In this article, a time discretization decoupled scheme for two‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamics equations is proposed. The almost unconditional ( Δ t ≤ C ) H 2 stability and convergence of this scheme are provided. The optimal L 2 − H 1 error estimates for velocity and magnet are provided, and the optimal L 2 error estimate for pressure are deduced as well. Finite element spatial discretization and numerical implementation are considered in our article (Zhang and He, Comput Math Appl 69 (2015), 1390–1406). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 956–973, 2017


BODY COMPOSITION AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN BPD CHILDREN AT SCHOOL AGE: COMPARISON WITH NON-BPD PRETERM AND TERM BORN CHILDREN † 1843


Background: Alcohol is a common etiological factor in the pathogenesis of both pancreatic and liver disease. The frequencies of associated liver histological change in patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (AICP) vary from series to series. Significant proportion of patients with alcoholic pancreatitis does have histological changes in liver. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted at Narayana Medical College & Hospital, Chintareddy Palem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh on liver-biopsy specimens from 23 patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis subjected to operation for pain, from August 2015 to July 2016 and all the patients had undergone liver biopsy at the time of surgery for AICP. The patients were followed as part of a prospective study of 33 patients who had been treated for chronic pancreatitis. The pathologists were requested to report on alcohol related histological changes in the specimen. Results: There were 23 patients and all were men. Chronic pancreatitis was   due to alcohol abuse in all patients. The median age at surgery was 39.8 years. The mean duration of alcohol abuse was 20.5 years (range 6-29 years).The average alcohol intake was 122gm 36gms/day. Three patients had jaundice for 3-6 months duration. None of the patients had any other risk factor for liver disease and none of them had clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease. The histological reports were, 4 patients had alcoholic hepatitis, 2 severe steatohepatitis, 1 granulomatous hepatitis, 3 cholestasitc changes, one fatty liver and 12 had no significant pathology. None of the patients had cirrhosis. Thus significant alcoholic liver disease was present in 30.4% (7/23) of the patients. There was  no increased incidence of post-operative mortality and morbidity in patients with liver pathology. Conclusion: As reported in many other series, chronic alcoholic pancreatitis is associated with histological changes in liver in significant proportion of patients. However its clinical significance and prognosis of these patients are unknown.


existential suffering and proposal of clinical guidelines for the sedation of patients with intractable physical, mental or spiritual distress1,2 are cogent, welcome contributions to the field of palliative medicine. His comments contain much to admire, including the emphasis on the patient's symptoms, not the patient's death, as the focus of care. His recommendation that the treatment (including drug dosages) be adjusted based on the patient's symptoms gives this sometimes controversial practice a sensible clinical platform that withstands rigorous ethical investigation (for example, utilizing Jonsen's four-box method3 of clinical ethical analysis). Content notwithstanding, however, I most admire Rousseau's reviews for what they lack— the perpetuation of the linguistic quagmire, "terminal sedation." Attributed to Robert E. Enck, MD,4 the phrase "terminal sedation" is commonly used for the clinical practice of utilizing therapeutic sedation in imminently dying patients, as a means of palliating symptoms which are not ameliorated by other, less aggressive measures. Debate concerning the ethical implications of the practice has been, at times, lively—ranging from case descriptions praising its efficacy and humaneness5 to editorials decrying it as "slow euthanasia."6,7 For most clinicians, however, the practice seems to be an acceptable method of treating patients with otherwise intractable symptoms, provided that the focus of drug titration is symptom relief, not the patient's death.8,9 This distinction appeals to the ethical principle of double effect: if the patient's death is an undesired but anticipated secondary effect of the treatment, this is allowable, as the secondary effect was not intended.10 As this intervention grows in acceptance and in frequency, the use of the term "terminal sedation" to describe it should be abandoned. As Chater et. al. have pointed out,11 the phrase is confusing, in that the object of the adjective "terminal" is not explicit. Does it apply to the sedation (implying that the object of the practice is sedating someone to death) or to the patient (implying that the patient is in the final stage of illness)? Since this ambiguity is always present, the phrase is often interpreted to imply intent to kill. This interpretation has the potential to restrict patient access of state-of-the art palliative care, by leaving patients and families confused about their physicians' intent, and by leaving physicians fearful that their palliative interventions will be wrongly prejudged as "mercy killing."12,13 These considerations not withstanding, many authors8,9,14-20 (formerly including Rousseau himself21) have persisted in describing the clinical practice of sedating terminally ill patients with intractable physical, mental, or spiritual distress as terminal sedation. In explaining their position, Quill and Byock maintain that doing so is necessary to distinguish sedation in antemortem care from sedation in other settings (such as the treatment of burn victims), and to lend


With an eye toward the new millennium, the colloquium on federal R&D funding held each spring in Washington, D.C., by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) once again drew a critical mass of policy thinkers from academe, industry, and government. Along with a detailed report on R&D in the Administration's 2000 budget request, this year's gathering featured a look at the global "knowledge economy" among the forces shaping U.S. science and technology policy. The AAAS budget reporta useful and highly readable summary of the Clinton Administration's R&D proposalsincludes observations of the Administration's budget request by the National Academy of Science's Committee on Science, Engineering & Public Policy (COSEPUP). This year, the committee was sufficiently alarmed by its findings that it held a separate briefing in advance of the colloquium. The committee's concerns focus on balance in the federal R&D portfolio. Decreases in the Department of Defense's science and technology budget...


Numerical simulations reveal that variations in wind stress and heat fluxes can induce significant interannual fluctuations in the circulation of the upper layers of the Mediterranean. From January 1980 to November 1988, the atmosphere shows changes in the structure and magnitude of the surface winds and in the air temperatures which induce modifications in the upper ocean structure and currents. The model prediction of the interannual fluctuations of the Sicily Strait baroclinic westward volume transport is in agreement with observations and the variability is explained as a function of the wind curl forcing in the region. The current anomalies persist for many months after a Winter atmospheric anomalous disturbance has occurred over the basin. The Eastern Mediterranean basin is the area where the interannual ocean response is most pronounced.


The invention relates to a new improved three-dimensional measurement method based on Stockwell transform. The invention mainly aims at precisely solving the phase distribution of a stripe image and getting three-dimensional appearance information of an object by the phase distribution. The implementation steps are as follows: projecting a black and white sine stripe image on the measured object; performing the Stockwell transform on the deformation stripe image which is collected by a CCD (charge coupled device) line by line, extracting a Stockwell transform ridge, then figuring out and removing errors caused by phase two-order derivation during the process of seeking the ridge, and finally getting a precise window size matrix; substituting the precise window matrix into a window Fourier transform, and calculating relative phase information of a deformation stripe pattern through filtration and other steps; establishing a quality map of the stripe pattern, then performing phase unwrapping by adopting a flood fill algorithm, and getting the absolute phase distribution of the stripe image; and getting the three-dimensional information of the measured object by the absolute phase distribution according to a phase-to-height conversion formula.


A new approach for recognizing the iris of the human eye is presented. Zero-crossings of the wavelet transform at various resolution levels are calculated over concentric circles on the iris, and the resulting one-dimensional (1-D) signals are compared with model features using different dissimilarity functions.


Currently many ontologies are available for addressing different domains. However, it is not always possible to deploy such ontologies to support collaborative working, so that their full potential can be exploited to implement intelligent cooperative applications capable of reasoning over a network of context-specific ontologies. The main problem arises from the fact that presently ontologies are created in an isolated way to address specific needs. However we foresee the need for a network of ontologies which will support the next generation of intelligent applications/devices, and, the vision of Ambient Intelligence. The main objective of this paper is to motivate the design of a networked ontology (Meta) model which formalises ways of connecting available ontologies so that they are easy to search, to characterise and to maintain. The aim is to make explicit the virtual and implicit network of ontologies serving the Semantic Web.


