introductory steps provided by the first two sections, especially since the philosophical resources which it employs are not used again until chapter 6. The main chapters begin and end with Aristotle but contain extensive discussions of other thinkers, such as Kant, Hume and Anscombe, except for the two chapters on matter, which follow Aristotelian texts more closely. Hennig's approach is tirelessly philosophical. Near the beginning he outlines his analytic aim to 'repeat' what Aristotle said rather than merely 'report' it, stating that '[i]n general, I endorse the claims that I attribute to Aristotle, so that I am as accountable for their intelligibility and truth as I think Aristotle is' (9). This bold strategy pays great dividends in many contexts. For instance, in chapter 7 Hennig defends as Aristotelian the view that causation should not be understood as a relation between two distinct things, that is cause and effect, as Hume maintained, but as a process within which cause and effect are parts. Chapter 5 also sees Hennig develop the notion of a 'type' to demonstrate that, for Aristotle, the formal cause (or essence) of a natural thing is subject to certain standards of typicality, which may not always be reflected by particular instances of that thing (understood as a 'type'). In both of these cases, Hennig's insights not only overturn the simplistic traditional picture of the efficient and formal causes as the agent and shape, respectively, but also seem deeply Aristotelian (compare, for example, the notion of the formal cause as a generic type with its description as a 'paradigm', Ph. 2.3, 194b26). In sum, Hennig's book is a demanding read but it offers a rewarding and impressively coherent study of Aristotle's four aitiai that, at least for this reader, is superior to the traditional way in which they are understood. It certainly deserves to be read (and reread) by anyone interested in Aristotle's philosophy of nature or causation in general.


The band structures of the ordered LaSrGaO 4 (LSG) and LaSrAlO 4 (LSA) compounds are calculated by the TB LMTO-ASA method. The spin-orbit interaction was included in the valence electrons. We observe gaps (0.17 Ry for LSA and 0.15 Ry for LSG) at the Γ point for both systems.


The end-to-end communication performance of multi-hop transmissions serve the basis of the upper-layer media applications in vehicular communications. There, however, lacks an accurate and practical analytical framework to effectively evaluate the end-to-end throughput and delay performance in VANET with the specific features of VANET, e.g., channel fading, node mobility and MAC contentions, taken into considerations. In this work, we adopt the queuing theory to analyse the multi-hop performance of vehicular communications. We start by investigating on the single-hop performance and then extends the results on the analysis of multi-hop communications.


The presbyope who manages to break his glasses periodically takes the event cheerfully as he is rather aware that his eyes have changed since the last examination. Under the age of 60 years, some further loss of accommodation is normally expected, but equally significant, and sometimes more so, are the progressive changes in the static refraction that often develop in the presbyopic period and continue throughout life. The usual alteration is toward increasing hypermetropia and inverse astigmatism but refractive myopia is not infrequent. The following examples are typical:


In this introduction we briefly sketch out some of the similarities between Marxism and anarchism, particularly around the nexus often called "libertarian socialism". We argue that two contemporary trends make this a particularly good time for these kinds of bridge-building projects. First, with the economy in crisis and Leninism largely discredited, people are looking for alternatives to capitalism and state socialism and libertarian socialism provides examples of visions that are socialist, but not statist. Secondly, with the recent surge in anarchist studies—academic work rooted in anarchism—it makes sense to show some of the connections between Marxist (an already accepted perspective in academe) and anarchist theory. Finally, we map out the specific contributions in this collection of essays. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2010 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]


A scattering chamber, consisting of a fixed cylinder upon which a cylindrical sleeve slides in helical motion, has been designed and constructed. This chamber allows continuous rotation under vacuum over an angular range from −5° to +165°. With a moderate increase in dimensions it would be practical to extend the angular range to ±175°.


Objective To observe the effect of holistic nursing on neonatal jaundice treated by blue light irradiation combined with medication. Methods 84 neonates with jaundice hospitalized in Neonatal Department of our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 42 cases in each.Both groups were given blue light irradiation combined with medication. The control group were given conventional nursing,while the observation group were given holistic nursing combined with conventional nursing. And the incidence of adverse reactions and parental satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results The incidence of skin damage(2.4%), fever(4.8%), red buttock(4.8%) and bronze baby syndrome(0) in the observation group is lower than that in the control group, respectively(P0.05) while the parental satisfaction in the observation group is higher than that in the control group(85.7% vs57.1%)(P0.05). Conclusion Holistic nursing applied to the treatment of blue light irradiation combined with medication for neonatal jaundice, can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse reactions as well as increase parental satisfaction with the fine value of promotion.


Blends of phenolphthalein poly( ether ether ketone ) ( PEK-C ) and a thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester (LCP), poly[(1-phenylethyl-p -phenylene terephthalate)-co- (1-cumyl-p -phenylene terephthalate)], was prepared via melt mixing. The studies of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicate that the PEK-C/LCP blends display two glass transition temperatures which correspond to those of PEK-C- and LCP-rich phases, respectively. The PEK-C/ LCP blends were judged to be partially miscible. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the morphology of the blends, and it was observed that all the PEK-C/LCP blends displayed a phase-separated structure. The interface between the PEK-C- and LCP-rich phases is poor. The Young's modulus of the PEK-C/LCP blends was found to increase with LCP content due to the high modulus of the LCP. However, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the blends greatly decreases with increase of LCP content, owing to the poor interfacial adhesion. From the thermogravity analysis (TGA), it was observed that all the blends exhibited a two-step weight loss mechanism, and the thermal degradation onset temperature of the blends was lowered with the addition of LCP content.


We developed a wrist model using neural networks based on Hammerstein cascade. The model can predict the wrist angle while stimulating by different pulse widths of the stimulation. It consists of neural networks to represent the muscle recruitment properties, and a linear dynamical system to represent the time variation. Simulation results on actual measurements were compared with the output from the wrist model.


The invention relates to a method and apparatus for segmenting a digital image (22) of biological cells (2, 3), a method and a device for analyzing the dynamic behavior of biological cells (2, 3) as well as a method and a device for visualizing the dynamic behavior of biological cells (2, 3). In order to present a method of segmentation, which has little technical requirements, requires no special preparation or manipulation of the observed cells and requires as few assumptions about the cell characteristics, it is suggested that it comprises the steps of: determining (41) a maximum gradient each pixel of the image as the maximum of the differences between an image value of the pixel and the corresponding image values of all or selected adjacent pixels, determining (42) a segmenting threshold based on the frequency of the maximum gradient, classifying (43) the pixels into an object class and an environment class by means of and segmenting the formation (44) of a segment portion of the digital image by means of a class merging process, in particular a region growth process.


Lithium terephthalate (Li2C8H4O4, PTAL), a carboxylate-based organic electrode material, displays high reversible capacity of up to 248 mA h g−1 and long cycle life, which is promoted by graphene as a sustainable anode material for lithium ion batteries.


A comparison of kDNA restriction-endonuclease fragment patterns from strains representing selected Endotrypanum zymodemes was done by schizodeme analysis. As the degree of heterogeneity within mini-circles varied among species or strains of Endotrypanum, the fingerprint obtained with each of the restriction enzymes was unique for each of these parasites. The data have revealed that this trypanosomatid genus is much more complex than it was originally thought to be.


Community input matters in long-term decisions related to climate change, including the development of public infrastructure. In order to assess the effect of different ways of informing the public about infrastructure projects, a sample of people in the United States (n = 630) was provided with a case study concerning the redevelopment of the San Diego Airport. Participants received the same written information about the projected future condition of the airport. In addition, participants received images either portraying current conditions or portraying conditions in 2100 based on NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) sea-level rise data. Participants were asked to choose 7 out of 21 design options to implement in the redevelopment project. The framework used for the design options stemmed from the Envision rating system. We analyzed the participants' selection of the credits using generalized linear mixed models. Those that received the images portraying the future were significantly more likely to select design options that would reduce the risk of climate change and flooding. Images portraying sea-level rise had different effects depending on participant demographics. Such images increased the selection of design elements related to the climate and risk for participants identifying as female or as Democrat. For participants identifying as male or as Republican, the same images increased their selection of design elements to enhance community public space. The results demonstrate the positive effects of portraying the future in terms of encouraging focus on long-term sustainable design decisions for infrastructure systems.


Let k be an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic p. An affine algebraic group G is an affine algebraic variety over k with a group structure such that multiplication and inversion maps are morphisms of varieties. A special class of affine algebraic groups are the so called classical groups Cl(V), groups of isometries of a finite dimensional k-vector space V with respect to a certain form on V {e.g. a zero form, a symplectic form or a non-degenerate quadratic form. These groups are: GL(V) the general linear group, Sp(V) the symplectic group and O(V) the orthogonal group. Let G = Cl(V). Various (closed) subgroups H of G can be defined naturally in terms of the geometry of V {H may be the stabiliser of a subspace of V, or a direct sumdecomposition of V, or a non-degenerate form on V, for example. Let H be such a subgroup and let = G=H be the corresponding coset space. Then is a variety with a natural algebraic action of G. We define geometric subgroups of G to be the closed subgroups arising in this manner. Consequently, for H a geometric subgroup, we say that the natural action of G on = G=H is a geometric action. We define C (x) to be the set of points in fixed by x. Then C (x) is a subvariety, and we can show that dimC (x) = dim.


This document describes a pre-authentication mechanism for Kerberos
based on the Generic Security Service Application Program Interface
(GSS-API), which allows a Key Distribution Center (KDC) to
authenticate clients by using any GSS mechanism.


