Enicostemma littorale Blume, also known as Mamajjaka in Sanskrit, Indian gentian in English and "Kadavinay" in local language, is a perennial herb of Gentianaceae family. The plant parts like leaves and roots are used since ages in various parts of India for treating diabetes. It is widely used in Solapur and Osmanabad districts of Maharashtra, in the form of "leaf pickle" as a dietary supplement in diabetic patient. Acharya Priyavat Sharma has described it as useful in madhumeha. Mamajjaka has a predominance of Tikta rasa, Ushna virya, Katu vipaka, Laghu-Ruksha guna and Vayu-Aakash mahabhuta. It's an easily available and economically important herb. Different constituents of Mamajjaka, like Swertiamarin, Flavonoids, Saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, catechins, sterols, phenolic acids and xanthones, have been reported for possessing hypoglycemic properties. In-vivo, anti-hyperglycemic effect of Mamajjaka has been established, through enhancing glucose-induced insulin release, reducing the glycosylated hemoglobin and by inhibiting the action of glucose-6-phosphate in liver. As, all previous studies have established the significant potentials of Mamajjaka both in Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes, in this study we have reviewed the pharmaco-kinetics of Mamajjaka, keeping in mind the scientific basis of traditional use of Mamajjaka mainly as diet in diabetes. We have established the role of panchabhautic constitution of Mamajjaka as a dietary supplement for the diabetic patients. We have concluded that Mamajjaka, being cost-effective and easily available medicinal herb possessing hypoglycemic properties, can be used as an excellent vegetable in diabetic patients as a dietary supplement.


Abstract : The Final Proceedings for Optimization in Composite Material Design and Structural Integrity, 20 May 2001 - 25 May 2001. This is an interdisciplinary conference. Topics include a review of the application of composite materials to solving practical problems, assisting the structural designer in appreciating the nature of the materials problem, reconciling the inhomogeneity of composite microstructure with the assumed continua of the computational methods, and bringing together the experience of real engineering problems of those who have been involved in applying the basic knowledge in practice.


The purpose of this study was to examine the post activation potentiation (PAP) effect of two different conditioning stimuli (CS) on drop jump (DJ) parameters on young female gymnasts. Thirty young female artistic gymnasts, aged 8 to 13 years old performed two protocols of either double tuck jumps (DTJ: 2 sets of 5 repetitions) or legs blocking action (LBA: 2 sets of 5 repetitions) in a within-subject randomized design. Before and immediately after the PAP treatment and 4, 8, 12, and 16 min after, jumping ability was measured by performing a drop jump (DJ). Statistical analysis revealed significant interaction effect between the two CS for DJ height (p < 0.002), time flight (p < 0.002) and take-off velocity (p < 0.003). Furthermore, significant main effect was found for protocol on DJ height (p < 0.001) and time flight (p < 0.001). It is recommended to the sports experts to include similar condition stimuli in the warm-up procedure, in order to improve their jumping performance. Conclusive both CS cause PAP phenomenon but the specialized CS produces higher rates of improvements in young female artistic gymnasts.


A two-phase approach of automatically aligning bilingual base noun phrases from sentence-aligned Chinese-English parallel corpus is proposed in this paper. We conduct alignment in two phases: one deals with high-frequency base noun phrases by statistical co-occurrence information between parallel corpus, and the other deals with low-frequency base noun phrases using the bilingual lexical information and Dice coefficient similarity metrics. This can be reasonably considered to acquire higher recall without degrading the precision on the whole. Furthermore, our approach can escape from complex Chinese parsing problems and don't need to recognize Chinese base noun phrases accurately before the aligning process. Also, it can also relieve, to some extent, the serious impacts of error spread which may result from the unstable and impractical Chinese base noun phrases extraction tools. Another, dealing with high frequency noun phrases with statistical information also can realize the recognition of some non-compositional phrase pairs, which is difficult for pure syntax-based or lexicon-based systems to handle.


About one-half of the ≈57 proteins of the photosynthetic membranes in plant chloroplasts is encoded in the chloroplast genome, translated on chloroplast ribosomes and cotranslationally inserted into the lipid bilayer of the thylakoids (flattened sacs; ref. 1). The other half is translated on cytosolic ribosomes from messenger RNA of nuclear genes and posttranslationally imported across the outer and inner chloroplast envelope membranes. The import machinery consists of smart receptor proteins, translocation channels, and chaperon proteins (2, 3). The photosynthetic proteins are assembled into five multisubunit complexes. There, the pigments for light harvesting and the electron transport molecules for the primary light-dependent charge separation and for the generation of protons and oxygen in the water-splitting reaction are positioned at the optimal distances. The two photosystems cooperate via the cytochrome b6f complex in the transfer of electrons to provide reducing power in the form of NADPH and establishment of proton gradients from the stroma side to the lumen of the thylakoid. The electrochemical gradient formed by the accumulation of protons in the thylakoid lumen provides the driving force for the phosphorylation of ADP by the ATP synthase complex. In contrast to the profound knowledge of the organization of the photosynthetic membrane and the import of the protein components into the chloroplast and their targeting to the thylakoids, progress in learning how the lipid bilayer membranes are formed is less obvious. This situation may change with the discovery of a function of the vesicle-inducing protein in plastids (VIPP) by Kroll et al. and Westphal et al. as reported in this issue of PNAS (4, 5).


AIM: To construct and screen out the potent short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing plasmids which target to rat connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). METHODS: Four shRNA-expressing plasmids targeting to rat CTGF mRNA (Accession No: NM_022266) were designed and constructed based on the sequence of rat CTGF mRNA. The recombinant plasmids were identified by restriction enzyme assay and nucleotide sequence analysis. Then the plasmids were transfected into rat cardiac fibroblasts using lipofectamine2000 reagent, and the positive cells were sorted by fluorescence active cell sorting (FACS) technique. The mRNA and protein expressions of CTGF were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western Blot technique, and compared with that of nontransfection group and negative control plasmid. RESULTS: The 4 recombinant plasmid vectors expressing CTGF-targeting shRNA were identified by restriction enzyme assay and sequence analysis. Forty-eight hours post-transfection, the mRNA and protein expressions of CTGF decreased in 3 experimental groups compared with that in nontransfection group, but no changes occurred in negative control plasmid and lipofecta-mine2000 group. CONCLUSION: Four recombinant plasmids targeting to rat CTGF are successfully constructed, and 3 potent recombinant plasmids are screened out. This lays a foundation for further researches of RNA interference on cardiac fibrosis in vivo and in vitro.


The role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 has expanded from regulating the renin angiotensin system to regulating intestinal amino acid homeostasis and the gut microbiome. Recently, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 was identified as a primary receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 1 and 2 being expressed in multiple tissues including the luminal surface of the gut. In this brief perspective, we examine the role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the impact of coronavirus disease 19 infection on the gut microbiome and on the gut epithelium.


A 6~18 GHz broadband GaN MMIC power amplifier with three-stage topologywas developed. The amplifier was designed in micro-strip technology and reactance matchingnetwork was adopted to reduce insert loss of the output stage and improve the MMIC'sassociated efficiency.The amplifier provided a flat small signal gain of 25 dB and a pulsedsaturated output power of 6 W at VDS=28 V over the 6 GHz to 18 GHz frequency range. A peakoutput power of 10 W with power added efficiency of 21% was achieved at 14 GHz. The amplifierchip with size of 2.3 mm × 1.1 mm is processed by 76. 2 mm, 0. 25 μm GaN HEMT MMICtechnology in Nanjing Electronic Devices Institute.


The above facts explain the author's wish to bend every effort to filling some of the gaps in research and theoretical basis of monolithic house-building. Vast practical research and theoretical studies were made. These included testing of monolithic wall panels in composite loading; vibration and dynamic testing of full-scale monolithic buildings and their segments constructed for the purpose; a theoretical study of the state of stress and deformation of walls of monolithic buildings and their crack resistance to seismic impact (by the method of finite elements in nonlinear formulation).


Hamacher product is a t-norm and Hamacher sum is a t-conorm. They are good alternatives to algebraic product and algebraic sum, respectively. Nevertheless, it seems that most of the existing hesitant fuzzy aggregation operators are based on the algebraic operations. In this paper, we utilize Hamacher operations to develop some intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators: intuitionistic fuzzy Hamacher weighted geometric (IFHWG) operator, intuitionistic fuzzy Hamacher ordered weighted geometric (IFHOWG) operator and intuitionistic fuzzy Hamacher hybrid geometric (IFHHG) operator. The prominent characteristic of these proposed operators are studied. Then, we have utilized these operators to develop some approaches to solve the intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision making problems. Finally, a practical example for software quality evaluation is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.


Abstract There are two types of joke that can be described as fairy tale jokes: those with punchlines that include fairy tale characters, and fairy tale parodies. The paper discusses fairy tale jokes that were sent to the jokes page of the major Estonian internet Web Portal Delfi by Internet users between 2000 and 2011, and jokes added by the editors of the portal between 2011 and 2018 (CFTJ). The joke corpus has had different addresses at different times, and was a live 'folklore field' for the first few years after creation. Of all the characters, the Goldfish appeared in the largest number of jokes (76 out of a total of 286 jokes), followed by Little Red Riding Hood (72). Other fairy tale characters feature in a 14 or fewer fairy tale jokes each. Several fairy tale jokes circulating on the Internet varied over the period observed. Fairy tale jokes generally get their impetus from the characters and from plots with unexpected outcomes. A seemingly innocent fairy tale character is often linked to a sexual theme: sexuality holds first place as the source of humour in fairy tale jokes, although this may be caused by the so-called genre code of jokes.


