The purpose of this study is to investigate the predictor effect temperamental characteristics of Turkish children aged between 5 and 6 have on peer relationship variables (social impact, prosocial behaviour, aggression, asocial behaviour, exclusion, fear–anxiety, and victimisation). About 140 children, aged between 5 and 6, and their mothers, from Denizli in Turkey, participated in this study. The Short Temperament Scale for Children was used to measure the temperamental characteristics of children. The Child Behaviour Scale, the Victimisation Scale, and the sociometric technique based on peer nomination were used to assess peer relationship variables. Results of this study concluded that there was a significant positive relationship between the level of approach, persistence, and rhythmicity and social impact and prosocial behaviour; there was a significantly adverse relationship between the level of aggression, asocial behaviour, exclusion, fear–anxiety, and victimisation. The children's level of inflexibility/reactivity had a significant inverse relationship with social impact and prosocial behaviour and a significant positive relationship with aggression, asocial behaviour, exclusion, fear–anxiety, and victimisation levels. All temperamental characteristics taken into consideration for this study had a significant predictor effect on peer relationship variables of children aged between 5 and 6.


Flavonoid fatty esters were prepared by acylation of flavonoids (rutin and naringin) by fatty acids (C8, C10, C12), catalyzed by immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica in various solvent systems. The reaction parameters affecting the conversion of the enzymatic process, such as the nature of the organic solvent and acyl donor used, the water activity (a w ) of the system, as well as the acyl donor concentration have been investigated. At optimum reaction conditions, the conversion of flavonoids was 50-60% in tert-butanol at a w less than 0.11. In all cases studied, only flavonoid monoester was identified, which indicates that this lipase-catalyzed esterification is regioselective. Des esters de flavonoides sont prepares en acylant des flavonoides (rutine et naringine) par des acides gras (C8, C10, C12) : cette reaction est catalysee par la lipase de Candida antarctica dans divers solvants. Les parametres reactionnels affectant la conversion du procede enzymatique, comme la nature du solvant ou du donneur d'acyle, l'activite de l'eau ou la concentration en donneur d'acyle sont etudies. Dans des conditions optimales, la conversion des flavonoides est de 50-60% dans le tert-butanol. Dans tous les cas, seul le monoester de flavonoide est identifie, ce qui montre que cette esterification est regioselective.


This article aims at verifying group counseling's short-time effect and long-time effect and putting forward what needs to be done afterwards.The study selects 30 student clients as the subject group,which is under the intervention of the group counseling,and selects another 30 students as the control group,without any intervention.The study finds out that,firstly, group counseling can enhance social confidence,improve the behavior of the social interaction and regulate social emotions within a short time;secondly,group counseling has(little) long-time effect on students except that it can improve their behavior of the social interaction;thirdly,due to the variety of the personality and the changing of the goal,the effect of the group counseling on the students is different;lastly,the ending of the group counseling does not mean the problems are solved,in fact,there are many other things that need to be done so that the effect of the counseling can be strengthened.


Thank you very much for reviewing our manuscript. The authors understood the major points pointed out by reviewer#1. Following the comments and suggestions from two reviewers, most of them were corrected and modified, including the figures. The English was checked by a native speaker. The major revised points were the following: From the suggestion from reviewers, we did the additional analysis which fixed the program bug. The additional results showed that the water vapor saturated method from the current product of GOSAT and this study were similar, except the middle layer cloud were detected better by the new method by this study (Figure 10 in the revised manuscript). That means both methods from the current method of GOSAT product and the new method in the present study can detect the thinner cirrus clouds of about 85% cloud frequency compared with CALIOP. Following the above new result, the introduction and summary sections were rewritten significantly. As suggested by the reviewer, some figures were modified or added. The results figures (Figs.6 and 7) were replaced for the 100 km results. Figure 4 was revised; the "Clear and Cloudy supervised data" was added to the part of "Minimum Distance Method" decision. The red line of Figure 7 was corrected; the previous red line was inconsistent with the caption and showed the summation of probability density at each altitude. Figure 10 was added to show the capability (performance) of the new method and to compare the current and new methods. We hope that these revision will be satisfied your comments.


Stoneville 213 acid delinted seed was planted on May 11'77 at 10 lb per acre. Treatments were placed in plots 8 rows (40-inch) by 40 ft and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were made with an International 660 Hi-Clear sprayer with a compressed air system equipped with 2 X-3 hollow cone spray tips per row delivering 2.5 gpa at 3.5 mph and 60 psi. Four applications were made between Aug 10 and 25. Plots were not irrigated. Rainfall was moderate and did not affect applications. The pretreatment whitefly infestation count was 52 percent infested terminals on Aug 8. Separate applications of EPN + Methyl Parathion (0.5 + 0.5 lb Al/A) were applied on Aug 1, 5, 10, 15, 19, 25, and Sept 15 and one application of Pounce (0.1 lb AI/A) on Sept 26 was used on all plots for boll weevil and Heliothis spp. control. Twenty randomly selected terminal leaves per plot were col-lected on four observation dates and placed in plastic bags and frozen for later observation in the laboratory. Assessments of the whitefly populations were accomplished by counting the immature whiteflies in a 2.25 square centimeter area adjacent to the central leaf vein. Subsequent looper populations developed in the test and on Aug 29 a defoliation index rating was obtained based on the average ratings of three observers. The looper populations on Aug 25 were composed of 70% Trichoplusiani (Hubner) and 30% Pseudoplusiaincludens (Walker).


PERCEPTIONS AND HIRING PRACTICES OF TENNESSEE SUPERINTENDENTS AND DIRECTORS OF SCHOOLS RELATING TO THE DESIRED TECHNOLOGICAL SKILLS OF HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS by John McLean Reed The purpose of this study is to reveal what technological skills are inquired about by superintendents/directors of schools in the state of Tennessee when hiring high school principals. The study further reveals perceptions that superintendents/directors of schools, have for the desirability of high school principals to possess technological skills and their perceptions of how capable current high school principals are for possessing those skills. The study was based on a total population of 139 school superintendents in the state of Tennessee. Surveys were mailed in early Nov, 1995. One hundred-two surveys were completed and returned. Findings were divided into two categories, the results of the testing conducted for the research questions and the results of the hypothesis testing. The findings revealed that more than half of the superintendents/directors of schools in the state of Tennessee had hiring procedures that inquired about technological skills. The ability to budget technology was not a skill that most superintendents/directors of schools inquired about. More than thnee-fourths of the superintendents/directors of schools desired high school principals to possess technological skills. Fewer than one-fourth of the superintendents/ directors of schools perceived current high school principals to have much knowledge and experience with technology. Significant differences were found in hiring procedures and perceptions of the technological abilities of current high school principals. The significant differences were between appointed and elected superintendents/directors of schools, superintendents/directors of schools with different degrees of education, and superintendents/directors of schools employed at school systems with different levels of per pupil expenditure. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were suggested: (1) superintendents/directors of schools should evaluate hiring procedures to assure there is inquiry into the technological abilities of candidates seeking high school principalships, (2) training for technological skills should be provided for students studying school administration, current high school principals, and superintendents/directors of schools, and (3) better communication channels should be established between administrators concerning technology, rules and regulations concerning technology, and incentives to encourage the development of technology. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD APPROVAL This is to certify that the following study has been filed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of East Tennessee State University. Title of Grant or Project Perceptions of the Technological High School Principal by Superintendents and Directors of Schools Across the Stale of Tennessee____________ Principal Investigator J. McLean Reed________________________________________ Department Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis_________________________ Date Submitted April 8. 1996_______________________________________________ Institutional Review Board, Chairman ________________________________________


The article, "Gesell tests on African children" by M. Geber, et al. (Pediatrics, 20:1055, 1957), gives support to observations made by many of us in this country who have been working with both Negro and white children. It is undoubtedly true that Negro infants are, on the average, more capable (especially in motor activity) than white infants of the same age. This is probably, as Geber suggests, due to genetic and cultural factors. It may be more evident in some African tribes than in others.


A study was conducted in five blocks of Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu among small and marginal goat farmers were participated in KVK's training programme. Collection of data regarding, gain in knowledge, adopted level about improved Livestock technologies in goat rearing and feeding of Azolla were recorded before and after training. The findings revealed that the farmers had gained knowledge in housing 73.0%, 73.5% in breed awareness, 72.5% in vaccination, 70.0 % in Deworming, 70.0% in fodder production, 60.5% in concentrate feed, 49.7% in Mineral mixture, 44% in flushing and 43.3% in Azolla feed, respectively. Study showed that very few farmers were known the scientific method of goat rearing and Azolla feeding before training programme whereas, after training programme they were adopting 78.3% in housing, 70.0 % in breed awareness, 61.5 % in vaccination, 55.0 % in Deworming, 69.0% in green fodder production, 50.0% in concentrate feed, 52.0% in Mineral mixture, 47% in flushing and 35.5% in Azolla feeding. The overall adoption percentage by the farmers which indicated that training had a significant impact in uptake of new technologies.


Summary of the internship carried out during six months in the recording studio of "Chatoband Producciones" under the supervision of the producer "El Chato Rivas". Operation of the study and explanation of three important cases during this time in the study


Abstract Optimal allocation and sizing of active power line conditioners in a distribution network is a discrete and non-linear problem. Heuristic-based optimization methods are reliable approaches for solving these types of problems, particularly for a large-scale distribution network. However, the optimization parameters in heuristic methods can influence the final solution significantly so that if these parameters are selected improperly, the risk of trapping in local minima may be remarkable. In this article, a new method—modified particle swarm optimization—is proposed for optimal planning of active power line conditioners in a distribution network that is polluted by non-linear loads. In this method, external particle swarm optimization is used to determine the main particle swarm optimization parameters accurately. To validate the performance of the proposed method, a 6-bus and the IEEE 18-bus test systems are employed. Different scenarios are studied, and the results are compared with those obtained by other optimization methods, such as conventional particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, and discrete non-linear programming. The results illustrate higher accuracy of the proposed modified particle swarm optimization and its applicability for solving discrete and non-linear problems, such as active power line conditioner planning.


