storage ring and demonstrated a dynamic aperture comparable to or larger than the nominal one obtained by particle tracking. The computation speed of the convergence map is 30 to 300 times faster than the speed of the particle tracking, depending on the size of the ring lattice (number of superperiods). The computation speed ratio is larger for complex lattices with low symmetry, such as particle colliders.


Aims:  To compare the genotypes of Campylobacter coli obtained from the rectal and ileal samples of pigs at the time of slaughter.


Importance
Patient access to electronic health information (EHI) available via online medical records and through patient portals has been shown to help individuals make informed health decisions, which are associated with better health outcomes.

Objective
To assess progress in patient engagement with EHI and to identify racial or ethnic disparities in access to patient portals.

Design, Setting, and Participants
This was a repeated cross-sectional study using data from the US Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a nationally representative survey of US adults that tracks individuals' access and use of their health information. Six cycles of HINTS were included (2014, 2017-2020, 2022); data for the disparities analysis came from the 2022 HINTS. Data analyses were performed in April 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures
Patient reports of (1) being offered portal access by a health care provider (HCP); (2) being encouraged by the HCP to use the portal; (3) accessing their portal; and (4) using the portal for various purposes. Additional key measures included methods used to access portals and self-reported ease of understanding information contained in the online medical records or portals.

Results
The total study population included 22 266 individuals (mean [SE] age, 49.9 [0.15] years) of whom 13 348 (54%) were female; 909 (5%) self-identified as Asian, 3523 (12%) as Black, 3178 (14%) as Hispanic, 13 555 (66%) as White, and 785 (3%) as another or more than 1 race. Nationally, patient portal access increased each year from 2014 through 2022, with a 46% increase observed between 2020 (n = 3319) and 2022 (n = 5437). However, in 2022, Black and Hispanic individuals reported being offered access to a portal by their HCP at significantly lower rates compared with White individuals (73% vs 81%; χ21 = 22.24; P < .001; and 62% vs 81%; χ21 = 135.57; P < .001, respectively) as well as accessing a patient portal at lower rates (60% vs 70%; χ21 = 23.80; P < .001; and 57% vs 70%; χ21 = 49.02; P < .001, respectively).

Conclusions and Relevance
The findings of this repeated cross-sectional study of US adult respondents to the HINTS suggest that access to and engagement with patient portals increased significantly from 2014 through 2022, but racial and ethnic disparities in patient access persisted in 2022. However, there were no significant differences in use or understanding of information available in the online medical records among those who accessed them, which suggests that efforts to promote equitable opportunities to access EHI would likely be associated with increased patient access.


The hybrid energy storage system (HESS), which is composed of battery and ultracapacitor, is established to enhance the performance of an electric vehicle (EV). Moreover, several studies highlight the gains of split the traction power demand among electric motors (EMs) with different characteristics and drivetrain configurations, allowing these to operate at higher efficiency. In this paper, we unite the advantages of the multi EM drive train with the HESS power split and propose a novel two HESS system, in which each HESS is in charge of one of the drivetrain configurations (front and rear system). The EV is driven by two in-wheel EM at the front wheels and a single EM assembled with a differential transmission that moves the rear wheels. In this paper, a multiobjective optimization, based on a genetic algorithm (GA), is formulated to minimize the HESS sizing and maximize the driving range of the vehicle. Also employing the fuzzy control, this strategy is responsible to split the power between the front and rear wheels systems in a more reasonable way to satisfy the demands of better performance. The complete strategy has been developed under the FTP-75 (urban), HWFET (highway) and the US06 (high speed and required acceleration) driving cycles using the MATLAB/Simulink software environment. As compared to a similar EV with a single HESS system, the proposed dual-HESS configuration was able to improve the driving range in 145.15 km also decreasing 23.93% of the HESS mass.


Australia has long managed to pay pharmaceutical manufacturers substantially less for their products than other developed nations. Figure 7.1, based on data from the late 1970s, shows Australia paying prices substantially lower than those of ten comparison countries.2 The average U.S. payment was 225 percent of the Australian average. In 1986-1987, the average global price of the eighty largest-selling drugs was 82 percent higher than that paid in Australia.3 This pattern was remarkably consistent across drugs: about 90 percent had world average prices greater than the Australian price. Today, in most instances, Australian prices for patented medicines continue to be low relative to those of other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Unlike most other developed countries, Australia does not regulate its drug prices directly. Any drug that meets Australian safety and efficacy standards can be marketed, and standards are administered without attention to the price of the drug.5 Indeed, the prevailing legal view is that the Australian federal government lacks the constitutional power to regulate prices directly. Australia's success does not depend on substantial purchases; the country represents only a small share of the world pharmaceutical market. How then has Australia managed to pay such low prices for its drugs?6


This article attempts an updated, exhaustive definition of the now fashionable, as well as deceptive, idea of the Digital Humanities by outlining a short history of the discipline and providing examples of its methods and results. Far from being an instrument subservient to traditional humanist knowledge, the Digital Humanities are now a fully-fledged, independent science that is strongly rooted in empirical data. This article highlights the application, and the potential, of the Digital Humanities in relation to the analysis of single texts as well as of broad textual corpora, and highlights how the Digital Humanities could radically transform the field, and the practices, of literary studies.


Temperature, oxygen and soluble manganese concentrations were measured at various depths in Lake Mendota, a eutrophic lake in southern Wisconsin. Lake Mendota was found to have elevated levels of soluble manganese in the oxic portion of the water column as was seen in previous studies in Lake Vanda, an antarctic lake. Some microbes are able to reduce particulate manganese oxides to soluble manganese. Manganese-reducing microbes isolated from Lake Vanda's oxic zone were unexpectedly found to belong to the genus Carnobacteria. We have seventeen manganese reducing isolates from the oxic portion of Lake Mendota where soluble manganese was present. Additional characterization is underway. In an attempt to look for evidence of Carnobacteria, a 16S ribosomal RNA-based oligonucleotide probe specific to the genus Carnobacteria was developed. This probe was used as a primer for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies with nucleic acid from our 17 isolates. Preliminary results indicate that four of these isolates may be Carnobacteria.


The front-end phase of the innovation process constitutes up to two-thirds of the total cost of new product development (NPD). In response to the new open innovation paradigm, new ways to integrate customers' knowledge into the innovation front-end must be explored. In an attempt to learn from analogous situations in which the interface between developers and customers has been managed successfully, this article analyses the Extreme Programming (XP) approach of software engineering. Through its iterative but disciplined probe-and-learn cycles, the approach helps companies effectively develop advanced products with the help of their customers. Using case studies from interviews with R&D directors of 20 technology-intensive companies, the applicability of successful practices from XP to traditional NPD is analysed. The authors identify four determinants for front-end management that reside between creativity and resource efficiency. These determinants dictate the potential for front-end effectiveness improvement and enable the maximum amount of knowledge generation and absorption from the customer.