Deconvolution from wavefront sensing (or self-referenced speckle holography) has previously been proposed as a post-detection processing technique for correcting turbulence-induced wavefront phase-errors in incoherent imaging systems. In this paper, a new methodology is considered for processing the image and wavefront-sensor data in which the method of maximum-likelihood estimation is used to simultaneously estimate the object intensity and phase errors directly from the detected images and wavefront-sensor data. This technique is demonstrated to work well in a situation for which the wavefront sensor's lenslet diameters are such that their images are not simply spots of light translated according to the local slope of the phase errors, but are instead an array of small, interfering speckle patterns.


This study aims to analyze the concept of rehabilitation of addicts at BABESREHAB BNN Lido West Java so that obstacles and challenges in the implementation of rehabilitation for narcotics addicts can be identified with the help of empirical normative analysis. This research also aims to analyze the actualization – in social rehabilitation, especially the mental coaching room. This research was a legal research with an interdisciplinary socio-legal study. The author uses this study model in order to describe legal issues more meaningfully from both a theoretical and practical point of view. This research was conducted at the Rehabilitation Center of the National Narcotics Agency (BABESREHAB BNN Lido West Java) Lido because this rehabilitation institution is a large rehabilitation center directly owned by the government, which was suspected to have made a major contribution to the success of rehabilitation in accordance with applicable laws and policies. This study also uses a mixed methodology consisting of reviewing legal documents and government policies and institutions under it, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. This study also uses an ethnographic content analysis approach known as Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA). Research informants consisted of 7 practitioner staff and 4 informants from rehabilitation residents. This study concludes that rehabilitation in Indonesia still requires attention from all parties, government, private, and family in solving all obstacles and challenges in its implementation. The allegation that the Lido National Narcotics Agency Rehabilitation (BABESREHAB BNN Lido West Java) which is directly controlled by the government, has contributed greatly to the success of rehabilitation in accordance with the law, applicable policy, as well as - not yet fully confirmed. This study found several problems in the implementation of rehabilitation, namely, (1) there is no reach out for prospective rehabilitation residents, (2) there are still dilemmas in forced rehabilitation, resident motivation, and vocational training (3) limited number of functional personnel, (4) lack of awareness legal and policy context, (5) Islamic mental development curriculum is not yet comprehensive.


Symmetries,reductions and exact solutions of Variant Boussinesq Equations are obtained by using the Lie group method in this paper,For exact solutions of the equation,we generalize the corre-sponding results of paper.


Abstract. Using non-intrusive techniques to study physical and chemical properties of flames take to more realistic results. The tomographic backprojection algorithm together with the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART), can reconstruct an object internal structure or properties of a restrict region of the space from their projection data. This work presents a few data tomography technique using the emission of light by a Bunsen burner laminar flame . The chemicals radicals in a flame emit light in a series of characteristics wavelength. With some CCD cameras and light filters one can mount a simple tomograph to obtain the bidimensional radicals distribution in a flame cross section through computerized tomography techniques (CT).


Many seeds fail to germinate after processing and placement in favorable growing conditions, such seed said to be dormant. In some dormant seeds morphological changes must take place before germination can start. For others, parts of the seeds undergo physiological changes before germination. In Abutilon ranadei very little literature found to be studied. Germination ecology of Abutilon was studied by Lucien et. al., (1964), Seed viability and influence of presowing treatments and seedling development were studied by Menashe and Ray, (2009), Adam and Renner, (2007), Cardina, (1997), Defelice and Witt (1988), Dorothy (1960), various treatments on seed germination of genus Abutilon studied by Winter (1960a, 1960b), Preliminary study on the germination of Abutilon was studied by Gupta et. al., (2011), Hameed, (2001), Iliya, (1995), John, (1997).


To what extent are doctors' and nurses' roles interchangeable? Nurses currently perform some of the more menial medical tasks to relieve the burden on their colleagues. Now, it is suggested nurses and doctors might train together ( 1 ).


Background: Hyposmia, motor impairment and probable REM-sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) are markers for Parkinson9s disease (PD). Proposed PD risk prediction models have dichotomised test results and applied likelihood ratios (LRs) to scores above and below cut-offs. We investigate whether LRs for specific test values could enhance prediction models.
Methods: Smell and probable RBD data for PD patients were taken from the Tracking Parkinson9s study (n=1046). For motor impairment previously published data were supplemented (n=87). PREDICT-PD pilot study participants were the controls. Smell, motor impairment and RBD were assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), the Bradykinesia-Akinesia Incoordination (BRAIN) test and the REM sleep behaviour disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ). UPSIT and RBDSQ data were analysed using logistic regression to determine which items were predictive of PD, or using total scores. Gaussian distributions were fitted to BRAIN test scores. LRs were calculated from logistic regression models or from score distributions. False-positive rates (FPRs) for specified detection rates (DRs) were calculated.
Results: Logistic regression modelling yielded a greater range of LRs. 16 odours were associated with PD; LRs ranged from 0.005-5511. 6 RBDSQ questions were associated with PD; LRs ranged from from 0.34-69. BRAIN test LRs ranged from 0.16-1311. For a 70% DR the FPR for the 16 odours was 2.4%, for 50% DRs, the BRAIN test FPR was 6.6% and 12.2% for the RBDSQ.
Conclusions: Maximising information on PD markers can potentially improve the ability of algorithms to detect PD by generating LRs with a larger range of values than using dichotomised results.


The study is emprical case of young generation Anti-Corruption Literacy Index (ACLI). it was conducted with a scope of students from SMKN1 Gambut, Banjar, South KACLImantan. The number of registered students is 908, for various reasons it is estimated that only about 900 have reached as the target. The number of responsed collected was 724 or a "response rate" is 80.05%. Answering the question how is the ACLI measurement carried out? Researcher describe: 1). by using the wellbeing methodology approach; 2). Designing object, defining sub-objects (variables) with expert group discussion (EGD); 3). Carry out sociometric measurements and design online e-survey instruments on cloud computing. The measurement includes an assessment based on the perspective of perception, participation and acceptability (PPA) on each variable Xi, using an assessment in term of purposive population. The results of these measurements are then accumulated in the form of an index. This index is a kind of composite index. The value score is a numeric number from a scale of 9, no conversion is carried out, calculated accumulatively, all scores are tested for significance of questionnaries instrument. The significance reference standard (SRS) was used. From the data presented, it can be seen that all scores show a much higher value than the SRS score. This means that the results of ACLI for students at vocational school of SMKN1 Gambut, Banjar are significant. From the comparison of scores, the highest value is on the X5 variable, namely «honestly conveying» with an assessment score of 7.97 (of 9) which is an almost perfect score. Very good. In the perception data, only 4.1% rated score 5 or below it. Which means 95.9% of respondents rate 6 and above. The


My paper presents a new method of design of a System On Programmable Chip (SOPC), testing its performances, makes accessible the implementation of an image processing program coded with OpenCV library on the Altera Cyclone III platform. The main idea consists on making a hardware implementation of the designed SOPC on the NEEK platform. We make also the implementation of a uClinux Operating System on the Nios II processor based SOPC to facilitate the implementation of our proposed image processing chain on an Altera reconfigurable platform.


Leaflet thrombosis can frequently be identified by computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Oral anticoagulation is assumed to lead to resolution of thrombosis. We analyzed the resolution of leaflet thrombosis after TAVI by anticoagulant therapy in serial CTA and assessed the influence of prosthesis type.

 Consecutive TAVI patients who underwent CTA follow-up were screened and individuals with leaflet thrombosis on CTA (defined by the presence of hypo-attenuated leaflet thickening, HALT) in whom oral anticoagulation was initiated and who underwent follow-up CTA were included. The type of anticoagulation was according to physicians' discretion. We assessed the resolution of HALT and compared patients with and without resolution of HALT regarding prosthesis type, prosthesis diameter and type of anticoagulation.

 Out of 395 patients screened for participation, 36 patients (mean age 80±7, 67% men) with leaflet thrombosis underwent follow-up CTA at a medial interval of 3 months (IQR: 3; 5.75 months) after anticoagulation was initiated. 36 patients received either vitamin-K antagonists (n=28, 78%) or Factor-Xa Inhibitors (n=8, 22%). A total of 22 (61%) balloon-expandable and 14 (39%) self-expandable transcatheter aortic valves were implanted. Nominal prosthesis diameter was 23, 25, 26, 27 and 29 mm in 7 (19%), 1 (3%), 10 (28%), 7 (19%) and 11 (31%) patients, respectively. 30 patients (83%) with anticoagulation showed resolution of HALT, whereas persistent HALT was detected in 6 patients (17%), of whom 1 patient with balloon-expandable and 5 patients with self-expandable valve. No difference was seen in duration of anticoagulation between patients with and without resolution of HALT (p=0.984). In univariate analysis, prosthesis type (balloon-expandable vs. self-expandable valves) showed a significant association of self-expandable valves with lack of resolution of leaflet thrombosis (p=0.017). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, this association persisted (p=0.043) and was independent of the type of anticoagulation (p=0.660) and prosthesis diameter (p=0.942).

 Persisting leaflet thrombosis despite anticoagulation is not infrequent and seems to be associated with prosthesis-type rather than small valve diameter or type of anticoagulation. Further research is necessary to identify structural aortic valve determinants for this finding.