Hemidactylus brookii
 has one of the widest distributions and, arguably, one of the most confused taxonomic histories of any
gekkonid lizard. Nuclear (RAG1 and PDC) and mitochondrial (ND2, cyt
b
) DNA sequence data were employed to examine
relationships among a sample of putative
H. brookii
, including a topotypical specimen from Borneo. Two clades were recovered,
one consisting of specimens from Borneo (Sarawak), Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia and Karnataka, southwestern India, and
another of specimens from Sri Lanka, Mauritius and Kerala, southwestern India. Both clades are well supported and deeply
divergent from one another, whereas genetic variation within each clade is limited. None of the analytical approaches used
recovered a well-supported monophyletic
 H. brookii sensu lato
. Near uniformity of
H. brookii
sensu stricto
in East Asia suggests
that this species has spread to this region relatively recently. The name
H. parvimaculatus
 Deraniyagala 1953 is available for
the Sri Lankan clade and this form should be treated as a valid species. Existing data cannot be used to distinguish whether
this species has colonized Sri Lanka from South India or vice versa. The Palghat Gap provides a candidate barrier to gene
flow between
H. brookii
 and
H. parvimaculatus
. Although the identity of
H. brookii
 complex geckos in East Asia and Sri
Lanka appears resolved, the situation in India and Pakistan remains complex and thorough revisionary work, coupled with
phylogenetic studies, is needed to determine species boundaries in this region


PURPOSE
To determine whether change in size is a characteristic of cavernous hemangioma of the liver.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-one focal masses in 21 patients were diagnosed as cavernous hemangiomas with imaging-guided percutaneous fine-needle biopsy performed between 2 weeks and 2 months after initial imaging study (computed tomography [CT] or ultrasonography [US]). Follow-up imaging examinations (CT, US, or magnetic resonance imaging plus US) were obtained at 5-84 months in all patients.

RESULTS
The cavernous hemangiomas ranged in size from 1.5 to 13.5 cm. At follow-up imaging, 19 (90%) of 21 lesions had not changed in size; the two remaining lesions increased by 1 and 2 cm over 3 and 10 months, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The size of the majority of cavernous hemangiomas remains stable for periods of follow-up ranging from 5 to 84 months. Growth of these lesions is not characteristic and, when it occurs, should prompt reassessment of the diagnosis.


The work deals with the features of correlations slow waves of hemodynamic of persons with different types of circulation. Found that the connection of registered slow-wave hemodynamic parameters are-differences depending on the type of circulation.


A versatile hydrothermal reaction between KMnO4 and ascorbic acid(AA) was developed to synthesize manganese compounds.A variety of nanostructured manganese oxides including Mn3O4 nanoparticles,MnOOH,α-MnO2 and β-MnO2 nanorods have been prepared through adjusting the molar ratio of the reactants,pH value of the aqueous solution,reaction temperature and reaction time.The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) .The possible reaction mechanism was discussed.


The problem of satellites rephasing is fully examined. The classical two impulsive burns solutions, the socalled walking-orbits, are first considered and then generalized. The trajectories are then optimised with respect to the required ΔV . New transfer orbits are found that accomplish the rephasing of satellites in a shorter time (up to 5% less) and saving up to 3% on the ΔV required. This demonstrates how the classical walking-orbits are not the optimal solution to the problem. Moreover the study makes it possible to select the manoeuvre time, or the ΔV arbitrarily rather than in a countable set of values as was forced by considering only the classical solutions.


The career of W .B. Lewis divides naturally into two parts. The first part extends from his birth through his years at Cambridge and his wartime involvement with radar. The second part was spent in Canada where he directed Canadian nuclear research and nuclear power development. Each of these parts is the special responsibility of one of the authors.


Objective To evaluate the wrapper tube in emergency endoscopy for gastro-esophageal variceal hemorrhage. Methods A total of 62 patients diagnosed as having gastro-esophageal variceal bleeding were enrolled as the treatment group to accept wrapper tube assisted emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy. The therapeutic effect was compared with another group of 62 patients who also had gastro-esophageal variceal hemorrhage while treated by conventional emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy (control group). Results The rate of hemostasis with wrapper tube was 100%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (80. 65%, P 〈0. 05). The rate of gastro-esophageal varices remission after sclerotherapy in treatment group was 59.32%, which was also significantly higher than that of the control group (7. 25%, P 〈 0. 05 ). The rates of chest pain, esophageal ulcer, length of hospitalization, and total medical cost in treatment group were significantly lower than those of control group ( P 〈 0. 05 ). Conclusion Wrapper tube in emergency endoscopy for gastro-esophageal varices bleeding can improve therapeutic effect and relieve patients' economic burden.

Key words:
Esophageal and gastric varices Hemostasis, endoscopic Endoscopic wrapper


Disclosed is a separate-layer sand blocking simultaneous production pipe string. In order to overcome the shortcoming that due to phenomena of sand jamming, sand blocking and sand burying of an existing oil well with the serious interlayer interference, oil production cannot be smoothly carried out, an upper packer, a safety joint I, a screen pipe I, a safety joint II, a lower packer, a safety joint III, a screen pipe II and a screwed plug of the separate-layer pipe string are sequentially and fixedly connected from top to bottom through oil pipes, and an upper sealing working cylinder is fixedly arranged between the screen pipe I and the safety joint II of the separate-layer pipe string. A lower sealing working cylinder is fixedly arranged between the safety joint III and the screen pipe II, and the inner diameter of the upper sealing working cylinder and the inner diameter of the lower sealing working cylinder are smaller than the inner diameter of the oil pipes. A hollow sealing pipe is fixedly arranged at the lower end of a separate-layer oil production pump of a lifting pipe string, and the lower end of the hollow sealing pipe is always matched with an inner hole of the upper sealing working cylinder. An annulus is formed between the hollow sealing pipe and an inner hole, above the upper sealing working cylinder, of the separate-layer pipe string. The separate-layer sand blocking simultaneous production pipe string has the beneficial effects of being reasonable in structural design, and capable of avoiding the interlayer interference, and effectively improving per-well production and production aging of a sandy well.


Let Q be a tame quiver of type Ãn and Rep (Q) the category of finite dimensional representations over an algebraically closed field. A representation is simply called a module. It will be shown that a regular string module has, up to isomorphism, at most two Gabriel-Roiter submodules. The quivers Q with sink-source orientations will be characterized as those, whose central parts do not contain preinjective modules. It will also be shown that there are only finitely many (central) Gabriel-Roiter measures admitting no direct predecessors. This fact will be generalized for all tame quivers. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 16G20,16G70


Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) remain the core and account for the vast majority of enterprises, while providing a significant source of employment, yielding a greater proportion of output in most countries around the world. They account for about two thirds of employment and contribute to more than 50 per cent of GDP in many countries.1 Contribution of the MSME sector to the economic output is generally found to be higher in high income countries than in medium and low income countries, highlighting the potential of their contribution to growth, particularly in developing nations (Gonzales, Hommes and Laura, 2014).


Foveation is a biologically inspired signal processing method that can substantially reduce the storage and transmission size of imagery without reducing pertinent information content. By varying the spatial resolution, information can be preserved in areas of interest while lower resolution in the periphery reduces image storage size. Herein, we present an adaptive method for adjusting the parameters of foveation to maintain correlation between a target image and an image corrupted with noise.


The comprehensive analysis and visua l ization of data extracted from cDNA microarrays can be a time-consuming an d error-prone process that becomes increa s ingly tedious with increased number of gen e elements on a particular microarray. Wit h the increasingly large number of gene el e ments on today's microarrays, analysis tool s must be developed to meet this challenge . Here, we present MarC-V, a Microsof t ®E x ce l ® spreadsheet tool with Visual Basi c ® macros to automate much of the visualiz a tion and calculation involved in the analysi s process while providing the familiarity an d flexibility of Excel. Automated features o f this tool include ( i) lower-bound threshol d ing, (i i) data normalization, (ii i) generatio n of ratio frequency distribution plots, (i v ) generation of scatter plots color-coded b y expression level, ( v) ratio scoring based o n intensity measurements, (v i) filtering of dat a based on expression level or specific gen e interests, and (vi i) exporting data for subs e quent multi-array analysis. MarC-V als o has an importing function included fo r GenePi x ®results (GPR) raw data files .


