Abstract The paper reviews several modalities of multicomponent analysis, namely: multilinear regression by using single or multiple standards, non-linear optimization systems by using the Gauss-Newton or the Simplex methods and factor analysis, which have been used by the authors in recent papers. These multicomponent methods have been applied to environmental samples by different analysis techniques, such as UV- visible spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, polarography-voltametry, simultaneous kinetic processes. monitoring of liquid-liquid extraction processes and HPLC (resolution of overlapped peaks). In this way, the advantages and limitations of the methodology of multicomponent analysis are shown.


Two major developments are changing our current understanding of cancer: (1) the in-depth analysis of tumour-harbouring mutations and (2) the generation of highly active T cell-involving immunotherapies. In this editorial, we focus on its impact on myeloma therapy and speculate on future treatment concepts.


Public authorities that have blocked British Telecom's rollout of next-generation phone kiosks have set up rival street comms infrastructure from which they get a share of the profit.


Energy conservation and beneficial from economic point of view heat transfer enhancement is important factor. There are many techniques to enhance the heat transfer rate through, Passive and active techniques. Passive techniques like, twisted tapes, wire inserts and roughness of element is most effective methods for heat transfer enhancement. Many studies have been carried out on different geometries of twisted tapes to increase the rate of heat transfer. Several correlations have been developed between heat transfer and friction factor for inserts of twisted tapes. In current study, a literature review of heat transfer enhancement in heat exchanger using twisted tapes has been done. Experimental and numerical studies on various twisted tapes with and without perforation are discussed based on the literature. The development in heat exchanger systems will be improved is shown in this studies. The research area in heat exchanger for enhancement in heat transfer rate is so big. Twisted tape optimum shape can also be developed based on the minimum friction factor and maximum heat transfer in fluid. INTRODUCTION Important requirement in energy conservation is the efficient heat transfer system [1]. Augmentation of high heat flux is occurred due to the enhancement of heat transfer. Reduction of heat exchanger size and temperature driving force etc. are other advantages of enhancement in heat transfer rate. Economic point of view the reduction in size is very important, whereas apart from this by reducing the temperature driving force leads to minimization of entropy generation or minimum energy destruction and increase in second law efficiency. Apart from this, increased heat transfer rate is beneficial due to the heat exchanger can operated at law velocity and gives considerably higher heat transfer coefficient. Also, law operating cast is achieved along with law operating pressure drop. To increase the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger, the most important parameter is improving the thermal contact and reduction in pumping power. These factors are associated with enhancement in heat transfer forces y using different techniques to increase thermal performance of heat exchanger. Heat exchangers are usually used in nearly all areas of industrial activities. The heat transfer enhancement concept is relatively significant and advantageous in process, power, air conditioning, refrigeration, automotive industries etc. Along with this, heat transfer augmentation methods are also becoming an important substance of interest in solar heat collectors, micro chemical processing compact heat exchanger design, electronics cooling etc. [2]. As the time progress, the matter of heat transfer enhancement has become more dynamic in all industrial applications. The classification NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]


Mobile devices provide a more realistic image processing and various high spec features to satisfy users. So, mobile devices have been developing in the direction of computing acceleration by using a strong parallelism of GP-GPU processing. In this paper, a GP-GPU architecture is proposed based on stream processing architecture which has the advantage of high parallelism to enhance the image processing capability. The proposed GP-GPU architecture consists of 8 stream processors and has multi-banked cache memory structure. The results of verification shows that the proposed stream processor improves the performance of the integral image generation : 24.5%, 3×3 Gaussian filer mask : 4.7%, 5×5 Gaussian filter mask : 1.3% in comparison with ARM Cortex-A15 quad core.


Abstract The site of Nokalakevi, in western Georgia, has seen significant excavation since 1973, including, since 2001, a collaborative Anglo-Georgian project. However, the interpretation of the site has largely rested on architectural analysis of standing remains and the relative dating of deposits based on the study of ceramics. Since 2013, the Anglo-Georgian Expedition to Nokalakevi has collected a diverse dataset derived from multiple scientific techniques including optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of ceramics, radiocarbon dating, δ13C and δ15N analysis and 87Sr/86Sr analysis. The full results of these analyses are reported here for the first time along with implications for the interpretation of the archaeology, which include greater detail in the site chronology but also indicators of diet and migration.


The delocation of firms is often viewed as a major outcome of a stiff environmental policy. In this paper, we study the impact of a strict anti-pollution policy pursued by a government on domestic firms locational decisions and determine the main variables that interact with such a policy. Some preliminary welfare implications are also provided. Keywords: Environmental policy; Plant location; Imperfect competition. JEL classification: H7; R3; D4.


A simple, precise, accurate and economical UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for the estimation of Duloxetine hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. Standard stock solution was prepared in water. The resulting solutions were then scanned in the UV range (200-400nm) in a double beam UV Visible spectrophotometer. The drug shows maximum absorption at 218nm. In these methods the drug obeyed Beer-Lambert's law in the concentration range of 5.0–30μg/ml. The linear regression equations were calculated to be y = 0.100x+0.039, R=0.999. The results of estimation of marketed tablet formulations were found to be 99.1±0.001 with their %RSD less than 2. Recovery studies were carried out by addition of known amount of standard drug to the powdered tablet. The % recovery was found to be 99.16±0.44, which indicates accuracy and reliability of the validated methods as well as non interference from excipients to the developed methods. The intraday and interday assay was within 2%. The method was then validated statistically as per the ICH guidelines which yielded good results concerning range, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness and ruggedness.


Analyzing investigation report of coal mine safety accidents,Using for reference the thinking fashion of quality function deployment theory of quality management,bringing forward safety responsibility deployment theory being the same with coal safety management,and expatiating its application to ensure safety in production of coal mine and important effect of lessening or eliminating frequency of coal mine safety accidents taking place.


To overcome the lack of a representative dataset on the manufacturing sector in the Netherlands before the first census of companies in 1930, we constructed an alternative census of companies for 1896. Based on a large collection of local-preserved municipal reports, we estimated the number of establishments, employees, and steam engines, standardized for all Dutch municipalities and all manufacturing sectors. In contrast to other source material around this time period, this newly created dataset gives researchers for the first time a view on the structure and competitiveness of the Dutch manufacturing sector at the timing of its Industrial Revolution on such a geographical and sectoral detailed level. Following our illustration of the textiles manufacturing sector, we found that in 1896 modern factories and steam engines were limited to smaller centres in the eastern and southern part of the country, while the majority of the country still depended on smaller, non-mechanized handicraft establishments.


Informal settlements suffer health issues due to inadequate toilet facilities and unsafe faecal sludge management (FSM). In addition to the people's unsafe management, sweepers provided emptying services informally with unsafe methods, and authorities adopted city-wide vacutug-based services where informal settlements are excluded. This paper explores factors causing unsafe FSM and develops a contextual model that includes informal settlements with environmentally safe city-wide services. It took Notun-Bazar Char Khulna as a case, and purposefully sampled toilets, settlement people, sweepers, and key persons for interview and group discussions. These responses located some existing sanitation intervention factors responsible for unsafe containment, emptying, conveyance, and discharge practice. This paper proposes equitable, impenetrable, and emptiable containment, periodical emptying and conveyance, adaptive equipment, adaptive health safety kit, and proximal safe discharge location as components of a context-sensitive model to include informal settlements with a city-wide environmentally safe FSM system.


On February 29, 2012, Sandoz Canada announced a disruption to the supply of its many injectable medications in Canada, including vitamin B12 (VB12) while it upgraded operations to meet US Food and Drug Administration standards.[1][1] This disruption forced Canadian physicians and pharmacists to find


Purpose: This paper examines if gender diversity on corporate boards promotes corporate social performance across industries and across countries. Methodology: Fixed-effect panel models are estimated using European-wide data from 2002 through 2013. Instrumental variable estimation and propensity score matching are also employed to control for potential endogeneity. Findings: Board gender diversity improves environmental and social performance, and consequently the corporate social performance. Although the positive effect of gender diversity is prevalent across industries, the effect is more pronounced for firms in emerging markets. Regulatory implications: The findings suggest that gender law that fosters gender diversity can promote corporate social performance in firms and the benefit can be enjoyed with just an introduction of one female director to the board. Promotion of gender diversity in Europe is most beneficial in emerging markets. Originality: The results provide new insights to the literature as we find that a critical mass of female directors on boards is not required to promote corporate social performance. The research also highlights that board gender diversity enhances corporate social performance irrespective of the industry and the effect on corporate social performance is more pronounced in emerging markets where regulations regarding CSR are not so clear-cut.