 Type of funding source: None


Objective To probe into the inhibiting action of Compound Biejiarangan Troche on alcohol hepatic fibrosis in rats. Methods Forty Wistar male rats were divided into control, model, Compound Biejiarangan Troche and Anfate treatment groups. Alcohol hepatic fibrosis model was established by intragastrical perfusion with mixture of "alcohol-Pyrazole-coil oil" and high-fat diet for sixteen weeks. After four weeks' intervention, changes of hepatic fibrosis index, liver tissue pathology and expression of TGF-β1 in liver tissue were observed. Results The hepatic function of model rats were changed and abnormal, with obvious fibrosis in hepatic histopathology. After intervention for four weeks, HA decreased (P 0.01) in serum of Compound Biejiarangan Troche group and Anfate group compared with that of model group, and expression of TGF-β1 decreased in Compound Biejiarangan Troche group compared with Anfate group. Conclusion Compound Biejiarangan Troche has effect of inhibiting and reversing alcohol hepatic fibrosis in rats.


The Internet phenomenon "Distributed Denial of Service", in short DDoS, is often said to be one of the greatest threats to the Internet today. By abusing the foundation of inter-network and computer communication, criminals can block and shut out websites and services from users while making it very hard for the victim and the authorities to ever identify who was behind it. Enormous global networks made up of unknowing peoples' infected computers can be remotely controlled to conduct attacks against all sorts of organisations on the Internet with different motives, from financial or politic to sheer vandalism. The purpose of this study is to create an up-to-date mapping of the situation of DdoS-attacks and look at statistics of the most prevalent attack types, and to check if newly published research can answer the current and emerging trends that can be seen. Six research articles are chosen to compare with these trends to see where more research is required. The results show that the research around defense against HTTP-GET-attacks is lacking, and that the emergent trend of DDoS-attacks that make use of more than one attack type at the same time has not been examined. More open research should be directed to these lacking areas. Innehallsforteckning 1 Inledning 4 1.1 Arbetet 4 1.2 Problemformulering 4 1.3 Syfte 4 1.4 Avgransningar 5 1.5 Disposition 5 2 Bakgrund 6 2.1 Distributed Denial of Service 6 2.2 DDoS-varianter 7 2.3 Vad mojliggor DDoS-angrepp? 7 2.4 Problematik med att stoppa DDoS 8 2.5 Angreppsverktyg 8 2.5.1 LOIC 8 2.5.2 Mobile LOIC 8 2.5.3 R.U.D.Y 9 2.5.4 THC-SSL-DoS 9 3 Metod 10 3.1 Ansats 10 3.2 Arbetsprocess 10 3.3 Litteratur 12 3.3.1 Sokning 12 3.3.2 Val av dokument och granskning 12 3.3.3 Etiska overvaganden 12 3.3.4 Analys 13 3.4 Artikelmatris 14 4 Dagslage 15 4.1 DDoS idag 15 4.1.1 DDoS-statistik 15 4.1.2 Statistiktolkning 16 4.1.3 Synliga trender 16 4.2 TCP-SYN-angrepp 17 4.3 HTTP-GET-angrepp 17 4.4 DDoS-forsvar 18 5 Resultat 19 5.1 TCP-SYN-angrepp 19 5.1.1 Detektion och mitigation 19 5.2 HTTP-GET-angrepp 21 5.2.1 Detektion 21 5.3 MVA-angrepp 22 6 Diskussion 23 6.1 Resultatdiskussion 23 6.2 Metoddiskussion 23 6.3 Diskussion om studierna 24 7 Sammanfattning 25 7.1 Vidare forskning 25


An important part of an archaeologist's work is to assign dates to finds, or deposits. For example, the deposits may be graves in a prehistoric cemetery or strata in a trench dug at the site of an ancient settlement. The deposits may contain artifacts such as pottery, jewelry, or tools. Under very fortuitous circumstances, an inscription or other unambiguous characteristic of an artifact literally labels the deposit with a date. However, such luck is not common, and so archaeologists use mathematical and statistical techniques to help solve the problem of dating deposits. This article describes the fairly recent development of the use of matrices and networks to solve an ordering problem of particular interest to archaeologists called the seriation problem, and illustrates these techniques with two examples from the archaeological literature. These same ideas have been successfully applied in genetics, psychology, and management. Most of the work discussed is due to D. G. Kendall, E. M. Wilkinson, and G. Laporte, but the formulations and proofs supplied here are generally simpler than the original ones. An extensive survey of the problem from an archaeologist's point of view appears in [22], and an overview of the application of mathematics to archaeology can be found in [6], [11], and [3].


The effects of water stress on flag leaves senescence and grain yield of two different droughtresistant varieties of winter wheat(Zhenghan No.1 and Yumei No.2) were studied under high fertilizer field conditions. The results showed that drought coefficient of Yumei No.2 and Zhenghan No.1 were 0.90 and 0.97, respectively. In the grain filling stage, the chlorophyll degradation and MDA accumulation in Yumei No.2 were faster than in Zhenghan No.1 under water stress, which means the degree of lipid peroxidation in zhenghan No.1 was lower than in Yumei No.2. The rate of O 2 producing and content of H2O2 increasing rapidly in laterfilling stage caused earlysenescence of wheat flag leaves under water stress. The decline of grain weight in Yumei No.2 was grater than that in Zhenghan No.1.\;


When the Leiden Professor of Theology Jacobus Arminius died in August of 1609, Hugo Grotius wrote a Latin poem of 86 scazontes (limping iambics) to commemorate him. His poem was published in two pro-Arminian pamphlets of 1609 with Latin writings by various authors. This chapter outlines the social and historical context in which the poem appeared in both the Dutch Republic and England. It illustrates the points of view about matters of theology that the readers of Grotius's poem held. An analysis of the text of the poem establishes what point of view the poet put across to the readers. Finally it is possible to determine how and to what extent this poem was used to advocate the Arminian case in the Dutch Republic and in England. Keywords: Dutch Republic; England; Hugo Grotius; Jacobus Arminius; Latin poem; Leiden professor; theology


Climate warming is increasing maximum temperatures during summer such that they more frequently exceed the thermal tolerances of ectotherms, particularly cold‐water fishes. One way that species can avoid thermal stress is by moving to thermal refuge habitats. Thermal refuges remain suitably cool during summer and are often complementary to foraging, spawning, and rearing habitats. Although the benefits associated with the thermal aspects of refuges are well studied, much less is known about potential costs associated with nonthermal aspects. For example, crowding of cold‐water fishes into seasonal refuge habitats could increase parasite loads and cause declines in fitness. We assessed lamprey and anchor worm parasitism in Upper Klamath Lake where adfluvial redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii) move to thermal refuge habitats during summer. We sampled trout in Upper Klamath Lake during spring and in adjacent thermal refuge habitats during summer. We also evaluated survival as a function of lamprey wounding using motion‐sensing radio tags. There was a fourfold decline in the number of lamprey wounds on trout upon the onset of thermal refuge use. In contrast, cases of severe anchor worm (≥20 sores) increased threefold during thermal refuge use. Survival in thermal refuge was not different for lamprey‐wounded trout than for trout that migrated to thermal refuge without lamprey wounds. We found that both parasites were absent in a lotic population of redband trout downstream that lacked access to thermal refuge. Thus, the effects of seasonal refuge use on parasite load varied depending on the parasite taxon considered and local habitat conditions, implying that managers will likely require empirical data for focal habitats and taxa to understand how parasitism affects thermal refuge use.


This review encompasses all aspects of recent C‐Reactive protein studies. Emphasis has been in the areas of (1) the physical, chemical, and potential functions of C‐Reactive protein; and (2) the pass and recent procedures of C‐Reactive protein analysis relative to simplicity and sensitivity. The responses of C‐Reactive protein in various diseases and its future prospects are also discussed in this review.


Since the reform and opening to outside world,great progress and positive development in our country have been made in the field of ideological and moral construction,but at the same time,the keynote value is fading;the moral relativism is prevailing;the standard of good and evil,honor and disgrace is distorted.All these problems show that the inherent power mechanism of ideological and moral construction is weakened and deconstructed in the great and substantial social changes.As the spiritual connection for constructing the harmonious society,socialist view on honor and disgrace is a supplement and revision to the imperfect cultural conception of unidirectional development mode.Ideological and moral construction guided by the socialist view on honor and disgrace should take the power mechanism into account.Moreover,it is critical that we should uplift the public decency and make the individual good and human.


Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian sedimentary rocks extend along the periphery of the northern Sydney Basin, a sub‐basin of the Sydney‐Gunnedah‐Bowen Basin complex. The basin contains basal basalts and volcanic sediments deposited in a nascent rift zone. This rift zone was created through crustal thinning during trench rollback on the eastern edge of the New England Orogen. Thermal subsidence created accommodation for predominantly marine Dalwood Group sediments. Clastic sedimentation then occurred in the Maitland‐Cessnock‐Greta Coalfield and Cranky Corner Basin during the Early Permian. This occurred on a broad shelf undergoing renewed thermal subsidence on the margin of a rift flank of the Tamworth Belt of the southern New England Orogen. Braidplain fans prograded or aggraded in two depositional sequences. The first sequence commences near the top of the Farley Formation and includes part of the Greta Coal Measures, while the second sequence includes the majority of the Greta Coal Measures and basal Branxton Formation. Thin, areally restricted mires formed during interludes in a high sedimentation regime in the lowstand systems tracts. As base‐level rose, areally extensive mires developed on the transgressive surface of both sequences. A paludal to estuarine facies changed to a shallow‐marine facies as the braidplain was transgressed. The transgressive systems tracts continued to develop with rising relative sea‐level. Renewed uplift in the hinterland resulted in the erosion of part of the transgressive systems tract and all of the highstand systems tract of the lower sequence. In the upper sequence a reduction in relative sea‐level rise saw the development of a deltaic to nearshore shelf highstand systems tract. Extensional dynamics caused a fall in relative base‐level and the development of a sequence boundary in the Branxton Formation. Finally, renewed thermal subsidence created accommodation for the overlying, predominantly marine Maitland Group.


Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 75 kDa glycoprotein synthesized in the liver whose plasma concentration is 100-150 μg/ml. HRG has been shown to modulate sepsis-related biological reactions by binding to several substances and cells, including heparin, factor XII, fibrinogen, thrombospondin, plasminogen, C1q, IgG, heme, LPS, dead cells, bacteria, and fungi. Therefore, reduction of plasma HRG levels in sepsis leads to dysregulation of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and immune response, resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure. This review summarizes the binding and functional properties of HRG in sepsis.


There is an increase in population every year. With this rise in population, the demand for food is rapidly increasing. But agriculture is still done by the traditional method. Spraying is done by labor carrying back type sprayer. These traditional spraying is not so profitable and is also time-consuming. To increase the productivity the agricultural advancement is inescapable. But using bulky and expensive electrical sprayers is expensive and inefficient. To overcome these problems a mechanism mounted on a vehicle for spraying is introduced which can increase productivity and also is inexpensive compared to the electrical sprayers.


Background Expedited partner therapy (EPT) is the clinical practice of treating the sex partners of patients diagnosed with chlamydial infection (CT) or gonococcal infection (GC) without the health care provider first examining the partner. Based on scientific evidence gleaned from numerous studies, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has concluded that EPT is a useful option to facilitate partner treatment and should therefore be available to health care providers as an additional strategy for partner management. 1 Several EPT models are currently practiced nationwide, including patient-delivered partner therapy (where patients deliver medication or a prescription to their sex partners) and field-delivered partner therapy (where a public health worker delivers medication to partners in a non-clinical setting). 2


Germination of some dormant seeds is promoted by solutions of thiourea, sodium nitrite, and hydroxylamine salts. The promotions are accompanied by irreversible inhibition of catalase (EC 188.8.131.52) in extracts from the seeds. The seeds are also promoted in germination by catechol and pyrogallol solutions. These effects are recorded for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids) and pigweed (Amaranthus albus L.) seeds. The results indicate that metabolically derived hydrogen peroxide, spared from decomposition by catalase inhibition, oxidizes reduced NADPH required as the oxidant in the pentose pathway of glucose use. The metabolic system for such use of H202 involves the enzymes, peroxidase (EC 18.104.22.168) and pyridine nucleotide quinone oxidoreductase (EC 220.127.116.11), which are present in the dormant seed prior to imbibition of water. Some viable seeds fail to germinate at favorable temperatures when they imbibe water and are held in darkness. This arrest of development, or dormancy, is a major factor in survival of plant species and is a main reason for persistence of weeds in cultivated fields. The dormancy can hold for millennia, but it can often be broken in a few moments when there is a change in the form of phytochrome by light (1). Sometimes it can be broken when the seeds imbibe solutions of any of several compounds, notably nitrates, nitrites, hydroxylamines, and thiourea. Their effectiveness has long raised questions about how they act to break dormancies. Previous work by others (2) indicates that change from dormant to germinating seeds is often accompanied by an increased functioning of the pentose-phosphate pathway of glucose use. The uptake and properties of the several promotive compounds, particularly their interaction with hemoproteins in vitro, suggest that inhibition of catalase (EC 184.108.40.206; hydrogen-peroxide: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase) activity favors the pentose-phosphate pathway (3). This possibility was supported by the presence of several enzymes in the dry seeds that could serve to couple H202, spared by catalase inhibition, to D-glucose-6-phosphate oxidation. We extend the observations to include action of thiourea on two kinds of seeds, and demonstrate that catalase is irreversibly inhibited in vivo by the several compounds. This work and current observations by others suggest operation of the metabolic network shown in Fig. 1. This network affords a way for eventual reoxidation by oxygen of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to NADP+ required in the pentose-phosphate pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Germination tests and enzymic activity measurements on seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids) and pigweed (Amaranthus alblus L.) followed described procedures (3) in common use. Duplicate lots of 100 seeds were held saturated at a favorable temperature in darkness, except for a 10-min exposure to radiation >690 nm after 3-5 hr of imbibition by the pigweed seeds in order to reduce the germination in darkness. To enhance comparabilities of enzymic assays, 0.25-g lots of treated seeds were wet-ground for 2 min with 100 mesh A1203 and 3 ml of 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) in a single Ten Broeck unit and then transferred to centrifuge tubes with three successive 1-ml lots of buffer. First-order rate constants for loss of H202 by catalase or peroxidase (EC 188.8.131.52) activity were measured on the centrifuged extracts of seeds saturated with water or solutions of thiourea, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, or sodium nitrite at several concentrations. Initial rates of H202 108s per mg of protein-min-' are reported for activity in 8 mM H202 solutions for catalase and 0.9 mM H202 for peroxidase. Protein was determined by fluorescence of conjugated fluorescamine (4-phenyl spiro [furon-2(3H),l'-phthalan]3,3'-dione) (4). Free amino acids, which react with fluorescamine, were not removed because they were approximately constant and low n amount relative to free amino groups of extracted protein. i RESULTS Extracted catalase activities of seeds saturated for 0-24 hr with water were approximately constant with values of 8.3 ± 0.14 and 10.6 4 0.30 itmol of H202 lost per mg of protein-min-' for lettuce and pigweed, respectively. PerH20+'/202 NAD++ATP3 Substates Ir~bitorsz4tf Substrate -H202\ NADP D-GIuosP Oxidation '~'c F~ H20A PADRIos5P tki 4A+ 1+1C02 Quinones Gemination FIG. 1. A part of the postulated reaction network involved in promotion of dormant seed germination by thiourea, hydroxylamines, nitrites, and other inhibitors of catalase enzymic activities. The several designated enzymes are (a) EC 220.127.116.11, nglucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase; (b) EC 220.127.116.11, 6-phospho-D-gluconate-5-lactone hydrolase; (c) EC 184.108.40.206, 6phospho-i-gluconate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating); (d) EC 22.214.171.124, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase; (e) EC 188.8.131.52, peroxidase; (f) EC 220.127.116.11, catalase; (g) EC 220.127.116.11, ATP:NAD + 2'-phosphotransferase. The endogenous quinone substrates of (d) and (e) are unknown. Dotted arrows indicate materials supplied in the ambient media.


This study compared farm production, crop yield, input cost, and income in organic and conventional farming systems in three states of India: Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. The results showed that organic farming reduced the input cost without affecting the net margin in all three states. Total food production was found to be comparable for the two systems in two of three states. While yield of rice and wheat generally was lower under the organic systems, yield from intercropping food crops was generally higher. The number of agro-ecological methods and percentage of farms practicing different agro-ecological methods were higher under organic systems than conventional systems. These results suggest that organic farming has the potential to improve food security of small farmers by reducing indebtedness due to the lower cost of production without affecting total farm production and farm income.


Background: This study purposed to analyze the effects of metabolic syndrome on the total medical charge of patients. Methods: 2013 National Health Insurance Service sample research database (eligibility database, medical database, and health examination database) was used for this study. Gamma regression was applied to analyze the effects of metabolic syndrome on the total medical charge and logistic regression was used to determine the probability of medical charge which was higher than the third quartile. Sociodemographic characteristics (age and household income), health behavior factors (smoking, drinking, exercise, and body mass index), and disease related factors (family history and metabolic syndrome) were included as the independent variables. Results: people who had metabolic syndrome spent more medical expenses than those without metabolic syndrome both in man and woman group. The standard regression coefficient was 0.09 (p<0.001) in man with metabolic syndrome and 0.16 (p<0.001) in woman. In addition, woman with metabolic syndrome spent more than the third quartile of medical charge. The odds ratios was 1.04 (p=0.16) for man with metabolic syndrome and 1.18 (p=0.013) for woman. Conclusion: people with metabolic syndrome spent more medical charge, so it will need to consider policy interventions for preventing the incidence and management of metabolic syndrome in Korean people.


This paper presents a widely tunable analog Mexican hat wavelet filter for ECG signal analysis. The Mexican hat function is implemented as a difference of two Gaussian low-pass filters each of which is implemented as a cascade of switched capacitor low-pass filters. The Mexican hat scale can easily be tuned across a wide range, from frequency bandwidths of a couple of Hz to few KHz, by changing the clock frequency of the switched capacitor circuits. The proposed circuit is implemented using TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process. Compared to the ideal Mexican hat impulse response the proposed implementation shows a mean square error (MSE) of 0.26–2% only over the entire tuning range.


The aerodynamic efficiency of mildly swept wings is mainly influenced by the characteristics of the airfoil sections. The specific design of airfoils is therefore one of the classical tasks of aerodynamics. Since the airfoil characteristics are directly dependent on the inviscid pressure distribution the application of inverse calculation methods is obvious. The direct numerical airfoil optimization offers an alternative to the manual design and attracts increasing interest.


AIM: To observe the treatment effects of metformin combined with clomiphene citrate (CC) on CC resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: The patients with CC resistant POCS were first given metformin for 2 months, then given metformin and CC for 3 cycles, during which time the patients' sexual hormone changes, ovarian follicular development, endometrial thickness and their patterns, and pregnancy rate were observed and the results were compared with those of simple CC cycles. RESULTS: There were 19 cases of CC resistant PCOS among the 87 PCOPS patients. After the treatment of metformin for 2 months the patients' LH and T levels declined and E2 level rose (P0.01). In the following 3 treatment cycles of metformin and CC, 9-14 mm of thickness and A pattern of endometrium increased, ovulation rate was 35% and pregnancy rate was 32%. These changes were very significant compared with those of simple CC cycles ( P0.01 ). CONCLUSION: Metformin combined with CC is an effective treatment for CC resistant PCOS.