Utilizing survey data collected from 127 male Bosnian police officers, this study examines the impact attitudes toward women, individual characteristics, and work experiences have on officers' perceptions of their female colleagues. It is hypothesized that officers who hold more traditional, patriarchal attitudes toward women will view females as incapable of effectively carrying out police work, regardless of their own work experiences, or demographic characteristics. Results suggest that a majority of Bosnian policemen believe that women are equally as effective as men in all aspects of policing, however, many still cling to stereotypical views of policing and continue to view female officers negatively.


Degradation mechanisms, such as Bias Temperature Instabilities (BTI) and Hot Carrier Degradation (HCD), as well as the associated time-dependent variability, dictate the limit on the acceptable operating voltage conditions in modern deeply-scaled VLSI devices. Based on large statistical datasets, acquired using specifically designed on-chip arrays, we experimentally obtain DC degradation maps for both $\boldsymbol{n}$ - and $\boldsymbol{p}$-type FETs. Defect-centric based analysis of the statistical parameters at every $\boldsymbol{V_{G}}, \boldsymbol{V_{D}}$ bias point provides physical insights in the underlying single- and multi-carrier degradation processes. As a result, we can separate the defect charging contributions of each degradation mechanism and describe to which extent these mechanisms co-interact. We finally present a simplified model (the "3-bucket" model) that is able to describe the degradation statistics up to $3\boldsymbol{\sigma}$ of a device population subject to an arbitrary combination of BTI and HCD stress.


Any system of biochemical analysis that can be used to detect chemical differences between normal and malignant cells may add potentially valuable information to complement the histologic data which provide the practical definition of human prostatic carcinoma. A difference (P < 0.0001) was observed in the levels of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PD) activity in prostatic tissue with benign hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma. Measured as a function of the amount of protein extracted from whole‐tissue homogenates, the values for G‐6‐PD activity in prostatic carcinoma are almost four times those measured for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The degree of elevation of the activity of this enzyme suggests a correlation between enzymatic activity and clinical prognosticators, ie., histotogic differentiation and clinical stage.


Abstract The present study is an extension of our previous work. Performance evaluation of single-layer AlTiN coating deposited by Scalable Pulse Power Plasma (S3p) and High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS), with multi-layer TiN/TiAlN and AlTiN/TiAlN coating deposited by Cathodic Arc Evaporation (CAE) is carried out. Taguchi's full factorial design with L9 orthogonal array was used for machining. AlTiN (S3p) coating exhibited a tool life of 111 min, 1.5 times as much as AlTiN (HiPIMS) coating. Multi-layer coatings could not offer comparable performance with single-layer coatings. Among the multi-layer coatings' tools having the top layer of Al performed better. Surface roughness exhibited by AlTiN (S3p) tool was 1.2 µm compared to 1.8 µm by AlTiN (HiPIMS) tools. The rate of reduction of cutting force for AlTiN (HiPIMS) and AlTiN (S3p) tools was found to be 5% and 11%, respectively. Multi-layer TiN/TiAlN-coated tool exhibited 2.5 times higher surface roughness compared to single-layer AlTiCrN coated tool. Empirical models showed predictability of 5% and 20% for cutting force and surface roughness respectively. The higher predictability range for surface roughness is due to influence of both cutting speed and feed. The developed models can be used for selection among AlTiN (S3p) and AlTiN (HiPIMS) coated tools.


The monotonicity properties of the functions involving the psi
function are considered. An inequality for the Euler's constant is obtained as
consequence


Observing nonverbal signals being directed toward unfamiliar individuals is known to influence attitudes and behavior toward those individuals. Specifically, observing biased nonverbal signals in favor of one individual over another can produce nonverbal signal-consistent attitudes among preschool children. Research has shown that people have a tendency to mimic the behavior of others and the phenomenon of mimicking another's nonverbal emotional response and "catching" their emotions has long been established. However, it has yet to be examined whether this phenomenon can facilitate attitude contagion. We hypothesized that preschool children who mimic the biased nonverbal signals of others are more likely to adopt their social attitudes. Our findings provide initial support for the notion that mimicking others' nonverbal signals is associated with a greater likelihood of attitude contagion. Results of the current study indicated that the effect of mimicry increased with age among boys and decreased with age among girls. This study provides initial evidence that emotional mimicry may partially mediate the effect of nonverbal signals on attitudes.


The paper overviews the way of creating intumescent fire-protective compositions with improved properties by adding nano-and micro-sized supplements into them. Intumescent paints are inert at low temperatures, and at higher temperatures they expand and degrade to provide a charred layer of low conductivity materials. The modified intumescent paints are able to form a more stable charred layer than the classical paints. The stability of a charred layer is crucial if the fire safety in high-rise construction must be secured, because a weak charred layer will not provide a required fire endurance for steel bearing structures and they will break down in case of fire. The fire-protective properties of modified intumescent paints were estimated using an electrical furnace. Also the way of thermal decomposition of the paints was studied with thermogravimetric analysis. Results show that modified intumescent paints form a charred layer with improved fire-protective properties; it can serve as a thermal barrier for a longer period of time. Thermogravimetric analysis confirms this fact showing that the temperatures of full thermal decay in case of modified paints are higher than those of non-modified paints.


Water bodies are the final sinks of all pollution with more than 90% of contaminants found in suspended particulates and bottom sediments. Only less than 10% is retained in the water column yet it attracts and receives great research attention. The pollution status and the potential ecological risk of three pools of water along a stream due to heavy metal enrichment from a nearby active gold mining tailings dam were assessed. The upstreamdownstream and sedimentological approaches to ecosystem health assessment were used. Potential uses of pool water were also evaluated based on measured water quality parameters. Heavy metals in water and sediment were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Results revealed that salinisation, acidification and heavy metals were exported from a mining tailings dam to the stream. The degree of contamination of pool water by heavy metals dictated water uses. Heavy metal concentrations imposed water use restrictions for aquatic life in a pool which directly received discharge from the mine tailings dam. The average heavy metal concentrations in sediments were lower than the standard shale values. Sediment quality guidelines and pollution indices showed that the stream was not polluted with heavy metals, thus posed no potential ecological risk. Continuous monitoring of tailings discharge and wash off is important to safeguard aquatic ecosystem and public health.


This paper described the effect of upper initial moisture content on water infiltration of the finger flow.The results showe that there was a higher logarithmic correlation between the turning time of wetting front reaching to the finger flow layer with the initial moisture content of the upper soil.Both models of piecewise function and the continuous function could be used to fit the relationship between cumulative-infiltration and time.It was found that the accuracy of Piecewise function model was higher.Since this model is discontinuous on the subsection,it was inconsistent with the water infiltration in the layered structure of soil.With infiltration duration,the simulated values of the continuous function model was closer to the measured ones.The continuous function model was in consistent with the water infiltration in the layered structure of soil and suitable to simulate the long-term infiltration process.


Abstract T. Ikawa obtained the following differential equation DTDTDTT − KDTT, K = k2 − τ2; for the circular helix which corresponds the case that the curvature k and torsion τ of spacelike curve with a spacelike binormal α on the Lorentzian manifold M 1 are constant [7]. In this paper, we have defined a slant helix according to Bishop frame of the spacelike curve with a spacelike binormal. Furthermore, we have given some necessary and sufficient conditions for the slant helix and T. Ikawa's result is generalized to the case of the general slant helix.


Chicks wearing hoods containing 8.5-degree wedge prisms from the day of hatching showed both significant reduction in the average lateral displacement of pecking (adaptation) and significant pecking overcompensation in the direction opposite to the original displacement (negative aftereffect) when matched 0-degree plates were substituted for the prisms on the 8th day.


The theoretical basis of Japan' s Law of Obligation is currently undergoing a significant shift:a move from an emphasis on the traditional Pandects model of the constitution of the Law of Obligation towards an emphasis on the constitution of the contract. The result of this change has led to the creation of a new theory regarding the positioning of the right to place a claim, reasons for the nonperformance of an obligation, the methods for calculation of damages, elements of termination, the weight of value placed on the system established for the sharing of risks, the understanding of what constitutes a change of events and so on. All of these issues relating to the Law of Obligation under the new theory conflict with the traditional model. The reason for the creation of this chasm is that the old and new theories position of the heteronymous elements differently. The traditional theory excludes heteronymous elements from the content of the contract and states that the contract is based on the parties voluntarily reaching an agreement whereas the new theory includes fiduciary duties and holds the view that contract is an agreement reached voluntarily under the system as a whole.


The key to the normal growth and development of flowering shrubs is to provide optimal living conditions in the juvenile period. Obtaining high-quality planting material in a nursery using biologized techniques is a fundamental component of their future resistance to a complex of abiotic and biotic factors. The use of vermicompost (6 t / ha) as a fertilizer base and biologically active substances contributed to the production of high-quality seedlings. The applied biologic techniques contributed to the improvement of the growth and development of flowering shrubs, which influenced the reduction of damage by pests and diseases, the formation of healthy, decorative and attractive plants. Based on the analysis of the vital state, we ranked flowering shrubs according to their prospects for use in landscape design of the territory of urban ecosystems. Promising species for landscaping urban ecosystems in terms of a set of indicators are: Berberis thunbergii DC., Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.), Lonicera caprifolium L., Physocarpus opulifolius L., Philadelphus coronaries L., Sorbaria sorbifolia L., Syringa velutina L. и Weigela florida DC.