This report describes the activities of the Nuclear Science Division for the period of January 1, 1994, to December 31, 1994. This was a time of significant accomplishment for all of the programs in the Division. Assembly of the solar neutrino detector at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is well under way. All of the components fabricated by LBL were shipped to Sudbury early in the year and our efforts are now divided between assisting the assembly of the detector and preparing software for data analysis once the detector is operational in 1996. Much of the activity at the 88-Inch Cyclotron centered on Gammasphere. The {open_quotes}early implementation{close_quotes} phase of the detector ended in September. This phase was extremely successful, involving over 60 experiments with nearly 200 users from 37 institutions worldwide. The mechanical structure was installed and the final electronic system is expected to operate in March 1995. The Division concurrently hosted a conference on physics for large {gamma}-ray detector arrays at the Clark Kerr Campus at UC Berkeley in August. This was a very successful meeting, reflecting the enthusiasm for this field worldwide. Also at the Cyclotron, the progress toward weak interaction experiments using ultra-thin sources passed a major milestone with the trapping of radioactive {sup 21}Na atoms. We are now engaged in a major upgrade of the experimental area and the outlook is very promising for these novel experiments. Another highlight of research at the Cyclotron was the confirmation of element 106. This development allowed the original LLNL/LBL discovery team to move forward with their proposal to name this element seaborgium.


Summary. The onrush of beneficial change which now flows in medical education has never been stronger since the start of this century. Such activity has not been seen since the era of Flexner. There can be no doubt that the world scene is now set for decisive, effective action. The many tributaries of the stream of reform converge this year at Edinburgh, to diverge again into six Regional Conferences during 1994 in Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South‐East Asia and the Western Pacific. The centres of activity and connection cited below do not in any way make up a comprehensive catalogue. Rather, each development and each reform is a link in a chain, a module with which the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) has been implicated. Each name given, each title stated, is intended as a marker, a nexus. These are among the partners to be mobilized and brought together for the task.


Resume : Par une analyse du portrait complexe de l'excentrique pianiste et compositeur, Glenn Gould, que Francois Girard brosse dans Thirty Two Short Films about Glenn Gould, l'auteur etudie cette icone nationale a la lumiere des images multiples et contradictoires qui existent a l'interieur du film et en a parallele avec l'oeuvre. Girard questionne les concepts de biographie, de documentaire et de fiction tout en suggerant que la valeur culturelle de Gould est produite a la fois par des institutions comme le Canadian Broadcasting Corporation et par un reseau de relations entre la culture des medias globaux et la specificite de l'espace, du lieu, du travail et des notions de valeur. Some people think I'm eccentric because I carry around my own special chair for playing, wear two pairs of gloves in the summertime, soak my hands in hot water before a concert, or put on rubber gloves to go swimming.1 For Gould a musical work was an abstract entity that could be fully comprehended in the mind in the absence of performance, without even the recollection of sounds or of the physical means of production. A musical work thus existed beyond the sensory experience of it.2 It is the contrapuntal relation between these elements-the image of pianist, composer, and broadcaster Glenn Gould as eccentric and the Apollonian striving for transcendence in his art-that is the challenge of his cinematic representation. The reconciliation of these counterpoints is further complicated by the artist's function as national icon. What Francois Girard's film, Thirty Two Short Films About Glenn Gould (Canada, 1993), achieves is interesting for its treatment of the subject, neither conventionally linear drama nor documentary; it instead traces a path through multiple perspectives of Glenn Gould, demonstrating that the subject of Gould is a complex text formed through multiple and overlapping interpretations. It is a path through the imagined solitude of the North and the energy and chaos of the urban South, and this dialectic emerges in the representation of multiple subject positions for the artist, confounding essentialist formations of cultural production. In a description of the implications of Gould's approach to music, Edward Said points out, To master counterpoint is therefore in a way almost to play God.... Counterpoint is the total ordering of sound, the complete management of time, the minute subdivision of musical space, and absolute absorption for the intellect.... Gould's contrapuntal performances come as close as I can imagine to delivering an inkling of what might be at stake in the composition and performance of counterpoint, minus perhaps any grossly political import. Not the least of this achievement, however, is that he never recoils from the comic possibility that high counterpoint may only be a parody, pure form aspiring to the role of world-historical wisdom.3 Said suggests that counterpoint as authorial position is both manifest and deconstructed in Gould's music. While the challenge of the film director is to create a totality of time and musical (as well as visual) space, in accordance with Said's description of Gould's music, what we have with the film is likewise a series of images of the artist that circulates within a larger field of images in which the project of a singular totality is impossible, and this is what Said hints at in his "comic possibility" of counterpoint, understood in this case as parody of nationalist mythology. In this essay I am interested in the cultural conventions through which art and this artist are represented, and the process through which Girard's Gould raises useful questions of authorship. Indeed, what the film provides is a challenging intervention in debates over art and artists in relation to national culture. The release of this film coincided with substantial interest and posthumous scholarly debates over Gould's work and image. As Kevin Bazzana, in his published dissertation on Gould's performance style, notes, The surge of publicity surrounding his sudden death focused international attention on Gould, and led to a reassessment of his work. …


In C programming jargon, the scanf() is a input function. It can be used to input various types of multi data. However, when it is misused in inputting character strings, no or wrong value would be concluded. The thesis is to analyse the reasons of some chronic problems and offer appropriate usage of them.


To investigate the effect of PTW on the properties of PTFE composites,the surface modification and contents of PTW on the mechanical strength,thermal properties and wear resistance of PTFE composites were studied in this paper.The results showed that the surface energy of modified PTW decreased from 69.2 mJ/m~2to 50.7mJ/m~2,and dispersibility of PTW was obviously improved.Different from other fiber-filled PTFE composites,the tensile strength and toughness of PTW-PTFE composites can be increased simultaneously,meanwhile the heat deformation temperature and wear resistance are much higher than those of pure PTFE.At 5 wt% PTW content,the mentioned properties were increased by 19%、34%、3%、9%和1000% respectively.SEM showed that the internal structure of PTW-PTFE composites is more uniform and compact than glass fiber-PTFE composites.PTW-PTFE composites got the best mechanical and tribological properties when the filler content is between 5~10wt%,which is similar to some nano-composites.


A broad summary is made of the U.K. experience in sea-disposal of sewage sludge, embracing operations and effects, and control mechanisms, at disposal authority, national and international levels. The conclusion is reached that U.K. practice, while not perfect and in need of more research, is satisfactory and could be extended without causing environmental damage.


The reliability and safety of the digital I&C systems that implement safety functions are critical issues. In particular, software defects could result in common cause failures that defeat redundancy and defence-in-depth mechanisms. Unfortunately, the differences in current safety justification principles and methods for digital I&C restrict international co-operation and hinder the emergence of widely accepted best practices. These differences also prevent cost sharing and reduction, and unnecessarily increase licensing uncertainties, thus creating a very difficult operating environment for utilities, vendors and regulatory bodies. The European project HARMONICS (Harmonised Assessment of Reliability of MOdern Nuclear I&C Software) is seeking to develop a more harmonised approach to the justification of software-based I&C systems important to safety. This paper outlines the justification framework we intend to develop in HARMONICS. It will integrate three strategies commonly used in safety justifications of I&C system and its software: rule-based—evidence of compliance to accepted standards; goal-based—evidence that the intended behaviour and other claimed properties has been achieved; and risk-informed— evidence that unintended behaviour is unlikely. The paper will present general forms of safety case that can be adapted to a variety of specific topics.


This paper introduces three novel pointes the first one is creating the proposed tfsc,dfsc algorithm to sort the terms in N-gram model which effected goodly on the classification performance. The second one is proposing a new distance similarity method for N-gram model where the new method solves the problem of the difference in representation lengths among classes and documents. The third one is establishing a hybrid Center Profile Vector (CPV) classification model based on the modified N-gram and centroid classifier models. The hybrid (CPV) classification model gain a higher classification accuarcy beteer than N-gram and centroid models as the paper will show in the evaluation result. KeywordsHybrid CPV model, Text Classification, Centroid Classifier, N-gram, (tfsc,dfsc),VSM.


are associated with more advanced disease. Conventional treatments include antibiotics, corticosteroids and isotretinoin. Successful treatment of folliculitis decalvans with biologic therapy using the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa) inhibitor adalimumab has previously been described in case reports. This case report demonstrates that secukinumab may be a potential treatment option for refractory folliculitis decalvans, although larger studies are needed to support this theory.


31 patients, between the ages of 59 and 74 years, were referred to one onrthopaedic consultant as trochanteric bursitis. All were females. Of these 7 patients were diagnosed as osteoarthritis of the hip or underwent further investigations for spinal conditions. 24 patients were clinically diagnosed as trochanteric bursitis. All these patients had ultrasound examination of the hips by a radiologist with a special interest in musculoskeletal diseases. Except for one patient the rest had either gluteus medius inflammation or tears with or without involvement of gluteus minimus. All these patients with positive findings had 80mg of depomedrone injection under USG guidance. At 6 weeks follow up 21 had complete relief of symptoms. 4 had recurrence of symptoms at 3 months when they had another dose of depomedrone und USG guidance. At one year 18 were free of symptoms and the 3 with some recurrence of symptoms did not want any intervention. Discussion: Etiology of greater trochanteric pain syndrome has been a source of considerable debate. Empirical treatment with 'blind' steroid injection is the usual course of action. In unresolving trochanteric bursitis excision of trochanteric bursa has been advocated. Gluteus medius and minimus tears have been referred to as rotator cuff tears of the hip (1). Our study shows an association between trochanteric bursitis and 'rotator cuff tears of hip'. Ultrasound guided steroid injection can give a better success rate of 'hitting the right spot'. Further investigations are required to identify whether this association could be a cause and effect relationship.


