Live specimens of benthic foraminiferal species Rosalina leei were subjected to a combination of temperature (25°C, 30°C and 35°C) and salinity (25‰, 30‰ and 35‰) to assess its differential response to the annual range of seawater temperature and salinity reported at the sampling site. A total of 216 specimens were used for the experiment. Within the range of temperature and salinity, to which R. leei specimens were subjected as part of the present experiment, growth increased with increasing salinity, whereas increase in seawater temperature resulted in retarded growth. Maximum growth was reported in the specimens kept at 25°C temperature and 35‰ salinity while the rest of the specimens maintained in 30‰ and 25‰ saline water, showed comparatively less growth. The specimens kept at 30°C and 35°C temperature and different salinities showed much less growth as compared to the specimens maintained at 25°C temperature. However, none of the R. leei specimens subjected to the present experiment reproduced during the course of the experiment. The absence of reproduction under the present set of temperature and salinity conditions, probably indicates that R. leei reproduces at a very narrow range of temperature and salinity which is different from the temperature and salinity conditions in the present experiment. It is further inferred that under the present set of temperature–salinity conditions, 25°C temperature and 35‰ saline water is most suitable for the growth of R. leei. Results are significant as the responses of benthic foraminifera to different temperatures and salinity are being used for palaeoclimatic reconstruction.


L-arabinose and D-xylose were extracted from bagasse pith by phosphoric acid. Continuous fractionation of xylose crystalline mother liquid from extraction of bagasse pith by simulate moving bed chromatography. The Ca2+ resin was used as a separation agent and water was eluent. L-arabinose and D-xylose were separated with the best parameters and product purity was 81.94% and 91.89% which can be crystallize. This process was high extraction rate and purity, easy operation and low running cost. The phosphate which in hydrolysate and ion exchanging eluate can be reused in clarification process of cane sugar. There is no discharge of waste liquid and phosphoric acid was realized resource recycling. This process effectively solved the environmental protection problem of L-arabinose traditional processing technology, and opened up a new field of raw material for L-arabinose and suitable for industrialized production.


This paper highlights the issues of developing the information competency of military specialists in modern conditions. The author examines the background of transformation of the armed forces and the associated problems of training military personnel in higher military educational institutions.


It would be hard to think of a text more important for understanding Paul's concept of justi,cation than the sentence that makes up Rom 1:17. It is part of the pithy, programmatic two-sentence statement of the letter's theme and contains the letter's ,rst use of righteousness language. Moreover, it connects this language with the gospel, salvation, faith, and life, all terms of critical importance as the argument of the letter unfolds. If we are to understand how justi,cation functions within Paul's gospel, we need to understand how righteousness language functions in this verse. The interpretation of this language in the critical phrase "the righteousness of God," however, is hotly contested, and a variety of explanations for it have been advanced over the nearly eighteen centuries of extant commentary on Romans. 2 In what follows, I would like to argue that part of the reason for this volatile interpretive history is that the phrase is polyvalent. Paul intended its meaning to be dense, and probably did not think it would be fully understood on a ,rst hearing. I would like to argue further that the most obvious meaning of the phrase to its ,rst hearers, a meaning that Paul probably knew it would have to them and therefore intended, is a meaning that has often been dismissed in recent interpretive disputes as surely incorrect. To put my thesis in a nutshell, "the righteousness of God" has three meanings in Rom 1:17. It not only refers to God's saving activity and to the gift of acquittal from sin before God on the basis of faith, but, from the perspective of its ,rst readers and hearers in Rome, δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ would have referred most obviously to a property of God's character, that he is fair, even-handed, and equitable in the way he distributes salvation. The idea that "the righteousness of God" in Rom 1:17 referred to an aspect of God's character was common in the Middle Ages, particularly the view that it referred to God's strict justice in punishing The guilty and rewarding


Focused on the developing strategy of West China manufacturing industry, based on analyzing the changes of the manufacturing environment in e era, this paper discussed influences of E-commerce on manufacturing industry. At last, some E-commerce applied paradigms are proposed.


The biggest challenge in the fabrication of molecular monolayer junctions is the application of the top contacts without damaging the molecules. To allow statistical analysis of the molecular junctions they have to yield reliable and reproducible results. There are already several techniques for the fabrication of molecular monolayer junctions, but all of them have their own disadvantages like low yields or uncertainties in the junction system when an additional layer is introduced between the molecules and the top electrode. Until now no successful fabrication technique has been reported without a non-metallic layer between the molecules and the top contact.
In this Master thesis a new concept of molecular junction fabrication called flip-chip is presented. Hereby the top and bottom electrodes are fabricated at the same time and consist of the same metal. Self-assembled molecular monolayers are formed on smooth template-stripped Au electrodes. The top contacts are gently applied on top of the molecules by wedging transfer. The top electrodes are therefore coated with a hydrophobic polymer. When the device is dipped into water the electrodes embedded in the polymer are gently released from the wafer and float on the water. Removing of the water achieves a soft, non-destructive landing on the molecules. The electrode design allows the statistical electrical analysis of self-assembled monolayers in a short period of time for different junction area sizes. No additional layer was introduced between the self-assembled monolayers and the top electrodes, eliminating the ambiguities which occur for currently reported large-area molecular junctions.
Five different alkane-monothiols (from decanethiols (C10) to octadecanethiols (C18)) have been characterized and compared to literature. The tunneling decay coefficient β was found to be 0.60 ± 0.11 per carbon atom (nC-1), which is slightly lower than the most recent β coefficients reported in literature (between 0.7 and 1 nC-1). As wedging transfer is a water-based technique this lower value might be caused by water trapped in the junction. The current densities J measured for the different alkanethiols have a spread up to three orders of magnitude. This spread in J might indicate a limitation of the flip-chip concept. However, the origin is not yet known and has to be further investigated. In literature the reported J values have a mutual spread of up to eight orders of magnitude and our values lie approximately halfway in between.


These lecture notes are based on a course given by Mark Hindmarsh at the
24th Saalburg Summer School 2018 and written up by Marvin Lüben, Johannes Lumma and
Martin Pauly.
The aim is to provide the necessary basics to understand first-order phase transitions
in the early universe, to outline how they leave imprints in gravitational waves,
and advertise how those gravitational waves could be detected in the future.
A first-order phase transition at the electroweak scale is a prediction
of many theories beyond the Standard Model, and is also motivated
as an ingredient of some
theories attempting to provide an explanation for the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our Universe.
Starting from bosonic and fermionic statistics, we derive Boltzmann's equation
and generalise to a fluid of particles with field dependent mass.
We introduce the thermal effective potential for the field in its lowest order approximation,
discuss the transition to the Higgs phase in the Standard Model and beyond,
and compute the probability for the field to cross a potential barrier.
After these preliminaries, we provide a hydrodynamical description
of first-order phase transitions as it is appropriate for describing the early Universe.
We thereby discuss the key quantities characterising a phase transition, and
how they are imprinted in the gravitational wave power spectrum that might be detectable
by the space-based gravitational wave detector LISA in the 2030s.


The paper considers some aspects of the formation of human capital in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. According to the human development index, the regions of the Russian Far East show a differentiated picture. On the one hand, two subjects — the Sakhalin Oblast and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) — are among the top ten. On the other hand, the Zabaykalsky Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Region are at the bottom of the list, showing the worst values. The fact that a number of subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District practically does not show positive dynamics over time indicates the presence of a systemic crisis: demographic and socio-economic. Negative changes in the demographic structure of the population, caused by depopulation and migration outflow of part of the able-bodied population to other regions call into question the achievement of sustainable economic growth. The uneven distribution of the population, due to the peculiarities of natural and climatic conditions, economic specialization and access to the resource base, is another factor constraining the growth of human capital in the macroregion. It is shown that for the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, a special role in the formation of human capital and the possibilities for sustainable development is played by factors that ensure public access to transport and social infrastructure facilities.


Based on state-owned industrial enterprises panel data in 1999-2010, the paper applies Bayesian SFA Metafrontier to estimate Malmquist productivity index of those enterprises in China, and test its convergence. The results show that China′s state-owned economic productivity growth is mainly caused by technological progress, but the improvement of management level and the soft environment is not significant. Regionally, China′s central region is better than the eastern region and the western region in both productivity growth rate and the speed of technological progress. The convergence analysis show that Chinese state-owned economic productivity do not appear overall random convergence characteristics. From a regional perspective, only the eastern group exists club convergence, while the central and western groups do not exist club convergence effect.


Exothermic nanolaminates are a class of energetic materials comprised of alternating layers of two or more materials which produce an exothermic reaction when they are encouraged to mix [1]. The constituent materials are grown in distinct layers, such that the exothermic energy is stored until a stimulus provides for sufficient mixing of these layers and ignition of a reaction. A schematic of an exothermic nanolaminate foil is presented in FIG. 1. In this work, the details of reaction dynamics in exothermic nanolaminates are explored at the single micrometer length scale with high speed digital photography (10 5 frames per second), revealing the presence of spin-like reactions [2].


With introducing of Hermite interpolating condition and aiming at the dilation factor d2,we presented a new generalized Hermite interpolating scaling function vector,and investigated their interpolation property and described several properties of the generalized Hermite interpolating scaling function vector in terms of its mask.Moreover,the construction algorithms of the compactly supported wavelet were derived.


FDI not only affects the host country's economic growth, but also affects the environment. Under the background of reality that in pursuit of green development, we need to take the comprehensive consideration of FDI performance from economic growth and environmental pollution. Considering the economic and environmental factors, we estimated 280 cities' green development efficiency in China from 2003 to 2012, and we treated green efficiency as a comprehensive measure of economic growth and environmental pollution in China to study the effects of FDI on the development of China. Results were: Generally, FDI has a negative effect to city green development efficiency, which means FDI is not conducive to the green development of Chinese cities. Further analysis shows that, from the perspective of economic growth, FDI is not conducive to economic growth; from the perspective of environmental pollution, FDI is conducive to the environmental protection.