Background: There is significant variation in the treatment of combined truncalvein reflux and symptomatic varicosities. We sought to use the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) Varicose Vein Registry (VVR) to explore the contemporary realworld experience of combined ablation and phlebectomy versus ablation alone. Methods: Using the VQI/VVR database, patients undergoing combined ablation and phlebectomy and ablation alone were identified between January 2015 and December 2018. Using propensity-score matching on age; gender; race; history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT); previous venous surgery; anticoagulation therapy; pre-op clinical, etiology, anatomy and pathophysiology (CEAP) classification; truncal-vein location; and surgical setting, patients undergoing combined treatment were matched with those undergoing truncal ablation alone. Univariate descriptive statistics of demographic and procedural data were performed before and after matching. Change in venous clinical severity score (VCSS), patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and complications were compared between groups after matching using logistic regression, and average treatment effects were reported. Results: 10 952 patients were identified on initial query of VQI/VVR, including 5979 patients who underwent combined ablation and phlebectomy and 4973 patients who underwent ablation alone. After matching, the cohort included 3348 combined-treatment patients and 3309 ablationonly patients. There were minimal differences in demographics or preoperative characteristics after matching. After matching, there were significantly greater improvements in both the VCSS (1.6 points greater improvement) and PROs for those receiving combined ablation and phlebectomy than with ablation alone. Systemic complications were rare. After matching, there were statistically higher rates of hematoma (0.9%) and paresthesias (2.1%) for combined treatment than with ablation alone. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of DVT, bleeding, blistering, pigmentation, phlebitis, ulcer formation, wound infection, or endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT). Conclusions: Patients frequently undergo combined treatment of truncal reflux and varicosities. Combined treatment is associated with a significantly higher improvement in VCSS and PROs than ablation alone, even after matching for preoperative disease severity and risk factors. Combined procedures are associated with a slightly higher risk of post-op hematoma and paresthesias. These results suggest that combined treatment of reflux and varicosities may result in higher treatment satisfaction with minimal increased risk to patients than ablation alone. Combination therapy in the treatment of varices Nicholas H. OSBORNE Phlebolymphology


In this study, the vertical variation of the ammonia-oxidizing archaeal (AOA) in the soil of Qixing River wetland, a typical marsh wetland in the cold temperate zone in the northeast China, were investigated. The soil samples were collected under two typical vegetation conditions, Reed (Phragmites australis) and Lobular Camphor (Deyeuxia langsdorffii ( Link) Kunth) . The clone libraries were built based on the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products of the AOA amoA gene. The effect of the environmental factors on the AOA community was analyzed with Bioinformatics methods. The result showed the diversity of the AOA amoA gene is higher under the lobular camphor condition than the reed condition. Under the reed condition, the highest AOA amoA gene diversity presented in the depth of 40~60 cm and was significantly positively correlated with NH4 ⁃N and NO3 ⁃N. However, under the Lobular camphor condition, the highest diversity presented in the depth of 20~40 cm and was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of NH4 ⁃N, NO3 ⁃N and TOC. However, the variation tendencies of the AOA amoA gene abundance were quite different between the samples of different vegetation. Under the reed condition, the lowest and highest abundance of AOA amoA gene presented in the depths of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm, respectively, whereas the lowest and highest AOA amoA gene abundance appeared in the depths of 40~60 cm and 0~20 cm, respectively, under the Lobular camphor condition. The AOA abundance decreased as the depth increasing and had an increasing trend in the 60~90 cm soil under both 环 境 科 学 学 报 35 卷 conditions. The abundance of AOA amoA gene was significantly positively correlated with NO2 ⁃N under the reed condition and with TOC and NO2 ⁃N under the Lobular camphor condition. The average ratio of the AOA amoA gene copy number under the reed condition to the lobular camphor condition was 1.49. This study provided basic data for AOA distribution patterns and ecological functions in the wetland and filled the gap in the research of global nitrogen cycle.


ABSTRACT:Lately, the study of human rights has become a dangerous ground for historians—above all in Europe. In his celebrated Le Sottisier, Gustave Flaubert ironically defined history as a dangerous knowledge for teachers and students; yet, he was not fully aware in his time of all the rivalries and pretentions that scholars from other fields—like anthropology, law, sociology, political theory—would raise. In fact, those scholars seem to be frightened when seeing the ranks of the historians approaching a field they consider their own property. This is certainly the case of human rights.


say that intimate acquaintance and regular use only served to make everyone more enthusiastic about them. References. 1 Surgery, Gynaeeolouy and Obstetrics, April, 1916. 2 HuH, "War Surgery:' • H. Russel, Tile Medical Journal of Australia, August 12, 1916. • Robert Jones, British Medical Joumcl, January 16, 1916. • Hey Groves, "Modern Methods of Treating Fractures:' • Max Page, British Medical Journal, July 31, 1915. , British Journal of Surgery, January, 1915.


Computers that are able to collaboratively improvise movement with humans could have an impact on a variety of application domains, ranging from improving procedural animation in game environments to fostering human-computer co-creativity. Enabling real-time movement improvisation requires equipping computers with strategies for learning and understanding movement. Most existing research focuses on gesture classification, which does not facilitate the learning of new gestures, thereby limiting the creative capacity of computers. In this paper, we explore how to develop a gesture clustering pipeline that facilitates reasoning about arbitrary novel movements in real-time. We describe the implementation of this pipeline within the context of LuminAI, a system in which humans can collaboratively improvise movements together with an AI agent. A preliminary evaluation indicates that our pipeline is capable of efficiently clustering similar gestures together, but further work is necessary to fully assess the pipeline's ability to meaningfully cluster complex movements.


The rise of the humanitarian narrative in relation to modern slavery has enabled corporations to profit from large-scale human exploitation with public consensus. Nation-states have legislated on modern slavery on the premise of protection, which has led to the entities involved evading or being exempt from responsibility for such practices by working with their suppliers to combat such practices despite evidence that their supply chains are linked to, or create further, vulnerability for workers. Other third parties praise such mechanism as transparent, reinforcing a moral consensus that is proving difficult to critique. By using the case study of the manufacture and import to Australia of medical gloves, this article unveils the perverseness of the moral, benevolent state-corporation narrative.


There exist very complex sets that contain interior points and that are irreducible under thinning. The authors investigate the structure of such irreducible sets. It is shown that irreducible sets containing interior points have essentially the structure of a counterexample given by C. Arcelli (1981). Finally the question is raised of under which conditions irreducible sets that have a large kernel of interior points are not possible. It turns out that a very simple condition will suffice.<<ETX>>


Recent studies contribute to an analysis of microRNAs' roles in health and disease and their potential involvement as biomarkers in physiological and pathophysiological processes, including initiation and development of cancer. Encoded with pseudogene, MiR-492 plays a crucial role in particular cells and over-expression in tissue. It has been proposed as a biomarker to manage and diagnose certain cancers, including breast, colorectal, cervical, hepatocellular, retinoblastoma and pancreas cancer, in the early stages. The purpose of this analysis was to summarise MiR-492 evidence to diagnose and treat certain types of similar cancers early.
How to cite this article: Rani P, Raj S, Singh P et al. MiR-492: A Potent Oncological Biomarker. Int J Adv Res Pharm Edu 2020; 2(2): 24-29.


