Pixel lensing, gravitational microlensing of unresolved stars, is potentially much more sensitive and much more widely applicable than is generally recognized. I give explicit expressions for the pixel noise induced by a time-variable PSF, by photometric and geometric misalignment, and by discrete pixelization, and I show that these can all be reduced below the photon noise. Pixel lensing can be divided into two regimes. In the ``semi-classical'' regime, it is similar to classical lensing in that it measures the time scale of individual events. In the ``spike'' regime, it measures the total optical depth but not individual time scales. I present simple expressions for the boundary between the two regimes and for the event rate in the latter one. These expressions can be used to quickly classify all potential pixel lensing experiments. Pixel lensing can measure the luminosity function as well as the mass function of stars in target galaxies to a distance of a few Mpc. Future space-based pixel lensing could be $\sim 5$ times more effective in the infrared than in the optical, depending on developments in detector technology. Pixel techniques can also be applied to non-pixel-lensing problems including the search for unresolved variable stars and follow up observations of lensing events found in classical lensing searches. To benefit fully from pixel-lensing techniques, follow-up observations should have resolutions of at least 5 pixels per FWHM.


Protestant Christianity came to the East Asia in the 19th century. The first Protestant residential missionaries entered the Korean peninsula in 1885....


We determine the group of linear transformations on a vector space $V$ that preserve a polynomial function $f$ on $V$ for several interesting pairs $(V,f)$, using the theory of semisimple algebraic groups.


Band-rejection filters comprise a set of resonant circuits connected to a transmission line and to each other, such that an undesired band of frequencies is selectively removed from the incident spectrum. Commonly, the resonant circuits take the form of cavities, which are iris-coupled to a main line. The cavities are spaced an odd multiple of lambda g/4, where lambda g refers to the main line guide wavelength. This spacing results in properly phased addition of the attenuation due to each resonant cavity. The amount of attenuation contributed at any frequency is set by the coupling iris, and is pre-determined by the particular network synthesis utilized.


and equal participation in decision-making structures, but it does not inand-of itself eliminate differentiated class interests and tensions. True "social governance of the means of production" and long-term democratic environmental planning based on human need requires social ownership over key sectors of the economy. In this sense, the ideals of socialism are integral to the construction of a viable radical democracy, even though socialism does not guarantee the realization of these democratic-ecological ideals. Class interests under socialism must come to be represented via a variety of mechanisms, movements, and institutions. Radical socialist democracy should insure that those who labor inside the factory, those who reside in households and communities outside the factory, and those who consume the products produced by the factory, all share in the economic planning process and administration of society. In this regard, a socialist pluralism would imply a broadening of traditional conceptions of class to include other issues of power and oppression as presented by political ecology, the women's movement, civil and human rights, consumer product safety advocates, and other social movements of a genuine civil society.


[Objective]The theoretical guidance for the production of high quality Vitis amuremsis Rupr.was provided through the research on the treatment of NAA and 6-BA affecting its fruit anthocyanin and related quality.[Method]The effect of the treatment of NAA(200 mg/L) or 6-BA(100 mg/L) in the color-turning period of Vitis amuremsis Rupr.variety-Shuanghong on its fruit coloration and related quality was analyzed.[Result]The results showed that the content of soluble solid material and anthocyanin in the Shuanghong fruit treated by NAA was significantly lower than that of CK and the content of titratable acid was significantly higher than that of CK.The content of soluble solid material and anthocyanin in the Shuanghong fruit treated by 6-BA was significantly higher than that of CK and the content of titratable acid was significantly lower than that of CK.[Conclusion]The application of 6-BA could improve the quality of Vitis amuremsis Rupr.and increase the content of anthocyanim,but the application of NAA would not be beneficial to the improvement of its quality and content of anthocyanim.


HighlightsAs a non-invasive temperature detection technology, IRT can provide dynamic information on skin temperature changes caused by physiological processes of livestock.IRT will become a more valuable detection tool for evaluating various signs and behavior changes of livestock.With the continuous development of information technology, it is necessary to use IRT to explore more expected and innovative information.Abstract. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive temperature detection technology characterized by non-destructive, long-distance measurement and high sensitivity. IRT measures mid-wave to long-wave infrared radiation emanating from objects and converts this radiation into visual images or videos of the temperature distribution and temperature changes. Because temperature is an important environmental parameter that affects livestock physiology and metabolic heat production, measurement of animal temperature and energy exchange in field environments is a useful tool for understanding physiological changes in animals. Traditional measurement methods of animal temperature are extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive. As a non-contact method, IRT provides a new method for physiological data acquisition. However, IRT is also subject to a number of uncertainties, thus requiring optimal modeling using built-in software. Therefore, this study reviews applications of IRT in livestock production, including reproduction, growth, and diseases, and discusses some of the better-known approaches and the latest research findings for IRT in livestock production. Keywords: Diseases, Growth, Infrared thermography, Reproduction.


With written text, we are in contact every day. Legibility of the writing is of fundamental importance in the flow of information. Research and application of results in countries Visegrad group significantly lagged behind the Anglo-Saxon countries. For the Slovak language was developed relevant metrics determining legibility of the text. The way it is possible to measure the difficulty of the text point out the scale LIX. We point out the incorrectness download metrics set for other languages. In this work we have set criteria for the instrument difficulty of the text that are not language-specific. These criteria allow 'choice of instrument performance of text from a wider group structures. Shall also submit a draft of the instrument, as a result of the application of these criteria. Here are the explanatory value of the parameter for statistical processing xxx text boxes, where the length of a text was 10 sentences.. Key words : text, readability, formula, LIX Normal 0 21 false false false SK X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Objectives National and international evidence-based guidelines for hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) recommend to start with non-surgical treatments, followed by surgical intervention if a patient does not respond sufficiently to non-surgical treatments, but there are indications that these are not optimally used. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which all recommended non-surgical treatments were used by patients with hip or knee OA who receive(d) a total hip or knee replacement, as reported by patients and orthopaedic surgeons. Setting We performed two cross-sectional internet-based surveys among patients and orthopaedic surgeons throughout the Netherlands. Participants 195 OA patients either have undergone total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty no longer than 12 months ago or being on the waiting list for surgery with a confirmed date within 3 months and 482 orthopaedic surgeons were invited to participate. Primary and secondary outcome measures The use of recommended non-surgical treatments including education about OA/treatment options, lifestyle advice, dietary therapy, physical therapy, acetaminophen, NSAIDs and glucocorticoid injections. Results 174 OA patients (93%) and 172 orthopaedic surgeons (36%) completed the surveys. Most recommended non-surgical treatments were given to the majority of patients (eg, 80% education about OA, 73% physical therapy, 72% acetaminophen, 80% NSAIDs). However, only 6% of patients and 10% of orthopaedic surgeons reported using a combination of all recommended treatments. Dietary therapy was used least frequently. Only 11% of overweight and 30% of obese participants reported having received dietary therapy and 28% of orthopaedic surgeons reported to prescribe dietary therapy to overweight patients. Conclusions While most recommended non-surgical treatments were used frequently as single therapy, the combination is used in only a small percentage of OA patients. Especially, use of dietary therapy may be improved to help patients manage their symptoms, and potentially delay the need for joint arthroplasty.


It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the UMAP 2020 LBR and Demo Track, in conjunction with the 28th Conference on User Modelling, Adaptation and Personalization, held online from July 12 to 18, 2020. This track encompasses two categories: (i) Demos, which showcase research prototypes and commercially available products of UMAP-based systems, (ii) Late-breaking Results (LBR), which contain original and unpublished accounts of innovative research ideas, preliminary results, industry showcases, and system prototypes, addressing both the theory and practice of UMAP. The submissions spanned a wide scope of topics, ranging from novel techniques for user and group modeling, to adaptation and personalization implementations across different application scenarios. We received 25 LBR and 4 Demo submissions. Each submission was carefully reviewed by at least 3 members of the Demo and LBR program committee, which consisted of 55 members. Out of this total of 29 submissions, 17 LBR and 2 Demos were deemed of good quality by the reviewers, and were consequently accepted (65% overall acceptance rate). They were presented in the UMAP poster and demo sessions, which collectively showcased the wide spectrum of novel ideas and latest results in user modelling, adaptation and personalization. We would like to thank the members of the Program Committee for their reviews and discussions. We truly express our gratitude to the committee, for helping us in selecting a set of good quality contributions.


Increasing interest is being directed towards the concept of a "business model" by both academics and practitioners. This article draws particularly on the work of Morris, Schindehutte, and Allen (2005), and their recently proposed MSA business model framework. While this framework can be used to map a firm's business model, little applied research using the framework has been conducted. In the current project, the MSA framework is qualitatively applied to map the business model of a high growth, exporting, and entrepreneurial firm based in New Zealand. The findings from this practical application of the framework allow much needed investigation into the interdependency of a business model's components. This article contributes to the business model field by suggesting the MSA framework be extended to include three integral factors: brand, human capital, and organizational culture to make the framework more comprehensive, relevant, and useful. Implications for research using the framework are also highlighted.


The utility model provides an alternating magnetic field resistant manganin diverter, mainly comprising a manganin resistor body and sampling endpoints of the diverter, wherein one side of the diverter is provided with a conductor, both sides of the diverter are respectively provided with one sampling endpoint, the sampling endpoints are connected with sampling lines, the sampling line at one side of the diverter extends to the other side to divide the manganin resistor body into two portions with the same area, and is fixed with the sampling line at the other side, and then the sampling lines are spirally intertwisted, and extend. The alternating magnetic field resistant maganin diverter enables the sampling line near one side of the manganin resistor to extend near the other side of the manganin resistor, the manganin resistor is averagely divided into two portions with the same area, such that according to the Faraday electromagnetic induction law, when the diverter is influenced by the external alternating magnetic field, an induction voltage and an electromotive force are generated on the sampling line extending near the other side of the manganin resistor, and are balanced with the induction voltage and the electromotive force generated on the manganin resistor, thereby preventing the alternating magnetic field from generating influence on the diverter.