Abstract Hypogymnia bryophila McCune is described as a new species of lichenized fungi from Portugal. Previously included under H. farinacea Zopf (syn. H. bitteriana (Zahlbr.) Räs) or H. austerodes (Nyl.) Räs., it often has terminal soralia similar to H. bitteri (Lynge) Ahti, as well as laminal soralia, but the soralia appear along edges of cracks in the cortex, similar to H. farinacea. Furthermore, the lobes are more lax and imbricate as compared to these other species. Hypogymnia bryophila is the only species of the 85 known in this genus that contains protocetraric acid without physodalic acid. A protocetraric acid-deficient chemotype is also known. So far H. bryophila is known primarily from mossy granitic rock, rarely on Pinus pinaster, in Serra da Estrela and Serra de S. Mamede, Portugal.


' … to a very large extent power consists in the ability to make others inhabit your story of their reality.' The accommodation afforded to religious differences within the legal systems of the common law world is as much a political as a legal concern. As such it is part of a much wider debate about the nature of democratic government within a pluralist society. The concern is that in so far as democracy is dominated by a majoritarian concept it may not be compatible with pluralism. Majoritarianism is predicated on the assumption that the will of the majority is absolute and is the final authority when defining the limits of individual rights and freedoms and how they are best respected and enforced. A pluralist conception of society, by contrast, requires that the rights of minorities must, on occasion, be allowed to take precedence over the wishes of the majority in order to encourage diversity, whether religious, racial or sexual, to flourish. The challenge for modern democracies is, therefore, to reconcile the demands imposed by majoritarianism within a pluralist framework.


The γ-Al2O3 supported Pd–Cu catalysts were investigated in the selective hydrogenation of 1,3butadiene. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS, TPR, CO pulse titration, and FTIR of adsorbed CO; the catalytic study was performed in a fixed-bed reactor; and the adsorption properties were studied by DFT calculations. By the addition of Cu, Pd active sites were isolated, and the particle sizes were reduced. DFT calculations predicted that the Pd–Cu alloy should be more selective to produce 1-butene, which was verified by the reactor tests.


The uptake of inositol by rat brain synaptosomes occurs via an unsaturable process that even at substrate concentrations as low as 1 μM is unable to achieve a concentration gradient indicative of active transport. Dinitrophenol, ouabain and cytochalasin B did not affect uptake of the cyclitol. The data indicate that inositol uptake by rat synaptosomes occurs by diffusion or by a system with an affinity so low it is difficult to discern. The low capacity, saturable inositol uptake system observed in rabbit brain slices may reflect a species difference or uptake by elements of the slice other than neuronal membranes.


Evolution of the religious art reflects history of Ethiopian Christian state, indicates the problems of relations with Middle East in 4–9 cent. AD and with Western Europe (15–17 cent. AD). It seems to be of current interest due to lack of writing sources. Miniature, icon, monumental painting demonstrates the influences of Venetian art, gothic style, and Arabic ornamentation. Adaptation of Christian culture by local tradition formed some original icon style, evolution of which was chosen as a main concern of this article. The article provides an overview of various attempts of the periodization, which have recently been published. As a starting point of this review a periodiazation of the French researcher J. Mercier was preferred to the others because of its innovative and even debatable character. As for the Aksum and Postaksum period of the Ethiopian art history the situation is clear, whereas the dating and the stylistic recognition of the latter periods have remained open. But from the Mercier point of view, the Ethiopian art history is represented as a single whole. The Era of David (1382–1478) is replaced by the Era of Opposites between local tradition and foreign influences. After the Muslim invasion and conflicts with Jesuits (1530–1632) the researcher speaks about stylistic and iconographic renewal resulted in so-called Gondar art styles (1660–1720). The cultural break between these two periods is characterized by the lack of art objects (icons, books, churches). So any conclusions need to be proved. The 18th century is regarded as a transition to the modern church painting and secular art of the 20th cent. The painting collection of the Russian doctor A. I. Kohanovsky kept at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) confirm the position of J. Mercier who spoke about new iconographic representations and forms developed by local artists during 19th and 20th cent.


Case Report A married bricklayer, aged 56 years, attended a venereal diseases clinic on April 29, 1954, complaining of ill health of 12 months' duration which he attributed to syphilis. Why he was so certain of the diagnosis was not disclosed. There was no history of early syphilis or any other venereal infection, extra-marital coitus was denied, and there had been no marital coitus for 14 years. This last statement was confirmed by his wife. His previous health had been good. History of Present Illness.-There had been a general increase of malaise and weakness, with anorexia, loss of weight, and occasional attacks of vomiting, not related to any particular article of diet, which occurred during meals. He did not complain of any chest symptoms, but on questioning admitted to having had a cough for some considerable time, though he could not remember if this had preceded the other symptoms. He began to have difficulty in walking 14 days before admission. There was no history of any febrile attacks, haemoptysis, pains, or paraesthesia, and he had had no treatment of any kind. He was a heavy cigarette smoker and drank alcohol in moderation, and, as far as could be ascertained, there were no industrial hazards to which the illness could be attributed. Clinical Examination.-He was ill and anxious-looking and had obviously lost weight. He walked with a stoppage gait and was dyspnoeic on slight exertion. No vomiting attacks occurred during his stay in hospital. The cough was loose and frequent with about 5 oz. mucopurulent sputum daily. There was no genital scarring or other signs suggestive of syphilis on the skin or mucous membranes. Examination revealed an area of consolidation in the upper lobe of the right lung. The heart appeared normal, the systolic blood pressure was 150 mm., and the diastolic 75 mm. Hg. No abnormality was detected in the abdomen. The cranial nerves were intact. The superficial and tendon reflexes including the knee and ankle jerks were normal. There was no loss of power in the upper limbs, trunk, or thighs. The


The Shape of Training report contains many different proposals.[1][1] Some of these proposals are not new, but are worth repeating in any report on training; for example the value of apprenticeship in training, the need for an excellent training environment and the lifelong nature of learning.


Throughout his pontificate, John XXII exhibited a marked concern over matters of sorcery, divination, and demonic invocation. The pope feared magical assaults and assassination attempts on his own person, and he used charges of heresy, sorcery, and idolatry as political weapons against his enemies. He also promoted the more general persecution of sorcery by ordering papal inquisitors to take action against sorcerers and by issuing a sentence of automatic excommunication against all those who practiced any form of demonic invocation that entailed the supplication or worship of demons. His bull on this matter, Super illius specula (Upon His Watchtower), remained an important part of the legal apparatus against practitioners of sorcery for the remainder of the Middle Ages. Disciplines European History | History of Religion | Other History | Political History Comments Encyclopedia of Witchcraft: The Western Tradition edited by Richard M. Golden. Copyright 2006 by ABCCLIO. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission of ABC-CLIO, LLC, Santa Barbara, CA. This book chapter is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/history_pubs/56 Book I, chapter 9, John turned to magic, omens, dreams, divination, and other forms of vice touching on the preternatural that courtiers must avoid, concluding his discussion at the end of Book II. Thus John's work provided not only a window on the newly emerging life of the court but also an analysis of the insecurities of that world, based on many years of shrewd observation and a profound moral concern. In his discussion of the magical arts, John drew widely on his extensive reading of classical Latin literature, the Bible, the encyclopedic work of Isidore of Seville, and the Church Fathers, particularly St. Augustine. John considered all of his sources and authorities to be discussing the same phenomenon, and some scholars have dismissed these sections of the Policraticus as simply a parade of recondite learning. But John was genuinely alarmed at the prevalence of magic, particularly in the form of fortunetelling, divination, and forbidden forms of astrology. He had firsthand experience of its appeal to many courtiers (including Becket), and he possessed a profound awareness of the dangers it posed to unwitting, ambitious, unlearned courtiers who needed both instruction about its true nature and a body of authoritative evidence to justify John's warnings. John even included some autobiographical details in Book II, 28, telling of his own youthful experience in which a priest tried to use him as a medium in a procedure of crystal gazing. At the end of Book II, 17, John refers to the general belief in night-riding women and infant cannibalism that was found in the Canon Episcopi, as well as in the work of Burchard of Worms. John stated that, with divine permission because of human sin, demons may cause humans to suffer only in the spirit things that they believed happen in the flesh. John brusquely dismissed the idea that such assemblies actually occurred, and insisted that the entire belief was the result of the illusions created by sporting demons, affecting only poor old women and simpleminded men. In this regard, John firmly asserted the power of proper religious and moral instruction as the only legitimate means of combating the powers of demons, which operated only on the spirit and not in the material world. John's work was an impo'rtant example of twelfth-century humanist moral skepticism.