To assess if uninterrupted anticoagulant agents' administration affects blood loss and blood transfusion during open radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion.


The interaction among futures and spot markets has been one of the most important issues of the financial markets since the launch of stock index futures by Kansas City Board of Trade in 1982. The main characteristics of derivatives such as having lower transaction costs, higher leverage, higher liquidity and higher flexibility compared to spot markets make them attractive for investors. Besides, derivatives trading are crucial for financial system participants in order to diversify portfolio and minimise risks. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of derivative securities by providing evidence from an emerging stock market, Turkey. In order to emphasize the need for derivatives in the Turkish market, the impact of introduction of index futures and index options trading on the underlying spot market volatility are empirically analysed. Conditional and unconditional volatility of Borsa Istanbul 30 Index is examined using GARCH model starting from its first trade day of January 2, 1997.


Part 1 Foreign banks in international banking operations: national treatment versus reciprocity in international banking - United States and the European Community GATT and foreign banking as a trade in service standards and administrative practice regarding treatment of foreign banks in the United States creating an international financial centre - the case of Taiwan, Republic of China. Part 2 International banking and private law: international insolvency - a case study and treatment governing law issues in international financial transactions current issues in participation and other co-lending arrangements - an American viewpoint impact of recent corporation collapses on negotiating and drafting syndicated loans UNCITRAL developments and banking operations.


In this work we consider heterotic-gravity as the low-energy approximation to heterotic string theory. We define a consistent non-relativistic limit of heterotic gravity that includes the Yang-Mills Chern-Simons term. We perform three tests on the heterotic limit: we use it to (i) derive the non-relativistic transformation rules, (ii) show the existence of a finite non-relativistic heterotic action and (iii) obtain the longitudinal non-relativistic T-duality rules. We show that in all these cases the limit procedure is well defined, free of divergences and leads to consistent non-trivial results. We comment on the interpretation of the T-duality rules in terms of a heterotic non-relativistic geometry underlying non-relativistic heterotic string theory.


Memorization is essential when new knowledge is based on association with existing knowledge. It is key in acquiring logographic languages, such as Chinese and Japanese. Such languages present challenges to students possessed of alphabet-based mother tongues. To meet these challenges, we discuss a technology-enhanced learning method to address the needs of second language learners and support the development of appropriate logographic skills. Our novel approach facilitates the memorization of pictograms through the augmented method of loci. We detail augmented method of loci, discuss its wide impact in a range of disciplines, and provide a case study of its application.


The main purpose of this work is to study the corrosion of N80 steel in a concentrated tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) solution at different temperatures and to evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance of relevant chemicals for N80 steel in this solution. This study employed the methods of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The temperature had a significant influence on the corrosion rate of N80 in solution. Specifically, the corrosion rate was moderate at low temperatures, but increased dramatically when the temperature exceeded 90  C. At a temperature of 120  C, the rate was as high as 731 mpy. Among the chemicals investigated, dichromates and vanadates showed excellent inhibition performance. The inhibition induced by vanadates was mainly due to the promotion of carbon steel passivation. In the presence of 0.5 wt. % vanadate, the corrosion rate of N80 steel can be controlled to less than 3 mpy at a temperature of 120  C.


Background: Antibiotic overuse leading to increasing antibiotic resistance has been a growing concern. Patients presenting with acute respiratory tract infections (RTI) are often started empirically on antibiotics and continued for days, unless confirmatory results are reported by microbiological testing. Procalcitonin is a serum inflammatory marker that increases in bacterial infections and is utilized as an adjunct to help differentiate viral versus bacterial pneumonia. Procalcitonin-guided management is associated with significantly lower antibiotic exposure and mortality. No studies exist in literature that assess the appropriate utilization of negative procalcitonin test for antibiotic discontinuation. This study assesses utilization of a negative PCT (<0.25 ng/ml) to guide antibiotic discontinuation in patients with pneumonia in a community hospital. Methods:Retrospective observational study including adult patients admitted to our community hospital in 1 year (July 2019-June 2020) with diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia and started on empiric antibiotic therapy and had procalcitonin levels checked. Our hypothesis was that PCT is not being appropriately used for discontinuation of antibiotics and that rate of discontinuation of antibiotics will be less despite a negative PCT. Statistical analysis was performed using XLSTAT. Categorical variables were represented by frequencies and proportions and compared using Chi-square and z test for two proportions. Results: 516 charts were reviewed. After excluding missing data, 176 patients were included. 100 patients had negative PCT. Antibiotics were discontinued in 16% of patients with negative PCT, compared to 58% (p<0.0001), in whom antibiotics were continued without any other indication (including UTI, severe COPD exacerbation, COVID pneumonia) despite a negative PCT. The difference between the percentage of antibiotic discontinuation in our PCT guided treatment sample (9%, n=16/176) was also found to be statistically significant (p< 0.001) compared to percentage of antibiotic discontinuation in population using data from a meta-analysis of 7 RCTs (42%, n=698/1658).1 Conclusion:Previous studies have shown that procalcitonin guided treatment aids in decreasing antibiotic exposure. In lower respiratory tract infections, clinicians order PCT test to aid in differentiating viral versus bacterial etiology and ultimately help guide antibiotic therapy. Our data analysis reveals that despite negative PCT, thus indicating a likely viral etiology, clinicians are not consistently making changes to empiric antibiotic use. This study addresses need for further recommendations from antibiotic stewardship programs regarding procalcitonin-guided antibiotic use and prevent unnecessary ordering of PCT test.


The purpose of the paper is to determine the prospects of the market of organic products in Ukraine. The article studies the market for organic produce dynamic area of organic farmland, number of organic farms in volume production of organic products. Identified key factors influencing the market for organic products Ukraine, outlined areas of the market based on its current state. Grain industry serves as a source of sustainable development of agriculture, determines the socio-economic condition of society and is the basis of agricultural exports. Therefore, the development of the organic market of grain and its products are of particular importance and led to the goal and objectives of bottom investigation. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are works of economists on the development of ecology management, general scientific methods and approaches in the field of business management: historical, dialectical, abstract logical methods of system-structural analysis and synthesis of scientific research and provision of economic theory, management. Results. Proved that Ukraine has considerable potential as a producer of agricultural products, including organic farming, export, consumption in the domestic market. To determine the market trends of organic products studied the dynamics of agricultural surfaces of Ukraine, reserved for growing organic products. To further study the characteristics and trends of the market for organic products in Ukraine, examined the dynamics of the number of organic farms. For determining the main trends and the prospects of the organic products market, and in addition for researching proposals, examined demand for market research of market demand for organic products in terms of production of organic products in Ukraine. Practical implications. The main problem of Ukraine of organic production is exported domestic products as organic production of agricultural products. Analysis of key market trends of organic products allowed coming to the conclusion that the market is developing and if current trends continue, it will lead to its development in the future; however, organic market Ukraine is now at the initial stage of development over the lack of effective legislative framework for regulation areas of organic production. Value/originality. So, for proper legal regulation and implementation of a balanced policy towards organic production, namely uniform requirements and rules for organic production, unified system of certification, certification and labeling of organic products will increase growth of organic products market and it ranks will high in the food security of Ukraine, and with the agricultural potential of the country Ukraine will reach the leading position in the global market of organic products.


Long noncoding RNAs represent a large, new class of gene expression regulators Advances in genomic analysis technologies have uncovered new classes of regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in mammals and many other complex organisms [1-3]. Unlike messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which may participate in regulation of gene expression through protein intermediaries, ncRNAs are postulated to represent a vast regulatory layer that functions more directly. This network includes both microRNAs (miRNAs), a large group of small regulatory RNAs that have been characterized extensively, and long ncRNAs (>200 nt), which have emerged as a focus of biological research.


The sense of value is the core of intercultural communication.Individualism and collectivism is one of the most important differences when comparing eastern and western sense of value.Address forms are the most widely and frequently used words which were greatly influenced by individualism and collectivism.


Through the observation of the surface of scale produced in K_2CO_3 production process and analysis of its elements with the help of the low vacuum scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy spectrometer,it is concluded that the formation of the scale is related to the source of the raw material,types of cathode,the temperature in the production process and resins.So the chemical cleaning process for the scale removal is made.


OPF is an optimization problem, in which the effectiveness strives to minimize its generation costs while satisfying all its equality and inequality constraints, while the system is operating within its security limits. This paper proposes a Genetic Algorithm Optimal Power Flow (GAOPF) problem on the use of a genetic algorithm load flow. This approach overcomes the limitations of the conventional approaches in the modeling of non-convex cost functions, discrete control variables, and prohibited unit-operating zones. The paper concludes that the proposed scheme is effective for the real network situation in developing countries. straightforward manner. The optimal power flow can be analyzed by formulating the problem in a mathematical manner using some mathematical algorithm. Recent attempts of these mathematical programming approaches include the application of simulated annealing-type methods (7-8), and genetic algorithms (GAs) etc., (9-10). GAs is essentially search algorithm based on mechanics of nature and natural genetics (11). They combine solution evaluation with randomized, structured exchanges of information between solutions to obtain optimality. GAs is a robust method because restrictions on solution space are not made during the process. The power of GAs stem from its ability to exploit historical information structures from previous solution guesses in an attempt to increase performance of future solutions (12). This paper proposes a Genetic Algorithm Optimal Power Flow (GAOPF) problem on the use of a genetic algorithm load flow. This approach overcomes the limitations of the conventional approaches in the modeling of non-convex cost functions, discrete control variables, and prohibited unit-operating zones. However, they do not scale easily to larger problems, since the solution deteriorates with the increase of the chromosome length, i.e., the number of control variables The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 gives the basic model of UPFC system. Genetic algorithm optimal power flow is discussed in section 3. Results are shown in section 4 and conclusions are discussed in section 5.


