Agriculture is a fundamental pillar of Morocco's economy, contributing an average of 12,5% of GDP over the period 2000-2020 and helping to fight the rural exodus. Cereal crops play a major role in national agriculture, in which the main cereals, particularly wheat, occupying an important place in the dietary habits of rural and urban populations, although barley has a predominant place in animal feed. Moreover, food security in Morocco is based on cereal crops. This study aims to evaluate the evolution of the area under crop, the yield, and grain production in Morocco between 1930 and 2020, and the imports of main grains, based on the statistical approach in order to deduce the food security in the cereal sector. The results obtained show that the area cultivated to the main cereals has almost doubled between the decade 1930-1940 and the decade 2010-2020. Soft wheat is the type of cereal that has increased significantly compared to durum wheat and barley. As for cereal production, it is subject to strong fluctuations due to the drought, with a coefficient of variation of 46%. The favorable agro-ecological zone produces 44% of the main cereals in Morocco. Moreover, grain imports multiplied by 917%, particularly bread, a basic element of the diet, where each Moroccan consumes an average of 255 kg per year of wheat, almost fourfold the world average. In addition, Morocco moved from self-sufficiency to dependence on food grain imports after independence, where the import dependency ratio (IDR) reached 39,8% compared to 60,2% for food self-sufficiency (SRR). This indicates the failure of the agricultural policy in the cereal sector. Also, in this study, the requirement of food-grain (R) has been calculated in the time horizon to 2030 and 2050, especially for wheat.


The effects of nonmagnetic strong scatterers (unitary limit) on magnetic and transport properties are studied for resonating-valence-bond states in both the slave-boson and slave-fermion mean-field theories with the gap for the triplet excitations. In the {ital d}-wave pairing state of the slave-boson mean-field theory in two dimensions, there is no true gap for spinons, but the Anderson localization occurs, which leads to the local moment when the repulsive interaction is taken into account. In the slave-fermion mean-field theory, local moments are found bound to nonmagnetic impurities as a result of (staggered) gauge interaction. However, in both theories, localization of spinon does not appear in the resistivity, which shows the classical value for the holon.


In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) is growing rapidly and gaining ground in a variety of fields. Such fields are environmental disasters, such as forest fires, that are becoming more common as a result of the environmental crisis and there is a need to properly manage them. Therefore, utilizing IoT for event detection and monitoring is an effective solution. A technique for monitoring such events over a large area is proposed in this research. In this work, the developed system makes use of technology based on Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol, which is capable to connect low power devices distributed on large geographical areas. A learning-automata-based hybrid MAC model is suggested to reduce the transmission delay, when a small part of the network produces event packets stemming from an event occurrence. The proposed hybrid MAC is evaluated via simulation results, which indicate that it achieves significantly higher performance in terms of packet delay, when compared to traditional LoRaWAN schemes.


Ultrafast laser pulses have enabled experiments probing the temporal dynamics of an electron tunnelling out of an atom. A quintessential example of such is known as the 'attoclock'. While the investigation is ongoing, the window for non-zero 'tunnelling times' in this context appears to have largely closed.


3 John M. Van Brunt, President and Chief Executive Officer of Agrium Inc., was elected Chairman of the PPI Board of Directors at a recent meeting. He will also serve as Chairman of the Foundation for Agronomic Research (FAR) Board of Directors. John H. Sultenfuss, Senior Vice President, Marketing and Sales, CF Industries, Inc., was elected Vice Chairman of the PPI and FAR Boards. "We value the experience and achievements of these industry leaders as they accept these responsibilities with PPI and FAR in the coming year," said Dr. David W. Dibb, President of PPI. Mr. Van Brunt attended Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, and received his BSC in Chemical Engineering in 1965. He began work with Cominco Ltd. and served in a series of positions in production, operations, and industrial relations. In 1985, he was named Vice President, Operations, and in 1991 became Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Cominco Fertilizers, Calgary, Alberta. Mr. Van Brunt was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer in January 1993, and has guided Agrium Inc. through the public offering in April 1993 and a number of strategic growth initiatives. He is a director of the company. Mr. Van Brunt has served as a director of several industry organizations, including Canpotex Ltd., and is currently Vice Chairman of the Canadian Fertilizer Institute and Vice Chairman, Canada, for the International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA). Mr. Sultenfuss has held a number of management and executive positions during his twenty-five year career with CF Industries, an interregional cooperative headquartered in Long Grove, Illinois. In 1972, he joined the company at its phosphate complex in Plant City, Florida. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, his positions included General Manager of the phosphate complex in Bartow, Florida; Vice President, Nitrogen Operations; and Vice President, Supply & Distribution. He was named Vice President, Marketing and Sales, in 1988, and became Senior Vice President in 1995. Mr. Sultenfuss earned a bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Florida in 1969. He serves as Chairman of Canadian Fertilizers Limited, a nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing entity jointly owned by CF, Cooperative Federee de Quebec, Growmark, and Western Canadian Fertilizers Limited. In other action of the PPI Board, William J. Doyle, Executive Vice President of PCS Inc. and President of PCS Sales was elected Chairman of the Finance Committee. John M. Van Brunt Elected Chairman, John H. Sultenfuss Vice Chairman of PPI and FAR Boards of Directors


The paper presents a remote lab for teaching the Archimedes' Principle. The Archimedes Lab is designed and implemented using sensors, electronic board, test tubes, high definition cameras, motors and objects. It is integrated into the WebLab-Deusto platform.


Bifurcation theory is coupled with harmonic-balance techniques into a powerful CAD tool for the design of stable nonlinear microwave circuits and subsystems. Automatically generated Hopf bifurcations loci provide detailed information on the role of selected circuit parameters in the generation of spurious tones, and are effectively used in support of ordinary optimization to produce spurious-free circuit topologies.<<ETX>>


This paper presents a qualitative study of FlexRay and Ethernet in in-vehicle communication networks. Although both protocols have experienced fast growth in the past years, they still have some important deficiencies that deserve attention. This qualitative study has not only outlined the important shortcomings of in-vehicle FlexRay and Ethernet, but also identified their unique competitive edges, respectively. Intensive analyses of both protocols are carried out from three key perspectives: system cost, data transmission capacity and fault detection capability. Some improving approaches have also been pointed out. It is revealed that at the current stage FlexRay is better than Ethernet in transmitting time critical signals deterministically, but has higher cost and complexity. Ethernet, though less deterministic than FlexRay, possesses much greater bandwidth and can transmit data at quite small latency and jitter. This qualitative study has indicated that both protocols need further improvement to meet the requirements of future in-vehicle networks, yet Ethernet may lead the development and expand faster.


Hazardous waste site inspection is a labor intensive, time consuming job, performed primarily on the ground using visual inspection and instrumentation. It is an expensive process to continually monitor hazardous waste and/or landfill sites to determine if they are maintaining their integrity. In certain instances, it may be possible to monitor aspects of the hazardous waste sites and landfills remotely. The utilization of multispectral data was suggested for the mapping of clays and iron oxides associated with contaminated groundwater, vegetation stress, and methane gas emissions (which require longer wavelength detectors). The Savannah River Site (SRS) near Aiken, S.C. is a United States Department of Energy facility operated by the Westinghouse Savannah River Company. For decades the SRS was responsible for developing weapons grade plutonium and other materials for the nation's nuclear defense. Hazardous waste was generated during this process. Waste storage site inspection is a particularly important issue at the SRS because there are over 100 hazardous waste sites scattered throughout the 300 mile complex making it difficult to continually monitor all of the facilities. The goal is to use remote sensing technology to identify surface anomalies on the hazardous waste sites as early as possible so that remedial work can take place rapidly to maintain the integrity of the storage sites. The anomalous areas are then targeted for intensive in situ human examination and measurement. During the 1990s, many of the hazardous waste sites were capped with protective layers of polyethelene sheeting and soil, and planted with bahia grass and/or centipede grass. This research investigated hyperspectral remote sensing technology to determine if it can be used to measure accurately and monitor possible indicators of change on vegetated hazardous waste sites. Specifically, it evaluated the usefulness of hyperspectral remote sensing to assess the condition of vegetation on clay- caps on the Mixed Waste Management Facility (MWMF). This report first describes the principles of hyperspectral remote sensing. In situ measurement and hyperspectral remote sensing methods used to analyze hazardous waste sites on the Savannah River Site are then presented.


1. Abstract Coronary cameral fistula is a sizeable communication between a coronary artery, bypassing the myocardial capillary bed and entering a chamber of heart. It constitutes 0.2%-0.4% of congenital cardiac anomaly.Sixty percent of these fistula arise from the right coronary artery and terminate mostly (90%) in the right side of the heart. The most frequent sites of termination in the descending order are, the right ventricle, right atrium, coronary sinus, and the pulmonary vasculature.


North Yorkshire County Council will defer a public consultation on solutions for the congestion problems in Harrogate. This had previously been planned ...


In this paper we present a new kind of testing, namely friendly testing, which has been developed to obtain a satisfactory conformance relation sharing the good properties of the more popular conformance relations, that is mustt testing and conf , while avoiding their respective problems. In particular, our friendly tests cannot punish a process when it is able to execute some action, while classical testing did it. This was a clear drawback of must testing when considered as a conformance relation. Finally, We prove that the preorder induced by friendly testing is just the transitive closure of conf. As a consequence we obtain an interesting characterization of this closure, from which we derive several its properties.


Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have remarkable physicochemical properties that may have several medical applications. The authors have discovered a novel property of SWNTs—heat release in a radiofrequency (RF) field—that they hypothesized may be used to produce thermal cytotoxicity in malignant cells.


This paper proposed a fast independent component analysis (FastICA) algorithm based on blind source separation theory.Taking negative_entropy as the independency criterion,it has great convergence after we introduced a forgetting factor during the course of iterative calculation. The results of simulation indicated that it can separate mixed signals effectively and fast.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective longitudinal cohort study was to determine the epidemiology of contact lens‐related visits to the emergency department at a national level and identify high-risk groups. Methods: National emergency department (ED) sample, a representative sample of all US EDs, was used to determine the incidence and characteristics of keratitis in contact lens users presenting to the ED from 2006 to 2017. ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes for corneal disorder due to contact lens use (371.82 and H1882) were used to identify the patients. Results: A total of 149,716 ED visits were recorded with a diagnosis of corneal disorder due to contact lens use. Incidence of ED visits with contact lens–related corneal disorder declined steadily from 2010 to 2016. In total, 67% of the patients were female, 68.9% were adults aged 19 to 44 years, and 56.3% had a private insurance provider. The most common diagnosis at the time of discharge was "eye discharge" or "redness" (10.9%), followed by "corneal ulcer" (3.6%). Patients of highest income quartiles were more likely to present to the ED with contact lens–related corneal disorders (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.27) compared with low-income quartile. Among those who were discharged from the ED, the average charge per patient was $1051.4 (SD = 795.4). Conclusions: Women, young adults, and patients belonging to higher socioeconomic status were found to have higher prevalence of contact lens–related corneal ED visits. Identification of high-risk groups will help in the prevention of further corneal complications and the associated vision loss.


This article presents the results of a study that sought to analyze the relationship between minors and brands on social media. The frequency with which minors search for or share information or subscribe to brand web pages was measured, as well as their following of influencers, who commonly refer to consumer goods. The main purpose of this article is to contribute to learning about the commercial environment that surrounds children in their routines on social media, particularly because of their growing influence in home purchasing decisions. The results, obtained from a survey applied in 501 homes in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile to minors between 10 and 14 years old, show that the respondents effectively interact with brands through social media. Although it is not a widespread practice among 10- to 12-year-olds, it is increasingly becoming present among 13- to 14-year-olds. Children seem most interested in sportswear, fashion, and technology brands, areas in which children have significant influence in family purchasing decision. Following influencers through social media is also a common activity among minors. In particular, the age groups here studied preferred to follow celebrities, particularly from the worlds of music, football, or YouTube, over specific brands.


We demonstrate Reptor, a bytecode instrumentation tool enabling API virtualization on Android. It provides a general way to alter functionality of platform APIs on Android. With Reptor, third-party developers can modify the behavior of platform APIs according to their needs. All modifications are completely at the app layer without modifying the underlying platform. This allows practical openness---third-party developers can easily distribute their modifications for a platform without the need to update the entire platform.


Abstract Aminosulfonic acid is an environmentally friendly catalyst. Grinding a mixture of aromatic aldehydes, barbituric acid, and H2NSO3H at room temperature (without any solvent) gave 5‐arylidene barbituric acid in high yields, providing a simple and efficient route to synthesis of these compounds.


The syntax of an imperative language does not mention explicitly the state, while its denotational semantics has to mention it. In this paper we present a framework for the verification in Coq of properties of programs manipulating the global state effect. These properties are expressed in a proof system which is close to the syntax, as in effect systems, in the sense that the state does not appear explicitly in the type of expressions which manipulate it. Rather, the state appears via decorations added to terms and to equations. In this system, proofs of programs thus present two aspects: properties can be verified {\em up to effects} or the effects can be taken into account. The design of our Coq library consequently reflects these two aspects: our framework is centered around the construction of two inductive and dependent types, one for terms up to effects and one for the manipulation of decorations.


For the past four decades, Almond and Verba's pioneering work, ″The Civic Culture″, has remained one of the most popular books in political science, despite many criticisms. Indeed, the continuing popularity of ″The Civic Culture ″in the academic community is evidence of its groundbreaking quality and subtlety in treating culture as an independent variable. However, the number of criticisms and the lack of alternative paradigms paradoxically reflect the poverty of originality and progress in this field. The key question not only lies in the methodological problem of variable formation, but also originates from the expedient treatment of culture as a residual category. In this article, I examine two major debates in political culture studies and argue that culture should be treated as an implicit logic internalized in people' s mind as common knowledge. Finally, this article will demonstrate how to formulate political culture as a useful independent variable by using survey data from Pakistan and Morocco.


The following article intends to study the final pit of a hypothetical polymetallic deposit using the SimSched DBS software, based on a set of consecutive stages such as final pit with nested pits, phase design, operational sequence period by period, among others; this is done through the modification and analysis of geometric variables such as the slope angle, the vertical advance and the bottom of the pit. In addition, the close relationship between the variation of the Net Present Value (NPV) and the modification of the three geometric variables considered above is studied.


The invention provides a scanning type structured light projection system and a control method thereof. The system comprises a laser light source, a micro torsion mirror, a feedback module, and a control module. A laser ray enters along a direction parallel to a rotation axis of the micro torsion mirror; and after the incident laser ray is reflected by the rotated micro torsion mirror, two-dimensional structured light projection is formed. The feedback module connected with the micro torsion mirror is used for collecting a vibration frequency and position of the micro torsion mirror. The input terminal of the control module is connected with the output terminal of the feedback module and is used for receiving a signal from the feedback module; and the output terminal of the control module is connected with the laser light source and the micro torsion mirror and is used for controlling the motion of the micro torsion mirror and a luminous power of the laser light source. Therefore, under the circumstance that the micro torsion mirror has the same torsion angle, the laser light source outputs the same luminous power.


In this paper we consider of natural oscillations cylindrical bodies with external friction. Complex rates changes from friction parameters are shown. Rate equations are solved numerically—by method of Muller.


Idea transformer is an essential part of teaching electric circuit theory.Generally,the teaching of this part is mainly focused on the characteristic equation of ideal transformers and its applications while the analysis of magnetic circuit is ignored.Influenced by this teaching method,students often apply the characteristic equation incorrectly when analyzing multi-winding transformers.Taking three-winding transformer as an example,this paper has analyzed the influence of magnetic circuit on the characteristic equations and has derived four types of characteristic equations that correspond to four different magnetic circuits.This paper can serve as a significant guide in the teaching of ideal transformers.


Author(s): LeMieux, Patrick; Boluk, Stephanie | Abstract: This paper examines the way in which time and space are figured within a new genre of what we are calling "eccentric games" and a site-specific video sharing application called Trover by Dan Provost. Taking Valve's Portal as our case study, a chiasmatic relationship emerges between these different modes of eccentric media. In order to access eccentric space the video games we examine appropriate the logic of film whereas Provost's video application Trover is informed by an eccentric logic of games.


BACKGROUND
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of alcohol use, episodic heavy drinking, and alcohol dependence and their socio-demographic correlates in Beijing, China. methods: A total of 5,926 subjects were randomly selected in Beijing and interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 1.0). Data on basic socio-demographic and current major medical conditions were also collected.

RESULTS
The 12-month prevalence of alcohol use and episodic heavy drinking were 32.5 and 13.8%, respectively. The 12-month and lifetime prevalence of alcohol dependence were 1.7 and 4.3%, respectively. Age above 24 years, male sex, being married and employed, low education level (junior high school, primary school or illiterate), rural residence, and having comorbid psychiatric disorders were all significantly associated with a higher likelihood of alcohol-related disorders. Only 2.4% of the subjects with alcohol dependence were receiving treatment, and a mere 1.4% had sought treatment from mental health professionals.

CONCLUSIONS
Nationwide surveys are urgently needed to further explore the prevalence of alcohol-related disorders in China.


trile ([@mTcJHEXAMIBI)is a promising new @mTc@ labeled radiophannaceutical for myocardial perfusion imaging (1-3). Initial experimental studies have shown that [99mTcIHEXAMIBI is accumulated in the myocar dium proportional to the distribution of regional myo cardialblood flow, in a manner similar to thallium-201 (201Tl)(4,5). However, unlike @°†̃Tl, no significant re distributionofthe radiopharmaceuticalwithin the myo cardium occurs: the initial uptake pattern remains rel atively fixed over an extended period oftime (6—8).


Accurate estimation of the road adhesion coefficient can help drivers and vehicles perceive changes in road state effectively, reducing the occurrence of traffic crashes accordingly. Therefore, this paper proposes a road adhesion coefficient estimation method based on vehicle-road coordination and deep learning. Firstly, a vehicle-based data feedback system combined with a vehicle-road network cloud is introduced, and CarSim simulation is used to expand the data set and train the model effectively. Then, the dynamic analysis of the whole vehicle is carried out, and the vehicle operation data related to the adhesion coefficient are obtained as the input of the estimation model. Then a combined model of road adhesion coefficient estimation based on self-attention (SA), convolutional neural network (CNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM) is established, to reduce the instability of the prediction, Q-learning is used to optimize the weight of the model. Finally, the model is verified by the simulation data and the actual vehicle-based data. The results show that the vehicle-based data feedback system combined with the vehicle-road network Ccloud is effective, and compared with other commonly used model, the estimation model proposed in this paper can effectively predict the road adhesion coefficient.


610Background: Oxaliplatin is an essential drug in gastrointestinal oncology. Hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) occur frequently (incidence varying from 10% to 25%), leading to permanent treatment d...


