The purpose of this study is to analyze the emotions of color in Chinese historical film 'Hero'. This study was carried out by questionnaire survey on students and ordinary person of 20 ~ 45 years old Korean-Chinese image content students through sensitive scientific research method. It was evaluated on the color in the background, the lighting of the Chinese historical movie 'Hero'. The results of this study suggest that the color of the film may have an emotional impact on the audience.


The Constancia tailings facility, located in the Peruvian Andes, was designed to store more than 450 million tonnes of copper tailings in an area of relatively high seismicity and seasonally high rainfall. The tailings dam, currently more than 100 meters high, is constructed of compacted rockfill sourced from glacial outwash, quarried sandstone, and open-pit waste rock, and will ultimately be raised to a height greater than 170 meters. The dam comprises an initial downstream-method rockfill embankment with sloping upstream core and chimney drain, with subsequent conversion to a centerline-method, supported by an upstream rockfill platform to provide support to the vertical section of core and filter/drain zones. This paper provides a summary of the design analyses and describes observations made during construction and operation. Site-specific deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analyses, seepage, slope stability, and deformation analyses performed to predict the long-term engineering behavior of the dam and impounded tailings are described. Figure 1. Location of site and general plan view on the Constancia Mine. 1.2 Geologic Setting The site is located within the eastern cordillera of the Andes mountains. Geomorphology is characterized by moderate relief, influenced by lithologic trends, structural features, and glacial erosion, with low rolling hills approximately 400 to 500 m high. Dissolution surfaces and karst are found where limestone dominates the rock mass but are absent at the TMF site. The Chilloroya river, a tributary of the Apurimac River within the Amazon watershed, flows from southeast to northwest just north of the TMF and captures drainage from the TMF and vicinity. The oldest rocks in the area are sandstones and mudstones of the Lower Cretaceous-age Chilloroya Formation, overlain discordantly by limestones, calc-arenites, and conglomerates of the Arcurquina and Ferrobamba formations of Upper Cretaceous age. These formations were intruded by Oligocene-age dioritic/granodioritic plutons of the Andahuaylas-Yauri Batholith, and several monzonitic stocks and dikes intrude and cross-cut the sedimentary lithologies. The intrusives have been exposed to extensive weathering, leading to a deep oxidation profile. Bedrock beneath the TMF comprises diorite/granodiorite of the Apurimac Batholith and sandstone of the Chilloroya formation. The degree of weathering is highly variable with compeFigure 2. Aerial drone photograph of the Constancia TMF in June 2018. tent rock exposed in some areas, but also with frequent exposure of moderate-to-soft rock overlain by low-to-moderately plastic soils. Diorite is exposed over most of the TMF basin and below the western portion of the TMF embankment, while sandstone is exposed in the northeastern portion of the basin and the east half of the dam. The diorite exhibits significant weathering to several meters depth beneath the west abutment of the dam, requiring deep stripping in some areas to reach competent rock for the dam foundation. Structural features in the TMF area correspond to stratification, faulting and fracturing systems of the sedimentary rock strata formed by the magmatic intrusions. Three fault systems were identified near the TMF, which were investigated by trenching and considered to be inactive in recent geologic time. Quaternary deposits of alluvium and bog partially cover bedrock in the valley bottoms of the TMF area. The alluvium, which is typically non-plastic, was eroded from the weathered diorite, carried downslope and deposited in the valley bottoms. Bog deposits, consisting of organic-rich soils or peat, are several meters deep in many valleys. The bog deposits are highly compressible and have low strength, so the bog and loose alluvium deposits were removed from under the embankment and geomembrane-lined areas and placed into designated bog disposal areas. 1.3 Climate and Hydrologic Setting Climate at the site is humid and seasonably cool with well-defined rainy and dry seasons. Average daily maximum temperatures range from 13 to 16 degrees Celsius and average daily minimum temperatures range from -11 to 0 degrees Celsius. Virtually all precipitation occurs during the wet season, which is defined from October to April of each year. Climatological data for use in the designs were based on data from multiple climatological stations located in the region, supplemented by data from a single on-site station, and a regression analysis was used to correlate on-site precipitation data with outlying stations. Estimates for the design 24-hour storm events were calculated using a theoretical Extreme Type I Gumbel probability distribution on precipitation data from approximately 48 years of historical records. The probable maximum precipitation (PMP) was estimated according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO, 1973) methodology for all stations with 24-hour maximum precipitation records greater than 10 years. The resulting design data and parameters are provided in Table 1. Table 1. Summary of Climatological and Hydrological Design Data Description Design Value Description Design Value Annual average precipitation 1,000 mm Annual maximum precipitation 1,353 mm Annual minimum precipitation 590 mm Average wet season precipitation 932 mm Average dry season precipitation 72 mm 100-year/24-hour storm precipitation 92 mm PMP/24-hour storm precipitation 263 mm Potential annual evaporation 961 mm Annual evaporation from natural ground 480 mm Evaporation from dry tailing 455 mm Evaporation from wet tailing 865 mm Evaporation from waste area 296 mm Evaporation from water surfaces 673 mm 1.4 Seismicity and Seismic Hazard The site is located within a seismically-active region of Perú, where the Nazca Plate subducts under the South American Plate at a rate of about 80 millimeters/year. The region experiences earthquakes associated with the subduction zone and crustal faulting within the continental intraplate zone. Deterministic seismic hazard analyses and probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA) were performed originally by Alva (2013) and updated by GeoPentech (2018). Maximum credible earthquake (MCE) scenarios were developed for each of three categories of seismic sources: subduction interface (SDI), deep intraslab (DIS), and shallow crustal (SCS). MCE scenarios and resulting peak horizontal ground accelerations for 84th-percentile ground motions are summarized in Table 2. The PSHA results were used to select operating basis earthquake ground motions for the TMF and maximum design earthquakes for non-critical structures, and to inform the deterministic analyses. The MCE response spectrum for the DIS and SCS scenarios fell mostly between the uniform hazard spectra for 2475-year and 5000-year probabilistic ground motions. The 10,000 peak ground acceleration (PGA) is about 0.8g, and the return period for PGA of 0.6g (corresponding to the MCE) is approximately 2475 years. Table 2. MCE Scenarios Source Category Moment Magnitude Distance (km) PGA Ground Motion Models used Subduction Interface 9.0 250 0.09g Abrahamson et al. (2016), Zhao et al. (2006), Atkinson & Boore (2003, 2008) Deep Intraslab 7.75 100 0.59g Abrahamson et al. (2016), Zhao et al. (2006) Shallow Crustal 6.75 1.5 0.62g NGA-West2 (Boore et al. 2014)


One result of the new culture of violence in the schools, and the corresponding shift in attention and resources away from learning activities and towards new security strategies, is the strong likelihood of a notable drop in student achievement levels. Fallout from the crisis in urban high schools carries over to community colleges and universities as these institutions inherit underprepared and underskilled students. Another kind of violence occurs on a more frequent and subtle basis--the relentless and systematic negation of the values, language, and practices of oppressed students in countless learning situations. As urban students experience school failure there is often a corresponding effect in the community. Providing opportunities for the students to confront their own powerlessness and to act of and for themselves in a community literacy project has the potential for negotiating a pedagogy of dialog and dignity in place of the pedagogy of insidious and subtle oppression that has been the main topic of the literature of literacy liberation for some time, most notably in Paulo Freire's "Pedagogy of the Oppressed." In the summer of 1991, eight teenagers from an inner-city high school in Pittsburgh began work on a project called HELP that involved the planning, design, and construction of an outdoor courtyard at a senior citizen's center in the community. Negotiating the four group goals was the key to the success of the project. Community-based projects can point educators towards an expanded and more inclusive view of what it means to be literate. (Lists of what the HELP team built and the group goals are attached.) (RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original ..locument. * ****************************************u****************************** Literacy, Schooling, and Violence: Can Community Literacy Help? Philip Flynn University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Public Schools A shorter version of this paper was presented at the Conference on College Composition and Communication in San Diego, April, 1993. U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Educamonat Research ana Improvement EDUCATIONAt RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) IILl'hts document has been ret tuCed as recervect Non+ the person or rucation origmatmg .1 fl tvl(nor changes have been caacte to Improve reproduchon oualoy Po(nts of vie...or oct(monsstaiechn tIms cloCu men? do not necessaoly recteesent official OE Rt posmon ot policy 2 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


A common way to incorporate discontinuities in asset returns is to add a Poisson process to a Brownian motion. The jump-diffusion process provides probability distributions that typically fit market data better than those of the simple diffusion process. To compare the performance of these models in option pricing, the total volatility of the jump-diffusion process must be used in the Black-Scholes formula. A number of authors, including Merton (1976a & b), Ball and Torous (1985), Jorion (1988), and Amin (1993), miscalculate this volatility. We show that if an investor uses Merton's volatility rate in the Black-Scholes (1973) model, she will underprice (overprice) some options, relative to the jump-diffusion model of Merton (1976a). However, if she used the correct volatility, she would overprice (underprice) the same options. We also show that the price difference between these models can be larger for some options and smaller for others than what was previously reported.