[Objective]To observe the sea Piao left gold pill combined triple therapy treatment the curative effect of helicobacter pylori infection. [Methods]Using random parallel control method, 220 cases of clinic patients into two groups according to random number table method. The control group, 110 cases of triple therapy, orchid sola, 30 mg/time, 2 times/d. Clarithromycin, 500 mg/times, 2 times/d. Amoxicillin, 1 g/times, 2 times/d. Treatment group, 110 cases of sea Piao left gold pill(Haipiaoxiao30g, Huanglian10g, Wuzhuyu 5g; stomach hot or humid Pugongying 15g, Fuchaozhike, Dannanxing, Zhuru each 10g, Cheqiancao, Biandouhua every 30g; gastric heat or stomach Yin deficiency plus Pugongying15g, Yuzhu,Shengdi, Zhimu, Shashen each 10g, Biandouhau 30g, Shanyao 20g, spleen and stomach weak Dangshen 20g, Fuling, Chenpi, Chaobaizhu each 10g, Sharen 5g, Yiyiren, Biandouhua every 30g). 1/d, boiling water 120 ml, oral sooner or later. Western medicine treatment with the control group. Continuous treatment of 10 d to 1 course of treatment. Observation of clinical symptoms, 14 c-UBT detection, adverse reactions. Treatment as a course(10 d), to determine the clinical curative effect. [Results]The treatment group 76 cases cured, 16 cases, 18 cases ineffective, the total effective rate was 83.64%. Control group 48 cases, recovery effectively and 27 cases, 35 cases ineffective, the total effective rate was 68.18%. The treatment group curative effect is better than that of control group(P0.05).[Conclusion]The sea Piao left gold pill combined triple therapy in the treatment of helicobacter pylori infection effect is remarkable, is worth promoting.


The article presents the results of treatment of 68 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastric resection (LSG) and laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGB) at the period from 2014 to 2015. The efficacy of operations on the course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was estimated. There were performed a liver biopsy and histological studies with determination of histological activity index, the rate of severity of fibrosis according R. G. Knodell scale and METAVIR system, nature and degree of manifestation of steatosis of hepatocytes and intrahepatic cholestasis. NAS activity scale was used to evaluate morphological changes. The results of 1,5-year follow-up study were assessed in dynamics. Fibro Test results were in the range from 0 to 1 depending of fibrosis severity using METAVIR system (from F0 to F4), Knodell and Ishak scales. It was stated that there was an improvement of histological and functional findings in cases of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. All the patients (100%) initially had the signs of NAFLD and 12 patients (22,6%) - fibrosis. The complete regression of NAFLD was noted in 43(81,1%) cases and signs of previous fibrosis were smoothed over in 6 patients (41%). Liver function tests have deteriorated at 6-month period, but tests improved to normal rates at the end of 1-year period. The bariatric surgeries are effective methods of NAFLD treatment and Fibro Test is non-invasive and reliable method of liver state assessment.


Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on thenon-invasive nasal sinus mycosis. Method 26 cases with non-invasive nasal sinus mycosis were analyzedretrospectively. All of them had undergone ESS. Result In the follow up of 6 months to 5 years, allcases were cured. Conclusion ESS can excise the locus thoroughly with a slight injury. ESS is asatisfactory surgical way to treat the non-invasive nasal sinus mycosis.


The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize green marketing strategies in the food industry by taking sustainability goals into consideration since it is very difficult to prioritize and select green marketing strategies when considering sustainability criteria in their implementation. Therefore, it is necessary to use an appropriate solution to prioritize these strategies. For this purpose, sustainability criteria and green marketing strategies are recognized. Then, sustainability criteria are screened using the fuzzy Delphi method. Subsequently, using the fuzzy stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis method, the criteria are weighted according to expert recommendations. Next, green marketing strategies in the Iranian food industry are ranked using several fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making methods: fuzzy additive ratio assessment, fuzzy complex proportional assessment, fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution, and fuzzy Viekriterijumsko Kompromisno Rangiranje methods. Finally, the results are integrated with the help of the Copeland method to choose the best strategies. The results indicated that the criteria of 'minimizing waste', 'minimizing environmental impacts', and 'consumer participation' had the highest weight. In addition, the strategies for the 'development of waste reduction technology, 'development of market research to detect green needs', and 'use of recycled or reusable materials in products' received a higher rank.


Explaining strategies of political action committee (PAC) contributions to candidates takes two forms. Scholars emphasize either PAC or candidate characteristics as having more explanatory power over variation in PAC contributions, and this choice results in different expectations for PAC contribution patterns. Using California fruit, nut, and wine PACs, this research revisits a much-debated question: Why do PACs give to some candidates and not others? The findings indicate a mediated model best explains PAC contributions, as these PACs contribute money according to legislator characteristics but predominantly within the state of California.


Severe sepsis is a very common and important cause of morbidity and mortality in the older population, and its incidence has increased in the last 10 years [1]. It is estimated that about 750 000 patients per year develop severe sepsis in the US, of which nearly 60% are >65 years-of-age [2,3]. This is also reflected in the changing demographics of intensive care units (ICUs), where nearly two-thirds of beds are occupied by those >65 years old [3]. Aging patients account for 40–50% of all cases of bacteremia, and the overall case fatality rate for older patients with bacteremia ranges from 40–60%, or higher when Gram-negative organisms are involved [4,5,6]. This segment of the population will increase significantly over the coming years, driving an increase in the amount of resources used on these patients, who are thought to have a shortened life span [7]. This review analyzes the characteristics of older patients, discusses the unique aspects of severe sepsis in this increasingly important segment of our society, and provides a better understanding of the special needs of these patients. We also outline areas of future research that might improve outcomes in this patient population.


With the deepening of the industrialization process, China has become the largest energy consumer in the world. The energy consumption structure featuring high carbon emissions has caused annual increases in carbon dioxide emissions, a situation which has placed growing international pressure on China to bring about reductions. Shaanxi province, as the core of economic development in the western region and because of its special geographical environment and natural resources, has an economic development ABSTRACT Can different economic development levels cause different carbon emissions, which being accordance to Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis? This paper says 'yes' and utilizes a vector autoregression (VAR) model which focuses on different energy types, economic growth and carbon emissions, based on empirical data. The results show that when area's growth suffers a positive impulse, the trend of carbon emissions will rise firstly and then decline, and the relationship of them is an inverted "U" type of Kuznets curve.


Background: Long-term therapy with chronic maintenance medication is essential for reducing risks of disease progression, comorbidity, and mortality. A correct adherence and use of the medication are prerequisite for reducing these risks. Medication literacy (ML) is the specific ability to safely access and understand the information available concerning medication, and act accordingly.Methods: To investigate the ML in a community pharmacy of older users in order to study the factors that are associated with inadequate literacy. A total of 400 patients were analyzed to assess the level of ML (document and numeracy) through the MedLitRxSE tool.Results: Our study showed that 66% had an inadequate-ML. Women were a high frequency of inadequate-ML respect to men (70.1% and 29.9%). Users over 65 years with chronic diseases showed a high frequency of inadequate-ML (76.5%) in both sexes (P<0.001).Conclusions: Older users, those with primary or any studies as well as patients taking many medicines for chronic diseases showed a significantly lower level of ML. Health professionals and managers should adopt new strategies that allow to prevent and reduce the errors in the handling of the medicines and avoiding the undesirable effects of a misuse in older patients.


The most-popular root canal filling materials for primary teeth are zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), iodoform paste, and calcium hydroxide. Root canal filling materials need to be biocompatible with the periapical tissue. There are few papers which indicate the mechanism of cellular change of root canal filling materials. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cellular changes of a ZOE with formocresol (FC) and Vitapex-treated human osteosarcoma cell line. The ZOE powder mixed with the FC liquid and Vitapex alone were eluted in culture medium. The elution solutions were used to treat the human osteosarcoma cell line. The MTT assay was used to investigate the survival rate of U2OS cells. Western blot assay was used to compare the c-jun N terminal kinase (JNK) expression. One way ANOVA was used to compare the survival difference with p < 0.05 accepted as statistically significant. The result showed that the ZOE sealer was toxic to U2OS cells (p < 0.05). Vitapex was biocompatible with U2OS cells. JNK kinase expression was seen only in the ZOE with FC group. We concluded that ZOE with FC is not biocompatible with U2OS cells, and cell death occurred by apoptosis. Clinically, we suggest that Vitapex is a good choice for a primary tooth root canal filling material. (Chin Dent J, 24(1):28-34, 2005)


Application of an interferometer method previously used for determining the relative solubility of optical glasses, to a glass which is commonly used for making glass electrodes, gave results leading to the following conclusions: 1. The solubility increases rapidly as the pH of most solutions increases above 8.5 or 9. 2. At all values below pH 7 for the solutions investigated (except 10 N H 2SO,) this glass exhibits a slight swelling. 3. The rate of swelling is repressed in the acid region beyond pH 2. 4. At intermediate pH values 3.1 to 4.0 the rate of swelling is repressed by high concentrations of magnesium suUate. Considering these conclusions in connection with the performance of glass electrodes, these regions of marked solubility change correspond to the regions of pronounced voltage departures exhibited by electrodes made from this glass. That the anomalies of the glass electrode are definitely associated with the solubility of the glass has been further demonstrated both by the use of glasses which do not exhibit swelling in the acid range, (and hence no detectable change of swelling in the "super-acid region"), and by measurements made in alkaline solutions, such as aqueous ammonia, in which soluble silicates are not formed. Under these circumstances the voltage departures are greatly decreased or completely eliminated. For every case investigated, voltage departures of the glass electrode have been found to be accompanied by changes in the solubility of the glass. CONTENTS Pae-e