All observations in the gravitational domain can be explained by means of Einstein's General Relativity. While for small scale gravitational effects (e.g. in the solar system) the standard Einstein field equations are sufficient, a consistent description of large scale obervations like the accelerated expansion of the universe can be achieved by the introduction of a cosmological term into the Einstein field equation


This study sort to determine how the use of computers and its related technologies stresses the administrative staffs of the Jomoro district assembly. It is also to explore how these computer related stress is managed by the managers of Jomoro district assembly.A total of 85 administrative staffs were randomly sampled for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used for collecting data. Frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations were used to analyse the data collected. It was established from the study that the administrative staffs work with the computer over 6 hours a day as result suffer from headaches and backache. An excessive heat and or poor/inadequate lighting in the district assembly's building affects the administrative workers. This in turn affects their eyesight's when they continue to use the computers. Though managers of the district assembly have been informed of the computer related stress affecting their work, management have not made any effort to solve these computer related stressors. Considering the findings and conclusions drawn from this study, it was recommended that there should be more health breaks for the administrative workers who use the computer over 6 hours a day and more ventilation and lighting systems must be provided in the district assembly building to help save the eye sight and the general well-being of the administrative workers who constantly use the computer. Finally management must act on all the computer related stress that are reported by the workers and they must be involved in its solutions.


【wrap up】 A When simulating communication using a communication network such as the VoIP network, to simulate accurately the actual communication conditions, which simulate the communication. A converts the delay time distribution of the packets, based on the distribution and a predetermined transmission time of the converted delay time, it calculates the transmission time of a packet in consideration of the delay time, in consideration of the calculated delay time sent time allows to determine whether a change in transmission order packet, if the transmission order of the packet is determined to change, derives the transmission timing of a packet transmission order is adjusted so as not to change.


Abstract In this study, numerical analysis was performed on three shapes of heat transfer plates (chevron, wave and dimple type), which are currently used as fillers of cooling towers. Results show that heat transfer rates per consumed power were larger for enhanced plates as compared with that of plain plate. Highest heat transfer coefficient was obtained for wave shape followed by chevron and dimple shape. For wave shape, cross corrugations induced significant mixing of fluids, which enhanced the heat transfer. Friction factor yielded a similar trend with the heat transfer coefficient. However, heat transfer rate and pressure drop per sheet was the largest for chevron shape, due to the largest heat transfer area per sheet. Key Words : Heat Transfer Plate, Cooling Tower, Air Heater, Numerical Analysis 본 연구는 2011년도 중소기업 산학연공동기술개발 사업(과제명 : 냉각탑 백연 저감용 판형 플라스틱 공기가열기 개발)의 일환으로 수행되었습니다. 이에 감사드립니다. * Corresponding Author : Nae-Hyun Kim (Incheon University)Tel: +82-32-835-8420 email: firstname.lastname@example.com September 19, 2012 Revised (1st October 26, 2012, 2nd November 14, 2012) Accepted December 6, 2012


INTRODUCTION With the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) becoming a standard for representing business data (Beyer et al., 2005), a new trend toward XML data warehousing has been emerging for a couple of years, as well as efforts for extending the XQuery language with near On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) capabilities (grouping, aggregation, etc.). Though this is not an easy task, these new approaches, techniques and architectures aim at taking specificities of XML into account (e.g., heterogeneous number and order of dimensions or complex measures in facts, ragged dimension hierarchies, etc.) that would be intricate to handle in a relational environment. The aim of this article is to present an overview of the major XML warehousing approaches from the literature, as well as the existing approaches for performing OLAP analyses over XML data (which is termed XML-OLAP or XOLAP; Wang et al., 2005). We also discuss the issues and future trends in this area and illustrate this topic by presenting the design of a unified, XML data warehouse architecture and a set of XOLAP operators expressed in an XML algebra.


ASTRI is a flagship project of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, which aims to develop an endto- end prototype of one of the three types of telescopes to be part of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), an observatory which will be the main representative of the next generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. The ASTRI project, led by the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF), has proposed an original design for the Small Size Telescope, which is aimed to explore the uppermost end of the Very High Energy domain up to about few hundreds of TeV with unprecedented sensitivity, angular resolution and imaging quality. It is characterized by challenging and innovative technological solutions which will be adopted for the first time in a Cherenkov telescope: a dual-mirror Schwarzschild-Couder configuration, a modular, light and compact camera based on silicon photomultipliers, and a front-end electronic based on a specifically designed ASIC. The end-to-end project is also including all the data-analysis software and the data archive. In this paper we describe the process followed to derive the ASTRI specifications from the CTA general requirements, a process which had to take into proper account the impact on the telescope design of the different types of the CTA requirements (performance, environment, reliability-availability-maintenance, etc.). We also describe the strategy adopted to perform the specification verification, which will be based on different methods (inspection, analysis, certification, and test) in order to demonstrate the telescope compliance with the CTA requirements. Finally we describe the integration planning of the prototype assemblies (structure, mirrors, camera, control software, auxiliary items) and the test planning of the end-to-end telescope. The approach followed by the ASTRI project is to have all the information needed to report the verification process along all project stages in a single layer. From this unique layer it is possible to, in a semi-automatic way, generate updated project documentation and progress report.


This chapter examines how "law and economics" is affected by the broadening of the scope of economics. The "command function" of law was partly dismantled and enriched by the new work on the "expressive function," which recognized that the law works not just by command, reward, and punishment but also by triggering social norms and affecting some of our preferences. The chapter then introduces a third novelty, what can be referred to as the "schematizing function" of the law. Lodged in their brains, human beings have cultural categories and concepts that influence what they focus on and what they ignore. At one level, all this happens instinctively and so may seem like innate qualities, but they are influenced and shaped by many social factors by the laws of the nation and also the deliberations surrounding the adoption of laws. The chapter shows how entrenched cultural categories can be used to both reinforce and to block a law.


The present invention relates to a hydraulic composition for extrusion molding, comprising water-soluble hydroxyalkylakylcellulose, cement, aggregate, reinforcement fibers and water. Provided is the hydraulic composition for extrusion molding, characterized that the water-soluble hydroxyalkylakylcellulose has 1.2-1.7 in degree of substitution of an alkyl group and that a total of degree of substitution of an alkyl group and substituted mole numbers of a hydroxyalkyl group are 1.5-2.0 as well as that a ratio of a glucose ring which is not replaced by an alkyl group and a hydroxyalkyl group in a unit of the glucose ring is less than 10 mol%. According to the present invention, the hydraulic composition for extrusion molding can be obtained which can promote shortening of curing time and has excellent extrusion molding characteristics under a condition in which the temperature of the composition is high.


This study is aimed to increase the cellulose production of Gluconacetobacter xylinus. G. xylinus strains BCRC12334, BCRC12335, BCRC 14101, BCRC 14148 and BCRC14182 were screened for their capability of cellulose production and antibiotic sensitivity. As a result, G. xylinus BCRC12334 was chosen for gene manipulation. Plasmid containing vhb under the control of the tac promoter was constructed and transformed into G. xylinus BCRC 12334. The recombinant strain was able to produce the encoding protein with the expected molecular weight of 16.0 kDa as analyzed by Western blotting. Consequently, we have found that the cellulose production of recombinant G. xylinus VHb was about 21.7% higher than that of wild type.


A ROBOT SYSTEM, a robot control device, and a software updating method for the robot system. The robot system includes a transmission side robot controlling device (21) and a receiving side robot controlling device (21) which are respectively provided with an EPROM (27) which stores a software updating program and a robot motion control software; a RAM (24) which stores the software updating program read out from the first storage unit; and a storage medium (26B) which stores an updating software, so that an external terminal or a host computer for software updating is not required, a unified use of an old version in a plurality of robot control devices is possible, verification of the currently stored version is not necessary, and updating can be performed at a high speed.


THIS is the sixth study of the British Cooperative Clinical Group concerning the country of origin of patients with early syphilis. The first (Brit. J. vener. Dis., 1964, 40, 242) was concemed with primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis. In subsequent studies (Brit. J. vener. Dis., 1965, 41, 244; 1967, 43, 89; 1968, 44, 167 and 307), and in the current study, the investigation was confined to patients with primary and secondary syphilis. The present report concerns the country of origin of 1,310 patients (1,056 males and 254 females) treated for primary and secondary syphilis in 173 clinics of England and Wales and in Scotland in 1968.t The data for Scotland are considered separately. As in the previous studies, the data are contrasted with those relating to patients with gonorrhoea treated in the same clinics during the same year.


In the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C8H13N)]Cl·2H2O, Fe—C bond lengths lie in the range 2.020 (2)–2.047 (2) A. Intermolecular N—H⋯Cl, O—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations, chloride anions and water molecules into a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network, which stabilizes the crystal packing.


This article reports the results of an exploratory study on gender-based differences in the motives underlying entrepreneurial activities in Ghana, the barriers and opportunities that the operational environment presents, and the manner in which entrepreneurs leverage resources. The evidence suggests that female entrepreneurs tend to have more difficulties in accessing bank financing but they compensate by cultivating social relationships and using the social capital derived from them as a resource leveraging mechanism. Women also tend to depend more on their social relationships for moral and emotional support during the initial stages of their enterprise development. No other substantial gender-based differences have been noted.


Presentation of Case A 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of melena. He was well until three days earlier, when he began to experience a "queasy" sensation. On the following day he felt weak and observed that his stools were dark. Two days later he saw his physician, who admitted him to the hospital. There was a history of hypochromic anemia that required several transfusions at the age of 17 years and again at 30 years. Pyridoxine was prescribed, and anemia did not recur. One year before admission he was given allopurinol and colchicine because of gout. He . . .