Major burn injury produces substantial hemodynamic and cardiodynamic derangements, which contribute to the development of sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death. Cardiac stress is the hallmark of the acute phase response and its severity determines postburn outcomes, with poorer outcomes associated with cardiac dysfunction. With available evidence from the literature, the present is a comprehensive review of cardiac dysfunction in burns as well as the different monitoring modalities.


A parametric numerical study was performed to study effects of the nonuniform premixing of a hydrogen–air mixture on the structures of oblique detonation and shock-induced combustion formed on the surface of a hypersonic spherical projectile. Axisymmetric two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations were solved with a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism involving nine species. A smooth-front oblique detonation formed on the hypersonic projectile at a Mach number of 6.46 under a uniformly stoichiometric condition was taken as the completely premixed case. For nonuniform cases, hydrogen mole fraction was distributed at the inlet boundary based on the Gaussian function. As the nonuniformity was increased, the following occurred: 1) deformed oblique detonation, 2) oscillating shock-induced combustions with nonuniform corrugated structures, 3) steady shock-induced combustions with (and without) the minimum induction length located outside the centerline, and 4) nose-confined combustion. Analyses on distributions of...


The authors have studied the heat and mass transfer processes at pulverized coal combustion by the example of combustion chamber BKZ-75 at Shakhtinsk thermal power plant applying the 3D modeling based on solution of differential equations of turbulent reactive flow. The distributions of total velocity vector components in different sections of a combustion chamber are obtained. The article introduces the combustion chamber height dependence of total velocity vector. Temperature profiles and its distribution in the combustion chamber height are obtained. The minimum and maximum values of the given variables are determined. The article demonstrates the dynamic in changing these characteristics in the volume of the combustion chamber under test.


A theoretical model is applied to calculate the theoretical distributions of the solubility parameter of resins and asphaltenes, so as to evaluate residue quality of a thermal catalytic steam cracking process more in depth. It is attempted to explain the greater stability of such process in regard to visbreaking residue. Theoretical solubility profiles calculated upon physicochemical characterization of these chemical groups coincide with the experiment stability results obtained from the pilot plant runs of 1barrel/day capacity. Results evidence that thermal catalytic steam cracking produces a residue with a less content of asphaltenes than that produced in Visbreaking, and that such residue is more easily soluble according to the solubility profile estimated. Likewise, compatibility index between resins and asphaltenes indicates that, though asphaltene nature plays an important role in the greater stability of thermal catalytic steam cracked residues with regard to those visbroken, the greater relative quantity of resins seems to be the main factor for the case analyzed in this study.


We report an optimized Power-over-Fiber (PoF) solution to remotely feeding smart sensors and control electronics suitable for low-power consumption demand applications. A customized photovoltaic laser power converter is developed and characterized to maximize the PoF system efficiency. The system is successfully tested, capable of feeding a smart remote node consuming 15.5 mW.


PURPOSE
Healthcare in the public and private sectors is facing increasing pressure to become more cost-effective. Time-based competition and work-in-progress have been used successfully to measure and improve the efficiency of industrial manufacturing. Seeks to address this issue.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH
Presents a framework for time based management of the total cost of a patient episode and apply it to the six sigma DMAIC-process development approach. The framework is used to analyse hip replacement patient episodes in Päijät-Häme Hospital District in Finland, which has a catchment area of 210,000 inhabitants and performs an average of 230 hip replacements per year.

FINDINGS
The work-in-progress concept is applicable to healthcare--notably that the DMAIC-process development approach can be used to analyse the total cost of patient episodes. Concludes that a framework, which combines the patient-in-process and the DMAIC development approach, can be used not only to analyse the total cost of patient episode but also to improve patient process efficiency.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE
Presents a framework that combines patient-in-process and DMAIC-process development approaches, which can be used to analyse the total cost of a patient episode in order to improve patient process efficiency.


The solid stateC andN CPMAS NMR spectra of 3,5-ditert-butyl-1,2,4-diazaphosphole 4 and 3,5-diphenyl1,2,4-diazaphosphole 5 have been recorded. The X-ray structure of the first compound was already known (it is a cyclic dimer with localized N–H protons) while the structure of the second cannot be determined due to the difficulty to grow suitable single crystals. NMR results pointed out that 4 is a "classical" compound while5 is probably a tetramer showing Intermolecular Solid-State Proton Transfer (ISSPT). GIAO/ab initio calculations have been carried out to estimate the absolute H, C and N shieldings. The agreement with the experimental chemical shifts is good enough to assign the signals of carbons C-3 and C-5.


The objective of this assay was to test the effect of the application of different doses of sewage sludge with or without liming on Zn and Cu content in pasture. Zn and Cu contents in pasture were increased with sewage sludge application increments, but without liming reduced this effect. Values were adequate for animal consumption.


Regioselective reactivity, molecular cleft selectivity, and conformational properties have been examined in the skeletally stabilized triphosphazanes C 6 H 4 N 2 [P(NEt 2 ) 2 ] 2 PNEt 2 (4), C 6 H 4 N 2 -[P(S)(NEt 2 ) 2 ] 2 PCl (5), and C 6 H 4 N 2 [P(S)(NEt 2 ) 2 ] 2 P(S)NEt 2 (9) and in a series of new derivatives. 3 is oxidized/coordinated regioselectively by O 3 , Se, PhN 3 , and BH 3 to C 6 H 4 N 2 [P(O)(NEt 2 ) 2 ] 2 PNEt 2 and C 6 H 4 N 4 [P(O)(NEt 2 ) 2 ] 2 P(O)NEtz


Via investigate 1 million kilowatt Power Plant's operation,contrast with Power Consumption Rate of the Design,from calculate method and operation characteristic point of view,analysis the reasons of the difference between design; operation; power consumption rates;


A series of neutron diffraction in-situ uniaxial compressive deformation tests have been carried out on textured Zr-2.5Nb. Test samples were prepared from the hot rolled plate with loading axes variously parallel to each of the plate rolling (RD), transverse (TD) and normal directions (ND). The evolution of the lattice parameters in both phases were measured in all three principal directions for each case of loading axis. The average phase strains determined by Rietveld refinement showed an anisotropic yielding dependent on sample orientation relative to the parent plate. The g-phase yielded first at stresses around 330-420MPa and transfered load to the く-phase. The く-phase yielded at stresses about 400-500MPa causing reverse load transfer to the g-phase. A Finite Element Model (FEM) was used to simulate the stress strain behaviors of the phases. Despite the simplicity of this model, a very good agreement was obtained between the experimental results and the FEM calculations.


For a large class of queueing systems in which customers arrive in batches, Halfin (1983) showed that the delay distribution of the last customer in a batch to enter service coincides with the delay distribution of an arbitrary customer when the batch-size distribution is geometric. Halfin's result can be applied to study the performance of complicated communication systems in which messages are divided into packets for transmission. Then packets are customers and the delay of a message is the delay of the last customer in a batch to enter service. If the assumptions are satisfied and if packet delays are easier to analyze, then packet delays can be used to calculate message delays. In this paper, we show that these two delay distributions are stochastically ordered when the batch-size distribution is NBUE or NWUE (new better or worse than used in expectation). The delays of arbitrary customers tend to be less (more) when the batch-size distribution is NBUE (NWUE). In addition to the bounds provided by the stochastic ordering, we also suggest an approximation for the relation between the two expected delays based on known results for the MB/G/1 queue having a batch-Poisson arrival process.


This paper contains research and details of a work in progress on the implementation of advanced 3D precision modelling in an undergraduate curriculum. Core to the investigation is the undergraduate course Digitally Enhanced Construction and Fabrication (D.E.C.A.F.) at the Department of Architecture, California State Polytechnic University Pomona. The course tests the application of Reverse Engineering (RE) in a team configuration, HotSwapping (HS), and precision modelling of complex geometries with minimal programming/scripting input, taking in consideration the limited resources common to small-scale architectural practices. Reverse Engineering particularly enables students to extract information building assembly and executed details with precision, based on existing documentation. It is conducted in teams not only to emphasize and investigate efficiency of protocols but also to observe problems in developing threads in digital modelling. Hot-Swapping identifies the principle of replacing components of a building during active design processes without altering its general appearance. As a teaching methodology, it allows the investigation of required modelling accuracy, creation of prototypes and various versions of assembly alternatives. The current paper focuses mainly on 1) engaged procedures in Reverse Engineering, 2) the educational aspects of such an approach, and 3) the advantages and disadvantages of conventional tools in a collaborative modelling exercise.


y Americana 'Dr Emilio Ravignani' and its Boletin have been at the forefront of new research not only in social and economic history but also in political ideas. The history of the May Revolution, hitherto set in stone, has been cracked open by a new look at the political texts. Now an even more intractable subject, the hidden discourse of the Rosas regime, has been brought to the surface in a book which contains a valuable collection of sources contemporary newspapers, pamphlets, government records and other documents, many of them not easily accessible and a substantial analytical study which will be required reading for future students of the period. Jorge Myers is to be congratulated in the first place on confronting a number of difficult problems about Rosas without rushing into extremes of interpretation. The dictator was a tyrant and a terrorist and his regime apparently shorn of intellectual content. Theoretical justification tended to be the product of fear, servility, and propaganda, and bore little relation to political thought as it is normally understood. Sarmiento and the liberal opposition, on the other hand, were dealing in serious ideas and obviously had the better press, then and since. Myers resists the temptation to employ the usual terminology of 'traditionalist' and 'reactionary' in dealing with Rosas. He also sets aside the conventional themes of federalism, nationalism, and dictatorship in establishing his framework of the age. His object is to study the political discourse of rosismo between 1829 and 1852 as it was elaborated by Rosas and his supporters in parliament and the press. He argues first that the language of the regime was that of classical republicanism; the object was to restore the respect for order characteristic of the Spanish empire, but without the monarchical and colonial institutions on which that had been founded. Instead the legitimacy and achievements of the Rosas regime were derived, in the eyes of its supporters, from its republican principles and virtues, embodied in its leader, Citizen Rosas, who reversed the procedure of Caesar and Napoleon and turned monarchy into republic. The reader will find a striking summary of this line of thought in the speech of Baldomero Garcia in 1850, reproduced on pp. 305-8. The second hypothesis developed by the author is that the relation between the discourse of rosismo and the actual practice of government is more complex than is often supposed. Discarding the common idea that the practice was real and the discourse false, the author proposes the possibility that both were compatible and that the resultant tension and ambiguity require careful analysis. In this view rosismo emerges not as a monolithic movement from first to last but one which had its own internal tensions and its own distinct chronology. In the development of this argument Jorge Myers has breathed new life into an old subject.