This bachelor thesis deals with the subject matter of Charitni domov, a residential care home in the village of Moravec. As there have always been the old and sick in need of help, this thesis focuses on the people who have provided them with both nursing and spiritual care. At Charitni domov, originally nuns attended to the residents while nowadays mostly secular employees perform this work. This thesis presents the history of Charitni domov with a special focus on the various religious orders involved and it gives an account of its current condition and activities.


Eight sites were drilled on Leg 22 in the northeastern Indian Ocean. Three sites (214, 216, 217) on Ninetyeast Ridge penetrated a thick sequence of mostly Tertiary calcareous oozes passing down into shallow-water sediments with volcanogenic material in Sites 214 and 216. The age of the basal sequence increases northwards from Paleocene (214) through Maastrichtian (216) to Campanian (217). A nonmarine sequence of volcaniclastics and lignite overlies basalt at 214. Drilling terminated in a dolomite chert sequence at 217 before basalt was encountered. Two sites (213, 215), in deep water on either side of Ninetyeast Ridge, showed calcareous ooze of Paleocene to early Eocene age overlying basalt passing up into brown clay and finally siliceous ooze of late Miocene and younger age. A major hiatus centered in the Oligocene occurs at both these sites. One site (212), drilled in the deepest part of the Wharton Basin, penetrated a brown clay sequence interbedded with several thick calcareous units, each of a very short time duration. Evidence from sedimentary structures and calcareous microfossils indicate that these calcareous sediments deposited below the calcium carbonate compensation depth (CCD) have been reworked from shallower water. The age of basement at Site 212 is estimated at about 90 to 100 m.y. Site 211, situated in the northern part of the Wharton Basin, recovered Campanian calcareous ooze overlying basalt. An undated brown clay sequence lies between the calcareous ooze and a thick Pliocene section of terrigenous sediments, representing the distal portion of the Nicobar Fan. Siliceous ooze with some rhyolitic ash beds, presumably derived from the Indonesian volcanic arc, indicate cessation of terrigenous sedimentation here since the late Pliocene. Similar ash beds were also seen in Pleistocene sediments at Site 216. Site 218 was drilled in the central portion of the Bengal Fan, which here comprises a thick sequence of terrigenous sediments at least as old as middle Miocene. Variations in sand-silt-clay ratios coupled with the occurrence of interbeds of calcareous ooze in places indicate four major pulses of terrigenous sedimentation. Two thin beds of terrigenous sediments penetrated at Site 215 show that the distal portion of the Bengal Fan reached as far as 8 S in the late Miocene. Introduction General Source of Data Review of Main Results Site Summaries Regional Patterns of Sedimentation Distribution of Components and Structures Calcareous Nannofossils Foraminifera Other Calcareous Fossils Siliceous Fossils CONTENTS 718 718 718 718 718 723 725 725 726 729 729 Clay Minerals Detrital Minerals Zeolites Manganese Iron Oxides Glauconite Sedimentary Structures Major Sedimentary Facies Calcareous Ooze Siliceous Oozes Terrigenous Sediments 729 731 733 737 737 737 737 739 739 742 743


The influence of some important biological and physicochemical factors on the bioconcentration of hydrophobic organic chemicals is outlined. For non-ionizable, persistent compounds the bioconcentration factor can be related to a compound's octanol/water partition coefficient, aqueous solubility and molecular weight, while the lipid content of an organism also affects the bioconcentration potential of these compounds. The effect of ionization and biodegradation of organic chemicals on bioconcentration is also discussed.


Research and clinical efforts aimed at understanding and improving the communication impairments associated with acquired right hemisphere damage (RHD) are hampered by lack of a formal definition or label. This paper addresses that issue in light of the recent proposal by Joanette and Anslado (1999a, b) that RHD communication disorders be called "Pragmatic Aphasia". Underlying assumptions regarding the use of the term aphasia to describe these deficits and the concept that pragmatics is inherent to language are questioned. The potential value of "pragmatics" as it relates to communicative intents, and its potential application to a definition of RHD communication impairments are also explored.


This paper provides an overview of various existing approaches to automated formal analysis and verification. The most space is devoted to the approach of model checking, including its basic principles as well as the different techniques that have been proposed for dealing with the state space explosion problem in model checking. This paper, however, includes a brief discussion of theorem proving and static analysis too. All of the discussed approaches are introduced mostly on an informal level, with an attempt to provide the reader with their basic ideas and references to works where more details can be found.


Energy development in the United States faces problems of regional acceptance. This paper examines the regional energy development decisions generally by looking at the impact of geothermal energy development on Imperial Valley, California. While land use will vary for different energy source development projects the basic economic trends will be similar. Regional, interregional and regional-national policies intended to improve the impact of development are discussed. Basic to any national energy goal is the cooperation among decision and policy makers on the local, regional and national levels. (SAC)


This work presents an analysis about how the performance of silicon photovoltaic cells is influenced by the use of epoxy resin as encapsulation material with flat roughness. The effect of encapsulation on current at maximum power of mono-crystalline cell was tested indoor in a solar simulator bench at 1000 w/m² and AM1.5G. The results show that implementation of flat roughness layer onto cell surface reduces the maximum current inducing on average 2.7% less power with respect to a cell before any encapsulation. The losses of power and, in consequence, the less production of energy are explained by resin light absorption, reflection and partially neutralization of non-reflective coating.


The paper discusses spatial characteristics of two novels by E.E. Cummings in the context of the author's changing view of the revolution. Persistent spatial patterns and oppositions (e.g., closed vs. open space, circularity vs. linearity of movement) are considered in connection with respective grammar categories of Cummings' language (e.g., negation vs. affirmation, plural vs. singular). Consequently, the paper argues that the concept of revolution, which in the first novel (The Enormous Room, 1922) was associated with kinesis, overcoming of borders and the affirmation of life, in the second novel (EIMI, 1933) ends up being linked with absolutely opposite spatial, grammatical and value categories, i.e. with stasis, closedness, and ultimately with death.


Abstract We investigate how the performance of explicit MPC feedback laws is affected by rounding-based quantization of the control commands. Specifically, we address the problem of providing a rigorous certificate that a given quantized piecewise affine explicit MPC feedback is bounded from below and from above by specific functions. These functions are constructed as to reflect typical control requirements, such as recursive feasibility and closed-loop stability. We show how to obtain an analytical form of the quantized MPC feedback and how to provide the certificate by solving a set of linear programs.


The article discusses the issue of rind and being rind, which is lit-tle studied in our literary studies. The roots of the May Revolution, which played an essential role in revealing the nature of Rind, were analyzed from a scientific point of view. The etymology of the Rind symbol and the factors underlying the transformation of this term into a symbol are discussed. In the theoretical sources of Sufism, meditation, which has a certain place in the socio-cultural life of the peoples of the East, is recognized as an ac-tivity embodying important signs of human spiritual maturity. One of the basic concepts in the study of Rindlik is the term "may" (wine). Is the term "may" (wine) a metaphorically used symbol In Rindona poetry or is the connection with its material basis (the intoxicating properties of "may") also preserved? What is the role of harmony between these two aspects in understanding the essence of rind and being rind? The author's thoughts on these issues will help to reveal the truth of rind and being rind


The article examines methodological prerequisites of a theoretical category «reconciliation procedure in the law». A multi-branch character of the reconciliation procedure is demonstrated. General legal characteristic of mediation as a form of reconciliation is given.


This study proposes to (1) set forth, in a brief way, the gradual evolution of pragmatism from about 1905 down to the present, (2) to clearly define pragmatism and to differentiate between it and some other "isms" having philosophical significance, (3) and to show how pragmatism has made for itself a place in the modern school curriculum.