TiO2 is a celebrated photo-catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). However, its modification is necessitated by a narrow light response region and swift recombination of electrons and holes. Incorporating carbon dots (CDs) with TiO2 can broaden the light response range, while a composite of TiO2 with Pt can significantly enhance the catalytic performance and also suppress the electron–hole recombination process. Herein, we report the structural, optical and electrochemical evaluation of a new photo-electrocatalyst – platinized TiO2 sensitized by CDs – through a series of systematic studies. Reasonably, by combining both photo-catalytic and electro-catalytic mechanisms, the ternary composite catalyst (Pt/CD/TiO2) under irradiation shows better performance in the MOR in terms of the forward peak current density value of 2.5 mA cm−2, which exceeds that obtained without illumination by 24%. The performance enhancement can be attributed to the unique upconversion properties of CDs that allow the utilization of the visible solar range, which is otherwise restricted in case only TiO2 is present.


We investigate strati(cid:12)cations on the moduli space A g of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension g in characteristic p > 0. In this paper we give an easy algorithm determining the (cid:12)rst Newton slope of any generic point of each Ekedahl-Oort stratum.


The resting cell of Candida tropicalis have the features of accumulating alkane and dicarbonxylic acid as its intermediate products. The mechanics of the influence on the secretion of dicarbonxylic acid by the extracellular pH and the concentration of dicarboxylic acid anion in the broth were studied by measuring the change of pH in the phosphate buffer in which the resting cells were secreting acid. The amount of acid secreted was calculated promptly and accuratedly. A kinetic model based on the mechanics of acid secretion was proposed and model parameters were kitted by the random search method. The simulated results fit the experimental data well. The maxium error is less than 5%. The conclusion is that the effect on acid production of pH and dicarboxylic acid concentration can be explained properly.


Thirty‐seven guinea‐pigs experimentally infected with a virulent strain of L. icterohaemorrhagiae, were submitted to a renal function study as evaluated through the maximal urinary concentration (MUC) test, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and afterwards had their kidneys examined by light and electron microscopy. Vascular changes were also studied after the administration of colloidal carbon as a marker.


Objective: We have recently shown that circulatory fetal DNA levels are elevated in preeclampsia, even before the onset of symptoms. Most studies, however, quantified circulatory male fetal DNA with real-time PCR assays for the single-copy SRY locus on the Y chromosome. We have now examined both, the SRY assay for the single-copy locus and the DYS14 assay for the multi-copy locus in parallel on a cohort of 505 pregnant women, 16 of whom later developed preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women at approximately 21 weeks of gestation were recruited for this study. Circulatory fetal DNA in maternal plasma samples was quantified by real-time PCR assays specific for the SRY and DYS14 loci. Results: Circulatory fetal DNA levels were significantly elevated in those patients who subsequently developed preeclampsia when compared to those with uncomplicated deliveries and those complicated by chronic hypertension and IUGR. The SRY and DYS14 real-time PCR assays in this study achieved more than 97% accuracy for identification of fetal gender. The two approaches present a good diagnostic test to predict preeclampsia prior to the onset of symptoms. Discussion: Our data confirm that circulatory fetal DNA levels are elevated early in pregnancy in those patients who subsequently develop preeclampsia. The data suggest that circulatory male fetal DNA levels can be used as risk markers for early diagnosis of preeclampsia by both the DYS14 and SRY specific real-time PCR assays for the multi-copy and single-copy loci.


General The final goal and overall objective of the current research has been to modify lipid hydroperoxidation in order to create desirable phenotypes in two important crops, potato and tomato, which normally are exposed to abiotic stress associated with such oxidation. The specific original objectives were: (i) the roles of lipoxygenase (LOX) and phospholipids hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) in regulating endogenous levels of lipid peroxidation in plant tissues; (ii) the effect of modified lipid peroxidation on fruit ripening, tuber quality, crop productivity and abiotic stress tolerance; (iii) the effect of simultaneous reduction of LOX and increase of PHGPx activities on fruit ripening and tuber quality; and (iv) the role of lipid peroxidation on expression of specific genes. We proposed to accomplish the research goal by genetic engineering of the metabolic activities of LOX and PHGPx using regulatable and tissue specific promoters, and study of the relationships between these two consecutive enzymes in the metabolism and catabolism of phospholipids hydroperoxides. USA Significant progress was made in accomplishing all objectives of proposed research. Due to inability to regenerate tomato plants after transforming with 35S-PHGPx chimeric gene construct, the role of low catalase induced oxidative stress instead of PHGPx was evaluated on agronomical performance of tomato plant and fruit quality attributes. Effects of polyamine, that protects DNA from oxidative stress, were also evaluated. The transgenic plants under expressing lipoxygenase (LOX-sup) were crossed with catalase antisense (CAT-anti) plants or polyamine over producing plants (SAM-over) and the lines homozygous for the two transgenes were selected. Agronomical performance of these line showed that low catalase induced oxidative stress negatively affected growth and development of tomato plants and resulted in a massive change in fruit gene expression. These effects of low catalase activity induced oxidative stress, including the massive shift in gene expression, were greatly overcome by the low lipoxygenase activity. Collectively results show that oxidative stress plays significant role in plant growth including the fruit growth. These results also for the first time indicated that a crosstalk between oxidative stress and lipoxygenase regulated processes determine the outcome during plant growth and development. Israel Regarding PHGPx, most of the study has concentrated on the first and the last specific objectives, since it became evident that plant transformation with this gene is not obvious. Following inability to achieve efficient transformation of potato and tomato using a variety of promoters, model plant systems (tobacco and potato cell cultures, tobacco calli and plantlets, and Arabidopsis) were used to establish the factors and to study the obstacles which prohibited the regeneration of plants carrying the genetic machinery for overproduction of PHGPx. Our results clearly demonstrate that while genetic transformation and over-expression of PHGPx occurs in pre-developmental tissue stage (cell culture, calli clusters) or in completed plant (Arabidopsis), it is likely that over-expression of this enzyme before tissue differentiation is leading to a halt of the regeneration process. To support this assumption, experiments, in which genetic engineering of a point-mutated PHGPx gene enable transformation and over-expression in plants of PhSPY modified in its catalytic site and thus inactive enzymatically, were successfully carried out. These combined results strongly suggest, that if in fact, like in animals and as we established in vitro, the plant PHGPx exhibits PH peroxidase activity, these peroxides are vital for the organisms developmental process.


The UK Biobank study reports that in people with prediabetes and diabetes, lower vitamin D levels were associated with an increase in cardiovascular events and a raised all cause mortality. Whether this risk could be reducedbyvitamin supplements is anothermatter.Only a fewweeks ago,Minervanoteda large randomised controlled trial that found no benefits from five years of oral vitamin D3 supplementation in people aged 60 and over (Diabetes Care doi:10.2337/dc21-2193).


Background: Flow characteristics of vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials are important determinants in the selection of impression materials for the fabrication of accurate indirect restorations. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the flow of three commercially available VPS impression materials at different time intervals using a shark fin device (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). Study Setting and Design: This in-vitro study was carried out at the prosthodontics department of a dental institution. Methods and Material: The height of the shark fin produced by each impression material determined the rate of flow. Statistical Analysis: The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's test (p-0.05). Results: Shark fin height of group A VPS impression material was significantly higher at 30 and 120 seconds compared to group B and group C VPS impression materials. Shark fin height produced by group B VPS impression materials at 60 and 90 seconds was significantly higher than the group C VPS impression material but non-significant compared to group A. At 120 seconds, there was no significant difference in the shark fin heights of all the tested materials. Conclusion: All the materials exhibited adequate flow characteristics within clinically acceptable limits.


Recently, ionic plastic crystals (IPCs) have been actively investigated to develop all-solid-state rechargeable batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we report supercapacitors assembled with mesoporous carbon electrodes and an IPC electrolyte, N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ([C2mpyr][FSA]). [C2mpyr][FSA] with a 10 mol% lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (LiFSA) dopant was used as the solid electrolyte in the supercapacitors. The charge–discharge tests of the supercapacitors were performed at various C-rates in the voltage range of 0–2.5 V at 25°C. The capacitance of the cells was 12.3 Fg−1 at a lower C rate (1 C = 8.9 mA g−1). The capacitance retention of the supercapacitors was maintained at approximately 100% up to 20 C, which was comparable to that of the cells containing organic electrolyte solutions. The advantage of using solid electrolytes was the fabrication of bipolar cells using two pairs of mesoporous carbon electrodes and a [C2mpyr][FSA]/LiFSA composite. The charge–discharge tests of the bipolar cells were also performed in the voltage range of 0–5.0 V at 25°C. The capacitance of the bipolar cells was 6.4 Fg−1 at a lower C rate. The bipolar cells exhibited a typical charge–discharge profile for 1,000 cycles, confirming their stable cyclic performance. Thus, IPC electrolytes are interesting materials for developing all-solid-state high-voltage supercapacitors.


have based this paper on material from the first year of observing of Matthew. Within this period many different aspects and I themes have emerged concerning Matthew's growth and development within his family. I have been particularly aware of Matthew's relationship and interaction with his mother, Linda, and the beginnings of his independence, seen against a background of Linda's lack of a supportive partner. As Linda became ill with a serious back problem which affected her mobility, Matthew's physical development appeared to accelerate in parallel. I will concentrate, through a chronological narrative, on Matthew's relations to his objects and his means of achieving some separateness from them. I will look at his autonomy and muscularity and question how much this is the outcome of Linda's very intimate, attentive, good 'all round mothering and how much a compensation for an absent father and Linda's collapse. When I met Linda to set up and discuss the observation, she had been in a relationship with Matthew's father Alan for about five years. Linda, now in her mid-thirties, and Alan, had been trying to conceive for the last two years without success. Although initially Alan greeted the news of the pregnancy with pleasure, he moved out soon afterwards and despite continued expectations that he would return, provided only sporadic support or interest. He was present at Matthew's birth but never became a real part of the family. Linda, in contrast, had a strong desire to conceive and took to motherhood with ease. The role of mother in this family seemed to carry with it a culture of strength against adversity which was evident in the stoic good humour with which the females of the family coped. I later learned that Linda's father had also moved out of the family home when Linda was a teenager.