Homopolymers of 2-(trimethylsiloxy)ethyl methacrylate of degrees of polymerization from 5 to 50 were synthesized by group transfer polymerization in tetrahydrofuran (THF) using 1-methoxy-1-(trimethylsiloxy)-2-methyl propene as the initiator and tetrabutylammonium bibenzoate as the catalyst. These polymers were first converted to poly[2-(hydroxy)ethyl methacrylate]s by removal of the trimethylsilyl-protecting groups by acidic hydrolysis, and subsequently transformed to poly{2-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]ethyl methacrylate}s by reaction with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. Gel permeation chromatography in THF and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy in CDCl3 and d6 dimethyl sulfoxide were used to characterize the polymers in terms of their molecular weight and composition. The molecular weights were found to be close to the values expected from the polymerization stoichiometry and the molecular weight distributions were narrow, with polydispersity indices around 1.1. The hydrolysis and reesterification steps were found to be almost quantitative for all polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis were also employed to measure the glass transition temperatures (Tg 's) and decomposition temperatures, which were determined to be approximately 80 and 320 °C, respectively. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1457–1465, 2000


The present invention relates to a bearing assembly (10; 11; 12; 13), with at least one first bearing element (21; 31; 41; 51) and a relative to the first bearing element (21; 31; 41; 51) movable second bearing element (22 ; 24; 32; 42; 53; 55), which is characterized in that at least one of the bearing elements (21; 22; 24; 31; 32; 41; 42; 51; 53; 55) from Eltimid


Disclosed is a training device (10) for hemiplegic thumb function recovery which comprises: a first hand support (18) on which a horizontally-orientated hand is to be placed; a first thumb hooking member (19) into which the thumb of the hand which is placed on the first hand support (18) fits; a second hand support (29) on which a vertically-orientated hand is to be placed; a second thumb hooking member (24) into which the thumb of the hand placed on the second hand support (29) fits; a thumb movement mechanism (70) which moves the first and second thumb hooking members; and a control unit (27). On the basis of the counterforce which the thumb exerts on the first or second thumb hooking member, the control unit determines an external force to be applied to the thumb.


Consumer dietary habits have drastically changed in recent decades and functional beverages now have a strong position in the market. The majority of these beverages are produced using simple processes that use raw products, such as cereals, legumes, fruits, and nuts, among others, and these are known to be frequently contaminated with mycotoxins. This review is focused on the occurrence of these toxic compounds in plant-based milks, fruit juices, and herbal teas. The fate of the toxins during processing is discussed to establish the potential risk posed by the consumption of these kind of beverages regarding mycotoxin uptake.


For many years Dr. Dawson had extensive interest and involvement, via his position at the British Medical Association, with a number of national and international groups devoted to tackling the problems associated with "torture and the medical profession". He was instrumental in the production of the first BMA Torture Report and, at the time of his death, was working closely with a BMA working party on a further report. The following is a transcript of the talk given by Dr. Dawson at the XIX Tromso Seminar in Medicine on Torture and the Medical Profession. Language: en


Objective:To investigate the relationship between various occlusal contacts,different post-core systems and the stress distribution of residual tooth structure.Methods:By SCT scanning,a three dimensional finite element model of maxillary central incisor restored was set p and analyzed after post-core restorations with four different materials,including cast Ni-Cr alloy,fiber post,cast gold alloy and ZrO2.Results:The stress distribution varied together with different occlusal contacts.The stress level at the apical third of the tooth restored with the fiber post is the smallest.Conclusion:Not only the post-core system but also the occlusal contact should be considerd sufficiently to improve the design of post and tooth preparation.


The article presents a comparative study of the stories "The Brown Hand" by Arthur Conan Doyle and "The Moonlight Sonata" by Vladimir Fedorov in terms of the Gothic aesthetics. There are significant typological similarities, in particular, in developing the redemption of guilt plot with consequent events such as the main character's arrival at his relative's house, an encounter with supernatural phenomena, a search for assistance and a final redemption from the curse. The stories have similar systems of characters: an elderly family member, his young relative with rational views, a restless ghost, and a minor character, an innocent victim of the ominous events. In the both stories, the Gothic chronotope is concentrated around a remote place, where events happen mostly at night. As significant are the parallels in the key motifs: the motifs of estrangement and fear, creating a peculiarly gloomy atmosphere (appearance of ghosts); the plot-building motif of a fatal secret and supernatural invasion, which convey the motifs of prosecution and guilt; and the double-vector motif of redemption.


In this paper, we report on a new selfaligned vertical mirror MEM optical switch by electrostatic actuation. The device is composed of a vertical mirror, a cantilever and V-grooves. The mirror and V-grooves are fabricated in a one-lever mask by bulk micromachining of (100) monocrystalline silicon with anisotropic wet etchants. The fabrication process will be validated by experiment.


The aims of this research are to know : (1) The influence of CSR to firm
value (2) The influence of Profitability as the moderating variable in relations
between CSR and firm value (3) The differences of CSR disclosures before and
after the application of the law of the Republic of Indonesia number 40 in 2007
concerning company act.
This research sample is CSR disclosure on manufacture sector in 2006
and 2008 by using method of purposive sampling. There are 21 companies in
2006 and 42 companies in 2008 which fulfilling criterion as this research sample.
The analysis method of this research is simple regression analysis and multiple
regression analysis.
The result of research show that the effect of CSR on firm value was
significant. But, profitability as the moderating variable in relation between CSR
and firm value was not significant. There is difference in CSR disclosure before
and after the application of the law of the Republic of Indonesia number 40 in
2007 concerning company act .


Complex formation between poly(5-vinyltetrazole) and Cu 2+ ions in aqueous solution was studied by potentiometric titration, viscometry, and EPR spectroscopy. It was shown that, at low extents of neutralization, the double-strand portions of poly(5-vinyltetrazole) chains are involved in complex formation. As pH increases, these portions are destroyed, and the copper ions bonded to two tetrazole units lose one of the ligands.


Schistosomiasis is among the most prevalent human parasitic diseases, affecting more than 200 million people in the developing world [1]. Indeed, some estimates suggest the global disease-associated disability resulting from schistosomiasis may reach levels on par with global killers including malaria, tuberculosis, or HIV/AIDS [2], [3]. The causative agents of this disease are flatworms (Schistosoma or blood flukes) that feed on blood in the veins surrounding the host's intestine or bladder. These worms produce hundreds to thousands of eggs per day, many of which lodge in host tissues and cause diverse pathologies, including hepatic fibrosis, splenomegaly, and in some cases, perhaps cancer. Despite the grim statistics, only a single therapeutic agent (praziquantel) is currently used to treat schistosome infection. With the looming possibility that praziquantel-resistant Schistosoma strains could arise, an urgent need exists to identify novel therapeutic agents to combat these parasites.


The construction of electrochromic multilayers on textiles is described. Polyester foils are sputtered with a thin layer of translucent indium tin oxide (ITO). On these ITO layers, WO3 and polyaniline (PANI), respectively, are deposited electrochemically in a continuous process. Both the PANI- and WO3-based materials are equipped with an ion-conductive interface layer composed of lithium poly(styrene sulfonate). Electrochromic elements are made by laminating a PANI- and a WO3-modified substrates together and by fixing the final material on textile substrates. Electrical control is realized by connecting a metallic fabric to each of the two electrochromic parts of the element. The electrochromic behavior of these materials can be switched reversibly within a few minutes.


The article explains the concept of SEO-promotion. This is one of the most common Internet marketing tools. SEO allows you to provide a high level of traffic to the website. Site traffic on both quantitative and qualitative indicators with minimal budgets.


Aim To explore the rule of perception factors in the man-machine interface design. Methods The definition of the perception factors,types of feeling and definition and design philosophy of the man-machine interface were introduced from a single image of man-machine interaction interface and the application of perception factors in the design process of HongFu pulse acupuncture apparatus is analyzed exhaustively. Results Perception factors are important in the interface design of HongFu pulse acupuncture apparatus. Conclusion Perception factors play an important role in conveying correct information in the man-machine interface design and reducing the frequency of operation errors.


A chaotic synchronization secure communication system based on incoherent optical feedback and incoherent optical injection was numerically studied.The system is a Pecora-Carroll chaotic synchronization system.Based on the Lang-Kobayashi rate equation,theoretical model of the transmitter and the receiver laser was established.The characteristics of the system,such as synchronization time,synchronization error, chaos shift keying encode/decode and modulation rate were analyzed by using the model.The results of simulation show that the system has good synchronization quality and good abilities of robust secure.Meanwhile the synchronization time is about 1 ns,and the chaos shift keying encoding reach a high rate of 1 Gbit/s.The results have significant reference value to design of the chaotic synchronization secure communication system based on incoherent optical feedback and incoherent optical injection.


In response to Charlesworth's critique (Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 8, no. 1 October, 1980) of his 1979 Journal of Peasant Studies article, (vol. 6, no. 2, January) Wells adduces further evidence in support of his argument that covert rather than overt protest was more significant in the English countryside in the early nineteenth century. Implicit in Wells' original postulating of the enduring nature of covert protest was a plea for astudy of everyday life rather than concentration on so‐called historical landmarks. Here he offers some preliminary findings concerning Burwash, a large, 'open' village in the East Sussex Weald. He finishes by stressing that the identical experiences of counties like Essex, Suffolk and Sussex, with important differences between their rural economies, prove the significance of covert protest in general and arson in particular.


