The agents, which are consisted of system,has adaptability. This adaptability of agent produces the complexity of system. Computer simulation shows quite well every respect of the complex world, which are included the adaptability of agent to outside, some casual situation, interactive among the agents… by Swarm, Starlogo and other computer simulation platforms, these platforms can describe the actions of agents letting the agents active parallel under a certain frame. Some scholars made an ACE model of wholesale market for power supply, the model understands the market structure and the rules of market equilibrium well. All of this gives a conclusion: computer simulation is a good tool for research of complexity.


Author(s): Boulay, Margaret C.; Immell, David A.; Jackson, Dewaine H. | Abstract: We conducted phone surveys of bear hunters (n=714) and randomly-selected registered voters (n=327) to compare how demographics, knowledge of black bear (Ursus americanus) biology, and perceptions about black bear populations in Oregon differed between the two groups and how these differences influenced personal opinions of a 1994 ballot initiative that banned two bear hunting techniques (Measure 18). Responses differed between voters and hunters for almost all questions. In contrast to respondents who disagreed with Measure 18, both hunters and voters who agreed with Measure 18 were less likely to belong to a hunting organization and tended to believe that black bear populations were increasing and that bears were dangerous or potentially dangerous. In addition, voters who were female and who obtained information primarily from television and newspapers were more likely to agree with Measure 18. Surveys of public knowledge, perceptions, and opinions can help wildlife managers identify issues, design ongoing public information campaigns, predict outcomes of ballot initiatives, and predict support for proposed management policy and regulation changes.


: A growing number of food and beverage brands have recently started to become interested in trying to link extraordinary emotional experiences to their product offerings. Oftentimes, such extraordinary responses are triggered by product-extrinsic auditory and, to a lesser extent, visual stimuli, such as music or videos having particular sensory qualities or semantic meaning. While much of the interest in this area recently has been linked to the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR), it is worth noting that there are also a number of other responses, such as chills, thrills, and so-called 'skin orgasms' that have been documented previously, if not always in a food-related context. Elsewhere, both multisensory dining experiences and experiential events have also been reported to bring people to tears. There are, in other words, a number of extraordinary emotional responses that can or, in some cases, already have been linked to the consumption of food and drink. While such responses to auditory stimuli (increasingly mediated by technology) in the context of food are by no means widespread, they nevertheless hold the potential of delivering dramatic food and beverage experiences that offer the promise of being more stimulating, more memorable, and more emotionally-engaging than anything that has gone before.


Since the 1980s, U.S. finance has grown disproportionately in power and influence as American investment funds have become the largest shareholders of U.S. corporations, managing tens of trillions of dollars in investments. This paper provides a novel empirical analysis of the ascent of asset manager capitalism in the United States and explores the extent of its global spread by examining the SEC Form 13F filings of U.S. institutional investors along with an extensive global corporate ownership dataset provided by Orbis. This paper finds that U.S. finance owns approximately 60% of U.S. listed companies (an increase from 3% in 1945) and 28% of the equity of all globally listed firms. As the largest global shareholders and the exemplars of U.S. asset managers, the Big Three hold investments in 81% of U.S. listed companies and own 17% of the U.S. equity market, while also appearing as a shareholder in 20% of non-U.S. listed companies and owning 4% of the non-U.S. equity market. This paper illustrates that the ascent of the age of passive investment and universal ownership, exemplified by the activities of the Big Three, has produced a sectorally and geographically uneven landscape of capital flows, exacerbating the existing divides between the heartlands and hinterlands of global financial markets. With the ownership of listed companies being increasingly concentrated in the hands of a small number of increasingly powerful funds, this paper ultimately argues that it is in the ownership of the majority of global capital that the power of modern finance lies.


This study presents the recent discovery of sixteen questions de quolibet , for the most part concerned principally with the analysis of theorems I, IV(V) and XII(XIII) of the Book of Causes , or with themes arising from the exegetical tradition surrounding this treatise. As a whole, these sixteen texts belong to a coherent, yet overlooked corpus of quodlibetal questions emerging from Central European universities, notably Prague and Erfurt, between 1400–1417. These witnesses are important for the topic of the present volume for at least three reasons. First, they occurred at the end of the Middle Ages, in the newly-founded universities of the Germanic Holy Roman Empire, which are rarely examined in relation to the reception of the Book of Causes . Secondly, in broader terms quodlibetal questions from the 15th century differ from their better-known ancestors of the 13th century. One of their main characteristic is that their subjects where not spontaneously addressed by anyone ( a quolibet ) on any topic ( de quolibet ), but thoroughly prepared for many months prior to the event. Consequently, the decision to discuss specific topics—in this case, themes from the Book of Causes —is the result of a careful consideration. Thirdly, the Book of Causes was not among the works that the statues of the new universities included in the cursus of philosophy. Yet the masters studied and debated this text in large academic settings.


Global warming has emerged as a major issue of concern as the fallout would have a wide-spread impact on many climate processes in addition to posing a serious threat for human development, directly or in-directly. COP21 at the Paris agreement settled to limit global warming well below 2°C in the future. This goal can be attained by ensuring a drastic reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases or by cutting down the use of energy consumption, an obvious solution but difficult to implement. A more acceptable and easy approach would be to reduce the use of energy to cool buildings and surfaces by adopting simple scientific techniques. The present work explores the feasibility of one such approach, which can be applied in large cities and urban regions; knowing that by increasing the surface reflectance (albedo) for incoming solar short wave (SSW) radiation it is possible to decrease the temperature of the surface. If the appropriated surface area is large enough then it is possible to cause a decrease in the ambient air temperature. Three different types of heat-resistant Superseal Thermoflex P-111 coatings of different colours were applied on the roof surface to evaluate their respective reflectance properties towards the incoming SSW radiation incident on the roof with reference to the resulting surface temperature. The average reflectance in the spectral range 280-880 nm – for dark pink, light pink and white colour coats – were estimated as 0.44, 0.61 and 0.76, respectively; the obtained values were significantly larger than that observed for asphalt/cement coated surfaces. The higher reflectance of white coating leads to less heat absorption by the roof surface open to the SSW radiation and thus a significant drop in the surface temperature. Also, the heat transmitted underneath the surface space will be much reduced, even the emission (loss) of radiation (Infra-Red) from such a surface into the surrounding environment will be reduced.


Evidence-based practices (EBP), including those that have been widely disseminated, do not automatically move into routine clinical usage for a variety of reasons. These reasons include organizational culture, clinical inertia, lack of time, and lack of funding. As a corrective, a public health initiative referred to as implementation science has developed. Unlike clinical research, which mainly focuses on the patient, implementation science also investigates the healthcare provider, the healthcare organization, and relevant policy settings. Several types of studies are used to address implementation process gaps. These include designs which address the external validity of efficacy or effectiveness studies, designs which address quality gaps, designs which address frontline provider competing demands, and designs which address misalignment with national or local priorities (Bauer et al., 2015). Nursing homes have been relatively slow to implement EBP, likely because of complex contextual factors which limit both the desire for change and the capacity to ensure implementation fidelity. These contextual factors might include low staff-to-resident ratios, high staff turnover, lack of leadership, and absence of management support (Appelhof et al., 2018). However, a number of recent studies in nursing home residents have employed implementation science methodology, often built on an effectiveness trial. For example, there have been process evaluations of an advance care planning intervention (Aasmul et al., 2018), an intervention to prevent the use of physical restraints (Abraham et al., 2019), and an intervention to improve pain management guidelines (Brunkert et al., 2019). Against this background, Gerritsen et al. (2019) report their findings from a process evaluation of the intervention employed in an effectiveness study of psychotropic medication reviews in Dutch nursing home residents with dementia (the PROPER study; van der Spek et al., 2016). The intervention arm of the study involved three components: education sessions, medication reviews, and evaluation meetings. The biannual medication reviews involved a physician, a pharmacist, and a responsible licensed practical nurse (RLPN). Importantly, in theNetherlands, elderly care physicians are employed by long-term care organizations and pharmacists are permanently involved as consultants in nursing homes. At each of the biannual medication reviews, all of the residents in each of the intervention dementia care units were reviewed. In their process evaluation, the investigators assessed the quality of the intervention, the implementation strategies delivered and received, and the barriers and facilitators to implementation. It should be noted that medication reviews were already occurring in some nursing homes included in the study, so the intervention was not entirely novel. Gerritsen et al. (2019) found high levels of staff engagement, with a 95% participation rate in preparation and education, a 100% completion rate for medication reviews, and an 82% participation rate at evaluation meetings. Among RLPNs, there was a much lower rate of making observations of medication side effects – only 14 of 30 (47%) RLPNs reported doing this. There was also a more modest rate of using the PROPERpreparation checklist in conductingmedication reviews. This was done in only 56% of reviews. Furthermore, some RLPNs reported that they found the medication-focused training difficult. An implementation coordinator was considered to be an important facilitator of the medication review intervention and outside assistance from the study investigators was needed at times. Barriers to implementation included time and staff turnover. It appears that the time that RLPNs used to conduct their medication reviews was not backfilled. The introduction of additional tasks such as medication reviews is unlikely to gain traction unless they are appropriately remunerated. Where physicians and pharmacists are involved, it is important to understand how their involvement is funded. The findings from Gerritsen et al. (2019) might not generalise well to jurisdictions where these health workers are financially independent of the nursing home organization and bill their patients directly. A cost-benefit analysis was not reported. Medication reviews should involve nursing personnel who know the patients well, but it is important that they have additional scheduled paid time that does not compete with the need to provide direct patient care. Although the investigators refer to the importance of involving stakeholders, input from the people with dementia and their family members (or other substitute decision makers) was conspicuous by its absence. When prescribing decisions involve modest benefits and serious potential risks, as is the case with the use of International Psychogeriatrics (2021), 33:9, 865–866 © International Psychogeriatric Association 2021


Distribution system planning, operation and control is considered to be one of the challenging tasks to meet the increasing load. Operating distribution system at its maximum limits is not a suggestible solution whereas the economic burden must also be considered. In this regard, new methodologies and procedures are required to be implemented to increase the power transfer capability of existing substation. One of such methodologies is reconfiguration of distribution lines. Further, the reconfiguration of lines is not proper in case of unbalanced and unsymmetrical distribution system where the existence of all phases is not absent. For this type of systems, in order to enhance the system performance, a new methodology based on phase reconfiguration along with phase decoupled load flow solution methodology is presented. In this method, the unbalanced distribution system is separated into self and mutual networks. Using phasor representation, the final voltages are calculated. Using this, the computational burden is decreased and also the accuracy of solution is increased. This method is tested on standard IEEE-13 node system with supporting illustrations.