The term premenstrual syndrome has been used to describe the cyclic recurrence during the luteal phase of the menstrualcycle of a combination of changes in mood, behavior, cognition. and somatic function. The symptoms may be mild or severeenough to cause interpersonal relationships to deteriorate; the symptomsalso may interferewith normal activities.' This disorderhas been the object of considerableresearchfor more than 50 years. yet there is still enormous controversyconcerning the etiology. No consistentpathophysiologic changes have yet been identified and, as a result. treatments have been diverse.! Many of the treatments have been based eitheron an etiologic hypothesisor a specific symptom. Calcium-channel blockers have been proposed to be useful in treating the affectivesymptoms.' In a study conductedby Keyes. data were collected from 256 women who presented for evaluation and treatment of premenstrual symptoms. and had diagnosed themselves as having PMS. The mean age of this sample populationwas 34 years old and they had experiencedsymptoms for an averageof 11.1 years.On the average. these women had 14.1days of symptoms that began 13 days before the onset of menstrual flow and disappeared 24 hours after the onset. The symptoms experienced in the luteal phase of the menstrualcycle were physical.emotional.and behavioral. The most common physical symptoms were fatigue (98 percent), headache (91 percent). abdominal bloating (90 percent), breast tenderness and swelling(81 percent),acne (79 percent),joint pain(73 percent). decreased urination (70 percent). constipation (64 percent). uncoordination (57 percent), and herpetic and vaginal yeast infection (40 percent). The most common emotional symptoms were anxiety (98 percent).hostility (97 percent). and depression (97 percent). Approximately 70 percent of the women noted recurrent suicidal thoughts and 20 percent had attemptedsuicideone or more timesduring the lutealphase of a previous menstrual cycle. They described their hostility as explosive, irrational. and disruptiveto personal relationships. They complainedof intolerance to others. oversensitivity to rejection, a desire to be isolated. paranoia, panic attacks. fear. increased or decreased sexual drives, sensitivity to noise.a feelingof confusion,a decreasedability to concentrate,and a decreased levelof judgment.'


Abstract : This report makes recommendations concerning the modernization program and asbestos funding. The current school system modernization program does not reflect the realities of a program that is costing significantly more and taking longer to accomplish than originally planned. Further, given the District's current debt position, there is no assurance that additional funding will be forthcoming. Starting to build new schools has provided the school system with valuable experience concerning its cost and schedule projections. The school system has an opportunity to use this experience to create plans that are more realistic and feasible. In addition, without an appropriate level of funding for asbestos management, the school system risks not being able to address asbestos hazards and not complying with federal law. The school system has taken a reactive approach to asbestos management by funding activities only in the short-term and not budgeting sufficiently for future asbestos management needs.


Nitrate nitrogen (N) is a water-soluble and mobile form of N that is highly susceptible to leaching. Nitrogen leaching requires water movement and N present in the soil solution. The quantitative expression for N leaching includes two factors, the volume of leachate and the N concentration. Controlling nitrogen leaching presents a major challenge for nitrogen managing. Nitrogen managing strategies regarding rate and time of N applications must be developed for the specific soils, hydrology, and crop-tillage systems of individual fields. The diffusion-dispersion coefficient accounts for the various transport-controlled processes which include dispersion (mixing) and diffusion transport of the ions in concert with the liquid movement in the pores of the soil. Experiments studying transport of nitrate ions were conducted by soil column leaching tests in four soil columns separately. The dispersion-diffusion coefficients Di were estimated.


ABSTRACT This study which is entitled "Social Situation depicted in Carl Sandburg's Poems" focusing on the social situation  appeared in every single poem written by Carl Sandburg. The writer chooses ten poems which are the most famous literary works by Carl Sandburg and analyzes them by using extrinsic and intrinsic approach to discover the social meaning of every poem.This study uses the theory of Wellek and Werren (1976) about the relationship of literature and life. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the social situation in the ten poems written by Carl Sandburg and describe about the social situation depicted in his poems . The result of this study can be summarized as follows: all of the ten poems written by Carl Sandburg describe about the situation in Chicago and some of the poems describe about the nation. The social situation  depicted in Carl Sandburg poems are about poverty of the big city, the situation of the working class in big city, the spirit of people of the nation, social problems in the big city and the rights of poor people. The social situation depicted in Carl Sandburg's poems are dominated by the social problems that could not be solved by the government Keywords: Poems, Extrinsic Approach, Social Situation, Carl Sandburg


A concave diffraction grating (2400 grooves/mm) coated with a Si/Mo multilayer has an efficiency of 2.5% at 290 A and a resolving power of 14,000 in third order of 156 A.


Latest in the term 'dispora is the idea or event of 'displacement' which brings about an encounter with alien people and their culture. There may be 'displacement' of an individual or the migration of a population or a section of a social group. The historical event of migration does not end with physical 'displacement'; it includes the struggle for survival in the host country. Of all the problems that such dislocation brings forth, it is the problem of cultural identity without which an honourable survival cannot be imagined. Even those who are engaged in the evaluation of the diasporic saga of survival have to answer the questions related to socio-cultural dislocations.Such people have a characteristic psychology since they are tossed between hopes and fears, joys and sorrows, peace and restlessness, love and hatred, tolerance and anger and between worldliness and spirituality.


April 19, 2022 Type Package Title Functional Time Series: Dynamic Functional Principal Components Version 1.0.1 Date 2022-04-18 Author Hormann S., Kidzinski L. Maintainer Kidzinski L. <firstname.lastname@example.com> Description Implementations of functional dynamic principle components analysis. Related graphic tools and frequency domain methods. These methods directly use multivariate dynamic principal components implementation, following the guidelines from Hormann, Kidzinski and Hallin (2016), Dynamic Functional Principal Component <doi:10.1111/rssb.12076>. License GPL-3 Depends R (>= 2.15.0), mvtnorm, stats, graphics, base, fda, freqdom Suggests MASS, MARSS RoxygenNote 7.1.2 LazyData true NeedsCompilation no Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2022-04-19 00:04:34 UTC


Thespis, and Aeschylus, and was clearly interested in the beginnings of Comedy and Satyr plays. He may have been the source of statements on these subjects which are found in some later Hellenistic writers, but this is only speculation. Praxiphanes of Mytilene was said to have been a pupil of Theophrastus, and he later settled in Rhodes. He was clearly very well known as a literary critic. He wrote a dialogue 'On Poets' in which he introduced Isocrates talking to Plato on the estate of the latter, from which Diogenes Laertius naturally enough inferred a close friendship between Plato and Isocrates. The fragments were last edited by Professor Brink in C.Q,. 1946, who showed conclusively that Callimachus' treatise IIpos TIpa£uf>dvriv was an attack upon Praxiphanes from an anti-Peripatetic point of view. According to Apollodorus in his Chronica as cited by Diogenes Laertius (Praxiphanes fr. 5 Wehrli) Praxiphanes was 'heard' by Epicurus, and it has been supposed, e.g. by Bignone, L'Aristotele perduto, ii. 54 n. 1 and De Witt, Epicurus and his Philosophy, pp. 56-60, that this is correct and occurred in the period 321-311 B.C. It is no argument against this that Praxiphanes was later attacked by the Epicurean Carneiscus (Praxiphanes fr. 7). But Wehrli would follow Jacoby and Brink in doubting the story on chronological grounds—Praxiphanes was probably the same age or younger than Epicurus. This might be true, however, without excluding attendance by Epicurus at lectures given by Praxiphanes whether in Rhodes or Mytilene in order to learn about the thought of the Peripatos. Certainly Jacoby's explanation that Praxiphanes is miscopied for Nausiphanes gets no support from Diogenes Laertius who attributes both names to Apollodorus. As in the case of Phaenias and Chamaeleon we have only the most scanty fragments for Praxiphanes. Wehrli does what can be done to interpret them and to relate them to Peripatetic and Hellenistic themes. When it is a question of the historical truth of the statements in the fragments he is usually content to refer to discussions elsewhere or even to pass the matter over in silence. This makes for brevity in the commentary but does not always give the user the help to which he may reasonably regard himself as entitled.