Abstract : Secondary emission ratio (delta) as a function of primary energy was measured for several compositions of Ba-Ca-Al2O3-impregnated tungsten cathodes, several compositions of Ni cermet cathodes, type 2b semiconducting diamond, and 1000 A Mo-Al2O3 films on a Mo substrate in its dependence on substrate temp. during deposition, proportion of Mo in the film, and post-deposition heat treatment temp. The maximum delta for these 4 candidates were 4.4, 6.4, 2.4 and 4.5 respectively. The substrate temp during deposition was the most significant. Delta max varied from 3.5 to 1.8 as the deposition temp. was changed from 600 to 1100 C in 100 C steps. Observations of secondary emission life in the electron bombardment test vehicle are reported for 1000A and 100A Mo-Al2O3 films under dc bombardment conditions of 1 a/sqcm at 1.2 kv. The 1000A film persisted without deterioration for more than 20 hours. The ion bombardment test vehicle for evaluating sputtering erosion of candidate materials has been operated successfully. Mo-Al2O3 film resistivities in the range 1000 - 1,000,000 ohm-cm and dielectric constants in the range 10-500 were observed. Crossed-field amplifier evaluation of a polished Pt cathode, an aloxite-roughened Pt cathode, and a 1000A Mo-Al2O3 film cathode were made.


Sand productions are inclusive of various types of major key challenges for gas and oil productions as the sand managements are rapidly growing in becoming significant to manage wells of high rates. Since approximately 70% of gas as well oil reserves around the globe are sand formations Sand production is an unavoidable by-product in oil and gas industry as 70% gas and oil reserves of the world oil are sand formation. Transportation of the particles from the wellbore to the surface will cause the damage to the amenities and tools. Wells producing gas and oils can potentially fail because of the erosion of the major solid particles. It can be illustrated through an example like producing wells having considerable amount of production of sand might affect negatively over the fitting and components of the pipeline, well tubing as well as the equipment used for the production. Thus can cause highly priced potential ecofriendly damages, equipment loss and downtime production. The current study provides outcomes gathered through examining and analyzing various factors for determining the severities and amount of the erosion of sand over the pipe bend. To solve the phenomena of the flow of the fluid, this study has used CFD. To design the pipe's elbow, CATIA-V5 is brought in use and meshing is done with the help of the ANSYS. Different cases will be studied here by varying the percentage of water and EG with respect to sand particle size 160m and 370m. Erosion rate, Skin friction Coefficient and Swirl velocity are the three major effects which will be studied further. Through the observation of the study, it can be said that material's character and flow velocity are the predominant factors which might affect the rate of sand erosion within the pipelines. The observation is made over every factor and is also analyzed.


A study of the quantum efficiency of the luminescence of gadolinium and terbium in borate glasses and of the energy transfer between these ions is presented. From our measurements of fluorescence decay times, absorption, fluorescence, and excitation spectra, we calculated the fluorescence quantum yield of the 6P7/2 gadolinium and the 5D4 terbium levels on excitation to higher gadolinium and terbium levels, respectively. The energy transfer rates between gadolinium and terbium in borate glasses were calculated on the basis of the above measurements. These measurements were performed for gadolinium and terbium concentrations ranging from 0 to 4 wt%. Our results show that the energy transfer occurs mainly between the 6P7/2 gadolinium level and (5D0, 5H7) terbium levels and is due to a dipole‐dipole interaction. It is concluded that the energy transfer between gadolinium and terbium is a phonon assisted process.


The present study concerns a comparative sociolinguistic study of similarities and differences between tombstones inscription of two Islamic sects Shiite and Sunni in two Afghanistan province Bamyan and Badghis. This investigation descriptive-analytical study based on studying 400 headstones writing of the commoners, half of which belong to Sunni and remain belong to the Shiite. The research finding indicate that the Shiite inscription transfer merely report, replete whit sect signals, most of them devoid of any hint regarding the deceased person social status and governmental position. In this regard the Shiite inscriptions make just a reminiscent of former classic and heritage-based sect evidence. In contrast the Sunni gravestones imply grief and praise of the dependent of the deceased, all indicative of their profound sorrow for their loved ones. Here, the deceased sect traces are fainted by far compared with the former category although not entirely without any such hint. The identity of Shiite women are independent however the Sunni women in more case depend on their husband which reflect the openness and closeness of their society.


Multi-carrier modulation receivers are susceptible to performance degradation due to intersymbol and intercarrier interference. We present a scheme that modifies the conventional single-tap frequency-domain equalizer into a multi-tap equalizer that can be used to cancel both intersymbol and intercarrier interference while preserving the function of the channel equalization. We demonstrate a method to obtain the optimal coefficients that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio for each tone. The proposed scheme can be incorporated straightforwardly into conventional multi-carrier modulation receivers, while offering flexibility to allow tradeoff between performance and computation cost


In CF model,the nondeterminacy combination formula of conclusion demands independent evidence,but it is usually found that some evidences are dependent on each other in the development of expert system.To improve the formula,this paper starts with the definition of the relevance of evidence,followed by introducing the relevance factor to the original combination formula.The comparison of the improved formula with the original one shows that the improved formula is effective,improving the application quality of the expert system.


Horse‐chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella) causes 2 types of leaf damage: (1) reduced photosynthetic area, (2) reduced ornamental value of the plants. The pest does not cause tree death. Thus it is not necessary to used rastic methods of its control. We suggest here a system of integrated control of horse‐chestnut leaf miner, aimed to reduce its abundance without the use of chemical methods. This system is mostly based on results of Polish research. We present and describe a diagram of factors involved in implementation of the integrated control of horse‐chestnut leaf miner on horse‐chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). Special attention is paid to the role of agrotechnical practices, which improve tree health.


Judith MacPhail, a nurse examiner at the Toronto-Bayview Regional Cancer Centre, Preventive Oncology Program, is currently enrolled in the community health-health administration specialization program as she pursues a master's degree in health science at the University of Toronto. She is married to Dr. Kenneth Siren, whose practice is described in this paper. reeling from the domino effect of economic and political forces, advances in technology and changing approaches to service delivery that continue to influence hospital restructuring across the country. The cost of supplies, equipment, office space and staff salaries continues to rise, while the number of services paid for by government is reduced. As rising health care costs force governments across Canada to tighten their fiscal belts, physicians are forced to follow their lead by controlling their own costs. One way to do this is to downsize the practice. I am going to describe how one physician did this by moving from a group to a solo fee-forservice practice setting, and restructuring his office procedures in the process. What makes his system unusual is that he now provides coverage at all hours, unless he is on vacation or sick. He employs no ancillary staff, no


Our aim is to develop a local consensus to guide medical practitioners and psychiatrists on the use of milnacipran in different psychiatric conditions.