We analyzed in details the wetting between liquids and solids based on Young's wetting equation and the additional static fluid pressure of fluid mechanics. By doing so,we proposed an improved experiment method for measuring surface tension coefficient with capillary.


In one aspect, optoelectronic devices are described herein. In some embodiments, an optoelectronic device described herein comprises a radiation transmissive first electrode, a second electrode, a light emitting organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a dielectric layer disposed between the light emitting organic layer and the first electrode and/or second electrode, and a phosphor layer disposed in an optical path of the light emitting organic layer, wherein the light emitting organic layer comprises a singlet emitter phase and a triplet emitter phase.


The present application is a neutral human milk oligosaccharides; discloses a method of purifying a (neutral human milk oligosaccharide neutral HMO). The method is similar to the moving bed to continuously purify the large quantities of high purity HMOs; was used (simulated moving bed SMB) chromatography. Method Synthesis of the neutral HMOs and their purification In contrast, the present method may, for example, can provide HMOs that do not contain harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals or organic solvent, a trace amount. Two days neutral HMO product can be obtained in a solid form or a concentrated syrup by spray drying. Provided HMO is very suitable for use in the food sector.


Christian J Kähler, Stefano Discetti and Ivan Marusic 1 Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Universität der Bunderwehr München, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany 2 Aerospace Engineering Research Group, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The term 'Particle Image Velocimetry' (PIV) made its appearance for the first time in the literature in 1984 [1]. Since then, PIV has become a robust and versatile technique for quantitative investigations in fluid mechanics, being often the method of choice for characterization of flow phenomena. In the last decades, efforts have been directed towards extending the reach of PIV in several directions, including (though not limited to): improving accuracy and robustness, enhancing its versatility; expanding the range of applications (from microfluidics to large-scale flows, spanning very-low-speed to hypersonic regimes); quantifying the measurement uncertainty; increasing the dimensionality of the observation space (e.g. aiming towards a full 3D description, measuring derived quantities such as pressure and forces, etc). The International Symposium on PIV has been established since 1999 as the reference dissemination event for the flourishing scientific debate of the ever-growing PIV community. The latest symposium of this series, ISPIV 2019, was held in Munich (Germany) on 22–24 July 2019, and featured 178 lectures over four parallel sessions. This special section on the 13th International Symposium on PIV collects 15 selected contributions from the conference, sampling the breadth of current research areas on PIV. Particle tracking velocimetry is one of the most active lines of research in the PIV community. Ehlers et al [2] proposed an improvement of the FlowFit method for Lagrangian particle tracking data, feeding it with additional artificial Lagrangian tracers (virtual particles), advected according to velocity and acceleration provided within the data-assimilation framework of FlowFit. Rossi and Barnkob [3] developed a robust and efficient algorithm for generalized defocusing particle tracking, based on a fast, segmentation-free particle 3D location identification procedure, which makes the algorithm suitable for automatized applications. Saredi et al [4] introduced a multi-∆t method based on Reynolds decomposition to combine sets of dual-frame images with different pulse separation, thus exploiting the higher precision of large-∆t frames and the higher robustness of images with small ∆t. The rising popularity of data-mining and machine-learning techniques is opening interesting new scenarios for processing and analysis of PIV data. König et al [5] tested a three-stage cascaded convolutional neural network to measure volumetric velocity fields in microfluidics with astigmatic particle tracking velocimetry. Mendez et al [6] reported an application of a novel data-driven decomposition method for time-resolved PIV data, which combines multi-resolution analysis with standard proper orthogonal decompositions, and does not require assumptions of linear dynamics or stationary data. Pan et al [7] developed a data-assimilation algorithm to estimate the friction velocity and the wall-shear stress in turbulent boundary layers; the proposed method, based on an unscented Kalman filter, fuses velocity profiles, measured with stereo-PIV, Preston tube and MEMS shear stress data, including information on their corresponding uncertainty.


Law no. 90/2012 Coll. The Commercial Companies and Cooperatives
(business Corporations Act) in its transitional provisions,
speciafically in the provisions § 777 Sec. 3 stores business
corporations, and thus limited companies to streamline
arrangements of contracts the performance of office and
remuneration above the law, and within a period of 30. 6. 2014.
Otherwise, the Act defines an irrefutable legal presumption
gratuitous performance of a member body of a corporation.


. As a promising approach in model compression, knowledge distillation improves the performance of a compact model by transferring the knowledge from a cumbersome one. The kind of knowledge used to guide the training of the student is important. Previous distillation methods in semantic segmentation strive to extract various forms of knowledge from the features, which involve elaborate manual design relying on prior information and have limited performance gains. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective feature distillation method called normalized feature distillation (NFD), aiming to enable effective distillation with the original features without the need to manually design new forms of knowledge. The key idea is to prevent the student from focusing on imitating the magnitude of the teacher's feature response by normalization. Our method achieves state-of-the-art distillation results for semantic segmentation on Cityscapes, VOC 2012, and ADE20K datasets. Code will be available.


Employers should be aware of the problems posed by extending U.S. stock option plans to U.S. expatriates and should take action to lessen or eliminate these adverse results.


In some embodiments, a tight loop mode is provided in which most, if not all of, the clock distribution circuitry may be bypassed during an initial frequency lock stage.


Introduction: Femoral neck fracture following osteonecrosis is a common problem. Recently, some reports implicated the success of using hyaluronic acid (HA) in prevention of cartilaginous destruction, and the potential ability of HA in prevention of osteochondronecrosis. Objectives: To determination the effect of intra - articular HA injection after femoral neck osteotomy Materials and Methods: In this observational study, 20 dogs were followed after femoral neck osteotomy fixed with pins. The dogs were randomly divided in two groups. Case group received 10 cc HA and control group received 10 cc of normal saline in two doses with 1 week interval. The substances were injected into the hip joint. The dogs were sacrificed after 8 weeks; the osteochondronecrosis were investigated by MRI and pathology. Data were analyzed using Fisher s exact test and independent t test. P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: One dog died before research completed in both groups. Osteochondronecrosis was seen in 2 dogs in case group and 5 dogs in control group (p<0.15). Although there was no significant difference between two groups but HA injection decreased the incidence of osteochondronecrosis 2.2 fold (RR=2.2). Positive Predictive Value(PV) and Negative Predictive Value(NPV) for MRI were 33.3% and 58.3% in diagnosis of osteonecrosis. Conclusion: It seems that HA injection is efficient in prevention of osteochondronecrosis after femoral neck osteotomy.


Ayutthaya was a key transit port and a centre for the intra-Asian maritime trade in the early modern period. Consequently, Siam's international trade must have been transformed once the maritime trade in Asia changed on a large scale. This essay aims to offer a systematic picture of the changing trend in the maritime trade in the China Sea region, with particular emphasis on Ayutthaya's trade with Japan and China. To this end, the transition of the Siamese trade will be examined from the point of view of regional trade patterns and how these changed from the mid-seventeenth century to the end of the eighteenth century. This essay has two general purposes. First, it provides a multinational perspective for a comparative study of Japan and China's foreign trade. The second is to use this case study of the Siamese trade to examine the hypothesis posed by Leonard Blussé that the eighteenth century should be regarded as a "Chinese century." Keeping these aims in mind, I shall analyse the Siamese trade with Japan and China in the long run and after detailed investigation, propose a model for the triangular trade between Japan, China, and Siam.


The central research question of this paper is "What are the conditions for innovative behaviour of virtual team members?". This is an important issue for companies given the impact of ICT on work. Virtual teams are assumed to be part of normal business life. This paper presents a preliminary model on three possibly relevant characteristics of virtual teams, and technological and organisational factors that moderate the relationship with innovation behaviour. Based on a survey among virtual team members (N=83 from 16 organisations with virtual teams) we present the results of a multilevel analysis. Main findings are that members spending more time in a virtual team score higher on innovative work behaviour. In virtual teams innovation behaviour can be stimulated by using reciprocal IT tools (like document sharing), coordination by trust (not by output) and high job demands. Counter-intuitive is the result, that high task dependencies in virtual teams in highly complex surroundings are negatively associated with innovation.


As comprehensive practice courses gain some achievements in theoretical and practical applications,some deviating behaviors of front-line teachers affected their value realization during teaching implementation.The value of comprehensive practice course and the function of course implementation decide the necessity for the transformation of teacher's behaviors.Teacher's internal transformation driving force,the new teaching concept,corresponding course knowledge and teaching ability are subjective premises of carrying out teaching behavior transformation.By these,the implementation of comprehensive practice course can be implemented smoothly.