Introduction The intention of this work was to load olmesartan medoxomil (OLM), a sparsely water soluble antihypertensive bioactive with low oral bioavailability (26%), into PEGylated bilosomes (PBs) for augmenting its transdermal delivery. PBs contain PEGylated single chain edge activator besides the components of traditional bilosomes (Span 60, cholesterol and bile salts). The PEG gives further resilience to vesicle membrane and is speculated to augment both permeability and bioavailability of OLM. Methods A 24 factorial experiment was constructed to inspect the impact of diverse variables on vesicles' features and sort out the optimal formula adopting Design Expert® software utilizing thin film hydration technique. Vesicles' evaluation was done by finding out entrapment efficiency percent (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP) and amount of drug released after 6 hrs (Q6h). The optimal formula was selected and characterized for further investigations. Results The optimal formula (PB15) showed spherical vesicles with EE% of 72.49±0.38%, PS of 559.30±10.70 nm, PDI of 0.57±0.15, ZP of −38.35±0.65 mV and Q6h of 59.60±0.24%. PB15 showed higher deformability index (28.39±5.71 g) compared to traditional bilosomes (5.88±0.90 g) and transethosomes (14.94±0.63 g). Further, PB15 showed superior skin permeation from rat's skin relative to the drug suspension. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopy examination revealed efficient penetration of the fluoro-labeled PB15 through skin. Histopathological study ensured the safety of PB15. In addition, in-vivo skin deposition studies showed higher OLM deposition in rat's skin from PB15 compared to transethosomes and OLM suspension. Furthermore, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies performed using male Wistar rats and male Albino rabbits, respectively, showed the superiority of PB15 over oral tablets. PB15 was found to have significantly higher AUC0–48 and AUC0–∞ relative to the oral tablets. As well, the relative bioavailability of PB15 was found to be 235.04%. Conclusion Overall, the obtained results confirmed the creditable effect of PB15 for transdermal delivery.


Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is a spice cum vegetable crop belongs to the family Solanaceae. Chillies are nature's wonder. The fruits appear in different sizes, shapes and colours. Chillies have two important qualities, they have biting pungency attributed to capsaicin and captivating red colour due to the pigment capsanthin. Capsaicin is a digestive stimulant, prevents heart diseases and curative for many rheumatic troubles.


In order to organize and manage the electronic drawing resources of the designing institute effectively,deepen enterprise's CAD applications and improve competitive power and innovation ability of enterprise;Means Adopting Java Server Pages technology,B/S three layers architecture,Middleware technology and JDBC technology of database visiting;reached the result that developed Document Management System based on JSP platform and Browser/Server mode,realized the archive and query of drawing,illustrated the concrete realization and application of middleware technology,and drew a conclusion that after adopting document management system,systematic management and maintenance are not restricted by time and place,and it can be operated long-rangely,with a raised reusing-value of the electronic drawing and systematic security,maintainability and expandability.


Introduction: The most commonly encountered tooth among the supernumeraries is the mesiodens. A genetic cause has often been revealed, suggested by the familial pattern.
Objectives: To analyze the variability of this supernumerary tooth as shown in the clinical cases. We want to investigate the transmission pattern through family members.
Methods: The study was based on 28 patients aged between 8 and 23 years. We delineated three groups of patients, according to the dimensions, position on the dental arch and shape of the mesiodens: 1). Conical, not alligned (erupted towards the palat); 2). Conical, well alligned and without occlusal interference. 3). Rudimentary shape supernummerary tooth. Radiographic and clinical examinations were used to establish the diagnosis. Family tree documentation has also been recorded.
Results: The cases we analyzed were concerning both temporary and permanent dentition. Mesiodens was observed as unique numeric dental anomaly or associated with other mesiodens or even anodontia. Usually, unique mesiodens runs among family members. The clinical form of supernumerary manifestation is variable in different members and different generations, indicating various patterns of character transmission within families.
Conclusions: Unique or multiple, the mesiodens is an extra tooth that interferes with normal temporary and permanent dentition. Although in a few cases it may appear as a de novo mutation, usually its presence is due to variable expressivity and locus heterogeneity within a family. Clinical diagnosis, family screening and genetic advice are recommended in order to prevent, anticipate and treat the complications produced by the presence of supernumerary teeth.


The purpose of this preliminary study was to test the reliability of the Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) Short Form Version B. Thirty-two healthy, older individuals residing in public housing were surveyed using the LDB Short Form Version B. The individuals completed the LDB twice at a three week interval. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to estimate reliability and alpha coefficient was used to aid in interpreting reliability. The results were inconclusive. Alpha coefficient was acceptable; however, reliability was only moderate. The LDB Short Form Version B for use with healthy, older individuals may require further investigation.


3D visualization is one of the forms of presentation of spatial phenomena, which, thanks to the development of new technologies of acquiring, modeling and providing spatial information, is one of the most popular methods of presenting real objects in the virtual world. Practice shows that 3D visualization is increasingly being used by different entities to present research results in 3D form, thereby ensuring better readability of the papers. The paper describes the methodology of 3D visualization of the influence of atmospheric conditions on wooden facades of a school building. Methods of obtaining data for the purpose of creating a 3D model of a research object, processing vector and raster data, and rendering the final animation were described. The results of the study show that the use of 3D visualization as a form of presenting research results enables accurate estimation of the intensity of atmospheric conditions on the vertical elevation, taking into account the exact geometry of the research object.


Immunogenic, antigenic and toxic properties of free endotoxin isolated from culture media of Shigella sonnei, phase I, was studied. Experiments with mice showed that free endotoxin is about 3--4 times more active immunogenically and twice as toxic as cellular lipopolysaccharide. On the other hand, the antigenic activity of free endotoxin was about equal to that of lipopolysaccharide. In addition, free endotoxin had a common property characteristic for endotoxins isolated from Gram-negative bacteria, namely it stimulated the immunologic response to unrelated antigens, e.g. antigens of sheep red blood cells.


Acoustics design plays an important place in the design of torpedo.The structure vibration and sound radiation have great influence to the effectiveness of torpedo.The characteristics of structure vibration and sound radiation from torpedo were studied,and schemes to control the vibration and radiated noise were found.A simplified model of torpedo was set up and the numerical simulation was carried out.The radiated noise was predicted using the statistical energy analysis method.Several conclusions were obtained in the exploration of the way to reduce the vibration and noise.


Corros ion monitoring in a petroleulll refinery was carri ed out using coupon test method. Fi ve diflerelll locati ons wcre se kc ted along the pipelinc of the cooling watel' sec ti on of the refin ery. Analysis revea led that there was corms ion taking place al d iffe renl rales wilhin Ihe refinery. The Ill\vcst rale recorded was 14 mg dmdayI andlhe hi ghesl rale was .:l:1 m!,!. d lll day· l. II is recolllllll:nded that Ihe chemi ca l dosage of corros ion in hibilors be impro ved and Ihal a constan t monilor ing program be adopled.


The article contains the results of the analysis of radiographs of the foot and ankle in 84 children with malformations of the fibula. We found that infants' relation to the ankle joint is often normal, as in the sagittal and frontal planes. With increasing age the number of posterior subluxation increases as well as anteriorly, laterally. Also dislocations of the foot were presented. The most significant relationships were violations of the subtalar joint. There were pronation, supinatsion, positions of calcaneus bone and its lateroposition, which was the most frequent cause of valgus deformity. Also we found a violation of the form of the talus such as a flattening of the block, smoothing of the neck. In rare cases of the varus deformity of the foot abnormalities of the tarsal bones were observed.


<abstract>
In this paper, we consider the existence of gap solitons for a class of difference equations:

<disp-formula>  <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} Lu_{n}-\omega u_{n} = f_{n}(u_{n}), n\in\mathbb{Z}, \end{equation*} $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula>

where $ Lu_{n} = a_{n}u_{n+1}+a_{n-1}u_{n-1}+b_{n}u_{n} $ is the discrete difference operator in one spatial dimension, $ \{a_{n}\} $ and $ \{b_{n}\} $ are real valued T-periodic sequences, $ \omega\in \mathbb{R} $, $ f_{n}(\cdot)\in C(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R}) $ and $ f_{n+T}(\cdot) = f_{n}(\cdot) $ for each $ n\in\mathbb{Z} $. Under general asymptotically linear conditions on the nonlinearity $ f_{n}(\cdot) $, we establish the existence of gap solitons for the above equation via variational methods when $ t f_{n}(t) $ is allowed to be sign-changing. Our methods further extend and improve the existing results.
</abstract>


I survey the so-called "new neoclassical synthesis" literature (that emerged allegedly as a synthesis between the real business cycle and the new Keynesian literatures) and its ubiquitous dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DGSE) model, emphasizing the current practices in it. This includes presenting a toy model and showing what kind of dynamics among aggregate variables it produces, and the reverse-engineering strategy that mainstream macroeconomists use to enrich the dynamics of their models. I finally ponder such current practices and the criticisms brought by the recent crisis, venturing to explore future prospects.