Direct torque control (DTC) appears as an effective and practical control scheme for permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motor drives. Different optimization methods are proposed to enhance the performance of conventional DTC. To the best of authors' knowledge, the efficiency optimization of PMS motors under DTC has not yet been reported. The main contribution of this paper is an off line control method for optimization of steady state efficiency of permanent magnet synchronous machine under DTC. In the proposed DTC approach, the flux command is obtained based on an optimization procedure to yield a maximum efficiency over a wide motor operating range. Analytic determination of optimum stator flux linkage for loss minimization has been introduced. In addition, graphical interpretation of optimization procedure has been presented. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed DTC


The World Health Organization classifies liver cancer among the five types of cancer with highest death rates in the world. Among the current methods available for the treatment of liver cancer, there is the resection of hepatic tissue and the radiofrequency ablation of the tumor. Even though resection presents the best results, only 10% to 15% of the affected patients may eligible for this procedure. On the other hand, the radiofrequency ablation encompasses a larger scope of patients and provides a non-invasive method when compared to resection. There is research with sufficient evidence to allow the transposition of this concept to new technological paradigms, which would yield a more effective ablation process, i.e.: generating enough volumetric necrosis for complete regression of the tumor, leading to a high survival rate of patients. These technological paradigms encompass aspects of operability, innovation and of theoretical framework. In terms of operability, there is the use of better imaging sources to aid the healthcare professional in the positioning of electrodes; in terms of innovation, there are new technologies such as the use of optical fiber microsensors and metallic magnetic nanoparticles to increase the efficiency of the process; in terms of theoretical framework, there is the development of more precise mathematical models that would expand the possibilities of application and increase its effectiveness. These new challenges are new possibilities that may reshape the concept and the use of radiofrequency ablation as it is currently known.


The OH&S standards in force valid for mine closure (i.e. during the conservation and proper closing and for temporary or permanent closing of the mine areas adversely affected during the operating period) state the monitoring of the safety parameters that define the underground atmosphere, mainly temperature and gases. The idea shown below is part of the group for warning against underground fire hazards and gas and powders hazards. It comprises an early automatic sampling and processing of information related to the history of temperature and gases inside gobs and closed underground areas.


A power supply unit with its output voltage sinusoidal is extremely useful not only for general use but also in an emergency case. In order to operate various apparatuses stably, the feedback control system of sinusoidal-wave inverter should be carefully designed. In this paper, feedback control system is designed for a sinusoidal-wave inverter without filter circuit at its output. In addition, its effectiveness is verified in both theoretical and detail simulation study.


This thesis, titled "Polymer gears", presents polymer materials, their structure as well as the mechanical behavior of each category of polymers, in order for them to be connected consequently, as raw material in the manufacture of gears. Their behavior towards to short-term tensile is referred; towards to fatigue, creep, dynamic mechanical analysis and also reference is made to viscoelasticity. Thereinafter, polymer materials are presented, which fulfill the requirements in order for polymer gears to be manufactured by them. Construction methods of polymer gears are also presented and an extensive analysis of gear production using rapid prototyping (3D printing) is made. Subsequently, the characteristics and properties of polymer toothed wheels are cited as also the applications in which they are useful. Afterwards, en extensive presentation of methods of polymer gears testing follows, where three types of testing rigs are displayed in order for the mechanical properties of polymer gears to be tested.


nisms associated with haemostasis. During this process, the serine protease, thrombin, is generated locally at injured sites. Here it plays a pivotal role in both clot promotion and inhibition, as well as additional processes, such as cell signalling. Failure to tightly coordinated these functions can lead to either bleeding or thrombosis. The crystal structures of thrombin, in combination with biochemical analyses of thrombin mutants, have provided insight into the ways in which thrombin functions and its activity is modulated. Due to its central role in haemostasis, thrombin remains a therapeutic target, as current antithrombotic therapies are invariably broad-spectrum and their use requires constant monitoring to minimise haemorrhagic risk. In this short review, we summarise recent progress in our understanding of the way in which this multifunctional proteinase interacts with its substrates during haemostasis.


The Digital Europe Program (DEP) is concentrated on bringing digital technology to businesses and citizens in five main areas: High Performance Computing (HPC), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cybersecurity and Trust, Advanced Digital Skills, and the Deployment and Best Use of Digital Capacity and Interoperability. Thus, defining a rigorous and generic Reference Model that is suitable for every kind of information and data structures within an electronic health record (EHR) is key focus for DEP. Open specifications and clinical models in healthcare applications are often accustomed create and build interoperability solutions, to process safely EHR data that have come from heterogeneous sources. The aim of this paper is to present a model of openEHR standard specification and the use for data representation and exchange about Intraocular Pressure (IOP), which is one of the most vital modifiable risk factor for the event of glaucoma. At this stage the focus is on establishing collaboration between engineers and clinicians, thus the proposed model does not claim to be exhaustive.


This paper presents a simple yet in practice very efficient technique serving for automatic detection of those positions in a part-of-speech tagged corpus where an error is to be suspected. The approach is based on the idea of learning and later application of "negative bigrams", i.e. on the search for pairs of adjacent tags which constitute an incorrect configuration in a text of a particular language (in English, e.g., the bigram ARTICLE - FINITE VERB). Further, the paper describes the generalization of the "negative bigrams" into "negative n-grams", for any natural n, which indeed provides a powerful tool for error detection in a corpus. The implementation is also discussed, as well as evaluation of results of the approach when used for error detection in the NEGRA® corpus of German, and the general implications for the quality of results of statistical taggers. Illustrative examples in the text are taken from German, and hence at least a basic command of this language would be helpful for their understanding - due to the complexity of the necessary accompanying explanation, the examples are neither glossed nor translated. However, the central ideas of the paper should be understandable also without any knowledge of German.


Abstract: Economic load dispatch provides optimization method which divides demand of the power among online generators economically by satisfying different constraints. ELD can concluded as scheduling of committed generating units by meeting up the demands of the consumers while reducing operational cost to the utilities with satisfying equality and inequality constraints. In this work several optimization algorithm have discussed such as Genetic Algorithm, Lambda Optimization Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. These optimization algorithms can be used as per the requirement of the system. A hybrid mechanism i.e. BPSO-ST (Binary Particle Swarm Optimization-State Transition) algorithm for ELD is developed in this study. Resultant graph in the result and discussion section shows that BPSO-ST is better in terms of total power output generation and total generation cost and total Power Loss in comparison to the POS, Lambda and GA optimization algorithm.


The mobilization of fat does not ensure its metabolism. How does training influence the utilization of FFA as a source of energy for muscular contractions? Studies have shown that trained animals and humans are capable of extracting a greater percentage of their energy from FFA during submaximal exercise. How, then, does fitness influence fat utilization? Móle, Oscai, and Holloszy (1971) provided convincing proof of the effect of training on FFA utilization. They found that the ability of rat muscle to oxidize the fatty acid palmitate doubled following 12 weeks of treadmill training. The authors suggested that the shift to fat metabolism was a key factor in the development of endurance fitness and an important mechanism serving to spare carbohydrate stores and prevent low blood sugar during prolonged exertion. Thus, the physically fit person can derive a greater percentage of energy requirements from fat than the unfit subject can. At a given workload, fit subjects may obtain as much as 90 percent of their energy from fat. Free fatty acids are used during all forms of muscular activity, except for all-out bursts of effort, such as the 100-yard dash. Training even seems to improve the ability of the heart muscle to oxidize fat (Keul 1971). When exercise begins, the initial source of energy from fat is from intramuscular fat, a supply that is enhanced with training. When prolonged activity depletes intramuscular fat, the body uses fat that comes from adipose tissue by way of the blood (Coggan and Williams 1995). Improved fitness increases the availability of fat through mobilization of FFAs, as well as from an increase in enzyme activity. Both contribute to the rate of FFA utilization.


The "Trauma Literature",as the first trend in literary creation in the new period,has made an unforgettable historic contribution to the rise of the trend head of the new-period litreature,to the creation of grand works out of tragedies,to the beginning of discussion of some taboo subjects,and to the display of people's trauma.The ten-year Cultural Revolution is a never-out-of-date subject for literary creation.


With the presidential election less than a month away, President Barack Obama and former Gov. Mitt Romney are each working hard to convince voters that they are the better choice to lead the country for the next four years. Live debates between the two candidates are already under way—the first on domestic policy took place last week (see page 10). And although two other debates are scheduled for later this month, it is unlikely that they will include any significant discussion of science policy issues. To help fill this gap, C&EN asked each candidate eight questions. Four responses from Obama and Romney—on research support, national security, open access, and scientific integrity—appear in this print story in their entirety so their responses are briefly discussed. The remaining four answers—on energy, climate change, innovation, and education—are summarized in more detail here. All eight questions and responses are available in their entirety at ...


This research sought to understand the new forms of citizenship which are built through the expression of moral feelings in the context of educommunica- tive practices that are developed by war victims and non-victim students of the Colectivo Caminos de Paz. Theoretical references and categories of analysis took into account the moral sentiments, educommunica- tion and citizenship. A qualitative research approach as well as the narrative biographic method were im- plemented. The most important result was the rec- ognition of the Colectivo as an educational facility in which is possible to develop citizenship forms through different educommunicative practices. Thus, it is possible to conclude that moral feelings are tools that contribute to the generation of a new citizenship through democratic values that are set in the school culture within the educommunicative practices car- ried out by the Colectivo.


Since Huangshatuo Oilfield is a low infiltration oilfield,and the standard of treating water is very high.If it cannot get to the standard,it will infect the effect of oilfield developing.Jinma Oilfield rebuilt the polluted water treatment system in operating block three in 2007.Filtration pot Liaoning used Hua Fu-Ai De Equipment Co.,Ltd.Production of filters,enhancing the quality of treated water and fulfilling the demand of Formation water.


The IPNS RCS is a rapid cycling synchrotron used to accelerate protons from 50 MeV to 450 MeV, 30 times per second. Currently, two single-gap, ferrite-loaded coaxial cavities, located 180/spl deg/ apart, provide a total peak accelerating voltage of approximately 21 kV over the 2.2 MHz to 5.1 MHz revolution frequency band. An amplifier chain, which includes a 2 kW predriver, a 20 kW driver and a 100 kW final, drives each cavity. A third RF system, consisting of a cavity, cavity bias supply, and amplifier chain, is currently under construction. When complete, this upgrade will provide flexibility in operation that is expected to enhance reliability (i.e., three cavity operation at higher total accelerating voltage, three cavity operation at lower voltage per cavity, or two cavity operation with an on-line spare). In addition, the third cavity will provide an experimental station for second harmonic RF cavity studies. We report progress to date.