The works o f Sebastian Moore have a curious half-existence in the theological world. I would not be surprised if many o f you had not heard his name before, though papers by him regularly appear in such places as Concilium and Downside Review . 1 His books live in that peculiar boundary between spirituality and theology, apparently meant for a popular though educated audience but with frequent ponderous and obscure passages which demand total concentration. One will search his books in vain for compendious footnotes and bibliographies or even an index. Similarly, one can search in vain for any extended serious theological consideration o f his ideas outside a relatively closed circle o f fellow travellers — his books, for example, have never been reviewed m o Theological Studies. However, despite this comparative neglect, I would suggest that he has a valuable contribution to make to theology and especially to the topic o f our conference -the Idea of Salvation.


Thermo-optic mechanism for plasmonics sensing of terahertz radiations is numerically and analytically investigated for metasurface formed from Graphene/SiO2 and simulated at room temperature. For this purpose, here, by considering coupling condition as well as strong light-matter interaction in graphene metasurface a very compact footprint in less than half of the wavelength is proposed. Also, for deep benchmark of structure at different temperature, tunable optical properties of graphene is considered. Subsequently, the numerical operation of the sensor fulfilled based 3-dimension finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) and also, the transfer matrix method (TMM) modelling is introduced. In order to investigate the relationship between the temperature variation and tunable behavior of the structure on the performance parameters, temperature is increased from 0 to 600 K in steps of 300, whereas the other parameters were fixed. Numerical results show that the max sensitivity and figure of merit (FoM) are more than 1140 nm/RIU and 5.1, respectively. Then, we numerically simulate the optical cross-section including absorption, scattering and total of them. Also, by harnessing of graphene's surface conductivity properties, we indicate the giant tunability and minimum transmittance of % 0.02 in frequency of 14 THz in which the best track of optical performance over a wide range of frequency is occurred. Eventually, a novel research direction of the software-defined metasurface is explained, which is tried to achieve the graphene-based metasurface toward unique in controllability and harnessing of the light. This proposed thermo-optical metasurface structure can be used as a nanosensor for exciting surface plasmons.


This study aims to explore how second language learners' performance in grammaticality judgment tests (GJTs) vary according to task stimulus and time constraint. Native speakers and learners of English read grammatical and ungrammatical sentences in timed and untimed settings. They were asked to judge the grammaticality of given sentences. In order to investigate the participants' online behaviors while performing the tasks, eye-tracking methodology was employed. In addition to their eye-movements while reading the test sentences, participants' answers and response times were recorded. Results indicated that time constraints and grammaticality of test items influenced second language learners' performances in GJTs. L2 participants responded more accurately in the untimed GJT, especially for ungrammatical items. Eye-movements data revealed that the learners had some level of online sensitivity toward grammaticality. The learners' moment-by-moment behavior while performing GJTs varied according to task stimulus.


Software-based self-test (SBST) has emerged as an effective strategy for non-concurrent on-line testing of processors integrated in embedded system applications. It offers the potential for on-line testing without any hardware overhead. However, test generation is usually based in a semi-automated approach and gate-level information is required for effective test program generation.In this paper we present a methodology for converting processor validation tests in order to perform automated directed random SBST routine generation, based on templates that are developed utilizing a combination of functional and high-level structural pattern generation approaches. The methodology is applied on the OpenRISC 1200 processor, easily achieving test coverage of 86.43%, using only low-effort gate-level independent code generation.


A magnetic spectrometer with two Wilson cameras is used for the separation of the air deuterons from the deuterons locally generated in the upper chamber by the nuclear-active component of cosmic radiation. 68 of the 104 registered deuterons are generated in the lead and 36 in the copper of the chamber walls. The effectiveness of deuteron generation by neutral and charged components of the cosmic radiation, the impulse spectrum of the deuteron generation, the estimation of the deuteron differential cross section of generation in the medium of the upper chamber, and the possible theoretical proof of the observed results are discussed. (TCO)


Geotechnical shaking table tests were conducted using the E-Defense facility to investigate the response and failure of a nearly full-scale pile-structure system in a liquefiable sand deposit subjected to multi-dimensional loading. A soil-pile-foundation system consisting of a foundation supported on a 3x3 steel pile group in a dry sand deposit was set in a cylindrical laminar box and then moved on to the shaking table for saturation of the ground, placement of a superstructure, if any, and the liquefaction tests. The sand deposit consisted of two layers including an underlying non-liquefiable dense sand layer and a liquefiable medium dense sand layer. Two types of ground motion having different predominant periods were used as input two-dimensional motions. The test results give detailed information on the distributions of bending strain and axial strain within the pile group as well as the ground response and pore water pressure generation in the soil around the piles. Not only the maximum acceleration but also the type of the input motion significantly affects the occurrence of soil liquefaction as well as soil-pile-structure interaction. All the pile heads yielded during the final test with high-level of input acceleration, causing residual deformation and settlement of the foundation. The pile damage was particularly significant on the leading side of the strong axis of the inertial force and ground displacement, suggesting that the difference in deformation mode of piles was affected by the difference in both axial strains and bending strains within the pile group.


Summary The mineral assemblages of the pelitic rocks of the chlorite and biotite zones of the Kumaon Himalaya are characteristic of the quartz–albite–muscovite–cnlorite and quartz–albite–epidote–biotite sub-facies of the greenschist facies. The appearance of garnet in the sericite–chlorite pelites is due to bulk composition which plots above the muscovite–chlorite join in the AKF diagram. The variation in composition of coexisting sericite and chlorite is related to bulk composition of the rock.


Even there seemed to be general knowledge that physical activity enhanced spatial cognitive performance almost none experimental studies on this influence exist. For that the influence of physical activity on mental rotation per-formance is investigated in this study. Mental rotation is the ability to imagine how an object would look if rotated away from the original orientation. Two groups of 44 students of educational science each solved a psychometrical mental rotation task with three-dimensional block figures. After this, the participants of the physical activity group took part in a sport lesson, whereas the participants of the cognitive activity group attended an oral lesson of kinematics. Both lessons took 45 minutes. Thereafter, all participants solved the mental rotation task again. The results showed that the participants of the physical activity group improved their mental rotation performance whereas the participants of the cognitive activity showed no improvement.


. The usefulness of isozyme and protein markers in identifying tilapia species and their hybrids is demonstrated Genetic characterization of Oreochromis niloticus populations from commercial farms, experimental stations, and government hatcheries in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao in the Philippines indicates well-established introgression with O mossambicus Genetic differentiation of the O niloticus stocks, measured by Nei's genetic distance, was highly correlated with O mossambicus gene content The implications of these results for tilapia genetic improvement are discussed.