You may wonder how Sufism, specifically women Sufi saints, might intersect with Christian discipleship. Indeed, you may not be familiar with women Sufi saints to begin with. Historically, Sufi women saints have been models of piety, who dedicated themselves to serving Allah. They have been teachers in religious colleges and authorities in religion; at the same time, their hearts have longed for intimacy with their Creator. Might learning more about women such as Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya and Fatima bint al-'Abbas encourage women believers from a Muslim background to set aside stereotypical roles and move into responsibilities in the Jamaat/jamaat that they would never have dreamed possible? Could knowing more about Sufi women saints assist me as a Christian to deepen my own spiritual walk? I expect it to be an encouragement to people in discipleship programs, should it not also be to me? I suggest that this conversation will help those from a western worldview, men and women, discover biblical stories that will be meaningful for the life in Christ to believers from a Muslim background (BMB).


ABSTRACT Genetic improvement of wheat for drought tolerance can be achieved by developing suitable ideotypes with enhanced yield-response associated with agronomic traits and biochemical markers. The objective of this study was to determine drought response of elite drought tolerant wheat genotypes using agronomic and biochemical traits to select promising lines for breeding. Fourteen wheat genotypes selected from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center's heat and drought tolerance nursery and one standard check variety were evaluated under drought-stressed (DS) and non-stressed (NS) conditions using a randomised complete block design in three replications. Significant (P < 0.05) genotype, drought condition and genotype × drought condition interaction effect were detected for the tested traits suggesting differential response of genotype for selection. Grain yield positively correlated with sucrose (r = 0.58; P < 0.05), fructose (r = 0.52; P < 0.05) and total sugar (r = 0.52; P < 0.05) contents under NS condition and with sucrose (r = 0.80; P < 0.001), total sugar (r = 0.84; P < 0.001) content, proline content (r = 0.74; P < 0.001) and number of grains per spike (r = 0.58; P < 0.05) under DS condition. Genetically unrelated wheat genotypes such as SM04, SM19, SM29, SM32, SM45 and SM97 possessing key agronomic and biochemical traits were selected for cultivar development for drought-stressed environments.


Abstract Migration is a form of human behaviour which has lent itself to careful measurement for a relatively long period of time. In 1885 Ravenstein set forth certain empirical laws concerning the relationship of migration to age and distance which have held up to the present. Since then an abundance of migration data has enabled social scientists to develop more precise models relating the volume or rate of migration to characteristics of the migrants or of the areas of origin and destination. Prominent among these models are the gravity model, the intervening opportunities model, a gravity type model including wage rates and unemployment rates developed by Lowry, and the Cornell mobility model.


The aim of present study was to investigate the intra oral distribution of Dentin hypersensitivityDH)& its relationship with age, sex, common causes, aggravating factors and patient'sawareness about dentine hypersensitivity of urban and rural patients of South Kanara population. The study was designed as a survey based on questionnaire and a total of2000 patients were randomly selected, who reported at the A.B. Shetty dental hospital and rural centers. On analysis of data, the prevalenceof dentin hypersensitivity was 27.9%. Cold was the most common (60.9%) aggravating factor and the most commoncause was gingival recession (56.8%), followed by non carious lesions (18%) with a strong predilection for middle aged females. It was also noted that general population has limited awareness about the causes,symptoms and treatment modalities of dentin hypersensitivity in South Kanara population. So, public awareness for dentinhypersensitivity should be undertaken.


There are a number of final finishing technologies available in the market, each with different cost and performance attributes. The unique attributes of the Selective ENIG process have made it a popular choice for mobile device and high density interconnect (HDI) applications. This hybrid final finishing process combines the benefits of both ENIG and organic solderability preservative (OSP) processes. ENIG surfaces typically exhibit excellent planarity, electrical contact performance, solderability, wire bondability and wear/abrasion resistance, while OSP shows excellent solder joint reliability. However, the OSP process, applied after the ENIG step, induces a great stress on the corrosion resistance of the ENIG deposit. Attack of the aggressive process chemistries used in the OSP process on an ENIG deposit with insufficient corrosion resistance might cause nickel corrosion, gold peel-off or solder joint failure, which could affect the reliability of final product. Appropriate corrosion protection against multiple passes through an OSP process is therefore required. A new electroless nickel, which is compatible with a low gold immersion gold process, has been developed to protect ENIG deposits from corrosion after multiple OSP exposures, and to minimize the potential for galvanic corrosion during immersion gold plating. In this article, the characteristics of this newly developed electroless nickel process are described. Corrosion resistance capability to OSP is compared with currently available ENIG processes. The solder joint intermetallic compound structure and reliability performance are also discussed.


Let G be a finite group and let S(possibly, contains the identity element) be a subset of G. The Bi-Cayley graph BC(G, S) is a bipartite graph with vertex set G×{ 0,1} and edge set {(g,0) (sg,1) : g ∈ G, s ∈ S}. A graph is said to be super-connected if every minimum vertex cut isolates a vertex. A graph is said to be hyper-connected if every minimum vertex cut creates two components, one of which is an isolated vertex. In this paper, super-connected and/or hyper-connected cubic Bi-Cayley graphs are characterized.


Stokes vector modulation (SVM) can be used together with multimode and mulitcore fibers. We study various algorithms for optimal geometric constellation shaping and bit-to-symbol mapping in the generalized Stokes space. We evaluate the performance of these constellations for optically-preamplified direct-detection receivers.


A case of failed tracheal intubation before emergency Caesarean section is described, with a safe and rapid mcunn of proccedinff with general anaesthesia.


In response to a move by the State to encourage smaller, more costly programs to explore potential efficiencies due to the improved technology available for distance learning, the Physics departments across the state formed a collaboration in which we could share responsibilities for course delivery across institutions. The idea was that it would be more efficient to have one instructor teach a course to several small classes at multiple institutions, rather than have several instructors teaching the same course to small classes at multiple institutions. No money changed hands between the participating institutions; students registered and paid their tuition locally for the course. Though skeptical, the department chairs across the state agreed to a plan that would begin with teaching an elective course to test the effectiveness of the webinar delivery method. If the webinar delivery format was deemed to provide a reasonably effective learning experience for students, we would then move on to a course that was required in some programs and elective in others. Finally, we would deliver a course that was required in all Physics programs, such as Mechanics. Optics is a course that is not required in all Physics programs. The course has now been taught twice using the webinar format to students at three institutions simultaneously. Students were polled both times to obtain feedback on their learning experience compared to a traditional classroom delivery. This paper reports on the advantages and disadvantages of the webinar delivery method as revealed by these surveys.


Equality, one of humans perpetual pursuits. A relatively equal society tends to develop in an equalized way, which actually is a symbol of social equality. Equalized development, one of practical development approach from scientific development perspective, can basically be achieved by enforcing fairness everywhere, which is the key to constructing a harmonious socialist society. Thus some basic strategies for promoting fairness include: establishing social security system, building up new values,fostering social public welfare system and developing service - oriented party system.


Cancer is a hyper proliferative disorder that is usually treated by chemotherapeutic agents that are toxic not only to tumour cells but also to normal cells, so these agents produce major side effects. And also, these agents are highly expensive and thus not affordable by most. Traditional medicines, functional foods and phytonutrients are generally free of the deleterious side effects and usually inexpensive. Protective elements in a cancer prevention diet include selenium, vitamin-E, vitamin-C, folic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, chlorophyll, and antioxidants such as the carotenoids (αcarotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, anthocyanidins and cryptoxanthin). Major dietary factors now known to promote cancer development are polished grain foods and low intake of fresh vegetables, with general importance for an unhealthy lifestyle and obesity. The strategies of cancer prevention in human being may include consumption of functional foods like whole grains (brown rice, Oats, hand pounded rice, whole wheat and whole fine millets) and their by-products, as well some vegetables (bitter melon, garlic, onions, broccoli, and cabbage) and mushrooms. Intake of flax seed, especially its lignin fraction is also evident to lower cancer risk. In addition some beverages (green tea and decaffeinated coffee) may be protective. The current review is certainly a positive approach in the development of novel guidelines against cancer by using dietary functional foods to maintain good health.


Severe acute liver failure in adults is a condition that may lead to several complications such as cerebral edema and acute kidney injury requiring liver transplant. Few studies analyze the benefit of dialysis therapies for decreasing bilirubin and ammonia levels to achieve metabolic compensation. In Ecuador there are no case reports of treatment with combined hemoperfusion and online hemodiafiltration. We report the case of a patient who was diagnosed with fulminant hepatic failure due to acute alcoholic hepatitis and concomitant acute kidney injury. We include the clinical course after adding two sessions of combined hemoperfusion and online hemodiafiltration to the conventional treatment.


This experiment aims to spread the one-step cultivation of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf with pine stump. one-step cultivation means to inoculate the selected Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf directly on the pine stump without any treatment. After baches experiment, one-step cultivation is improved and compared with the traditional cultivation of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, and one-step cultivation has its advantages of simple and convenient operation, low prduction cost One-step cultivation is worth being spreaded.


We present a fabrication method for freestanding complex 3D carbon microstructures utilizing a lithogaphy step and a heating step. We developed two fabrication methods for multi-level 3D SU-8 microstructures, which were used as polymer precursors in a carbonization process. In one method, multiple SU-8 layers were successively coated and cross-linked. In the other method, aligned partial exposures were used to control the thickness of the freestanding SU-8 layer. Freestyle, freestanding carbon microstructures were fabricated by heating 3D SU-8 microstructures below 1000 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Characterization of the pyrolysis process, through measurements such as dimensional changes, roughness, hardness, elastic modulus and resistivity, was performed for positive resists AZ5214 and AZ9260 as well as SU-8. 3D carbon microstructures fabricated using our methods can be utilized for various applications such as low cost resonating microsensors and microfluidics.