This study aims to determine: (1) in response to the type of packaging savings and sorghum seed viability; (2) in response to the storage room temperature sorghum seed viability; (3) a combination of types of packaging store and storage room temperature for sorghum seed viability.  The research was conducted in October 2013 to January 2014 at the Laboratory of Seed and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung.  This research is compiled using a completely randomized design with four replications. The design of the treatment applied is factorial (4x3) by the first factor is the type of packaging and the second factor is the temperature store room.  Homogeneity of variance between treatments was tested by Bartlett test. Separation of median is done by using the test Least Significant Difference (LSD) at level α of 5%. The results showed that the seeds of sorghum were packed with cans stored at refrigerator temperature (4 ° C) have the ability better than a plastic jar packaging, cloth flour, and plastic at room temperature (32 ° C) and air conditioning (22 ° C), in maintaining sorghum seed viability after being stored for 4 months. Keywords : Type Packaging, Temperature Storage Room, Sorghum Seed Viability


Capital venture was a financing that involved high risk to establish a new business for extension or refinancing without obligatory collateral. Capital venture was a kind of additional capital from investors managed by a state enterprise or a private enterprise. The capital was distributed to small business or middle business which is looking for capital to increase the effort. The distribution of capital was based on sincerity and mutual assistance. So, investors and the institution of venture did not receive the profit from their business partners. In classical Islamic contract law (fiqh muamalah), the term of capital venture has not been discussed yet, because it was a contemporary economic problem appeared by economist. Thus, it was necessary to conduct a study to know the view of Islamic law about the capital venture, particularly about the practice of capital venture and the system of profit sharing. From this research, it was hoped that capital venture could be a means of developing for the Moslem's economics


Component placement sequence problems are critical problems determining the surface mounting machine's efficiency. A genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to solve them for gantry machines. The GA has its special chromosome coding, chromosome encoding and crossover operator. The chromosome of individual has one or several links, which depends on the assembled printed circuit board. One gene of a chromosome represents one pick-and-place cycle. Experiment results show that the GA can resolve the problem effectively. At the same time, A performance comparison between three traditional crossover operaters and the crossover operator are presented and analyzed. The results show that the traditional crossover operators cannot solve the problems effectively.


Section Headings. Plenary session. Molecular assemblies in solutions. Fine particles and colloidal dispersions. Supramolecular organized films. Nanostructural solid surfaces. Industrial applications and products.


In many problems of classical mechanics and theoretical physics dynamics can be described as a slow evolution of periodic or quasi-periodic processes. Adiabatic invariants are approximate first integrals for such dynamics. The existence of adiabatic invariants makes dynamics close to regular. Destruction of adiabatic invariance leads to chaotic dynamics. We present a review of some mechanisms of destruction of adiabatic invariance in slow–fast Hamiltonian systems with examples from charged particle dynamics.


Hypotheses—Electrocochleography (ECoG) to acoustic stimuli can differentiate relative degrees of cochlear responsiveness across the population of cochlear implant recipients. The magnitude of the ongoing portion of the ECoG, which includes both hair cell and neural contributions, will correlate with speech outcomes as measured by results on CNC word score


© 2023 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. The accompanying Invited reply can be viewed at http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230347. Comment on: 'The swim-andsink behaviour of copepods: a revisit to mechanical power requirement and a new hypothesis on function' Jiang (2023)


Managed care organizations look to limit the use of healthcare technologies in an effort to control costs. This allocation of healthcare resources from the managed care viewpoint may be in conflict with overall social priorities. By investigating how the cost-effectiveness of drugs, devices, and medical equipment change when examined from a managed care point-of-view, this thesis shows how differences between a private payor and societal perspective affect health technology coverage decisions. To show this effect, the paper investigates how analytical assumptions used in cost-effectiveness studies that are performed from the managed care perspective change the relative value of certain health technologies. By re-analyzing the epidemiological studies from peer-reviewed journals, conclusions are made and policy alternatives suggested to bring decision-making closer to the social optimum. Specifically, four examples were studied: pharmaceutical treatments for hypertension, recurrent depression, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's Disease. In these analyses, the cost structure and time horizons were changed to reflect the operating environment of a managed care organization. Cost were measured in 1996 US dollars; effectiveness was measure in quality-adjusted life years. The overall effect of the managed care perspective was to undervalue long-term preventative technologies when compared to the societal viewpoint. Pharmacy controls actually made an intervention look cheaper by reducing the effective price that a managed care organization pay for a drug. However, by ignoring certain costs that are irrelevant to an individual health plan (i.e., worker productivity), the treatment strategies appeared more expensive. The shortened time horizon due to disenrollment rates dominated the analysis and severely raised the price per unit of health benefit that is realized by a managed care organizations. Policy options to help align the societal and managed care perspectives are discussed. These include the use of malpractice suits, patient and employer education strategies, state and federal legislative options, and the use of retrospective risk policies. Thesis Supervisor: Richard Tabors Title: Professor of Something Thesis Supervisor: Peter Neumann Title: Deputy Director of Program on the Economic Evaluation of Medical Technology Visiting Scholar, Harvard School of Public Health


Objective RNA interference (RNAi) was employed to inhibit the expression of p65 and to evaluate the effects of NF-κB signaling pathway as a target for gene therapy in ESCC cell lines. Methods A fluorescein-labeled non-special siRNA was used to monitor efficiency in EC9706. EC9706 and Eca109 were transfected with 50 nM p65siRNA, p65 and cyclinD1 protein levels were determined using Western Blotting. After transfected with or without p65siRNA at 72h, cells were tested for nuclear activity of NF-κB using nuclear extracts by EMSA. ESCC cells were treated with or without p65siRNA, 5-Fu or combinations thereof for 48h. The cells were stained with PI and analyzed cell cycle by flow cytometry. Results A fluorescein-labeled non-special siRNA was used to monitor efficiency in EC9706, demonstrating nearly 90% transfection efficiency. The protein level of p65 and cyclinD1 decreased after transfected with p65siRNA at 72h. And p65siRNA also suppressed the NF-κB-DNA-binding. p65siRNA-transfected cells showed an increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decrease in the percentage of cells in the S phase. While combination with 5-Fu, the results were more prominence. Conclusion p65siRNA inhibits the constitutively active NF-κB signaling pathway, and downregulats the expression of cyclinD1. The strong constitutive NF-κB signaling pathway in ESCC makes NF-κB a target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.


In any conventional or standard refrigerator there is no system of automatically monitoring the food items. A smart refrigerator is one which possesses self-monitoring capability of food items and automatically detecting and alerting the consumer of the need to restock the food items with minimal human intervention. Thus the devices ought to be smart enough to recognize our needs. Hence smart refrigerator is designed to convert any existing refrigerator into intelligent cost effective appliances using sensors. In our system the smart refrigerator automatically detect the weight of the products, any gas leakage and any changes in the level of the liquid in a container using load cell sensor, gas sensor and ultrasonic sensor then the system will automatically inform the owner about the status of the smart refrigerator through short message service (SMS) using GSM mobile network.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the structural-semantic organization and functioning of one-syllable sentences in the modern Ukrainian language. The material for the study was the poetry of the famous Ukrainian writer Maria Matios. In modern linguistics, the problem of studying simple sentences has been relevant for a long time. The classification of these syntactic constructions, the status of their main member, etc. are still debatable. The article describes the main types of one-member sentences, considers their semantics, describes the grammatical nature of the main member of each variety, clarifies the stylistic loads of one-member constructions in the poetic discourse of Maria Mathios. As a result of research in the poetry of Maria Mathios, a numerous corpus of one-member sentences was singled out, their structural-semantic analysis was carried out, and their functioning was described. Applying the modern classification of one-member sentences, we found that among all types (verb and noun) the most common are groups of definite-personal, impersonal and nominative sentences. It is proved that the writer rarely introduces indefinite-personal sentences into her poetic work, she does not use generalized-personal ones at all. The semantics and aesthetic sense of one-member sentences in the poetry of Maria Mathios are analized in the article, their various functions are revealed, especially the main one among them – evaluative and emotionally-expressive role. With the help of simple constructions, the writer describes the psychological state of her heroine, evaluates the portrayed things. The analysis traced the powerful expression and dynamics of the images which are created by these sentences. With the help of one-member constructions Maria Matios enriches the body of pictorial and expressive means of poetic language, inspires her story with emotionality and psychologicality. One-member sentences are an important emotional and expressive component of the poetic discourse of Maria Mathios, their use demonstrates the skill and uniqueness of the author's idiosyncrasy.


It has been shown (Wada et al., 1969) that CO inhibits the conversion of acyclic precursors into digitonin-precipitable sterols in lOOOOg supernatant fractions of rat liver homogenates. Although no direct experimental attempt was made to characterize the biosynthetic site of inhibition, this was attributed to an effect on the microsomal enzyme squalene 2,3oxidase. More recent work, however, has demonstrated that squalene 2,3-oxidase is not inhibited by CO (Yamamoto & Bloch, 1969). The present investigation was undertaken to clarify this apparent contradiction by establishing the nature of the intermediates that accumulate during CO inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis from selected precursors. Cholesterol was a product of BDH Chemicals (Poole, Dorset, U.K.) and was recrystallized three times before use (m.p. 148-14&.50C). Lanosterol was obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wis., U.S.A.) and contained 40% of 24,25-dihydrolanosterol as judged by g.l.c. Pure samples of each were obtained by the-method described by Gibbons et al. (1971). [2-14C]Mevalonic acid lactone (10.3 Ci/ mol) was a product -of The Radiochemical Centre (Amersham, Bucks., U.K.) and was hydrolysed to the free acid before use. (14C]Squalene was prepared by incubation of a lOOOOg supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenate with [2-14C]mevalonate by the method described by Bucher et al. (1959). [C]Squalene was isolated from the lipid fraction by t.l.c.