The author of this book argues that patients in psychotherapy need two therapists, one man and one woman, and should see these therapists in alternating sequence. The therapists should keep in touch with each other regularly, with the patients' knowledge and permission. This lengthy book presents Flescher's rationale for such a treatment structure, gives clinical examples in the form of long and short excerpts and summaries, and discusses the indicationsemploying such a structure. He states that 123 patients have been treated in the last decade in this manner by himself and coworkers at the Dual Therapy and Research Bureau in New York. Results? "All in all, once dual therapy was carried beyond the first two or three months it yielded favorafa-svorableses treated. This is the more noteworthy as all but four cases had been previously treated without y treated without suctimes with imes with intensive and pro


Abstract : A small, axisymmetric body with numerous millimeter-scale microtiles embedded with thin arrays of magnets and electrodes has been designed and built at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Newport, Rl. For sea water turbulence control at high Reynolds numbers, these microtiles produce Lorentz forces of preferred orientation by crossing electric and magnetic fields. This report presents a system-theory approach to control of a two-dimensional flow on a flat plate using Lorentz forces produced by these microtiles. Beginning with the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations of motion, a finite, dimensional, linear state variable, approximate model is obtained using Galerkin's procedure. Based on this model, linear feedback control laws are obtained to achieve stabilization of the perturbed flow to the base flow. It is shown that spatially distributed longitudinal or surface-normal forces stabilize the flow perturbations. However, for lower wave numbers, longitudinal forces are more effective because surface-normal forces require larger electrode voltages for the same response characteristics. Simulation results are presented to show how stabilization is accomplished in the closed-loop system.


Abstract In Aleut, verbs of observation such as uku- 'to get sight of; to find', - 'to see; to look at' (passive ukuĝa-), and tut- 'to get to hear', tuta- 'to hear; to feel', take nominal and pronominal objects of various kinds and two types of clausal complements: (a) a finite type, marked by the "present" suffix -ku- (negativ -lakaĝ-), which appears to be a challenge to syntactic theory and (b) a participial type, marked mostly by the suffix -na-, the participial equivalent of the present -ku-. 1 Some introductory remarks about the Aleut system of reference may be useful.


The Han Dynasty Great Wall (GH), one of the largest and most significant ancient defense projects in the whole of northern China, has been studied increasingly not only because it provides important information about the diplomatic and military strategies of the Han Empire (206 B.C.–220 A.D.), but also because it is considered to be a cultural and national symbol of modern China as well as a valuable archaeological monument. Thus, it is crucial to obtain the spatial pattern and preservation situation of the GH for next-step archaeological analysis and conservation management. Nowadays, remote sensing specialists and archaeologists have given priority to manual visualization and a (semi-) automatic extraction approach is lacking. Based on the very high-resolution (VHR) satellite remote sensing imagery, this paper aims to identify automatically the archaeological features of the GH located in ancient Dunhuang, northwest China. Gaofen-1 (GF-1) data were first processed and enhanced after image correction and mathematical morphology, and the M-statistic was then used to analyze the spectral characteristics of GF-1 multispectral (MS) data. In addition, based on GF-1 panchromatic (PAN) data, an auto-identification method that integrates an improved Otsu segmentation algorithm with a Linear Hough Transform (LHT) is proposed. Finally, by making a comparison with visual extraction results, the proposed method was assessed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively to have an accuracy of 80% for the homogenous background in Dunhuang. These automatic identification results could be used to map and evaluate the preservation state of the GH in Dunhuang. Also, the proposed automatic approach was applied to identify similar linear traces of other generations of the Great Wall of China (Western Xia Dynasty (581 A.D.–618 A.D.) and Ming Dynasty (1368 A.D.–1644 A.D.)) in various geographic regions. Moreover, the results indicate that the computer-based automatic identification has great potential in archaeological research, and the proposed method can be generalized and applied to monitor and evaluate the state of preservation of the Great Wall of China in the future.


It seems defensible to propose that one of the most important tasks of both philosophical and psychological aesthetics ought to be the delineation of aesthetic responses of different quality and intensity, with particular attention devoted to peak aesthetic experiences.1 A related goal would presumably be the discovery of commonalities among the responses to man-made objects (works of art, architecture, and engineering) and to those induced by natural wonders.2 Furthermore, it seems self-evident that the exploration of aesthetic responses would profit from a comparison of their cognitive and emotional attributes with those that characterize non-aesthetic (for example, more explicitly utilitarian) responses.3 Such a comparison may also facilitate the formulation of hypotheses about the evolutionary origins of aesthetic responses. These are the kinds of concerns that Vladimir Konecni's recently developed Aesthetic Trinity Theory (ATT hereafter) attempts to address.4 After presenting the main features of ATT as succinctly as possible, the article will focus on the concept of the sublime and especially on its treatment within ATT. The general point of view throughout the essay is derived from psychological aesthetics and the emerging field of experimental philosophy.5 Although new empirical data regarding ATT and the sublime will not be presented in detail, references will be made to some relevant research findings and to the kind of data that it would be useful and feasible to obtain. One of the key claims will be that it is advantageous for the sublime to be conceptualized in such a way as to become amenable to meaningful operationalization and thus to experimental manipulation and measurement of its effects. In fact, a field of scholarship that genuinely respects empirical findings - regardless of whether its primary emphasis is philosophical or psychological - must require a definition of the sublime that is sufficiently rigorous and circumscribed to allow the concept to be "testable" or "manipulable" in research. It remains to be seen whether the traditional philosophers-aestheticians will agree that the gain from adopting a less vague and less idiosyncratic definition of the sublime, which makes empirical work possible, offsets a certain degree of "impoverishment" in the content of this ancient philosophical idea. However, some preliminary results that have already been obtained are such that they would have been unlikely to be correctly predicted by thought experiments. This essay will not address music, either with regard to the sublime or to aesthetic responses. The reason is that music, especially absolute music, is an exceedingly complex domain in both theoretical and empirical aesthetics, and one that abounds in conceptual and technical peculiarities; this is especially true with regard to the relationship of music and emotion.6 Aesthetic Trinity Theory In ATT, a tripartite hierarchy of responses is proposed: Aesthetic awe, as the peak experience; the state of being-moved (or being-touched), as a less pronounced experience; and thrills (or chills), as the most common experience. The three responses are conceptualized as levels of experience that differ in terms of intensity, depth, and frequency.7 In this essay, the discussion of responses of being-moved and thrills is rudimentary. Far more attention is devoted to aesthetic awe, primarily because of its relationship to the sublime. Awe and Aesthetic Awe According to the Oxford English Dictionary, "from its use in reference to the Divine Being [the meaning of awe] passes gradually into: dread mingled with veneration, reverential or respectful fear; the attitude of a mind subdued to profound reverence in the presence of supreme authority, moral greatness or sublimity, or mysterious sacredness."8 In an important article, Keltner and Haidt discuss awe as a moral and spiritual, as well as well as an "aesthetic emotion," but do not pursue the notion of sublimity or the sublime that is offered in the OED definition. …


Abstract : A method of protecting lubricants from molds by introducing the antiseptic 4-caproyl resorcin (3, 5-dihydroxyhexanophenone) is described. The use of these lubricants is recommended for optical instruments intended for application in moist tropical climates. (Author)


Abstract : In the problem under consideration a decision maker has a total of M candidates to interview sequentially. The decision maker must either accept or reject the candidate being interviewed after he has been ranked with respect to his predecessors. Once rejected a candidate cannot be reconsidered; once a candidate is accepted no futher interviews are carried out. The objective is to select the candidate in such a way as to maximize the probability of choosing the best of all M candidates (assuming every ordering of interviews is equally likely). In this paper we allow M to be a random variable and determine sufficient conditions on its distribution so as to obtain an optimal policy of simple form. (Author)


Periodical,the main documents recording scientific knowledge and spreading the information and achievements,is an important part of the sources of libraries in technical college.A new characteristic appeared in construction of periodical information resources under network environment,measures should be carried out in the construction of periodical information resources for improving the periodical construction and service.