All political issues are driven by a combination of ideology and political calculation, Ms. Kennedy contends. Ultimately, Americans will have to decide whether an embrace of vouchers will further or erode the public interest - a determination that depends on our collective understanding of where our public interest lies and of the role we see for government. ARGUMENTS about the education of the young are at least as old as Socrates. However, it is fair to suggest that the voucher debate that has erupted over the past few years is qualitatively different from many that preceded it. Rather than arguing about whether public schools are deficient and, if so, in what respects, and rather than debating the merits of one "reform" over another, opponents now take sides over whether America should continue to support a system of free, publicly controlled schools or whether government's educational role should be reduced to dispensing vouchers to families that enable them to "buy" educational services in the marketplace. It is a classic political confrontation, engaging partisan strategies and implicating political ideologies. Politicians often refer to political campaigns as part "ground war" and part "air war." The ground war is the execution of political strategy, the coalition building and grassroots organizing, the polling and get- out-the-vote efforts. The air war - so named because it occurs primarily via ads on the electronic media - is the sum of the political messages, ideologies, and positions expressed in paid ads and other media coverage and in political oratory. Just as studying the air war alone will yield a misleading picture of a political campaign, focusing only on the publicly stated positions of voucher proponents and opponents will not adequately reflect the political realities involved. Identifying the participants and agendas of the ground war is a necessary framework for understanding the fundamental differences in political philosophy that constitute the air war. The Ground War: Partisans, Patronage, and the Constitution The politics of liberal democracies is the politics of faction, as Madison clearly understood. Individuals have economic interests, social goals, and political and religious beliefs that are affected by public policies and so motivate political behavior. In order to appreciate the dynamics of the voucher ground war, it helps to identify some of the most prominent stakeholders and the interests they seek to advance, because, as John Witte has noted, "The battle over vouchers may have more to do with money and with the allocation of power than with education."1 Pro-voucher interest groups include: Pro-market libertarians. These are the ideological proponents of vouchers, who genuinely believe that the state should have no control over education. They dismiss the need to transmit collective values, believing that the mission of schools is to prepare autonomous individuals to compete in the marketplace. Many pro-market libertarians see public schools as part of a New Deal expansive approach to government that they despise. Business. Chambers of commerce and groups like CEO America are ideologically allied with pro-market libertarians. In general, they distrust government bureaucracies and believe that competition will always produce the best goods and services at the lowest price. Businesses also need well-trained workers, and to the extent that the public schools are not providing those workers, they want to identify and correct the problem. Finally, some businesses see market opportunities if vouchers become a reality. In Ohio, economic opportunism of this sort was evidently a key element in the adoption of both the voucher program and charter school legislation.2 The Christian Right. The cultural conservatives of the Christian Right make up one of the largest and most active blocs working for vouchers. Groups such as the Christian Coalition and Citizens for Excellence in Education (CEE) might at first blush seem very strange bedfellows for libertarians, with whom they share little ideological ground. …


This paper introduces a stochastic AC-OPF (SOPF) for the flexibility management of electric vehicle (EV) charging pools in distribution networks under uncertainty. The SOPF considers discrete utility functions from charging pools as a compensation mechanism for eventual energy not served to their charging tasks. An application of the proposed SOPF is described where a distribution system operator (DSO) requires flexibility to each charging pool in a day-ahead time frame, minimizing the cost for flexibility while guaranteeing technical limits. Flexibility areas are defined for each charging pool and calculated as a function of a risk parameter involving the solution's uncertainty. Results show that all players can benefit from this approach, i.e., the DSO obtains a risk-aware solution, while charging pools/tasks perceive a reduction in the total energy payment due to flexibility services.


Significance In quantum mechanics, the electrons in a molecule are described by a mathematical object termed the wave function or molecular orbital. This function determines the chemical and physical properties of matter and consequently there has been much interest in measuring orbitals, despite the fact that strictly speaking they are not quantum-mechanical observables. We show how the amplitude and phase of orbitals can be measured in good agreement with wave functions from ab initio calculations. Not only do such measurements allow wave functions of complex molecules and nanostructures to be determined, they also open up a window into critical discussions of theoretical orbital concepts. The basis for a quantum-mechanical description of matter is electron wave functions. For atoms and molecules, their spatial distributions and phases are known as orbitals. Although orbitals are very powerful concepts, experimentally only the electron densities and -energy levels are directly observable. Regardless whether orbitals are observed in real space with scanning probe experiments, or in reciprocal space by photoemission, the phase information of the orbital is lost. Here, we show that the experimental momentum maps of angle-resolved photoemission from molecular orbitals can be transformed to real-space orbitals via an iterative procedure which also retrieves the lost phase information. This is demonstrated with images obtained of a number of orbitals of the molecules pentacene (C22H14) and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (C24H8O6), adsorbed on silver, which are in excellent agreement with ab initio calculations. The procedure requires no a priori knowledge of the orbitals and is shown to be simple and robust.


Lack of information media about Baduy Tribe culture makes Baduy Tribe less known by public and there is no special website about Baduy Tribe cultural information to promote Baduy Tribe . The purposes of making this website are to provide information about Baduy Tribe to the community, introducing Baduy Tribe culture to the public by utilizing internet technology such as website, knowing the amount of visitor data, Baduy Tribe products, and cultures of Baduy Tribe. This website is created with System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method and with programming language PHP, Bootstrap, CSS, and HTML. This website is made with notepad++ as a programming software. Based on the experiments conducted can be concluded that the website can be run and used by the public in finding information about Baduy Tribe


ABSTRACT. African trypanosomes evade humoral immunity through antigenic variation whereby, they switch expression of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene encoding their glycoprotein surface coat. Switching proceeds by duplication from an archive of silent VSG genes into a transcriptionally active locus, and precedent suggests silent genes can contribute, combinatorially to formation of expressed, functional genes through segmental gene conversion. The genome project has revealed that most of the silent archive consists of hundreds of VSG genes in subtelomeric tandem arrays, and that most of these are not functional genes. The aim of this review is to explore links between the uncovered trypanosome genotype and the phenotype of antigenic variation, stretching from the broad phenotype—transmission in the field and the overcoming of herd immunity—to events within single infections. Highlighting in particular the possible impact of phenotype selection on the evolution of the VSG archive and the mechanisms for its expression leads to a theoretical framework to further our understanding of this complex immune evasion strategy.


Increasing demand for inpatient beds limits capacity and poses a challenge to the healthcare system. Early discharge may be one solution to solve this problem, and continuous vital sign monitoring at home could safely facilitate this goal. We aimed to document feasibility of continuous home monitoring in patients after hospital discharge. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were admitted with acute medical disease and scheduled for discharge. They wore three wireless vital sign sensors for four days at home: a chest patch measuring heart rate and respiratory rate, a pulse oximeter, and a blood pressure (BP) monitor. Patients with ≥6 hours monitoring time after discharge were included in the analysis. Primary outcome was percentage of maximum monitoring time of heart rate and respiratory rate. Monitoring was initiated in 80 patients, and 69 patients (86%) had ≥6 hours monitoring time after discharge. The chest patch, pulse oximeter, and BP monitor collected data for 88%, 60%, and 32% of the monitored time, respectively. Oxygen desaturation <88% was observed in 92% of the patients and lasted for 6.3% (interquartile range [IQR] 0.9%–22.0%) of total monitoring time. Desaturation below 85% was observed in 83% of the patients and lasted 4.2% [IQR 0.4%–9.4%] of total monitoring time. 61% had tachypnea (>24/minute); tachycardia (>130/minute) lasting ≥30 minutes was observed in 28% of the patients. Continuous monitoring of vital signs was feasible at home with a high degree of valid monitoring time. Oxygen desaturation was commonly observed.


Gravity causes a stratification of plasma which introduces a possibility for instabilities to set in. In what follows, we assume a stratified plasma with horizontal magnetic field, prescribed gravity and temperature profile. Several different possible thermodynamic properties of plasma are taken into consideration in discussions of their influence on distributions of mass density, and consequently of potential energy, with height, in order to estimate the free energy of the unperturbed system that might be released through induced plasma motions if the system is unstable to linear perturbations. Finally, the linear approximation and normal mode analysis are applied to derive analytical dispersion relation and instability criterion for a special and commonly used case when perturbations are taken adiabatic while the magnetized plasma is assumed ideal and acting as a perfect gas.


Reports an error in the original article by Timothy P. Meyer (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, July 1972, Volume 23). The receipt date for the article was printed as February 15, 1941. The date should, of course, have appeared as February 15, 1971. It is pointed out to dispel wild rumors about the publication lab on the Journal. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record.) Used L. Berkowitz's basic research paradigm to test the effects of viewing film violence on aggressive behavior. 200 male undergraduates were angered by the E's accomplice by means of electrical shocks. Ss then saw a nonviolent or violent film segment, or no film. The violent films were real or fictional and the violence was not explained, justified, or unjustified. Ss then were allowed to return shocks to the instigator. Measures of aggressive behavior included numbers of shocks returned and shock intensity. Results show that angered Ss who viewed justified real film violence returned significantly more and more intense shocks than angered Ss viewing unjustified real or fictional film violence, a nonviolent film, or no film. Findings suggest that the effects of increased aggression demonstrated for angered viewers of justified fictional violence are also applicable to angered viewers of real film violence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)


This paper proposes a general equilibrium oligopoly model in which firm heterogeneity is endogenously reproduced through technology adoption decisions. The model can explain persistent oligopolistic market structures and prices in spite of free entry and market enlargement. Moreover, strong selection might deteriorate average cost efficiency due to strategic interactions. Integrating identical countries can be welfare-improving. But distributional issues and tensions between welfare and scale economies may arise. The theory can be motivated by recent evidence on oligopolistic market structures resisting globalization forces.