Ice shelves regulate the ice‐ocean boundary by buttressing the flux of grounded ice into the ocean and are vulnerable to basal melt, which can lead to ice‐shelf thinning and loss of buttressing. Localized, enhanced basal melt can form basal channels, which may impact ice‐shelf stability. Here we investigate the evolution of the Getz Ice Shelf Basal Channel (GISBC) in West Antarctica using a novel suite of geophysical data, including Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) digital elevation models, ICESat‐1 and ‐2 altimetry, Operation IceBridge altimetry and radar, and InSAR‐derived ice flow velocities. We describe basal‐channel and ice‐shelf change in both Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks and document changes in the channel's shape and its lateral motion and estimate basal melting. We find a high degree of spatial and temporal variability in GISBC evolution, with several locations of active basal incision. Incision occurs at rates of up to 22 m a−1 at the head of the channel, which is extending toward the grounding line at a rate of ~1 km a−1. Freeboard heights over areas of rapid basal incision are out of hydrostatic equilibrium. The GISBC is also migrating to the northwest, perpendicular to the northeasterly ice flow direction, at an average rate of 70–80 m a−1. The spatiotemporal variability of evolution of the GISBC motivates further characterization of basal channels and their impact on ice‐shelf stability, so that these effects may more readily be incorporated in ice‐ocean models predicting ice flow and sea‐level rise.


Service Oriented Computing (SOC) allows programmers to build distributed applications by putting together (i.e., orchestrating) existing services exported by remote providers. The main source of complexity in building such kind of orchestrations is the need for anticipating and explicitly handling (i.e., programming ad-hoc countermeasures) possible changes in the external environment that may affect them, like faults invoking services removed by their providers.
 To ease the job of programmers we developed DSOL, an innovative infrastructure supporting design and execution of service orchestrations. It combines a declarative approach to model the orchestration with planning mechanisms to actually run it. In this paper we focus on the mechanisms provided by DSOL and its associated execution engine to deal with changes that may happen at runtime. In particular, we show how the declarative nature, the modularity, and the dynamism inherent in the DSOL approach allows changes to be easily managed, both those that were forecasted at design time and those that require the workflow to be changed while the orchestration is running.


Whether you are dealing with computers or dealing with life, numbers matter—and you need some level of numeracy to deal with numbers effectively. Numeracy, or numerical literacy, does not mean remembering all your college calculus or being able to define every statistical term from memory. It does mean understanding basic concepts, being able to do on‐the‐spot approximations, and learning how to spot likely errors and deliberate distortions. While you need numeracy to work with personal computers and their output, you need it more in everyday life and library work. Common‐sense mathematical understanding is critical in these times of hype and suspect numbers.


The bursting transition to a knowledge-based economy poses unexpected challenges to global education systems. On one hand, the uneven development of technology allows some or other world regions to gain a major technological advantage and occupy market niches in the field of online education and training, but on the other hand, the rapid multiplication of these same technologies creates new global competition, which undeniably escalates with the time. Education systems around the world are undergoing a qualitatively new kind of transformation, linked to the possibility of being both regionally challenged and globally accessible, and the tendencies of globalization come in direct clash with the cultural identity of nations and individuals in a purely digital dimension. The article explores the opportunities for online education in literature and philosophy with the tools of the most advanced distance learning platforms, defending the thesis that online teaching of humanities acts as a natural "antioxidant" to the ever more technologically and unifying global educational ecosystem. We face one of the most serious challenges in today's world, namely replacing the centuries-old copy-paste models of the "traditional" education with an externally attractive but frightening unifying model of the modern digital culture that threatens to smash differences and to crush the diversity of philosophies, semantics, notion and worldview characteristic of different peoples and nations. The key role of online education in humanities, in particular literature and philosophy, for the promotion of the cultural identity, the specific way of thinking and the construction of kind of "digital bridges" between the different regions, ethnic groups and social communities has been explored.


The invention provides a light-emitting-diode down lamp which comprises a light emitting diode, a reflection cup, a driving circuit, a lampshade, a first spring fixing piece, a second spring fixing piece, a first spring and a second spring. The reflection cup comprises a first arc-shaped reflection piece with one end close to one side of the light emitting diode, a second arc-shaped reflection piece with one end close to the first arc-shaped reflection piece on the other side opposite to the light emitting diode, and a top reflection piece covered at the tops of the first arc-shaped reflection piece and the second arc-shaped reflection piece, the driving circuit is sued for driving the light emitting diode, the lampshade supports the driving circuit and the reflection cup, the first spring fixing piece is arranged at one end of the lampshade and used for compressing the other end of the first arc-shaped reflection piece, the second spring fixing piece is arranged at the other end of the lampshade and used for compressing the other end of the second arc-shaped reflection piece, the first spring is arranged on the first spring fixing piece and used for mounting during application of the lamp, and the second spring is arranged on the second spring fixing piece and used for mounting during application of the lamp.


Objective: Fragility fractures (fractures) are a critical outcome for persons aging with HIV (PAH). Research suggests that the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) only modestly estimates fracture risk among PAH. We provide an updated evaluation of how well a 'modified FRAX' identifies PAH at risk for fractures in a contemporary HIV cohort. Design: Cohort study. Methods: We used data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study to evaluate veterans living with HIV, aged 50+ years, for the occurrence of fractures from 1 January 2010 through 31 December 2019. Data from 2009 were used to evaluate the eight FRAX predictors available to us: age, sex, BMI, history of previous fracture, glucocorticoid use, rheumatoid arthritis, alcohol use, and smoking status. These predictor values were then used to estimate participant risk for each of two types of fractures (major osteoporotic and hip) over the subsequent 10 years in strata defined by race/ethnicity using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Discrimination for major osteoporotic fracture was modest [Blacks: area under the curve (AUC) 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62, 0.63; Whites: AUC 0.61; 95% CI 0.60, 0.61; Hispanic: AUC 0.63; 95% CI 0.62, 0.65]. For hip fractures, discrimination was modest to good (Blacks: AUC 0.70; 95% CI 0.69, 0.71; Whites: AUC 0.68; 95% CI 0.67, 0.69]. Calibration was good in all models across all racial/ethnic groups. Conclusion: Our 'modified FRAX' exhibited modest discrimination for predicting major osteoporotic fracture and slightly better discrimination for hip fracture. Future studies should explore whether augmentation of this subset of FRAX predictors results in enhanced prediction of fractures among PAH.


It is revealed by the finite difference time domain simulation that a cross aperture antenna can create a localized circularly polarized light, 10 nm in diameter, on the surface of a recording medium. The confined circularly polarized light on the surface, however, expands in the recording layer. We eventually find that the newly proposed modified cross aperture in combination with particle medium leads to confinement of a circularly polarized light in the particle. This proposed combination of a surface plasmon antenna/aperture and recording particles is one of the strategies to achieve high speed and high density for all-optical magnetic recording.


The thesis deals with the assessment of ergonomic risks in the position of receptionist. The theoretical part is focused on ergonomics, ergonomic knowledge and working environment. The practical part of this work is devoted to the evaluation of ergonomic risks of individual workers in the examined work position. On the identified risks are recommended proposals and measures convenient for reduction or elimination of risks.