Five representative pedons were selected based on Image interpretation (IRS LISS-III) to characterize the salt affected soils of district Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. Soil samples were collected at an interval of 15 cm to a depth upto 90 cm. The soils were sandy clay loam to clay loam in texture, sub-angular blocky to massive in structure and calcareous sodic in nature. The sodicity and calcareousness increased with depth of the pedons examined. Further, the clay content was higher in substratum, leading to an increased CEC values indicating a main contributor, since the organic carbon content of the soils under study is low. Among soluble ions Na+ and Cldominated followed by Ca+2 and HCO3 in the saturation extract. Calcium and sodium are the major contributing exchangeable cations followed by magnesium. Two pedons (P1-Bhopalsagar and P2-Tana) of tehsil Kapasin categorized under slight to moderate, while three pedons (P3-Kanakhera, P4-Dungla and P5-Idra) of tehsil Rashmi and Dungla under moderate to highly sodic category requiring proper reclamation as well as management alternatives for sustainable crop production.


Abstract The present study investigated the bullying process in Brazilian schools. 182 children ( m age = 9,99 years; sd = 1,15) from Public and Private schools from South Brazil answered measures of victimization, aggression, depression and anxiety. Results showed no difference between levels of depression and anxiety between bullies and victims. Therefore, a tendency that the bullies are more depressed than the victims was observed. Boys were more nominated than girls as victims and bullies. Data confirms studies that emphasize the higher prevalence of the presence of boys in bullying process, but also contradict previous studies that showed higher levels of depression in victims but not in bullies, what can be explained by the cultural influence. The results point to the importance of clinical interventions focused on this phenomena, which has increased its prevalence between youth nowadays. Keywords: anxiety; bullying; aggressive behaviour; depression A violencia no contexto escolar e um problema com graves consequencias sociais e que, infelizmente, cresce atualmente (Guzzo, 2001). Uma das formas de violencia no contexto escolar e a o processo de vitimizacao entre pares ou


[1] There is no doubt that Milton Babbitt's writings are distinctly positivistic in their tone. Babbitt has argued both explicitly and through example that music theory should model itself after scientific theory. He has been an advocate for clarity in communicating music-theoretic concepts and has openly attacked what he refers to as "easy evaluatives" and "incorrigible personal statements" that cloud and mar "responsible normative discourse" (Babbitt 1965, 50). The absence of interpretative claims in Babbitt's writings might suggest that the composer has removed hermeneutics from his musical world entirely. Yet in a work like Philomel it is difficult, given the inherently dramatic nature of the text, to avoid interpreting the music regardless of whether or not one may be entering the "never-never land of putative denotative reference," to use Babbitt's words. The 1964 work for soprano and tape captures the psychological dissolution of a woman in the aftermath of a brutal rape, mutilation, and confinement. As McClary (1989, 75) has observed, very few students who are new to this work can listen and remain unmoved. Needless to say, the work has engendered many responses that grapple with the emotionally arresting aspects few can resist. Given the aesthetic and emotive power of the work, it seems unlikely that the music is disengaged from the powerful thematic implications of Hollander's text. Based on this assumption, I explore the possibility that the themes in Hollander's poetry are embedded in the music in efforts to bring the positivistic aura surrounding Babbitt's words into dialogue with the emotive power of what is arguably his most widely communicative music. The never-never land of interpretation simply beckons too strongly to resist.Example 1a. Babbitt. Philomel, measures 1-7.Example 1b. John Hollander's Philomel, excerpt.[2] In the sordid world of Ovid's mythology takes place the rape of Philomel at the hands of her sister Procne's husband, Thereus, who cuts out Philomel's tongue in order to silence her after the attack. In her confinement, Philomel weaves a tapestry depicting her assault and sends it to her sister. During a Bacchanalian festival, Procne rescues Philomel and the two murder Thereus's son and feed him the boy's body. In the revenge's aftermath, the sisters flee into the woods pursued by Thereus and the three are transformed into birds. Babbitt's Philomel takes place at the moment before Philomel's transfiguration into a nightingale and ends when Philomel transubstantiates into a new form. Previous studies of the work, both analytic and aesthetic, have focused on the opening, shown in Example 1a. Hollander's initial text for Philomel appears in Example 1b.[3] Mead (2004) has commented on the grasping nature of the voice in this passage. Philomel's voice emerges not distinctly, but almost "humming" with a long sustained high E, and then begins to reach for other notes, what Mead refers to as a "fishing expedition." He observes: "my overall sense of this passage is of a voice first feeling its way into a musical space, then carving out for itself a place to make music" (Mead 2004, 263). Her voice begins to search for itself and becomes more fully realized as the music progresses. Here, the mute Philomel, silenced by mutilation at the hands of her rapist, takes the first tentative steps toward self-expression through music. It is clear that the repetition of the high E corresponds to the opening phoneme of John Hollander's text, which, tentatively, one phoneme at a time, comes to express an intelligible word. Hollander describes the opening as the following:The first [section], a prolonged equivalent . . . of recitative and bits of arioso, starts out . . . with a sustained presentation of the vowel nucleus /iy/, the core of the phrase "I feel," for it is from her fear, fancied outrage, and remembered pain that Philomela's psychic energy in the song is generated. The opening section develops by permutations of the phonemes of the words of Philomel and Tereus, the sequences feel a million, filaments and tears, trees, tears (verb), etc. …


Abstract : As satellites become smaller or too far away to visually resolve their physical details via high-resolution imagery, other techniques must be used to characterize and describe them. One promising method is analyzing how the reflected light from a satellite varies as a function of time or phase angle. By analyzing the photometric intensity of the reflected light versus the solar phase angle of the space object, we hope to see a characteristic distribution that is indicative of a certain shape. One way to enhance the analysis is to obtain as many observations of a satellite either through multiple passes over time or by observing a particular satellite pass from numerous locations. This paper is a case study limited to the following questions: Given a certain scenario and a central sensor location, what is the optimal arrangement of four deployable telescopes for determining the shape of the satellite from its photometric signature?


During the 1840s Italian society began to see the Mediterranean region as a dangerous place to live, owing to what was regarded as threats represented by Austria, Great Britain, France, and even Russia and the United States. This conviction resulted from various affairs both within and outside Europe, where the same powers were accused of behaving in an overtly aggressive way, which was used as an argument for the political unity of Italy's various states in order to give them greater strength for defence. Since danger was seen all around, this unity became important for both the peninsular Italians and the Sicilians, who agreed on the need to establish an Italian league with federal land and naval forces. The principal objective of this paper is to show that the question of Sicily's future was seen as a question of not only Italy's security, but also of its future position in the Mediterranean as a whole, and that the de facto unanimous support of Sicily's membership in the league in 1848 resulted from this self-protecting response that, moreover, already contained proto-imperialist tendencies in which for geostrategic reasons the island played an important role.


It is a significant historic task for our party to construct socialism new villages. The new rural construction makes the agricultural machinery of the Dongting lake region obtain the development good opportunity, but the agricultural machinery is remarkable in the new rural construction. It is the first factor in the production development. It is the safeguard in the life ample, the carrier of the clean villages, and the guarantee in the agricultural ecology construction and the sustainable development. Therefore, This paper especially proposes several measures: promoting the rice production in the entire journey of mechanization technology and the rural construction of Dongting lake region, and the farmer to live amply; Persisting legally thead ministration, safeguarding the agricultural machinery safety and rural society to be harmonious and local custom to be civilized; Paying special attention to the agricultural machinery department construction, and adapting the socialism new rural construction demand and so on.


Considers the problem of optimal variable-rate lossy compression of Markov sources when the encoded bit stream is buffered before entering a fixed-rate channel. The authors discuss how to minimize the average distortion under this constraint.<<ETX>>


INTRODUCTION
Sexual activity may on occasion be complicated by neurologic syndromes of headache and amnesia. These syndromes may be alarming not only to patients but also to medical practitioners unfamiliar with them, initiating inappropriate investigations or advice.

AIMS
To review the clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigation, pathophysiology, and treatment of primary headache associated with sexual activity and of transient global amnesia precipitated by sexual activity.

METHODS
Selective literature review.

CONCLUSION
Transient headache and amnesia associated with sexual activity are generally benign, self-limited syndromes of presumed vascular origin. The most important differential diagnosis in both instances is subarachnoid hemorrhage, but this may be readily excluded on the basis of clinical and investigational findings. Reassurance, based on clear diagnosis, is the most important treatment.


The diagnosis and treatment of Gastro-intestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) has been revolutionized by molecular pathology and targeted therapy.

 This patient was diagnosed with locally advanced gastric GIST in 2009. He was initially treated neoadjuvantly with imatinib from 2009- 2010. He underwent laparoscopic resection in 2010. Pathology showed almost complete response with only 1.5mm focus of viable tumour. He did not receive adjuvant imatinib as this was not established practice in 2010. Recurrent disease was resected in 2011. Mitotic count was 200/50hpf. Adjuvant imatinib was given for 5 years then discontinued in 2016. Imaging showed no recurrence over this time period. Molecular testing showed Kit Exon 11 mutation- this is common in GISTs and associated with response to imatinib. Recurrent disease was diagnosed 2018 with a 10x9cm mass between residual stomach and liver– he recommenced imatinib with partial response (maximal response was reached in 2020, but a new 3cm lesion was noted) He underwent further resection of the residual stomach and liver segmentectomy in 2020. Histology showed acellular areas of myxoid degeneration, indicating treatment response however viable tumour remained. Sequencing was performed. This showed the expected mutation in exon 11 but also a mutation in exon 13 of KIT- this has been shown recently to confer resistance to imatinib.

 Over 90% of GISTs harbour mutations in c-KIT. Recent work has demonstrated that some tumours acquire secondary mutations conferring resistance, following prolonged TKI therapy. Radiological and histopathological features correlate with such events and assist in deciding surgical management.