In this work, the generalized theory with dual-phase-lag of thermoelasticity is employed to study the influences induced by absorbing a penetrating laser radiation inside a 2D thermoelastic semi-infinite medium. The medium's surface is presumed to be exposed to temperature-dependent heat losses and is traction-free. The considered problem is solved using the integral transforms technique by applying the double-transformation Laplace and Hankel. A numerical fashion is applied to obtain the inverse of the Laplace transformation. The results of this problem are presented graphically for some studied fields.


This paper presents an extended and-or tree and an extended WAM (Warren Abstract Machine) for eeciently supporting both and-parallel and or-parallel execution of logic programs on shared-memory multiprocessors. Our approach for exploiting both and-and or-parallelism is based on the binding-arrays method for or-parallelism and the RAP (Restricted And-Parallelism) method for and-parallelism, two successful methods for implementing or-parallelism and and-parallelism respectively. Our combined and-or model avoids redundant computations when goals exhibit both and-and or-parallelism, by representing the crossproduct of the solutions from the and-or parallel goals rather than re-computing them. We extend the classical and-or tree with two new nodes: a `sequen-tial' node (for RAP's sequential goals), and a `crossproduct' node (for the crossproduct of solutions from and-or-parallel goals). The paper also presents an extension of the WAM, called AO-WAM, which is used to compile logic programs for and-or parallel execution based on the extended and-or tree. The AO-WAM incorporates a number of novel features: (i) inclusion of a base array with each processor's binding-array for constant-time access to variables in the presence of and-parallelism; (ii) inclusion of new stack frames and instructions to express solution sharing, (iii) novel optimizations which minimize the cost of binding-array updates in the presence of and-parallelism.


Two examples of spectral triples with non-integer dimension spectrum are considered. These triples involve commutative C*-algebras. The first example has complex dimension spectrum and trivial differential algebra. The other is a parameter dependent deformation of the canonical spectral triple over S1. Its dimension spectrum includes real non-integer values. It has a non-trivial differential algebra and in contrast with the one dimensional case there are no junk forms for a non-vanishing deformation parameter. The distance on this space depends non-trivially on this parameter.


Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB2 9SB

Triglycerides extracted from perinephric, omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue of six female red deer and of two male and one female reindeer were analysed for the composition and intramolecular disposition of their component fatty acids.

In their overall fatty acid composition, the triglycerides of normal and pregnant red deer were similar and resembled those of domesticated ruminants; trans-unsaturated acids were present and the perinephric triglycerides contained a relatively high proportion of stearic acid compared with triglycerides from other bodily sites. The triglycerides from corresponding adipose tissue of lactating hinds contained much less stearic acid and relatively more myristic, palmitic and palmitoleic acids, suggesting that fatty acids of exogenous origin were not being deposited because they were in demand for milk fat synthesis.

The adipose tissue triglycerides of the reindeer were unusual in that they were, apparently, mainly of endogenous origin and showed a notable resemblance to the triglycerides of lambs reared on a virtually lipid-free diet. This was reflected in a comparatively low content of stearic acid in the perinephric triglycerides, and the absence of trans-unsaturated acids from all the triglycerides. Analysis of the principal feed ('reindeer moss', Cladonia) showed that, compared with normal herbage, it is a very poor source of exogenous fatty acids.

Regardless of their fatty acid composition, the intramolecular structure of the triglycerides of the red deer and the reindeer conformed to the general distribution pattern common to most animals. Stearic acid was, for the most part, esterified to the primary alcoholic groups of the glycerol moiety (positions 1 and 3), as was palmitic acid, except when it was present in lower overall proportion than stearic acid. Unsaturated acids and the medium-chain acid, myristic acid, were mainly esterified to the secondary alcohol group (position 2).


We have analyzed the spectral density of fluctuations of the energy flux through a mesoscopic constriction between two equilibrium reservoirs. It is shown that at finite frequencies, the fluctuating energy flux is not related to the thermal conductance of the constriction by the standard fluctuation-dissipation theorem, but contains additional noise. The main physical consequence of this extra noise is that the fluctuations do not vanish at zero temperature together with the vanishing thermal conductance.


The conversion of CO to CO2 in the presence of V2O5 dissolved in a melt containing K2O and other alkali metal oxides was investigated in the temperature range 440 to 640 °C.The results indicate that CO may be oxidized to CO2 with a high overall reaction efficiency in a system of reactors connected in series. Molten salt solutions have the advantage, over solid "catalysts" in that they operate without being poisoned. The oxidizing capacity of these solutions is limited only by the depletion of V2O5 in the melts due to reaction and by the presence of large amounts of insoluble V2O4 solid which is a reaction product. The melts may be reactivated by treatment with oxygen.


In her introduction, th e au thor says "Dare one say (croirait-on) th a t certain loose statem ents in arithm etic which are to lerated in the prim ary school persist and lead to m istakes in all la ter secondary courses and even a t the U niversity?" . One m ay well say so, and th a t is the reason for th is book. The au thor advises, no t th a t the m athem atical structures she discusses shall be explicitly tau g h t to children, bu t th a t they shall be in the background of the teacher's knowledge, and th a t every oppor tu n ity should be taken to tra in the child to th ink logically and w ith understanding in a way th a t will no t have to be un learn t la ter on. "The first chapters of higher m athem atics teach, in abstract form, precisely those things which the kindergarten m istress has to bring to the notice of her pupils in order to teach them to th in k ." F or th is reason such a book as this should be required reading for everyone introducing children to "num ber" . H . M a r t y n Cundy


ABSTRACT The study makes use of the photo-hosting site, namely Flickr, for students to upload screenshots to demonstrate computer software problems and troubleshooting software. By creating non-text stickers and text-based annotations above the screenshots, students are able to help one another to diagnose and solve problems with greater certainty. In addition to applying the technology acceptance model, three factors from the user resistance perspective, namely, user resistance, peer opinion, and self-efficacy for change, were chosen as the basis for the research model. Based on data collected from 399 students, the results indicated that students' resistance had a negative and direct effect on their behavioral intention. Both peer opinions and students' self-efficacy for change had negative and direct effects on their resistance, which positively and indirectly influenced behavioral intention. User resistance could be significantly improved by promoting positive peer opinions or enhancing students' self-efficacy for change.


Proximal gastrectomy (PG) offers a well‐preserved digestive function after surgery, which may result in a better nutritional outcome in comparison to total gastrectomy (TG). The aim of this study was to clarify the advantage of PG over TG by evaluating the longitudinal changes in body weight (BW) and body composition after surgery.


We consider the eigenvalue problem for the 1‐Laplace operator and the corresponding variational problem. Since the underlying functionals are not differentiable, the derivation of the Euler‐Lagrange equation is highly nontrivial and involves methods of nonsmooth analysis. A remarkable fact is, that there are infinitely many functions f for which the equation –div z = f has to be satisfied. The purpose of the present work is the investigation of this equation. We show that in a square 2‐dimensional domain for each right hand side f there are infinitely many vector fields z satisfying the Euler‐Lagrange equation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


According to Rainer Forst, a critical theory of power must break with the tendency of political theorists to conceive of power in opposition to normativity. Appropriately, Forst proposes a noumenal definition according to which power is normative: It works through recognition of reasons and is thereby open to critical assessment. In this discussion note, I first clarify the normativity of power in Forst's noumenal theory by means of Donald Davidson's theory of action and then explain how theory of action leads to a different understanding of force and violence from Forst's noumenal theory. In doing this, I find reason to endorse a non-normative definition of power on the lines proposed by Robert Dahl and endorsed by most authors in analytical political theory. This definition nevertheless remains faithful to Forst's methodological guideline that a theory of power must keep in view the relations between power and normativity.