Unlike evaporation and condensation that can occur throughout the depth of the atmosphere, the melting of snowflakes can only occur at temperatures near 0°C. The cooling of the atmosphere because of this melting often results in the development of an isothermal layer at 0°C and a region of instability below it. In this paper we consider the effect that the cooling caused by melting of snowflakes has on the resultant convective activity. This cooling results in upward vertical velocities and upward penetration depths that are significantly smaller than those anticipated from consideration of saturated adiabatic processes and particle drag alone.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on developing a knowledge-based engineering (KBE) approach to recycle the knowledge accrued in an industrial organization for the mitigation of unwanted events due to human error. The recycling of the accrued knowledge is vital in mitigating the variance present at different levels of engineering applications, evaluations and assessments in assuring systems' safety. The approach is illustrated in relation to subsea systems' functional failure risk (FFR) analysis. Design/methodology/approach – A fuzzy expert system (FES)-based approach has been proposed to facilitate FFR assessment and to make knowledge recycling possible via a rule base and membership functions (MFs). The MFs have been developed based on the experts' knowledge, data, information, and on their insights into the selected subsea system. The rule base has been developed to fulfill requirements and guidelines specified in DNV standard DNV-RP-F116 and NORSOK standard Z-008. Findings – It is possib...


Due to the high mobility of the nodes, the mobile ad hoc networks are expected to provide many opportunities for message forwarding in delay tolerant networks. Considering the typical mobility models, for example, the random waypoint (RWP) model and Manhattan model, we explore the probabilistic characteristics of the node contact provided by the mobile nodes. Following a progressive approach, we propose a location‐aware opportunistic forwarding scheme, which exploits the location information of the messages and the node mobility to conduct message forwarding. In order to provide a stable delivery ratio and avoid the extra network overhead, the message is forwarded to its destination regions or neighbor regions, which offer a better chance to reach the destination node. We construct a simulation environment, integrated with the RWP mobility trace and the Shanghai city taxis traces. Through extensive simulations, our scheme is demonstrated to outperform the best known opportunistic forwarding algorithms in terms of both delivery ratio/latency and transmission overhead. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article provides a brief history of the art of painting, the genres of painting, the introduction of the still life genre, and the sequence and rules of working with the still life genre in painting


Chronic acrylamide (ACR) intoxication causes typical pathology of axon degeneration. Moreover, sterile‐α and toll/interleukin 1 receptor motif‐containing protein 1 (SARM1), the central executioner of the programmed axonal destruction process under various insults, is up‐regulated in ACR neuropathy. However, it remains unclear whether inhibitors targeting SARM1 are effective or not. Among all the pharmacological antagonists, berberine chloride (BBE), a natural phytochemical and the first identified non‐competitive inhibitor of SARM1, attracts tremendous attention. Here, we observed the protection of 100 μM BBE against ACR‐induced neurites injury (2 mM ACR, 24 hr) in vitro, and further evaluated the neuroprotective effect of BBE (100 mg/kg p.o. three times a week for 4 weeks) in ACR‐intoxicated rats (40 mg/kg i.p. three times a week for 4 weeks). The expression of SARM1 was also detected. BBE intervention significantly inhibited the overexpression of SARM1, ameliorated axonal degeneration, alleviated pathological changes in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord, and improved neurobehavioral symptoms in ACR‐poisoned rats. Thus, BBE exhibits a strong neuroprotective effect against the SARM1‐dependent axon destruction in ACR neuropathy. Meanwhile, our study underscores the need for appropriate inhibitor selection in diverse situations that would benefit from blocking the SARM1‐dependent axonal destruction pathway.


In order to choose asphalt types reasonably,the temperature field division in Xi'an was studied according to 30 years' climate datum.According to statistics analysis of 30 years' air temperature and field temperature in the hottest and the coldest month,it was suggested that high pavement design temperature should be determined by the average high field temperature with 98% assurance rate in seven consecutive days,the low pavement design temperature should be determined by the lowest field temperature of a year with 98% assurance rate.This method was applied in Xi'an to decide the temperature field division,the results are in accordance with Xi'an conditions.6 tabs,3 figs,8 refs.


It's tempting to think of medicine and health care as objective and neutral, driven solely by scientific principles and free inquiry. Indeed, scientists go through extensive measures to make their research bias-free. However, recent developments show that despite the best efforts, racial disparities persist in the health care system even when they are unintentional.


Drive device 30 according to the present invention, an electric pulse having a shorter pulse period than the predetermined period for reading the image from the imaging element is supplied to the shape memory alloy 15. Therefore, the drive device 30 having such a configuration can frequency component of the driving current is a noise to be given to surrounding circuits, to prevent or reduce.


A sensor unit (11) generates a sensor signal according to proximity to and contact with an operating body. A proximity detection unit (12) detects the proximity of the operating body on the basis of the sensor signal. When a plurality of operating bodies are detected during the proximity detection, a determination unit (13) sets an order of priority in relation to the detected operating bodies, and applies the proximity detection result on the basis of the set order of priority. Therefore, even when a plurality of operating bodies are detected, it is possible to prevent erroneous detection and accurately perform an input operation by applying the proximity detection result having the highest order of priority.


With continuous increase of postgraduate students in China, the difficulty and importance of postgraduate management also increase. Postgraduate management in application-oriented university becomes prominent in recent years. By analyzing the problems with secondary college's postgraduate management, this paper summarizes the necessity and difficulty of secondary college management, and puts forward the measures to strengthen secondary college management. The measures are to strengthen the construction of management team,improve rules and regulations , to full play the role of postgraduate secretary and tutor, and to build up the platform for secondary college management. Introduction The application-oriented university, driving from the idea of higher vocational education, differentiates itself from the research-oriented university or the teaching-oriented university. With continuous development of China's higher education and the enlargement of postgraduate enrollment scale, many application-oriented universities become newly increased master's degree granting units. The secondary college where the author with witnessed an increase of postgraduate student number from 4 to 60 in three years. Secondary college shoulders more and more important responsibility in postgraduate education management and its secondary management system is gradually taking its shape. Necessity of Secondary College Management If postgraduate education management only relies on graduate school, it will inevitably lead to the overburden of the staff in graduate school, which will affect the quality of postgraduate education. The implementation of secondary college management has the advantage of relieving work pressure and improving work efficiency. Besides,the implementation of secondary college management can promote the further integration of education resources of undergraduate and graduate students in secondary colleges, so as to make full use of education resources. Secondary college management can adjust its detailed rules for postgraduate students in different colleges while making its own rules and regulations so as to guarantee the management pertinence and then greatly improve the quality of postgraduate education. For example, students majoring in electrical engineering need more social practice and engineering experience compared with students majoring in mathematics. With the implementation of secondary college management, the graduate school can be liberated from the specific daily routine, and further research and discuss strategic issues to improve training quality of the graduate students. Therefore, the implementation of the secondary management mode is an inevitable demand for postgraduate education and also an important measure to improve the quality of postgraduate education. Problems of Secondary College Management Insufficiency of Management Team Many application-oriented universities have just become master's degree granting units. 80 Postgraduate management has just been distributed to secondary college where no relevant position is set up for the management team. The management work are generally taken by the scientific secretary, teaching secretary, or other teachers who are willing to do the job on a part-time basis. Whoever it is, his/her main task is not postgraduate management. In this situation, teacher's enthusiasm and efficiency will be greatly affected. Therefore, the establishment of a secondary college postgraduate management team is an urgent problem to be solved in many application-oriented universities. Deficiency of Rules and Regulations Postgraduate management in secondary college is at an exploring stage. Some secondary college adopt the management system of undergraduates and some adopt the management system of other universities. Measures to Strengthen Secondary College Management Strengthen the Construction of Management Team, Improve Rules and Regulations A good management team is one of the key factors to improve the quality of postgraduate education. In order to improve the enthusiasm and initiative of the management team, it is necessary to set up full-time post for secondary college. If the position is restricted by manning quotas, the contract system can be adopted. As long the post is set up with reasonable reward and punishment mechanism, it is believed that the management personnel will be able to devote themselves to the work. Secondary colleges should provide necessary training to management personnel according to characteristics of different majors, so as to improve management efficiency and management standards and ensure the effective development of postgraduate management. The secondary college must have a rigorous and sound postgraduate management system. There should be corresponding regulations and management systems at all stages of postgraduate education. The secondary management system and management personnel's job responsibilities should be clarified and refined, and job responsibilities should be assigned to every individual. To achieve the effective implementation of graduate education and education management, the management system should be standardized and institutionalized. Full Play the Role of Postgraduate Secretary and Tutor Postgraduate secretary is the backbone for postgraduate management in secondary colleges. The postgraduate secretary is the bridge of communication among graduate school, secondary college, vice dean of secondary college who is in charge of postgraduate affairs, tutor, postgraduate student and other teaching units. The postgraduate secretary is the basic executor and organizer of education and management work of secondary college. Postgraduate secretary is required to participate in postgraduate enrollment, postgraduate cultivation, postgraduate degree award, and discipline construction. The secondary colleges should pay attention to the work of the postgraduate secretary, improve the guarantee mechanism, strengthen the incentive mechanism, and fully arouse the enthusiasm and initiative of postgraduate secretary. The tutorial system is widely adopted in postgraduate management. Tutor plays an important role in the management of postgraduate students. Tutor is the first person responsible for postgraduate cultivation and has a significant influence on the healthy growth of postgraduates. Tutor is the only person who undertakes professional and humanistic education of postgraduates. A tutor not only teaches a student academically, but also tries to understand the characteristics of his /her student and help establishing a student's correct view of the world, of life, and of values. Secondary colleges should strengthen the selection, training, assessment and supervision of tutors. Build Up the Platform for Secondary College Management It is a new era of rapid scientific and technological development when the tools of communication have undergone tremendous changes. Traditional communication such as mails, telegram, telephone and fax have been replaced by e-mail, QQ, WeChat and other chatting tools. Secondary college can 81 exploit existing computer tools to build up a postgraduate management platform to realize effective supervision of postgraduate students. For example, the establishment of qq or WeChat group makes online message and the upload and download of files possible. The use of checking-in apps such as Dingding makes remote check on attendance possible. These digital tools are efficient, accurate and convenient. Not only will it reduce the manpower and material resources, but also greatly improves the quality of graduate management. Conclusion Secondary college plays an important role in postgraduate management in higher education. Universities and colleges should strengthen the research and exploration of secondary college's postgraduate management, strengthen secondary college's construction of postgraduate management team, formulate and improve the rules and regulations, strengthen the construction of the modern network information platform. Fully arouse the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the managerial staff at all levels, and promote the scientific, standard and efficient development of secondary college. Not only will these measures have significant importance and affect on discipline construction, scientific research and talent cultivation in universities and colleges, but also create a fresh progress for postgraduate management. Acknowledgement This research was financially supported by the Social Science Project of Fujian Education Department (No. JAS170312, No. JAS160358 and No. JZ160306).