To achieve wide applications of high T_c superconductivity in the field of novel microelectronics, the high quality superconducting thin films have to be prepared first. Great progress on preparation of high T_c supercoducting thin films by various techniques,


The optical disc medium 1, a reproduction RF signal, a sampling clock cycle 8 of twice the channel clock after the waveform shaping (3) is detected from the digital RF signal and converts it into 6. After that, by a first offset compensation circuit and then (9) to correct for the offset variation of the high-band by the adaptive equalization to the digital adaptive equalizer 23, a second offset compensation circuit 27, the first offset compensation circuit ( correcting an offset component remaining in 9), demodulates the binarized digital signal 37. Thus, even when very high speed playback, also, air Symmetry is greater depending on the recording quality, while maintaining high performance in reproducing performance, it is possible to reduce the power consumption. Accordingly, low power consumption, and can also provide a sufficient reproduction performance can realize the optical disk reproducing apparatus.


The high content lead hosted in sulfide ore is easily formed PbSO4 precipitation with sulfur under the strong oxidizing acids,which effected the determination of Pb.This experiment established the two methods for determination of high content Pb in sulfide ore by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES),being dissolved by aqua regia and H2O2 and by aqua regia after calcination at high temperature.The aqua regia-H2O2 decomposition method can be used to simultaneously determine Pb,Ag and Sb in samples,but calcination at high temperature-aqua regia decomposition method only can be used to determinate Pb.The two methods are both simple and fast with high accuracy and precision.The precision and accuracy of the two methods were demonstrated by analyzing reference materials GBW 07167 and GBW 07269.The RSD(n=10) of Pb for GBW 07167 were 0.38% and 0.56%,and relative error were-0.41% and 0.14%,respectively.The analytical results of Pb for reference material GBW 07269 were determinated by the same methods,whose RSD(n=10) were 0.76% and 0.66%,and relative error were 0.82% and 0.45%,respectively.


The connection between buckwheat grain quality and the changes of the acid number of fat (AN) and grain acidity after eight months of storage has been investigated. Parameters of buckwheat with different content of moisture, germinated grains, and spoiled grains were determined. The studies performed have shown that oxidative damage to buckwheat grain increases concomitantly to the increase of humidity and content of germinated and spoiled seeds. All three defects of grain (increased humidity and increased content of germinated and spoiled seeds) accelerate the hydrolysis of grain lipids, and this leads to an increase of the acid number of fat. AN can be considered an indicator of grain freshness and should be introduced as an indicator of buckwheat quality for inward inspection of grain.


This paper addresses the problem of precoder design that maximizes the throughput of a secondary user (SU) in an underlay multiple-input multiple-output cognitive radio network, where the channel state information (CSI) from the SU to the primary user (PU) is unavailable or inaccurate. The design maintains the quality of service for the PU through an interference amount measure in terms of the interference temperature or the leakage rate. For the case of unknown CSI, we propose an iterative adaptation algorithm by exploiting the side information in the primary communication network. For the case of imperfect CSI, we model the amount of uncertainty to be within a convex set defined by the Schatten norm and apply the maximin optimization to obtain the solution. To complete this paper, we derive the conditions on the CSI uncertainty radius under which the robust design with imperfect CSI would not perform better than the one with unknown CSI, when using the interference temperature metric. The proposed techniques are supported by numerical simulations.


Modal split prediction in transportation networks has the potential to support network operators in managing traffic congestion and improving transit service reliability. We focus on the problem of hourly prediction of the fraction of travelers choosing one mode of transportation over another using high-dimensional travel time data. We use logistic regression as base model and employ various regularization techniques for variable selection to prevent overfitting and resolve multicollinearity issues. Importantly, we interpret the prediction accuracy results with respect to the inherent variability of modal splits and travelers' aggregate responsiveness to changes in travel time. By visualizing model parameters, we conclude that the subset of segments found important for predictive accuracy changes from hour-to-hour and include segments that are topologically central and/or highly congested. We apply our approach to the San Francisco Bay Area freeway and rapid transit network and demonstrate superior prediction accuracy and interpretability of our method compared to pre-specified variable selection methods.


In this article the intrinsic relationship between our views on and our use of scripture is proposed. This relationship is described in terms of two basic components of the reformed understanding of scripture, namely the accommodative and performative nature thereof. This is followed by an exposition of two fundamental misunderstandings pertaining to the abovementioned components as well as some suggestions for the profiling of a hermeneutics of expectancy.


In this scientific essay, I reflect and investigate issues related to the inclusion of newly arrived students in the school. The writing process and my own reflections are my method for investigati ...


Decomposing time series data into trend and cyclical components is among the top priorities for policy maker institutions. Comparing with the unrestricted Beveridge-Nelson decomposition and Hodrick-Prescott filter, we implement a restricted Beveridge-Nelson filter developed by Kamber et. al. (2018) which limits the volatility of trend component. Utilizing the quarterly real GDP series and monthly real exchange rate data for Turkey, we find that Beveridge-Nelson filter provides more persistent and larger cyclical values than Beveridge-Nelson decomposition. Taking the output gap estimates of Central Bank of Turkey as a benchmark, our results indicate that Beveridge-Nelson filter method yields more sensible results. We also develop a measure to make an assessment on the end-point bias. Our results show that restricted Beveridge-Nelson filter performs better than Hodrick-Prescott filter regarding the magnitude of end point bias.


Two-dimensional coherence processing is commonly used for passive detection in acoustic sensor systems. Modern coherence processors well suited for this purpose include the magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) estimator and the normalized correlation envelope (NCE) estimator. These are biased estimators whose performance characteristics are not well understood and are exceptionally difficult to analyze. However, by developing a rather unique bias-correcting function, the detection performance of biased estimators is derived as a function of both the input-signal and the processor parameters. Design parameters which optimize detection are determined for both the MSC and the NCE estimators. In applications where the number of degrees of freedom (or time-bandwidth product) of a target signal is severely limited, detection performance can be enhanced by signal overcontainment within the processor bandwidth. Performance data are presented in formats appropriate for selecting processor parameters which are optimum for a given application.


In search for new methods to prevent light-induced colour reversion the interaction of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with groundwood pulp (PGW) has been investigated.The PVP-treated PGWwas fractionated by isolation of MWL and after that by dissolving the residue in alkali and precipitation by acidification. The PVP content of the fractions was followed by nitrogen determination and FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the highest PVP content occurs in an alkali-soluble fraction, obtained after removal of MWL. PVP seems to act as an adsorbent for phenolic and/or alcoholic hydroxyl groups, especially in an alkalisoluble fraction of PGW containing 40% lignin, 45% polysaccharides and 15% PVP. The milled wood lignin contained only 4% of PVP.


Visual Loss Caused by Corticosteroid-Induced Glaucoma: How to Avoid It The initial report of elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in response to corticosteroids was that by McLean,1 who, in 1950, noted that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) could have such an effect. The report by Francois2 on pressure elevation caused by topical steroids appeared in 1954, and much is now known about its pathogenesis. Nevertheless, visual loss caused by steroid-induced glaucoma continues to occur. Concerns about this entity have increased after the institution of intravitreal corticosteroid treatment, primarily for retinal diseases.3 This commentary does not deal with the benefits of intravitreal, topical, or systemic corticosteroid treatment for ocular disease. Although the appropriate role of corticosteroids in comparison with other treatments is controversial, there is evidence that such treatments can be effective in preventing visual loss from uveitis, can improve the success of glaucoma-filtering surgery,4 and can have temporary or long-term benefits in some patients with some types of retinal disease.5–16 Clearly, no treatment of any kind is indicated unless there is a reasonable likelihood of a clinical benefit from that treatment. Herein, we do not concern ourselves with the important "benefit" side of the risk/benefit ratio, but rather examine in detail one of the many risks associated with the use of corticosteroids, specifically visual loss from glaucoma. The sequence leading to glaucomatous disability in cases of steroid-induced glaucoma is, first, elevation of IOP; second, neuronal damage; third, visual loss; and fourth, disability (we define glaucoma as a visual disability when vision loss prevents a person from doing that which they would otherwise want and be able to do). We want to stress that the only clinical significance of steroid-induced elevation of IOP is that such elevation of IOP may, in some cases, lead to nerve damage and cause visual disability, decreasing the quality of life. Given this sequence, the appropriate approach to the issue of disability caused by steroid-induced glaucoma is 1) to use steroids only when appropriate; 2) to know who is at risk of developing steroid-induced glaucomatous disability; 3) to monitor the IOP appropriately for each individual; and 4) to use appropriate means of controlling IOP where this is needed to prevent disability. Those at risk of developing steroid-induced glaucomatous disability are listed in Table 1. By far, those at greatest risk are those who already have severe glaucomatous optic nerve damage from primary openangle glaucoma. The likelihood of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma developing a rise in IOP secondary to corticosteroids administered by any route is great. Well over three fourths of those receiving topical dexamethasone for 4 weeks will develop a marked rise in IOP. Those who already have enough glaucomatous optic nerve damage to have disability have earlier demonstrated that their optic nerves can be damaged by IOP and, furthermore, that any further damage will increase the disability that already exists. Those with definite glaucoma, but who as yet have no disability, are also at a considerable risk, because they, too, have shown that they can be damaged by IOP. However, because their nerves are healthier, there must be a greater or longer period of IOP elevation before they develop sufficient damage to become visually disabled.