KINESIOLOGY, 2011, 13(1): 83-90. The Effects of Correction Exercise on Hip joint angle, Q angle, and the Distance between Knees of Genu Varum Patients. [INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of correction exercise on genu varum patients' hip joint angle, Q angle and distance between the knees. [METHOD] 20 person who have a lower limbs' malalignment, genu varum, were participated in this research. Among them 8 were assigned in experimental group and the others were assigned in comparison group. Stretching exercise, bend exercise and sling exercise were applied to the experimental group for 12 weeks. For the statistical analysis 2-way ANOVA repeated measures was used. [RESULT] The correction exercise which were composed of bend exercise, sling exercise and stretching applied to the genu varum patients brings over significantly positive effects on hip joint angle, Q angle, and space between the knees. [CONCLUSION] The lower limbs' deformation caused by muscle imbalance, not by structural problem, can be recovered to the normal by con-tinuous correction exercise.


Neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are being widely documented. However, movement disorders in the setting of 2019 coronavirus infectious disease (COVID‐19) have been a strikingly less discussed topic.


: Larval and pupal developments of the malaria mosquito,Ano-Pheles stophensi, reared on two different kinds ef artificial diets were compared. we conclude for and does not start from a-linolenic acid stophensi


The right to health requires the full integration of TRIPs Agreement flexibilities in pharmaceutical trade policies and the avoidance of TRIPsplus standards to safeguard access to medicines nationally. The article argues that a human rights impact assessment, and specifically a right to health impact assessment, may resolve beforehand the adverse impacts of pharmaceutical trade policies on access to medicines in Kenya. However, Kenya, as in many other developing countries, has not yet embraced the HRIA tool in its trade policy processes even though the theory and methodology of HRIA or RHIA exist. The key finding of the article is that many trade policy makers in Kenya are not adequately prepared in terms of their knowledge and attitude to implement the HRIA or RHIA as a routine process in trade.


W hen tumor necrosis factor (TNF) appeared on the cover of Time magazine in the mid-1980s, there were great hopes for this compound, which had dramatically shrunk tumors in mice. Those hopes evaporated when preclinical and phase I trials revealed profound side effects, such as life-threatening drops in blood pressure and liver toxicity. But now TNF is making a comeback thanks to recent advances in nanotechnology. Steven Libutti, M.D., of Montefi ore – Einstein Center for Cancer Care in New York showed in a phase I clinical trial that high doses of TNF linked to gold nanoparticles could be safely given to 30 patients with various advanced solid tumors. In fact, the dose escalation trial never found a dose-limiting toxicity for the reformulated TNF, even at what previously was considered a lethal dose. "We have mitigated the toxicity of a promising agent that for a long time was dismissed because it was too dangerous to give to patients," Libutti said. Plans are now under way for a phase II study of the gold-bound TNF in combination with a standard cytotoxic drug. TNF is just one of several older toxic anticancer compounds, long ago shelved or little used, that researchers are now giving a second look. Driving this trend are second-generation nanotechnology products designed to deliver more potent but less toxic drugs to tumors. "Big pharma produces tens of thousands of new chemical entities by medicinal chemistry, but the majority of those have to be disqualifi ed due to insolubility, toxicity, or so forth," said Scott McNeil, Ph.D., director of the National Cancer Institute's Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, speaking at a recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) workshop on nanotechnology and cancer. "Nanotechnology might be able to resurrect some of those drugs, because we can truly engineer properties into and out of those formulations." Others, however, question whether cancer nanodrugs will truly be safer. The long-term effects of most new nanodrugs are not known, and with their unique features, the current battery of toxicology tests may not be suffi cient to fully assess their safety, these experts say.


CT plays an important role in the diagnosis of acute stroke patients. Dynamic contrast enhanced CT (DCE-CT) can estimate local tissue perfusion and extent of ischemia. However, hemodynamic information of the large intracranial vessels may also be obtained from DCE-CT data and may contain valuable diagnostic information. We describe a novel method to estimate intravascular blood velocity (IBV) in large cerebral vessels using DCE-CT data, which may be useful to help predict stroke outcome. DCE-CT scans from 34 patients with isolated M1 occlusions were included from a large prospective multi-center cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Gaussians fitted to the intravascular data yielded the time-to-peak (TTP) and cerebral-blood-volume (CBV). IBV was computed by taking the inverse of the TTP gradient magnitude. Voxels with a CBV of at least 10% of the CBV found in the arterial input function were considered part of a vessel. Mid-sagittal planes were drawn manually and averages of the IBV over all vessel-voxels (arterial and venous) were computed for each hemisphere. Mean-hemisphere IBV differences, mean-hemisphere TTP differences, and hemisphere vessel volume differences were used to differentiate between patients with good and bad outcome (modified Rankin Scale score <3 versus ≥3 at 90 days) using ROC analysis. AUCs from the ROC for IBV, TTP, and vessel volume were 0.80, 0.67 and 0.62 respectively. In conclusion, IBV was found to be a better predictor of patient outcome than the parameters used to compute it and may be a promising new parameter for stroke outcome prediction.


Abstract : Investigation of steady and unsteady flowfields over airfoils is an active area of current computational and experimental research. In this study, the compressible, viscous, flow over a single and multi-element airfoil is numerically simulated by solving the Navier Stokes equations. The motivation for this work includes interest in studying the effects of a stationary/flapping airfoil combination in tandem configuration. A single-block Navier-Stokes (NS) solver is employed to compute unsteady flowfields. Turbulence is treated using the Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model. A single C-grid is generated and it is partially distorted to simulate the flapping motion. Numerical solutions are obtained for flows at a fixed angle of attack and for unsteady flows over flapping airfoils. The numerical solutions agree well with the experimental data The difficulties faced during the study are discussed and future improvements are suggested.


for an Invited Paper for the APR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Measurement of two-halo neutron transfer p(11Li,9Li)t reaction at 3A MeV ISAO TANIHATA, Osaka University The p(11Li,9Li)t reaction has been studied for an incident 11Li energy of ∼3*A MeV delivered from the new ISAC-2 facility at TRIUMF. The experiment was undertaken using MAYA, an active target detector. Angular distibutions for the centre of mass system have been determined for scattering angles from 20 to 160 degrees, and for transtions to the 9Li(3/2−) ground state and the first excited state 9Li(1/2−:2.69 MeV). Coupled channel calculations using different model 11Li wave functions, indicates that functions that take account of the strong correlations between the outer neutrons are the most sucessful in reproducing the observed differential cross sections.


The heats of hydrolysis of N-trimethylborazole, borazole, B-trichloro-N-trimethylborazole, and B-trichloroborazole in water at 25° have been measured. The standard heats of formation are –231·9, –204·9, –263·5, and –256·3 kcal./mole, respectively, and the boron–nitrogen bond energy terms are 124·1, 117·9, 108·5, and 104·8 kcal./mole, respectively.


Copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) is a candidate as a transparent solid p-type conductor for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications, such as solar cells. We calculate the band structure, bonding characteristics, and basic native defect configurations of hexagonal β-CuSCN. β-CuSCN is predicted to be an indirect-gap semiconductor with an unusual orbital character: although the highest valence bands have the expected character of Cu 3d levels hybridized with S 3p states, the conduction band minimum (at the K point of the hexagonal Brillouin zone) has mostly cyanide antibonding character. This quasi-molecular character results in some unusual properties, including that the electron effective masses are comparable to or even larger than the hole effective masses. Calculated results match well with the valence band spectrum of thin film CuSCN, although optical absorption measurements do not conclusively confirm the predicted indirect nature of the lowest transitions. The dominant p-type character of this materia...


The purpose of this study is to investigate problems that exist in the English education program for elementary school teachers, and is to assess teachers' overall ability to teach English effectively and teachers' attitudes toward teaching English classes. This also is to identify the general level of teaching cognition among elementary school teachers in the English teacher education program. A questionnaire was administered to 115 elementary school teachers who had participated in the English language program. An analysis of the results strongly suggests the following. Firstly, the English education program for elementary teachers requires a new textbook and the initiation of a remedial program. Secondly, the English education program needs to be intensified to improve teachers' command of productive teaching skills. Thirdly, the kinds of class materials used should be adapted to better suit the needs of students in elementary school English classes. Finally, the English education program should incorporate volunteer teachers to help guard against learning deficiency that results from a disproportionate student to teacher ratio.