Post-traumatic avascular necrosis (AVN) following talus fracture can be a devastating injury, with subsequent destruction of the tibio-talar-calcaneal articulations resulting in joint degeneration and compromised mobility.
 Tibio-talar-calcaneal arthrodesis is a salvage procedure where large bone voids can present significant challenges. Whilst a range of arthrodesis techniques have been described, we present a unique case of patient specific 3D-printed talus truss cage with navicular articulation and hindfoot nail fusion.

 We present a case of an 80-year-old fit and well gentleman who was a delayed presentation with a Hawkins 3 talar neck fracture and a Mueller AO / OTA C3 talar body fracture. The patient opted for a trial of conservative management over primary fusion, but at 3 months post-injury there was talar body collapse and progression of subtalar degeneration, therefore he underwent talus fixation with subtalar fusion.
 At 6 months post-injury, there was collapse of the tibio-talar joint with AVN of the talus. The patient had ongoing discomfort and a decision was made to proceed with custom implant arthrodesis. At 7 weeks post-operatively the patient's wounds have healed without complication and talus height is maintained. Follow-up is ongoing.

 The mainstay of treatment for severe post-traumatic talar AVN has been arthrodesis of the hindfoot and ankle with complication rates as high as sixty percent, including mal-union and loss of bone height. This case highlights the potential of a patient specific 3D-printed talus truss cage to manage complex bone defects and these challenges of arthrodesis.


The article discusses the general operation principle and design features of structural elements of a standard rockfill-and-rockslide protection screen. The main problems connected with operation of such structure and their causes are described. The recommendations on aspects to focus on during the analysis of a situation and selection of a proper solution are given. The list of initial data required for calculating the screen design variables and approximate cost at the project design stage is presented. By way of illustration, it is proposed to analyze the engineering protection systems manufactured by Geobrugg AG, Switzerland. The main advantages of these products include: – strength higher than the conventional analogs have; – design capable to uniformly distribute load; – approval by large-scale trials in association with independent institutions. Rockfall-and-rockslide protection screens are widely applied, including protection of benches and pit walls. The screens can be constructed and installed on the fly, need no constant attendance, are inexpensive and, above all, ensure safety and efficiency of mining. Adherence to the recommendations during planning of screen construction activities, namely, acquisition of specific information and engineering approach to the screen design and material can greatly enhance reliability of the structure and to extend its operating life.


Objective To explore MRI characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) complicated with toxoplasmic encephalitis(TE).Methods The clinical and imaging data of 15 AIDS patients complicated with TE were retrospectively analyzed.Results Multiple lesions appeared in 14 patients,while isolated lesion was found in 1 patient.The lesions displayed as lower-middle intensity signal on T1WI with hyperintensity rims,and higher signal mostly on T2WI with lower intensity rim around them.There was marked peripheral edema effect outside the lesions.All lesions showed rim or multi-rim or half-rim enhancement in MRI.The treatment of anti-toxoplasma had effect for all patients.Conclusion AIDS complicated with TE has certain imaging characteristics.MRI owns an important value in the diagnosis.


A method for analyzing the probabilistic distribution of the number of cases or deaths over adjacent days has been developed. When it was used, it was obtained that the official data on COVID-19 are artificially smoothed out - the jumps in the incidence are significantly less than expected.


In this article the influence of German romanticism and German philosophy on F. I. Tyutchev's works is described. Based on materials of researchers of Tyutchev's works S. Frank, D. Chizhevsky, Y. Lotman etc. analogies Tyutchev's poetry to philosophy of Schelling, to the poetry of German poets-romanticists (Shlegel, Eihendorff, Tic, Kerner) are analyzed.


,Our experiments suggest that when the blood sedimentation rate is raised, there is no alteration in the chemical structure of the proteins. A possible exception to this is the Bence-Jones protein [Devine, 1941]. Geottsch [1936] found that nephritic total globulin was immunologically different from the normal, and Alving [1936] found changes in the cystine content of total albumin in nephrosis. Hewitt [1938b] later showed that in both cases the individual fractions of globulin or albumin give normal chemical and immunological reactions, and the altered ratios are responsible for the abnormality of the plasma.


In these years, a Japanese string instrument called KOTO and high-volume instruments such as the electric bass and drams are often played together. In that case, the volume of the KOTO sound must be increased to a satisfactory level for balancing. However, when amplifying the volume of the KOTO sound, there are some problems such as the feedback, the cross-talk with other back ground sounds and the degradation of sound quality. The pickup device attached on the specific musical instrument is often employed to obtain only the sound without other instrumental sounds. The obtained timbre is, however, different from the one we hear at the usual listening position. In this paper, we propose an electric KOTO with built-in speaker to make the body resonance. By employing the real KOTO body as a physical sound filter, it is possible to amplify the sound volume without changing the timbre. We achieved 10dB amplification of the sound pressure level without the feedback, the cross-talk of other sounds, and the degradation of the sound quality.


Two diarylheptanoids i. e., l, 7 -diphenyl-5 -ol - 3 - heptone, 1 - phenyl-7 - (3' - methoxyl-4'- hydroxyl) phenyl-5-ol-3-heptone were isolated from rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Hance. They ware modified by. chemical reductions and acetylations and thus six diarylheptanoid derivatives were obtained. Biological activites of these compounds were also studied.


The era of large trials of second-generation microbicide products is upon us. Several late-stage trials testing the efficacy of microbicides to prevent HIV infection have begun within the past two years. With their implementation, complex design and operational issues have emerged that exceed the traditional clinical trial challenges of recruiting participants and maintaining protocol adherence. They also extend beyond vaginal microbicides to relevance for other HIV prevention technologies.


In the common enhanced oil recovery methods, unsuitable mobility ratio within the injected fluid and the oil in the reservoir, leads to reduction of sweep efficiency especially in fractured reservoirs. In this work, gas injection, water flooding and WAG processes were ap plied in well configuration which called Dual-Five spot. Because this sector model was selected from a highly fracture reservoir. Dual-Five spot with 38.889% oil recoveries are the best EOR plans for this sector model. The main important point in using WAG process in this sec tor model is that the cycle of injected gas should be less than injected water.


Headline CPI, core CPI, and indices for various small expenditure categories were analyzed. Sustainable long-term linear trends have been found in the difference between the headline CPI and these indices. Overall, the results completely support our previous findings for such principal categories as energy, food, housing, etc. One should return to relative price of apples and oranges in order to explain these linear trends in terms of the mainstream economics.


Situation assessment technique is the main part of assistant tactic decision-making system.In order to obtain a more suitable air combat situation assessment method,the main factors that have effect on the air combat were analyzed,and a dual-level air combat superiority model was established taking the characteristics of beyond-visual-range air combat into account.Then based on the improved fuzzy judgment operator and multi-level judgment model,the fuzzy relationship between goals and rules was set up and the air combat superiority matrix was established through multi-level fuzzy integration judgment.At last,air combat situation table was obtained after analyzing the air combat superiority message with fuzzy field partition.Calculation result of an example shows that by using the method,the tactic air combat situation can be obtained effectively with more reliable result.


A LED display screen glass curtain wall is provided. The glass curtain wall includes a glass curtain wall unit plate (1), some LED lamps (3) and a controlling and driving system. The glass curtain wall unit plate (1) is provided with many lamp openings (5) that are arrayed in the form of matrix. Each lamp opening (5) is provided with a liquid-tight and transparent device. Each LED lamp (3) is installed in one lamp opening (5), and is electrically connected with the controlling and driving system.


A new species of Limacella sect. Amanitellae, namely L. brunneovenosa, is described based on morphological and anatomical evidence. It is compared with similar species and illustrated with line drawings and photographs. This species was found in "Floresta Nacional Restinga de Cabedelo", an Atlantic Forest protected area located in the municipality of Cabedelo, State of Paraíba, Brazil. In addition, we present a list and some remarks about Central and South American species of Limacella.


ABSTRACT This article proposes a complex network methodology for the process of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) that limits subjectivity and reduces uncertainty by incorporating elements of complex systems theory in the stages of identification and assessment of the significance of environmental impacts. The proposed methodology reduces the sources of uncertainty, which emerge from the use of simplified models that analyse the environment-activity interactions in a unidirectional fashion. This proposal determines the significance of environmental impacts through multidirectional or complex causal relationships. Likewise, it limits the subjectivity of the evaluator by using these causality relationships instead of criteria based on the impacts' attributes. The application of the proposed methodology demonstrates the advantages of (i) prioritizing the impacts according to their capacity to interact with other impacts, and (ii) the possibility to redirect the environmental management plans towards the prevention of impacts of higher complexity and to reduce the importance of derived impacts. The application of the proposed methodology reveals that the percentage of irrelevant and moderate impacts is reduced, whereas the percentage of severe and critical impacts increase, in comparison to the conventional methodologies.