Trafficking in human beings is today a global phenomenon with global consequences. Within trafficking in human beings are specifics such as women trafficking, children trafficking and women and children trafficking. Although trafficking in women and children is going to be the subject matter of this paper, trafficking in human being generally is an old phenomenon with a positive effect, until it became abused from the pre-colonial days to now. Culturally, some aspects of Yoruba people"s culture are consistent with it. Unlike the position of the United Nations which prohibits extracting labor from women and children under certain age, the Yoruba culture encourages it. A Yoruba proverb "ati kekere laa ti pee kan iroko, to ba dagba tan apa ko nii kaa mo" (children are better caught and molded when they are young, or else it would be difficult to do so when they are grown up), tells us why. The Yoruba believe in the virtue of training children from tender ages in some forms of trade and craft However, the noble cultural intention of catching and molding children at tender age has been given a dehumanizing tar by modern day trafficking in women and children, locally and internationally. This paper intends to examine trafficking in women and children in the pre-colonial, colonial and post colonial periods with the aim of establishing and understanding the motivational (?) nexus of the operators of these illegal trades across the ages. GJHSS A Classification : FOR Code : 160803, 160505, 160507 Trafficking in Women and Children in Yoruba land The Pre-Colonial, Colonial and Post Colonial Situations Compared Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: Trafficking in Women and Children in Yoruba land: The PreColonial, Colonial and Post Colonial Situations Compared Abstract Trafficking in human beings is today a global phenomenon with global consequences. Within trafficking in Trafficking in human beings is today a global phenomenon with global consequences. Within trafficking in human beings are specifics such as women trafficking, children trafficking and women and children trafficking. Although trafficking in women and children is going to be the subject matter of this paper, trafficking in human being generally is an old phenomenon with a positive effect, until it became abused from the pre-colonial days to now. Culturally, some aspects of Yoruba people"s culture are consistent with it. Unlike the position of the United Nations which prohibits extracting labor from women and children under certain age, the Yoruba culture encourages it. A Yoruba proverb "ati kekere laa ti pee kan iroko, to ba dagba tan apa ko nii kaa mo" (children are better caught and molded when they are young, or else it would be difficult to do so when they are grown up), tells us why. The Yoruba believe in the virtue of training children from tender ages in some forms of trade and craft However, the noble cultural intention of catching and molding children at tender age has been given a dehumanizing tar by modern day trafficking in women and children, locally and internationally. This paper intends to examine trafficking in women and children in the pre-colonial, colonial and post colonial periods with the aim of establishing and understanding the motivational (?) nexus of the operators of these illegal trades across the ages. rafficking in women and children was initially informed by training of children at tender age in the business of trading and engagements in other forms of work. Among cultural factors that encouraged this in Yorubaland were systems of marriage that was essentially polygamous, economy, traditional trading (including slave trade), marketing and other social roles such as ceremonies (naming, marriage, death or house warming), information gathering and dissemination. Women and children were culturally considered fit to do this because while women were imbued by what Ogunremi termed "Freedom of talking and walking"; children were allowed to follow their parents (mothers in particular) to farms, markets and on trading and thereby receiving tutelage on what their parents were engaged in. In doing these, women and children criss-cross neighboring villages, towns or kingdoms. But they were, sometimes, in the process, exposed to dangers such as kidnapping, raping, forced marriage, (where the woman concerned was a beautiful one) and slavery. The focus of this paper is to explore the mechanism of how Yoruba cultural activities encouraged women and child trafficking that resulted in kidnapping for ritual purposes, rape, forced marriages, labor and, sometimes, slavery in the pre-colonial days. A comparison of this with postcolonial transatlantic and transcontinental trafficking in women and children would as well be made. A word or term that needs clarification here is "traffic". Four distinct dictionary meanings of the word "traffic" are provided by Hornby. But the one relevant for our purpose here is the one on "numbers of people or the amount of goods moved from one place to another by road, rail, sea or air" . Thus, trafficking, that is the movement of a "number of people or the amount of goods moved from one place to another by road, rail, sea or air" is legal if due process of doing so is strictly adhered to especially where it requires obtaining passport and visa or declaring goods being trafficked before Custom and Excise. But it becomes illegal if these due processes of obtaining passport and visa or declaration of goods before Custom and Excise are sidetracked. In the pre-colonial days, those women and children who in the course of their "traffic" were kidnapped and put in "trafficking" as slaves and serfs constituted illegal trafficking. Conceptually however, Agnes sees human trafficking as "simply a modern day slavery which involves the recruitment, transportation, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of fraud, deceit or T 49 © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) 2 0 12 G lo b a l J o u r n a l o f H um an S o ci al S ci e n ce V ol um e X II I ss ue X I V er si on I


The Common Read is designed to provide a common experience and sense of community for students transitioning to college life at Georgia Southern University.


Small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises face the problem of insufficient product innovation capabilities to integrate market with innovation. Many enterprises do not realize that industrial design can bring strong market competitiveness and potential economic benefits. Therefore, by studying the product innovation in the development process of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, this paper expounds the role of the industrial design in promoting product innovation of these enterprises, and suggests small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises to use industrial design to promote product innovation. Keywords—Industrial design; Small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises; Product innovation


It analyzes the status of the task assignment problem and its deficiency,considering the task difficulty-coefficient,obligation,experience,workload balancing,capability,social relationships,interest and the task execution time is expected to impact on the task assignment.It puts forward the task assignment strategy based on the dynamic impact factors.


A composite medium consisting of small metallic particles in a dielectric host exhibits strong absorption at the surface plasmon resonance. This resonance causes the deep red color of gold colloids that has motivated several models of the optical properties of composite media. The Maxwell-Garnett1 theory is one of the earliest and simplest of these models, and it remains an excellent approximation to the dielectric function of composite media for small particles and small fill-fractions.


The betting strategy proposed in Hausch, Ziemba and Rubinstein (1981) and Ziemba and Hausch (1984,1987) has had considerable some success in North American place and show pools. The place pool is England is very different. This paper applies a similar strategy with appropriate modifications for places bet at British racetracks. The system or minor modifications also applies in a number of other countries such as Singapore with similar betting rules. The system appears to provide positive expectation wagers. However, with the higher track take it is not known how often profitable wagers will exist or what the long run performance might be.


The paper introduces the state feedback control theory of discrete event systems with forced events in the setting of automaton-based models. A control specification is given in terms of predications on the set of states. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a controller are shown to achieve a prescribed behavior. A controller is constructed to prove theorems. The result is an extension of the controller obtained by some other researchers.


Total genomic DNA of four tomato varieties and their parents was extracted by using CTAB method.DNA fingerprinting maps of four tomato varieties and their parents were established by AFLP-PCR method.The results showed that nine primers from 20 primers were selected.The amplified polymorphic bands of the parents were from 10 to 27,and the average bands was 17.56,the percentage of polymorphic bands was 41.25%.The purity of seven parents was 100%,and that of the tomato varieties was 98.7%.The genetic similarity coefficients of four varieties and their parents were from 0.48 to 0.71 and from 0.62 to 0.76.The cluster analysis was conducted and the genetic similarity coefficient was calculated by using UPGMA method.This study will provide the theory basis for tomato cross breeding and cultivars identification.


A comparative study on the potential of phytoremediation on Lemna minor and Lemna gibba for the removal of different concentrations of cadmium was carried out. The duckweed species were treated with a wide range of cadmium concentrations in the environment [1030 μg L] for seven days. Plant growth was stimulated at 10 and 15 μg L, while higher concentrations unfavourably affected plant growth. It was observed that the metal considerably impaired chloroplast ultra-structure and caused a significant reduction in pigment content and progressively increased from 20 to 30 μg L compared to the control, indicating that cadmium induced considerable oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzymes were generally significantly increased in the presence of cadmium in a dose-dependent manner. Cadmium accumulations in duckweed species were increased with increasing cadmium concentration in growth medium. The maximum BCF values for root and shoot tissues were obtained for 15 μg Lcadmium, which indicated that both species were cadmium hyper accumulators. In addition, most of the cadmium accumulated in the roots, but some was also trans-located and accumulated in the fronds. However, L. minor was shown to have a slightly better performance in removing cadmium and more tolerant, when compared with L. gibba.


Parallel operating lists are a contentious subject. Many people feel that supervision, training and quality of patient care is negatively affected and consider this an outdated model in modern practice. Dual and parallel lists have been largely abandoned due to training committees9 opinions that standards of orthopaedic training were being negatively affected. A new model of dual lists was implemented in a district general hospital as part of an arthroplasty service. The training impact was evaluated. Adjacent theatres were utilised for a single session. Two joint replacement surgeries were undertaken in each theatre. The sequential timing of the lists allowed the consultant to perform or supervise all of the operations in a consecutive manor. Staggering the start times allowed the consultant to approach and implant the first joint replacement, leaving the junior doctor or nurse practitioner to close the first operation and get the patient off the table while the consultant transferred to the adjoining theatre where the registrar had positioned, painted and draped the second patient, allowing the consultant to perform or supervise the second surgery. The process was then repeated until all four cases were performed. Evaluation of two registrar9s elogbooks was undertaken and compared to the national average. During a twelve month period the trainees was involved in a mean of 72 joint replacement surgeries compared to a national average of 49. The trainees were the primary surgeon in a significantly higher number of operations compared to the national average. This model of sequential operating lists facilitated a service of high volume arthroplasty surgeries and significantly increased the exposure of the training registrar to joint replacements. Supervision of trainees was not significantly impacted. The model requires effective support services and a dedicated team of theatre staff, but can be very rewarding for consultant surgeon and trainee alike.


Aid or trade: that is often the alternative considered in the fight to relieve poverty. The debate also regularly swings between market solutions and publicly- or privately-funded aid mechanisms. In reality, this alternative is over-simplistic. The daily reality for the world's poor seems to consist primarily of a tangle of aid-based and market-based relationships, and the survival strategies deployed by poor communities take no account of this distinction. At the same time, and as if mirro...


Existing algorithms for finding restriction endonuclease recognition sites use brute-force algorithms which run in time 0(NM) where N is the number of nucleotides in the sequence under analysis and M is the total number of nucleotides in all the different sites being searched for. This paper presents a deterministic finite state machine algorithm which runs in time 0(N). Memory use can be as high as 0(M4) but a slight modification to the basic algorithm can impose a theoretical upper bound of 0(M) at the cost of some added complexity in the execution of the state machine. The algorithm can operate with a single pass through the sequence under analysis, with no need to back up or (for non-circular sequences) store more than a single input character at a time. This type of algorithm can be adapted to many pattern-matching tasks and is simple enough to implement in hardware that it could, for example, be built into a disk controller as part of a specialized database machine.


Electrons organize themselves into atoms; atoms organize themselves into molecules; molecules organize themselves into crystals and into cells. Cells organize themselves into colonies, into plants, and into animals. Animals organize themselves into colonies, into swarms, into hives, and into families. Families organize themselves into clans; clans organize themselves into tribes; tribes organize themselves into leagues and into kingdoms; kingdoms organize themselves into empires. And in our own day, empires have been making crude but unmistakable efforts to organize themselves into a world-wide League of Nations.