..................................................................................................................................................
  iv Acknowledgements
  ...........................................................................................................................
  vii Dedication
  ..............................................................................................................................................
  ix Table
  of
  Contents
  ...................................................................................................................................
  x List
  of
  Figures
  ....................................................................................................................................
  xvii List
  of
  Tables
  ......................................................................................................................................
  xxii List
  of
  Schemes
  .................................................................................................................................
  xxiv List
  of
  Abbreviations
  .......................................................................................................................
  xxv Chapter
  1.
  Introduction
  to
  Functional
  Nucleic
  acids
  ................................................................
  1 1.1
  Chemical
  structure
  of
  nucleic
  acids
  ....................................................................................
  1 1.2
  Naturally
  occurring
  catalytic
  RNAs:
  ribozymes
  ..............................................................
  4 1.3
  Interaction
  between
  nucleic
  acids
  and
  metal
  ions
  ........................................................
  4 1.4
  Importance
  of
  metal
  ions
  detection
  ...................................................................................
  7 1.5
  Common
  methods
  for
  metal
  ion
  detection
  .......................................................................
  8 1.6
  Biosensors
  ...................................................................................................................................
  9 1.7
  Aptamer
  .....................................................................................................................................
  10 1.7.1
  SELEX
  for
  aptamer
  ...........................................................................................................................
  10 xi 1.7.2
  Examples
  of
  known
  metal
  binding
  DNAs
  ...............................................................................
  11 220.127.116.11
  G-‐quadruplexes
  .........................................................................................................................
  11 188.8.131.52
  Hg2+
  binding
  DNA
  .....................................................................................................................
  13 18.104.22.168
  Ag+
  binding
  DNA
  .......................................................................................................................
  14 220.127.116.11
  Zn2+
  binding
  DNA
  .....................................................................................................................
  14 1.7.3
  In
  vitro
  Selection
  for
  DNAzymes
  .................................................................................................
  15 1.8
  Role
  of
  metal
  ions
  in
  DNAzyme
  catalysis
  ........................................................................
  16 1.9
  DNAzymes
  and
  their
  catalysis
  ............................................................................................
  17 1.10
  Representative
  examples
  of
  RNA-‐cleaving
  DNAzymes
  ............................................
  18 1.10.1
  The
  GR-‐5
  DNAzyme
  .......................................................................................................................
  18 1.10.2
  The
  10-‐23
  DNAzyme
  .....................................................................................................................
  20 1.10.3
  The
  8-‐17
  DNAzyme
  .......................................................................................................................
  21 1.10.4
  The
  39E
  DNAzyme
  .........................................................................................................................
  23 1.10.5
  Comparison
  of
  GR-‐5,
  8-‐17,
  10-‐23,
  and
  39E
  catalytic
  efficiency
  in
  the
  presence
  of different
  metal
  ions
  .....................................................................................................................................
  25 1.11
  Lanthanide
  ions
  ....................................................................................................................
  25 1.12
  Research
  focus
  ......................................................................................................................
  27 Chapter
  2.
  In
  Vitro
  Selection
  of
  a
  General
  Lanthanide-‐Dependent
  DNAzyme................
  29 2.1
  Introduction
  .............................................................................................................................
  29 2.2
  Results
  and
  Discussions
  .......................................................................................................
  31 2.2.1
  DNAzyme
  Selection
  ..........................................................................................................................
  31 2.2.1
  DNAzyme
  secondary
  structure
  analysis
  .................................................................................
  32 2.2.3
  Activity
  with
  Ce3+
  vs.
  activity
  with
  Ce4+
  ...................................................................................
  37


Social work students frequently use confidential information obtained from clients for their own educational purposes. This raises ethical issues which are relatively unexplored. We believe that students have a duty to uphold the confidentiality of client information, and that current procedures are often inadequate. Anonymising identity may not be sufficient to preserve confidentiality, when a client has not consented to the use of case material for educational purposes. Equally, in situations where reflection on practice is particularly important, such as with unwilling clients or failed interventions, consent may be unobtainable. We argue that a reflective morality coupled with a respect for client autonomy is more appropriate to resolving such dilemmas. Such an ethical stance can also help students address the inequality of power within the professional relationship.


After a short introduction to the digital control of boost power factor correction converters, the principle of operation of the alternating-edge-sampling algorithm is reviewed. The main features of this sampling algorithm are: switching noise immunity, straightforwardness, the need for only few extra processor cycles and accurate measurement of the averaged input current. However, to accomplish this last feature the timing of the sampling instants has to be tuned manually. Moreover, the "ideal" timing instants may slowly vary because of temperature effects and during the life-time of the converter. To annihilate these effects and to avoid manual tuning, the alternating-edge-sampling algorithm is extended with an autotuning feature for the timing of the sampling instants. The distortion caused by the sampling algorithm due to an inaccurate timing of the sampling instants is quantified to obtain an estimate for the timing error. This timing error is continuously monitored and intermittently used to adjust the timing of the sampling instants. As a result, the proposed sampling algorithm provides accurate measurements of the averaged inductor current without manual tuning, over a wide temperature range and during the operating life-time of the converter. Experimental verification using a digitally controlled boost converter demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed sampling algorithm and demonstrates that a small input current distortion can be achieved.


(Medicine. 1898, Nos. 14 and 15). The article presents a summary of opinions on this issue, expressed at one of the meetings of the Numetsk Gynecologists Congress in Leipzig in June 1897. Rѣch goes mainly to ethiology and treatment of placentae progeniae.


It is known that if two optical images of a visually textured surface, projected from finitely separated viewpoints, allow more than one 3D interpretation, then the surface must be part of a quadric passing through the two viewpoints. It is here shown that this quadric is either a plane or a ruled surface of a type first considered by Maybank in a study of ambiguous optic flow fields; and that in the latter case, three is the maximum number of distinct interpretations that the two images can sustain.


Modeling of certain complex problems in science and engineering involve fuzzy differential equations. Many fuzzy differential equations cannot be solved analytically because of the complexity of the modeled problems. In this paper, a multistep block method is proposed for numerically solving first order fuzzy differential equations using Hukuhara differentiability. The convergence of the proposed method has been shown and the numerical results are presented.


A meeting on April 29, 1999, in Wilmington, Delaware, examined a variety of important issues related to viral infections in patients undergoing hemaopoietic stem cell transplants. This volume represents some of the most important and most recent thoughts on the particular viral infections of great significance to the stem cell therapy patient and how those infections ought to be managed. This paper provides an introduction to the subjects discussed, presents the problem areas and summarizes the meeting objectives.


frequency and tie line power changes of multi area interconnected system. The proposed approach uses a different set of assumptions from that conventionally used. This method can preserve the identity of each generating unit. With this method, the computational complexity has been reduced by resorting the lower order generating unit models. In this paper, model order reduction technique has been used to obtain lower order model for study of automatic generation control (AGC). AGC is very important in power system to maintain system frequency and tie-line power, when system subjects to small load perturbations. To obtain better transient performance with reduced model of AGC a chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm is used for optimization. The proposed method shows its robustness under critical conditions when conventional optimization methods fail. CPSO is used to optimize gains of PI controller and bias frequency, to maintain system frequency and tie-line power flow at scheduled values. This paper also presents the selection of suitable value for governor speed regulation parameter. ess = Steady state error of ACE. W = Inertia weight. C 1 , C 2 =acceleration coefficient.


The sentence structure "差点儿+VP" has long been a hot topic in the grammar circles. Such grammatical problem could be solved by analyzing the structure from semantic point of view, emphasizing semantic orientation, and working out the ways of disclosing the equivocal meanings with pragmatics methods.


Abstract Spiniferites cysts with 2P archeopyles were recovered from Recent unconsolidated detrital material in Hidden Basin, British Columbia, Canada. Viable cysts were excysted to produce two possibly new species of Gonyaulax, G. sp. 1 and G. sp. 2. These cysts, which were also found in palynologically treated samples, are described as species of Spiniferites. Gonyaulax sp. I is similar to G. alaskensis Kofoid. G. sp. 2 may be an "immature"; example of G. sp. 1 or it may be a separate species. The cysts of G. sp. 1 and G. sp. 2 are indistinguishable and are part of a large group of Spiniferites 2P cysts found in Hidden Basin.


The status quo of special robot system for repairing hydro turbine is introduced.Study of the overall design of the robot system in our country is stressed.