In each of 12 class periods during a 20-day exploratory experiment in seventh-grade general music classes, examples of popular music were played in an experimental group (n = 30) while additional serious music examples were played in the control group (n = 28). The examples were carefully selected to illustrate particular musical concepts. The experimental group scored significantly higher on the Perceptive Listening Skills Test with IQ a significant covariate. Age and sex main effects were not significant but an interaction of age by sex showed that younger males and older females scored higher than older males and younger females.


Our government pays more attention to enlarging the farmers' income and improving their consumption level . In the recent 10 years, the fanners' income and their consumption level are improving because of the reforms. But the income structure of improvement has been changed.Therefore,according to the characteristic of the farmers' income structure,their income structure should be adjusted in order to make their income more scientific,more reasonable.


Medical workers are the main designers and participants of clinical trials.In this consideration,popularization of good clinical practice (GCP)knowledge among them can improve their execution of trials,standardize basic clinical trial requirements,protect legitimate rights and health/safety of the subjects,and make the trial results more reliable.These objectives,if accomplished,will upgrade the clinical trials competency of medical institutions in China,and encourage healthy growth of the medical and pharmaceutical industry.The paper probed into the occupation qualification system of clinical trial workers and their supervision mechanism,inclusion of GCP into the continuing education system.

Key words:
Medical staff;  GCP;  Training


The paper focuses on the development of teacher thinking, specifically L2 teachers' subject-matter cognitions, i.e. their Teacher Language Awareness (TLA) (see e.g. Andrews 2001, 2003). The study examines the evolving TLA, as it relates to grammar, of three teachers, each a graduate with more than 10 years' experience of teaching English in Hong Kong secondary schools. All three teachers took part in a previous TLA study conducted in 1996–97 (see Andrews, 1999a), when they were in their early years of teaching and had received no professional training. In the present study, these three teachers' TLA and cognitions about grammar were investigated once more (in 2004). The aim of this follow-up study was to tell the story of each teacher's evolving TLA and grammar-related cognitions. In both phases of the research a mixed methods approach was adopted. Data from the two studies suggested that the teachers' TLA and grammar- related cognitions had altered very little. Their underlying beliefs about grammar pedagogy and the role of explicit grammar teaching, and their knowledge about grammar (as measured by a test of LA) seemed largely unchanged. The main difference between the three teachers was in their interaction with the context in which they worked.


Results clarifying the effects of mechanical milling on molecular solids are shortly reviewed. Special attention has been paid to the temperature of milling with regard to the glass transition temperature of the compounds. It is shown that decreasing the grinding temperature has for incidence to increase the amorphization tendency whereas milling above Tg produces a crystal‐to‐crystal transformation between polymorphic varieties. These observations contradict the usual proposition that grinding transforms the physical state only by a heating effect which induces a local melting. Equilibrium thermodynamics does not seem to be appropriate for describing the process. The driven alloys concept offers a more rational framework to interpret the effect of the milling temperature. Other results are presented which demonstrate the possibility for grinding to realize low temperature solid state alloying which offers new promising ways to stabilize amorphous molecular solids. In a second part the effect of dehydrati...


The secondary extinction theory of Zachariasen for mosaic crystals as well as the formalism of Becker&Coppens have been used for substructure analysis (lattice disorientations, block size, density of excess dislocations, etc.) in crystals with inhomogeniously distributed dislocations in the Bragg case of diffraction geometry. In the case of large crystals DS ≫ Λhkl the mean total density ρD of randomly distributed dislocations was also estimated taking into account additionally the primary X‐ ray extinction treatment. In this connection two cases are considered: I) pure secondary extinction related to arrangement of dislocation walls and II) mixed extinction in crystals with large subgrains related to randomly distributed dislocations and arrangement of dislocation walls. In order to check the considerations, the experimental and calculated data were compared for Be (model I) and Cu (model II) single crystals. The weakly distorted single crystals of Be and Cu were experimentally investigated in the Bragg case of diffraction geometry using Cu Kα1 radiation by means of double crystal diffractometer. A new experimental procedure was proposed. Using alternative technique for substructure analysis (for instance EBSD) the reliability of analysis based on extinction phenomenon in weakly distorted single crystals has been checked. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This paper presents a two-stage mixed integer programming approach for optimizing the skill mix and training schedule at the aircraft maintenance company Sabena Technics. Of course, when all workers are trained for all skills, cheaper workforce schedules are possible. However, the training that is required to acquire all those skills can become very expensive. In the first stage of our two-staged approach, we therefore make a trade-off between the training costs and the resulting cheaper workforce schedule. As we assume that workers are unavailable to work during their training, the obtained result is only applicable in practice if the required training can be performed without endangering the current maintenance operations. In the second stage, we therefore want to find an optimal and feasible training schedule in order to obtain the desired skill mix with minimal costs. We illustrate our models with a computational experiment based on real-life data of Sabena Technics.


Measurement of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is essential for optimal management of mineral and bone disorders (MBD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. There are two major types of PTH assays currently in use: intact parathyroid hormone (i‐PTH) and whole PTH (w‐PTH) assays. The i‐PTH assay is the current standard, and considerable information regarding the management of CKD‐MBD has been obtained with this method. However, several limitations have been found with the i‐PTH assay. One limitation is that i‐PTH assay also measures fragments other than full‐length PTH (1‐84). Another limitation is the existence of multiple readout methods of the i‐PTH assay. The w‐PTH assay is theoretically ideal because it exclusively detects full‐length PTH (1‐84). However, clinical data proving the advantages of w‐PTH measurement are not sufficient. For uremic patients, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes suggest that PTH levels should be maintained within approximately two to nine times the upper normal limit of the i‐PTH assays. The most critical issue in the evaluation of PTH levels is the lack of definitive PTH assay method. Evidence‐based recommendations on clinical management goals of PTH are warranted.


We spectroscopically analyze the effect of e-beam deposition of lanthanide metals on the electronic structure and conductivities of films of semiconducting (SC) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in high vacuum. We employ near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy to interpret the changes in the electronic structure of SWNTs on exposure to small amounts of the lanthanides (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb), based on the behavior of the reference metals (M = Li, Cr) which are taken to exemplify ionic and covalent bonding, respectively. The analysis shows that while the lanthanides are more electropositive than the transition metals, in most cases they exhibit similar conductivity behavior which we interpret in terms of the formation of covalent bis-hexahapto bonds [(η(6)-SWNT)M(η(6)-SWNT), where M = La, Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho]. However, only M = Eu, Sm, Yb show the continually increasing conductivity characteristic of Li, and this supports our contention that these metals provide the first examples of mixed covalent-ionic bis-hexahapto bonds [(η(6)-SWNT)M(η(6)-SWNT), where M = Sm, Eu, Yb].


According to the Wu Rukang(1984) and Shao Xiangqings(1985) methods,reports the morphological characteristics and the measure value of some cranium variables of the Macaca mulatta in Taihang Mountains. The specimens being studied were 12(6 males and 6 females).There were evidently differences between male and female in some variables such as biauricular breadth, upper facial breadth, orbital breadth , biorbital breadth, maxillo alveolar length et al. The rhesus macaque distributes in Hunan and Hubei, Fujian and Guangdong provinces. The biological distance in Taihang Mountains rhesus macaque is further than that of the rhesus macaque population between Hunan and Hubei to Fujian and Guangdong. Adapted to the climates and plants in warm temperate zone for long time, The rhesus macaque in Taihang Mountains has been its unique morphological characteristics.


This letter presents a compact planar tri-band bandpass filter with high selectivity. The proposed filter employs two sets of resonators, i.e., stub-loaded resonators and half-wavelength resonators. The former is designed to operate at the first and third passbands and the latter at the second passband. The passband frequencies can be conveniently tuned to desired values. One set of resonators is embedded in the other and thus the filter is compact in size. On each side of each passband, there is at least one transmission zero, resulting in high skirt selectivity. For validation, a demonstration filter is implemented. The design methodology and the experimental results are presented.