Gail Whiteman learned to be a beaver trapper by working in the field with a Cree tallyman in Eastern James Bay, Québec. An account of her managerial experiences and some potential lessons for organizations were reported in Whiteman and Cooper (2000). Central to her managerial experience was the sense of being ecologically embedded – literally being grounded in the local ecology. From that experience we suggested that resources are more likely to be cared for if managers have a strong ecological sense of who and where they are. Banerjee and Linstead (2004) have provided an extensive critique of our article. We itemize the sins with which we are charged and provide responses to the more central criticisms. We close by reiterating the purpose of the original article and what we continue to believe are the virtues of the main points.


Human trafficking is a problem which keeps growing bigger. Meanwhile, the cases of the problem until recently revealed are just small parts of it. The analogy can be described like an iceberg, small at the surface, but very large indeed inside. The problem of human trafficking can be categorized as a social problem. This is because the occurrence does not stand alone, but there are factors that encourage the emergence of the problem, namely factors of poverty, employment, education, migration, family, social and cultural conditions and the lack of attention to the mass media.
Based on the problem, the purpose of the research is to reveal the elements, the locations and the link between entertainment industry and potency that can encourage the emergence of human trafficking in South Kalimantan. To reveal them all, theoretical review as a tool to analyze is framework theories. Trafficking when linked to this concept is considered social deviation.
The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative to enable researchers to freely detail and describe the events as well as explore the data. Thus, the potency of the emergence of human trafficking can be identified and described well.
The results show that the most dominant factors driving the emergence of trafficking are economic factor and low education. In addition, potential locations of human trafficking are entertainment venues, hotels, beauty salons, localization, dimly lit stalls and Indonesian workers agencies. These locations are vulnerable areas and these sites can grow well in areas where an industry is also growing, especially coal mining industry.
Keywords: Potency, Human Trafficking


The quality index of Shenmu semi-coke is investigated to study its application characteristics, combined with the quality index of Shenmu raw coal and anthracite. Through the analysis of semi-coke products and the environmental protection characteristics in the production process, the ideas for cleaner production are provided. The industrial development countermeasures are put forward based on the development and future demand of Shenmu semi-coke industry.


A study was carried out during 1991 to study cyclic variation in the production and price of potato (Solanum tuherosum 1.) in the Khasi hills. Data on production and wholesale prices of potato for the study area Were collcetcd for 24 years (1964-65 to 1987-88). Fourier analysis was done to compute the Fourier coefficients for finding out the hypothesized length of the cycle. The correlogram analysis helped in distinguishing between 3 types of oscillatory series, viz moving average, auto-regressive schemes and harmonic terms. The analysis revealed that regular cycles of a given length appeared both in production and prices. The production and price cycles did not persist in uniform manner. The amplitude of the swing in the price cycle was larger than that in the production cycle. The variation in production and price of potato was lower in recent years (1986--87 and 1987-88) than in early years (1964-65, 1965-66 and 1966-67). The lesser variation in recent years might be due to the improvement in varieties. package of practices and marketing systems. The appropriate, timely, well-designed price policies may be the solution to stabilize price and increase the level of production.


Numerical investigation was conducted on the full-three-dimensional flow in the last three stages of steam turbine using by the commercial computational flow dynamics software CFX. And the equilibrium condensation model was adopted to describe the wet steam two phase flows. This article analyzes the internal flow of the turbine with tip clearance and the structure of the leakage flow.


Held epilating device comprising: a housing (10) to be gripped with one hand by the user; a cylinder (40) rotatably mounted in said housing and having a longitudinal axis, bearing said rotating cylinder a plurality of units (50) row of spaced clamping circumferentially about said longitudinal axis, each comprising one of said units pinching row at least one set of blades (61, 71; 71A) arranged along said longitudinal axis; a plurality of bars (101, 102; 101A, 102A) actuator, which are arranged circumferentially around said longitudinal axis and associated with said units pinching row, respectively, extending each of said actuator bars through said rotary cylinder and being driven to move along said longitudinal axis to move at least one of the blades of each unit pinching row against, and out of, the adjacent blade catching and pinching body hairs between both; a drive mechanism (21, 22, 41, 110) for driving said actuator bars to reciprocally move along said longitudinal axis while it is rotating the rotary cylinder about the longitudinal axis for pinching the body hairs between the adjacent blades and remove hair from the skin of the wearer; all being circumferentially spaced actuator bars commonly coupled to a single spring (120) so that return are pushed thereby disengaging direction of the blade relative to the adjacent blade.


Web usage mining involves application of data mining techniques to discover usage patterns from the web data. Clustering is one of the important functions in web usage mining. The likelihood of bad...


Governance is about how local government bodies ensure that they are doing the right things, in the right way, for the right people.


【Objective】 To summarize the long-term result of posterior 360 degree fusion for the spondylolisthesis and instability of lumbar spine,and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this operation.【Method】 We came to use the posterior instrumented 360 degree fusion technique to treat the spondylolisthesis and instability of lumbar spine from 2001,and completed 228 cases.We selected 102 patients who were treated with only one segment fusion and followed up for at least 2 years,of them 75 cases suffered lumbar spondylolisthesis,27 cases suffered degenerative lumbar instability.X-ray was used to evaluate the fusion condition of the bone graft,and VAS,ODI questionnaire and Hou Shuxun Criterion were applied to assess the pain of back and leg,and the conventional functions.【Result】 All the selected patients were followed up for 24 to 84 months,averaged 43 months,99 patients get bone fusion,accounted for 97.1%.The VAS of low back pain was 6.82 ± 1.33 before operation,while 3.11 ± 1.05 after operation.And the VAS of Leg pain was 8.25 ± 1.84 before operation,while 4.32 ± 1.08 after operation.The ODI before operation was(68.6 ± 14.7)%,while after operation(13.7 ± 1.6)%.Based on Hou Shuxun Criterion,the efficacy was as follows: excellent,40 cases;good,46 cases;acceptable,13 cases;bad,3 cases.The rate of excellent and good: 84.3%.【Conclusion】 The long-term result of posterior 360 degree fusion for the spondylolisthesis and instability of lumbar spine is satisfactory.With its merits,we can achieve a high fusion rate and get good clinical results.


Three new mite species, Acaropsis shorkotiensis, Cheletogenes dissitus and Cheyletus baridos, are described. A key to species of the genera Acaropsis and Cheyletus recorded from Pakistan and a key to the species of the genus Cheletogenes from the world, are presented.


mus, saccade, smooth pursuit and optokinetic examination were provided We provide an outline of the responses in optokinetic nystagmus testing, including gaze-evoked nystagmus, rebound nystagmus, saccade, and smooth pursuit. The history and underlying physiology, the comprehensive testing procedure and representative findings are described. In Japan, "gaze-nystagmus" refers to gaze-evoked nystagmus and spontaneous nystagmus under eye fixation; the former is caused mainly by damage of the paramedian pontine reticular formation, and the latter by imbalance of peripheral vestibular function. Rebound nystagmus includes directional alternation of gaze-evoked nystagmus during lateral fixation, and also alternation immediately after change of the gaze direction from lateral to forward. Congenital nystagmus is also characterized by bi-directional gaze-evoked nystagmus, although sometimes it takes the form of pendular nystagmus. Opsoclonus and ocular flutter manifest as bi-directional saccade movements without inter-saccadic intervals, caused by cerebellar disinhibition of neuronal bursts. On the other hand, square-wave jerks are characterized by saccadic intrusions with inter-saccadic intervals of about 200―400 ms. Saccadic ocular movements are controlled by neuronal bursts, which are integrated at the neural integrator, to maintain lateral gaze. Omnipause neurons continuously inhibit this neuron bursting, and loss of this inhibition causes saccade movements. This system is controlled through the superior colliculus. Dysmetria of saccade movements is caused by cerebellar deficit. Smooth tracking movements are used to fix the images of moving objects on the fovea. Velocity information for such tracking is delivered through the medial vestibular nucleus and nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, which receive neural projections from the cerebellar flocculus. Cerebellar dysfunction causes saccadic pursuit, which is considered as being attributable to decreased gain of pursuit and consequent catch-up saccade. Accelerating head movements trigger the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which fixate one's visual line on an object. However, uniform head motion cannot trigger the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and requires another system; in this case, it is achieved by pursuit and optokinetic eye movements. The optokinetic reflex is disturbed by cerebellar deficit, which causes decreased gain of the optokinetic reflex and consequent catch-up saccade. Congenital nystagmus may also manifest as saccadic optokinetic nystagmus, which exhibits directional "inversion." シリーズ教育講座「めまい平衡検査の原点から現状,そして未来へ」