The invention relates to a speed reduction method for a jet engine of a motorcycle, comprising the steps of speed reducing, high rotating speed detecting, first controlling, low rotating speed detecting, second controlling and idle speed controlling. The reduction amplitude of the rotating speed of the engine is judged in the first controlling step, and then the fuel oil injection strategy for anelectronic control unit is determined, so that when the motorcycle slows down, no excessive fuel oil is injected into the engine, the fuel oil waste is effectively reduced, the exhaust pollution is lowered, and the oil sediment on an exhaust pipe is avoided; in addition, in the second controlling step and the idle speed controlling step, the amount of fuel oil injected to the engine is controlled, the case that engine flameout caused by lack of fuel oil in the process of speed reducing and speed idling is prevented, thus to effectively improve the ride marketability of the motorcycle.


this fourth and final installment of our series designed to get you started in modeling with NEC, we'll look at two disparate areas of modeling. The first arena involves a pair of auxiliary facilities built into NEC: the ability to model reactive (capacitive and/or inductive) loads and the ability to model transmission lines—both within limits. The second area is composed of model testing and some of the limits within which successful modeling occurs. Some words of caution will be a good way to conclude our preliminary survey. As we have done in the first three parts, we'll focus on NEC-2 and two commercial implementations: EZNEC 3.0 and NEC-Win Plus.


The soil moisture and salinity distribution in the plant roots zone by the quantities of water added and the irrigation systems used. A field experiment was carried out in the sandy soil in the field of experiments of the Research and Production Station of the National Research Center in Nubaria Region, El-Buhaira province in the agricultural season 2017/2018. Is a study of the distribution of moisture and salts using different systems of drip irrigation at different depths of the soil 10, 20, 30 cm, under three water amounts a treatment from the field capacity, control 100, 75; 50%. The results were summarized as follows: There is a clear variation in the forms of moisture distribution between the various water treatments and also in the different soil depths where the treatment was 100% the largest in the values of soil moisture followed by the treatment 75% and less under the treatment 50% while the depth of 30 cm is the largest in the value of soil moisture followed by the depth of 20 cm and the lowest soil moisture value was in depth 10 cm, and the distribution of salts in contrast to this arrangement under both water treatments and different depths with no significant variation in the values of salts under both study factors. Interaction was the largest between both different drip irrigation systems and water treatments, while the effects of between 75% and 50% of the irrigation process was used to provide large saving in water quantities of irrigation water by 25% and 50% respectively. The treatments were the best in terms of distribution of moisture and salts under different drip irrigation systems.


To overcome the ravages of insects on crops and other agricultural products, chemical pesticides came into being and heralded a new era in practice of pest control. Internationally many scientists believe that several common pesticides capable of killing amphibians in the earth. In the present study Healthy frogs, Rana tigrina weighing 50 ± 3 gms were collected from the pond, acclimated to the laboratory conditions in large glass aquaria with water. The frogs were divided into groups of ten animals. They were exposed to different pesticide concentrations of fenvalerate, both commercial and technical grade, according to biomass ratio as suggested by Doundroff et al., (1951). The percent study increase in the activity of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AAT) was highest in brain (54.74%), followed by Muscle (48.71), Kidney (48.60), Intestine (46.22) and Liver (42.02). The changes were statistically significant. The percent study increase of activity of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT) was more in liver (63.36) followed by Kidney (47.80), Intestine (40.26) Brain (36.36) and Muscle (31.38). All the observations were statistically significant. The percent study increase of activity of Alkaline Phosphatases (ALP) was more in liver (44.20) followed by Brain (39.14), Kidney (32.22), Intestine (31.24) and Muscle (28.42). All the observations were statistically significant. In fenvalerate exposure frogs a significant increase in the activity levels in all the tissues. The elevation of enzyme activities was increased with a period of exposure of I, II and IV weeks.


The head and neck cancers are the sixth most common cause of cancer deaths. The head and neck squamous cellcarcinomas(HNSCCs) are caused by the tobacco and alcohol consumption and by the infection of high- risk types of humanpapillomavirus. Due to the lack of biomarkers for early detection and risk assessment, more than 50% of head and neck cancerpatients are often diagnosed at a late stage, and the five-year survivor rate is lower than 50%. The high-throughput analysis methodbased on the metabolomics technology has the potential to come up with tumor-associated biomarkers. This paper reviews theprogress and challenges of the metabolomics technology in its way into the biomarker discovery of the head and neck cancer, and thefuture development is also discussed.


Electrical probes were used to examine the influences of each stream on gas and liquid distributions in cross-flow zone of the shell-side in shell-and-tube heat exchanger under normal temperature and pressure. The results show that leakage flow streams have direct effects on the gas-liquid distribution characteristics. The effects are different in different flow regimes. In annular flow the penetrating effect of stream A makes the void fraction same besides a baffle. Stream E will weaken the penetrating effect obviously. In bubble flow the penetrating effect is not obvious.


Objective: To observe the curative effect of Piyan Xiaojin Decoxtion(PXD1) on Dermatitis with Shiri syndrome.Methods:TO Compare the effect of PXD1 and Kairuitan, treat for 3 days and 2 months, and observe for 1 year.Results: Those total effective rates and curative effect in 1 year were respectively: 70.48%,91.43%, 82.86% and 14.29% in treatment group; 55.56%,61.11%,51.11% and 1.11% in control group, which had significant difference in two groups( P 0.01). Meanwhile, the rate of CD 4/ CD 8 could be obviously regulated. Conclusion:PXD1 has a good effect on treating ectopic dermatitis with Shiri syndrome, and can reduce its recurrence.


By using the knowledge of artificial neural network,the application and image segmentation im image recognition are researched,the multi-layer feedforward neural network and process of BP algorithm are analysed in a detail.Sorne methods of hidden tier and hidden tier neuron chosen are introduced.Aiming at Problems of BP,variable factor BP algorithm is proposed.By adjusting network training process parameter and optimizing variable factor,the experiment proves that training speed is incteased,study effect of BP network is improved.


The evolutionary dynamics of colorectal metastasis and the role of the epigenome in disease progression remain to be fully determined. We have used multi-region, multi-omic profiling (DNA, RNA and chromatin), together with computational modelling, of a prospectively collected cohort of primary CRCs (pCRCs) and DNA and RNA analysis of a retrospective series of metastatic CRCs (mCRCs) to define pCRC biology and track clonal evolution from primary tumour to metastasis. Computational analysis of multi-region sequencing data provided a sensitive test confirming subclonal selection is rare in pCRCs. We detected substantial epigenetic rewiring at the outset of pCRC formation, implicating changes in chromatin accessibility in the initial genesis of CRCs. Using DNA to trace clonal ancestry and overlaying RNA to measure gene expression phenotypes, we observe widespread gene expression changes without underlying clonal selection, indicative that pCRC cells are phenotypically plastic. In mCRCs, we observe that the karyotype of the primary tumour is often not substantially modified in metastasis, across multiple organs, through treatment and over substantial periods of time. This is suggestive that stabilising selection, acting on copy number alterations, constrains karyotype evolution. Paired analysis of DNA and RNA in metastasis indicate that the phenotypic plasticity persists during metastatic spread. Epigenetic rewiring and phenotypic plasticity play potentially causative roles in the genesis and progression of colorectal cancer.
 Citation Format: Trevor A. Graham. The role of the epigenome and phenotypic plasticity in colorectal cancer evolution [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA024.


Abstract Aim: To assess whether plasma creatine kinase brain isoenzyme (CKBB) levels or Sarnat scores are more accurate for prediction of poor neurological outcome in babies with suspected birth asphyxia. Methods: In a retrospective study of 97 babies CKBB levels were compared to the presence of severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) as a predictive test for these outcomes: developmental delay, cerebral palsy, visual problems, deafness or death from perinatal asphyxia. The tests were compared using positive predictive values (PPV) and likelihood ratios (LR) with confidence intervals (CI) Results: 3 babies had died from perinatal asphyxia and 14 survivors were found to have neurological or developmental problems. CKBB was elevated in babies with severe HIE (p=0.0004). A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve showed the optimal discriminating value for CKBBto be 21 IU/L but theCKBB was a poor predictive test. For prediction of adverse outcome: CKBB > 21 sensitivity 76%, specificity 40%, PPV 21% and LR 1.3 (95% CI 0.8–1.7). Severe HIE sensitivity 53%, specificity 95%, PPV 69% and LR 10.6 (95% CI 3.8–29.2). Conclusion: CKBB is elevated following birth asphyxia but is a poor predictor of adverse neurological outcome.


With the rapid development of polyester fiber and its functional coating finishing technology,the problem of decrease of fastness to migration of solvent resistance of products dyed with disperse dyes is increasingly prominent. To solve the problem of fastness to thermal migration of disperse dyes in coating finishing products,finishing agent H-95 and cross-linking agent AM are used for anti-migration finishing of polyester / brocade / cotton blended fabrics first before coating finishing. This paper studies the influence of mass concentration of anti-migration agent and cross-linking agent on accompanying whiteness and staining level of polyester fabrics and analyzes and solves the problem in factory lofting. The research result shows that anti-migration finishing can effectively improve problems of polyester / brocade / cotton blended fabrics caused by the migration of disperse dyes. Appropriate anti-migration finishing process parameters are: anti-migration agent H-95 100 g / L,cross-linking agent AM 1 g / L,baking temperature 175 ℃ and time 3 min.