Evidence is presented that fibronectin (FN) polypeptide chain contains a latent proteinase. Human plasma FN was cleaved with cathepsin D into three main fragments: 140-kDa and 70-kDa single-chain and 140-kDa double-chain polypeptides. Their separation was achieved according to their affinity for heparin-Sepharose. A single-chain 140-kDa fragment (H-1) was eluted in the first peak. This peptide corresponds to the already described fragment that originates from the central part of FN; it contains a low-affinity heparinbinding site, one free SH group, and a cell-binding site. After reduction and further purification by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, this fragment revealed a spontaneous decomposition, which could be attributed to proteolytic degradation. The subfragments, ranging from 25 to 95 kDa, yielded the same proteolytically active doublet of 28-30 kDa when tested by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a gel containing copolymerized gelatin or fibrinogen. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by specific SH proteinase inhibitors. The proteinase forms a labeled complex after its incubation with '25I-labeled cystatin. Neither FN, cathepsin D, nor any products from previous purification steps were proteolytically active under the conditions of the assay. It was suggested that the same fragment may also yield an inhibitor, since structural analogies were found between the cell-binding region of FN and SH proteinase inhibitors. During our previous studies of cell-surface proteins in the differentiation process, we observed that some of their changes could be attributed to proteolysis (1). The examples of cell-surface proteinases and their inhibitors are already known (2-5), and the importance of proteolytic regulations in cell adhesion and differentiation was already emphasized in independent studies (6-8). In the search for a potential proteinase precursor, we have concentrated our attention on one of the most important adhesive molecules, fibronectin (FN). FN exhibits a large variety of biological functions. It plays a role in embryonic differentiation, cell-cell aggregation, cell-substratum adhesion, cell spreading, opsonization of bacteria, wound healing, maintenance of the nontransformed phenotype, etc. (for reviews, see refs. 9-11). FN is a large glycoprotein containing two polypeptide chains, each 220 kDa for the cellular and secreted forms, and 220 and 210 kDa for the plasma form. Partial primary structure data have revealed highly conserved amino acid sequences in insoluble cellular and soluble plasma forms of FN as well as among FNs from different species (12-15). This molecule contains several domains with binding affinity for different substrates including collagen, heparin, fibrin, DNA, actin, cell surfaces, bacteria, and itself (9-11). Among different proteolytic enzymes used for the specific cleavage of FN into functional domains, cathepsin D has been frequently used (16, 17). According to earlier data, this enzyme splits FN into three main fragments. The NH2terminal 70-kDa fragment contains a heparin-intermediate binding site, and it also binds fibrin, DNA, and collagen. The COOH-terminal 140-kDa fragment consists of65and 75-kDa fragments linked by an interchain disulfide bridge close to the COOH terminus; it contains a strong heparin-binding site, a fibrin-binding site-, and one SH group. The third 140-kDa single-chain fragment originates from the central part of each chain. According to structural studies (15, 18, 19), it contains a low-affinity heparin-binding site, one free SH group, and the cell-binding site. In this paper, we provide evidence that this central fragment of FN can be activated into a proteinase. MATERIALS AND METHODS


The purpose of this study was to investigate the life of Harar City street children. In view of that, the following research questions were forwarded; what are the major causes that make children leave their homes for the streets? Do street children use psychoactive substances? What type of psychoactive substance do street children use? Based on these basic questions, descriptive survey design including quantitative and qualitative data gathering approaches were employed. Questionnaires and interviews were thus used to solicit information from 57 street children. The data collected through questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and frequency whereas the data gathered through interview were analyzed through narration. As the Study revealed, the major causes which forced children to runaway are ranging from escaping abusive parental punishment followed by poverty, hate of step parents to parental alcoholic behavior. Benzene sniffing, smoking, chewing chat, use of plastic are some of the substance abuse street children have commonly used. Even some of them also reported as if they have already begun using marijuana and hashish pretending to stand with hunger and cold. The research also distinguished as there are two types of street children. These categories include the street children who have completely lost touch with their families and relatives and entirely live on the streets and street children who have contact with their families. The study recommends how to properly address street children's socio-economic and psychological problems. For further studies, it is also recommended that research should be undertaken to explore the role of streetism in psychological wellbeing of street children.


Shale gas : a provisional assessment of climate change and environmental impacts / Ruth Wood, Paul Gilbert, Maria Sharmina, Kevin Anderson, Anthony Footitt. A research report by The Tyndall Centre University of Manchester, Jan. 2011, 87 p. http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/sites/default/files/tyndall-coop_shale_gas_report_final_0.pdf Researchers at the Tyndall Centre at the University of Manchester have investigated the environmental and climate change impacts of Shale Gas – a new fossil fuel reso...


Biological etficiency and economics of different barley-based mtercropping systems were studied on a sandy clay loam soil at the University of Agriculture. Faisalabad during the year 1991-92. The intercropping systems comprised barley alone. barley + lentil, barley + gram, barley + Fenugreek (methra), barley +linseed and barley + wheat. Barley was sown in lOO cm spaced 4-row strips with 20 cm space between the rows of each strip. Three rows of each intercrop were sown between the barley strips. Although all the intercrops reduced grain yield of barley significantly compared to its monocropping, yet the additional yield obtained from each intercrop compensated more than the losses in barley production. The land equivalent ratio showed 28 to 45 % yield advantage of different intercropping systems over sole cropping. The highest yield advantage (45 %) was recorded in barley + lentil followed by barley + gram (38 %) against the minimum of 28 % in barley + methra and barley + wheat. Similarly, all the intercropping systems gave substantially higher net income ha ' over pure stand of barley. The maximum net income of Rs. 10367 ha' was obtained from barley + lentil intercropping system against the minimum of Rs. 6641 ha' from sole cropping. The results suggest that barley + lentil is the best intercro ing system in all res ects. "


21 patients with lumbosacral osteochondritis and diskal hernia were treated. Diagnosis was verified with the help of radiological method. The spinal motion segment after the hernia excision was fixed with the help of fixator with the shape memory for the prevention of post-operation instability. Thioctic acid showed the high effectiveness in complex treatment of radiculopathy.


In this article physical and technological properties of Zuunmod sand from Tuv province and Altangol sand from Dornod province were determined. Zuunmod sand, Altangol sand as well as concentrated Altangol sand samples were used. This Zuunmod sand is used as a moulding sand. On the basis of chemical investigation it can be concluded that non-concentrated Altangol sand of Dornod, Sumber sum consists of 90.65% SiO2, 0.79% mixture Fe2O3 and 31.6% Na2+ K2O. This result reveals that sand is classified in 4K classification. Also Zuunmod sand consist of 77.51% SiO2, 0.79% Fe2O3 and 6.90% Na2O+ K2O. In addition, content of SiO2 and poisoned mixture can be provided standard. Furthermore, analysis of mineral for moulding sand was determined: Non-concentrated Altangol sand is containing quartz (SiO2) 86.79%, feldspar (NaAlSi3O8) 11.46%, Kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) 1.73%; concentrated Altangol sand is containing quartz (SiO2) 90.70%, feldspar (NaAlSi3O8) 4.60%, kaolinite 2.24%, illite 2.44%; Zuunmod sand is containing quartz (SiO2) 50.81%, Albite 46.83%, kaolinite 2.35% respectively.


A sintered molded body for use in the manufacture of cutting tools, sintered been shaped body, about 10 vol% ~ about 90 vol% of cubic boron nitride, about 0.1 vol% ~ about 10 vol% It comprises a binding phase comprising a graphene sintered molded body. A method for the sintered molded body, mixing the powder blend having about 10 vol% ~ about 90 vol% of cubic graphene boron nitride and about 0.1 vol% ~ about 10 vol%, the powder blend step into tablets pressed, as well as the step of sintering at high pressure and high temperature tablet method. A sintered cutting tool, about comprises cubic boron nitride of 10 vol% ~ about 90 vol%, and a binder phase comprising about 0.1 vol% ~ about 10 vol% of graphene, the step of sinter about 45kBar the pressure at and at a temperature of about 1500 ° C. is carried out for about 30 minutes, the sintered cutting tool.


Personal care aides (PCAs) are critical to meeting the need for low-cost, high-quality care for frail older adults at home. Developing this workforce entails not only increasing its size but also ensuring that PCAs possess the skills necessary to deliver competent, safe, and respectful care. Yet, no federal PCA competencies or training requirements exist, and state requirements vary widely. In 2010, a 77-hour PCA model training program was developed as part of a national demonstration. However, a key finding of this study was that many enrollees faced serious socio-economic challenges that prevented them from graduating. This report details findings from a survey sent to all non-completers to ascertain reasons for attrition and improve program success. It offers recommendations for future program planners.


Being concerned with students' emotions is one of the keys to English teaching in vocational education.Affective manners are closely related to the language learning.It is necessary and practicable to carry out affective education.Vocational English teaching can be performed successfully by constructing harmonious,equal,inter-respected relationship between students and teacher,adopting various methods to build communicative channels,concerning the development of students' affective manners in routine teaching,melting the cultivation of students' affective manners into English practical teaching.


President also directed the Secretary of Interior to "accelerate an inventory and evaluation of the nation's public domain holdings to serve as a foundation for improved resource" management," and to "develop a long-range wildlife conservation program." In his conservation message to Congress on March 1, 1962 the late President Kennedy stated: "Conservation . . . can be defined as the wise use of our natural environment; it is ... the highest form of national thrift-the prevention of waste and dispoilment while preserving, improving and renewing the quality and usefulness of all our resources."


Yolk proteins serve nutrition and play physiological function during oocyte hydration and embryo- genesis in teleost. Vitellogenin,which is the precursor substance of yolk proteins,has been widely used as an effective and sensitive biomarker for exposure to environmental estrogens in aquatic environments as well as lipovitellin. Recent progresses of the occurrence of vitellogenin,the organization of lipovitellin and phosvitin,and yolk proteins' physiological function are elaborated. Finally, the developmental prospects of teleost yolk proteins are also discussed.


Safflower whose genetic origin is Anatolia was forgotten in time; however, it started to attract attention again as a raw material supply when biodiesel was started to be used in Turkey. Thus, its production has increased. The species like Yenice, Dincer Remzibey 05 were cultivated. In addition to these three species, Balci safflower species was cultivated and introduced to public. In this study, Balci safflower which is a new species was obtained from Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute and oil was extracted from this safflower and biodiesel was produced from this oil. Oil acid components and some fuel characteristics of the biodiesel produced were examined.


Sequences from two ~120,000-year-old individuals reveal the deep population history of European Neandertals. Little is known about the population history of Neandertals over the hundreds of thousands of years of their existence. We retrieved nuclear genomic sequences from two Neandertals, one from Hohlenstein-Stadel Cave in Germany and the other from Scladina Cave in Belgium, who lived around 120,000 years ago. Despite the deeply divergent mitochondrial lineage present in the former individual, both Neandertals are genetically closer to later Neandertals from Europe than to a roughly contemporaneous individual from Siberia. That the Hohlenstein-Stadel and Scladina individuals lived around the time of their most recent common ancestor with later Neandertals suggests that all later Neandertals trace at least part of their ancestry back to these early European Neandertals.