Objective To explore and set up the methodology of isolation,cultivation and identification of canine atrial fibroblasts( CAF) in vitro. Methods The left aurcle of canine was derived from aseptic operation. Atrial fibroblasts were isolated using papain together with type Ⅰ collagen enzyme and cultured in vitro. The growing states of primary atrial fibroblast were observed under the inverted phase-contrast microscope; cellular morphology was observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining; fibroblasts were stained by immunofluorescence with fibronectin,vimentin and discoidin domain receptor 2. The CAF proliferation profile was analyzed by curve of growth and WST-8 assay. Characteristic of DNA cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The influences of different culture medium on the growth of P 3 fibroblasts were observed. Results It was observed oblong cells grewing with adherence one day after the atrial fibroblasts isolated and cultured using enzyme digestion method,atrial fibroblasts grew with long fusiform shape quickly after 3 days and the fibroblasts remained monolayer and arranged closely after 7 days; cells arranged a long spindle spiraling after HE staining. The expressions of fibronectin,vimentin and discoidin domain receptor 2 were positive after immunofluorescence staining. The cell growth curves of P 1,P 2,P 3 were like S-types,cells in the optical density value changed significantly from the third day to the fifth day. The rates of G 0 / G 1 phase cells of P 1,P 2,P 3 were( 56. 83 ±1. 72) %,( 68. 10 ±1. 33) %,( 68. 23 ±1. 33) % respectively and there was no variances in cells of P 1,P 2,P 3( P 0. 05); the rates of( S + G 2) /M phase cells of P 1,P 2,P 3 were( 43. 17 ± 1. 72) %,( 31. 90 ± 1. 33) %,( 31. 77 ± 1. 33) % respectively and there was no variances in cells of P 1,P 2,P 3( P 0. 05). The proliferation of P 3 was higher in dulbecco modifiedeagle / Nutrient Mixture F-12 medium than that in RPMI-1640 medium( P 0. 05). Conclusion CAF can be isolated quickly and cultured stably by enzyme digestion method which can supply plenty of seed cells for studying CAF.


PCR detection of seeded poliovirus type 1 in sludge-amended soil was made possible by utilizing Sephadex G-50 and Chelex-100 resins to remove compounds present in sludge-amended soil that may inhibit PCR. With this method, enteroviruses indigenous to an anerobically digested sludge were detected by PCR in 10 different soils amended with this sludge.


Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can cause a wide spectrum of disorders of which varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles) are the most common. Although the vast majority of cases are uncomplicated and self-limiting, neurological symptoms such as postherpetic neuralgia, segmental sensory loss or motor paresis, encephalitis, myelitis, multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cerebral vascular occlusion may develop [1, 2]. Myelitis is one of the rarer and least well characterized manifestations of a VZV infection. It is extremely unusual for VZV myelitis to recur after adequate antiviral therapy. Most of these cases have been described in immunocompromised patients [3]. However, recurrent VZV-associated myelopathy has also been seen in immunocompetent patients [3–5].


Resume Dariush Yaghoubi est ne dans une famille de pasteurs. Son pere etait tailleur et lui-meme devint instituteur dans la region du Talesh. Apres avoir presente la situation sociale et economique de la region, il decrit avec beaucoup de lucidite et de sensibilite le processus de la sedentarisation. Plusieurs passages de son ouvrage mettent le lecteur en contact direct avec la vie quotidienne des Taleshi, a l'epoque de la transhumance mais aussi a celle des debuts de la sedentarisation, avec tousles bouleversements qu'elle a entraine. Le quotidien des femmes n'est pas oublie, et le processus qui fait d'une femme une 'maitresse de maison' est presente comme une descente au fond d'une vie sans interet, ni saveur. S.Sh: First we had better make it clear what we wish to talk about. DY: We want to talk about Talesh. Talesh is a region within the northern part of Gilan province, in the north of Iran, but it cannot be regarded as part of this province in terms of either ethnicity or language. The region extends from Masal (Shanderman) to Astara, although in the recent past, i.e., since the Second World War, Astara could be considered as part of Talesh. However, part of the region regarded as Talesh was located in the former Soviet Union; the people had the same features, language and way of dressing. I would like to talk about the region which is in the north of the vast Talesh region, bounded on the east by the Caspian Sea, on the west by the Alborz and Azarbaijan mountains, on the south by Talesh itself and on the north by Azarbaijan and the southern fringes of Ardebil. One of the geographical features of this region is the limited area given over to grasslands, from the sea to the forest and then to the pastures. There is forest in the mountain pastures and the land is covered with grass which is blanketed by snow in winter. The snow begins to thaw in late April which is when the nomads arrive to prepare for seasonal settlement. Transhumance to this area usually begins in late April, and continues until early or late October. Naturally, no one remains when the weather begins to get cold. We want to talk about transhumance in this area by shepherds. In the past, shepherds took care of the herds of the landlords, but they are now engaged in growing rice. Rice cultivation began during or after the Second World War when there was a cultural link with the Soviet Union. This coincided with the arrival of 'Aghajani' landlords, especially when the Soviet army drained the marshes and built a road for the transport of military equipment. So this area was created for the landlords, who hired shepherds in order to exploit the forests and grow rice. Although the landlords themselves at first travelled with the shepherds, later they settled in the grasslands, and with time two separate groups emerged: the shepherds and the grassland-dwellers who grew rice and kept cows and buffaloes. They did not grow only one crop, since the ratio of people to land was low; they also grew peas, beans, water melons, melons, tomatoes, egg plant and even summer crops and vegetables. As time passed and land became scarce due to reclamation and urbanisation, people gradually changed to growing a single crop--rice--which has continued until now. Recently, some kiwi fruit is also being grown. The people buy other products and foodstuffs from Ardebil, Rasht and Meshkinshahr, and sell these in the surrounding towns and villages. As the two towns of Astara and Talesh have expanded, almost all the villages accessible by road between these two towns have turned into semi-urban and semi-rural communities. The people who live there have become semi-consumers as they bring rice and plucked chickens from rural areas and sell them. Shepherds, however, are the main subject of our attention. First, we need to consider their manner of settlement. As I mentioned before, there are two groups, grassland-dwellers and shepherds. …


The Indian Oil and Gas (O&G) sector is one of the six core industries of India and contributes over 15 per cent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The country is the sixth largest consumer of oil in the world and the ninth largest crude oil importer. The sector is of immense importance to the economy owing to its significant forward integration with many other sectors. India is committed to boosting its growth in the years to come and this progress would translate into the country's energy needs growing many times. Under new exploration licensing policy (NELP) ONGCVL has to compete with private sector companies for obtaining petroleum exploration license, which was almost a monopoly for ONGCVL till recently. Under such circumstance, ONGCVL has to be care full and at the same time aggressive to cease the opportunity available by taking quick and prompt decision. In order to maintain the profit growth as well as business growth, National Oil Companies have now to focus more on volume growth of various products as well as to attempt significant cost reduction so as to sustain competitive edge and lead position. In the changing scenario the role of finance is shifting from controlling to influencing where finance plays an equally important role as business partner providing valuable information support to the operating managers which will facilitate taking more prudent decisions by the operating managers so that there is increasing value to the business from such decisions. The financial structure decision is a continuous one and has to be taken whenever a firm needs additional finances. Keeping the above facts this paper proposes to analyse the financial and capital structure in oil and gas industry with specific reference to ONGC Videsh Limited (ONGCVL).


The amount of data stored in personal digital devices increases rapidly as their memory capacities increase. These devices are usually equipped with relatively small displays, which makes presenting the information a challenge. We set out to explore the spatial design space for small screen user interfaces by incorporating additional dimensions into the visual representation, and investigate techniques that may be used to display more information at once. We focus on interactive visualization, with a document manager as a target application. We present the design factors and a simulated application running on a desktop computer. We also report a formative usability study with promising results.


In this work the application of resistively shunted piezoelectric material for reducing vibration amplitudes of a plate is studied. The ability to tailor the frequency-dependent loss factor is a consequence of the applied passive electrical network. To predict the damping performance of resistively shunted piezoelectrics, an approach based on the effective strain energy fraction is proposed. A finite element model may be used to accurately determine the effective modal strain energy fraction. However, for placing purposes of the piezoelectric elements, an analytical model, which does not account for local stiffening due to the piezoceramics, can be used. Design considerations include the frequency dependence of piezoceramic properties as well as the effect of stiff piezoceramic material on mode shapes. Experimental results are presented for a rectangular plate with eight pairs of resistively shunted piezoelectric elements.