To solve the problem in the neural network prediction algorithm,a hybrid algerithm which combines genetic algorithm and neural network was proposed.The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of neural network model.The function between incident and traffic parameters was determined.Finally,the testification of algorithm validation was undertaken by measured data of a real freeway. The results indicated that the genetic algorithm has a better robust and can greatly improve the efficiency of traffic incident detection.2 figs, 9 refs.


JARBOE Andrew Tait, FOGARTY Richard S. Empires in World War I : shifting frontiers and imperial dynamics in a global conflict London : I.B. Tauris, 2014, XIII-379 p. Collection International library of twentieth century history ; 68 ISBN 978-1-7807-6440-5 MOND 636 Resume editeur : Soon after the guns in Belgium and France had signalled the commencement of what would become the world's single most destructive conflict to date, the British, Ottoman, German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, French an...


Conservation of the total energy and the total momenta in time-stepping schemes for non-linear 3D beams of the Reissner–Simo type is achieved via a particular treatment of large 3D rotations, which involves a rotational update using Cayley transformation, an interpolation of incremental tangent-scaled rotations and a non-linear update formula for angular velocities. In this note we investigate the side-effects of this procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Introduction: Early life ethanol exposure is known to program hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons to express a reduced level of POMC and its control of stress axis functions throughout the life span. In this study, we tested whether miRNAs contribute to the ethanol-induced suppression of Pomc gene expression during the developmental period. Methods: In in vivo studies, POMC-EGFP male mice were fed with 2.5 g/kg ethanol using milk formula (AF), pair-fed isocaloric milk formula, or left in the litter during postnatal days (PNDs) 2–6. In in vitro studies, mHypoA-POMC/GFP cells were treated with ethanol (50 mM) for a 24-h period. Hypothalamic tissues or cell extracts were used for measurement of miRNAs and POMC mRNA. Results: Determination of genome-wide microRNA expression profile identified 40 miRNAs significantly altered in hypothalamic tissues of AF mice. In silico analysis further identified miRNA-383, -384, and -488 have putative binding sites at the POMC 3′UTR. However, only miR-383 and miR-384 are identified to be responsive to ethanol. Administration of miR-383 or -384 inhibitor oligos suppressed ethanol-stimulated miR-383 or -384 expression and restored Pomc mRNA and protein expression in AF mice. mHypoA-POMC/GFP cells when treated with ethanol showed elevated levels of miR-383 and miR-384 and reduced level of Pomc mRNA. Treatment with miR-383 or -384 mimic oligos reduced the level of Pomc mRNA, while treatment with miR-383 or -384 inhibitor oligos increased the level of Pomc mRNA. Reporter assay further confirms the binding specificity of miR-383 and miR-384 to Pomc 3'UTR. Conclusion: These data suggest that miR-383 and miR-384 suppress Pomc gene expression and may contribute to the ethanol-induced alteration of the stress axis functions.


The color of each point (pixel) on the computer display consists of three primary colors. That is red (R), green (G) and blue (B). All the color of each point is expressed by the mixture of three primary colors. There are many colors. However, the difference of various colors depends on the each level of R, G, B. If we change each level of R, G, B for each point, we can change the hue, saturation and value of the image. The author proposes the material for senior high school students, which changes the color of the image by transforming the (R, G, B) into another (R', G', B'). Students can learn the applicable aspects of functions and transformations with this material. And they can also have an experience of modelling process. Original image is changed into new one by mathematical transformation, which involves the comparison and evaluation.


A new firing system is proposed for Anti-aircraft gun.Detailed description of the mechanism of this new firing system and mathematical model are given.On the basis of mathematical model,the decision of velocity sequence is explored for parameters that stand for firing ability of certain kind of Anti-aircraft gun.With angle of direction and angle of site fixed during firing,this firing system can greatly lessen the requirement of gun servo system.Not only can this firing system loosen the servo-system restriction for self-propelled Anti-aircraft gun,but also can help numerous towed Anti-aircraft guns regain vitality with relatively poor servo-system.The bringing up and application of this firing system shall greatly enhance Anti-aircraft gun efficiency in anti-aircraft and anti-missile combat.


In order to solve the problem that original clustering centers of kernel K-means algorithm is difficult to determine,proposed a kernel K-means clustering algorithm based on local density(LDKK).This algorithm applied local relative density of each data to choose the points with high density and low similarity as the initial cluster centers. Experimental results show that the algorithm can eliminate the impact of edge points and noise points, and adapt to the imbalance of each actual type of data set in the density distribution, which can eventually generate higher quality and less volatility clustering.


The present invention relates to microalgae production apparatus which can satisfy the conditions of the growth of microalgae to produce a high density micro-algae. Microalgae production apparatus includes a plurality of transparent tank that is a predetermined space formed therein in accordance with the present invention; Connection for connecting the tank and the transparent adjacent to each of the transparent tank pipe; Water supply unit such that any one supply of the external sea water among the plurality of the transparent tank; And it is provided with additional water circulation which is provided in the connecting pipes circulating the water in the clear water tank. Thus, by continuously customize the conditions necessary for the growth of algae, which enables the production of microalgae in large quantities. Microalgae, polycarbonate, sea water, a light source,


velli, . . . asserts that ultimately the individual owes no one anything.' In the Prologue Alberti associated ancient virtue with the declaration that then 'Our citizens thought that they owed to their country all labor, diligence, and art, that all they had should serve the public welfare and provide reward and sustenance for the whole community.' Machiavelli would indeed have shared Alberti's perspective here, but the vision is not one of an individual developing his character in isolation, but of a personal virtu which can only emerge within the framework of obligations to some community. Other questions may arise*" about Mrs. Watkins' view of Alberti; their interest only increases our gratitude to her for making it possible to confront Alberti in English. PRINCETON UNIVERSITY J . E. Seigel


Because of the lack of agreement about how to define the caesura in Greek verse, this paper tries to emphasize on some aspects of crucial importance for the better understanding of the concrete carrying out of Greek caesura. On the one hand, the caesura is a main element in the metrical structure of verse; on the other, it is in close relation to its meaning and its syntax. After exposing and commenting on examples proving this relation between metre and meaning, it will be insisted on the aspects of syntax and content as basic elements when considering the importance of the caesura in Greek Verse.


ABSTRACT Twenty-eight responders (23 women, 5 men) to an invitation in Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) publications were interviewed by telephone to assess the impact of multiple losses on the grieving process. All had experienced death(s). Most had also experienced self- or family injury, health problems, divorce or separation, or other problems. Grief lasted longest for losses close in time, was completed soonest when losses were more spaced apart, and required an intermediate amount of time for simultaneous losses. People generally grieved one loss at a time, even for simultaneous losses. Personal injuries altered grieving patterns. Multiple losses affected individuals' health, marriages, faith, finances, jobs, emotions, and personalities.


Two ductile deformations formed the 3.5-km-thick, south dipping American Girl shear zone in the Cargo Muchancho Mountains, SE California. The older event (D1) imprints crystalloblastic fabrics that record contractional strains at midcrustal depths in the Middle( ) and Late Jurassic. The second event (D2) is marked by superposed mylonitic fabrics that are coplanar and colinear with fabrics of D1. Small mylonitic shear zones of D2 cut undeformed rocks in the hanging wall of the American Girl shear zone. Folded sheets of Jurassic granite geneiss and kinematic indicators in mylonites indicative southward directed transport down the present dip of the foliation during D2. [sup 40]Ar/[sup 39]Ar release spectrum on hornblende from undeformed upper-plate monzo-diorite (173 Ma, U-Pb zircon), about 2 km above the top of shear zone has a plateau age of 96.7[+-]0.9 Ma. In contrast, hornblende release spectra from granite gneiss about 200 m below the top of the shear zone and from hornblende gneiss about 3 km below the top of the shear zone are flat and have identical ages. Hornblende from monzodiorite at the base of the upper plate has a more complicated spectrum that is interpreted to indicate a cooling age of 60.4[+-]1.3 Ma.


X‐linked intellectual deficiency (XLID) is a large group of genetic disorders. MED12 gene causes syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of XLID. Only seven pathological mutations have been identified in this gene. Here, we report a novel mutation segregating with XLID phenotype. This mutation could be in favor of genotype–phenotype correlations.


In order to solve the confusion of input data, an algorithm of human action recognition based on packet convolution neural network is proposed. The two-layer wavelet combined with the mean square error method is used to group the samples, and then study the features in the case of guaranteeing the grouping error. The algorithm is tested on the video library and compared with the traditional convolution neural network algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a significant improvement in the subjective and objective performance compared with the similar algorithm, and the success rate has been greatly improved.


Abstract A carbon mass balance for photosynthesis, carbonate precipitation, out‐gassing, and respiration was calculated for a stream in Yorkshire, UK, from diurnal variations in total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC) and its isotopic composition. Complementary measurements of the photosynthetically available radiation, water temperature, pH, and dissolved calcium were taken at the springhead (site A) and downstream (site B). The difference in carbon isotope composition between the lower station and the springhead increases from a nighttime minimum of 3.4%oPDB to a daytime maximum of 7.1%o as a result of the biological and chemical processes affecting the dissolved inorganic carbon pool. The diurnal carbon balance input consisted of 194 mol carbon that entered via the spring (accounting for 94.6% of the budget) and 5.4% that was added by aquatic plant respiration. Of the output, 10.0% was fixed by photosynthesis, 12.2% was precipitated as CaCO3, and 9.4% was outgassed over 24 h. At midday 17.8% was fixed ...