FeS2 Nanocrystal Ink as a Catalytic Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Calligraphic counter electrodes : An important photovoltaic application using FeS2 nanocrystal (NC) pyrite ink to fabricate a counter electrode as an alternative to Pt in dye-sensitized solar cells is demonstrated. FeS2 NC ink exhibits excellent electrochemical catalytic activity and remarkable electrochemical stability. ITO = indium-doped tin oxide. Angewandte Chemie


Some years ago we presented a novel approach to the active learning of greedy algorithms. The approach was two-fold: an experimental method and the interactive assistant GreedEx that supports it. In this paper we present a refinement of the different elements of our approach, based on our experience of 5 years using and evaluating it in a course on algorithms. Firstly, usability evaluations were conducted to check the adequacy of GreedEx to its intended aims, so they guided the evolution of GreedEx. Secondly, the analysis of students' reports allowed us to identify unexpected misconceptions, which convinced us of the necessity of several didactic interventions. Our findings suggest that we succeeded both in obtaining an attractive and effective tool and in removing severe students' misconceptions. We consider that the paper is interesting to CS education researchers because of its specific contributions to the teaching of algorithms, and also as an example of a multifaceted, medium-term CS education research.


A molecular cloud (considered as a point macroparticle) represents a clump of increased mass density moving in the disk of a galaxy. Its presence generates a gravitational polarization of the disk, somewhat analogous to the polarization of a dielectric medium by a test charged particle. This means that the cloud travels along with a wakefield (a region of increased mass density) which is the collective response of the stars and gas to the perturbing mass. It can represent many times the mass of the cloud, and emits spiral density waves which propagate away. In terms of statistical mechanics, this wakefield will appear as an increased two-particle correlation function which is the equivalent of the Debye sphere in a plasma - despite the absence here of negative charges. At short distances clouds will thus interact through their own gravitational field amplified by their wakefields, which might thus strongly affect their collisionality. Researchers present a calculation of this wakefield and discuss its importance in the collisional dynamics of molecular clouds.


Pulse generators (PGs) are equipped to detect the rotor frequency of induction traction motors for torque control in railway vehicle traction field. Eliminating PGs is preferable from the viewpoints of increasing the reliability of the traction system, reduction of both the initial and maintenance cost, and downsizing induction traction motors. Expecting those advantages, we have been studying the application of a sensorless control method to induction traction motor control. Prior to some reports of studies and tests to apply speed sensorless strategy to railway vehicle traction we launched ideas to apply the speed sensorless control strategy and results of the studies and tests. In this paper, we present the novel control method for railway vehicle traction and some results of theoretical study and tests. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(2): 69–77, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20273


For a number of years, we have witnessed a strong impulse toward a complete reorganization of territories within France. The traditional Republican distribution of constituencies (state, departments, municipalities) has been called into question. The reorganization of these constituencies is part of a general process of decentralization initiated in 1982. A tremendous amount of legislative work has been under way since 1998, including the law of July 12, 1999, on intermunicipal links, the law of  2000 on solidarity and urban renewal (SRU), and the blueprint law of June 21, 1999, on territorial development. Such reallocations were mainly a response to a state in crisis in a new situation brought about by the internationalization of exchanges and globalization. However, these changes were also meant to promote new forms of local democracy. In that sense, they broke from the traditional conception of a state that is distrustful of local powers seen as potential opposition forces and restricted to a role of management. Territorial reorganization is therefore to be seen from the dual viewpoint of efficient management and democratic progress.


Abstract: Victorian Britons were interested in encounters between humans and fish for many reasons: fishing for sport as opposed to food gathering was expanding rapidly in popularity; fishing was practiced by many different people in many ways around the world; and fish populations were visibly suffering from pollution, overfishing, and terrain modification. This article analyzes the changing meanings of these encounters through addressing the beliefs about fish pain held by Victorian anglers. These beliefs were intertwined with ideas about race, food, civilization, and class. Elite British anglers increasingly understood their relationship with fish and their own capacity to feel pain (and to judge others' pain) as a justification of their place as the managers and stewards of all fisheries, not just those in Britain.


The chiral 2,5,8-triazabicyclo[7.4.01,9]tridecane (L1), an analogue of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, (L2) that has a trans-cyclohexane ring fused to the tacn framework, forms bis complexes with a wide range of metal ions where two geometric forms may exist depending on the relative locations of the substituent cyclohexane units. For the crystal structure of bis(RR-2,5,8-triazabicyclo[7.4.01,9]tridecane)nickel(II) nitrate, two macrocyclic ligands each occupy a face on opposite sides of the metal-centred octahedron, with the cyclohexane rings, when viewed down an axis passing through the centre of these faces and the metal, arranged in an anti disposition. However, the crystal structure of bis(RR-2,5,8-triazabicyclo[7.4.01,9]tridecane)chromium(III) perchlorate shows the cyclohexane rings disposed in the alternate syn arrangement. Isomerism is defined simply by the spatial disposition of macrocycle substituents. Isomeric preference has been probed by a molecular mechanics analysis, including an energy profile analysis as one macrocycle is rotated relative to the other. The force field calculations predict very small differences between isomers, but a large barrier to interconversion by a twist mechanism. Complexation of L1 with a range of labile metal(II) ions has been probed by determination of apparent stability constants via spectrophotometric titrations. In general, formation constants of L1 complexes are similar to or even slightly higher than the unsubstituted 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L2) analogues, consistent with no strong steric influence of the fused cyclohexane rings in L1 and with differences in properties reflecting minor electronic effects and ligand flexibility differences resulting from substitution.


1. A method for stabilizing power, comprising: a first accumulator accumulating energy produced by the energy source when it exceeds the current load power demand, if the amount of energy in the first battery reaches the first maximum level; iakkumulirovanie second energy accumulator, the energy produced by the source when it exceeds the current load power demand, and when the amount of energy in the first battery is in the first maximum level if the amount of energy in the second battery reaches a second maximum urovnya.2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: energy transfer from the first battery into the second battery when the amount of energy in the first battery reaches the first maximum level; iprekraschenie energy transfer from the first battery into the second battery when the amount of energy in the first battery reaches the first predetermined level, or the amount of energy in the second battery reaches a second maximum urovnya.3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: supplying energy to the load from the first battery when the current load in power demand exceeds the power provided by the power source if the amount of energy in the first battery reaches the first minimum level; and supply line to the load energy from the second battery when the current load in power demand exceeds the power provided by the power source, and when the amount of energy in the first battery is in the first minimum level, if the amount of energy in the second battery reaches a second minute


The successful penetration of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power systems in the energy market largely depends on the achievable turbomachinery efficiencies. The present study illustrates a systematic framework where both the compressor and the turbine are designed via validated (within ±2% pts against experiments) mean-line tools, and the subsequent impact on cycle performance estimates is quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. A significant effort is devoted to the analysis of centrifugal compressors that operate close to the thermodynamic critical point, where sharp variations in the thermodynamic properties may make the compression process critical. The analysis is performed for different compressor sizes and pressure ratios, showing a comparatively small contribution of the compressor-intake fluid conditions to the machine efficiency, which may achieve competitive values (82–85%) for representative full-scale sizes. Two polynomial correlations for both the turbomachinery efficiencies are devised as a function of proper similarity parameters accounting for machine sizes and loading. Such correlations can be easily embedded in power cycle optimizations, which are usually carried out assuming constant turbomachinery efficiencies, thus ignoring the effects of plant size and cycle operating parameters. Efficiency correlations are finally exploited to perform several optimizations of a representative recompression sCO2 cycle, by varying multiple cycle parameters, namely maximum and minimum temperature, pressure ratio, and net power output. The results highlight that the replacement of the constant-efficiency assumption with the proposed correlations leads to more accurate performance predictions (e.g., cycle efficiency can differ by more than 4% pts), besides demonstrating that an optimal pressure ratio exists in the range 2–5 for all the investigated configurations.


A review of published papers on Internet-based education reveals that there are at least four obstacles to Internet-based teaching: institutional (for example,financial support from the university to develop the Internet technology), instructional (for example, time commitment by faculty in developing the course or the program), technical (for instance, equipment reliability), and personal (for example, faculty I student technological competence, and attitudes toward acceptance of the Internet) (Piotrowski & Vodanovich, 2000). This research deals with "personal" obstacles to Internet-based instruction. Specifically, the question, "What are the cognitive, affective, and behavioural responses of enrolling distance education students in a traditional print-based environment to the introduction of Internet-Connect ed-Computer Requirement (ICCR) " is addressed. An empirical analysis of surveyed belieft feelings, and intentions regarding ICCR suggests that even though students believe that ICCR will cost them money, they do recognise the importance of computing and Internet skills for employment. This results in students assimilating the negatives associated with ICCR and feeling positive or happy about the stimulus. It is suggested that print-based distance education providers adopt ICCR to compete with corporate universities such as Motorola.


This paper is devoted to a discussion of the use of nonlinear multiobjective models for the analysis of environmental policy. The central focus of the paper is on an interactive procedure by way of a so-called displaced ideal approach. The conflicting nature of multiple objectives in a spatial and environmental system is analyzed by means of a spatial variant of the 'keeping up with the Joneses' effect. Geometric programming appears to be a useful tool to solve these nonlinear spatial—environmental multiobjective models.