On the basis of two case reports it is suggested that serious convulsions may occur in patients treated with flucoazole when serum trough concentrations exceed 80 &mgr;g/mL. The authors recommend monitoring fluconazole concentrations during high-dose therapy in patients with poor kidney function.


To the Editor.— I want to expand on the excellent review of asthma and pregnancy by Weinstein et al (241: 1161, 1979). They state that there are no data reporting the placental transfer of theophylline. We have recently reported two cases in which notable theophylline concentrations were present in the sera of neonates born to mothers receiving theophylline therapy up to the time of delivery. 1 Concentrations of theophylline declined slowly in the serum of these two neonates, with half-lives of 15.0 and 10.6 hours, respectively. Although no signs of serious toxic reaction were observed in the neonates, slight tachycardia and jitteriness were noted. An earlier report by Yeh and Pildes 2 described a similar case of theophylline-placental transfer in which tachycardia, vomiting, and jitteriness occurred in one neonate. Thus, theophylline may cross the placenta, and neonates born to mothers receiving theophylline therapy should be monitored for the pharmacologic actions


This paper attempts to examine the growth of number of sick units and to highlight the reasons for sickness in MSME sector in India. For this purpose the necessary data required for the study have been collected from Fourth All India Census of MSME, Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government of India. The results of the study show that the number of sick units in MSME sector has declined from 1.77 lakh in 2001-02 to 0.90 lakh in 2010-11. The percentage of sick units in total MSMEs has also declined to 0.29% in 2010-11 from 1.68% in 2001-02. Lack of demand for the product and shortage of working capital are the main reasons for the sickness in MSMEs.


The Glasgow Media Group, through a combi nation of media watching and group interviews, has confirmed the importance of media represen tations of mental illness, with its finding that negative images can outweigh even an individ ual's direct experiences in this area (Philo. 1996). In one recent summary, Philo concludes: "the results show clearly that ill-informed beliefs on, for example, the association of schizophrenia with violence can be traced directly to media accounts" (Philo, 1997). The origins and strength


The present study was undertaken to examine analgesic properties in the leaves by ethanol extracts in mice. The analgesic effect of ethanol extracts was evaluated by 'Tail flick method' and 'acetic acid-induced writhing test' in mice by using Ibuprofen (30 mg/kg) as reference drugs. Gmelina arborea Leaves ehanol extract possess analgesic activity, but here we also used Combretum indicum Leaves extract to check the extent of the difference in activity. In the tail flick method with ethanol extracts of Gmelina arborea Leaves (400 mg/kg), the basal reaction time was increased significantly (p<0.01) and the percentage increase in the threshold to pain was also significant as compared to standard & Combretum indicum Leaves extract. The ethanol extract of Gmelina arborea Leaves (400 mg/kg) possessed significant analgesic activity, as in acetic acid-induced writhing test, the writhing count was reduced significantly (p<0.01) compared to standard and Combretum indicum Leaves ethanol extracts. C.N.Ramesh* 1 , M.Balakrishnan 2 , K.B.Chandra Sekhar 3 *1Department of Pharmacology, Seshachala College of Pharmacy, Puttur, A.P, India, 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Seshachala College of Pharmacy, Puttur, A.P, India, 3Department of Chemistry, JNTUA – OTPRI, Anantapur, A.P, India. Submission: 5 June 2016 Accepted: 10 June 2016 Published: 25 June 2016 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: C.N.Ramesh et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 223-229. 224 INTRODUCTION Pain is an unpleasant sensation localized to a part of the body. It is both sensation and emotion. Pain usually occurs when peripheral nociceptors are stimulated in response to tissue injury, visceral distension, or other factors. In such situation, pain perception is a normal physiologic response mediated by the healthy nervous system (1) . Due to having adverse side effects, like gastric lesions, caused by NSAIDs and tolerance and dependence induced by opiates, the use of these drugs as analgesic agents have not been successful in all the cases. Therefore, analgesic drugs lacking those effects are being searched all over the world as alternatives to NSAIDs and opiates. During this process, the investigation of the efficacy of plant-based drugs used in the traditional medicine has been paid great attention because they are cheap, have little side effects and according to WHO still about 80% of the world population rely mainly on plant-based drugs (2) . The exploration of medicinal properties of plants throughout the ages was accomplished principally through careful observation, trial and error, and accidental discovery, which are beneficial from nutritive and medicinal standpoints. Most of such indigenous knowledge was handed down, through the ages, by at first orally and later in written form as papyri, baked clay tablets, parchments, manuscripts, herbal, and finally printed herbals, pharmacopeias and other works (3),(4) . Like the other medicinal plants, Gmelina arborea & Combretum indicum is full of different constituents which are used for different treatment purpose by the human beings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals Healthy adult albino mice of Wistar strain weighing 20-60g were used for this study. The animals were placed randomly and allocated to treatment groups in polypropylene cages with paddy husk as bedding. Animals were housed at a temperature of 24±2oC and relative humidity of 30-70%. A 12:12 light: day cycle was followed. All the animals were allowed for free access to water and fed with standard commercial pelleted mice chow (M/S Hindustan Lever Ltd. Mumbai). www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: C.N.Ramesh et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 223-229. 225 The plant material Plant material leaves of Gmelina arborea & Combretum indicum respectively were collected from the medicinal garden of Seshachala College of Pharmacy, Puttur. The authenticated samples were used for the preparation of extract. They were put in shied drying then crushed to produce powdered material. Preparation of extract Dried and powdered leaves of Gmelina arborea & Combretum indicum were extracted by using ethanol in soxhlet apparatus. The total extract obtained was dried at 60°C on steam bath followed by a vacuum oven (50°C) to obtain dried extracts. The extractive Value was calculated as % w/w yield and was found to be 6.63% & 5.12%. PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION Tail Flick Method The tail flick test was used with modification described by Dambisya and Lee (5) . The extract was administered orally at two doses of Gmelina arborea & Combretum indicum (200 and 400mg/kg body weight) using Ibuprofen as standard. The post drug reaction time was measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes later. The tail of the mouse was immersed to a constant level (3cm) in a water bath maintained at 55°C. The time to flick the tail from water (reaction time) was recorded. A maximum immersion time of 10 seconds was maintained to prevent thermal injury to the animals. Acetic acid induced writhing test The acetic acid induced writhing method is an analgesic behavioral observation assessment method that demonstrates a noxious stimulation in mice (6) . The animals were divided into four groups, each of which containing 6 mice. Group-1: Control group, Group-2: Mice administered with Ibuprofen, Group-3: Mice administered with Gmelina arborea (200mg/kg), Group-4: Mice administered with Gmelina arborea (400mg/kg), Group-5: Mice administered with Combretum indicum (200mg/kg) & www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: C.N.Ramesh et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 223-229. 226 Group-6: Mice administered with Combretum indicum (400mg/kg). The control and the leaf extract were given orally by means of feeding needle. A thirty minutes interval was given to ensure proper absorption of the administered substances. Then the writhing inducing chemical, acetic acid solution (0.7%) was administered intraperitonally to each of the animals of a group. After an interval of fifteen minutes, this was given for absorption and no writhing was counted for 5 minutes. Then every mouse of all groups was observed carefully to count the number of writhing which made within 15 minutes. The percentage inhibition of writhing by an analgesic is calculated according to the following formula-: Average withers in control group Average withers in treated group ×100 % Inhibition = Average withers in control group Statistical Analysis Data obtained from pharmacological experiments was expressed as Mean ± SD. Difference between the control and the treatments in these experiments were tested for significance using ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. Values of P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Radiant heat tail-flick method In radiant heat tail-flick test the crude extract produced 40.74% (p<0.001) and 61.48% (p<0.001) elongation of tail flicking time 30 minutes after oral doses of 200 and 400mg/kg body weight respectively. After 60 minutes the extract showed 31.29% (p<0.001) and 41.37% (p<0.001) elongation of tail flicking time (table – 1). www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: C.N.Ramesh et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 223-229. 227 Table 1: Effect of Crude extract on tail-flick method Group Treatment Basic Reaction time in sec. Dose reaction time (sec) 15min 30 min 60 min 120min I Control(0.5 1ml/kg 5.21±0.18 5.40±0.06 5.77±0.08 5.88±0.08 5.35±0.13 % CMC) II Ibuprofen 30mg/kg 6.42±0.12 9.17±0.10* 12.59±0.09** 15.61±0.11** 19.36±0.26** III Gmelina arborea 200mg/kg 5.12±0.06 6.67±0.06* 8.18±0.07* 9.33±0.10* 11.76±0.14** IV Gmelina arborea 400mg/kg 6.30±0.09 7.37±0.06* 9.57±0.06* 11.30±0.08** 14.50±0.13** V Combretum indicum 200mg/kg 5.69±0.03 6.99±0.08 8.91±0.06* 10.52±0.12* 12.46±0.10** VI Combretum indicum 400mg/kg 6.80±0.08 8.18±0.11* 10.72±0.09* 11.90±0.11** 15.32±0.09** Values are expressed as Mean ± SEM, n=6, Data analyzed by One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnette's test * * P < 0.01, * P < 0.05, Acetic acid induced writhing test In the acetic acid induced writhing test the extract of F. recemosa (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) showed a significant (p<0.001) reduction in the number of writhes with 48.17 % and 59.85 % of inhibition, as compare to J. sambac (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight no. of writhes with 45.54% and 55.88% respectively (table – 2). www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: C.N.Ramesh et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 223-229. 228 Table-2: Effects of crude extract on acetic acid induced writhing response in mice Group Treatment Dose Writhing % Inhibition I Solvent control 21.42±1.34 II Ibuprofen 30mg/kg 7.92±0.40** 64.72 III Gmelina arborea 200mg/kg 11.62±0.70** 45.54 IV Gmelina arborea 400mg/kg 9.45±0.60** 55.88 V Combretum indicum 200mg/kg 11.10±0.80** 48.17 VI Combretum indicum 400mg/kg 8.60±0.60** 59.85 Values are expressed as Mean ± SEM, n=6, Data analyzed by One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnette's test * * P < 0.01, * P < 0.05. DISCUSSION In the acetic acid induced writhing test the extract of Gmelina arborea (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) showed a significant (p<0.001) reduction in the number of writhes with 48.17% and 59.85% of inhibition, as compare to Combretum indicum (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) no. of writhes with 45.54%and 55.88% respectively (table 2). In Tail flick test the Gmelina arborea extract produced 32.34% (p<0.001) and 36.72% (p<0.001) elongation of tail flicking time 30 minutes after oral doses of (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and Combretum indicum extract produced 27.75% and 35.16 (p<0.001) respectively (table 3). After 60 minutes the Gmelina arborea extract showed 41.93% (p<0.001) and 48.31% (p<0.001) elongation of tail flicking time and Combretum indicum produced 40.24% & and 44.24% (p<0.001) (table 1). The constriction response of abdomen produced by acetic acid is a sensitive procedure for www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: C.N.Ramesh et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 223-229. 229 peripheral analgesic agents. This response is believed to be mediated by the prostag