In page 3, the fi gure 3. ' Frequency dependence of electromagnetic parameters of the SiC / C foam material ' . The word foam should to be changed to bulk. Page 5 line 3, ' q shows the volume fraction of one kind materials with the relative permittivity is ε 1 in all the composite material ' . The word ε 1 should to be changed to ε 2 . In page 5, the fi gure 7, the data line of cell size with 6 mm is inexact. We have made the change of the inexact data line. The corrected version of the fi gure 7 is shown below. And the result did not affect the conclusion. We awfully sorry for this carelessness and for any bewilderment that it has caused.


The article explores the concept of simulating the abstraction of a shared memory in message passing systems, despite the existence of failures. This abstraction provides an atomic register accessed with read and write operations. This article describes the Attiya, Bar-Noy and Dolev simulation, its origins and generalizations, as well as its applications in theory and practice. Dedicated to the 60th birthday of Danny Dolev


Communication overhead is an important factor in massively parallel processing systems and it has a dramatic influence on the performance of systems. If it can be implemented as quickly as possible, then the performance of systems can be greatly improved. Based on the TORUS interconnection network, this paper presents the pipelining broadcasting, which reduces the broadcasting delay and improve the performance of systems.


A proof is presented demonstrating the general applicability of a formalism, developed in a previous paper, that is of theoretical significance to the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann approach to equations of motion in general relativity. This formalism, utilizing the scalar invariants of a vacuum gravitational field, allows one to determine the mass-monopole characteristics of a source perturbed by an arbitrary stress-energy distribution, by analyzing only its surrounding field. The proof utilizes the Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli method of tensor spherical harmonic decomposition of perturbations of a Schwarzschild background. It is concluded that a generalization of our formalism to a more complex source structure (as well as a proof that does not need to resort to any approximation procedures) must await a deeper understanding of the global properties of the eigenvalues of the Riemann curvature tensor.


A semiconductor element having a surface, the projection electrodes are formed to each electrode terminal is formed with a plurality of terminal electrodes so as to be arranged in a line as the mounting substrate for mounting by flip chip bonding, the surface of the printed circuit board on which the semiconductor element is mounted, the projection electrode is to install a protection film having an opening corresponding to a region of the semiconductor element is disposed, wherein in the opening, said projections being the solder is installed, for the junction between the electrodes a plurality of the connection are arranged at the same interval as the protruding electrode and electrodes are provided, the connecting electrode of each is connected to the wiring pattern of the printed circuit board, from the center of the aperture length of said connection electrode section of the end of the opening to not be connected to the wiring pattern is not less than the mounting 150㎛ the substrate is provided. It is also possible to describe a structure having a semiconductor element mounted on the substrate. A mounting board, a semiconductor device, flip chip bonding, solder


The integration of damping by means of including TL Ds on existing structures is very appealing in a wa y that allows in most cases a simple installation without major additional costs. The paper describes some nu merical simulations, based on approximate mechanical models , p rformed over circular shaped TLDs when included in an existing reinforced concrete structure designed i accordance with ancient Portuguese codes. The se lection of the building studied was based on its geometric cha racteristics and in in-situ experimental studies pr eviously developed. The TLDs proposed for the simulated situ ation will tend to be similar to the circular shape d prototypes studied during an extensive experimental program carried out at LNEC. The main results of t he numerical simulations performed (SAP2000) both for the MDOF structure as well as for the MDOF structur e + TLDs will be presented and analyzed.


The logic synthesis is understood as a process of transforming a behavioral circuit description (typically register-transfer level – RTL) into a logic level description, typically a network of logic gates. By logic optimization we understand a process of refining this description to improve its quality, be it the size, delay, power consumption, etc. However, these two terms (logic synthesis and optimization) are often used interchangeably or jointly in literature, and so they will be in this thesis. Iteration at a high-level is proposed, as a more powerful, yet also more time-consuming alternative to the standard, single-pass synthesis and optimization process. The high-level attribute means that the iteration is performed over the whole synthesis process, not inside of one single synthesis step (algorithm). Processes based on high-level iteration offer a possibility of reaching better results at expense of run-time. They are also adjustable in run-time: a trade-off between the result quality and run-time can be established by needs of the designer. Iterative nature of the optimization algorithms brings a notion of state space. Therefore, logic optimization is viewed as a general combinatorial optimization problem in this thesis, in the sense of the state space concept. Notions of state space states and moves are introduced as valid optimization solutions and transformations from one to another, respectively. Randomized versions of iterative algorithms offer higher iterative power. Locally optimum results are more easily avoided at expense of unpredictability of the final results, introduced by randomness. Numerous iterative logic synthesis and optimization algorithms, even randomized, have been published in literature. They have different state spaces; some of them offer a global view of the problem. However, this work focuses only on several novel and original randomized iterative algorithms developed by the author. Their basic principles are described and emphasis is put on understanding the effect of both the randomness and iteration, and their degree necessary to make the algorithms perform well. The influence of randomness on the algorithm iterative power is studied as well. Advantages and disadvantages of randomized iterative algorithms, compared to deterministic single-pass ones, are investigated. It will be shown that randomized iterative algorithms are capable of producing better results than deterministic single-pass ones, usually at expense of run-time. The unquestionable merit offered by randomized iterative algorithms is a possibility of obtaining upper bounds of quality (e.g., of the size). These can be used, e.g., to evaluate the efficiency of other logic synthesis algorithms (benchmarking). It will be shown that some circuits can be simplified by orders of magnitude using iteration. If randomness is employed in addition, further simplification is possible. Note that the well-known randomized iterative algorithms, the simulated annealing and evolutionary (genetic) algorithms are not studied here, since many studies on these topics were already published. These techniques were also tried to be applied to logic optimization, with various success. However, their properties and behavior are well known and, more importantly, can be generalized to any combinatorial optimization process. Hence, new algorithms developed just for purposes of logic synthesis and optimization are discussed here instead. Also, sources of "external randomness" are explored. There are aspects that the synthesis process should not be influenced with. Ordering of variables or coordinate statements in the source file are such cases. However, this is not the case in practice. It will be shown that synthesis is crucially influenced by these; design tools produce very poor, or conversely, very good results under different orderings. Such kind of randomness is unknowingly introduced by, e.g., the designer, who naturally does not know the internals of the tools and definitely does not care about any, from his side meaningless reordering.


To evaluate the applicability of four common-used stomatal conductance models for winter wheat,parameters of two Ball-Berry models and two Jarvis models were determined using experimental data.Then the four models were validated and compared.Results showed that the correlation coefficients between predicted and observed stomatal conductance for Jarvis model 1,Jarvis model 2,Ball-Berry model 1 and Ball-Berry model 2 were 0.854,0.777,0.751,0.784,respectively.The corresponding root mean squared error(RMSE) for the four models were 0.149,0.247,0.183,0.169 mol·m-2·s-1,respectively.Based on these results,it was concluded that the prediction accuracy of the four models were in order of Jarvis model 1 Ball-Berry model 2Ball-Berry model 1Jarvis model 2.The results of this study were expected to provide references for simulation of field evapotranspiration,land surface process and ecosystem.


In this study we present an emotion extraction system from Turkish text. The system is able to recognizes even emotional states from a given text for happy, shame, guiltiness, disgust, sadness, angry and fear categories. We consider Emotion Extraction as a Text Classification problem, which requires a training set. Thus, we first obtained a survey which is done with 500 university students to develop a training set where they are asked to describe their most intense moments they remember for seven emotions categories. Then, the text describing emotional moments are pre processed and modeled in Vector Space Model where tf × idf weighting scheme is used. Then we applied Naive Bayes classifier and tested with 10-fold cross validation, in WEKA tool. We evaluated the system in terms of accuracy, precision, Measureand recall measures. The results we obtained from the first experimentation are very promising where it achieved around 86% accuracy for seven emotional classes in average.


Inclusive financial literacy through Microfinance Institutions activities is becoming a policy issue in both developed and developing nations of the world as it has been perceived as a veritable tool for economic development. This work examines the impact of Microfinance Institutions on financial Literacy in North Central Geo-Political Zone Nigeria. The specific objectives are to establish the relationship between saving mobilization as microfinance institutions operations and financial literacy, analyze the effect of microfinance institutions accessibility on E-banking platform usage and identify the effects of microfinance institutions activities on the financial decisions of the rural dwellers. Descriptive design method was adopted; 50 respondents was selected from each of the six Microfinance Institutions that was selected from each of the six states of the north central geo-political zone that serve as the fair representation of the population under study a total of 1800 questionnaires were administered out of which 1494 was returned. Data for the study were collected primarily through questionnaire from the 1494 respondents that serve as the fair representations for the population under study. The formulated hypotheses were tested with the aid of regression and correlation while preliminary test was done with the aid of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk with a view to ascertain the normality of the data. Similarly, Reliability test was conducted with the aid of Cronbach's Alpha. The overall results of the regression analysis reveals that a positive relationship exist between MFIs activities and financial literacy given cognizance to the reported coefficients on the adopted variables. Therefore, it was recommended that Government should promote financial sector deepening by licensing more microfinance institutions, to promote accessibility to finance among its populous to improve the level of financial literacy in Nigeria. This will increase their ability to save and borrow thereby contribute positively to economic development.