I rise from my seat And start pardoning my way to the aisle For the cartoon is just past and the news is here again... Because we feel that Keith Shillington is writing the most outsanding poetry on our campus, Shetch is pleased to devote the following four pages to his most recent work. The Great Circle I rise from my seat And start pardoning my way to the aisle For the cartoon is just past and the news is here again. Looking up—suddenly I see among the rick-racked people You and her— She is caught in the quarter-crescent of your arm Safe and wanted in the flash and roar of the bomb filled screen. You are holding her as though the fact Secures your future Until this dream-shadowed time scuds away, Leaving the bright new sky. Yes, suck life to the cling-stone As you suck the ripe red plums And bury the pit, For while the bombs come squealing Through the star-stabbed night And the machine gun spits its chattering teeth Sowing death-fire in your flesh, The rain falls unknowingly And the sun begs life up again. There on bomb-torn Malta the daisies burst, screen floweredGrass is already covering the scarsTime travels her cycle— This too is where I came in—


Abstract Two new combinations in the Morinaceae are proposed for the Flora of China: Acanthocalyx nepalensis (D. Don) M. J. Cannon subsp. delavayi (Franch.) D. Y. Hong and Morina ludlowii (M. J. Cannon) D. Y. Hong. Lectotypes are designated for three names in the Valerianaceae, Valeriana daphniflora Hand.-Mazz., V. stenoptera Diels, and V. stenoptera var. cardaminea Hand.-Mazz.


Objective To assess the affective factors in endoscopicsinus surgery(ESS).Method The effects of 500 cases with chronic nasosinusitis and nasal polyps underwent ESS were observed.Results The clinical cure rate of type I,II,and III were 92.82%,76.95% and 52.17%,respectively.The differences between the three groups were significant(P0.05).Conclusion Preoperative assess and ESS are the key to increase the cure rate.Other important factors are adequate application of antibiotic and steroid hormone,could enhance the cure rate and reduce the recurrence.


Temporal lobe pathologies have often been associated with psychiatric symptoms. Left temporal lobe pathologies usually present with localizing neurological signs, however, right temporal lobe pathologies often go undetected. Here, we describe a case with unique psychopathology in form of musical hallucinations as the only silent manifestation of underlying right temporal lobe stroke. Case presentation, inherent diagnostic dilemma, and innovative treatment methodology have been described.


In order to solve the problems of the lack of a unified personnel management system and the difficulty of manual supervision in the management of movie theater enterprises, this paper proposes a personnel dress code detection algorithm based on convolutional neural network cascade. The algorithm uses two Retinanet network models to cascade to detect target objects. The first network model detects large target objects, and the second network model performs secondary detection on the detected personnel target objects to detect the personnel's clothing target objects. At the same time, the deep separable convolutional layer is used to replace the conventional convolutional layer in the backbone network of Retinanet network model, which reduces the number of parameters of the network model and improves the detection speed of the algorithm. Finally, an improved regression loss function LIoU is proposed to further improve the detection accuracy of the algorithm. The experimental results show that: on the collected data set, the average detection accuracy (mAP) of the algorithm in this paper reaches 56.9%, and the detection time is 0.083 seconds per frame. And at the same detection speed, the average detection accuracy is improved by 4.9% compared to using a single network model.


: Environment is the nature and surrounding in which all plants, animals, human being and others living and non living things on the other hands women are better half part of society. Relationship between women and environment are closely connected. They are the manager of resources of the family and directly collect water and fuel from the nature. Women are playing a key role in protection of environment and its preservation. The publication of "Women's Role in Economic Development" by Ester Boserup in 1970 made emphasized on women role in protection and preservation of environment. Now women are understanding impact of environmental degradation on society and therefore they are working for the protection of environment for the future generations. The World Bank report, 1991 said that women were playing an essential role in management of natural resources, including soil, water, forest and energy and also have past and present knowledge regarding the natural world or environment around them. India's Chipko movement, Narmada Bachao Andolon, Kenya's Green Belt movement and others various women movement took place for the protection of environment. Environmentalist activist like Jane Goodall, Greta Thunberg, Malaika Lorraine Vandana Narraine, Sumaira Abdulali, Kinkari Devi, Medha Patkar, Menaka Gandhi and many more are playing a key role for the protection of environment. In the 42 nd Amendment Act of 1976 of the Indian constitution have made a fundamental duty to protect and improve of the natural environment. Women roles in protection will be become more active and fruitful when men of the society stand with the women by holding hand in hand.


The present invention relates to a piezoelectric device and a method of manufacturing micro-speakers using a MEMS, piezoelectric elements using MEMS micro-speaker according to the present invention includes a substrate; The elastic thin film formed on the substrate; A piezoelectric layer formed on the elastic film; Electrode layer formed on the upper or upper and lower portions of the piezoelectric layer; And it is formed in a lower portion of the acoustic thin film of the substrate is exposed to lower the etching comprises a resonance change of changing the resonance frequency. Thereby, the production is easy, and to reduce the abrupt change of the output sound pressure of the micro-speakers, to increase the volume of the output sound pressure, there is an advantage capable of providing a micro-speaker that noise is minimized by the resonant frequency. MEMS, piezoelectric micro-speaker, the resonance


AbstractUsing a polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar to distinguish Bragg scatterers from insects and birds in an optically clear atmosphere has the potential to provide information on convective boundary layer depth. Measured median differential reflectivities ZDR of Bragg scatterers lie between −0.08 and 0.06 dB, which supports the hypothesis that the intrinsic ZDR of Bragg scatters is 0 dB. Thus, the intrinsic 0 dB of Bragg scatter can be used for verifying of ZDR radar calibration. Measured copolar correlation coefficients ρhv have distributions peaked at about 0.998–1.0. If insects and birds are spatially separated from Bragg scatterers, the dual-polarization capability of the WSR-88D allows distinguishing echoes from these two types of scatterers since ZDR from biota is significantly larger than 0 dB. In mixtures of Bragg and biota scatter, polarimetric spectral analysis shows differences in portions of the H and V spectra where birds and insects could be contaminatin...


On April 3, 2003, the Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China released a report entitled Human Rights Record of the United States in 2002.
Following is the full text of the document:


1Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Subharti Dental College Meerut, firstname.lastname@example.com 2Private Practitioner, Meerut, firstname.lastname@example.com 3Reader, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, email@example.com 4Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut 5MDS, Private Practitioner, New Delhi, email@example.com To cite: Raghav P, Singh S, Khera A, Kumar A, Sager A. A Com parative Evaluation of Condylar Position in Class II Division 2 Malocclusion between Preand Postalignment and Leveling Phase. Journal of Con temporary Orthodontics, February 2018, Vol 2, Issue 1 (page 24-29).


Located at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] comprises only 1-2 mol% of total PM lipids. With its synthesis and turnover both spatially and temporally regulated, PI(4,5)P2 recruits and interacts with hundreds of cellular proteins to support a broad spectrum of cellular functions. Several factors contribute to the versatile and dynamic distribution of PI(4,5)P2 in membranes. Physiological multivalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ can bridge between PI(4,5)P2 headgroups, forming nanoscopic PI(4,5)P2-cation clusters. The distinct lipid environment surrounding PI(4,5)P2 affects the degree of PI(4,5)P2 clustering. In addition, diverse cellular proteins interacting with PI(4,5)P2 can further regulate PI(4,5)P2 lateral distribution and accessibility. This review summarizes the current understanding of PI(4,5)P2 behavior in both cells and model membranes, with emphasis on both multivalent cation- and protein-induced PI(4,5)P2 clustering. Understanding the nature of spatially separated pools of PI(4,5)P2 is fundamental to cell biology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 90 is June 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


Larvae of 60 genera representing the following families and subfamilies of Scarabaeoidea were studied and analysed phylogenetically: Lucanidae (Aesalinae, Nicaginae, Syndesinae, Lampriminae, Lucaninae), Passalidae (Passalinae, Aulacocyclinae), Trogidae, Pleocomidae, Geotrupidae (Taurocerastinae, Lethrinae, Geotrupinae), Bolboceratidae, Ceratocanthidae, Hybosoridae, Glaphyridae, Scarabaeidae (Aphodiinae, Scarabaeinae, Melolonthinae, Dynastinae, Cetoniinae). Seventy-eight larval morphological characters were employed in the analysis. Our data confirm that Dascillidae are not closely related to Scarabaeoidea. The monophyly of the superfamily is supported by 20 apomorphic character states, 18 of them unique. Monophyly of the following scarabaeoid clades is supported (with the number of larval synapomorphies followed by the bootstrap value in parentheses): Scarabaeoidea without Passalidae (6/67), Passalidae (9/100), Pleocomidae (11/93), Trogidae (8/93), Glaphyridae (10/96), Lucanidae (9/95), Ceratocanthidae + Hybosoridae (5/74), Scarabaeinae (9/98). The family Ceratocanthidae was found to be paraphyletic with respect to Hybosoridae. Monophyly of the family Scarabaeidae is not supported. The resolution of the basal parts of the strict consensus tree is higher when using Dascillidae + Eulichadidae v. Agyrtidae + Helophoridae as an outgroup, but the differences in topology become insignificant after bootstrapping. It is suggested that larval morphology alone is not an adequate tool to address basal relationships of Scarabaeoidea and a total evidence analysis should be performed.