We report the outcome of a quasilongitudinal investigation into the effects on students' performance of integrating technology facilitated learning (TFL) using MS Excel into the business statistics syllabus of a tourism management programme. By varying the magnitude of TFL applied in the syllabus of the subject across four consecutive cohorts, the impact on the students' performance was cross compared. The outcome of this investigation suggests that TFL contributes constructively towards enhancing the students' performance. The inferences were found to be consistent with a host of theoretical considerations in published literature.


in the university course Women and Media. Geoff Lealand's study of the relationship between children in their earliest formative years and television argues for a recognition of the plurality of childhood and the need for continued funding of 'special' programming for a 'special' audience. Sue Turnbull concludes the volume with a call for a change of direction in our thinking about how to teach yoW\g adults feminism and the media. Bill Green, Jo-Anne Reid and Chris Bigum conduct an analysis of the 'Nintendo' generation, combining a critical reading of recent academic and popular texts with a series of audio taped interviews and 'snapshots' of school children as both an 'audience' and a 'market'. Their account of children, computer culture and popular culture is shaped specifically to address the educational implications and challenges for schooling, curriculum and literacy. Mark Laidler's project 'delves into the ever-present topic of violence and anti-social influences. He investigates 11 of his primary school children's responses to the viewing of a 'd isapproved' videotext: the 1988 production of A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master. Laidler, informed by the work of Hodge and Tripp (1986), analyses the film from its para tactic structure only. He argues that children frequently watch horror video texts as a form of empowering play, controlling the narrative flow by pausing, fast forwarding and reviewing. Linda Sheldon discusses the research she conducted when still working for the Australian Broadcasting Authority, looking at the attitudes (cool or boring) of 'middle age' children towards television. The adolescent boy and the danger of uncritical acceptance of the discourse found in video!arcade game playing is the focus of Nola Alloway and Pam Gilbert's study. Gerry Bloustien examines use by teenage girls of the video camera to construct identity, exploring subjectivity and performance and the transformative power of play in the lives of the young women involved. Patricia Gillard, Amanda Bow and Karen Wale address the lack of research in the public domain about telecommunications in the lives of teenagers and their families. The work is located in the tradition of analytic ethnography reports on teenage use of the telephone.


Abstract. If there is alleged invalidity of the contract, Limits and scope of arbitration referee. This issue calls "competence-competence" principle and we seek to investigate whether the possibility of accepting the competence to judge. It means making decision about competence of referee. Competency of arbitration board is inherent and it is created by law and it is separate from competency of public arbitration. Arbitration ritual theory is differences as a separate method of dispute resolution in international commercial transactions. However, Consistent with the dominance of the national authority on private equity, the entity is located at the foot of the rights of nature into the public law; although, private perspective is dominance .


Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the change of urinary type Ⅳ collagen in early stage of diabetic nephropathy(DN) and its possible relationship with the correlated markers. Methods:Urinary type Ⅳ collagen was determined with one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 85 diabetic patients, including 31 cases of normal albuminuria(DM1 group),42 of microalbuminuria (DM2 group),12 of overtalbuminuria(DM3 group) and 24 healthy subjects as control.Results:The mean concentration of urinary type Ⅳ collagen in DM1 group(9.43±8.79 μg/g·cr) was significantly higher than that of control(3.44±0.11μg/g·cr,P0.01).The levels of urinary type Ⅳ collagen in patients in DM2 or DM3 group, which were (23.33±16.40) μg/g·cr and (61.23±30.73) μg/g·cr, were significantly higher than that in DM1 group (P0.01). There was a significant correlation between the concentration of urinary type Ⅳ collagen and urinary albumin, as well as diabetic duration. There was no correlation between urinary type IV collagen and TC, TG, SBP, DBP, BMI, and blood sugar. Conclusion:Abnormal collagen metabolism exists in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The level of urinary type Ⅳ collagen has largely increased in early renal lesion stage in diabetic nephropathy.Therefore, it could be an early and sensitive marker of DN.


This paper deals with a real-life healthcare problem derived from the Non-Emergency Ambulance Transfer Service for Hong Kong public hospitals which provides transportation services for disabled or elderly patients between their residences and clinics. The problem is modeled as a multitrip pickup and delivery problem with time windows and manpower planning (MTPDPTW-MP) that not only needs to design and schedule ambulance routes satisfying a series of constraints but also requires staff scheduling. Because of the strict limits on route duration, each ambulance traverses several routes per day, which, starting and terminating at the depot, complete a series of pickup and delivery operations to serve the clients. A feasible route demands a driver and several assistants to serve the clients and needs to satisfy some constraints, such as capacity, pickup before delivery, time windows, etc. The objective is hierarchical in that it primarily serves as many clients as possible, then minimizes the operational cost,...


Induced torque of the second stage SbCl 5 -graphite intercalation compounds (GIC's) has been studied in magnetic field up to 20 kOe. Field dependence of induced torque at the field direction parallel to the layer plane gives an evidence of open orbit along the k z -axis which is suggested by the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect. Reduction of the induced torque has been observed when the sample is slowly cooled down to a quenching temperature, about 210 K, and then quickly cooled down to 4.2 K. These results are consistent with the reduction of the amplitude of dHvA oscillations which was found by the present authors.


In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, vehicles and other intelligent components in an intelligent transportation system (ITS) are connected, forming vehicular networks (VNs) that provide efficient and safe traffic and ubiquitous access to various applications. However, as the number of nodes in an ITS increases, it is challenging to satisfy a varied and large number of service requests with different quality of service (QoS) and security requirements in highly dynamic VNs. Intelligent nodes in VNs can compete or cooperate for limited network resources to achieve the objective for either an individual or a group. Game theory (GT), a theoretical framework designed for strategic interactions among rational decision makers sharing scarce resources, can be used to model and analyze individual or group behaviors of communicating entities in VNs. This paper primarily surveys the recent developments of GT in solving various challenges of VNs. This survey starts with an introduction to the background of VNs. A review of GT models studied in the VNs is then introduced, including the basic concepts, classifications, and applicable vehicular issues. After discussing the requirements of VNs and the motivation of using GT, a comprehensive literature review on GT applications in dealing with the challenges of current VNs is provided. Furthermore, recent contributions of GT to VNs that are integrated with diverse emerging 5G technologies are surveyed. Finally, the lessons learned are given, and several key research challenges and possible solutions of applying GT in VNs are outlined.


This paper provides one damage identification method for stiffness mutation position of tower structure based on dynamic response information truncation. On the basis of obtaining dynamic response information of tower structure under environment excitation, wavelet transform is adopted for structure damage location identification. When there is mutation point in integral stiffness of tower structure, stiffness mutation will make stiffness change caused by structure damage difficult to identify. Therefore, through stiffness structure analysis, dynamic response information of structure stiffness mutation position is truncated, and the truncated dynamic response information interval is extended, so as to eliminate the influence of Gibbs phenomenon on the boundary of initial dynamic response information interval, so that structure damage identification of extended information interval will be achieved by wavelet transform. Analysis result of examples shows that this method is very effective and reliable for damage identification of stiffness mutation position of tower structure.


porality and consequentiality of what others have discussed as the (permanent) "crisis"—for example, see van De Walle (2001) but see also Mbembe and Roitman (1995)—of postadjustment, radically urbanized African states. For Melly, embouteillage is neither a "state of exception" (cf. Agamben 2003;Mbembe 2003) nor of suspended animation but is rather a temporality characterized by radically creative social action and denser movement catalyzed by the pressure and concentration of energy built up in deferral. These conditions of containment do not stifle; they instead build a vibrant city "in the meantime." As one (overeducated) taxi driver explained, driving in Dakar was a detour from his career goals, yes, but the fact that he remained in this position "enabled him to circulate continuously through the city, to insert himself into potentially useful networks, to engage in various kinds of worthwhile transactions" (68). The intensity of circulation in the bottled-up city—the swells and eddies of restricted place under high pressure—and his place within that circulation created an ideal space for his material success through what Wolof names liguenti (xaalis) "working [habitually, repeatedly] at (money)." Liguenti in this sense is explicitly about movement, framed as the work of dugg and gene, that is, of "coming in" and "going out," borrowing some money here, mediating a deal there, running errands for a tip, etc., through which onemight scrape together just enoughmoney tomeet the needs of the day (see Pfeil 2012). This practice of scraping together one's living by mediating other people's transactions has been described in some detail in recent ethnographies of other West African cities, most notably in Newell's (2012) ethnography of young con artists in the capital of Côte d'Ivoire practicing similar modes of deal making by mediating knowledge (or, in many cases, the lack of it) about the city for outsiders, and about Europe and the United States for consumers in the city (see also Jones 2010 on Zimbabwe's kukiya-kiya economy). Bottleneck reminds readers that social worlds are always in a state of motion, yet failures or restrictions of movement for people or things are not an exception but a crucial and constitutive aspect of the state of the circulatory system in question (Weiner 1992). The ethnography provides an instructively concrete entry into emerging literature theorizing communication and sociality through infrastructures of circulation (Hull 2003; Lee and Lipuma 2002), particularly the discussion in linguistic anthropology of "the phatic" (Jakobson 1960) as a means of describing networks of communication and perduring patterns of circulation, with the term "phatic infrastructure" (Elyachar 2010; Kockelman 2010) now gaining currency in the discipline at large (e.g., Larkin 2013; Maurer, Nelms, and Rea 2018). These questions gain new weight when considered from a taxi stuck in traffic.