Aim to develop a mathematical model for the prognosis of ischemic stroke outcome in the acute period of the disease.
Material and methods. The study included 103 patients with ischemic stroke in the carotid basin with existing hemiparesis. The comprehensive examination comprised clinical and anamnestic data, state assessment using clinical scales, brain computed tomography, ultrasound, transcranial magnetic stimulation, evoked potential tests, laboratory blood tests. The patients were examined at admission, at discharge and in 12-24 months after leaving hospital. According to the motor function recovery, the patients were divided into two groups with favorable and unfavorable outcome. Statistical methods identified the significantly different results in the two groups.
Results. The most significant indicators affecting the prognosis of ischemic stroke were identified.The developed criteria served the basis for a mathematical model using the results of transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Conclusion. The obtained mathematical model can be used to determine the outcome of ischemic stroke in the acute period. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a method that allows for prognosis of the outcome in early period of stroke.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the altmetrics of academic papers highly cited in the social sciences and to assess whether the altmetrics show any correlation with the citations and open access status. To accomplish this goal, 638 highly cited articles from SCOPUS were extracted and PlumX metrics were used to measure the altmetrics (views, readers, blogs, Wikis, and Tweets). Then, the relationship among altmetrics, citation rates, and open access status was analyzed through Spearman correlation analysis and the Mann–Whitney test. In addition, with corresponding analysis, this study identified and visualized the differences in altmetrics between 10 social science sub-disciplines. As a result, the papers in the social sciences have greater than one altmetrics presence in greater than 30% of all altmetrics sources. In detail, greater than 90% of the papers had one or more readers in Mendeley, and 50% of the papers had one or more references in Wiki. There was also a strong correlation between the numbers of citations and readers, and open access papers showed a higher altmetrics presence than those that were closed. In terms of differences between disciplines, many psychology articles were registered as a reference on Wiki; many articles in the fields of humanity, society, and politics were drawn to popular discussions through Tweets; and the education field had the highest number of Mendeley readers. This study traced the social influence of highly cited papers in the social sciences that had not been understood before and then statistically interpreted the differences in social impact among the 10 social science disciplines.


Online trust is important in both business-to-business and business-to-consumer e-business. This paper focuses on the impact of trust in online retailing (e-tailing). Based on a review of selected studies, we articulate a conceptual framework of trust in e-tailing including its antecedents, and consequences, and propose some promising future research avenues in online trust. This paper will help e-tailers better understand the online trust, thereby enabling them to build more trustworthy Web sites. Keyword E-tailing, Marketing, Review, Trust*


This empirical work has as its major objective, the exposition of the factors hindering the effective participation of women in trade union activities in Nigeria focusing on the four house unions in three North Central Nigerian Universities. Close ended questionnaires and in-depth interview were used to elicit data for this research. Simple percentage and frequency tables were employed in analyzing the data. Findings of the study showed that a host of factors inhibit the effective participation of women in trade union activities in the three universities selected. Chief among the hindrances were the impact of patriarchal structures inherent in the unions, the attitude of the women themselves to unionism, family and domestic commitments amongst others. Recommendations bother on the need for greater networking between unions and women bodies in Nigeria to enhance women participation; eradication of patriarchal structures in unions; re-education and re-socialization or women to enhance their participation as well as show of commitment and change of attitude on the part of the women to union activities in Nigeria.


Moitt offers an interesting book that provides insights into the life and work regime of enslaved women in the French Antilles. He immediately locates his book within the task of recovering the historically absent voices and experiences of enslaved women within Caribbean historiography. A task well established and concretized by the works ofMair, Shepherd, Bereton, Beckles et al but which has focused mainly on the English speaking Caribbean and also on the sugar empire. Though his analysis deliberately sets out to change the geographical focus the main area of concern is still sugar and his conclusions are important as they highlight the conclusion that many historians have reached on life for enslaved women in the British Caribbean i.e. that the level of work exploitation was stupendous and that the practices of the white "masters" not only bordered, but rested solidly on, an administration of evil.


Organizations exist to provide value to some client or customer group. But many strategists confuse their experience and their customers' experience, and too few focus on customers as the basis of their strategy. Without a strong customer connection, strategists are at risk of developing organizational competencies that have little or no market value. Strategists with  a strong customer orientation also focus on employees. They consider the resources and activities that help employees understand changing desires of current customers and assess whether they might profitably serve new customers. This study try to answer about: What is the customer relationship increasingly critical? What are the guidelines for a customer-based business model? and How do companies gather data to identify and understand their customers?    Smart companies have always paid attention to their customers' buyinrg decisions as one important indication of needs and trends. New technology is allowing not just more detailed tracking, but new ways of directly interacting with customers at the point of purchase. As a strategist, you must remember your own customer experiences, but not rely on them. Customer needs tend to vary widely across various segments or groupings. Understanding and mapping varied customer experience allows the strategist to provide organizational products and services at various points in this process. As a general rule, the most important way to stay in touch with customers is to engage them as they experience your product or service. Smart strategists tend to ask their customer questions. They track their behavior in detail. They engage customers and set up situations in which customers are willing to coproduce products, services, and experiences that they then pay for. This is information that fuels innovationand entrepreneurial response


To achieve high mechanical stability of a superconducting winding, numerical stress-strain analyses of the winding structure and appropriate stress-strain analyses of the winding structure and appropriate epoxy-impregnation technology were applied. To improve further winding mechanical stability, an initially round 1-mm-diameter varnish-insulated conductor was flattened to rack-track cross section (1.25 mm*0.75 mm for the inner section, 1.31 mm*0.65 mm for the rest of the magnet). The stainless steel road (1 mm diameter) of the bandage was flattened in the same way (up to 1.14 mm*0.77 mm). The danger of creating a hot spot region was limited by radial magnet sectioning and section shunting by low ohmic shunts. The superconducting switch was protected by a pair of antiparallel silicon diodes mounted between magnet flanges in parallel to it. The high threshold voltages of the diodes at 4.2 K allow system run-up with relatively high speed without any limitation on the sign of the magnet field polarity. >


A two‐dimensional Thomson scattering system is being designed for the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) torsatron experiment. This system will provide electron temperature and density measurements at 15 points along a vertical chord with each shot from a two‐dimensional Te and ne map of an ATF toroidal cross section can be obtained. The horizontal Thomson scattering viewing port is offset by 15° toriodally from the ports passing the vertical laser beam. Translating and rotating mirors will be used to relay light from the viewing port to the collection lens. This makes it possible to scan horizontally, view as much of the vertical laser beam as possible, and to use a fixed focal length, fixed position lens. Three sets of spectrometers optimized to three temperature ranges will be used. At the output of each spectrometer, dispersed light will be detected by an array of five, seven, or eight photomultiplier tubes, depending on the temperature range of the spectrometer.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the pharmacy services provided to people taking psychotropic and cardiovascular medications and examine the association between pharmacists' attitudes towards mental illness and provision of pharmacy services. The paper also considers pharmacists' opinions of the pharmaceutical care needs of people with mental illness including their physical health. Design/methodology/approach – A survey instrument was sent by facsimile to a random sample of community pharmacists in England and Wales. Findings – Community pharmacists had generally positive attitudes towards mental illness but provided significantly fewer pharmacy services (and were less comfortable providing them) to patients taking psychotropic medications than to patients taking cardiovascular medications. Awareness of the higher prevalence of physical health conditions among people with severe mental illness was not high. Provision of pharmacy services was associated with pharmacists' attitudes towards...