The development of a Movable Page-Based Interactive Book on Numbers in Elementary Schools aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the product being developed. The use of teaching materials has an important role including the role for students, teachers in classical learning, groups and individuals. An interactive book based on Movable Pages is a teaching material that is systematically arranged to help students understand the concept of numbers in elementary schools. This study uses a development research approach by applying the ADDIE Model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation).  Research that has been carried out up to the Development stage. Based on the results of the research that the development of movable page-based interactive books on number material of n elementary schools was developed declared and valid by 4 (four) validators, with a percentage of 90.4% in the very valid cate-gory. In the implementation stage, namely the product trial stage, namely one-to-one and small group trials which were carried out in class V students at SD Negeri 11 Sungai Pinang as many as 21 students, the results of the student questionnaire recapitulation were 89.7% with the very good category. Thus, from the several stages that have been passed in this study, it was found that the Movable Page-Based Interactive Book on Numbers Material in Elementary Schools is valid and practical. This interactive book can help elementary school teachers so that students can easily understand number material in learning mathematics and fur-ther researchers can continue this research to determine the effectiveness of interactive book products and can develop interactive books for other materials in learning mathematics in elementary schools.


Shangjr (Felix) Gwo, a professor of physics at National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), assumed directorship of the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Taiwan, on August 1, 2014. The handover ceremony was hosted by the chairman of the NSRRC Board of Trustees, Lih J. Chen. Chen commented positively on Gwo's comprehensive administrative experience, outstanding scientific research, and superb talent in industrial cooperation and leadership.


A 70-year-old patient developed severe constrictive pericarditis with exertional dyspnea, lethargy and marked peripheral edema four months after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome. The diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and computed tomography. Despite the short duration of the disease, the pericardium showed fibrosis and had a thickness of approximately 6 mm. The patient underwent pericardiectomy, with a satisfactory outcome. Hemopericardium due to coronary microperforation was suspected to be responsible for the development of constrictive pericarditis. This unusual mid-term complication of percutaneous coronary intervention has rarely been reported and should be suspected in this particular clinical setting.


Close-up coal mining,coal mining face of pressure from the regular support to the rock of the tunnel near the coal mining brought about by the impact,which in practice to find out in the different regions and different coal mining when the pressure of supporting the distribution and dissemination of the actual situation of stress,For engineering design and provide a reliable basis for reasonable support to avoid pressure on the roadway.


The cDNA of lumbrokinase F-Ⅲ-1,849 base pair in length, based on the modification of rare codons,was synthesized and subcloned into a mammary-gland-specific expression vector,forming plasmid pBLK,in which the upstream promoter of caprine beta-casein was used as the regulatory sequence.Then the expression cassette was cloned into pLNCL to construct the recombinant vector pLN-BCP-LK.The results of FAPA showed that transient expression of lumbrokinase was gained by injecting the two plasmids into the lactaing mammary gland of cows.The fibrinolysis activity of the milk was the highest in 6~16 hours after injection.Statistic analysis showed that there was significant difference between 500 μg pBLK and others.But there was no significant difference between pBLK and pLN-BCP-LK.The study showed that the reconstructed lumbrokinase gene could be expressed transiently in the lactaing mammary gland of cows and the best expressed effect was gained in 500 μg dose injection.


Young children with developmental (cognitive) delays experience unusual difficulties in establishing relationships with their peers and developing friendships. A conceptual model of children's peer-related social competence is presented by identifying information-processing and emotional regulation processes governing the production of social strategies occurring during social tasks. Contemporary family factors and children's cognitive, communicative, and behavioral characteristics that influence the development of these processes are discussed and form the framework for designing intervention programs to promote children's peer-related social competence. The interplay between the fields of child development and developmental disabilities is emphasized. MRDD Research Reviews 1999; 5:21–29. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


A number of application require compact low-power gyrotrons with relatively low operating currents. In order to provide the start of such gyrotrons, one should use long-length operating cavities with high diffraction Q-factors, and, therefore, with significant losses of the radiated wave power due to Ohmic heating of the cavity wall. In this paper, we demonstrate that in low-voltage gyrotrons there is a possibility for stable operation at higher order axial modes possessing relatively low diffraction Q-factors. An enhanced efficiency of the beam-wave interaction is provided due to the excitation of such modes in the traveling-wave-tube regime.


Presentation of Case A three-year-old boy was referred to the hospital for cardiac evaluation because of a murmur that was increasing in volume. He was born of a full-term second pregnancy to a mot...


Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a progression of disease in the liver for more than 6 months which includes, progressive destruction of liver parenchyma followed by regeneration and fibrosis which leads to cirrhosis. The prevalence rate of CLD was estimated around 1.5 billion worldwide. Among the causes in 2016, cirrhosis holds the 11th place in the order of mortality and 15th place in the order of morbidity worldwide and in 2017, CLD caused death around 1.32 million.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the drug practice pattern in CLD patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational, and cross sectional study was done at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre. A total of 105 CLD patients were included in the study after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Prescriptions were reviewed to know the prescribing indicators and patient indicators.

Results: One hundred and five prescription were reviewed, out of which the most commonly prescribed drugs were, antiulcer drug group 56 (53%), hepatoprotective agents 53 (50%), anti-microbial agents 39 (37%) followed by nutrients supplements 17 (16%), laxatives 13 (12%), and diuretics 10(8.5%).

Conclusion: The most commonly prescribed drugs were antiulcer drug to reduce the gastric secretion, hepatoprotective agents to improve the liver function, and anti-microbial agents to decrease the secondary bacterial infections.


It The giant squid in legends grabs sailors and clutches hapless ships; in real life it seldom comes to the surface of the sea. But visitors to the Smithsonian Institution's Museum of Natural History can now view a 450pound specimen, preserved in 125 gallons of alcohol. Clyde F. E. Roper, the Smithsonian zoologist who studies squid and its other cephalopod relatives octopi, cuttlefish and chambered Nautili says the Smithsonian is "the only U. S. museum with an actual specimen of giant squid on display." The particular giant squid that is on display was washed ashore on Plum Island off the coast of Massachusetts in February 1980. It was the first giant squid to be found stranded on a U.S. beach in 20 years. Tossed about by waves, the squid's two long feeding tentacles and most of the arm tips were broken off, and much of its maroon-colored skin was rubbed away. But otherwise the specimen, still 12 feet long and with 10-inch-diameter eyes intact, is in "very good shape," Roper says. Scientists surmise that this squid was half-grown at the time of its death, only about 30 feet long. The largest giant squid are 60 feet, tip of tentacles to tip of tail. It took four men to carry the squid off the Plum Island beach on a stretcher. Then the specimen was displayed at the New England Aquarium in Boston before being moved to the Smithsonian. After it is displayed in Washington for a year, Roper plans to dissect the giant squid to learn more about its anatomy. "We have a tremendous number of unanswered questions about giant squid," he says. Roper estimates there are millions of giant squid in the oceans, and the number is probably increasing as the population of whales, which eat giant squid, decreases. But they are seldom caught in fishing nets, so there are only about a hundred specimens or parts available to scientists. Most of these specimens were washed ashore, dying or dead. Others were picked up as they floated on the ocean surface or were removed from the stomachs of stranded sperm whales. Roper believes it unlikely that a giant squid will soon be captured alive or observed in its natural habitat, so those who study the creatures must make do with rare remains. "Our objective [in displaying the specimen] is to try to show people that giant squid are real," Roper says. "Biology is more interesting than fables." Although the myths of monstrous animals are exaggerated, these animals truly are giants, he says. Adults are 60 times the length and 1,000 times the weight of the commonplace squid, which are served Italian-style as calamari and Japanesestyle as ika (for example in a type of sushi). Roper reports from bitter experience that the taste of giant squid is chiefly that of ammonia. Subsequent to that disappointment, he discovered the buoyancy of the heavy animal is due to the high concentration of ammonium ions in its muscles. When the Smithsonian's giant squid specimen goes off display, Roper plans to map the digestive, circulatory and reproductive systems. "They haven't been worked out before," he says. He and colleagues also hope to learn what the animal ate, its sex and state of maturity and whether it harbored any parasites. They plan to do the dissection so that the outer form of the specimen remains intact, and it may continue to fill the previous gap in the Smithsonian's cephalopod collection. Meeting with reporters the day before the squid went on display, and the day of President Reagan's State of the Union address, Roper was asked to describe "the state of the squid." His squid assessment was far more positive than Reagan's national one. "It's fabulous, a wonderful specimen," Roper replied. "It's valuable both scientifically and for the public." D E


approaches' (p. 187) of various unnamed writersçRichard Parks's The Music of Claude Debussy (New Haven, 1989) is in the Bibliographyçgive a clue to his position. For Code it is the 'more nuanced, culturalhistorical and literary-critical sensitivity' of critical approaches that have 'the potential to restore to a hearing of this exquisitely literary musical art some of the Baudelairean and Mallarme¤ an depths so often effaced by modernist technocratic methods' (pp. 187^8).This is a perfectly reasonable way of responding to the state of musical things in France today: a situation in which Boulez's uncompromisingly intense take on Mallarme¤ (Pli selon pli) or the possible ways of associating composers like Ge¤ rard Grisey and even Pascal Dusapin (suitable candidates for future Critical Lives?) with an intransigence closer to Beckett than to Baudelaire, can suggest very different aesthetic qualities from those of an 'exquisitely literary musical art'. As the Debussy centenary of 2018 appears on the horizon, some such sense of his true and proper distance from present-day concerns is well worth contemplating. ARNOLDWHITTALL Emeritus, King's College, London


Abstract The physical characteristics of Korea have had a profound impact on the uses of the coastal zone that have, in turn, been determined by and reinforced the nation's economic development strategy. While coastal zone management in many developed economies is more heavily oriented toward environmental protection and the resolution of user conflicts, policies for coastal zone management in Korea have emphasized the role of coastal space and other resources for economic development and industrial needs. Increasing demand for land reclamation to provide ever‐increasing industrial sites and human settlements, traditional and future needs of the fishery, and concern for the environment have led to a vast array of competition and, finally, often to conflicts. The basic pattern of coastal zone use in Korea has changed from the linear expansion of coastal zone to integrated coastal uses. An increased number of critical coastal zone issues and interactions was reflected in the creation of new governance that ...