The origin of double-bond pyramidalization in alkenes asymmetrically incorporated into rigid cyclic systems has been investigated by means of an ab initio procedure using a minimal basis set of symmetrically orthogonalized hybrid AOs. A detailed study of bicyclo[2.1.0]pent-2-ene and norbornene led to the conclusion that the interactions between the π-AOs of the double bond and the σ-AOs involved in the σ-bonds at the allylic positions are largely dominant in controlling extent and direction of double-bond pyramidalization.


Motivated by existing literatures, several problemson rejecting disturbances actingon rigid spacecraft arestudied inthispaperforthefirst time. A theoremisproposed toevaluate a lowerboundofthe maximumEuclidean norm oftheangularvelocity. The theoremisprovedbycontradiction. Mainlybasedonthis theorem, thefollowing questions onrejecting disturbances arestudied forthefirst time:1)Whethercanspacecraft attitude andangular velocity bemadetotendtozerointhe presence ofboundeddisturbances either byusing acontrol input vector that, after sometime, becomesrelatively small, orbyusing acontrol input vector thattendstozero?2)At least howlarge should eachcomponent ofthecontrol input vectorbeauthorized toreject boundeddisturbances? 3) Whatcharacters shouldthecontrol input vectorhaveto reject an arbitrary disturbance? The answerstothese questions givesomefacts onrejecting disturbances. Before designing a control algorithm toreject disturbances, itis better toknowthese facts.


The present invention relates to a composition and a planarization method for chemical mechanical planarization of substrates comprising copper, which provides a low defect levels on copper during copper CMP process. The composition comprises a colloidal silica that is substantially free of soluble polymeric silicates.


The IUNS promotes capacity development in nutrition in many ways including a specific task force on this topic. The Capacity Development Task Force aims to support professional development for young nutrition scientists. The Task Force supports the e-Nutrition Academy, which provides a new free-to-use global training platform, it supports professional development for early career nutrition scientists through grants and organizes symposia at congresses, such as the "Prevention and Control of Childhood Obesity" and "Towards Global Leadership in Nutrition" at IUNS-ICN 2017. Most recently, IUNS awarded 73 early-career nutrition scientists grants to attend the IUNS-ICN in Buenos Aires, Argentina. In 2015 the Task Force initiated a re-integration grant designed to assist nutrition scientists who have completed their doctoral training in a developed country to settle in their jobs in their home country. The grants were available for candidates from Africa, Asia and Latin America. In this article IUNS introduces the three re-integration grant recipients who explain how they utilised their funding.


In this work, the generalized Kudryashov method is used to obtain the exact traveling wave solutions for two important nonlinear evolution equations, the Chaffee–Infante equation in (2 + 1)‐dimensions and the dimensionless Zakharov equation. The generalized Kudryashov method is successfully used for getting exact solutions of these nonlinear equations in the form of exponential function solutions and hyperbolic function solutions. Moreover, we have discussed the dynamical behaviors through graphical representation of the solutions obtained in this way.


The preparation of two new alkaline earth metal complexes with acetylacetone, where the latter acts as a ligand in its diketoform, is described. The solid compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns.


Through the researches on foraminifers in a Holocene columnar section in Shanggang, Yancheng, there are seven types of foraminiferal assemblages. The assemblage characteristics give evidences that Yancheng was in tidal flat environment in Holocene and experienced a regressive process made up of five seawater advance and retreat cycles. It is found that in the assemblages of storm sediments formed in tidal flat settings, open sea species increased and tests were broken, showing the difference from those in the estuarine environment.


This article combines ethnographic and netnographic data to explore the relationships between body techniques and a sense of belonging through the contemporary Mexican martial art of Xilam. This art, founded by a female Mexican martial arts veteran, is slowly developing as a hand-to-hand sport, and has attracted critics for its supposed use of East Asian fighting techniques. Netnographic data reveal online debates on the origins and 'true belonging' of specific techniques while ethnographic fieldwork in a Xilam school demonstrates how the art is made 'Mexican' through specific accompanying practices and philosophy surrounding the movements. The movements of sitting, punching and standing are selected as key examples as understood through Mauss's classic thesis. I conclude that Xilam follows a philosophical pedagogy that associates these techniques with a sense of Mexicanness – Mexicanidad.


We consider the nonlinear Hartree equation for an interacting gas containing infinitely many particles and we investigate the large-time stability of the stationary states of the form $f(-\Delta)$, describing an homogeneous Fermi gas. Under suitable assumptions on the interaction potential and on the momentum distribution $f$, we prove that the stationary state is asymptotically stable in dimension 2. More precisely, for any initial datum which is a small perturbation of $f(-\Delta)$ in a Schatten space, the system weakly converges to the stationary state for large times.


Improvement of protein function by evolution (natural selection) is expected on general grounds, but even with the modern database positive proof has remained a difficult problem for theory. Here we extend our recent analysis of the evolution of CoV-1 to much more contagious CoV-2, to Omicron, which appears to be qualitatively different from other recent strains like Delta. Overall the synchronized dynamics of Omicron is more elaborate than CoV-2 or its variants like Delta. The surprising result is that while Omicron could be much more contagious than even Delta, it is probably much less dangerous.


Th e article deals with the issues connected with the retention of the debtors property as a method of self-protection of an entrepreneurs civil rights. Th e article analyses the notion of retention of the debtors property as a method of self-protection of an entrepreneurs civil rights, its main characteristics, peculiarities and functions. Th e author studies the classifi cation and types of retention depending on various types of civil law contracts. Th e author examines the examples of the application of retention of the debtors property. Th e examples of the application of retention based on the arbitration court cases. Th e author points out considerable practical importance of retention of the debtors property for the entrepreneur.


The increased switching frequency offered by Silicon Carbide (SiC) based Multi-chip Power Modules may allow designers to reduce the size and weight of passive elements while still meeting converter specifications. For the 3-phase Voltage Source Rectifier (VSR), as switching frequency increases, the DC-link capacitor may be reduce while maintaining the same voltage ripple. However, an often overlooked part in sizing the DC-link capacitance is the converter's stability. The use of conventional control methods, such PI-based controls, may lead to larger DC-link capacitance to prevent instability, minimizing the value proposition of Wide Band Gap-based power conversion. Applications like electrified shipboard or more electrical aircraft can be extremely sensitive to increases in size/weight due to limited space and/or significant annualized fuel costs. To this end, this paper explores, through simulation, a nonlinear control method based on Lyapunov's direct method published 25 years ago to minimize DC-link capacitance of an SiC-based VSR.


In this paper we study monocular reconstruction of extensible surfaces undergoing conformal deformation. Given a 3D template, its image and a set of point correspondences from a specific image of the deformed surface, the goal is to determine the 3D positions of the points as well as the stretching factor at each point. To perform such reconstruction, we define an optimization procedure that makes use of the re-projection error, so-called upper-bound model, constraints associated with conformal deformation, and those resulting from the assumption that the motion amplitude of boundary points is restricted. These points lie on the surface border which varies by the camera viewpoint. The upper-bound model is used in a variational form where the bound on the Euclidean distance of point pairs decreases in a sequence of optimizations, from which the best reconstruction is selected. Our experimental study revealed that this approach achieves accurate results.


In an emission study reported by the Netherlands Vehicle Authority (RDW) in July 2017 [RDW 2017], the first exploratory emission tests for the Suzuki Vitara Euro 6b diesel were conducted. The results gave rise to further research. In 2018, the Netherlands Vehicle Authority (RDW) commissioned TNO to carry out an emission study of the Suzuki Vitara Euro 6b diesel. The goal of this follow-up study was to identify and describe the NOx emission behaviour of the Suzuki Vitara, measured using 2 different vehicles with 2 engine calibrations (indicated with engine calibration 1: before the service update and engine calibration 2: after the service update). To this end, several partial objectives were formulated and emission measurements were taken on an RDW test track, on a chassis dynamometer and on public roads. When taken together, the results of the performed measurements provide a good overview of the emission behaviour of the tested vehicle and the differences in emissions before and after the update of the engine calibration software. 24 Partial conclusions based on the performed measurements have been included below. Some partial conclusions can be characterised as findings.