The laminar-flow viscosity of ocean and other natural waters consists of a Newtonian aqueous component contributed by water and salts, and a non-Newtonian one contributed mainly by exopolymeric polymers (EPS) derived largely from planktonic algae and bacteria. Phytoplankton and EPS form thin layers in stratified waters, often associated with density discontinuities. A recent model (Jenkinson and Sun, 2011. J. Plankton Res., 33, 373–383) investigated possible thalassorheological control of pycnocline thickness (PT) by EPS secreted by the harmful dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. The model, based on published measurements of viscosity increase by this species, found that whether it can influence PT depends on the relationship between increased viscosity, deformation rates/stresses and length scale, which the present work has investigated. To do this, flow rate vs. hydrostatic pressure (and hence wall stress) was measured in cultures (relative to that in reference water) in capillaries of 5 radii 0.35–1.5 mm, close to oceanic-turbulence Kolmogorov length. We compared cultures of the potentially harmful algae, K. mikimotoi, Alexandrium catenella, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Skeletonema costatum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the bacterium Escherichia coli. Drag increase, ascribed to rheological thickening by EPS, occurred in the smallest capillaries, but drag reduction (DR) occurred in the largest ones. Since this occurred at Reynolds numbers Re too small for turbulence (or turbulent DR) to occur, this was laminar-flow DR. It may have been superhydrophobic DR (SDR), associated with the surfaces of the plankton and bacteria. SDR is associated with the self-cleaning Lotus-leaf Effect, in which water and dirt are repelled from surfaces bearing nmto mm-sized irregularities coated with hydrophobic polymers. Because DR decreased measured viscosity and EPS thickening increased it, we could not validate the model. DR, however, represents hitherto unknown phenomenon in the oceans. Along with rheological thickening, Laminar-Flow DR may represent a new tool for plankton to manage ambient flow fields. & 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


A sound insulating structure of a building is provided to make pleasant environment by absorbing the shock and noise transferred from the upper floor effectively and preventing a leakage of water. A sound insulating structure of a building for insulation and noise prevention includes a sound insulating member(14) placed on the bottom(10) of a building and composed of an upper cap(11) having a through hole and many elastic projections, an elastic spring(13) providing elastic force to the upper cam between the upper cap and the fixing plate and a fixing plate(12) fixing the upper cap and having an elastic ring with an elastic projection, a vertical bar fixing the elastic ring and many elastic projections to absorb shock, a fixing panel(16) provided with a primary waterproofing layer(15) made of an expandable resin composition and placed on the upper part of the sound insulating member to prevent a leakage of water, a primary sound absorbing layer(17) made of an expandable resin composition and placed on the upper part of the fixing panel to absorb shock, a sound insulating plate(w) made of a wood panel and placed on the upper part of the primary sound absorbing layer, a secondary waterproofing layer(15') made of an expandable resin composition and placed on the upper part of the sound insulating plate, a secondary sound absorbing layer(17') placed on the upper part of the secondary waterproofing layer, a pipeline(18) arranged on the upper part of the secondary sound absorbing layer, and a wire mesh(19) and cement mortar(20) placed on the upper part of the pipeline.


For many years sc cavities have been designed and tested in Juelich: The 5-cell elliptical prototype cavity for the ESS was measured in a horizontal bath cryostat. A vertical test cryostat was installed to characterize the Halve Wave Resonators (HWRs) for the COSY linac project and several spoke-type cavities. During the measurements of the 352 MHz triple-spoke cavity (designed and built within the HIPPI collaboration) a 2K operation was established using some refurbished pumps from the University of Wuppertal. First experiences with the 2 K operation, sometimes hindered by thermoacoustic oscillations, and the final results of the 352 MHz spoke-cavity will be presented. Furthermore, we will report on the cryomodule performance, built for the Half Wave Resonators. Currently, one prototype cavity was completed with a titanium helium cover and installed into the cryostat. The whole system with one cavity is now ready for first RF tests. ESS 500MHz Test-Cavity First experience with superconductive cavities at Forschungszentrum Juelich was made during the studies of a superconductive alternative for the ESS linac [1]. A complete test module (a horizontal bath cryostat including a 5-cell elliptical medium-beta β=0.75 cavity) was realized in co-operation with industry [2] in order to supplement the design work by experimental investigations (Fig. 1). The 500MHz elliptical cavity was operated for tests with RF-power up to 40 kW in the proposed pulse scheme of the ESS long pulse and short pulse version. The cavity reached the design value of Eacc_cw=5MV/m in CW and about Eacc_pulsed=11MV/m in pulsed mode operation.


Preference measurement is commonly used to identify customer needs and to create products that satisfy these needs. Over the past few decades, most researchers have focused on developing new survey or estimation methods. However, researchers were paying little attention to the selection of attributes and levels for preference measurement. This study provides an overview of the common methods currently in use to define attribute sets for conjoint analysis, and it extends previous research by proposing an evoked set-based attribute selection method (EVAS). The EVAS is intended to aid the selection of appropriate attributes and levels by focusing on products that are acceptable from the consumer's perspective. An empirical study of this approach reveals that the applicability of attribute sets increases, and implausible estimates can be avoided.


Currently there is a lot of emphasis on engineering education research (EER) and engineering education innovation (EEI). In the EER domain, several universities have established or are considering establishing engineering education research centers and PhD programs. In the EEI domain, the National Academy of Engineering launched the Frontiers of Engineering Education (FOEE) symposium and NSF recast CCLI as TUES, and more recently IUSE (Improving Undergraduate STEM Education). In 2014 NSF funded a pilot implementation of the NSF Innovation Corps for Learning (I-Corps™ L) and additional cohorts have been conducted and are planned. The growth of interest in the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) has great potential to contribute to EER and EEI as indicated by the response to the ASEE Virtual Communities of Practice (VCP) project. Faculty and graduate students interested in engineering education research and innovation (EER&I) are widely distributed and often isolated in their department and institution. Many are eager to meet and interact with colleagues who have similar interests. This session provides the opportunity to for people who have been involved in engineering education research and innovation to reconnect, and to welcome new folks into this emerging community.


Tactile devices are commonly used for pattern recognition learning by people with visual impairments. However, it is often difficult for such persons to recognize the detailed and mathematical shape of objects when using such devices. The primary difficulty is gaining a sufficiently accurate understanding of the shape of an object to permit its correct reconstruction based on tactile device feedback. Furthermore, people with visual impairments have less opportunity to discern visual images and must therefore apply their own sense of understanding to the shape of an object as gained from the tactile experiences. Thus, they are often not sure if it reflects the actual shape. To solve this problem, we propose a pattern recognition technique utilizing auditory labels based on a contour chain code. Using a Freeman chain, object shapes are represented as a sequence of steps, each in one of eight directions; each step is designated by an integer from 0 to 7. Our proposed method takes advantage of Freeman chain codes in order to present the detailed shape of objects. This report describes our proposed method and presents experimental results that verify its effectiveness in support of mathematical education efforts for visually impaired persons.


The publication of John Rawls' A Theory of Justice in 1972 inaugurated a new era in Anglo-American political theory by providing a sophisticated and complex paradigm of liberal political diagnosis of and prescription for contemporary society; it resulted in a flood of detailed analyses and discussions of Rawls' proposals in the large and in the small, and also brought forth (in the form of Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State and Utopia) a counterblast from the libertarian Right which was of commensurate scope and vigour. In the present decade, however, the challenge to Rawlsian liberalism has taken on a new guise—one which it is the purpose of this paper to explore.


In this work we present the main results concerning an accurate line shape analysis on acetylene lines in the spectral region around 3 {mu}m. We clearly demonstrate the influence of Dicke narrowing as well as correlations between velocity-changing and dephasing collisions and the speed-dependent effects on Xe-broadened lines. In the low pressure regime the correlations are the main effect responsible for the line asymmetry while for high pressure (several hundred Torr) the speed-dependent effects predominate. This work constitutes the experimental evidence of the influence of such kind of effects on the line profiles of a nonpolar molecule, except H{sub 2}. The influence of the choice of the theoretical profile describing the line shape on the fitted line parameters is also discussed and the Xe-broadening and shift parameters were found for six C{sub 2}H{sub 2} lines.