Abstract Background According to the Italian National Statistical Institute, the 12-month probability of survival in the general population between 90 and 94 years-old is 26%. Pacemaker (PM) implantation is often an urgent and necessary intervention, but in these patients the benefit in terms of quality and duration of life is unclear. Purpose To analyze characteristics, outcome and factors associated with survival in patients who had turned 90 at the time of PM implant. Methods All the PM implants performed in patients ≥90 from 1/1/2019 to 12/31/2020 were analyzed. Clinical parameters, device characteristics and follow-up data were extrapolated from the SuitEstensa Ebit reporting system; the exitus was verified by analyzing data from the Regional Health System. Results During the study interval, among the 554 patients undergoing PM implantation in our Center, 69 (12%) were ≥90 years-old (mean age 92±2 years, 46% male; complete/advanced AV block in 76%). Twenty-six (38%) patients had history of atrial fibrillation and 19 (28%) ischemic heart disease. A cardiological co-morbidity (excluding AF) was present in 23 patients (33%). Oncological, pneumological and neurological comorbidities were present in 12 (18%), 19 (28%) and 32 (46%) respectively. Renal impairment was present in 25 patients (36%). In 47 patients (68%) there were at least 2 co-morbidities. After implantation (single-chamber in 36, dual-chamber in 25 and VDD single-lead dual-chamber in 8 patients) complications occurred in 3 patients (2 pneumothorax and 1 lead dislodgment). Remote monitoring was activated in 57 patients (83%). Within August 31st 2021 (mean follow-up 288±193 days) 24 patients died (35%, 219±241 days after implant). Five patients (19% of patients implanted in 2019) died within 12 months. No patients died for device malfunction. Three patients died because of COVID-19 pneumonia. Renal dysfunction (Hazard Ratio-HR 8.05, p=0.002) and the presence of 2 or more co-morbidities (HR 6.03; p=0.015) were associated with a higher risk of death at univariate analysis; other significant variables were diabetes (HR 2.34; p=0.038), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HR 0.70 for 5% variation; p=0.005), walking impairment (HR 2.99, p=0.006), the presence of oncological (HR 2.21; p=0.003), pneumological (HR 2.55; p=0.024) and neurological (HR 1.90, p=0.007) comorbidities. At multivariable analysis the only significant parameter associated with survival was LVEF (0.76 for 5% difference; p=0.043) Conclusions At our Center, patients ≥90 years-old undergo PM implantation mainly for advanced AVB. The good survival in the medium term, even better than expected in the general population, does not justify a too conservative attitude especially, but exclusively, in patients with less comorbidities. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1 Table 1. Multivariable analysis of mortality


A GP who has been suspended from the UK medical register for the past 18 months for accepting £189 000 (€211 000; $238 000) in gifts from an elderly former patient has now been reinstated after settling financial claims from the patient's family.

Andrea McFarlane's initial 12 month suspension was extended by six months in January after her former patient's nephew told a medical practitioners' tribunal review hearing that she had not done enough to resolve the matter of the outstanding money.

The elderly woman, named only …


Reading is the key of college English teaching.This paper begins with the theory of the task-based approach and probes into its application to the teaching of college English reading,that is,dividing the teaching process into three stages: pre-reading stage,reading stage and post-reading stage,and stimulating the students' interest in learning English by leaving assignments in class so as to improve students' language application and understanding ability.Besides,it discusses the practical applied effect of the task-based approach in teaching college English reading and the existing problems as well.


Abstract Economic designs of control charts have been widely investigated and insure that the economic design of control chart actually has a lower cost. This paper presents an integrated model for combining the preventive maintenance and the economic design of control charts. In the proposed model, preventive maintenance can reduce the occurrence rate to an out-of-control state by an amount proportional to the maintenance level on the quality control costs. The maintenance action is conducted on the basis of the sampling results. A numerical example is also used to illustrate the effect of preventive maintenance on the quality control costs and optimum design parameters.


A new scorpaenid fish, Sebastes variegatus, from the Gulf of Alaska is characterized by an elongate body that tapers symmetrically anteriorly and posteriorly; presence of preocular, postocular, tympan nic, and parietal spines and lack of supraocular, coronal, and (usually) nuchal spines; 18 (rarely 17 or 19) rays in the pectoral fin; a second anal fin spine that is longer than the third; black membranes in the spinous dorsal and caudal fins; a dark brown to jet black peritoneum; and a dark blotched pattern on the sides that is interrupted over the posterior 2/3 of the body by an unpigmented band along the lateral line. The known geographic range is from Unimak Pass (Aleutian Islands) to Queen Charlotte Sound (British Columbia). On February 28, 1967, the Bureau of Commer cial Fisheries RV Murre II obtained three specimens of a new species of rockfish from the vicinity of Point McCartney in Frederick Sound, southeastern Alaska. The specimens were cap tured when a 6-ft-diameter Isaacs-Kidd trawl inadvertently was allowed to touch bottom at 135 m. The specimens were tentatively identified as Sebastes zacentrus but were not adequately de scribed by Phillips' (1957) account of this species. In some respects they seemed to be intermediate between S. zacentrus and S. pro riger. The evidence for an undescribed species became convincing when additional specimens were taken, and the similarity to S. zacentrus and S. pror1:ger was underscored when several more specimens were found in old collections that had been labeled as these species. The species is placed in Sebastes Cuvier in concurrence with opinions of numerous authors that northeastern Pacific Sebastodes are con


An environment protection type anticorrosion non-lead low-BCa brass alloy easy to machine contains Cu (55-65 wt.%), Ca (0.004-0.25), Sb (0.1-0.5), B (0-0.05) and at least two of Ti, Ni, Fe, Si, SN, Al, P and RE. Its preparing process includes such steps as alloying, smelting by covering method, conticasting, high-ratio squeezing at 680-730 deg.C, intermediate heat treating at 420-700 deg.C, and annealing. It has high cutting and weldign performance.


The work style of the Japanese people has recently become a focus of attention as never seen before. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe reshuffled his Cabinet in August 2016 and placed work style reform of the Japanese people as a central challenge, appointing a minister in charge of work style reform and establishing the Council for the Realization of Work Style Reform. Businesses and labor unions have also picked up on these developments and have been working towards accommodating a new work style that can match the future working environment. Why does Japan need to reform its work style now? In economics, which is my own field of expertise, businesses and workers are thought to always act rationally. Therefore, in principle, no problems arise with the work style of employees at businesses, and under this principle, a work style that produces optimal performance is always achieved. This perception is not an armchair theory, and in reality both businesses and workers are pursuing a work style that produces maximal profit every day. Therefore, there should be some people who will not fully understand what needs to happen when talking about work style reform. But in economics, rational behavior is merely a basic principle, and there will always be exceptions. For example, there are many instances where corporate behavior and workers' behavior that used to be rational somehow turned out to be irrational as working environments changed. In the long term, such irrational behavior will be corrected over time, but in the meantime irrationality will be seen everywhere. In other words, whilst changes in the working environment are ongoing, rational behavior will not take place in the shorter term. Therefore, conversely, and quickly, picking up on these changes in the business environment to work on transforming behavior so that it becomes rational may potentially serve as a business opportunity. In fact, these circumstances fit the current Japanese work style. It can be said that because there is a problem with the work style, work style reform in Japan has become a business opportunity. A typical Japanese work style employs new graduates all at once and trains them in-house over a long period of time, thereby aiming to ach ieve grea te r l abor product iv i t y and in te rna t iona l competitiveness, and minimizing unemployment in the labor market. In the past, this custom has been highly acclaimed both domestically and internationally for its outstanding economic rationality. But with serious labor shortages becoming a reality due to the declining birth rate and aging society, and as competition continues to intensify due to globalization, the environment surrounding Japanese businesses is starting to change dramatically. Hence, unlike the past, it has become difficult to secure a talented workforce centering mainly on new graduate male workers, and greater utilization of women, midcareer hires, elderly workers, and foreign workers has come to be essential. In addition, diversification of value sets amongst the workforce has also progressed, and there has been more emphasis on work-life balance, not a work-centered life. During the high economic growth period where Japan needed to catch up with developed nations, volume input by workers with homogenous skill sets working for long hours produced mass added-value. But Japan has achieved economic growth and no longer needs to catch up, and rather is required to deliver high-quality creativity which can spark innovation of its own. Under this new environment, the rationality of a traditional work style which is male oriented, working in the same company for long hours, and for a long time, has undoubtedly decreased. To back this observation, I conducted a series of empirical studies which covered the traditional work style, and it was shown that businesses that are p l ann ing to rev i ew the t rad i t iona l work s ty l e and p lan transformations achieve a higher performance. Below are some of the research findings on this point.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the method of usage of small spaces (about 10 square metre) that is divided horizontally above and below. We controlled them based on the result of each investigation we carried out preliminary. The results were summarized as follows: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIVING SPACE DIVIDED HORIZONTALLY AND DAILY ACTIVITY ~ A study on the method of usage of small spaces ~


Dataset 01 for: K.R. Daly, S.D. Keyes, and T. Roose, Determination of macro-scale soil properties from pore scale structures - Image based modelling of poroelastic structures, Proc. Roy. Soc. A. 2018


Abstract: In this article, the author investigates the religiously resonant nature of aspects of certain narratives within the popular science fiction mythology of Star Trek as well as the implications of the religiosity implicit in that mythology. Drawing on literature from social and evolutionary psychology as well as popular culture studies, the author claims that various Star Trek series both explicitly and implicitly utilize the religiously resonant concept of the soul. The use of the soul as a narrative device relies on most humans' psychological tendencies toward essentialist thinking and offline social reasoning. The author argues that by narratively affirming the idea of souls, Star Trek narratives occasionally constitute religiously resonant fantasy as opposed to depicting a fully rationalist and non-religious human future, as some anti-religionists argue.


Structural steel components of thermal power plants are exposed to the oxidative and erosive environment during the operation of the plants. Such steels have good structural properties but lack resistance to erosion. Hard coatings are deposited on structural steels to improve their erosion resistance while maintaining good structural properties. The current work emphasizes the role of HVOF sprayed WC-12Co-4Cr and Co-32-Ni-21Cr-8Al-0.5Y coatings on the erosive wear of IS-2062 structural steel. Coatings are evaluated in terms of hardness, erosion rate, adhesion to the substrate, surface roughness and porosity. The erosion tests are carried out using an air jet erosion tester at 30° and 90° impact angles under room temperature environment. From this investigation, it has been observed that WC-Co-Cr coating on IS-2062 structural steel provides better erosion resistance than Co-32-Ni-21Cr-8Al-0.5Y coating at both the impact angles. However, the higher erosion rate is found at 90° impact angle than that at 30° impact angle for both the coatings suggesting a dominating brittle erosion mechanism. Microhardness and surface roughness of the coatings played an important role in the erosion resistance of WC-Co-Cr and CoNiCrAlY coatings.