Radiation Sterilization is a especial process which result can not been examined by experiment afterwards, the process controlling should be implemented in irradiation sterilization. The three parters which take part in irradiation sterilization: Manufacturer, Irradiation organ and Lab offered radiation parameters, all of them contribute to quality of radiation Sterilization.


The reflective cracking is one of the main damages of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement and rigid base asphalt pavement.Aiming at this problem,a method of using Open-graded Large Stone asphalt Mixes(OLSM) as the cracking alleviate layer is proposed,large mineral aggregate,low asphalt content and a great deal of voids in OLSM can dissipate or absorb stress and strain around the crack.The calculation principle of the vehicles load stress of lean concrete base asphalt pavement with OLSM has been introduced,on the basis of the software of finite element method(ABAQUS),3-D Finite Element Method(FEM)is used to analyze the vehicles load stress for OLSM of asphalt pavement,the influence rule of design parameters of asphalt pavement with OLSM are discussed for its vehicles load stress,and the main influence parameters for the vehicles load stress of asphalt pavement with OLSM are clarified.Therefore,the theoretical basis will be offered for the structural design of asphalt pavement with OLSM.


Immanuel Kant, in part reacting against the sceptics, begins with the assumption that knowledge of the external world is indeed possible. The continued progress of science and mathematics provide a more than adequate confirmation of this. Kant then poses an important question*what are the conditions for such knowledge? The sciences are developed based on the experience of scientists; experience which leads to judgements being made by the scientific subject; and advancement in the field as a whole is thereby made. But how is this experience rendered intelligible for our particular subject*this or that individual scientist or indeed this or that person? Kant answers that the subject is able to impose categories and forms on the various experiences rendering them such. These forms and categories, in order to make experience intelligible, must be in some way prior to experience itself; they are, of nature a priori; the innate reflexes and mechanisms of the mind or ego. Through these a priori forms and categories (such as space and time, cause and effect) an individual mind is able to organize experience; to transform it from a meaningless and ghostly flux of never-ending images and sensations, into a series of totalities which unite various impressions and intuitions, thereby disclosing those objects which form the building blocks of our social and material world. Now this is an improvement on the dogmatism of Descartes because it raises the question, at least, of necessity. Kant is trying not only to describe the conditions for knowledge but to show why they must necessarily exist in the form that he ascribes to them. However, there are difficulties that emerge in the Kantian account which the great German philosopher himself endeavours to confront. In the Critique of Pure Reason Kant realised that it was the phenomenal world alone which was to be experienced by the ego; that the mechanisms we bring to bear on the external world invariably produce in our minds a shadowy distortion of the real thing. The forms and categories of mind, though making experience intelligible to us as subjects, nevertheless form an impenetrable medium between ourselves and the object of our knowledge as it truly exists. At best, it is as though we are seeing this object through three feet of water; we have a vague image which is forever being stretched and blurred by the ripples of the waves. Kant famously referred to this separation when he spoke of 'the thing in itself ' and 'the thought of the thing'. But would it not be possible to modify our thoughts, to refine the categories and forms such that they were able to register the 'thing in itself '


Increased whole grain (WG) consumption has been inversely associated with the risk for developing some diet‐related disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Many epidemiological studies, however, have failed to generate consistent results on this topic due to a lack of accurate tools to assess dietary intake of whole grains. Nutritional epidemiology research needs more reliable and quantitative methods for measuring dietary intake of specific foods. Using a targeted LC/MS based metabolomic approach, we established the metabolic fingerprints of the major phytochemicals in WG wheat in human urine including metabolites of alkylresorcinols, benzoxazinoids, lignans, and phytosterols, as well as microbial‐derived metabolites. Using a non‐targeted LC/MS based global metabolomic approach, we investigated the impact of WG wheat bread intake on the endogenous urinary metabolome. Metabolic profiling revealed a number of differences relating to the consumption of WG wheat bread vs. refined grain wheat bread, such as 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2‐aminophenol sulfate, ferulic acid 4‐sulfate, 2‐acetamidophenol sulfate, and cysteine. Using the targeted and non‐targeted nutrimetabolomic approaches, we are able to develop multiple metabolites as the potential biomerkers of WG wheat intake.


On the stability problem for the multi-channels queueing systems and networks, L.G. Afanas'eva on Berry-Essen estimate analogues for associated random fields, A.V. Bulinskii the exact-order estimates of decompositions stability in Levy metric for convolutions of Gaussian and Poisson laws, G.P. Chistyakov on the convergence in law of sums of independent Banach-valued random elements with random co-efficients, A.N. Chuprunov stochastic processes and harmonic analysis on Gel'fand pairs, M.-O. Gebuhrer max-semistable laws under linear and power normalizations, I.V. Grinevich unbased estimates for density functions and linear stochastic inequalities in the multivariate normal case, V.V. Ivshin and Ya.P. Lumel'skii domain of the normal attraction of stable distributions on semidirect product compact group and Rd, Yu.S. Khokhlov stability of the inverse random transformation, L.B. Klebanov and A.A. Zinger mathematical methods of reliability growth analysis, V.Yu. Korolev and A.V. Petukhov uniform stability of the semi-Markov process distribution with weak restrictions on the imbedded Markov chain, E.L. Kozarovitskii strong law of large numbers, V.M. Kruglov some relation between densities of strong stable measures on Rn, A. Lisitskii on the convergence of pointwise maxima of special random functions, I.S. Molchanov the difference between the convolution product and the sum of density functions, E. Omey multi-variate extreme value limit distributions under monotone normalization, E. Pancheva high deviations for multidimensional stationary Gaussian processes with independent components, V.I. Piterbarg central limit theorems based on properties of conditional moments, A. Plucinska and E. Plucinski changing time in the functional central limit theorem, R. Rebolledo on the variations of functions of several variables - local time, Gaussian and stable fields, A. Reza Soltani a stability theorem for the solutions of the integral equation for self-adjoint (self-reciprocal) probability densities, H.-J. Rossberg on convergence of likelihood ration processes and problems of maximum likelihood method problems, A.F. Taraskin robust minimax estimation of a location parameter with a bounded variance, N.O. Vil'chevskii and G.L. Shevlyakov characterization of Banach space by the law of large numbers for weighted sums, A.V. Volodin generalization of the almost-lack of memory property, R. Yanushkevichius.


ABSTRACT Copper oxide nanotubes decorated by TiO2 nanoparticles (CNTNs) were fabricated by simple three-step method. First, deposition of copper onto cellulose fibres, then thermal oxidation of copper and cellulose fibres and last simply mixing copper oxide nanotubes and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the synthesised nanotubes were monoclinic-structured polycrystalline CuO with diameter and wall thickness of approximately 50∼100 nm and 20∼25 nm, respectively. Moreover, the diameter of the TiO2 NPs is about 20∼30 nm. Optical properties of the solutions containing copper oxide nanotubes decorated by TiO2 NPs were studied. Discrete dipole approximation was used for the calculation of absorption, scattering and extinction cross sections of the deposited CNTNs on a glass substrate. Our simulation results show that there are good agreements between the experimental date and the simulation results. Moreover, the photocatalytic tests were done by methyl orange under visible light (λ = 633 nm) irradiation for prepared samples.


Design method of a disturbance-observer-based guaranteed cost tracking controller is proposed for the blended control system of the near space interceptor with reaction-jet and aerodynamics. Initially,a disturbance observer was proposed to estimate the unknown system disturbance,and then a disturbance compensator was designed to effectively counteract the disturbance effect. Then,a composite tracking controller was developed to not only ensure the stability of the closed-loop system,but also provide a minimized upper boundary of the performance indices. Parameters for controller were presented in terms of standard linear matrix inequalities. Simulation results indicate that the blended controller can track the overloadcommand accurately for the near space interceptor.


Thermosiphons, or natural circulation loops, are circuits in which a flow pattern is driven by buoyancy forces originated from density differences, a consequence of temperature gradient. In this study, an evaporation section was evaluated by numerical simulations, in order to determine heat flux conditions for a pilot-scale thermosiphon. A two-fluid Eulerian-Eulerian model was used to represent multiphase fluid dynamic, including heat transfer and phase change effects. The results showed that a 1000 W rate is enough to generate a nucleate boiling regime. Rates up to 2000 W produce a mean vapor volume fraction greater than 0.30 at boiling region. As a result, the pilot-scale thermosiphon was designed with four 500 W electrical resistances. Keywords: Pilot-scale thermosiphon. Nucleate boiling. CFD.


In this article, we connect with recent attempts to rethink management learning as an embodied and affective process and we propose walking as a significant learning practice of a pedagogy of affect. Walking enables a postdualist view on learning and education. Based on course work focused on urban ethnography, we discuss walking as affect-pedagogical practice through the intertwined activities of straying, drifting and witnessing, and we reflect upon the implications for a pedagogy of affect. In conclusion, we speculate about the potential of a pedagogy of affect for future understandings and practices of management learning.