Abstract High rates of surface uplift and horizontal velocities were measured during a hydrologically induced spring speed-up event. Spatial patterns of surface uplift are analyzed to estimate components of vertical motion due to flow along an inclined bed and vertical strain. Areas are identified where surface uplift was most likely due in part to the opening or enlargement of subglacial cavities by bed separation. Results suggest a widespread enlargement of subglacial cavities during the event, and survival of residual cavities after the event. The spatial pattern of cavity enlargement closely matches previously identified axes of preferential subglacial drainage. It is suggested that localized cavity opening along axes of preferential drainage may constitute the initial stage in the seasonal development of channelized subglacial drainage. It is concluded that spatial and temporal variations in glacier motion may play an active role in determining the structure and rate of development of subglacial drainage during the summer melt season.


This article describes a theoretical and methodical conception for fixing the norms covering the amortization accounts relating to railway fixed assests. It also reveals the importance of amortization accounts corresponding to major rolling stock repairs.


by 3D printing are increasingly used in automotive, biomedical, textile and food industries. Understanding the mechanical properties of the components produced by 3D printing is of great importance in terms of the efficient use of this technology in applications. In this study, effects of parameters such as nozzle temperature and filling density on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) structures have been investigated. As the nozzle temperature increases, the ultimate tensile strength increases, and as the infill density decreases, the modulus of elasticity and strength gradually decrease. The findings provide useful information for optimizing 3D printing processes in terms of mechanical properties, manufacturing time, and cost.


The aim of this thesis is to develop an analytical framework to model a large-scale complex online advertising network. Due to the large increasing annual revenues of global online advertising industry in recent years, agents' behaviors in online advertising networks have recently received attention as an important area of research. For this reason we decided to purpose a framework, with the aim of identifying and investigating the agents' (users, advertisers) interaction and influence in the online advertising ecosystem. This thesis first introduces the background and structure of online advertising ecosystem. In a detailed central section the replicator-mutator (RM) dynamics of users' and advertisers' behaviors are proposed. Three adaptions to users' RM dynamics for testing the users' behaviors are undertaken. Finally, the framework is applied to a real online advertising ecosystem, within a three-stage testing phase. At the end of each stage the RM dynamics are fine-tuned, and experiment results are charted every stage. The results of the experiment show that the analytical framework is well suited to revealing the agents' interaction and their allocating strategies. Specific analyses of two advertisers are highlighted and two examples about targeting users are also explained. We recommend further modification to the framework is to develop a numerical analysis model that integrates advertisers' critical stage.


An object of the present invention is to prevent in advance the wrong beam transport in the subject with the non-treatment room and to provide a particle beam therapy system to improve safety. Charged particle beam generator for emitting a charged particle beam device (1), and a projecting unit (15A to 15C, 16) a plurality of treatment rooms (2A to 2C, 3), and transporting the emitted beam toward the beam traveling direction downstream having a a first beam transport system 4, and is provided so as to branch from which the plurality of the beam treatment room to the irradiation device (15A to 15C, 16) of what the corresponding one (2A to 2C, 3), a plurality of transporting each of the plurality of introducing a second beam transport system (5A to 5D) and are respectively provided on the branch, the first beam transport system the second beam transport system (5A to 5D) corresponding to deflect the beam from the 4 a has a switching electromagnet (6A to 6C), and switching electromagnet (6A to 6C) are installed on the downstream side than the first shutter (7A to 7D) for blocking the beam travel path. Charged particle beam, a beam generating unit, beam transport system, switching electromagnet, irradiator


Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the common causes of cancer-related deaths. A significant proportion of surgically cured CRC patients' relapse and if these recurrences are not resectable, they carry a poor prognosis. Despite advances in cancer treatment with targeted monoclonal antibodies, only minority benefit. At present, tissue biopsy, imaging and serum tumour markers are standard of care in the management. There is a constant need for novel biomarkers to improve risk stratification, pickup recurrences early and selection of therapy. Cellular contents of cancer cells, including their DNA, are continuously shed into circulation. This non-invasive blood-based genotyping of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) appears to provide genetic information similar to tumour tissue molecular profiling. Besides, ctDNA can be quantified and levels may be used to assess tumour burden. Here, we review several emerging clinical applications of ctDNA in parallel to the standard of care to improve the management of CRC.


Objectives—Obesity causes inflammation and insulin resistance in the vasculature as well as in tissues involved in glucose metabolism such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. To investigate the relative susceptibility of vascular tissue to these effects, we determined the time course over which inflammation and insulin resistance develops in various tissues of mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and compared these tissue-based responses to changes in circulating inflammatory markers. Methods and Results—Adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control low-fat diet (LF; 10% saturated fat) or a high-fat diet (HF, 60% saturated fat) for durations ranging between 1 to 14 weeks. Cellular inflammation and insulin resistance were assessed by measuring phospho-I&kgr;Bα and insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt, respectively, in extracts of thoracic aorta, liver, skeletal muscle, and visceral fat. As expected, HF feeding induced rapid increases of body weight, fat mass, and fasting insulin levels compared to controls, each of which achieved statistical significance within 4 weeks. Whereas plasma markers of inflammation became elevated relatively late in the course of DIO (eg, serum amyloid A [SAA], by Week 14), levels of phospho-I&kgr;Bα in aortic lysates were elevated by 2-fold within the first week. The early onset of vascular inflammation was accompanied by biochemical evidence of both endothelial dysfunction (reduced nitric oxide production; induction of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and insulin resistance (impaired insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS). Although inflammation and insulin resistance were also detected in skeletal muscle and liver of HF-fed animals, these responses were observed much later (between 4 and 8 weeks of HF feeding), and they were not detected in visceral adipose tissue until 14 weeks. Conclusions—During obesity induced by HF feeding, inflammation and insulin resistance develop in the vasculature well before these responses are detected in muscle, liver, or adipose tissue. This observation suggests that the vasculature is more susceptible than other tissues to the deleterious effects of nutrient overload.


Background:
Scientific work on the social dimensions of Flow seems to be increasing, but it is currently very fragmented. Moreover, most of them do not know each other. This is why it seems important to identify, collect and make available to the entire scientific community a corpus of academic papers via a freely accessible database.

Aims:
Our objective is to implement and optimize a generic method for identifying and classifying articles after lexical analysis of abstracts.

Methods:
We designed and ran a specially crafted search query (a specific combination of keywords and Boolean operators) that come under the notion of social flow, yielding thus a lower number of false-positive results. We were thus successful in identifying about 265 papers from 70 publishers, divided in 39 PhDs and 226 scientific contributions, spanning the last 20 years.

Results:
The firstTop-Down Hierarchical Clustering of vocabulary of all these abstracts highlight 4 main classes: (1) the different contexts of flow study in groups, (2) theoretical models used for flow study in groups (3) the effects of flow in groups and (4) the human consequences of flow in groups. The correspondence factor analysis allows in particular to identify very clearly the main authors related to each of these 4 classes.

Conclusion:
The development and optimization of this method will make it possible to strengthen the literature reviews and scoping reviews of researchers and PhD students. It can be a way to federate an international research network on the social dimensions of the optimal experience.


A "Letter from Woodstock" editorial column on the status differences between units of the US national park system that are designated as "National Parks" and those with other titles.


In this work, we propose a secure protocol to storage data into a cloud system application. The approach we followed allows the potential of cloud computing for applications and systems, all this while maintaining full control over the properties and content of data. We developed an application to prove the efficiency
of the protocol in many different scenarios on various cloud platforms like Google Appengine and on a hosting virtual server. The application that we made can store simple text message or complex data such as file into a cloud system and share it with other users or groups of users. Moreover, its applicability
to store data in safety has been tested and discussed and every single function has been discussed


1. Shah E, Chey WD. Editorial: recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection — still the same after all these years. . . Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;47:131-132. 2. Hu Y, Wan J, Li X, Zhu Y, Graham D, Lu N. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the global recurrence rate of Helicobacter pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46:773-779. 3. Graham DY, Lu H, Yamaoka Y. A report card to grade Helicobacter pylori therapy. Helicobacter. 2007;12:275-278.


The double-gate SOI structure is believed to be the most scalable technology down to the 0.02/spl mu/m regime. However, experimental study of double-gate related phenomena has been hindered by the difficulties in fabricating double-gate devices. In this paper, a simple and yet flexible method to fabricate an experimental double-gate device is proposed. The double-gate device is actually fabricated on a silicon film recrystallized from amorphous silicon (referred as large grain polysilicon-on-insulator or LPSOI film), which is not truly single crystal SOI. However, material and device characteristics show that the film is equivalent to single crystal SOI film with high defect density, like SOI wafers produced in the early days. Thus, all physical properties of double gate SOI devices are preserved.


The aim of this work is to study, with a numerical simulation, the space charge dynamics in polymers, where a particular intent is accorded to the mobility parameter. Analysis of experimental transient charging current, with anomalous peak, under dc field, in polyethylene naphthalate, show that carriers mobility depends strongly on the temperature and weakly on applied field (probably due to its small range variation). The temperature dependence of the mobility follows an Arrhenius-like law, with apparent activation energy of 0.45 eV. From these experimental results, a model of space charge was considered, assuming Schottky injection at electrodes. Transient space-charge distributions, internal field profile and external charging current, were numerically simulated based on this model. It was shown that the space-charge dynamics depends upon the mobility of carriers.


Ovarian epithelial-type tumors (OET), although rare are known to occur in the testes and paratesticular region. Serous tumors are the most commonly reported , but the full spectrum including mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell and Brenner tumors have been described.1 Testicular neuroendocrine tumors are encountered in 3 clinical settings: (i) as a component of a post-pubertal teratoma, (ii) as a metastatic tumor, and (iii) as a de novo neuroendocrine neoplasm of pre pubertal type.2.