................................................................................................................... ii Declaration .............................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgement of help ...................................................................................... iv Thank you dedication .............................................................................................. v Table of contents .................................................................................................... vi List of tables and figures ....................................................................................... vii CHAPTER ONE-Introduction and Literature Review ........................... 1 Background to the Study ......................................................................................... 1 a) Theoretical Framework Social Constructionist.. .............................................. 4 b) CCTV .................................................................................................................. 8 Introduction ................................................................................................. 9 Historical Development of CCTV ............................................................. 10 Open-Street CCTV: Review of UK Literature and Overseas .................... 13 International Usage of CCTV .................................................................... 18 OpenStreet CCTV in Australia ............................................................... 20 Public Awareness, the Media and Police Issues ........................................ 27 Media ......................................................................................................... 33 The Police and CCTV ................................................................................ 34 Criticisms of CCTV Surveillance .............................................................. 35 c) Fear of Crime ..................................................................................................... 43 Introduction ............................................................................................... 44 Fear of Crime and its Measurement .......................................................... 45 Fear of Crime the Literature .................................................................... 48 Explaining Fear of Crime .......................................................................... 50 Vulnerability .............................................................................................. 50 Victimisation and Past Experience of Crime ............................................. 56 Environmental Factors ............................................................................... 58 Psychological Factors ................................................................................ 59 The Consequences of Fear of Crime ......................................................... 60 Strategies for Reducing Fear of Crime ...................................................... 62 Conclusion ................................................................................................. 65 Research Questions ................................................................................................ 66 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................... 66 CHAPTER TWO Methodology ...................................................................... 68 Study A (Qualitative Component) ......................................................................... 6 9 Target Population ...................................................................................... 6 9 Design ........................................................................................................ 70 Instruments ................................................................................................ 70 Procedure ................................................................................................... 71 Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 71 Limitations ................................................................................................. 72 Study B (Quantitative Component) ....................................................................... 73 Target Population ...................................................................................... 73 Design ........................................................................................................ 74 Instruments ................................................................................................ 74 Reliability and Validity ............................................................................. 76 Procedure ................................................................................................... 7 6 Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 77 Limitations ................................................................................................. 78 CHAPTER THREE -Results ............................................................................ 80 Study A .................................................................................................................. 81 Study B .......................... ........................................................................................ 85 CHAPTER FOUR Discussion ....................................................................... 125 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 126 Limitations ........................................................................................................... 139 Future Research ................................................................................................... 141 RE FE REN CES .................................................................................................. 143 APPENDICES .................................................................................................... 151 A: Qualitative Interview Guide ........................................................................... 151 B: Information Sheet for Interviews .................................................................... 154 C: Consent Form .......................... ....................................................................... 156 D: Questionnaire ......................................................................................... .... ..... 158 E: Disclosure Statement ................................................................... ............ ....... 168 F: Letter for Participants ..................................................................................... 170 CCTV and Safety vii List of Tables ............................................................................................. . page Table 1 ........................................................................................... ........................ 20 Number of open-street CCTV systems in Australia by State or Territory Table 2 ................................................................................................................... 22 Year of installation and number of cameras of CCTV systems in Australia Table 3 ................................................................................................................... 28 Effectiveness of CCTV Table 4 ................................................................................................................... 86 Ethnicity Table 5 .................................................................................................... . .............. 87 Descriptive statistics of why women visit Northbridge Table 6 ........................................................................................................... ........ 88 Descriptive statistics Purpose of CCTV Table 7 ................................................................................................................... 90 Descriptive statistics Effectiveness of CCTV Table 8 ................................................................................................................... 94 Descriptive statistics Attitudes and feelings towards CCTV Table 9 ................................................................................................................... 97 Descriptive statistics -Feelings of security in Northbridge Table 1 0 ............................................................................................................... 104 Descriptive statistics -Places where women feel concerned for their safety List of figures Graph 1 .................................................................................................................. 85 Age of Participants Graph 2 ............................... .................................................................... ............... 89 Reversed mean scores for purposes of CCTV Graph 3 ......................................................................... ......................................... 9 1 Reversed mean scores for effectiveness of CCTV Graph4 ........... ............... ........................................................................................ 95 Reversed mean scores for feelings about CCTV Graph 5 ................................................................................................................ 103 Means of crimes that women are most concerned about


【Objective】 Review literature and discuss the clinical curative effect of artery perfusion combines with chemotherapy to high-risk recurrent bladder cancer.【Methods】 To counter the 3 case of high-risk recurrent bladder cancer patients due to age,frail and can't tolerance anesthesia and Surgery,using one side iliac artery permanent embolism,Opposite side iliac artery permanent implant chemotherapy using chemotherapy pump,and chemotherapy.【Results】 We followed up two years and eight months.One case of the three patients hematuria disappear,tumor reduce,the other cases of tumor disappear.【Conclusion】 For high-risk recurrent bladder cancer because of can't tolerate the surgery,Artery perfusion using chemotherapy medicine combines with chemotherapy is a relatively ideal choice.Not only improve the patient's quality of life,but also extend the patient's survival.


In a time when the sustainable management of energy resources has become increasingly important, e orts have been made so that the transmission systems can exhibit the highest e ciency possible in the most various systems. The energy costs cover not only the expenditure on operation, but the whole process from the assembly, disassembly or transport. Thus, the use of lighter equipment bene ts the environment. In 2007, the emergence of the concept of "Low loss gears" led to the creation of new tooth geometries which can be up to three times more e cient than the ones of ordinary gears. It is believed that the possibility of making lighter or even more e cient gears can also be achieved through the use of other materials. During this work, tests to thermal and load capacities were performed on type C14 POM gears under oil bath lubrication in an FZG test rig. After the rst idea about the material behaviour under this type of conditions was obtained, tests under controlled temperature at constant speed and load were performed in order to evaluate the material resistance. Finally, tests of POM low-loss gears were performed under controlled temperature and load in order to evaluate the allowed life time extension.


Diagnosis of faults in induction motor is an indispensable process in industries to improve the reliability of the machine and reduce the financial loss. Among the various faults occurring in induction motors (IM), bearing fault is the predominant one which covers nearly 60% of faults. In this paper, a study of the electromagnetic field of an induction motor with bearing fault fed from both the mains and a three phase voltage source PWM inverter in open loop is carried out using Finite element method (FEM). Electromagnetic field parameters like flux lines distribution, flux density distribution and radial air gapflux density are analyzed. The presence of bearing fault can be detected from the spatial FFT spectrum of radial air gap flux density. From the FFT spectrum, it is seen that the amplitude of fundamental component of radial air gap flux density decreases and those around 100 mm distance increases with the severity of fault.


In this article, Pushkin's Journey to Erzerum during the campaign in 1829 is considered as the most significant oriental travelogue in Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century. Description of a private travel of a Russian nobleman in Transcaucasia and Asiatic Turkey during the colonial wars of the Russian Empire considerably expanded the oriental discourse of Russian literature in the first half of the 19th century, forming a more complex and realistic image of the Orient. The main idea of the article is that Pushkin's Journey reflects the specific discourse of Russian Orientalism as a specific way of thinking based on a mythological representation of Russia's place in the world where the West (primarily Western European countries) and East (mainly Muslim territories) are a necessary means of reasserting of Russian national identity, oscillating between the poles of the East-Western dichotomy. The term "orientalization" in the article refers to the process of creative invention of a semiotic space in which it's endowed with specific features of the ''Oriental'' in the discourse of Orientalism. In the article in order to understand the orientalization mechanisms in the Journey the subject of orientalization (narrator) is analyzed. "Literariness" is considered as the basic principle of orientalization, i.e. the principle of outlining mythological borders in Pushkin's travelogue: demarcation of mythological borders between East and West is possible only in the cultural space. Domination (including sexual domination) is considered as the most important principle of orientalization in Pushkin's travelogue, because it shows the convergence point of cultures in terms of evaluation. The principle of European dominance in the Journey (including allusions to Peter the Great, General Ermolov and Napoleon) is largely similar to European travelers inventing Eastern Europe and Russia. Explicit and implicit allusions to the Decembrists, who actively participated in the military campaign of 1828-1829, significant thoughts about Aleksander Griboyedov and the appendix in French ''Notice sur la secte des Yezidis'' are analyzed within the conception of Oriental tyranny.


Introduction: The meniscus and ligament knee pathology is common and the most require arthroscopic treatment. The health management is interested in optimize resources and improve the care quality. Objective: To determine the outpatient surgery and hospital efficiency in knee arthroscopy. Material and methods: A quasi-experimental research, during the period September 2007 - December 2008. It is based in the efficiency of knee inpatient and outpatient arthroscopy in the Traumatology Service of the Victor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital. The investigation considered 36 patients in each group, over 18 years of age. Results: The morbidity is low, the patient functionality and satisfaction is good and very good, respectively. These aspects are not statistically significant. However, the cost of outpatient arthroscopy allows a 34,5% saving compared to the hospital one. The saving achieved is an important factor to recommend it's frequently use. Conclusions: The outpatient surgery is more efficient than the hospital for knee arthroscopy.