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the multifaceted challenge of managing construction and demolition waste within the context of the Jordan construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data sourced through desk research, interviews and questionnaires, this study examines the principal causes of increased volumes of construction and demolition waste, as well as the obstacles to both developing and implementing better waste management strategies.

Findings
This study identifies multiple causes of issues related to waste management and barriers to developing and implementing solutions and concludes by recommending a holistic approach to this multifaceted problem. A lack of adequate construction waste management infrastructure, regarding both physical facilities and regulations, was highlighted as the key challenge.

Social implications
The accumulation of waste that results from construction and demolition activity, and activities characterized by unsustainable utilization of raw materials and inefficiency are a global issue. The challenge of effectively managing construction waste is importantly tied to factors including the availability of the necessary infrastructure; economic conditions; and the scarcity of skilled laborers, among others.

Originality/value
This study focuses on the Jordan construction industry, which is so far not very well researched. By building upon previous studies, this study supports further research to illuminate the causes of waste and the barriers to better management, an issue that is not only a pillar of progress at the country level but also key for a sustainable development in general.


1. The present study investigated the time‐dependent inhibitory responses of endometrial growth and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to dexamethasone during deciduoma development that was surgically induced on day 4 of pseudopregnancy (PG).


AIM: To evaluate the classical and novel risk factors in young and middle-aged patients with coronary artery disease( CAD),and to analyze the relation between coronary risk factors and coronary lesion distribution.METHODS: A group of one hundred and eighty-nine patients,aged not more than 60 years with severe coronary stenosis on coronary angiography,and the other group of age-matched one hundred and sixty-one patients having normal or non-severe stenosis on coronary angiography were comprised in the study. Conventional factors( such as smoking,diabetes,hypertension,lipid spectrum and fasting plasma glucose) and novel risk factor( homocysteine) were compared between the groups. Moreover,the relation between the risk factors,and coronary lesion distribution including left main artery( LMA)or proximal or mid-left anterior descending( LAD) artery and remaining coronary lesions were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to define confounding factors for predicting severe CAD and coronary lesion distribution. RESULTS: Male and smoking were more prevalent in the group with severe coronary stenosis compared to the other group.The levels of homocysteine,triglyceride and apolipoprotein B were also higher in the group with severe coronary stenosis than those in the other group. From the perspective of gender analysis,homocysteine and apolipoprotein B significantly increased regardless of gender in severe coronary stenosis group. In men,the prevalence of diabetes rates and fasting plasma glucose were higher in severe coronary stenosis group. In women,the prevalence of triglyceride is obviously increased in severe coronary stenosis group. Male,smoking,homocysteine and apolipoprotein B were independent predictors of severeCAD in young and middle-aged patients according to logistic regression analysis with odds ratios of 2. 798( 95% CI: 1. 520 ~ 5. 152; P 0. 01),3. 570( 95% CI: 2. 125 ~ 5. 996; P 0. 01),1. 079( 95% CI: 1. 028 ~ 1. 133; P 0. 01),and 2. 883( 95% CI: 1. 427 ~ 5. 825; P 0. 01). Group analysis in the severe coronary stenosis patients revealed that only homocysteine was an independent predictor of LMA or proximal or mid-LAD lesion presence with an odds ratio of 0. 911( 95% CI: 0. 831 ~0. 998; P 0. 05). CONCLUSION: In our study,young and middle-aged patients with severe CAD have different risk profiles with higher frequency of male,smoking and increased levels of apolipoprotein B and homocysteine. Only homocysteine predicts coronary lesion distribution in LMA and proximal or mid-LAD.


We study theoretically the recently proposed hole spin initialization scheme for $p$-doped quantum well or dot systems via coupling to trion states with sub-picosecond circularly polarized laser pulses. We analyze the efficiency of spin initialization an predict the intrinsic spin coherence loss due to the pulse excitation itself as well as the phonon-induced spin dephasing, both taking place on the timescale of the driving laser pulse. We show that the ratio of the degree of dephasing to the achieved orientation effect does not depend on the pulse area but is sensitive to the temperature and detuning. The optimal excitation parameters are identified.


This study was conducted to analyze the impact of personal resources and job resources on job engagement of university teachers. Due to fierce competition, work engagement is vital subject for organizations. Research indicated that personal and job resources play substantial role in predicting work engagement. Several studies conducted in Pakistan have proved that employee's work engagement can be enhanced by better job and personal resources. But these studies have limited generalizability due to contextual specificity. Therefore, to achieve intended objective of this study, the questionnaire was administrated among 200 university teachers of three types of universities, 160 questionnaires were returned and 112 respondents' data were used for final analysis. The data was analyzed by using the SPSS and Smart PLS 3.0 software. The result indicated that out of four hypotheses, three hypothesis supported the relationship while one hypothesis did not support the relationship. This study possesses few limitations and also offers recommendations for future research.


The purpose of this study if determine the effect of leverage, firm size and sales growth on firm value with profitability as intervening variable. The population in this study are automotive sector and metals sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2015-2019 period using a purposive sampling method, 27 companies were selected in the sample. Analysis of the data used is the analysis of Partial Least Square (PLS) which is assisted with smartPLS 3.0 software. Based on the result of testing the data shows that leverage, firm size and sales growth have a positive effect on profitability. But leverage, firm size and sales growth have not effect on firm value. Profitability has a positive effect on firm value. Profitability is able to mediate the effect of leverage, firm size and sales growth on firm value.