Introduction Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography is an essential non-invasive tool for the evaluation and management of patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension (cPHT). Clinicians commonly use these non invasive procedures to assess pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction.  This study focused on evaluating the correlation between new measures of RV ejection [time to onset, time to peak, and the duration of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) spectral signal] to the more commonly considered techniques mentioned beforehand.


Periodic potentials, such as photonic crystals and optical lattices, have shown great abil - ity to manipulate the dynamics of photonic and atomic waves. The interplay of the peri odic potentials and material nonlinearity (self-focusing or defocusing) can create and stabilize several types of solitons, including ordinary and gap solitons, which populate, respectively, in the semi-infinite gap and finite bandgaps of the corresponding linear spectrum. Besides, lattice defects have also been used to construct solitons. This review reports the generation of two-dimensional (2D) solitons in lattice potentials with local defects, under the self-focusing nonlinearity. The numerical analysis demonstrates a novel kind of embedded solitons (or intraband solitons), which are continuous families of 2D localized modes (different from isolated solutions reported before in usual embed -ded-soliton models) embedded into the first and second Bloch bands of the underlying linear spectrum, and pinned to the defect, which determines the spatial position of the modes. We call these modes embedded defect solitons . Further, double, triple, and quadru ple lattice defects can also support stable dipole-mode solitons and vortices. In addition to that, combined linear and nonlinear lattice potentials are also used to construct stable fundamental solitons, gap ones, and solitary vortices. them pseudopotentials in that context), in the form of nonlinear lattices (NLs). The NLs, as the induced pseudopotentials with periodically modulated local strength sign of the nonlinearity. In optics, NLs may be built as material structures with spatially periodic modulations of the local Kerr nonlinearity or other nonlinear coefficients. In terms of BEC, NLs may be engineered via the Feshbach resonance mechanism by using spatially periodic external fields to induce the local nonlinearity [17]. The the soliton dynam ics in NLs, and in NL-LL combinations, have been comprehensively in recent review


In this paper, we obtain exact solutions of the following rational difference equation
$ x_{n+1}=\frac{x_{n}x_{n-2}x_{n-4}}{ x_{n-1}x_{n-3}(a_{n}+b_{n}x_{n}x_{n-2}x_{n-4})}, $ where $a_{n}$ and $b_{n}$ are random real sequences, by using the technique of Lie symmetry analysis. Moreover, we discuss the periodic nature and behavior of solutions for some special cases. This work is a generalization of some works by Elsayed and Ibrahim in [E.M.Elsayed, T. F. Ibrahim, { Solutions and periodicity of a rational recursive sequences of order five}, Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Sciences Society 38:1 (2015), 95-112].


The chemical constitution, physical-chemistry characteristics, absorption and metabolism process and production of an iron nutrient supplement NaFeEDTA were recommended in this summarization. The recent results of clinical trials and animal tests of the effect on absorption and retention of metal ions by NaFeEDTA in body were reviewed. Author analyzed the feasibility of interference by NaFeEDTA effecting the absorption and metabolism of nutrient elements in the body, and put forward that there is no significant effect with NaFeEDTA in the absorption and metabolism of metal ions and other nutrient elements. It could be concluded that NaFeEDTA is a safe and effective iron nutrient supplement at the present development level of study results.


This paper presents a new reliability-based incremental phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement method via an enumeration-based integer linear programming optimization approach. By evaluating the proposed reliability indices for node and system observability, incremental PMUs are sequentially placed on the locations where the reliability of entire system's observability can be best improved at each step. As a result, a pre-set desired reliability of the system's observability can be achieved while using the minimal number of PMUs. The proposed method is generic and flexible in a way that different kinds of failures that impact the reliability of system observability can be easily included in the method. The 1st-order and 2nd-order failures of PMUs and lines are considered in this paper. The proposed method is validated using a 4-node system, the IEEE 14-node system and the IEEE RTS 96 test system. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective and efficient in enhancing the reliability of observability for any system regardless of what the initial PMU placement of the system may be.


Abstract: According to the statistical assessment nearly 20 million low-birth-weight (LBW) babies are born each year, because of either preterm birth or impaired prenatal growth, mostly in less developed countries. They contribute substantially to a high rate of neonatal mortality whose frequency and distribution correspond to those of poverty. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an effective way to meet baby's needs for warmth, breastfeeding, protection from infection, stimulation, safety and love. Kangaroo mother care is care of preterm infants carried skin-to-skin with the mother. It is a powerful, easy-to-use method to promote the health and well-being of infants born preterm as well as full-term. KMC facilitates the initiation and establishment of breastfeeding in small infants and it normalize infant physiology improves weight gain and provide sense of security to the baby. It has been demonstrated that Kangaroo Mother Care is associated with increased survival and reduced hospital. Objectives 1) To assess the level of knowledge among the post-natal mothers of low-birth-weight babies regarding kangaroo mother care in selected hospital of Vrindavan. 2) To correlate the knowledge regarding Kangaroo Mother Care among the post-natal mothers of low-birth-weight babies with selected demographic variables. Methodology: This study was conducted to assess knowledge among the post-natal mothers regarding Kangaroo mother care in selected Hospital in Vrindavan, Mathura and the descriptive study design was selected. Population selected was post-natal mothers and sample size were 60.the consent was taken. The subjects were selected by convenient sampling technique. The structured questionnaires were distributed to the mothers of selected Low birth weight babies to assess their level of regarding Kangaroo Mother Care after obtaining an informed consent. Data was collected by using Structured Knowledge Questionnaire. A significant association was found between knowledge score and type of family and dietary habit whereas no significant association was found with age, religion, occupation of father, educational status of mother, family income and residential status Results: The study revealed that the level of knowledge among the mothers is 42(70%) had inadequate knowledge and 12(20%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 06(10%) had adequate knowledge regarding Kangaroo Mother Care. The chi-square test revealed that there was no significant association with age, occupation, monthly income, place of living, type of marriage, type of family, number of children and but there was significant association between religion. Keywords: Kangaroo mother care, Postnatal, Practice


The advancement of social computing on big data analytics create ease of doing analysis on various aspects of data mining through social media. One aspect which can be analyzed through social computing is banking services system. This research will focus on the association of consumer perceptions of services provided by the bank through the internet banking in Indonesia. The research data obtained by crawling data on social media such as Twitter and Kaskus. Text Network Analysis is used as a social computing analysis method. As a result of Text Network Analysis, we can see the dominant words are forming the networks and the association words. It forms the consumer's perceptions of services which provided by Internet Banking. The benefits of this study is the use of social computing in analyzing the bank's customer in order to increase the bank's image through customer perception on social media.


Abstract The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of a platinum 52 atomic % cobalt alloy has been measured at 298°K and 77°K. A single crystal of the tetragonal phase, with one predominant tetragonal orientation, has been shown to be strongly uniaxial with [001] as the easy direction. The anisotropy energy at 298°K can be represented by the equation E=K 0+K 1 sin2 Ψ, where K 0 is a constant, K 1 = 2·83 × 107 erg/cm3 and Ψ is the angle between the magnetization vector and the easy direction. It has also been shown that K 1 increases with the degree of long-range order but that the saturation magnetization decreases.


BACKGROUND
Many employees are required to travel by air as part of their work, and occupational physicians may be asked to give travel health advice and to carry out risk assessments.

AIMS
This review examines the stresses of air travel, including those due to travel to and transit through the airport, as well as those arising from the aircraft cabin environment. Guidance is given on the potential effects of these stressors, particularly on those with certain underlying medical conditions, and advice given on how to mitigate some of the effects. Finally, the review looks at in-flight medical incidents and recent developments in in-flight medical care.

CONCLUSION
Despite the stresses of air travel, most people are able to fly safely. Some individuals are more vulnerable to these stresses and occupational physicians have an important role in ensuring that an appropriate risk assessment is carried out.


Assessment of green residential buildings is a complex and integrated system engineering. The life-cycle stages should be considered in order to establish a comprehensive assessment system as indexes in each life-cycle stage are different. It is unscientific and ineffective to predict green performances only from a programming and design perspective. Based on the promotion of the objectives of green residential,a green residential evaluation system based on building life-cycle has been built from the following three perspectives:resource saving,environmental quality and operations management. The importance of each evaluation index in different stage is analyzed. The green level is assessed by improving multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.


The increasing use of fundamental rights arguments to protect weaker parties in contractual disputes in many European legal systems leads us to ask to what extent this will occur in the future rather than whether fundamental rights will have an impact on the relationships between private parties under contract law. One of the fundamental issues to be resolved in this respect is which body of law substantially determines the outcome of a contractual dispute between private parties - fundamental rights or contract law. The answer to this question is of crucial importance for the future of (European) contract law. It will determine whether contract law will be turned into a wholly malleable vehicle for promoting fundamental rights or whether contract law will enter into a dialogue with fundamental rights and remain decisive for the regulation of private law relationships generally, and in particular, for the protection of weaker parties. In German law there is a line of judicial authority subordinating contract law to the fundamental rights contained in the Federal Constitution. It is argued here that serious objections exist against such an approach.


Selection of therapy for primary breast cancer must be based on the stage of advancement. The Columbia clinical classification (stages A, B, C, D) is simple, precise and practiced and may be used to select therapy as well as to compare various forms of treatment. Recommendations for therapy are presented based on this classification.