A new emulated digital multi-layer CNN-UM chip architecture called Falcon
has been developed. Simulation running time can be hundred times shorter using
the Falcon processor array compared to the software simulation. This huge
computing power makes real time image processing possible. In this paper the
main steps of the FPGA implementation and optimization are introduced. The
Distributed Arithmetic technique is used to optimize the architecture on
FPGAs. Using this technique, smaller and faster arithmetic units can be
designed than using conventional approach where multiplier cores and adder
trees are used to compute the state equation of the CNN array.


Abstract Issue The level of timely referrals to health specialists among Russian pregnant women is low, as well as the level of preventive knowledge and health information that often is derived from unreliable sources. About 2/3 of Russian women who are smoking don't quit smoking during pregnancy and breastfeeding. There is low level of breast feeding among Russian women. During COVID -19 there is need for reliable information. Given the geography of the country, there is need for pregnant woman and mothers with a newborn for modern health service and relevant information. Description Program MAMAmobi - free mobile service for pregnant women and new mothers to delivering up-to-date health information regarding maternal and child health via all channels on mobile phones: messengers, mobile applications, YouTube, social media, Email, text msgs, etc. All the content and messages are developed and reviewed by the leading experts in the field. Each client automatically receives individual messages on her mobile phones according to her pregnancy term or a baby birthday. Results 250,000 pregnant women and new mothers reached by the program annually. Program monitoring identified increasing number of women who practice breast feeding and practice healthy behaviour. Dissemination of the evidence-based information on vaccine and immunisation among the audience increase women make a rational decision. The rate of women taking folic acid is higher among women participating in the program compared to control group. Lessons Communication via mobile phone brings the most accurate information to women, motivate them to keep their own health and babies' health, allow to deliver information on urgent issues, establish high reliability of such channel and keep adherence to the program very high. Key messages The service is a viable tool that brings improvement in women's knowledge on maternal and child health including prevention of smoking and alcohol consumptions, COVID-19 and etc and change behaviour. The communication channels on smartphones should be changed according to expectations of the target group and available technology.


which is so often described as occurring with infarction of the heart muscle. This was most in evidence about the apex, base and left border of the heart. Seven days after the accident there was in evidence a sign suggesting that the infarction had reached the interior of the right heart; two small areas in the lung showed friction and signs of consolidation. Heart block, fibrillations and arrhythmias are not uncommon accidents in the ilnfluenzal and pneumonic infections; we usually assume that the conduction apparatus has been upset by some action of the disease toxin, or one thinks in terms of minute thrombotic depositions or peri-vascular cell accumulatiolns situated, perhaps, where they can exert their maximal effect. In the case reported here, the pericardial rub on the one hand and the heart block on the other speak for a fairly extensive process. It is probable that a branch of the right coronary artery was the thrombosed vessel, for the bundle of His is usually supplied with blood by the ramus 8septi fibrosi, an off-shoot of the ramus circumflexus of the right coronary. The added detail of clinical interest, the development later on in the course of the affection of other areas of consolidation in the lungs requires a short reference. Libman suggests that in certain cases one may determine by the embolic accidents which follow, into which chamber of the heart the infarction has extended. Infarction which has roughened the interior of the left heart will tend to produce a thrombus attached to the heart wall; fragments from this thrombus will form emboli in the general circulation. An infarction affecting the walls of the right heart cavities will permit of emboli to the lungs, and in Mr. S.'s case the late development of small areas of friction and consolidation may be considered as indicating minor pulmonary emboli with infarction. Mr. S. is still alive. Naturally one can never speak with any certainty of the state of the coronaries in a manl of over 40, particularly when one realizes that coronary degeneration may occur at a very early age; yet a history suggesting coronary thrombosis in the course of an acute bacterial infectioni which has the tendency to produce arteritis and phlebitis, appears to have sufficient interest to place on record.. REFERENCES


Excerpt To the editor: I have read in the May 1976 issue a review by Dr. William B. Greenough III of Dr. Pascal James Imperato'sA wind in Africa. Since I have read this book, I wish to comment on t...


This paper presents the status of inertial sensor technology in underwater navigation applications, followed by a prediction of where inertial instrument technology is heading and in which applications the future sensor technologies will find a niche. Many kinds of sensors have been developed. The GPS is cheap and ubiquitous, but it is uncertain whether it would be continuously available in military scenarios.


Directional detection of nuclear recoils is broadly desirable in nuclear and particle physics. At low recoil energies, this capability may be used to confirm the cosmological origin of a dark matter signal, to penetrate the so-called neutrino floor, or to distinguish between different neutrino sources. Gas Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) can enable directional recoil detection if the readout granularity is sufficiently high, as is the case when micro-pattern gaseous detectors (MPGDs) are utilized. A key challenge in such detectors is identifying and rejecting background electron recoil events caused by gamma rays from radioactive contaminants in the detector materials and the environment. We define new observables that can distinguish electron and nuclear recoils, even at keV-scale energies, based on the simulated ionization's topology. We perform a simulation study that shows these observables outperform the traditionally used discriminant, dE/dx, by up to three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, these new observables work well even at ionization energies well below 10keV and remain robust even in the regime where directionality fails.


Abstract : The Joint Forcible Entry capability, which is arguably the most complex and risky joint military operation, has not been validated 'since the wars began. The U.S. diplomatic efforts with its future adversaries and its ability to project power to achieve strategic objectives will be dramatically different once the U.S. loses its ability to conduct forcible entry. There is nothing to suggest that the requirement for forcible entry will disappear. It is incumbent upon the joint force to find tactical and technological means to counter the challenges that the current and future threat environments present to a forcible entry operation. Solutions to emerging threats will take the form of various parts of the Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Personnel, Leadership, and Facilities spectrum. The training and acquisition programs of the individual services need to be coordinated to create forcible entry exercises that simultaneously conduct airborne and amphibious forcible entries with the introduction of follow on forces. The creation of a Joint Operational Forcible Entry Concept would create a framework for the development of the forcible entry capability in the Department of Defense.


A 16‐year‐old girl presented with a 12‐month history of generalized hair shedding from the scalp. The onset of shedding coincided with the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and iron deficiency. At the time of initial presentation, the Hashimoto's thyroiditis had been treated with Neo‐Mercazole and she was euthyroid. Her iron stores were low, with a ferritin level of 13 µg/L. As she was vegetarian, oral iron replacement therapy was commenced without further investigation. On follow‐up 6 months later, her iron stores were normal (ferritin, 36 µg/L), but the hair shedding had continued. On examination, there was a positive hair pull test from both the vertex of the scalp and the occipital scalp. There was mild bitemporal recession, but no widening of the central part, and she appeared to have a full, thick head of hair ( Fig. 1 ). Additional investigations at that time revealed normal thyroid function and negative antinuclear antibody (ANA) and syphilis serology. She was on no medication other than Neo‐Mercazole. Serum testosterone, dihydroepiandosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were normal. Two 4‐mm punch biopsies were taken from the vertex of the scalp; one was sectioned horizontally and the other vertically. The vertical section was unremarkable. On the horizontal section, there were 32 hair follicles in total, 30 of which were terminal hairs and two of which were vellus hairs. One hair was in telogen. The ratio of terminal to vellus hairs was 15 : 1.


As far as the diagnosis is concerned, Wollensak (1965) said that infants and toddler—in contrast to adolescents and adults—often show signs of general illness, such as a raised temperature and fatigue. Conjunctival pseudomembranes may also occur in such children (1).

Regional (mostly preauricular) lymph nodes are palpable in 80–90% of cases in the initial days of the conjunctivitis (1).

Early-stage keratoconjunctivitis in adults is characterized by crimson-red and edematous, velvety appearing swelling of the plica semilunaris and the caruncle (1).

Typically, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) does not lead to recurrence. Conjunctival hemorrhages of different extents are not rare in adenovirus infection. They are, however, not pathognomonic, since the rarer pneumococcal conjunctivitis can also cause local hemorrhages. Important diagnostic tools that are recommended in the early stages include Giemsa staining of conjunctival scrapings and a finding of a lymphocytic inflammation (3).

Occasionally, the clinical symptoms of EKC may mask herpes conjunctivitis (3). Since no causal treatment is known so far, the symptoms should be alleviated by using artificial tears, eye drops with unspecific effects for humidification of the eye (3). W Manz (2) mentioned cold compresses to alleviate pain, among others. In order to prevent further transmission, the recommended hygiene measures, especially in household settings, include strict separation of washing utensils, such as soap or towels from those of other residents.


Lecithin contains many ingredients;they are phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylinositol,phatidylserine,phosphatidic acid etc.which can provide many kinds of nutrition for aquatic animals.In vivo,lecithin is the main composition of cell membrance that can maintain cellularity and function.It is also important to the growth and differentiation of cells,metabolism of lipids,signal transduction,homeostasis and immunity,etc.This paper reviews the effects of lecithin on growth,resistance to fatty liver,immunity of aquatic animals,expecting to provide useful reference for aquaculture.