In the 1990s, New York embarked on an experiment of epic proportions when it sought to restructure what had become a regulated monopoly of an industry: its energy sector. Like many other states, New York sought to increase competition within the energy sector to drive down prices for consumers and expand the range of renewable energy options that were available. After waiting nearly three decades, New York appears poised to finally assess the efficacy of this great experiment. Years of escalating consumer complaints, Attorney * Carrie Scrufari is Lead Counsel to the Utility Intervention Unit in the Division of Consumer Protection at the New York Department of State. She has previously clerked at the New York Court of Appeals in Albany and at the Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department in Rochester, New York. She earned her J.D. from the University of Maryland in 2011 and is a member of the Order of the Coif and the Order of the Barrister. She earned an LL.M. degree in food and agricultural law and policy from Vermont Law School in 2016 and is now an adjunct assistant professor at Vermont. She wishes to thank the editors of the Fordham Environmental Law Review for their excellent editorial assistance and feedback. The opinions contained herein are solely those of the author and do not represent the views of the New York Department of State. 1. Quoted in Energy to Lead: 2015 New York State Energy Plan, New York State Energy Planning Board, Vol 1, at 8, file:///Users/carriescrufari/Downloads/ 2015-state-energy-plan.pdf. 350 FORDHAM ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVIEW [VOL. XXIX General investigations, and analysis by the Department of Public Service Staff have revealed that residential consumers are not faring as well as the State had hoped. Since 2014, New Yorkers electing to receive energy commodity service from companies competing with the default utilities were overcharged to the tune of one billion dollars. In households where families struggle to make ends meet and often must choose between putting dinner on the table or keeping the heat on, any overcharge on an energy bill creates a public health hazard. Having faced its third polar vortex in five years, more New York families than ever before confront the Hobson's choice of paying for food or paying for energy at a time when costs have never been higher. This article argues for the necessity of implementing additional consumer protection measures in the retail access energy market.


This paper proposes a new methodology based on a decomposition technique, where the planner is called to participate in decisions related with the equipment type to be installed (fixed or controllable reactive power sources), the voltage level to be considered in the transmission grid, and the equipment/grid connection unit costs. In order to define the buses in the transmission network where the reactive sources should be installed, the marginal costs (i.e. Lagrange multipliers) associated with reliability indices, such as the expected energy not supplied or unsupplied energy cost, are evaluated. A nonsequential Monte Carlo algorithm is used to simulate all equipment failures (i.e. contingencies), and consequently to evaluate the bus reliability marginal costs. The proposed methodology is applied to the 500/230/69 kV Brazilian Northeastern transmission system, considering a VAr planning horizon of ten years.


There have been few reports on fluorescent staining of the brain tissue in the world literature. The authors studied injured brain tissues subjected to the fluorescent staining with acridine orange. Rats's brains were damaged by the electrocoagulation of the parietal bone. Rats were sacrificed by decapitation at the regular intervals. The materials were fixed in 10% formalin, then embedded in paraffin and four micron sections were made. These were stained with 0.01% acridine orange solution, subjected to ultra violet light of the Chiyoda mercury lamp. On the non-injured cerebral tissue of rats, gliar nuclei showed greenish brown fluorescence, protoplasm yellow, nerve cells yellow and glial net work green. On the other hand, on the injured cerebral tissue, cells were found to radiate bright yellow or red brown fluorescence and glial net work brown, where changes were seen by HE stain. This brown glial net work was also seen along the wall of ventricle and a part of the superficial later of the cortex where changes were not seen by HE stain. The brown fluorescent areas stained with acridine orange almost corresponded to the fluorescent sites induced by the administration of Na-Fluorescein, or photosensitized fields on radioautogram induced by using iodinated radioactive human albumin in the injured brain tissue. It was considered that these alterations were in correlation with the breakdown of BBB. This brown fluorescent areas of filial net work became narrow and red fluorescent cells diminished by treatment of 50% Glucose, Neo Urea and hypothermia.


The raised research, search through a study of the contents and design of the dailies of Loja, digital version; understand the shortcomings that exist in the processing of information these and how it affects in the form of user navigation.
A fleeting analysis of the Cronica and Centinela dailies, in digital format, he showed the possible problems in the management of digital journalism, which they were verified at on completion of the investigation.
Among the objectives raised, we set out to analyze comparatively, the contents of the dailies investigated; likewise if they met the characteristics mentioned by experts in digital journalism. Another objective was to examine the design of the media in the digital version and how to navigate the user.
Real data was obtained; the techniques: 1) observation of the dailies for several days consecutively and interviews with leading researchers of digital journalism, 2) allowed to find flaws in the content and design of the papers examined; 3) applying survey of 250 readers of newspapers in the city of Loja, he helped with data on how the user navigates, also what the possible problems that limit the frequent access of the reader.
The results show weaknesses in the management of content, similar wording and structure than its predecessor (the newspaper) and little use of the tools provided by the web. The designs of the investigated media need a redesign according to the needs of readers. In conclusion the results, limited user assistance.
Keywords: Digital journalism, User, design, content and navigation.


SUMMARY We report the case of a 57 year-old male with long-standing Croh's Disease treated with different medical therapies. The patient was admitted to our service with abdominal symptoms that required intensive management and parenteral nutrition. He underwent emergency surgery 5 days after admission, with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction. Multiple perforations of ileon and cecum with fistulae and abscesses were found. An ileo-cecal resection with functional end-to-end ileocolic anastomosis was done. Mechanical sutures were used and the postoperative course was uneventful. Twelve months later, he presented a rapidly growing mass in relation to the surgical scar. An incisional biopsy was consistent with a desmoid tumor. A CT scan did not establish the exact relationship between the mass and the abdominal organs and he underwent elective surgery with the diagnosis of mesenteric fibromatosis. A 20 cm tumor involving only the abdominal wall was resected. Closure of the abdomen was done primarily withouth prosthesis. The Rev. Chilena de Cirugia. Vol 55 - No 2, Abril 2003; pags. 182-187


Public health nutrition strategies to develop and maintain bone health throughout the lifecycle as well as to prevent osteoporosis in later life are urgently needed. In the United States, ;10 million Americans have osteoporosis, with costs estimated at $17.9 billion per year and costs in Europe well in excess of V13.9 billion. This review article outlines the current evidence available in the literature linking potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich foods to osteoporosis prevention. The health-related benefits of a high intake of potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich foods (e.g., fruits and vegetables) on disease prevention (e.g., cancer, heart disease) have been gaining increasing attention in the literature, and there is growing belief, from a variety of observational, experimental, clinical, and intervention studies, that a positive link exists between potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich foods and indices of bone health. However, observational studies are not hypothesis proving and can only suggest the potential mechanisms of action. We now urgently need data from randomized controlled trials to determine for certain whether a potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich diet or supplement is important to the skeleton. A 1-mo dietary intervention study involving 23to 76-y-old men and women has shown that a diet high in bicarbonate (high fruits and vegetables) and potassium (high in milk and dairy products) (Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension) significantly reduces bone turnover. Longer-term dietary studies are critical. In addition, the mechanisms underlying a positive effect of a potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich diet on bone need to be fully determined. These currently include, but are not limited to, 1) the potential role of the skeleton in acid-base homeostasis; 2) other nutrient or dietary components found in abundance in fruits and vegetables such as vitamin K, b-carotene, and vitamin C; and 3) other as yet ''unidentified'' dietary components. The road ahead is a challenging one. J. Nutr. 138: 172S–177S, 2008. General introduction and review objectives There are few foods that are good sources of both potassium and bicarbonate in the Western diet. Table 1 illustrates a variety of foods and food groups that supply pertinent amounts of potassium in the diet, with milk and dairy products being good sources. However, only fruits and vegetables are suppliers of a potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich combination (1) [and hence have a negative potential renal acid load (PRAL) value]. In the past, our main approach to examining the relation between nutrition and bone health has been to focus on specific (or a variety of) nutrients commonly consumed in the human diet (2,3). An important alternative approach is the consideration of the ''foods'' we consume rather than the nutrients contained within them; hence, we should focus on the concept of foodspecific effects on the diet rather than nutrient-specific effects. Across nations and countries, there is a general consensus regarding the proportions of food groups we should be eating. 1 Published as a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not attributable to the sponsors or the publisher, Editor, or Editorial Board of The Journal of Nutrition. Supplement contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Dairy Council. Publication costs for this supplement were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This publication must therefore be hereby marked ''advertisement'' in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. Presented at the Nutrition and Bone Health Working Group program at the ''American Society of Bone Mineral Research 28th Annual Meeting,'' held in Philadelphia, PA, September 15–19, 2006. The Nutrition and Bone Health Working Group program was organized by Laura Harkness and was sponsored by the National Dairy Council. Guest Editors for the supplement publication were Frances A. Tylavsky, University of Tennessee, The Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Lisa Spence, National Dairy Council; and Laura Harkness, Nestle R&D Center. Guest Editor disclosure: F. A. Tylavsky and L. Harkness, no relationships to disclose; L. Spence is employed by the National Dairy Council, a sponsor of the supplement publication. 2 Author disclosure: S. A. Lanham-New is a subcontractor on a grant funded by the UK Foods Standards Agency looking at dietary alkali/fruit and vegetable effects on bone health and is the principal grant holder on a grant by Glaxo SmithKine (GSK) to look at the alkali load of one of their products on dietary alkali estimates. *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: s.lanham-new@surrey. ac.uk. 3 Abbreviations used: APOSS, Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study; BMD, bone mineral density; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension; NEAP, net endogenous acid production; PRAL, potential renal acid load. 172S 0022-3166/08 $8.00 a 2008 American Society for Nutrition. by gest on O cber 1, 2013 jn.nition.org D ow nladed fom by gest on O cber 1, 2013 jn.nition.org D ow nladed fom by gest on O cber 1, 2013 jn.nition.org D ow nladed fom by gest on O cber 1, 2013 jn.nition.org D ow nladed fom by gest on O cber 1, 2013 jn.nition.org D ow nladed fom by gest on O cber 1, 2013 jn.nition.org D ow nladed fom This proportion may be displayed in different formats (e.g., the United Kingdom and Australia use a plate; the United States and Singapore use a pyramid; Finland uses a plate and pyramid combination) (Fig. 1), but in essence, the message is the same (4,5). There is general agreement that fruits and vegetables should be consumed in adequate amounts, with requirements varying according to age and energy needs (www.fruitsandveggiesmatter. gov) for the optimization of health. In addition, the U.S. Dietary Guidelines recommend 3 servings of dairy per day for the age group 9 y and above to meet potassium requirements (5). Using a food-specific approach to the prevention of osteoporosis represents a particularly attractive method. We urgently need diets for all individuals, particularly young and older women, that are balanced in key food groups and deliver an abundance of important nutrients. If we can prove that such diets have a positive effect on bone health in the long term [e.g., Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension (DASH)-type diets], there will be wide implications for clinicians to use key public health nutrition messages that can be followed by patients, with the potential of other health-related benefits. The objective of this article is to outline the evidence, as it currently stands in the literature, linking potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich foods (i.e., fruits and vegetables or dietary alkali) to osteoporosis prevention. The published cross-sectional, observational and longitudinal studies in men and women of all age groups are discussed together with the available clinical studies. The biological mechanisms for a link between dietary alkali and the skeleton are reviewed in depth. Estimating levels of dietary acidity and their link to bone health are also reviewed. The article concludes with a detailed focus on research areas that require urgent attention. Review methodology Articles that have been published over the last 3 decades (up to early 2006) have been included in this review and have been selected on the basis of their original study design. Publications have been identified from a number of sources including searches on key online databases including Medline, Ovid, and PubMed as well as the use of the Proceedings from each of the 6 International Symposiums on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis (Lausanne, Switzerland 1991–2006 and the 2nd International Symposium on Acid-Base Balance (Munich, Germany 2006). Evidence for a beneficial effect of fruits and vegetables alkali on indices of bone health Cross-sectional/longitudinal, observational studies. Observational studies are at best hypothesis generating and not (as is the case with intervention studies) hypothesis proving. However, they still provide useful background information for links between diet and disease. Of interest to the bone field is the number of population-based studies published in the latter part of the 20th century, and more recently between 2001 and 2006, which have demonstrated a consistent, beneficial effect of fruit and vegetable intake on indices of bone health across a wide range of age groups including young boys and girls (6–10), premenopausal women (11–13), perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (14,15), and elderly men and women (16). FIGURE 1 A food-based approach to dietary recommendations. An example of the pyramid model (5). TABLE 1 PRAL values of a variety of foods and food groups Food/Food group PRAL Food/Food group PRAL mEq/100 g edible portion mEq/100 g edible portion Fruits and fruit juices Milk, dairy products and eggs Apples 22.2 Milk (whole, pasteurised) 0.7 Bananas 25.5 Yoghurt (whole milk, plain) 1.5 Raisins 221.0 Cheddar cheese (reduced fat) 26.4 Grape juice 21.0 Cottage cheese 8.7 Lemon juice 22.5 Eggs (yolk) 23.4 Vegetables Meat, meat products and fish Spinach 214.0 Beef (lean only) 7.8 Broccoli 21.2 Chicken (meat only) 8.7 Carrots 24.9 Pork (lean only) 7.9 Potatoes 24.0 Liver sausage 10.6 Grain products Beverages Bread (white wheat) 3.7 Coca Cola 0.4 Oat flakes 10.7 Coffee (infusion) 21.4 Rice (brown) 12.5 Tea (Indian infusion) 20.3 Spaghetti (white) 6.5 White wine 21.2 Cornflakes 6.0 Red wine –2.4 1 Reproduced from Remer and Manz (1). Potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich foods and bone health 173S Baseline findings of the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study (APOSS) have shown specific associations between nutrients found in abundance in fruits and vegetables and both axial and peripheral bone mass and markers of bone resorption. Women (n 1⁄4 994) in t