Ensuring patient safety is a core component of our professional practice. Anesthesiologists are beginning to appreciate the important role they may play in infection control. Hand washing is considered crucial for reducing perioperative infection. Certain invasive medical specialties (surgery, anesthesiology, emergency, and intensive care medicine), high workload, and activities associated with a high risk for cross-transmission have been identified as risk factors for nonadherence to hand hygiene. An observational study carried out in a university hospital on 163 physicians found a 57% adherence on average with marked variations across medical specialties. Only 23% of anesthesiologists were compliant. This is surprising considering that hand disinfection may be achieved with simple measures. In a recent study, a novel personal hand decontamination device delivering an alcohol-based hand cleanser and capable of recording hand decontamination events was worn by healthcare workers in the operating theater. An audible alarm set for 6 minutes prompted providers to wash hands if there were no events recorded in that 6-minute interval. This simple intervention resulted in a 27-fold increase in the hourly hand decontamination events as compared with baseline rates, translating into a reduced risk of intraoperative bacterial transmission. Healthcareassociated infection rates were also reduced (3.8%) as compared with the control group (17.2%).


Objective:  The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of MS in a health maintenance organization from Buenos Aires, the largest populated area in Argentina.


This guide provides Wesleyan University graduate students with some recommended starting points for research as well as information about library services. Both library acquired and freely available resources are included. A few suggestions from the Science Librarian that will help you be a more efficient researcher.


Performance of micro-/poly-crystalline SiGe alloy solar cell of TCO/(n)a-Si:H/(i)a-Si/(p) c(pc)-SiGe/(p+)μc-Si/Al structure was analyzed via the AFORS-HET software. Cell structures can be designed to reach up to the optimal performance. Employment of back surface electric field layer of (p+)μc-Si could improve cell properties. The maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency η=21.48% occurs in a cell with average Ge percent content x0.1 and 250 m-thick Si1-xGex alloy light absorption layer, which is higher than the experimental result of the same absorption layer thickness crystalline Si HIT cell [Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 8 (2000) 503.]. Temperature dependence of the cell performance parameters (open circuit voltage Voc, circuit current density Jsc, fill factor FF and efficiency η) indicates that Si0.9Ge0.1 cell shows weaker temperature sensitivity than that of pure Si cell. Numerical calculation illustrates that Voc decreases while Jsc, FF and η heighten with raising mean grain sizes and crystalline volume fractions, these variations with the later are more remarkable. Present optimized technique will be benefit to designing and fabricating the high performance solar cell.


The biochemical and physiological characteristics of C4 photosynthesis have been researched and clarified in detail. We now know that the differentiation of two cell types, mesophyll cells (MC) and bundle sheath cells (BSC), is required for efficient C4 photosynthesis. Thus, the leaves of C4 plants have more complicated structural and functional features than those of C3 plants (Hatch, 1999; Kanai and Edwards, 1999). Current studies are focused on elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of genetic and developmental events in C4 photosynthesis, but most of them are as yet poorly understood (Dengler and Nelson, 1999; Sheen, 1999). There is much indirect evidence that C4 plants have evolved in parallel from C3 plants among diverse taxonomic groups (Kellogg, 1999). Some C3-C4 intermediate plants, such as Flaveria spp., provide a suitable system for studying the possible process of evolution of C4 plants (Ku et al., 1991; Westhoff et al., 1997). It is becoming clear that there is diversity not only in the structural and biochemical features, but also in the genetic and developmental aspects of C4 photosynthesis (Dengler and Nelson, 1999; Sheen, 1999; Edwards et al., 2001). This article reviews the available data on the differentiation of photosynthetic characteristics in some amphibious species of Eleocharis in the Cyperaceae, with particular reference to the sedge Eleocharis vivipara. E. vivipara has a unique nature that expresses C4 characteristics under terrestrial conditions and C3 characteristics under submerged aquatic conditions (Ueno et al., 1988). This characteristic is unknown in other C4 plants, and this plant provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the development of C4 photosynthesis in response to environmental factors. The amphibious species of Eleocharis are also useful for increasing our understanding of the ecological and adaptive aspects of C4 plants. C3 AND C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS


On the basis of numerical methods, the features of the pulse radiation of the horn antenna in the near and transition zone are investigated. Achievable possibilities of focusing pulsed radiation in the near zone are revealed.


his issue is the last that I (Steve) will handle as Broadband Access series co-editor. For my first issue (November 1999), I organized what was probably the first issue in the series to address wireless alternatives for broadband access. At that time, the industry (including the division where I worked) was primarily focused on wireline alternatives such as DSL, HFC, or FTTx. Wireless access was the dark horse alternative, facing a number of technical obstacles. For completeness, I thought it was important to let the case for wireless broadband access be presented, along with the emerging technologies that were making it an increasingly viable alternative. Few would have predicted how quickly and to what extent wireless broadband would emerge as a key player in the broadband access arena. With IEEE 802.11 WiFi and 802.16 WiMAX, in addition to more established technologies such as LMDS, wireless broadband will serve a very important set of applications. It is fitting, then, that a wireless article is included in this issue. This article, "Integrated Services from High Altitude Platforms: A Flexible Communication System," examines a topic that has not been addressed in the series. There are some applications where it is not practical to use terrestrial base stations, due to such factors as user density, terrain, or the duration of the need for the network. Satellites have typically been the solution for these applications, but they are very costly to deploy. This article discusses high altitude platforms (HAPs) that can be flexibly deployed to meet the various requirements of these applications. The article examines the technology required by these HAPs and gives a deeper look at the specific application of using HAPs for broadband service delivery to high-speed trains. The second article in this issue, "Ethernet as Carrier Transport Infrastructure," does not focus specifically on broadband access. The article was originally submitted to the November 2005 feature topic on Ethernet WAN transport, but was submitted too late for inclusion in that issue. It is included here in the Broadband Access series, however, due to the growing importance of Ethernet in broadband access networks. Examples of Ethernet use in broadband access networks include direct Ethernet interfaces between carriers and corporate users (e.g., fiberbased Gigabit and 10G Ethernet interfaces); Ethernet as an underlying technology in IP-based DSLAMs; PONs optimized/based on Ethernet (e.g., ITU-T G.984 GPONs, which are optimized for transporting Ethernet frames and IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet PONs, EPONs); Ethernet MAC frames carried over IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) access networks; and Ethernet MAC frames carried over WiFi/WiMAX radio links. With so much data coming into the metro and core networks as Ethernet MAC frames, it is natural for carriers to consider using Ethernet technology as an integral part of their own infrastructure. This article gives a look at one possible scenario for such a carrier network use of Ethernet. We hope that the subjects covered in this article will also be useful to anyone working with Ethernet as part of their broadband access networks. In closing, the co-editors of the Broadband Access series wish to remind the readers that the Broadband Access series addresses a full spectrum of issues related to residential (and enterprise) access — from signal level, through network architectures together with their life cycle costs, to live trial descriptions. We encourage experts in these areas to share their knowledge with the readership of IEEE Communications Magazine.


The article CSR of MNCs in Bangladesh scrutinizes how multinational companies conduct corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Bangladesh. The purpose of the study is to observe the framework of CSR areas and contribution to those areas by the Nestlé Bangladesh Limited. It considers the structure of CSR in the business of Bangladesh, which is now globally a vital issue for the development of society. It explains the systems of adopting CSR by the MNCs in Bangladesh, we can begin to see what implications arise from the fact that CSR is a financially developed nations' concept. Developing country like Bangladesh is considered lagging behind in its understanding and adoption of CSR practices. Generally corporations do not expose their policies. This article tried to explore current practices of CSR by the leading MNC like Nestlé Bangladesh Limited which is operating its business activities proudly for the long since.


4625 Background: Patients (Pts) with unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC) and gallbladder cancer (GBC) have a poor prognosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression has been detected in BTC and GBC. Increased angiogenesis has been correlated with advanced stage of disease and poor prognosis. Given reported activity of gemcitabine (GEM) and oxaliplatin (OX) in BTC/GBC and potential benefits of targeting the VEGF pathway with bevacizumab (B), we performed a study to examine the efficacy and tolerability of GEM, OX and B (GEMOX-B) in unresectable or metastatic BTC/GBC. Methods: Eligibility criteria included unresectable or metastatic measurable BTC/GBC, 0–1 prior chemotherapy regimens, performance status = 2, and adequate organ function. No clinically significant cardiovascular disease or history of active bleeding. Pts were treated with all 3 drugs intravenously on days 1 and 15 every 28 days (one cycle): B was given first at 10 mg/kg, followed by GEM at 1000 mg/m2 as dose rat...


Part 1 The problem: the network information revolution the role of standards in network information a non-technical view of Z39.50 OSI vs. TCP/IP responding to the revolution - becoming the library without walls using IR as a basis for change. Part 2 Some solutions: a taxonomy of standards - why standardize?, types of network standards, common concepts, the OSI model - an overview local area network standards - what is a LAN?, LAN models, IEEE 802.3 and ethernet, IEEE 802.5 - token ring, FDDI - fiber distributed data interface, discussion internet standards - basic architecture, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) OSI standards - physical layer standards, data link standards, HDLC, multilink procedure (MLP), network layer services, X.25, ISO IP, transport layer services, session layer services, presentation layer services, application layer services common application protocols - electronic mail, simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), message handling (X.400), file transfer, file transfer protocol (FTP), file transfer, access and management (FTAM), remote access (telnet) information retrieval - Z39.50 - Z39.50 models, Z39.50 PDUs, Z39.50 operation - an example.