The readers of this journal will know that the Esagil-kïn-apli of my title was a Borsippan physician of the 12th century B.C.E who redacted the Assyro-Babylonian diagnostic-prognostic handbook that was to form the basis of Mesopotamian medicine for the next 700 years. For those who do not know, however, the Hippocrates of my title was an Ionian Greek physician of the 5th century B.C.E who produced a series of treatises which were to form the basis of Western medicine for the next 2,300 years. The question which we shall be examining in the discussion which follows is whether or to what extent the medicine of ancient Mesopotamia and of Persian and Hellenistic Babylonia influenced Hippocrates and his followers. On the surface of it, the argument for influence seems plausible. Contacts between Greece and Western Asia were particularly strong in the Archaic Period,2 by which time Esagil-kïn-apli's Diagnostic and Prognostic Handbook had been in existence already for several centuries. It is also now generally accepted that Greek religion and mythology in general and the work of Hesiod in particular bear the stamp of Near Eastern (Hurrian) influence, even if the exact nature and depth of that influence remains controversial.3 By the latter part of the Neo-Assyrian period (7th-6th centuries B.C.E.), from which stem the majority of known therapeutic texts, the Ionian colonies of Asia Minor were already well established. The armais of Sargon II boast of the payment of tribute to that Assyrian king by the "Yaunaia", as the Assyrians called the Ionians,4 and the historian Abydenos is reported by Eusebius to have left an account of a sea battle fought between Ionians and Sargon's son and successor, Sennacherib, off the Cilician coast.5 The arrivai of the Persians, whose empire stretched from Ionia to the Indus will only have accelerated cultural contacts,6 which reached their apogee under the successors of Alexander. It is from these latter periods (Persian and Seleucid) that date the famous "Chaldean" astronomers who are supposed to have introduced the


Dear Editor, We read with great interest the recent study on a most contemporaneous series of topics, that is, simultaneous use of cervical ripening (CR) agents and the use of misoprostol as a prostaglandin agent for such activity.1 First, we would like clarity upon the definition of the primary outcome of the pregnancy in relation to the study. In the outcome measures this was defined as; 'the rate of vaginal delivery'. However, the power calculations were based upon successful induction of labour (IOL), yet no definition for this latter statement was forthcoming. The assumption is that perhaps the rate of vaginal delivery and successful IOL are one and the same. However, the results in Table 2 clearly state failed induction rates of 2.9-7.1% being of no statistical significance. Could this anomaly of definitions and outcomes please be clarified as this potentially has considerable impact upon the design of the study and power calculations. Second, the caesarean section rates within the study are high compared to two other large well-conducted studies.2,3 The PROBAAT I clearly demonstrated a similar vaginal birth rate (assisted or unassisted) of 80% for dinoprostone versus Foley catheter for CR. More recently, PROBAAT II (primarily a safety study for misoprostol) demonstrated a vaginal birth rate of 80+% for oral misoprostol or Foley catheter. The PROBAAT authors eloquently displayed a deep flaw in the Cochrane (WHO recommendation) approach to the outcome measures of either cervical ripening or IOL studies.4 The PROBAAT II group did not use a 24 h vaginal birth rate as a measure of a successful outcome. Instead their outcome was any vaginal birth. Hence the total time to achieve a vaginal birth was high but this produced one of the highest recorded vaginal delivery rates in any adequately powered randomised controlled study for CR/IOL within the history of modern medicine. What do the authors attribute their higher caesarean section rate in comparison to these two aforementioned PROBAAT studies? We felt the design of the study to which this letter is addressed demonstrated a more aggressive approach to formally starting syntocinon and or performing membrane rupture. Therefore could this factor be causative of a lower vaginal birth rate in comparison to PROBAAT II. Perhaps of greatest note for current thinking regarding CR is that the PROBAAT II study unequivocally found that oral misoprostol is as safe as a Foley catheter for CR in the absence of specific exclusion factors. The side-effect profile of using misoprostol in this study was similar to the PROBAAT II study. The safety of using combined modalities for CR is in line with the larger MOMI trial where a median five hour shorter time to delivery was found between combined and individual therapies.5 If by using the combined CR method we do shorten the delivery time in cases where an urgent delivery is indicated (i.e. within 24 h), then the combined methodology of prostaglandin and cervical catheter has a place in our medical armamentarium for cervical ripening.


Recently new subglacial till and fluvioglacial deposits were identified in the Serra da Estrela. The latter were subject to thermoluminescence dating and the results, which are the first absolute dates on the Estrela glaciation, are presented here. The thermoluminescence datings obtained for the Estrela sediments are all included in the Last Tardiglacial, a result that agrees reasonably with the geomorphological evidence of the glaciation.


MonetaryTrends Views expressed do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Reserve System. Earlier this year, the United States introduced its eighth dollar coin. The new dollar coin is gold in color and bears the image of Sacagawea—the only woman on the Lewis and Clark expedition. Proponents of the dollar coin point out that the widespread use of dollar coins would result in considerable savings to the government. On average, coins have a projected life of 30 years, compared with about 18 months for the dollar bill. Although dollar bills cost about 3.5 cents to produce, compared to 12 cents for the dollar coin, the relatively short life of dollar bills make them more expensive in the long run. Dollar coins, however, have never found wide use for day-today transactions in the United States. One possible explanation for this is simply that people find coins inconvenient relative to paper currency. Accordingly, dollar coins would replace notes only if the public has no choice. Supporters of this explanation point out that high-denomination coins circulate only in countries that discontinued issuing the corresponding denomination notes. Some people argue that dollar coins and dollar bills can coexist, and they attribute the failure of previous dollar coins to circulate widely to other factors, such as physical characteristics of the coins. The Eisenhower dollar was said to be too bulky and the Susan B. Anthony (SBA) dollar too difficult to distinguish from the quarter. The golden dollar was designed to avoid many of the supposed impediments that kept previous dollar coins from circulating. The coin is the same size as the quarter, but is gold in color and, unlike the Susan B. Anthony dollar, is easily distinguished from the quarter by sight or touch. Furthermore, the new coin was specifically designed to have the same "electronic signature" as the SBA dollar so that the vending machine industry would not have to retool their machines. Despite a $45 million ad campaign, of the $1.1 billion dollar coins produced through September 30, 2000, approximately half of the new coins remain in the vaults of Federal Reserve Banks and the U.S. Mint as of October 20, 2000. The other half are in "circulation." It appears, however, that many of these are being hoarded, because few of the coins are observed in day-today transactions. Is the golden dollar more successful than the SBA dollar, which was introduced in …


BACKGROUND
Screening and timely treatment of precancerous gastric cancer diseases or of gastric cancer in the early stages has important significance in reducing the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. Gastroscopy and histopathological biopsy are still the gold standards for the diagnosis of gastric diseases. But the application of astroscopy for the screening and diagnosis of gastric diseases is limited. In recent years, serum pepsinogen (PG), gastrin, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) IgG antibodies have become indicators for "serological biopsy" of the gastric mucosa.

METHODS
From January 2016 to January 2018, a total of 2,394 patients with digestive tract symptoms underwent gastroscopy. According to the endoscopic examination and pathological diagnosis, there were four case groups: 1,376 cases of chronic non-atrophic gastritis, 708 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis, 265 cases of gastric ulcer, and 45 cases of gastric cancer. Serological gastric biopsies were performed and analyzed.

RESULTS
The serum levels of PGI in the chronic atrophic gastritis group was significantly lower than that in the chronic non-atrophic gastritis group, gastric ulcer group, and gastric cancer group (p < 0.05). The serum levels of PGII and G-17 in the gastric cancer group were significantly higher than those in the chronic non-atrophic Gastritis group, chronic atrophic gastritis group, and gastric ulcer group (p < 0.05). The PGR in the gastric cancer group was significantly lower than that in the chronic non-atrophic gastritis group, chronic atrophic Gastritis group, and gastric ulcer group (p < 0.05). The H. pylori positive rates in the chronic atrophic gastritis group and gastric cancer group were higher than those in the chronic non-atrophic gastritis group and gastric ulcer Group (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Serological gastric biopsy is closely correlated to gastric mucosal disease and can be used as a Screening tool in gastric disease.


This paper is a review of the nutritional value of three main grasses including Pennisetum Purpureum cv. mott、Guimu No. 1 and Leucaena Leucoephala which were normal or are developping rapidly in subtropics. As a result, it will provide a guideline for properly developing animal production in this region.


The article analyses and interprets Wloskie szpilki [Italian High Heels] in the context of autobiographic writing, which is a new phenomenon in Tulli's creative development. The analysis of autobiographical writing consists in a description of subject-construction. The construction is determined by combination of roles: the real author, the literary author, and the narrator-character. The style of the novel is characterized by the use of Holocaust topoi, and "March talk", which leads the writer to the discovery that Polish post-war antisemitism castigates Jews for concealing their extraction. The aesthetic of postmemory, manifested in the novel, is interpreted as a transition from the modern rhetoric of inexpressibility and unutterableness, to the postmodern aesthetic of expression of what is absent.


The authors assessed markers of in vivo activation of coagulation in patients on stable long-term oral anti coagulant therapy and analyzed these changes with re spect to the International Normalised Ratio (INR). The range of PF1+2, FPA, and antithrombin-thrombin com plex results (ATM) were significantly lower as compared to controls. Plasmin-antiplasmin complexes were un affected by anticoagulation. An inverse correlation was evident between PF1+2, FPA, and INR values at low-intensity anticoagulation


We report on measurements of the ELSA electron beam transverse emittance obtained by exploiting the optical transition radiation (OTR) properties. The experiments were achieved with a beam of 10-20 ps bunch duration, 0.2 to 3 nC/ bunch charge and 16.5 MeV energy. Beam profile and OTR light angular distribution were measured in successive sequences by means of an interferometer, which consists of an 8μm Kapton foil followed by a 80μm Si wafer used as a mirror; the spacing between foils is 1.06 mm. Beam divergence is obtained from a least squares fitting of the interferencepattern data with an OTR distribution function in which the varying parameters are the beam energy and the angular spread. This technique yields the transverse emittance, provided that the measured profile corresponds to a beam waist. Concurrently, measurements using both the quad-scan technique and the single OTR foil method have been performed. Results obtained by the three methods are presented and their performances discussed.


Abstract Cross-national regressions reveal abnormally low agricultural workforce shares, given GNP, in developing countries that had historically concentrated land into large capital-intensive farms. We argue that such deagriculturalisation was premature, since its concomitant labour shedding has undesirable outcomes. In a new South African survey, a large proportion of rural households (and working-age persons) was 'dependent', relying for income almost wholly on either migrant remittances or pensions. A separate group (with less poverty and unemployment) relied mainly on local, including own-farm, income. The group was heavily over-represented in one of the three regions, where many more households had significant land.