The arterial distribution in the floor region of the mouth of the rabbit was studied by the acryl plastic injection method. The region was found to be supplied by the hyoid branch and the sublingual artery from the lingual artery, and the digastric branch from the facial artery. In the region, the hyoid branch sent out a branch to the anterior and a branch to the inferior ; the sublingual artery gave off the mylohyoid branch, the sublingual glandular branch and the genioglossal branch ; and the digastric branch gave off the mylohyoid branch.


Penicillin Acylase from B. megaterium was immobilized on the porous bead carriers based on methacrylate, N,N-methelene-bis-methacrymide, glycidyl methacrylate, Allyl ether copolymers (Eupergit-c) either directly or after chemical modification with 1.6-deaminohexane and L-Lysine. Directly binding with oxirane groups, the most efficient immobilization results were achieved. The immobilization yield was markedly influenced by the ratio of amount of free enzyme to the weight of the carrier. The specific activities of 89 up to 475IU/g (wet) and binding protein of 6.9 to 112 mg/g (dry) were obtained when the free enzyme added to the immobilization solution was from 323IU/g (dry) up to 6250IU/g (dry). The residual activity of immobilized PGA in a recycling system at the 20th was about 92.5% of the initial value.


A pedagogical derivation of the Huygens cycloidal pendulum, suitable for undergraduates, is here presented. Our derivation rests only on simple algebraic and geometrical tricks, without the need of Calculus.


Industrial robot is widely used in aviation manufacturing for its high precision,high efficiency and good expansibility.However,the low stiffness of a serial structure has been a primary factor affecting the end positioning accuracy and dynamic properties.This paper studies the stiffness property optimization for a redundant robot with an extra 7th axis.First,the joint stiffness values are obtained by experiment identification based on a conventional stiffness model.Then a genetic algorithm is employed to conduct the posture optimization under a given position and orientation constraint so as to allow the length of the semiaxis of the stiffness ellipsoid to reach its maximum along the normal direction of the workpiece.Finally,contrast experiments are carried out and the results show that the optimization method is of great significance for enhancing the positioning precision and improving machining properties.


Unavailability of clean planting material is a major constraint of potato production in Eritrea. In vitro multiplication is proved to be a reliable solution; however, due to high media cost and initial investment, its use has been limited. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of three starches (corn, potato and barley) of both laboratory and commercial grades as agar substitute, for micropropagation of potato. Single nodes of potato were sub-cultured into a fresh modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with sucrose (3% w/v) and gelled with 50 g/l of six types of starches in addition to 7 g/l of agar as a control. Gelling agents used showed a highly significant difference in all measured parameters. The pH of all starch based media increased by 0.23-1.3 units during the culture time except the control media which decreased by 0.4 units. Similarly EC showed a decreasing trend in all gelling agents. In most of the measured physical parameters such as plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight three starch based media namely laboratory grade potato, commercial corn and laboratory corn showed better results compared to the control media. Survival of in vitro plantlets ranged between 85 and 90% after acclimatization. Both laboratory and commercial grade starch based media resulted in cost reduction of 15-22% and 61-66%, respectively. This implies that using both corn and potato starches can be reliable and cost effective gelling agents for micropropagation of potato.


Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces delayed dopaminergic neuron loss in midbrain slice cultures, because of nitric oxide production resulting from p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)‐dependent induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In this study, we show that inhibition of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), but not of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, protects dopaminergic neurons from IFN‐γ/LPS‐induced degeneration. In contrast to a p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, however, a JNK inhibitor, anthra[1,9‐cd]pyrazol‐6(2H)‐one (SP600125), did not suppress IFN‐γ/LPS‐induced iNOS expression and nitric oxide production. Involvement of NADPH oxidase‐derived superoxide production in dopaminergic neurodegeneration was not obvious, in that superoxide dismutase/catalase or manganese 3‐methoxy‐N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine chloride (EUK‐134), a superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic, did not afford neuroprotection. Moreover, the NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin and diphenylene iodonium were protective against IFN‐γ/LPS cytotoxicity only at concentrations that suppressed nitric oxide production. Notably, α‐tocopherol effectively prevented IFN‐γ/LPS‐induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration, without affecting iNOS induction and nitric oxide production. These results underscore the neuroprotective potential of JNK inhibitor and α‐tocopherol, in the sense that both agents could rescue dopaminergic neurons under inflammatory conditions associated with robust increases in nitric oxide production. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The quality of sport and exercise physiotherapy has risen dramatically in the last few decades. Scope of practice still varies across the world, but physiotherapy/physical therapy consistently builds on a broad medical knowledge that underpins advanced decision-making and problem-solving. We work to support performance, prevent injury and provide clinical care. Pre-registration physiotherapy education provides the starter toolkit that ensures the entry level physiotherapist practices safely.

How can physiotherapists ensure that they keep developing post-qualification, so that they can work at the highest level? To develop expertise—with an emphasis on the 'expert' part of that term—requires physiotherapists to keep abreast of advances in practice through both theoretical and experiential learning. The purpose of this editorial is to highlight how the International Federation of Sports Physical Therapy (IFSPT) can help a physiotherapist with this journey.

Sports and exercise physiotherapy expertise, as defined by the IFSPT,1 is detailed on the IFSPT website.2 A modified model is presented in online supplementary material with this paper. It describes competencies required as a Registered International Sports Physical Therapist status.2

### Supplementary data

[bjsports-2019-101333supp001.pdf]

Figure 1 describes a model of how a physiotherapist advances from novice to expert in decision-making and skill 'development. Technical learning relates to science and general physiotherapy skills, largely attained at a novice level. Creative learning involves adapting decision-making and techniques to individual clinical presentations.

Figure 1
Models of learning, encompassing reflective practice in developing experts. …


Cation diffusion in perovskites such as La1-xSrxMnO3±δ (LSM) and fluorites such as Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) plays a key role in controlling performance and long-term stability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and of the corresponding electrode/electrolyte interfaces. For point defects based cation migration mechanisms, discrepancies between experimental studies and atomistic modeling results are generally observed when trying to identify the apparent activation energies of the cation diffusivities. In particular, computational modeling of the simple point defect migration generally overestimates the apparent activation energies by several eVs [1-3] relative to experimental results. Despite the existence of few proposed defect cluster pathways in the SOFC literature, the corresponding energetics based on atomistic level modeling is quite limited. As a result, outstanding questions related to the influence of the local bonding environment of the material upon the activation energies of cation diffusion and upon the energetics of the defect cluster carriers are still open.
 In this presentation, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the cation diffusion involving mechanisms beyond the isolated point defect migration mechanism are discussed in connection to SOFC applications. The barriers of the cations, cation vacancy clusters, and cation impurities migration as well as their corresponding saddle point configurations in bulk LaMnO3±δ (LMO) and tetragonal ZrO2 are investigated. For cation vacancy migration in both LaMnO3 and tetragonal ZrO2 systems, it was revealed that significant reduction in the barriers of 1~3 eV takes place when there exists an additional nearest neighbor vacancy or a nearest neighbor vacancy pair bound to the original cation vacancy transport carrier (i.e., partially or fully bound Schottky defects). Such a significant reduction in the migration barriers of isolated cation vacancy migration due to the presence of an additional nearest neighbor vacancy or a vacancy pair invokes the need to examine other possible defect cluster diffusion mechanisms that exhibit attractive or weakly repulsive interactions between point defects. For example, our recent studies [1,3] suggest that the presence of a nearest neighbor B-site cation vacancy in bulk LMO decreases the electrostatic repulsion and steric constraints to the migrating A-site cations in the transition state configurations, leading to a more active A-site cation diffusion with apparent activation energies in good agreement with the experimental measurements. An analogous scenario is also observed for the Lanthanide impurity migration (via a cation vacancy related mechanism) in tetragonal ZrO2, where the migration barriers of partial and full Schottky bound defects are about 1.5 and 2.4 eV lower than those of simple cation vacancy migration (about 3 eV). By considering the attractive interactions of -1.0 and -1.4 eV for the partial (VZr-VO) and full (VO-VZr-VO) bound Schottky defects along with the separated Schottky defect formation energies of 4~5 eV (in a 288-atom ZrO2 supercells), it follows that cation impurity diffusion via partially and fully bonded Schottky defects could be more active than the cation vacancy migration of the separated Schottky defects in tetragonal ZrO2. Finally, the trends in the migration barriers of the defect cluster mechanisms among several types of cation impurities relevant for SOFC applications in LMO and tetragonal ZrO2 will be also discussed.

 References:

 Y.-L. Lee, Y. Duan, D. Morgan, D. C. Sorescu, H. Abernathy, and G. Hackett, "Density-Functional-Theory Modeling of Cation Diffusion in Bulk La1−xSrxMnO3±δ (x=0.0–0.25) for Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Cathodes",
 Physical Review Applied, 8, 044001 (2017).

 B. Puchala, Y.-L. Lee, and D. Morgan, A-Site Diffusion in La1−xSrxMnO3: Ab Initio and Kinetic Monte Carlo Calculations, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 160 (8) F877-F882 (2013).

 Y.-L. Lee, Y. Duan, D. Morgan, D. C. Sorescu, H. Abernathy, and G. Hackett, "Density Functional Theory Modeling of A-site Cation Diffusion in Bulk LaMnO3±δ for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes", ECS Transactions, 78(1)2797-2806 (2017).