President Obama did not go to Congress to obtain an authorization to use military force prior to ordering bombing operations on Libya in March 2011, which enlivened discord over the constitutionality and efficacy of the War Powers Resolution ("WPR"). This Article examines the applicable provision, § 5(b), which scholars have designated the most controversial and perhaps unconstitutional provision of the WPR. The paper succinctly addresses an Originalist/Structuralist conception of constitutional war powers to frame presidential transgressions that started with the Korean War and the Vietnam War, which were the impetuses that impelled Congress to adopt the WPR. The work then probes distinctions between receiving a congressional authorization to deploy the military into large-scale conflict, and indulging in unofficial sanctions to deploy U.S. soldiers into potential hostilities under the WPR; termination of combat operations under the WPR; and use of force operations by the Reagan, Bush, Clinton, and Obama Administrations since the WPR was enacted. A concluding proposal aspires to clarify the WPR.


Objective: Covid-19 is characterized by higher rates of morbidity and mortality; when accompanied with hypertension and diabetes mellitus comorbidities. The incidence of hypertension among patients with Covid-19 ranged from 15%-20% to 30%-35%. To investigate the effect of on-admission SBP reading on the severity and the clinical outcome of hypertensive hospitalized patients with COVI-19. Design and method: A retrospective hospital-based study conducted in 2022 based on 2021 records at Jabra Isolation Centre/Sudan. Using the FMOH triage Protocol Checklist for Acute Respiratory Sickness at health institutions designed on 2020, onset of COVID-19; the severity was measured. The clinical outcome, record-based, was either death, discharged with residual complications or fully recovered. Results: 317 patients were enrolled; 205 (65%) were males, 135 (42.6%) were hypertensive of which 67 (49.7%) were hypertensive diabetic. The deaths were 183 (57.7%); of which 76 (41.5%) were hypertensive. The mean on-admission SBP of hypertensive was 139 ± 24.4 mmHg; of hypertensive non-diabetic was 91± 8.8mmHg; and of hypertensive diabetic was 139±27 mmHg. Using on-admission SBP: 72 (53.3%) of hypertensive (135) were critical, 47 (34.8%) were severe and 16 (11.9%) were moderate/mild. There was no significant association between age of hypertensive and severity. There was significant association between severity and outcome P (0.047). There was no significant difference between SBP on-admission and categories of severity nor outcome. There was significant difference in death between the age groups of hypertensive Chiq square 0.86; highest with age >60 years. Conclusions: The mean on-admission SBP of the hypertensive diabetic was higher than of the hypertensive non-diabetic. There was significant association between the severity and outcome; but no significant difference between SBP on-admission and categories of severity nor outcome. The total deaths were 57.7% of which 41.5% were hypertensive and highest with age >60 years. The on-admission SBP did not have significant difference with the categories of severity nor the clinical outcome.


The way of an estimation of parameters of efficiency of information safety (IS) of the automated control systems of special assignment (MIS SA) is considered. The substantiation of quantity indicator IS which on IS in the automated systems, in particular, does not contradict requirements of supervising documents is resulted


Abstract Flow compensation, a gradient pulse used for artifact reduction, often used to suppress cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow artifacts in spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be switched off to make the CSF flow voids within syrinx (syringomyelia) and within aqueduct [normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)] more obvious (thus confirming CSF flow). It is a simple method which does not require much time or expertise.


Contemporarily, rapid process of globalization and population flow is no longer a new phenomenon. Under such background, multiculturalism promotes social integration, and development of innovative industries. The inherent characteristics of multiculturalism also improve the re-contribution of creative inspiration, thus promoting the development of new culture. This article proposes to analyze from the perspective of multicultural background, and evaluate the social identity of art education and the innovative interdisciplinary education model of art education. 1. Multicultural Mobility Inspires Creative Inspiration and Builds New Art Space 1.1 Cultural Mobility Inspired Art Learning and Creation In contemporary rapid process of globalization, population flow is no longer a new phenomenon. In the late 80s of last century, the European Union formally raised the term mobilité that was gradually accepted and implemented by pedagogy. In fact, due to the acceleration of globalization, regardless of individuals or groups, willing or unwilling population flow, population mobility will be globalized in macro-level and personal experiences will be individualized in micro-level through the change and integration of political, economic and ecological environments; the phenomenon also reflects the constant change of people's identity and the increase in uncertainty. This also leads to the creation of more multicultural, interdisciplinary and artistic educational methods in the field of art. What is urging us to distinguish population mobility from the concept of the flow of population and land are that the development of artificial intelligence and globalization. Because the contemporary term is no more only refers to the displacement of individuals and capital, also includes the changes of migrated people in the new environment, such as social relations, intercultural communications, differentiation in customs and the differences in image symbols. In other words, after the migration process (changing the resident and living environment), the cultural background of migrants not only bring the cultural exchange and collision to the new environment, but also create a "third culture", which means, multicultural reintegration, through personal thinking and experience shaped by cultural impact. In art education, intercultural art learning and teaching, other than only through the film and television images and historical literatures, also can create collision between cultures through the form of cultural exchange. In major art institutions, mainly through international students or exchange of students between colleges, and through the cooperative art exhibition between organizations or galleries cooperation can also achieve short-term communication of art works. There may be a variety of mobile relationships between individuals and groups at different times; this can also lead to a series of complex cohesion and division by the group of people who are moving through experiences with tension relationship and differences such as observation, novelty, exclusion, acceptance, ambiguity, then triggering the re-creation of the inherent creative system. Whether it is for the original immobile groups or migrant groups (or individuals) are activated manufacturers of "new culture space". Through the integration of multiculturalism can not only produce new things, but also training the participants outside the adaptability, acceptance, social integration and other sociological, humane and other issues. These abilities have been improved, stimulating the creation of art and the perception of things, as well as thinking about the diversity of dimensions. 3rd International Symposium on Social Science (ISSS 2017) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 61


Background: Studies of bisphosphonate use and breast cancer recurrence have produced conflicting results. Analyses of large adjuvant trials suggest that bisphosphonates reduce recurrence risk only in postmenopausal women. Methods: We assessed the effect of noncancer treatment–related bisphosphonate use on breast cancer outcomes in a population-based prognostic cohort of women with early-stage invasive breast cancer (n = 1,813; median follow-up = 11.8 years). Using medical record, interview, and cancer registry data, information was assembled on risk factors, cancer treatment, medication use, and outcomes. Statistical analyses used Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Bisphosphonate use was associated with a significantly decreased risk of a breast cancer event [locoregional/distant recurrence or second primary breast cancer; HR ever use, 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47–0.90]. Reduced risks were observed in both pre/peri and postmenopausal women, in both ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancers, and for both earlier and later recurrences. Bisphosphonate use was also associated with a significantly decreased risk of breast cancer mortality (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23–0.69). Conclusions: Bisphosphonate use was associated with a reduction in risk of breast cancer events and improved breast cancer–specific survival in women with early-stage breast cancer. We hypothesize that the benefit of bisphosphonates on breast cancer outcomes may be present primarily in women with low bone density and regardless of menopausal status. Impact: Our findings suggest further consideration of bone density status as a modifier of bisphosphonate's potential beneficial benefits on breast cancer outcomes is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 165–73. ©2017 AACR.


This paper addresses the parts-grouping problem that arises in automated manufacturing environments where appropriate cutting tools must be loaded on Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines to process a variety of parts. Since tool-loading times may be considerably long and reduce available machine processing times, it is important to find a mutually exclusive grouping of parts such that the total number of tools required by each group does not exceed the tool-magazine capacity and the number of groups is minimized. We present an integer programming formulation of the problem and develop a lower bounding procedure using Lagrangean decomposition. We then introduce valid inequalities to improve the quality of the lower bounds obtained from the relaxed problem. Our solution procedure for the lower bounding problem requires only one set of Lagrange multipliers, which reduces the required computational effort significantly. We also modify the lower bound solution heuristically to find an upper bound. The lower and upper bounds are then incorporated in a branch-and-bound scheme to search for an optimal solution. Our computational comparisons with the best existing solution procedures from the literature show that our procedure performs better on average, and for the majority of test problems within the scope of our experiments.


Beads on a vibrating wire are used to simulate the discrete structure of a solid-state material. The novel idea of the experiment is to use very small oscillation amplitudes of the wire to avoid nonlinearities in the interaction. We achieve a good signal-to-noise ratio using a lock-in technique. We find quantitative agreement between theory and experiment for not only a mono- and a diatomic chain, but also for the bare wire. The latter agreement is the crucial aspect that distinguishes our experiment from previous ones. This agreement assures that the fundamental assumption of the theory (Hooke's law) is satisfied. We show that the properties of phonon dispersion curves are not special, and that the same band structures occur when the wavelength of any wave becomes comparable to the length scale of a discrete periodicity.


Patients and Methods: The present study included 50 patients diagnosed as acute anterior myocardial infarction and admitted at coronary care unit of Benha university hospital from January 2011 to September 2011; there mean age was 57±9.4, 88% were male and only 12% were females. All patients were subjected for full history taken included age, sex, risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) as diabetes smoking, hypertension. ECG was done for every patients with analysis of P wave to determine maximum P wave dispersion (P max.), minimum P wave dispersion (P min.), and the difference in between P max. and P min. called PWD. Echocardiography was done for all patients to determine LA and LV dimensions, LVEF, and also tissue Doppler performed to determine Em/Am ratio and systolic S wave by pulsed wave tissue Doppler at lateral wall of mitral valve on apical four chamber view.