Aromatheraphy refers to the application of essential oils to treat diseases. Essential oils come from natural plants, with characteristic odor. Apart from aromatherapy, they had been used for thousands of years in many home products,such as cosmetic and mosquito repellents. Due to their different active ingredients, each essential oil has slightly difference in their functions. For example, Chamomile oil extracted from Chamomilla recutita can be used in anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and has a function of sedation; Citronella oil extracted from Cymbopogon nardus is mainly used as mosquito repellent; Jasmine oil extracted from Jasminum officinale can be used for antidepressant and antiseptic; and Geranium oil extracted from Pelargonium graveolens can reduce inflammation, treat acne and alleviate anxiety. In our study, the essential oils were extracted from the corresponding plants by either steam distillation or Soxhlet extraction, and the chemical analysis of their active ingredients were performed by GC-MS. Most of the components in essential oils belong to monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids or oxygenated terpenes.


The U.S. drinking water sector faces many challenges, among them treatment and distribution systems that are showing signs of age. Innovations in how utilities procure projects, conduct operations,...


A simple structure dual-band circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna (MSA) installed on a single layer substrate is designed in this paper. The slotted radiation patch with four symmetric stubs of this MSA is fed by a coaxial line. The MSA has good CP characteristics and impedance matching in both of the two bands. Moreover, we can easily get different frequency ratio of the higher and lower center frequency (R(fH/fL)) by adjusting the dimensions and positions of the slots and the dimensions of the stubs on the patch. The bandwidth of S11≤−10dB can be achieved 3.4% and 2.2% respectively for lower and upper frequency band and the bandwidth of axial ratio (AR) less than 3dB is about 20MHz for both bands. The radiation pattern performance is right hand circular polarization (RHCP) in this design and the co-polarization gain is larger than 6.5dBic.


Since the establishment of slave plantations in French Guiana during the 17th century, the small island of Ilet la Mère, located 11 km from Cayenne, has functioned as site of confinement, refuge, and experimentation. These roles continued during and after the creation of France's largest penal colony across the territory (1852–1953). This article identifies different phases of Ilet la Mère's colonial and postcolonial histories, and argues that the island plays an integral role in the ongoing perception and administration of French Guiana as colonial outpost and underexploited natural resource. This involves frequent misconceptions that French Guiana itself is an island, and the metonymic evocation of its islands, notably Devil's Island (one of the Salvation Islands) and Cayenne, to denote the entire territory. Such perceptions, applied from outside the territory, alongside local engagement with lesser-known islands like Ilet la Mère, contribute to the creation of a 'toxic island ecology'. Toxicity, defined as more than contagion and contamination, incorporates other practices and discourses which work to draw attention away from environmental and human rights abuses taking place on the mainland. The article concludes with reflection on the island's current usage as a nature sanctuary where visitors can interact with overly tame squirrel monkeys.


Results—For every 100 TB patients treated, replacing standard therapy with shorter-course regimens avert an estimated 2–4 failures/relapses, 0.2–0.4 deaths, and 8–14 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), or 6–11% of all DALYs suffered. We identified three primary determinants of cost-effectiveness: drug price, continuation-phase treatment delivery costs, and deaths averted through fewer relapses. In a high treatment cost scenario (similar to Brazil), averted delivery costs outweighed higher drug costs, making novel regimens cost-saving. In a low treatment cost scenario (similar to the Philippines), a four-month regimen with a drug price of $1/day cost $66 per patient, or $840 per DALY averted, and became cost-saving if the drug price dropped below $0.37/day.


Depression is a heterogeneous mood disorder that has been classified and treated in variety of ways. Although a number of synthetic drugs are being used as standard treatment for clinically depressed patient, they have adverse effects that can compromise the therapeutic treatment. In the traditional systems of medicine, many plants and formulations have been used to treat depression for thousands of years. Commiphora mukul is a commonly available plant throughout India and it has been claimed in traditional literature to be valuable plant against a wide variety of diseases. Till date no scientific data was available on the antidepressant activity of this plant. So, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Commiphora mukul (Family: Burseraceae), on depression in mice using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Hydro-alcoholic, Ethyl acetate and pet ether fractions (50 and100 mg/kg p.o.) of Guggul administered orally for 14 successive days had decreased the immobility periods significantly in a dose-dependent manner in both TST and FST, showing significant antidepressant-like activity. The activities of the fractions were found to be comparable to imipramine in both FST and TST.
In conclusion, our results indicate the potential for use of Commiphora mukul as an adjuvant in the treatment of depression.


Abstract Reciprocal translocation involves break and exchange of the chromosomal segments between two non-homologous chromosomes. It is aimed to report the association between the breakpoints in the chromosomes and the clinical conditions and the sex of the carrier. The present study has analyzed the data from 42 carriers and there were 17 male and 25 female carriers. For the total sample, it was observed that 25 were in bad obstetric history; 25 chromosomes belonged to C group; chromosome 1 was involved 6 times with 2,3,9,14,15; the formation of the translocation between the long arms (q;q) was in 21 and the breakpoints in the long arm were 59. Bad obstetric history was associated to C group chromosomes in 15 and the long arm combinations were seen in 12 and the breakpoints in it were 29. In the female, 15 with bad obstetric history were carriers; C group was seen in 18 and in 11 it showed the association to bad obstetric history; the long arm combination was noted in 13 and in 8 it was in bad obstetric history; breakpoints in the long arm were 37 and 22 times it was in bad obstetric history and the translocation between 15q and 22q were associated to bad obstetric history. In the present study, the chromosomes and its arms and breakpoints and the clinical conditions were associated to female and bad obstetric history.


Background: Congenital anomalous origins of the coronary arteries are a rare but well-described cause of myocardial ischemia and sudden death. Objective: To determine the frequency of coronary artery anomalies in adult patients undergoing coronary angiography for ischemic heart disease. Methodology: A total of 493 consecutive patients with diagnosed Ishemic Heart Disease (IHD) visiting Department of Cardiac Catheterization, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan were included in this th th cross sectional study from 15 June to 15 December 2014. Diagnostic coronary angiography was carried out. The outcome variable i.e. coronary anomalies as defined in operational definition were noted on the performa. Results: There were 493 patients. Males were 293 (59.4%) while females were 200 (40.6%). Mean age of the patients was 54.45 + 13.02 years ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. Coronary artery anomaly was identified in 8 (1.6%). Separate left anterior descending and left circumflex artery was observed in 2 (0.4%), Left circumflex artery arising from right coronary sinus was observed in 1 (0.2%), Right coronary artery arising from left coronary sinus was observed in 2 (0.4%), left coronary artery arising from right coronary sinus was observed in 1(0.2%) while myocardial bridging was observed in 3 (0.6%). One of the patients with myocardial bridging also has left coronary artery arising from right sinus. Conclusion: Myocardial bridges were the most frequently encountered problem followed by separate origins of LAD and left circumflex and then right coronary artery arising from the left coronary.


The author studied the statistical and analytical materials illustrating the situation in the construction industry of the Russian Federation in 2021 and in the beginnings of 2022. The main problems and possible ways of their solution are revealed.


Problems in real life usually involve uncertain, inconsistent and incomplete information. An example of such problems is strategic decision making with respect to remediation planning of historic pedestrian bridges. The multiple decision makers and experts, as well as the various mutually conflicting criteria, unknown criteria weights, and vagueness and duality in final decisions, provide motivation to develop a methodology that is able to resist the challenges implicit in this problem. Therefore, the aim of this research was to propose an algorithm based on the theory of rough neutrosophic sets in order to solve the problem of strategic planning with respect to the remediation of historic pedestrian bridges. A new multicriteria decision-making model is developed that is a fusion of rough set and neutrosophic set theory. A new cross entropy is proposed under a rough neutrosophic environment that does not possess the shortcomings of asymmetrical character and unknown occurrences. Additionally, a weighted rough neutrosophic symmetric cross entropy is proposed. Furthermore, a rough neutrosophic VIKOR method is introduced, with which the values of the utility measure, regret measure and VIKOR index are obtained. These values, as well as the weighted rough neutrosophic symmetric cross entropy measure, are used to provide a ranking of historic pedestrian bridges favorable to remediation. Finally, an illustrative example of the strategic planning of remediation for historic pedestrian bridges is solved and compared to other research, demonstrating the robustness, feasibility and efficacy of the model when dealing with complex multicriteria decision-making processes.


In order to conduct an accurate evaluation of enterprise performance, we must, o n the theoretical basis of balanced scorecard, construct an indicator system of enterprise performance, including financial efficiency, liquidity, customer sati sfaction and development ability, and enhance the effect of non-financial indica tors on evaluation results. In the meantime, we should reshape the role structur e whereby intermediaries play the leading part, firms cooperate positively and g overnment provides timely guidance, and raise the efficiency and effect of perfo rmance evaluation.


We establish conditions for the linear differential equation y(t) + p(t)y(g(t)) = 0 to have property A. Explicit sufficient conditions for the oscillation of the the equation is obtained while dealing with the property A of the equations. A comparison theorem is obtained for the oscillation of the equation with the oscillation of a third order ordinary differential equation.


By using phase noise, secure transmission scheme based on uneven PSK modulation has been proposed to transmit data. Simulation result shows that eavesdropper's and receiver's BER are 0.5 and 1E-4 when SNR is 20dB, respectively.