merchants in establishing their constant good affection to the English interest and thus avoiding either confiscation or transplantation is particularly noted. The long drawn out period of the Restoration Settlement forms the greater part of the study. Again the legal and administrative processes involved, including the role of the king in the period immediately preceding the enactment of the Act of Settlement of 1662 are detailed, by reference to individual cases and using documentary sources, some of which are in private keeping. The case of Theobald Taaffe, earl of Carlingford, takes up a complete chapter as does incumbrancers, life interests and the corporate towns. The outcome reveals a structure of landownership in the county quite different to that which existed at the commencement of the century and constituted of a mix of Old English restorees, Old Protestants whose land titles were not affected in any way, Commonwealth ex-soldiers in the barony of Ardee and finally a relatively small group of newcomers, Grantees of the Restoration Settlement, or their clients, holding extensive estates by royal provision, most of whom were absentee. Their intrusion can explain why, in a number of deserving Old English cases, restoration of their estates was not effected. Below the landowners in fee was an extensive network of leaseholders, including individuals who had made claims for restoration of their former estates and others of the Old English settlement whose transition from landowners in fee to leaseholders can, in many cases, be traced from the earlier Commonwealth confiscations. They were to be particularly identified in the brief period ofJacobite ascendancy and the Williamite revolution which followed. The breakdown in law and order in the county during these periods led to a widespread destruction of property and the plundering of estates not alone of absentee Protestants but also of 'New Interest' Catholics. Estates were also sequestered under the Acts of Repeal and Attainder and let out in custodium by the Jacobite Commissioners of the Revenue. It is not surprising therefore that as soon as that ascendancy had passed, its Williamite successor brought in its own extensive confiscations and outlawries much of which for County Louth was to be reversed by the provisions of the Act of Resumption and the favourable terms offered to landowners under the treaty of Limerick. Of the estimated 22,500 acres originally forfeited, only 3,551 acres were subsequently confirmed, the balance returning to the former proprietors. Volume two contains copies of a selection of some of the manuscript sources relied on in the study. HAROLD O'SULLIVAN


Monopulse secondary surveillance radar interrogator operating in mode S in air traffic control system. The subject of this bachelor's thesis is the monopulse secondary surveillance radar interrogator operating in mode S. It focuses on the operation and implementation of the monopulse secondary surveillance radar interrogator operating in mode S into Air Traffic Control. The thesis describes the function of the monopulse secondary surveillance radar interrogator operating in mode S, the communication path, and the addressing method. Moreover, the result this has on legislation is also resolved.


The mid-IR spectrum of gas-phase C2H5OO has been measured over the spectral range of 800−4000 cm-1. The employed experimental technique was long-path-length absorption in which a White cell was coupled to an FTIR spectrometer. Radicals were generated in a mixing manifold prior to the absorption cell by passing an F2/He mixture through a microwave discharge to create fluorine atoms followed by the reaction of atomic fluorine with an ethane/oxygen mixture. A number of absorption bands were observed to increase in intensity with increasing atomic fluorine concentration. Verification that the observed bands originated from the ethyl peroxy radical was done first by comparing measured band frequencies with the spectra of possible secondary reaction products and second by titrating C2H5OO• with excess nitric oxide and observing the nitrogen dioxide and ethyl nitrite products that ultimately result from the titration reaction. Bands were assigned to normal modes of C2H5OO• through comparing the observed band pos...


proved harmless to live cells. [ 5a , 9 ] However, the spontaneous reaction caused by intrinsic Michael reactivity forfeits all spatial and temporal control. In addition, free thiol groups are susceptible to air oxidation and thus severely limit the storage and extent of crosslinking reactions, [ 1c ] which is indispen-sable in 3D gel forming, both in thiol-ene and thiol-Michael reactions. Herein, a new concept of photocrosslinking mechanism is demonstrated, in which light controls where and when thiol-Michael addition occurs in 3D and light dose controls gel stiffness, thus providing a unique approach particularly suitable for fabricating 3D cell-culture matrix. Specifi cally, Scheme 1 depicts a distinct methacrylate monomer attached with macrocyclic coumarin-caged thiol (MCT) was copolymerized with polyethyleneglycol methacrylate (PEG-MA) to generate the desired photo-responsive gelling macromolecule (PGM). Upon photo-excitation, the intramolecular photocleavage of


Objective To develop a set of parameters for quality control of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the fermentation process.Methods Gram staining and capsule swelling test were used for monitoring bacterial degeneration and contamination by other microorganisms in the fermentor,or for rejuvenation of degenerated seed strains.The optical density(A600) in fermentation broth was determinated for monitoring the fermentation process and confirming the initial concentration of fermentation broth and the harvest time.The content of glucose was detected by a glucose meter at intervals so as to make sure supplementary carbon source was timely supplied in fermentation process.Osmotic pressure was measured by an osmometer in fermentation process in order to guide the strategy of feeding supplement.Results The results from Gram stain,capsule swelling test,the content of glucose,osmolality and optical density(A600) were determined as parameters in quality control during the the fermentation of Streptococcus pneumoniae.Conclusion The fermentation process of Streptococcus pneumoniae can be evaluated and monitored by a developed quality control method in this study.


We present a charge distribution-based emission model that calculates the infrared spectrum of fullerenes (C60). Analysis of the modelled spectrum of C60 in various charge states shows that the relative intensity of the features in the 5-10 μm versus 15-20 μm can be used to probe the C60 charge state in interstellar spectra. We further used our model to simulate emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and C60 at five positions in the cavity of reflection nebula NGC 7023. Specifically, we modelled the 6.2/11.2 band ratio for circumcoronene and circumcircumcoronene and the 7.0/19.0 band ratio for C60 as a function of the ionization parameter γ. A comparison of the model results with the observed band ratios shows that the γ values in the cavity do not vary significantly, suggesting that the emission in the cavity does not originate from locations at the projected distances. Furthermore, we find that the C60 derived γ values are lower than the PAH-derived values by an order of magnitude. We discuss likely scenarios for this discrepancy. In one scenario, we attribute the differences in the derived γ values to the uncertainties in the electron recombination rates of PAHs and C60. In the other scenario, we suggest that PAHs and C60 are not co-spatial resulting in different γ values from their respective models. We highlight that experiments to determine necessary rates will be required in validating either one of the scenarios.


Fatigue property of Al-Li alloy after various heat treatment was investigated. The results show that the fatigue strength is enhanced with the age hardening progressing. Compared to the solution treated specimen, the fatigue limit is improved to 136% for sub-ageing treated specimen and 155% for peak-ageing treated specimen, respectively. In the meanwhile, the fatigue deformation becomes non-uniform with age hardening progressing. The fatigue cracks initiate and propagate prior from the un-uniform slip band, causing transgranular fracture or the mixed mode of transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture.


A single-loop delta-sigma modulator based on path-coupling and double-sampling is proposed. This modulator employs a noise-shaped integrating quantizer which by itself increases the order of noise shaping by one. The integrating quantizer used in this structure holds its quantization error at the end of the evaluation phase, and hence this voltage is available in purely analog form and eliminates the need for extra DACs. This enables to utilize local path-coupling which adds another order of noise shaping. A third order example is provided and simulated to demonstrate the efficiency of this structure.


Bio-precursors of organic matter, referring to formerly living precursors, can influence content and distribution of organic pores significantly. However, insufficient attention has been paid in previous studies. To research the impact of bio-precursors of organic matter on shale organic pores, we conducted palynology and thin section analysis, total organic carbon analysis, and N2 gas absorption experiments on the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations shales and kerogen samples from the Shuanghe outcrop section in southern Sichuan Basin, China. Generally, there are three bio-precursor assemblages being developed from bottom to top in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formation, namely benthic algae, benthic–planktonic algae, and planktonic algae assemblages. Porosity in kerogen contributes greatly to shale porosity, accounting for 13 − 53% of total porosity. The total porosity and mesopore volume of samples (kerogen and shale) dominated by benthic algae are higher than those by planktonic algae. Pore size distributions of kerogen samples containing mainly benthic algae and planktonic algae are unimodal and multimodal type, respectively, when the pore diameter is larger than 5 nm. The different features between benthic and planktonic algae assemblages could be attributed to their different hydrocarbon generation potential and biological structure. Smaller fractal dimension of pores in kerogen samples mainly containing planktonic algae suggested that the planktonic algae are responsible for smoother pores in shales.