Films of solid solutions of Cu2MgxZn1-xSnS4(x = 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4) were obtained from precursors with different zinc and magnesium concentrations ratios by spray pyrolysis. Their structural characteristics and chemical composition have been studied. X-ray diffractometry method showed that Mg atoms are successfully embedded in the material's crystal lattice. The resulting layers contain up to 9% magnesium and have a kesterite structure. This statement is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Analysis of the results shows an improvement in the structural characteristics of the layers with an increasing concentration of Mg atoms embedded in the crystal lattice of the material. Therefore, the films of solid solution Cu2MgxZn1-xSnS4are a promising material for the absorbing layers of the third-generation solar cells.


The electromagnetic form factors of the hyperon in the time-like region are determined precisely through a dispersion-theoretical analysis of the world data for the cross section of the annihilation process e+e− → ̄ . The spectral function is represented by a superposition of narrow and broad vector meson poles. We test different scenarios for the spectral function and obtain a good description of the world data in the time-like region. The uncertainties in the extracted form factors are estimated by means of the bootstrap sampling method. The analytical continuation of the form factors to the space-like region introduces large errors due to the lack of data. When the electric radius from chiral perturbation theory is taken as a constraint, the magnetic radius is predicted as rM = 0.681±0.002 fm. We also extract various vector meson to baryon coupling constants.


The thought of the software wireless has already expanded into wireless correspondence realm.That technique depends on hardware technique of wide band and even antenna,high speed AD/DA chip,an array of programmable largescale logic,the high speed DSP numerical signal processing chip.And realization of AM modulation and demodulation are introduced,the main programming of AM modulation and demodulation algorithm based on TMS320C32DSP chip is given.Through the test that software design revolves on the software radio hardware platform,various function index signs of system all attain the request of design.


The relative phases of contributions to the primitive semiclassical S matrix arising from different trajectories obeying the appropriate stationary phase conditions are considered for systems with a single internal degree of freedom, such as the case of collinear atom-diatom scattering. It is found that the relative phases are determined by the behaviour of final action and angle functions associated with the internal degree of freedom at points where the action function has an extremum, treating these variables as functions of the initial angle. The time evolution of the action and angle functions throughout the collision process is analysed using classical mechanics. Although the angle function can change discontinuously at specific points, it is demonstrated that the primitive semiclassical S matrix varies continuously at these points. It is also shown that certain types of changes in the action and angle functions which would result in a poorly defined S matrix are precluded by the classical mechanics.


Summary. Two editions of Martius' Historia Naturalis Palmarum Part 7 are compared and correlated with the almost contemporaneous Rumphia of Blume and Palms of British India of Griffith. Present day nomenclature is indicated for all but a few problematical taxa which are discussed in footnotes.


The invention discloses multi-functional adsorbent cotton capable of increasing adbsorption efficiency. The multi-functional adsorbent cotton comprises fibrous bodies, wherein more than two kinds of fibrous bodies are provided, the fibrous bodies are spun to form a fibrous layer, functional substances and intermediate substances are attached to the surface of the fibrous layer, the functional substances are capable of adsorbing oil and organic matters, and the intermediate substances are employed to fix the functional substances on the surface of the fibrous layer. According to the multi-functional adsorbent cotton capable of increasing the adsorption efficiency disclosed by the invention, as the functional substances capable of adsorbing the oil and the organic matters are provided, selectivity is available during the adsorption process, the adbsorption to water is reduced greatly, and therefore the adsorption to an oil body and the organic matters can be improved greatly; as two different fibrous materials are employed, spaces are formed between the fibrous bodies of the fibrous materials; the spaces have higher capability of storing the adsorbed oil or organic matters. A production method of the multi-functional adsorbent cotton capable of increasing the adsorption efficiency comprises the following steps: spinning fabrics in a mixed manner to form the fibrous layer; immersing or soaking the functional substances and the intermediate substances; drying to obtain a finished product.


Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy originating from multipotential hematopoietic cells, which is characterized by clonal proliferation of abnormal blast cells in the bone marrow and failure of normal cell production. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 infection in AML patients will affect laboratory examinations to support the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the patient's prognosis. Case presentation: A 55-year- old man went to the hospital for chemotherapy and diagnosed of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Patient complains of his gingival bleeding. The results of the routine haematological examination showed pancytopenia and the patient requires blood transfusion before chemotherapy. On the third day of treatment, the patient complained of fever, after several day patient complained cough, and shortness of breath. Physical examination showed pulse 100x/minutes, respiratory rate 26x/minutes, temperature 39.8˚C, crackles of the lungs. RT-PCR examination from nasopharyngeal swab showed a positive SARS-CoV-2. During treatment, the laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, increased D-Dimer, C-reactive protein, ferritin and procalcitonin. After the 42th day of treatment, the patient had clinical improvement, the fifth evaluation swab showed a negative RT-PCR result. Conclusion: AML patients have a higher risk of infection, especially COVID-19 infection. Correct laboratory examinations and treatment will promote a better prognosis. It is necessary to educate leukemic patients so that they always take precautions against infection, especially the prevention of COVID-19.


Man communicates with his fellow man, not only with speech but also with a number of expression-movements. Whether these signals belong to an innate repertoire of motor patterns which are not learned is a point of controversy. Geh1en is of the opinion that, except per haps for a few reflexes of the newborn, there are no innate behavior patterns in man [14]. A similar view was expressed by Montagu [21], while Birdwhiste11 specifically emphasized that there are no inherited facial expressions and gestures in man, and that therefore differences are found trans culturally [4,5). Birdwhiste11 is very firm about this point, although in his publications concerning cross-cultural evidence he only makes statements. On the other hand, Darwin already pointed out in 1872 that there are inborn expression-movements in man which occur transcu1tura11y, and his opinion has since been widely accepted [3,13]. If we examine the question whether genetically pre-programmed motor patterns can be found in human social behavior from an ethological point of view, we must be aware of the theoretical and practical importance of the answer [8]. In order not to be misunderstood, may I briefly define what ethologists mean by the term "innate" or inherited". (For detailed discussions see 8,20). If we observe a newly hatched duckling, we find that the animal performs a number of well-coordinated acts. It can walk, sift mud with its beak, preen itself and swim. It will de monstrate these innate skills even if brooded by a chicken foster mother. And, vice versa, a chick will never show an inclination to dabble in the mud, even if its foster-mother is a duck. We must there fore assume that the animals inherited these adaptive behavior pat terns; or more precisely. they developed the neuronal structures


• Hyperlactatemia occurred in a 74-year-old woman with pustular psoriasis and pronounced leukocytosis. Her plasma lactate level mirrored the progress of her pustular psoriasis and leukocytosis. ( Arch Dermatol 1982;118:432-433)


The invention discloses a method for producing wet-process phosphoric acid by utilizing low-grade phosphorite. The method is characterized by adopting a two-step reaction and backwashing method and specifically comprises the steps of: in first-step reaction, decomposing phosphorite with phosphoric acid in an extraction tank, and removing residues through solid-liquid separation to obtain clear liquid; and in the second-step reaction, reacting the extracted clear liquid with sulfuric acid in a reactor to generate calcium sulphate dihydrate crystal (ardealite) and phosphoric acid solution, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain the phosphoric acid solution and the ardealite, returning a part of phosphoric acid solution to be used for decomposing phosphorite and a part of phosphoric acid solution to be used for outputting finished products. High-concentration high-quality wet-process phosphoric acid can be produced by utilizing the low-grade phosphorite; the phosphoric acid yield is high; and in addition, the white gypsum side product capable of being widely applied directly can be obtained. The method has wide industrial application prospects.


Proper root media and to determine its effect on growth of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dejima) in hydroponic culture system were studied. To achieve these, plug plantlets were planted in styrofoam beds (0.032 ) containing various root media with six capillaries (1.5 cm in width and 40 cm in length). The nine media employed in the experiment were commercial growing mix, Jeju scoria+peatmoss, Jeju scoria+cocopeat, perlite+peatmoss and perlite+cocopeat (1:1 or 1:2, v/v) mixture, respectively. Perlite+peatmoss (1:2) showed the highest total porosity and Jeju scoria+cocopeat (1:1) showed the highest bulk density among the media tested, followed by Jeju scoria+peatmoss (1:1). As incorporating ratio of peatmoss and cocopeat were elevated, the moisture capacity of media was increased. Characteristics of top growth were best in Jeju scoria+peatmoss (1:2) mixed medium. The total tuber yield was highest in both media of Jeju scoria+peatmoss (1:2). Perlite+peatmoss (1:2), and perlite+peatmoss (1:2) mixed medium showed highest average tuber weight. This results indicate that Jeju scoria+peatmoss (1:2) and perlite+peatmoss (1:2) were suitable medium for top growth and seed tuber production using a wick culture system among media tested.


The article explores the growing market of ageing consumers to identify the antecedents of their online purchase intention in an emerging market context. The research uses survey responses of 202 urban, ageing Indian respondents to ascertain the importance of the antecedents with the use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The qualitative content analysis reflects the importance of social influence in developing the positive perception of ageing customers towards online purchases. Predominantly, males of higher-income groups are found to lead the cohort as early adopters. The impact of social influence and brand loyalty in the consumer's electronic word of mouth (eWOM) adoption were significantly validated where eWOM adoption influenced the online purchase intention. The article contributes as a first-hand exploration in the context of an emerging market of older consumers to develop market-driven solutions that would help marketers plan effective online interface to tap the potential of this growing consumer base. Finally, this study discusses research limitations and proposes few future research directions.