Low-dimensional metal oxides-based electronic noses have been applied in various fields, such as food quality, environmental assessment, coal mine risk prediction, and disease diagnosis. However, the applications of these electronic noses are limited for conditions such as precise safety monitoring because electronic nose systems have problems such as poor recognition ability of mixed gas signals and sensor drift caused by environmental factors. Advanced algorithms, including classical gas recognition algorithms and neural network-based algorithms, can be good solutions for the key problems. Classical gas recognition methods, such as support vector machines, have been widely applied in electronic nose systems in the past. These methods can provide satisfactory results if the features are selected properly and the types of mixed gas are under five. In many situations, this can be challenging due to the drift of sensor signals. In recent years, neural networks have undergone revolutionary changes in the field of electronic noses, especially convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks. This paper reviews the principles and performances of typical gas recognition methods of the electronic nose up to now and compares and analyzes the classical gas recognition methods and the neural network-based gas recognition methods. This work can provide guidance for research in related fields.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Gender diversity in medicine can improve physician-patient interactions. Although the number of female medical students has risen to almost 50%, the relative number of female orthopaedic residents remains low. The reason for so few female applicants to orthopaedic programs remains in question. Methods: A web survey was distributed to medical students and interns in Israel in 2015 and again in 2018. The survey included demographic data and a questionnaire. The questionnaire explored reasons for not choosing orthopaedics as a specialty and exposure to musculoskeletal medicine in medical school. Results: A total of 371 responses were received, 143 in 2015 and 228 in 2018. The distribution of gender, marital status, student status, and medical schools were similar. Men were more inclined to choose orthopaedics in both years (P=0.004, P=0.044). The major reason for not choosing orthopaedics was "it's just not interesting." However, in 2018, there were a significant number of male responders who wanted a more balanced work-life profession (P=0.047). Conclusions: Women have given many possible reasons for not choosing orthopaedic surgery, such as wanting a better work-life balance, perceptions of physical strength needed, a closed "boy's club," not enough exposure, and lack of female role models, yet most of them replied the field is "just not interesting." The authors suggest in concordance to the literature that having more opportunity for exposure and more female role models would increase gender diversity in orthopaedics. Level of Evidence: Level IV.


Author(s): Capps, Lisa | Abstract: paper examines the socialization of anxiety based interactions between an agoraphobic woman daughter, who has been diagnosed with separation characterized by irrational fear of panic, feelings of situations outside the home. Although children of developing anxiety, little is known about the storytelling interactions in the Logan family suggest in the children as I) Meg portrays herself or others as protagonists helpless in a world spinning out of control; 2) the children re- moments; 3) children offer solutions to anxiety- ineffective; 4) the children portray themselves as own and others' emotions and actions; and 5) the as successful agents are undermined by subsequent narrative contributions.


Abstract Background Eravacycline (XERAVA™) is a novel, FDA and EMA-approved fully-synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic developed by Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals Inc. for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) including those caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens that have been highlighted as urgent public health threats by the US CDC and the WHO. The new ETEST ERV strip (MIC range 0.002 – 32 µg/mL) has been developed by bioMérieux and calibrated vs. the broth microdilution reference method (BMD) as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eravacycline against Enterobacterales and Enterococci. The aim of the study was to compare ETEST ERV to the CLSI BMD method on a panel of 166 strains comprising 131 Enterobacterales and 35 Enterococci. Methods Quality control was performed with the CLSI QC strains E.coli ATCC 25922 and E.faecalis ATCC 29212. The ETEST ERV strip was applied on a Mueller–Hinton agar plate previously seeded with a 0.5 McF bacterial suspension. After incubation for 16–20H at 35°C, the reading was performed using the bacteriostatic mode i.e.,80% of growth. The FDA-approved breakpoints were applied (S≤0.5µg/mL for Enterobacterales and S ≤0.064 µg/mL for Enterococci). Results The MIC essential agreement was 99.4% at ±1 dilution for the whole panel and the category agreement was 96.4% with 4.8% Major Errors (1 E. coli, 2 K. pneumoniae, 1 K.aerogenes, 1 C. koseri, 1 E. faecalis), all at ±1 dilution around the single breakpoint. No Very Major Error (VME) was observed. Conclusion In this study, the new ETEST ERV strip has been found to be substantially equivalent to the CLI reference method. MIC end-points appear easier to read in comparison to the reference method. With a 15-dilution MIC range and simplicity of use, ETEST ERV could represent a valuable tool for MIC determination and an alternative to the BMD reference method. ETEST ERV will undergo clinical studies to seek IVD FDA clearance and CE marking. For Research Use Only. The performance characteristics of this product have not yet been established. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


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W&L President Francis P. Gaines writes to former President Harry S. Truman to reinforce an invitation previously extended by Graham Morison for Truman to be keynote speaker at the 1960 Mock Convention.


Bedded salt deposit is originated from cyclical sedimentation of salt rock and mudstone,anhydrite,or other non-salt rock interlayers;and the physico-mechanical properties determine limit operation pressure of gas deposit to some degree.The authors investigated the penetrability of salt rock and the interlayers;and it was pointed out that the naturally compacted salt rock and interlayers would not affect the safety of the gas storage,provided that they were not damaged.Then,some experimental investigations and theoretical analyses of mechanical and rheological properties of salt rock and the interlayers were carried out.It was concluded that the difference of mechanical properties between salt rock and interlayers could be found with some deformation variances of different lithologies and even shear damage on their interfaces.On the basis of the above studies,a set of laws were proposed for determining the minimum and the maximum operation pressures in bedded salt rock gas storage,including roof stability law,creep control law,cavern wall and naked well tightness law.Finally,an in-situ example for determining the limit operation pressure was analyzed with the given laws.The results are able to guide the construction and operation of the oil and gas deposits in bedded salt rock in China.


Hydrogenation reactions of three polycyclic arenes (PCAs), that is, anthracene, 9-phenylanthracene (PA), and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) were carried out under an initial hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa at 300 °C. An activated carbon (AC, a metal-free catalyst), was employed to catalyze the PCA hydroconversions. The results show that the AC can split gaseous hydrogen into atomic form and catalyze monatomic hydrogen transfer to aromatic rings. Interestingly, the AC selectively catalyzed the hydrogenation of the anthracene ring, and prevented the benzene ring from hydrogenation and the C−C linkage from cleavage. The reactivity of the PCAs toward hydrogenation over the AC decreased in the order of anthracene > PA > DPA. The hydrogen-accepting ability and steric hindrance effect are demonstrated to be responsible for the difference in reactivity.


Environmentally sound control of fall webworm, Hyphanria cunea (Drury) with entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon strain was evaluated in the laboratory and pot. Pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain was different depending on larval stage, i.e., mortality of the 2nd instar and the 3~4th instar was 100% with > 20 infective juveniles (Ijs)/larva in 3 days, but the 5th instar was 34% with 80Ijs/larva in 3 days. Pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain was higher with increasing nematode concentration. Mortality of Hyphanria cunea larva by S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain was not significantly different (more than 70%) between nematode concentration on treated trees (Malus alba and Platanus orientalis) and in pot.


The existence of masking effects for vertical vibrations of seated subjects was investigated. In a first experiment, detection thresholds of sinusoids at six different frequencies (between 30 and 80 Hz) were estimated using a 3-AFC with a three-down one-up rule. Then, thresholds were estimated in the presence of a vibratory masking stimulus: a band pass noise (10 to 20 Hz) at three different levels (between 0.1 and 0.315 m/s2). The presence of this band-pass noise increased the threshold of all studied frequencies. At detection, the overall level of the signal (masker noise plus sinusoid) was greater than the level of the masker noise alone by a value close to the just noticeable differences in level for this noise. Results suggested that the detection was related to a global energy level discrimination process. Finally, some indicators explaining this phenomenon are presented.


Life without electricity can never be imagined in this world, so it's every human duty to save electricity. But due to the busy schedule existing in present, often many of us forget to switch off lights and fans which increase wastage of electricity. Often we find lights and fans in the classroom will be on though the classroom is empty which increases the electricity bill. This is the major issue in most of the educational institutions. Over the past decade, there has been significant advancement and innovations in the field of consumer electronics by using new technologies we can automate the control of main power supply provided to the classroom which significantly reduces the power consumption. Automation provides some sort of automatic control to the electrical appliances present in the building. Our paper demonstrates detection of motion of objects as a parameter to decide whether to switch on/off the power supply. The programming language used by us is C++. We are successful in implementing our prototype.


In this essay we examine the different syntactical constructions used in the beginning of the clinical histories of Epidemics II, IV and VI to refer to the patient and to determine his identity: the case in which he is mentioned, the use of article in his designation, the employment of participle and relative, that are sometimes the only way of reference to the patient, and, on the other hand, the diverse syntactical constructions, more or less complex, which are used in his designation. The results in all these questions point in the same direction: a stronger connection between the books II and VI of Epidemics, in contrast to Epid. IV, which is shown in remarkable divergence.


This paper presents a smart kitchen system for supporting demented elderly cooking in a kitchen. In this system, a remote supporter provides a user with verbal and visual prompts manually. As a prompting method for this system projection should be chosen as a priority because it enables direct pointing of targets in a real scene. Even if projection is used as a priority, this system should be designed to solve three practical problems: 1) there are many areas where sharp images cannot be projected in a kitchen, 2) kitchen is a too complex environment to display visual prompts using only a single method, 3) remote supporters do not know the kitchen environment well enough. In this paper we propose a novel system overcoming the above problems as follows, respectively.1) The system first tries indirect projection of circular markers as visual prompts around target objects.2) Proper method is automatically selected from using projector, embedded monitor and illumination devices based on environmental information.3) The system automatically acquires flat surfaces to project on and their reflectance properties as the environmental information. Based on an observation of two elderly suffering from dementia, we discuss the feasibility and concrete problems in displaying visual prompt and how to solve them technically.