Foundations are an old dream. Not only religions but also lawyers dream this dream. The latter have suffered from natural law's resigning and the loss of an earthly or heavenly order of values leaving behind nothing but positive law. These modern laws, reinterpretated again and again and once again are the expression of formalistic, relativistic, contradictory way of existence. Apart from politics, law is the second important social communication area, in which the uncertainty remains so persistent. These are reasons why ideas and literature come up in a time – that is simultaneously facing the upsurge of fundamantalism – and are filled with the longing for absolute, plain and uniform principles in law; a longing that deserves closer examination.


Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama' present as a unifier of the ummah in terms of religiosity and diversity. This presence is manifested in a variety of social movements in society. It's real and has benefits. Therefore, their existence is undeniable, both before Indonesia gained independence even more after it. This nation receives a real education that shapes social awareness about humanity, caring and devotion, till this nation seems to depend on them and really identical in their interactions. The difference between them in their identity; the cities and villages, which are modern and traditional likely merged in the same intention, namely the intentions of da'wah and the humanist educational carriage of rahmatan lil'alamin, mainly through practical social programs in everyday life. The meaning of humanist education in their social programs is undeniable. By using Abraham Maslow's human need paradigm, about the hierarchy of needs that based on motivation, it was found that selfactualization, especially in the actualization of ideology became the strongest motive in their social programs, as well as being oriented to the maturity of cadres as its logical implications.


. Let 5 be a compact «-dimensional monoid. Let A be a compact connected subsemigroup algebraically irreducible from the minimal ideal to the identity of 5. Then there exists a closed proper ideal / such that dim{A¡A Pi/}^dim 5—dim Hx.


Objective:To investigate the expression of RUNX3 and DNMT1 in human gastric cancer,and to find out the clinical significance and the effect of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection.Methods: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical method were used to detect mRNA and protein expression level of RUNX3 and DNMT1 of primary gastric neoplasm and correspongding para-cancer tissues,which were obtained from surgically resection specimens of 70 patients.Results:The expression of RUNX3 in gastric cancer tissues was significantly decreased,but that of DNMT1 was obviously increased.The depression of RUNX3 was correlated with differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis(P0.05).In gastric cancer the expression of RUNX3 in the Hp-positive group was significantly lower than the Hp negative group(P0.05).Conclusion: RUNX3 gene and DNMT1 gene may be involved in the development of gastric cancer.To some extent,Hp infection may involved in inactivation of RUNX3 gene.


The exponential growth in the number and the complexity of information resources and services on the Web has made log data an indispensable resource to characterize the users for Web-based environment. It creates information of related web data in the form of hierarchy structure through approximation. This hierarchy structure can be used as the input for a variety of data mining tasks such as clustering, association rule mining, sequence mining etc. In this paper, we present an approach for personalizing web user environment dynamically when he interacting with web by clustering of web usage data using concept hierarchy. The system is inferred from the web server's access logs by means of data and web usage mining techniques to extract the information about users. The extracted knowledge is used for the purpose of offering a personalized view of the services to users.


This article analyzes the links between migratory processes and the evolution of nationality legislation in Spain. We argue that this case challenges the theoretical models that link immigration to liberalizing reforms in citizenship law. Despite large-scale immigration experienced over the last two decades, Spanish nationality law has remained strongly focused on keeping ties with Spanish communities abroad. To account for the high degree of stability of Spanish citizenship law we structure our analysis along three basic lines: the historical conceptions derived from Spain's past as a colonial power, as well as its tradition as a country of emigration; the lack of incentives for political actors to introduce the reform of citizenship law in the political agenda; and the strategies adopted by those political actors in relation to the politicization of immigration.


Background: HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an incapacitating neuroinflammatory disorder for which no disease-modifying therapy is available, but corticosteroids provide some clinical benefit. Objective: To investigate systemic cytokines and GlycA as possible biomarkers of immunopathogenesis and therapeutic response to corticosteroid pulse therapy in HAM/TSP. Methods: We prospectively followed 110 People living with HTLV-1 (PLwHTLV-1, 67 asymptomatic individuals and 43 HAM/TSP patients), for a total of 906 person-years. Plasma cytokine levels (IL-2/4/6/10/17A, IFN-{gamma}, TNF) and GlycA were quantified by Cytometric Bead Array and 1NMR, respectively. Cytokine signaling and prednisolone response were validated in an independent cohort by nCounter digital transcriptomics. We applied logistic regression and machine learning algorithms to predict disease progression and glucocorticoid response. Results: IL-6 was positively correlated with age and GlycA in asymptomatics but not HAM/TSP patients. Systemic IFN-{gamma} and IL-17A levels were increased in HAM/TSP patients, as compared to asymptomatics. All patients significantly decreased IL-17A levels post-treatment but only prednisolone-responders decreased IFN-{gamma} levels post-treatment. Higher pre-treatment GlycA and TNF levels significantly predicted a negative therapeutic outcome, which was associated with higher post-treatment IFN-{gamma} levels. Low IL-4 and IL-10 levels in incident HAM/TSP can be reverted to increased IL-10 and IL-4/IL-13 signaling by prednisolone in vitro. Conclusions: 1) An age-related increase in systemic IL-6/GlycA levels reveals inflammaging in PLwHTLV-1. 2) IFN-{gamma} and IL-17A are biomarkers of untreated, active HAM/TSP disease, while pre-treatment GlycA and TNF predict therapeutic response to prednisolone pulse therapy. 3) Low IL-4/IL-10 and high IFN-{gamma} signaling in incident HAM/TSP can be normalized by prednisolone.


ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of guanxi on auditor independence in China and the U.S. Using panel data from 2012–2015 surveys, fixed-effects regression models are used to analyse survey data with observations drawn from a total of 1076 Big 4 and 1044 non-Big 4 auditor-years for Chinese auditors, and 1168 Big 4 and 1140 non-Big 4 auditor-years for the U.S. auditors. The results indicate that 'guanxi with clients' has a negative influence on perceptions of auditor independence for Chinese auditors, but not for the U.S. auditors. According to our findings, both groups agree that imposing regulations/code has a positive influence on perceptions of auditor independence. Gender has no influence on the perceived independence of either group. After controlling for social desirability bias, our results remain robust. Sensitivity analysis further increases the robustness of the findings. Our results provide empirical support for public interest theory and pose implications for Western multinational companies contemplating doing business in the Chinese economy. This investigation is particularly relevant in the wake of the rise of China as a global power. Regulators should consider the implications of this study when setting auditing guidelines and codes of ethics.


Teachers in colleges or universities would not only shape their students' academic spirit by their learned knowledge but also help formulate their students' views on beauty and life by their every day behaviors including their suitable dressings. This paper reports on how faculties should get dressed to achieve suitability in the personalized society via the discussion of its justifications.


For the purpose of improving automation and practicability of greenhouse control, greenhouse automatic control system with more sensors based on PIC microcontroller is designed. Basic work principle and hardware principle circuit map are presented. This system can be controlled in long-distance or through network.


The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is a second-order auditory structure that also receives nonauditory information, including somatosensory inputs from the dorsal column and spinal tri-geminal nuclei. Here we investigate the peripheral sources of the somatosensory inputs to DCN. Electrical stimulation was applied to cervical nerves C1–C8, branches of C2, branches of the trigeminal nerve, and hindlimb nerves. The largest evoked potentials in the DCN were produced by C2 stimulation and by stimulation of its branches that innervate the pinna. Electrical stimulation of C2 produced a pattern of inhibition and excitation of DCN principal cells comparable with that seen in previous studies with stimulation of the primary somatosensory nuclei, suggesting that the same pathway was activated. Because C2 contains both proprioceptive and cutaneous fibers, we applied peripheral somatosensory stimulation to identify the effective somatosensory modalities. Only stimuli that activate pinna muscle receptors, such as stretch or vibration of the muscles connected to the pinna, were effective in driving DCN units, whereas cutaneous stimuli such as light touch, brushing of hairs, and stretching of skin were ineffective. These results suggest that the largest somatosensory inputs to the DCN originate from muscle receptors associated with the pinna. They support the hypothesis that a role of the DCN in hearing is to coordinate pinna orientation to sounds or to support correction for the effects of pinna orientation on sound-localization cues. The output neurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) are sensitive to both auditory and somatosensory stimuli (Saadé et al., 1989; Young et al., 1995), suggesting a cross-modal associative role for the DCN. The somatosensory inputs to the DCN originate predominantly from the ipsilateral dorsal column and spinal trigeminal nuclei (abbreviated MSN for medullary somatosensory nuclei) (Itoh et al. The strongest DCN responses were obtained when the MSN was stimulated at a position in the somatotopic map of the MSN at which the ipsilat-eral pinna and adjacent regions of the head and neck are represented (Young et al., 1995). Cartwheel cells, which are inhibitory interneurons in the superficial layer of the DCN, are excited by MSN stimulation and are thought to convey much of the somato-sensory inhibition to principal cells (Davis and Young, 1997). Conflicting results about the peripheral receptive fields of the somatosensory projection to DCN have been reported. We found in previous studies that manipulation of the pinna produced DCN principal cell responses, consistent with the electrical stimulation results (Young et al., …


of the Department, California State College, Fullerton. He spent five years (1959-1964) in Brazil as a member of the University of Southern California public administration team and has returned to Brazil four times since 1964. He has published Bibliografia Brasileira de Administracao Pública, Political Science in Brazil: A Selected Bibliography, Government of Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro (forthcoming), and edited Perspectives of Brazilian State and Local Government.


Newspaper clippings of an article about Eleanor "Mickey" McLernon Brown, WASP. Includes two photographs of Mrs. Brown in her uniform and current photo.. On the back of the clipping are wedding and engagement announcements, as well as advertisements for catering companies.