Research has found that child maltreatment by parents is a devastating problem in the United States. What makes things worse is the negative impact that abuse is having on children at later ages. This study investigates racial differences in the relationship between child maltreatment and future crime, violence, and delinquency. Through official reports, self-reports, and parent reports of child maltreatment, a wide range of data from participants of the LONGSCAN survey was collected and analyzed. First, contrary to my hypothesis and past research on the topic, results from this study confirmed that white children were more likely to be maltreated than


MS-1018 is non-hardened ductile steel belonging to low carbon steel groups. It has been extensively used for machining applications such as machine parts, rods, bolts, studs, etc. It indicates that welding capability is strong and that it is often used for carburized parts. The present study paper studies the effect of various process parameters such as welding current, voltage, gas flow rate, welding speed and gas pressure on mechanical properties such as tensile strength and percentage of elongation of GMAW welded MS 1018 plate joints. GMAW welding is a high deposition rate welding process in which the wire is continually fed by a pistol or a spool. GMAW welding gives a few advantages like all capable places, long welding etc. Optimization was made to find optimal welding conditions to optimize tensile strength and percentage elongation of welded joints. The confirmation test was also performed to verify the desired configurations of the parameters. From the review papers report, it was observed that when welding current, voltage, GFR increased, the tensile strength decreased, but when welding speed increased but also increases the tensile strength.


Carbon dioxides (CO2) concentration has become much higher every year and this has already become the global issue. Lichen is a symbiotic organism that is best known as the air pollution indicator. Based on its frequency and diversity distribution, the level of pollution that has been made can be determined. This re-search was conducted in UKM Fernarium Free Air Carbon Dioxides Enrichment Station (FACE Station) with lichen frequencies and diversities observed and analyzed statistically and graphically. Seven species of li-chens were found at the sampling locations. Findings showed that there was significant relationship in lichen frequency and diversity distribution under elevated CO2 inside FACE Station with its surrounding.


The severe side effects associated with the use of anthracycline anticancer agents continues to limit their use. Herein we describe the synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of three enzymatically activatable doxorubicin-oligosaccharide prodrugs. The synthetic protocol allows late stage variation of the carbohydrate and is compatible with the use of disaccharides such as lactose as well as more complex oligosaccharides such as xyloglucan oligomers. The enzymatic release of doxorubicin from the prodrugs by both protease (plasmin) and human carboxylesterases (hCE1 and 2) was demonstrated in vitro and the cytotoxic effect of the prodrugs was assayed on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.


Nine different insecticidal treatments were tested against Athalia lugens proxima (Klug) on radish at college farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during rabi, 2007-08. The result on the efficacy of different insecticidal treatments showed that the treatment with spinosad 0.007 per cent, thiodicarb 0.075 per cent, quinalphos 0.05 per cent and endosulfan 0.07 per cent were found highly effective for the control of this pest. The remaining treatments viz., cartap hydrochloride 0.05 per cent and profenphos 0.05 per cent were found less effective. Significantly the highest radish yield (216.39 q/ha) was recorded with spinosad 0.007 per cent. However, it was found statistically at par with thiodicarb 0.075 per cent (202.50 q/ha), quinalphos 0.05 per cent (194.25 q/ha) and endosulfan 0.07 per cent (190.00 q/ha). On the basis of cost benefit ratio (CBR), endosulfan 0.07 per cent registered the highest cost benefit ratio (1: 9.00) and thus, found to be the most economical insecticide against sawfly infesting radish.


Objective To provide morphology basis for repairing radial nerve shortage and repairing other nerve injury by making use of nerve repair in clinical medicine.Methods Observe 35 arms of adult upper limb samples with color emulsion through axillary artery.micro blood vessel construction,outer diameter of nutritious artery,the inter diameters of the arteries within blood between nervous tract groups were observed through histological slice.Result The difference between the vascular inner diameter under the microscope is significant.In the outer layer of radial nerve in arm part,the inner diameter of the middle and lower part is relatively larger.Comparing with the upper part the difference is obvious(t=2.67,P0.01).Conclusion Under the light microscope,the microcopical blood vessel construction can be divided into four layers,the inner vascular diameter among the vascular layers has taken place some changes,when the onter diameter of the artery is large,the inner vascwor diameters within the outer layer,tract and tract group,even within the tracts tend to inerease.In longitudinal section of radial nerve,the dense of vascular net in outer layer is higher than that of intratract.


There has been much interest in the optical and mechanical properties of metal nanostructures and the possibility to use them as very high frequency opto-acoustic transducers. This interest stems from the ability of such devices to work as sources of ultrasound when a short optical pulse is used to thermally excite them producing GHz acoustic waves. This vibrational response can be detected in the time domain (with other short optical pulse) by measuring the changes in the scattered light using a technique called time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy. In particular, these devices may allow the generation of ultrasound with very high spatial frequencies (short wavelengths and oblique directions) that will enable very high resolution imaging.

In this thesis, the use of spherical metal nanoparticles as nano-sized opto-acoustic transducers will be explored by time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy measurements using solid and core-shell nanoparticles made by a single metal layer and dielectric-metal layers, respectively. Firstly, the study of the optical and mechanical responses of these devices will be studied by analytical and finite element models. This allows one to obtain the absorption/scattering coefficients and vibrational modes of metal nanostructures by solving Mie and Lamb theory, respectively.

Then, time-resolved experimental data will be compared with the modelling achieving two main results. Firstly, the possibility of ``turning off'' the detection mechanism of these devices by tuning the probe wavelength without affecting the generation mechanism. Secondly, the development of a size characterisation technique which can obtain the size of individual particles, their size distribution and also, may be able to obtain information about the surrounding medium.

Finally, the main novelty of this work will be described showing a new super-resolution imaging/localisation technique. Here, the optical diffraction limit is overcome by resolving several particles inside the optical point spread function by centroiding and differentiating their vibrational frequencies.


Abstract In the intellectual tradition of Thorstein Veblen, the status of women ("woman's place") provides insight into the value systems dominant in society. This article asks what we learn about U.S. society when we examine economic crises through women's experiences. This discussion focuses on the twenty-first century crises of the Great Recession and the COVID-19 recession, both of which were assigned gender pronouns—"Hecession" and "Shesession"—in popular discourse, reflecting in each case a particular pattern of gender differences ("gender gaps") in unemployment rates. Taking a feminist institutional economics approach, this article briefly examines some key aspects of the experiences of women in these two crises, considering a broad range of demographic characteristics and indicators of well-being, over a timeframe that extends beyond the initial economic downturn. The article concludes with thoughts on what this means for our understanding of societal values and valuing.


To Bob Strongman his boat was strictly a tool, a part of earning his living. He did not regard her as anything special at all. As far as he was concerned her status was pretty well the same as that of his big Chevrolet pickup which he changed every four or five years. He would no more think of giving her a name than he did the pickup. So, like the majority of the world's working boats, she has not got one. She is simply 'the boat' and he would never have used her for pleasure. In fact, he did not like driving her very much.


Freud through his theory considers repetition as a structural element of a person. Repetition is unavoidable, because it is a part of the human being, so we intent to understand how this phenomenon can be identified and interpreted from an artistic viewpoint. Our attempt is to find the subject into the film text. We will analyze three Pedro Almodovar's films, identifying which elements are repeated in each movie and in all of them. In this way, we believe it is possible to identify the style of an author, according to Foucault's conception. The three films analized are Matador (1985), Tacones Lejanos (1991) and La Flor de mi Secreto (1995).


Objective: To investigate the association of activated coagulation factor Ⅶ (FⅦa) and its gene MspI polymorphism with coronary heart disease combined hypertension of Han nation in Chinese. Methods: This study was performed with the method of candidate gene and case-control study. FⅦ genotypes were identified with polymerase chain reaction amplified genomic deoxyribonulieic acid (DNA) and MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis,and plasma FⅦa levels were detected with recombinant tissue factor method. Results: ①Plasma FⅦa levels were significantly higher in patients with coronary heart disease than those in patients with hypertension. FⅦa was a risk factor for coronary heart disease with hypertension. ②The results suggested that the distribution of genotype and allelic frequencies had no significant difference in each group. ③FⅦa levels were associated with FⅦ gene polymorphism. Conclusion: Plasma FⅦa level may be an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease with hypertension and the level is influenced by MspI polymorphism of the FⅦ gene.


This paper reports on an analysis of public documents produced by the government of Malaysia for the purpose of guiding the enactment of educational technology efforts in Malaysia. The analysis explores the concentration of discourses that make possible certain framings of technology in educational contexts that seek to act upon the notions of citizenship and identity among Muslims in Malaysia. Using the lenses of neofundamentalism and neoliberalism and leveraging analysis methods from the grounded theory methodological tradition, this study examined the ways the Malaysian government works on constructing the identities of its young Muslim citizenry by way of policy initiatives for the implementation of educational technologies. Sixteen documents produced and published by the Malaysian government served as the data for the analysis. Findings indicate that a neofundamentalist governmental rhetoric insists on looking to the past nostalgically and to non-rational textual hermeneutics for interpretations of Islam. At the same time, neoliberalism underpins discourses on educational technology and 'wealth-making' contemporary discourses on education and particularly educational technology. This produces a situation in which contemporary Malaysian government citizen work is locked in a crisis of bilateral nostalgia whereby a technology-rich and materially wealthy future is anticipated simultaneously with a longing for an Islamic civilization rooted in past traditionalisms and spiritualities. The Malaysian government then works a form of alchemy to manage this ironic tension.