Introduction The International Ethics Conference held at the University of Botswana from 6-10 December 2009 brought together over 250 delegates, speakers, and other participants from a wide range of disciplines. The theme of the conference, Retrieving the Human Face of Science: Understanding Ethics and Integrity in Healthcare, Medicine and Research, was topical for the delegates, who were a blend of healthcare professionals, academicians, lawyers, health policy makers, theologians, researchers, media professionals, retired professionals, medical and nursing students, and, interestingly, laypersons who attended both as consumers of medical services and as potential research participants. Though health professionals and researchers represented the majority, the mix clearly reflected the growing interest in bioethics amongst people of all social backgrounds, and an increase in the magnitude and momentum of the bioethics movement globally and in Botswana specifically. Summary of the Conference The conference began on Sunday, December 6, 2009 with four pre-conference workshops held in two parallel sessions in the morning and afternoon. The pre-conference workshops were facilitated by teams of local and international experts, and provided a platform for the discussion of important questions in the area of international research. The workshops also provided guidance on preparing proposals to meet the ethical requirements of review boards. The sessions were very useful for young and up-coming researchers, and stimulated debates and discussions around the issue of post-trial access. The workshops were followed by a Braai in the Mokolodi Nature Reserve--an experience that was aimed at showcasing Botswana's natural gifts whilst at the same time serving as a stimulant for networking. The conference itself ran from December 7-9, 2009 and offered a blend of absorbing and interesting plenary sessions and panel discussions. The keynote speakers, presenters, and panelists represented various disciplines ranging from health research, research administration, health policy, and public health. The conference included three keynote addresses covering various aspects related to each of the three main areas of focus--healthcare, medicine, and research. Each of the three keynotes was followed by comments from respondents who had expertise in the topics presented by the keynote presenters. The first keynote was given by His Grace Archbishop Desmond Tutu, a man held in high esteem both locally and internationally. The Archbishop is a man of natural talent; in his moving keynote he called for a shift of view from the patient as a "case" to a fellow human being in need of service. The Archbishop emphasized that all human beings become vulnerable during times of illness, as illness brings them closer to death. During this time of vulnerability, humans require fellow human beings to provide them care and support. He called for a more holistic view and respect of the patient as the centre of the healthcare enterprise. He added that ethical issues and their nuances must be debated not merely by doctors but all of civil society. Vice Admiral Adam Robinson, the second keynote speaker, gave a moving address on the need for compassion in the delivery of healthcare, medicine, and research. He illustrated his ideas ably using examples from the US Navy and the role that it plays in assisting victims of natural disasters. In his talk on Hearing the Cries of the Poor: Healthcare as Human Response, the United States Navy Surgeon General emphasised the need for those who have resources to assist the less priviledged in times of need. His discussion naturally flowed from Archbishop Tutus keynote, as he illustrated how the priviledged can assist the less priviledged. The third keynote which was given by Dr. Joseph Makhema, Director of the Botswana-Harvard partnership, who emphasized the important issues that arise in international collaborative research. …


i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF TABLES vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Significance 3 Problem Statement and Objective 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Introduction 7 Human Dimensions of Wildlife (HDW) 8 Human Responses to Wildlife 9 Cognitive Domain 9 Affective Domain 11 Measures of Emotion 15 Norms 18 Management Implications 19 Wildlife Responses to Outdoor Recreation 21 General Wildlife Responses 21 Variables Affecting Wildlife Responses 22 Characteristics of Wildlife 23 Characteristics of the Activity and User 24 Characteristics of the Environment 24 Impacts to Wildlife Following Disturbance 26 Mountain Goats 28 Management Implications 30 Filling the Gaps 31 CHAPTER 3: METHODS 33 Introduction 33


These checklists offer a structured framework for observational assessment, focused on the child's "receptive language", "expressive language", and "social and cognitive use of language". They link directly to a resource bank of practical language teaching ideas and activities presented in the accompanying handbook and targeted on the particular problems of language-delayed children. The checklists are arranged in developmental order of difficulty and are designed to be completed over time. They also provide guidelines for referral for specialist help, if appropriate.


i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Problem Statement 5 1.2 Research Objectives 7 1.3 Project Scope 8 1.4 Organization 8 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1 Factors Affecting Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions 9 2.1.1 Vehicle Characteristics 9 184.108.40.206 Vehicle Class and Weight 9 188.8.131.52 Vehicle Age 14 184.108.40.206 Engine Aftertreatment 15 2.1.2 Driving Mode 16 2.1.3 Fuel Type 20 2.1.4 Terrain Traveled 22 2.1.5 Environmental Factors 24 18.104.22.168 Altitude 24 22.214.171.124 Ambient Temperature and Humidity 25 2.2 Emission Models 26 2.3 Summary of Findings 31 2.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 34 3.0 METHODOLOGY 38 3.1 Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) Data 38 3.2 Through-Truck Filter 40 3.3 Estimating Link-Based Heavy-Vehicle Emissions 43 3.3.1 Extracting Vehicle Weight and Speed from WIM Database ....... 43 3.3.2 Effect of Grade on Heavy-Duty Vehicle Speeds 47 3.3.3 Estimating Link-Based NOx Emissions 52 3.3.4 Estimating Link-Based CO2 Emissions 55


This study comprehensively investigates the performance of the downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with channel state information (CSI) delay, when the base station serves multiple user terminals (UTs) taking advantage of maximum ratio transmission precoding. Through the characteristic analysis of the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at UT, the tight lower bound of average area spectrum efficiency (SE) and its asymptotic bound with the infinite number of UTs are deduced, respectively. Based on the asymptotic bound and the realistic power consumption model consisting of both radiated power and circuit power, the trade-off between SE and energy efficiency (EE) is developed, and the optimal EE with respect to SE is attained concisely. Moreover, the approximate expressions of both outage probability and bit error ratio (BER) are derived when the massive MIMO system works at its interference limited region. All theoretical results coincide to numerical results, and they show that deploying more transmission antennas will be helpful to improve SE, EE and reliability simultaneously; SE will be enhanced; however, the reliability, including both outage probability and BER, will be worsened by multiplexing more UTs; enlarging CSI delay can extensively deteriorate SE, EE and reliability.


The issues facing communities, particularly urban communities, often elicit demands for action and positive social change. These demands create challenges and opportunities for universitycommunity partnerships grounded in relationship-building processes. Addressing the immediate and pressing concerns of communities, while building mutually beneficial relationships requires more than modifying an existing process; it requires innovative solutions based on systems change.


Commercialization through cooperatives has the potential to reduce transaction costs and improve bargaining power of farmers vis-a-vis the market. The objective of this study is to evaluate the probability for Ethiopian agri-cooperative to engage in collective marketing activities over time, given market and governance characteristics. Using a sample of 200 agricultural cooperatives from the Ethiopian Highlands, the analysis reveals that collective marketing faces cyclical challenges related to increased competition. Empirical results also suggest that among Ethiopian cooperatives, those located in the Northern regions of Tigray and Amhara, and/or established upon the voluntary initiative of farmers, are more likely to engage in sustainable collective marketing activities over time. The study concludes with implications for policy and further research.


Coulomb-nuclear interference effects were investigated in the inelastic scattering of [sup 16]O and [sup 18]O by [sup 64]Zn. Measurements of elastic and inelastic angular distributions of [sup 18]O were performed at a laboratory energy of 49 MeV, over the angular range from [theta][sub lab][similar to]30[degree] to 85[degree]. The excitation functions of [sup 16]O and [sup 18]O ions were measured at incident energies between 29 and 46 MeV at [theta][sub lab]=174[degree]. The experimental angular distributions show structures which are more pronounced for projectile excitation than for target excitation. The interference minimum for the excitation of the [sup 18]O first 2[sup +] state was found to be shifted towards forward angles by approximately 5[degree] (c.m.) with respect to the distorted-wave Born approximation calculations and by approximately 3.5[degree] (c.m.) with respect to the coupled-channels calculations. A pronounced Coulomb-nuclear interference minimum was seen in the excitation of [sup 64]Zn(2[sup +]) state by inelastic scattering of [sup 16]O projectiles, whereas no pronounced minimum was observed in target excitation by [sup 18]O projectiles. The elastic scattering data were analyzed with the optical model. The inelastic differential cross sections for the excitation of the first 2[sup +] states in the target and in the [sup 18]O projectilemore » were analyzed using the distorted-wave Born approximation and also the coupled-channels approach with collective form factors.« less


Dear Editors, Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory debilitating skin disease that is characterised by painful, deep-seated, inflamed boils, sinus tract formation, and scarring, mostly in the flexural body sites. To date, there is no long-term cure for HS, and the treatment strategy usually consists of both medication and surgery (1). In chronic, severe HS [Hurley stage III with >1% body surface area (BSA) affected (2)], systemic drug therapy, such as oral antibiotics or TNF-α inhibitors, with adjuvant surgery is needed to achieve remission (1). Surgery includes wide excision of the entire affected area, with removal of sinuses and associated inflamed and scar tissue (3). Several techniques have been described to close the large surgical defects in HS. Long-term results showed no difference in the recurrence rate between a variety of reconstruction methods (4). Local wound reconstruction is crucial for accelerating the healing of post-surgical skin defects and thus preventing prolonged healing times. However, there still is no consensus on which reconstructive technique (e.g. healing by second intention, closure with skin grafts or local flaps) to use, and there is even less experience with topical bioactive agents (5). Platelet preparations, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM), have been used to deliver growth factors directly to wounds (6). The actions of PRP include promoting tissue regeneration by induction of newly synthesised collagen, elastin dermal extracellular matrix and neoangiogenesis (7). To date, only one case has been reported whereby PRP and Hyalomatrix gel have been used with good results after extensive HS surgery (8).