In the tectonic compressive areas in west China, the shale resistivity is a sensitive indicator of terrestrial stress in the horizontal tectonics. With the help of J.G. Patchett′s work, the mechanism of shale electrical conductivity is discussed in the highly compressive areas. It′s shown that the terrestrial stress distribution plays a dominant role in changes of shale resistivity. This special characteristic of shale can be applied to petroleum exploration, including qualitatively and quantitatively determining the terrestrial stress distributions along wells; determining the favorable terrestrial stress environments in high quality reservoir and assessing sealing ability of caprocks in the compressive areas.


A simple threshold voltage expression based on an approximate three-dimensional analysis has been obtained for MOSFET's with the LOCOS isolation structure. It predicts both the short-channel and the narrow-width effects on the threshold voltage of MOSFET's, and the results match the experimental data. In addition, the threshold expression is more general than any other existing models. It includes all the relevant device parameters, such as the drain voltage, the oxide and surface charges, and the fringe field through the oxide sidewalls.


We have created a map of the large-scale infrared surface brightness in excess of that associated with the atomic interstellar medium, using region-by-region correlations between the far-infrared and 21 cm line surface brightness. Our study updates and extends a previous attempt with the Infrared Astronomical Satellite and Berkeley/Parkes H I surveys; in this study we used far-infrared (60-240 μm) data from the Cosmic Background Explorer Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment and 21 cm data from the combined Leiden-Dwingeloo and Parkes 21 cm line surveys. Using the maps of excess infrared emission at 100, 140, and 240 μm, we created an atlas and identified the coherent structures. These infrared excess clouds can be caused both by dust that is warmer than average or by dust associated with gas other than the atomic interstellar medium. We find very few warm clouds—which are relatively bright at 60 μm—such as the H II region around the high-latitude B-type star α Vir and a new cloud of unknown origin that we name DIR 015+54. Using the ratio of 100 to 240 μm brightness, we find that infrared excess clouds are cold. The dust temperature in atomic gas is 19 ± 2 K, while the dust temperature in known high-latitude molecular clouds (all of which have infrared excess) is 15.5 ± 1 K. The dust temperature in those infrared excess clouds that are not known to be associated with molecular clouds (generally because they have never been observed) is 17 ± 2 K, suggesting they are similar to high-latitude molecular clouds. Infrared excess clouds are peaks of column density rather than dust temperature, and their excess infrared emission is likely due to dust associated with molecular gas. For a large region in Ursa Major-Ursa Minor-Camelopardalis, where the CO(1 → 0) line has been surveyed, we correlated the infrared excess CO line integral, allowing us to measure X = N(H2)/W(CO) = (1.3 ± 0.2) × 1020 cm2 (K km s-1)-1 for high-latitude molecular clouds. Our measurement of X takes into account the low dust temperature in molecular gas; this correction amounts to a factor of 3.8 increase in the X-value that would naively be determined using only 100 μm, CO, and H I data. Our value of X is consistent with a recent γ-ray determination for the same region, while it is a factor of about 2 lower than the value determined for the inner galactic plane. The surface mass density of infrared excess clouds is 0.3 M☉ pc-2. The atlas of infrared excess clouds may be useful as a guide to regions of relatively high interstellar column density, which might extinct light from extragalactic objects at optical to ultraviolet wavelengths and confuse structures in the cosmic background at infrared to microwave wavelengths.


The use of a new discrete feedback linearization technique in the control of robotic manipulators is considered. The approach includes the digital implementation as a constraint in the design. The feedback law is parameterized by the sampling period. The resulting discrete state feedback produces a loss of linearity one order of magnitude smaller than that produced by conventional techniques.<<ETX>>


Objective To explore the clinical pathological features of lung carcinoid tumor,for accumulating clinical experience,improving the diagnosis and treatment.Methods 15 cases of lung carcinoid tumor were retrospectively analyzed in the imaging examination,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment.Results 15 patients were treated by surgical operation,including 8 cases of lobectomy,4 cases of pneumonectomy,2 cases of sleeve resection,1 cases of wedge resection.7 cases were treated by postoperative radiotherapy,chemotherapy and combined therapy.15 cases were confirmed by pathologic diagnosis after surgery.Conclusion The operation resection is most method to lung carcinoid tumor.The pathology is the most mdthod to diagnosis.The prognosis of pulmonary carcinoid tumor is good.The role of chemoradiation is uncertain.


This study analysed the socio-economic effects of the European Union Micro Projects Programme (MPP6) on rural livelihoods in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the aid of Validated and structured questionnaire administered on 80 randomly selected household heads from benefiting communities of MPP6 projects. These were analysed using percentages, frequency tables, mean and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression technique. The results showed that the executed projects in the study area included primary school blocks, health centres and boreholes. The major effects of the projects included evolution of sustainable base for quality service provision to the poor, establishment and strengthening of social cohesion among the local people, instilling of democratic spirit in the people at the grassroots, and reduction of unemployment. The determinants of the perceived effects of the projects included educational level, age, social organization membership and occupation. The smooth execution of the projects in the study area was hampered by inadequacy of skills needed for project identification by the local people, and difficulty in providing initial grant. The study recommended that attention should be paid towards educating the local people on needs assessment and project identification. The scope of activities of the programme should be widened to include agriculture which constitutes the main source of livelihoods of rural people.


Abstract Brain tumours are the leading cause of cancer related death in children with limited treatment options and high recurrence rates. Recent evidence suggests there may be anti-tumoral properties of cannabinoids, and of cannabidiol (CBD) in particular. We evaluated the effect of CBD on paediatric brain tumour cell lines in 2D and 3D spheroids; pHGG (SF188), ependymoma (BxD-1425EPN) and human astrocytes. At the CBD EC50 concentration, astrocytic cell death was insignificant. 3D spheroids decreased in size by approximately 20% when cultured in CBD compared to cells only after 5-day exposure. Cell death increased with time after a single dose of CBD. Western Blot showed an increase in Lc3b expression (autophagy) after 24 hours incubation (early cell death) with CBD in both BxD-1425EPN and SF188 with PARP expression (apoptosis) increased after 5 days incubation (late cell death). Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease of cells in G1 and no change in G2 indicating cell cycle arrest. In hypoxia, SF188 and BxD-1425EPN cells showed decreased cell death after 24 hours and 5 days when compared to normoxia and an EC50 within acceptable limits could not be achieved. SF188 cells pre-treated with receptor antagonists indicate that CBD was not acting through CB1, CB2, GPR18, PPARα or PPARγ receptors but may act as a partial agonist of the TRPV1 and 5-HT1A receptors and a full agonist of the GPR55 receptor (resazurin assay). This provides evidence that CBD is effective at killing paediatric brain tumour cells and does not have a significant effect on normal astrocytes.


Abstract : This thesis demonstrates the use of the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence on the battlefield. The use of the theory in a Decision Aid or Decision Support System for the Intelligence Analyst will speed the force commander's Command and Control Cycle. The Command and Control Cycle is modelled and a benefit of enhanced command and control is described. The Dempster-Shafer theory is discussed using tactical battlefield examples. A Dempster-Shafer Decision Aid is presented as well as methods for improving computational speed. A specific application area, Situation Development Analysis in the All Source Analysis System (ASAS) is proposed.


The reformation necessity of basic chemical experiment teaching system was preliminarily discussed.The experimental teaching curriculum reform,teaching mode and operation mechanism was proposed to establish a new experiment teaching system with its development of modern science.The facts show the experimental education model has not only cultivated innovation ability of undergraduate but also accelerated exploiture and usage of region resource.


Traditionally India ink has been used to mark surgical resection margins, more recently with acetone to aid drying. Alternative methods have been suggested in recent months, including solutions of alcian blue, and Tippex. These methods use one colour only and Tippex is radiodense. Artists' pigments have been used, but their radiodensity makes them unsuitable for the detailed mammograms of the sliced screened specimens. An alternative method was specifically designed for impalpable breast lesions. It is based on coloured gelatins that are painted on to the biopsy specimen before dissection. The markers are radiolucent, quick to set, and do not penetrate the connective tissue. They can be applied to both fresh and fixed tissues, and the cost is about LO-05 a specimen. The system is also suitable for marking other large specimens. Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW J S Armstrong I P Weinzweig,


On 1 August 1989, the introduction of a National Curriculum of subjects to all maintained schools throughout England and Wales brought compulsory science education into the primary sector for the first time. As a direct result of its elevated profile and an immense amount of hard work and effort by teachers and other professionals responding to requirements, science education provision benefited enormously. Despite this, however, successive overhauls and radical revisions of primary science have brought about many questionable changes, some not necessarily for the better or resulting in improvement. This article presents a critical, analytical and personal review of the history and development of science in the primary school and draws attention to the need for care at times when classroom practices and expectations are driven by national science curricula that remain to be fully informed. Astronomy is used to contextualize some of the changes at their most extreme.


Power integrity (PI) is among the main concerns in the design process of multilayer packages and printed circuit boards (PCBs). Based on Transmission Matrix Method (TMM), the PI performance of a Ball grid array (BGA) package mounted on a PCB is investigated in this paper. The power/ground planes and the power/ground balls on a PCB and package are entirely equivalent to distributed RLGC circuits model and co-analyzed. From this model, power performance could be computed with high efficiency. Moreover, a design rule of power/ground balls arrangement is obtained by reducing the equivalent inductance and equivalent capacitance of BGA for good power integrity performance.