In a modern dynamic environment high demands towards the personal qualities of specialists are an integral part of the formation process and development of professionals. At the same time, maintaining psychological well-being becomes significant. The aim of our research was to study the relationship between psychological well-being and features of professional development of young adults expressed in the systems of meaning that describe their activities. Respondents (N=65) were given questionnaires to collect information about specifics of their activities, conditions for the exercise of these activities, marks of negative states (burnout for medical students and stress for conscripts). The obtained results, as we compared the two groups of respondents, allowed us to divide them by the presence or absence of negative state that indicate psychological distress. The data we obtained indicate three components of the psychological well-being: emotional acceptance of their activities; specific features of relations with surrounding people, and how the work is organized in terms of its process and content.Respondents, who belong to different groups according to the degree of psychological well-being, can be described as oriented towards the well-being of the social environment, or as "individualists", for whom the organization and content of work is more important. The prospect of using the results consists in the possibility of taking them into account in career guidance activities, as well as in predicting the success of professional self-determination of young people.


The orientation of the legal status of the supervision for project construction is not very clear in our country,and there are many different ideas in the academic circle.The three main ideas are "the viewpoint about neutral third party","the viewpoint about agent" and "the viewpoint about compromise".From the perspective of empirical study,combined with the three main ideas,this paper compares and analyzes the legal provisions of the international convention,the convention in other countries(regions) and in our country,at last,the legal status of the supervision for project construction is identified as the agent of the developer,because the "the viewpoint about agent" is more reasonable.


We examine whether core ASEAN+3 countries might be interested in joining a financial "crisis union," allowing for the role of uncertainty by constructing a stylized real options model of the decision problem involved. We calibrate that model by proxying financial fragility with commonly used bank asset ratios and observe that, according to our criteria, a wider financial crisis union might be more attainable the more encompassing that grouping is; however, our results also reinforce the common perception of pervasive, possibly prohibitive, heterogeneity in these countries' banking and financial systems.


Neonates, and especially premature (with gestational age as low as 24 weeks and birth weight as low as 600 g) are predisposed to a variety of minor to life-threatening health complications, and often require special care during the first days of their life in the Special Baby Care Unit (SBCU). One of the primary methods of monitoring neonates in the neonatal unit is through radiography. During hospitalisation in the SCBU premature neonates may undergo a significant number of radiographic procedures to assist mainly in the diagnosis and management of lung diseases, such as respiratory distress syndrome and meconium aspiration syndrome, which represent one of the major clinical concerns in the neonatal care. Additionally, repeated radiographs are required to confirm correct positioning of the multiple tubes and lines (e.g. umbilical catheters, long-lines, endotracheal tubes) that are placed during the course of their management. Additionally, neonates may undergo a variety of other radiological investigations during the management of their condition. Although neonatal Computed tomography (CT) e.g. for assessment of congenital heart abnormalities or head trauma, is relatively infrequent compared to radiography, in view of the high organ doses involved with this modality, it is important for radiologists and operators to be able to easily estimate doses and cancer risks, and optimise protocols depending on patients size. Radiation damage is more extensive on dividing cells, thus exposure during childhood increases the risk of suffering the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation. Also, as a consequence of longer life expectancy, compared to adults, there is a greater period for the potential delayed effects of radiation to be expressed. Furthermore, the small sizes of the newborn bring critical organs frequently within or close to the primary beam resulting in a relatively higher overall exposure per examination than may be the case with adults. Therefore, it is emphasized that providing an image which is adequate for the clinical imaging task with the minimum radiation dose, whilst considering the best outcome of their treatment, is of particular importance to the neonate. Handling of the neonate inside the incubator should be minimized, since lifting or moving the infant to position the cassette, can lead to hypoxia, bradycardia, cerebral haemorrhage and could cause accidental dislodgment of tubes and lines. Modern incubators incorporate an imaging tray under the bed to facilitate placement of the radiographic cassette 10 with minimum disturbance to the infant and the conditions inside the incubator. The current study was divided in three parts. Part 1 The first objective of the study was to perform a survey on the doses encountered during chest radiography in the Special Care Baby Unit at the University Hospital of Patras in Greece. In our sample (378 chest and chest–abdomen radiographs) the majority of neonates were preterm and the mean number of radiographs was 3,6 per neonate (maximum 26). Entrance Surface Doses (ESDs) were estimated, Dose-Area Product (DAP) values were measured and the quality of radiographic image was evaluated for clinical film-screen neonatal images. The ESD values obtained are lower than, or comparable to, the values obtained in studies in other European countries and the majority showed good compliance with the recommended diagnostic reference levels proposed by the National radiological protection board and the European Commission (50 μGy and 80mGy respectively). A relatively wide variation in ESD (16-77 μGy, mean 38.2mGy) and DAP (1.2-15 mGy·cm2 , mean 7.2 mGy·cm 2 ) values is observed even for neonates of the same weight (3,5- fold in group 4). Image quality evaluation demonstrated that high tube voltage techniques, related to low ESD values, the image quality is adequate to answer the diagnostic question, thus adhering to the driving philosophy of the ALARA principle. An optimized standardized radiographic protocol is suggested depending on birth-weight for film screen radiography. Part 2 Since computed radiography is now the most used digital imaging modality in many centers, the study was further developed to compare techniques and exposure factors applied in SBCU of the Royal Victoria Infirmary hospital in Newcastle Upon Tyne, in the UK. The range of ESD values in the UK smaller that that found in the Greek hospital. All doses are below the Diagnostic Reference level. Comparing the two departments, a common overlap in the low range of doses is observed for high tube voltage techniques. That is in agreement with the optimised protocol proposed in Part 1 of this work. Additionally, the exposure index for most of the neonatal radiographs were in the range 1.8-2.1, as recommended from the Agfa manufacturer. With the use of an anthropomorphic neonatal phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), our results demonstrated that the organs receiving the highest doses during neonatal chest AP radiography are the breast, liver lung and thyroid (when in the primary 11 beam) which are also amongst the most radiosensitive organs. Organ dose coefficients were deduced for lung and breast with respect to entrance kerma free-in air and entrance surface dose. Those are comparable to coefficients deduced in national reports and other studies. The phantom was irradiated with various techniques (58-64 kVp, 0.64-3.2 mAs) in order to compare image quality for the two radiographic methods, i.e. with the cassette 'on the bed' and 'in the tray'. The Signal to noise ration (SNR) was measured for 10 regions of interest (ROIs) representing anatomical features such as lung, retrocardiac lung, rib on lung, retrocardiac rib on lung, tissue, rib on tissue, spine and was plotted in graphs for each kVp and for the corresponding mAs values used clinically. The contrast to noise ratio (CNR), was measured between the lung and the lung behind the heart, rib on the lung and lung, as well as between lung and tissue. In order to achieve the same dose to the detector when switching from "on the bed" to "in the tray" method a necessary increase in the mAs is required of approximately 40%, when using the same tube voltage. The reduction in the SNR values is more prominent for low xray beams, ranging from 45% on average for the low tube voltages to 27% for the higher tube voltages. An increase of 55% in mAs is required to maintain the SNR. The decrease in the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) between lung and lung behind the heart, rid and rib behind the heart, and lung and tissue caused by the use of the tray was 40-46% for low and 20-25% for higher tube voltages. The figure of merit, CNR2 /ESD was calculated and it was concluded that the higher tube voltages are preferable for imaging neonates with the cassette positioned in the incubator imaging x-ray tray. Reducing neonatal handling may ultimately improve outcome and speed up therapy and recovery, therefore structure and composition of materials of incubators should be improved e.g. thinner transparent bed, made from low attenuation materials or a grid of carbon fibre material can be tested. Part 3 Part three is presenting a dosimetric methodology for neonatal CT, updated based on the new tissue radiosensitivity factors, published in the new report from the International Commission on Radiological Protection 2007. That impact of the new factors on the effective dose and the dose conversion coefficients in neonatal and paediatric CT . In order to obtain size dependant coefficients, it was extended to paediatric CT scans, including the ages of 1, 5 and 10 years old. Despite the relatively low frequency of CT examinations in neonates compared to radiography, since CT is related to high organ doses, optimized protocols adjusted to clinical 12 task and patient size should be implemented for neonates. Neonates represent the most radiosensitive group of patients. Additionally, in view of their longer life expectancy, and possible repeated radiological examinations, knowledge of organ and effective dose is vital for the estimation of cancer risks. The dosimetric methodology presented in this study, utilizing anthropomorphic neonatal phantom, was updated based on the new set of tissue weighting factors suggested by the ICRP 2007. The tissue weighting factor for breast increased from 0.05 to 0.12 and the factor for gonads has decreased from 0.20 to 0.08. Also liver, bladder, esophagus and thyroid have changed from 0.05 to 0.04. The effect of these changes in the calculation of E through the EDLP coefficients is investigated in this work. Effective dose is a parameter related to the relative biologic risk and is not a physical parameter that can be measured. Four non-overlapping anatomical areas were scanned, namely, head, chest, abdomen and pelvis. Organ doses were measured utilising TLDs and effective dose was calculated for each scan. This work was primarily focused on neonatal CT, however, in order to obtain size dependant conversion coefficients it was extended to paediatric CT scans, including the ages of 1, 5 and 10 years old. A standard protocol was used for all patient sizes and anatomical areas. Effective dose conversion coefficients, normalised to dose-length product, were derived for neonates and children as a function of patient size for four anatomical areas (head, chest, abdomen, pelvis). The highest coefficient was found to be for the abdomen. The coefficients for chest, abdomen and pelvis were approximately 2-3,5 times higher than those for head, similarly to those published previously. The changes in the dose coefficients range from an increase of up to 25 % for chest CT scans to a decrease of 30–40 % for scans of the pelvis. No significant changes were observed for scans of the head and abdomen. The results of this study were validated by irradiating the neonatal phantom on a clinical 'chest neonatal protocol' (base of the neck to end of the liver). The predic