(57) Abstract: A method and system for detecting a proximal level and neurological status of nerve against the proximal electrode. By a method for detecting a proximal level of a nerve against a proximal electrode, a first electrical signal having a plurality of current levels are applied to the calibration electrode. This method, the second electrical signal having a plurality of current levels are applied to the proximal electrode. This method, based on the response of the nerve to the first and second into an electric signal, proximal degree for nerve proximal electrode is determined. This method, neural state is determined by applying a first electrical signal having a plurality of current levels to calibrate the electrode.


Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a chemically stable, conjugated polymer that is of considerable interest for a variety of applications including coatings for interfacing electronic biomedical devices with living tissue. Here, we describe recent work from our laboratory and elsewhere to investigate the morphology of PEDOT in the solid state. We discuss the importance of oxidative chemical and electrochemical polymerization, as well as the critical role of the counterion used during synthesis and film deposition. We have obtained information about the morphology of PEDOT from a number of different complimentary techniques including X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission high-resolution electron microscopy, and low-voltage electron microscopy. We also discuss results from ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). PEDOT is a relatively rigid polymer that packs in the solid state at a characteristic face-to-face distance (010) of ∼0.34 nm, similar to graphite. These sheets of oriented PEDOT molecules are separated from one another by ∼1.4 nm laterally, with the (100) distance between layers quite sensitive to the choice of counterion used during sample preparation. The order in the films is typically modest, although this also depends on the counterion used and the method of film deposition. The films can be organized into useful structures with a variety of nanoscale dissolvable templates (including fibers, particles, and lyotropic mesophases). When PEDOT is electrochemically deposited in the presence of bromine counterions, highly ordered crystalline phases are observed. It is also possible to deposit PEDOT around living cells, both in vitro and in vivo.


A novel zeroth‐order resonator (ZOR) meta‐material (MTM) antenna with dual‐band is suggested using compound right/left handed transmission line as MTM. In this article, suggested antenna consists of patch through series gap, two meander line inductors, and two circular stubs. The MTM antenna is compact in size which shows dual‐band properties with first band centered at 2.47 GHz (2.05‐2.89 GHz) and second band is centered at 5.9 GHz (3.70‐8.10 GHz) with impedance bandwidth of (S11 <  − 10 dB) 34.69% and 72.45%, respectively. At ZOR mode (2.35 GHz), the suggested antenna has overall dimension of 0.197λo × 0.07λo × 0.011λo with gain of 1.65 dB for ZOR band and 3.35 dB for first positive order resonator band which covers the applications like Bluetooth (2.4 GHZ), TV/Radio/Data (3.700‐6.425 GHz), WLAN (5‐5.16 GHz), C band frequencies (5.15‐5.35, 5.47‐5.725, or 5.725‐5.875 GHz) and satellite communication (7.25‐7.9 GHz). The radiation patterns of suggested structure are steady during the operating band for which sample antenna has been fabricated and confirmed experimentally. It exhibits novel omnidirectional radiation characteristics in phi = 0° plane with lower cross‐polarization values.


Background: Simulation is one of the most important tools in nursing education for enhancing nurses' knowledge, performance, and self-efficacy in reducing postpartum hemorrhage morbidity and mortality Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of video simulation on increasing maternity nurses' knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy in managing primary postpartum hemorrhage. Subjects and method: Design: A quasi-experimental research design had utilized. Settings: This study was conducted at the postpartum unit of university hospital and Shebin El-Kom teaching hospital, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Subjects: A convenience sampling of 50 maternity nurses who worked in the previous settings and a purposive sample of 100 women with primary postpartum hemorrhage were included. Tools : A structured interviewing questionnaire related to the maternity nurses, a structured interviewing questionnaire related to the postpartum women, an observational checklist for maternity nurses, an observational checklist for postpartum women and self-efficacy scale. Results: The study revealed that there were statistically significant differences between pretest, posttest and follow up after implementation of the video simulation manifested by higher knowledge; practice and self-efficacy score for maternity nurses. Conclusion: Using video simulation for primary postpartum hemorrhage management increased the maternity nurses' knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy scores. Recommendations : Video simulation programs should be included in curriculum to help professional nurses acquire the essential knowledge, performance skills, and clinical judgment for early detection, and an effective nursing response for managing primary postpartum hemorrhage.


Abstract A division sudoku is a latin square whose all six conjugates are sudoku squares. We enumerate division sudokus up to a suitable equivalence, introduce powerful invariants of division sudokus, and also study latin squares that are division sudokus with respect to multiple partitions at the same time. We use nearfields and affine geometry to construct division sudokus of prime power rank that are rich in sudoku partitions.


The impact of various material technology advancements on the economics of civil transport aircraft is investigated. Benefits of advances in both airframe and engine materials are considered. Benefits are measured primarily by improvements in return on investment for an operator. Materials research and development programs which lead to the greatest benefits are assessed with regards to cost, risk, and commonality with other programs. Emphasis of the paper is on advanced technology subsonic/transonic transports (ATT type aircraft) since these are likely to be the next generation of commercial transports.


This chapter builds upon the reviews in the previous chapter on aspects of probability theory and statistics including random variables and Gaussian mixture models, and extends the reviews to the Markov chain and the hidden Markov sequence or model (HMM). Central to the HMM is the concept of state, which is itself a random variable typically taking discrete values. Extending from a Markov chain to an HMM involves adding uncertainty or a statistical distribution on each of the states in the Markov chain. Hence, an HMM is a doubly-stochastic process, or probabilistic function of a Markov chain. When the state of the Markov sequence or HMM is conned to be discrete and the distributions associated with the HMM states do not overlap, we reduce it to a Markov chain. This chapter covers several key aspects of the HMM, including its parametric characterization, its simulation by random number generators, its likelihood evaluation, its parameter estimation via the EM algorithm, and its state decoding via the Viterbi algorithm or a dynamic programming procedure. We then provide discussions on the use of the HMM as a generative model for speech feature sequences and its use as the basis for speech recognition. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the HMM, leading to its various extended versions, where each state is made associated with a dynamic system or a hidden time-varying trajec-tory instead of with a temporally independent stationary distribution such as a Gaussian mixture. These variants of the HMM with state-conditioned dynamic systems expressed in the state-space formulation are introduced as a generative counterpart of the recurrent neural networks to be described in detail in Chapter ??. 1.1 Introduction In the previous chapter, we reviewed aspects of probability theory and basic statistics, where we introduced the concept of random variables and the asso


This paper explores the nature of entrepreneurship in the United States and provides a basic definition and examples. It explores how HRM is practiced by very small business entrepreneurs. The central question underlying this research is what HRM practices help initiate and sustain entrepreneurship. Three questions are examined including the extent to which 17 HRM practices are outsourced or performed internally. How these entrepreneurs obtain their knowledge of HRM is also explored. Finally, the percentage of time entrepreneurs invest in HRM activities is addressed. It was found that very small business entrepreneurs perform most HRM activities in-house. They are self-taught in HRM-related matters and spend approximately 15% of their time engaged in human resource activities. Implications for how HRM can contribute to the success of entrepreneurial firms are discussed.


The native chaparral shrublands of Southern California support exceptional biodiversity and provide critical ecological services, but increased fire frequency threatens to extirpate much of the chaparral due to long regeneration times needed between fires for many species. When short fire intervals inhibit shrub recovery, this favors invasion of exotic herbaceous species, and vegetation type conversion from woody shrubs to grassland is therefore a serious ecological concern in this biodiversity hotspot. Despite a history of field studies documenting the detrimental effect of short‐interval fire, the extent of vegetation type conversion and the conditions under which it occurs have not been documented at a landscape scale. Our objective was thus to provide an unbiased assessment of how and how much vegetation type conversion is occurring in Southern California chaparral. We used a chronosequence of aerial photographs to quantify percentage woody and herbaceous cover change from 1953 to 2016 across randomly sampled plots in San Diego County, then related conversion and decline to a range of explanatory variables including fire, proximity to human disturbance, and biophysical landscape characteristics. Within the 63‐yr study period, there was substantial net woody cover loss, and in the plots that were initially more than 75% woody cover in 1953, 59% experienced a decline, with a mean woody cover loss of 22.5%. Of these, 28% heavily type‐converted to the point that herbaceous vegetation covered more than 50% of the plot. The top drivers for woody conversion and decline included a fire interval shorter than 15 yr and total number of fires, actual evapotranspiration, and elevation. Although human land use variables were not strong independent contributors to either chaparral conversion or decline, 26% of the initial vegetated plots were directly converted to development or other human disturbance types. The combination of direct habitat loss and unintentional vegetation type conversion represents a substantial ecological impact in Southern California that can have far‐reaching impacts via loss of ecological services and by increasing the flammability of the landscape in general. Efforts to reduce fire frequency will be key to preventing further losses.