In some plants, developmental changes of phyllotaxis are so frequent that the whole spectrum of phyllotactic patterns becomes available for investigation and thus many unknown subtleties of phyllotaxis come to light. Among these, Magnolia acuminata is the most prominent. In a series of experiments performed in silico with application of a simple geometric model of phyllotaxis, we were able to confront the empirical data on phyllotactic transitions occurring in magnolia flowers with the results of computer simulations. They revealed that in addition to the ratio between the sizes of plant organs, the history of developing pattern was also important, especially for the direction of ontogenetic changes. The parameters of size tolerance and vertical tolerance in positioning a new element in the first available space, brought the effects of simulations closer to the real patterns. They helped especially to resolve the enigma of multiplication of parastichies (γ-dislocations) observed sometimes during determined growth of magnolia floral axes. We conclude that ontogenetic changes in phyllotaxis result mainly from changing sizes of organs in the course of development and that the changes do not always occur with mathematical accuracy.


The Las Campanas Redshift Survey (LCRS) is a galaxy survey which extends to a red-shift of 0.2 and which is composed of a total of 6 alternating 1:5 80 Slices in the North and South Galactic Caps. Now in its nal stages, the Survey contains approximately 26,400 galaxy redshifts. We present here a deenitive LCRS galaxy-galaxy autocorrela-tion function gg (s), its comparison to the gg (s) from various theoretical models, and a discussion of the impact of the unique character of the LCRS galaxy selection criteria on the measurement of the observed gg (s).


This book is a revised version of the author's doctoral thesis for Queen Mary, University of London. It offers a comprehensive study of the fifteenth-century manuscript Cancionero de Herberay des Essarts, conserved in the British Library, examining its codiological features and history, and placing the work in the context of the court of Juan II de Navarra and Carlos de Viana. It includes biographical profiles of the authors and a study of the cultural framework of coexistence between noblemen and conversos in the kingdom of Navarre. Special attention is drawn to the figures of Hugo de Urries and Pere Torroella. Urries, one of the key members of the Navarrese court who was sent on frequent embassies abroad, was also involved in the selection process of the LB2 textual tradition. Torroella, author of three of the pieces of prose, triggered the querelle des femmes in late fifteenth-century Spain and proves to be a figure of great importance in both military and cultural terms. The book includes a full bibliography, and an annotated transcription of the seven pieces included in the manuscript.


Simultaneous observations at multiple frequency bands have the potential to overcome the fundamental limitation imposed by the atmospheric propagation in mm-VLBI observations. The propagation effects place a severe limit in the sensitivity achievable in mm-VLBI, reducing the time over which the signals can be coherently combined, and preventing the use of phase referencing and astrometric measurements. We carried out simultaneous observations at 22, 43, 87 and 130 GHz of a group of five AGNs, the weakest of which is ca. 200 mJy at 130 GHz, with angular separations ranging from 3.6 to 11 degrees, using the KVN. We analysed this data using the Frequency Phase Transfer (FPT) and the Source Frequency Phase Referencing (SFPR) techniques, which use the observations at a lower frequency to correct those at a higher frequency. The results of the analysis provide an empirical demonstration of the increase in the coherence times at 130 GHz from a few tens of seconds to about twenty minutes, with FPT, and up to many hours with SFPR. Moreover the astrometric analysis provides high precision relative position measurements between two frequencies, including, for the first time, astrometry at 130 GHz.


Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different stretching techniques (static and dynamic) on kinematic and physical performance variables in female volleyball players of Punjab. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six state-level female volleyball players were divided using random lottery method into three groups: static stretching (n = 12), dynamic stretching (n = 12), and control group (n = 12). Static stretching and dynamic stretching groups performed different stretching techniques, and control group performed no exercises. Testing of kinematic and physical performance variables was done before and after stretching and control sessions. Duration of stretching and control session was 7 min each for all three groups. Result: Average relative power and balance were significantly improved with both stretching techniques. On comparing the three groups post hoc analysis, average relative power, static balance, and sprint time found to be significantly improved (P < 0.05) in dynamic stretching group, whereas static stretching group showed increase in sprint time (P < 0.05). Further, in post hoc analysis, no other measured kinematic and physical performance variables showed significant difference in the three groups. Conclusion: Dynamic stretching may be preferable to static stretching as part of a warm-up designed to prepare for physical activity.


Purpose: Irbesartan is a BCS class II compound that exhibits pH– and buffer capacity–dependent dissolution behavior. The aim of this study was to apply non-linear mixed effects modelling on dissolution data of two immediate release products containing Irbesartan in order to characterize and quantify the sources of inter-dissolution profile variability.

Methods: Nonlinear mixed effects modelling was applied to describe the dissolution curves obtained for Irbesartan in three different pH-value media (1.2, 4.5, 6.8) with two different products (reference product: Aprovel® and a generic test product). Simulations performed and the impact of inter-dissolution variability was assessed.

Results: The % Irbesartan dissolved to time was found to follow a Weibull distribution. Τhe population scale parameter was estimated 0.252 and the shape parameter was estimated 0.706. The pH-value of the dissolution medium was found to significantly affect the scale parameter, while the formulation was found to affect the shape parameter. Simulations showed that probably some discrepancies in the in vivo performance of the two products can be expected.

Conclusion: Through this case study the applicability and usefulness of nonlinear mixed effects modelling in oral drug formulation was highlighted and resides in its ability to identify and quantify sources of variability.


The purpose of this study was to see if a genotype x rotation and residue management influence the grain yield, plant height at harvest, spike length, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per square meter, biomass, harvest index, thousand grain weight, test weight and protein content for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a wheat-maize-soybean and a wheat-soybean-maize rotation. The cultivars Boema, Litera, Dropia, Glosa, Izvor, Miranda and Faur were seeded in a cizel-till (CT) and no-till (NT) systems after maize and soybean residues in a randomized complete block with a split split-plot arrangement at NARDI Fundulea during 2012-2014. Genotype x rotation and residue management interactions did occur only for biomass, harvest index, test weight and grain yield trait. Plant height at harvest, spike length, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per square meter, thousand grain weight and protein content were not affected by rotation and residue management. Among the seven cultivars grain yield increased from 5.69 t ha ̄1 under soybean residues to 5.79 t ha ̄1 under maize residues, plant height at harvest increased from 65,8 cm under maize residues to 67,4 cm under soybean residues, spike length increased from 7.64 cm under soybean residues to 7.70 cm under maize residues, number of grains per spike increased from 32.8 under soybean residues to 33.5 under maize residues, number of spikes per square meter decreased from 413.2 under soybean residues to 407.9 under maize residues, biomass increased from 1087 g m ̄2 under maize residues to 1088 g m ̄2 under soybean residues, harvest index increased from 0.492 under soybean residues to 0.498 under maize residues, thousand grain weight increased from 42.2 g under maize residues to 42.5 g under soybean residues, test weight decreased from 76.8 kg hl ̄1 under maize residues to 75.2 kg hl ̄1 under soybean residues, protein content increased from 13.8% under soybean residues to 14.0% under maize residues. The results of this research suggest the necesity of developing specific cultivars for wheatmaize-soybean and wheat-soybean-maize rotation with crop residue retention.


THE FAILED SPOTS IN NINE BITUMINOUS PAVING PROJECTS IN UTAH AND FIFTEEN IN COLORADO WERE EXAMINED TO DETERMINE THE CAUSES OF FAILURE. THE METHOD CONSISTED OF GROUP OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS SUPPLEMENTED BY DETAILED INFORMATION AND LABORATORY TESTS ON QUALITY AND THICKNESS OF BASE AND SUBBASE COURSES, CHARACTER OF SUBGRADE SOIL, DRAINAGE AND MOISTURE CONDITIONS, QUALITY AND CONDITION OF BITUMINOUS SURFACE MIXTURES. THE EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC AND MAINTENANCE WERE CONSIDERED. THE EXTENT OF THE INVESTIGATION DID NOT PERMIT POSITIVE CONCLUSIONS ON THE CAUSES OF THE OBSERVED DEFECTS. HOWEVER COMPARISONS OF THE TEST DATA WITH SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS INDICATES THAT CONSTRUCTION CONTROL WAS DEFICIENT IN MANY OF THE PROJECTS. AMONG THE DISCREPANCIES ARE EXCESS OF FINES, WIDE VARIANCE IN BITUMEN CONTENT OF SAMPLES FROM THE SAME PROJECTS AND LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN BITUMEN CONTENT AND THE PROPER AMOUNT FOR THE AGGREGATE IN USE. SOME DISTORTION IN THE WHEEL PATHS INDICATES INSUFFICIENCY OF SUPPORT DUE TO INADEQUATE DESIGN. /AUTHOR/


Based on the principle that region with higher environmental stress is earthquake prone,a method to estimate potential earthquake risk region with artificial neural network is put forward.Through estimating the environmental stress,the method can predict the potential earthquake risk region 1~2 years before.


WASH practitioners and decision-makers lack evidence on the wider health and social effects of WASHinterventions needed to create a paradigm shift in the sector. A global overview and meta-analysis on the effects of different WASH interventions on different health and socioeconomic outcomes was undertaken. The results of this analysis show that evaluations of WASH interventions continue to focus predominantly on reducing diarrheal disease and there is a strong need for larger, more rigorously designed studies covering a broader scope of outcome effects. Similarly, there is a need for greater geographical representation and finally, well-trained implementing agencies to achieve the desired results.