Fuzzy graph theory is a useful and well-known tool to model and solve many real-life optimization problems. Since real-life problems are often uncertain due to inconsistent and indeterminate information, it is very hard for an expert to model those problems using a fuzzy graph. A neutrosophic graph can deal with the uncertainty associated with the inconsistent and indeterminate information of any real-world problem, where fuzzy graphs may fail to reveal satisfactory results. The concepts of the regularity and degree of a node play a significant role in both the theory and application of graph theory in the neutrosophic environment. In this work, we describe the utility of the regular neutrosophic graph and bipartite neutrosophic graph to model an assignment problem, a road transport network, and a social network. For this purpose, we introduce the definitions of the regular neutrosophic graph, star neutrosophic graph, regular complete neutrosophic graph, complete bipartite neutrosophic graph, and regular strong neutrosophic graph. We define the d m - and t d m -degrees of a node in a regular neutrosophic graph. Depending on the degree of the node, this paper classifies the regularity of a neutrosophic graph into three types, namely d m -regular, t d m -regular, and m-highly irregular neutrosophic graphs. We present some theorems and properties of those regular neutrosophic graphs. The concept of an m-highly irregular neutrosophic graph on cycle and path graphs is also investigated in this paper. The definition of busy and free nodes in a regular neutrosophic graph is presented here. We introduce the idea of the μ -complement and h-morphism of a regular neutrosophic graph. Some properties of complement and isomorphic regular neutrosophic graphs are presented here.


Service discovery enables a highly dynamic infrastructure where client devices are able to seek particular services of interest provided by devices in the network. This paper presents FRODO, a robust and resource aware service discovery mechanism for the home environment.


The authors would like to provide a clarification in relation to Figure 1 in the article.

Although all the cell lines/lanes were exposed together (see accompanying original raw blots), most site panels were not run in adjacent lanes but were cut and pasted to fit the figure format. We provide a revised Figure 1 where a dividing vertical line indicates which lanes were not adjacent in the raw blot. Furthermore, the bands for the breast cancer panel are slightly overcropped and a band for the CNS panel (present in the original raw blot) was cut off. In part, this is due to the fact that cell line SF295 was ran together with the positive control lung cell line H-520 (see figure 2) that is not a member of the NIH-60 cell panel and was cropped out from the original raw blot to fit the description of this figure dedicated to the NCI-60 cell panel.

Raw Blots:

(1)

Figure 1:


A special unlicensed medicine is one that is manufactured without a marketing authorisation (MA) from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). An MA (or product licence) is granted by the MHRA only once a medicinal product has been proven to be safe and effective. Prescribed products that do not hold an MA include those prepared on an individual basis by 'special order' manufacturers (for example liquid preparations), products classed as 'food supplements' (such as vitamin D preparations), and medicines that are licensed abroad but which do not hold a UK MA.1

The MHRA recommends that unlicensed medicines should only be used when existing licensed medicinal products are not appropriate to meet patient needs2 and this is also echoed in guidance from the General Medical Council.3 An example of this situation often arises in paediatric medicine due to smaller or unusual doses being required, which cannot normally be administered using standard solid oral dosage forms. Other examples include patients with difficulty swallowing solid oral dosage forms and patients needing to receive medicines through enteral feeding tubes. Medicines that have received marketing authorisations in countries other than the UK are another example of unlicensed medicines that may be employed where licensed preparations have been unsuccessful or unsuitable.4 Midodrine tablets for example, which are licensed in the US but not in the UK, may be used for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension where treatment with fludrocortisone has been unsuccessful, or use of a steroid is unsuitable for the patient. There is also significant prescribing of products classed as 'food supplements' that do not hold a marketing authorisation.5

Prescribing and dispensing of unlicensed medicines comes with additional professional responsibilities for both the prescriber and the dispensing pharmacist.6 Without a marketing authorisation, there is no MA holder …


Little Curlews Numenius minutus arrive in Darwin in September and depart in December, moving inland. Their occurrence in other months is exceptional. They do not normally stop on the Darwin coastal plains on their return migration.


This empirical study investigates the relationship between local fiscal decentralisation and economic development among all US states from 1977 through 1997 by employing a vector autoregression (VAR) model. While past literature focused on a one way relationship between fiscal decentralisation and economic development, this paper is the first to examine a reciprocal relationship between both variables. Both VAR and Granger causality result indicate that the reciprocal relationship exists in 18 states where nine of the 18 states had a positive relationship, five states had a negative relationship, and the remaining four states had mixed signs. The negative reciprocal relationship implies the lowest form of development, the mixed sign reciprocal relationship indicates the second level of economic development, whereas the positive simultaneous relationship indicates the highest form of development.


Viridicatin derivatives were synthesized from cyanoacetanilides utilizing the CN groups as electron-withdrawing groups and leaving groups. Also, the key scaffolds of glycocitlones were constructed via the intramolecular Houben-Hoesch-type reactions of cyanoacetanilides where the CN groups functioned as electrophiles. It was found that Houben-Hoesch-type reactions of cyanoacetanilides were promoted by α-functionalization such as perfluoroacylation and N,N-dimethylaminomethylenation and that introduction of such substituents at α-position with respect to the CN groups greatly influenced the physical properties and chemical reactivity of the CN groups.


The present work aims to investigate the cost benefit relationship between the use of slabs of massive and ribbed types in multifamily buildings. For the elaboration of the study a qualitative study was used, of exploratory level whose method of procedure adopted was the comparative study. The work was carried out with the intention of evaluating the potential differences between the consumptions of materials required for the massive and ribbed slabs as well as to compare concepts used for both types and to describe procedures and dimensional developments for the slabs. In this case it was found that the ribbed slab is economically more feasible, as it also has its own weight and reactions in the lower beams of the massive slabs.


We present work on the eflective utilization of ANNs for the recognition and location of specific regulatoly elements in genomic DNA, namely promoters. In particular, we rely on the utilization of knowledge-based NN (kbNN) techniques for the automatic construction of Time Delay NN (TDNN) architectures. The prior-knowledge is based and extracted from position weight-matrices of the DNA-sequence bases. The resulted kPRNN: knowledgeable Promoter Recognition Neural Network is trained, and the knowledge used to initialize the TDNN is refined. Experimental results show a significant improvement in TDNN-based promoter recognition.