Parallels among embryonic development, stem cells, and cancer have long been recognized. We identified, isolated, and characterized stem cells that first become committed to a mammary fate during embryogenesis; we refer to these cells as fetal mammary stem cells (fMaSCs). Lineage tracing, in vitro sphere formation, and in vivo transplantation studies by our group and many others all confirm that cells in the embryo are the bipotent progenitors of the mammary gland. There is debate, however, on whether such bipotent cells persist into the adult, or whether the luminal and basal lineages are maintained by unipotent progenitors. To gain insight into the relationships between fMaSCs and breast cancer, and to investigate their potential persistence in the adult, we have applied bulk and single cell RNA-sequencing (sc-RNA-seq) and single nucleus ATAC-sequencing (snATAC-seq) throughout mammary development. The results to be discussed demonstrate that fMaSC transcriptomes are heterogeneous, but all share co-expression of genes associated with luminal and basal cell fates. This fits a model in which the bipotent state is created by a balance of lineage specifiers. We also find that the fMaSC transcriptome is highly enriched in basal-like human breast cancers and identify potential embryonic pathways that correlate with poor prognosis. We used a variety of computational tools to infer the gene expression programs that ensue when fMaSCs commit to luminal and basal states. The data from scRNA-seq and snATAC-seq demonstrate that the transitions are gradual, not precipitous, and that luminal and basal cells exhibit significant transcriptomic and epigenetic heterogeneity. This challenges the notion that the mammary gland consists of discrete cell types defined by rigid transcriptomic parameters, and reveals a potential for intrinsic phenotypic plasticity of normal mammary cells. Using the combined databases, we identified Sox10 as a significantly differentially expressed cell state regulator. We show that tumors are heterogeneous with regard to Sox10 expression, and that locally invasive cells tend to express high Sox10 levels. Elevated Sox10 correlates with acquisition of a neural-crest like, EMT-related state. Implications for interception of metastasis by targeting neural crest-like cells will be discussed. Finally, we have generated a web resource that is available to the scientific community to enable the transcription and epigenetic characteristics of any gene of interest to be tracked through mammary development (https://wahl-labsalk.shinyapps.io/Mammary_snATAC/). Citation Format: GM Wahl, Z Ma, C Chung, C Dravis, BT Spike, RR Giraddi, O Balcioglu, C Fan, B Hagos, R Heinz, Herrera-Valdez J, X Hou, J Hwang, R Lasken, G Luna, NE Lytle, EM Mehrabad, M Novotny, CM Perou, O Poirion, S Preissl, B Ren, T Reya, CL Trejo, KT Varley. Understanding breast cancer using a developmental perspective [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES10-2.


This study is a continuation of an investigation into the contraceptive properties of the IUD. Mucus adhering to the removed IUDs inserted into the uterus for between 48 house and 12 months were examined. Some primitive mononuclear cells appeared in the early period; inactivated at the beginning; then avidly phagocyting macrophages; neutrofilic granulocytes; mastoid cells; erythrocytes; cellular debris; and degenerated sperm. Later a conversion of macrophagocytic mucus into a fibrous reticulum took place accompanied by an intensive participation of phagocyting macrophages and lymphoid and even plasmatic cells. True inflammatory reactions of the early phase later ensured into specific immunologic responses. Huge phagocyting properties of this intrauterine medium later became extremely unfavorable (after IUD insertions) for viability of sperm and eventually for the fertilized ovum. (Authors modified) (Summary in ENG)


This study aimed at determining (1) the calculation of Joint Cost allocation for joint products of UD. Kharisma and (2) the calculation of joint cost allocation for Joint Products in determining profit / gross loss of UD. Kharisma. Data were collected through documentation method, which was then analyzed by quantitative descriptive analysis. The subject of this study was UD. Kharisma. Meanwhile, the object of this study was the allocation of Join Cost and profits of UD. Kharisma. Total products produced by UD. Kharisma in 2013 were 2.822.000 pieces of products. They were 714 000 pieces of Pia, 1.190.000 pieces of Lanter, and 918 000 pieces of Roti Potong. The results showed that (1) the allocation of Joint Cost of UD. Kharisma was done by using market value method by the cost of Rp 1.076.256.600,00. The allocation of Joint Cost on Pia were Rp Rp 328.372.188,00, on Lanter were 422.192.813,00, and on Roti Potong were Rp 325.691.599,00. (2) Gross profit was generated by the result of a reduction of selling product minus the cost of production. On 2013, gross profit, which was generated by UD. Kharisma was Rp 285,380,813.00. The gross profit of the product of Pia was Rp 110.847.437,00, on Lanter was 87.841.952,00 and, on Roti Potong was Rp 86.691.424,00.


The study of amorphous Dielectric Nano-Particles (DNPs) smaller than 10 nm is a great challenge for the materials community. In conjunction with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Electron-Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA), we took advantage of a recent technology, Tri-Dimensional (3D) Atom Probe Tomography (APT) to investigate the variations of the chemical composition in sub-10-nm oxide nanoparticles, grown in silicate glass through heat treatments, at their early stages of nucleation. We provide here a comprehensive set of experimental data obtained from direct measurements of the concentration for P, Mg, Ge and Er within amorphous dielectric nanoparticles (DNP) of radii ranging from 1nm to 10nm. Most importantly, we report on the first observation of a plateau at the early stage of nucleation followed by an increase of the concentration of Mg and P
with the size of the DNPs. We also demonstrate that the environment of erbium ions embedded in DNP changes with the size of the particles. These results have a profound impact on our understanding of amorphous phase separation mechanisms as well as spectroscopic properties of the luminescent ions and the design of (DNPs)-doped materials.


The effects of a radial electric field (EF) on the losses of alpha particles and neutral beam injection (NBI) fast ions in typical ITER operation scenarios for both error fields due to test blanket modules (TBMs) and toroidal field (TF) ripple were evaluated using an iterative method to execute an orbit-following Monte-Carlo code and a one-dimensional transport code. The EF effect on the loss of fast ions strongly depends on the operation scenario as well as on the error field. The electric field is very significant in the loss of fast ions in a 9 MA ITER operation scenario with a higher safety factor and in the error field associated with TBMs. The EF effect in the error field of TF ripple is very small in any operation scenario. The electric field is much more significant for the loss of NBI fast ions than for that of alpha particles. The radial electric field changes the toroidal precession of fast ions and consequently alters their condition of resonance with the error field, which may account for the EF effect on the loss of fast ions in ITER with TBMs.


Summary: This presentation will discuss the development and psychometric testing of a newly developed instrument designed to measure nursing students' attitudes toward nursing education research. Implications for future nursing education research will be presented. References: • Bjorkstrom ME, Johansson IS, Hamrin EKF., Athlin EE. Swedish nursing students' attitudes to and awareness of research and development within nursing. J Adv Nurs. 2003;41(4):393-402. • Brooke J, Hvalic-Touzery S, Skela-Savic, B. Student nurse perceptions on evidencebased practice and research: An exploratory research study involving students from the University of Greeenwich, England and the Faculty of Health care Jesenice, Slovania. Nurs Educ Today. 2015;35:e6-e11. • Halabi, JO. Attitudes of Saudi nursing students toward nursing research. Saudi J Health Sci. 2016;5(3):118-124. • Toraman AU, Hamaratcilar G, Tulu B, Erkin O. Nursing students' attitudes toward research and development within nursing: Does writing a bachelor thesis make a difference? Int J Nurs Pract. 2017;23:e12517. • Keib CN, Cailor SM, Kiersma ME, Chen AMH. Changes in nursing students' perceptions of research and evidence-based practice after completing a research course. Nurs Educ Today. 2017;54:37-43. • Unver S, Semerci R, Ozkan ZK, Avcibasi I. Attitude of nursing students toward scientific research: A cross-sectional study in Turkey. J Nur Res. 2017. First Primary Presenting Author Primary Presenting Author Sherry A. Burrell, PhD, RN, ACNS-BC, CNE Villanova University M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing Assistant Professor Villanova, Pennsylvania USA Author Summary: Dr. Burrell is an Assistant Professor in the M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing at Villanova University. She is a Certified Nurse Educator with 14 years of experience as an academic nurse educator. She also has more than 20 years of experience as a surgical oncology nurse and 9 years of experience as clinical oncology nurse researcher. Dr. Burrell has presented and co-authored manuscripts on nursing education research and various cancer-related topics. Second Author Jennifer Gunberg Ross, PhD, RN, CNE Villanova University M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing Assistant Professor Villanova, Pennsylvania USA Author Summary: Dr. Jennifer Ross is an Assistant Professor of Nursing at Villanova University. Her research focuses on the effect of innovative, evidence-based teaching strategies on student outcomes. She has published and presented nationally on various evidence-based teaching strategies including simulation.


Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) is a very high frequency (VHF) Doppler radar operated with an active phased-array antenna system at 47 MHz. It had originally been equipped with a single receiving channel system since its establishment in 2001 at the equator in Kototabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia (0.20S, 100.32E). We have developed a multichannel receiver system for the EAR using a combination of the Universal Software Radio Peripheral X300 (USRP X300) and GNU Radio software. There are a number of advantages to have multichannel receiver systems such as to enable spaced-antenna method and spatial domain interferometry. on the EAR has been carried out through multiple experiments over the duration between April 2019 and September 2019. Phase correction is applied to all channels for a single spectrum in the real time signal processing for improving the phase synchronization. The initial results show the existence of noticeable fluctuations in the estimated horizontal wind. Then, a comparison of the EAR spaced-antenna (SA) performance with five different orientations taking into consideration the size of receiving antenna and its separation distance has been presented, where the horizontal wind profiles using Full Correlation Analysis (FCA) were estimated and compared with the standard EAR data. Based on the results, the configuration with the largest aperture shows slight advantages over the other four configurations but with limited improvement.


The invention discloses a liquid crystal panel packaging box device. The liquid crystal panel packaging box device comprises a square box body, wherein a liquid crystal panel is accommodated in the square box body; an inner side surface of the square box body is an inclined surface which is inclined to a direction so that an opening of the upper end of the square box body is larger than an opening of the lower end of the square box body; a detachable piece is arranged on an inner side surface of the square box body and is opposite to the inclined inner side surface; after being mounted, the detachable piece is projected towards the direction of the inclined inner side surface, so that a liquid crystal panel to be conveyed is fixed; and after the detachable piece is detached, the opening of the upper end of the square box body is increased, and the liquid crystal panel can be taken out conveniently. By the liquid crystal panel packaging box device, the liquid crystal panel can be well fixed when conveyed, and is easily taken out when required to be taken out.