The Lied Library was planned and constructed over a ten‐year period. During this process, the library staff tried to plan for new technology by making the building as flexible as possible. Although the staff had very little technological or planning experience in the early years, they were able to successfully plan a technologically advanced building. Much of the success of this venture came by researching technology, and constant revision of plans to incorporate changes. Through careful infrastructure planning, no major changes were needed to accommodate technological upgrades. and Kenneth E. Marks


The thesis contains theoretical and methodological basis of the approaches to the improvement of quality of management of agricultural enterprises. Essence of management quality in current conditions is defined, the position of qualitative element in management system of enterprise is set, the matter of "quality management" term is refined and the methodological approaches to the estimation of quality management is researched.
The necessity of estimation using the indicators of management of business activity was established. The propositions for improvement of quality of management in the agricultural enterprises. The systematic monitoring of the factors characterizing the management of business activity (profit, crops and cattle productivity) and personnel management (labour productivity, wage level, employee turnover). The estimation of quality of management allows to control the changes and make the corrections.
The personnel policy is proposed to be used as the way of improvement of quality of management in agricultural enterprise. Regarding the fact that realization of all the qualities of leadership takes place in the final output as integrated indicator of the quality of management, the estimation of manager's qualities is the one of ways for quality of management of agricultural enterprise improvement.


Power quality on land is a well-documented subject that has been carefully researched. Instead, this report will examine what the power quality is like on board two vessels and compare it to the power quality on the mainland. We have done three experiments. Two of these took place in the school's laboratory, where we constructed a work bench to be able to simulate errors. The third experiment took place in a closed circuit system which simulated a real boat. Both older and newer equipment were used. One older oscilloscope and a fluke power meter and a modern tool from Unipower called Unilyzer 900. The result in this rapport is based on the real measuring take on board the Coast Guard vessel Poseidon 001 and Maritima's HMS Kalmarsund. The methods used in this rapport are one interview, with the purpose of aiding in the understanding of the problems on board, and a field experiment, with the purpose of us examining the disturbances ourselves. In the results the disturbances which have been measured on Poseidon 001 and HMS Kalmarsund will be presented and compared with each other, with the interview, and with the regulations on the mainland.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of hepatitis B immunoglobin(HBIG) in interrupting the intrauterine transmission of HBV during late pregnancy.Methods: MEDLINE,CNKI,and CBM were searched.Using fix effect model,the studies were reanalyzed by Meta analysis.Results: The quality of included studies was evaluated(χ2=39.7,P0.05),Meta analysis based on the included studies showed that HBIG significantly decreased the intrauterine transmission rate of HBV[OR 0.32,95%CI(0.23 to 0.46)].Conclusion: HBIG is effective for the interruption of intrauterine transmission of HBV.


Abstract Introduction Nail glue often consists of a mixture of alcohol, cyanoacrylate, or photo-bonded methacrylate. Ocular exposures to nail glue may result in potentially serious clinical effects, and patients may be treated at healthcare facilities. The objective of this study was to characterize ocular nail glue exposures treated at United States emergency departments. Methods Data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a database of consumer product-related injuries collected from approximately 100 United States hospital emergency departments. Ocular nail glue exposures reported during 2000–2019 were identified by reviewing all records with product code 0909 (Adhesives) and with "nail" and "glue" or "nail" and "adhesive" in the Narrative field. Results A total of 498 ocular nail glue exposures were identified, resulting in a national estimate of 18,402 exposures. Of the estimated exposures, the age distribution was 14.1% 0–5 years, 15.1% 6–12 years, 14.3% 13–19 years, and 56.6% 20 years or older; 87.5% of the patients were female. The nail glue was mistaken for eye drops in 20.8% of the cases, splashed into the eye in 15.0% cases, and rubbed into the eye in 3.3% cases. The most commonly reported clinical effects were 41.8% foreign body, 33.8% corneal abrasion, and 11.0% conjunctivitis. Conclusion The most common circumstance leading to ocular nail glue exposures treated at United States emergency departments involved nail glue being mistaken for eye drops. The most frequently reported clinical effects were the presence of a foreign body, corneal abrasion, and conjunctivitis.


Salomon Eberhard Henschen (1847–1930) was one of his era's most prominent doctors. Soon after already graduating from high school at age 15, he devoted himself to studying botany, traveling the wor ...


Background:
 Arterial microcalcification predicts cardiovascular events and contributes to plaque rupture. We recently demonstrated that matrix vesicles (MVs) participate in the formation of microcalcifications. Yet, the precise mechanisms by which MVs regulate calcification in atheroma remain unknown. We hypothesized that sortilin 1, a protein associated with arterial calcification in GWAS, promotes calcification via its phosphorylation and recruitment to MVs.

 Results:
 We detected sortilin 1 in calcified MVs of human plaques using transmission electron microscopy-based immunogold labeling. Sortilin 1 loading into MVs increased in sortilin 1-overexpressing smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and rose further in MVs derived from calcifying SMCs. Nanoparticle tracking analysis indicated no alteration in MV release. Silencing sortilin 1 reduced tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity within MVs (-45%; p<0.01), whereas sortilin 1 overexpression promoted TNAP activity within MVs twofold (p<0.05). Silencing Rab11 reduced sortilin 1 protein (-44%, p<0.01) as well as TNAP activity (-34%, p<0.01) and mineralization (-36%, p<0.01). Further, silencing Rab11 abolished the induction of TNAP activity by sortilin 1 overexpression. We used a mass spectrometry-based strategy to monitor sortilin 1 post-translational modifications in calcifying SMCs and identified a calcification-dependent phosphorylation within the C-terminal domain. Mutations on Ser825 and Ser819, which prevented sortilin 1 phosphorylation, 1) abolished SMC TNAP activity (-43%; p<0.05) and calcification (-72%; p<0.05), 2) mitigated TNAP activity (-36%; p<0.05) and hydroxyapatite content (-34%; p<0.05) in MVs, and 3) prevented loading of sortilin 1 into MVs. In contrast, mutations on Ser825 and Ser819 that mimic a constitutive active phosphorylation enhanced TNAP activity without affecting sortilin 1 expression.

 Conclusion:
 Sortilin 1 promotes MV-mediated vascular microcalcification via Rab11 trafficking and C-terminal phosphorylation. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the correlation between sortilin 1 and calcification and identifies sortilin 1 as a potential therapeutic target to modulate the formation of microcalcifications.


Knowledge of your own and other's positions are frequently a prerequisite for acting, leading others, and interacting in and with the environment; to retrieve relevant information and to process an ...