Shallow-water hydrothermal vents share many characteristics with their deep-sea analogs. However, despite ease of access, much less is known about the dynamics of these systems. Here, we report on the spatial and
temporal chemical variability of a shallow-water vent system at Paleochori Bay, Milos Island, Greece, and on the bacterial and archaeal diversity of associated sandy sediments. Our multi-analyte voltammetric profiles of dissolved O2 and hydrothermal tracers (e.g. Fe2+, FeSaq, Mn2+) on sediment cores taken along a transect in hydrothermally affected sediments indicate three different areas: the central vent area (highest temperature) with a deeper penetration of oxygen into the sediment, and a lack of dissolved Fe2+ and Mn2+; a middle area (0.5
m away) rich in dissolved Fe2+ and Mn2+ (exceeding 2 mM) and high free sulfide with potential for microbial sulfide oxidation as suggested by the presence of white mats at the sediment surface; and, finally, an outer rim
area (1-1.5 m away) with lower concentrations of Fe2+ and Mn2+ and higher signals of FeSaq, indicating an aged hydrothermal fluid contribution. In addition, high-frequency temperature series and continuous in situ H2S
measurements with voltammetric sensors over a 6-day time period at a distance 0.5 m away from the vent center showed substantial temporal variability in temperature (32 to 46 oC ) and total sulfide (488 to 1329 �M) in the upper sediment layer. Analysis of these data suggests that tides, winds, and abrupt geodynamic events generate intermittent mixing conditions lasting for several hours to days. Despite substantial variability, the concentration of sulfide available for chemoautotrophic microbes remained high. These findings are consistent with the predominance of Epsilonproteobacteria in the hydrothermally influenced sediments Diversity and metagenomic analyses on sediments and biofilm collected along a transect from the center to the outer rim of the vent provide
further insights on the metabolic activities and the environmental factors shaping these microbial communities. Both bacterial and archaeal diversity changed along the transect as well as with sediment depth, in line with the
geochemical measurements. Beside the fact that it harbors an unexpected diversity of yet undescribed bacteria and archaea, this site is also a relevant model to investigate the link between ecological and abiotic dynamics in such
instable hydrothermal environments. Our results provide evidence for the importance of transient geodynamic and hydrodynamic events in the dynamics and distribution of chemoautotrophic communities in the hydrothermally influenced sediments of Paleochori Bay.


Using GIS and such models as dynamic degree model,spatial differences model,change of land use degree model,analyzed the land use spatio-temporal changes in Yuyang during 1988 and 2001.Moreover,we at large analysed the driving force of land use change.The conclusions were drawn as follows:(1) During 1988 and 2001,land use changed observably.Forest land,garden land,farmland,rural residential land and city and town land,traffic land increased.Meantime,unused land,grassland and waters land decreased.The synthetic dynamic degree of land use in Yuyang per year is 0.45%,which was larger than Yulin City.(2) The spatial differences of land-use change in Yuyang is obvious.(3) The change ratio of land use degree showed that in the last 13 years the land use type was during regulation.(4) In the during of land use in Yuyang,the effects of natural factors are low.Among the driving factors,the social-economic factors,such as the population,gross production value of industry,the quantity of villages and towns corporation,urbanization level,are dominant.


This paper deals with the method of the characteristic analysis of the capacitor-run single-phase induction motor has two poles (4-pole and 2-pole). This motor, which is called pole change motor in this paper, is capable of variable speed operation without inverters or drives. However, speed-torque curve can be distorted by the harmonic components contained in the magnetic flux density distribution. Therefore, the characteristics of this motor are analyzed using equivalent circuit considering harmonic components and the simulation results are compared with the experimental results.


The reason of the instability of bilateral teleoperation under time delay is analyzed. To guarantee the system stabilization,a control strategy is proposed based on Smith predictor controller and environment parameter online identification. Aiming at parameter identification in contacting operation,a parameter identification method is given combined with drawing spring experiments. The stability of control strategy and transparency of the teleoperation system are simulated. Finally,the drawing spring experiment is tested with time delay,and the validity of the control strategy is proved by the results.


The water glass can inhibit silicate as inhibitors in mineral processing of phosphate ore.The main composition of water glass should have influence on inhibit efficiency.This article is based on the important action of water glass which has the process of acidification and constant volume with adopting different sampling way,and then the rapid determination method of ICP-AES has been applied to detect the content and modulus of some elements in water glass such as sodium,potassium,silicon,iron and aluminium and so on.This way has strong anti-interference ability,wide linear range,high-precision,accuracy and other characteristics.In the choices of method,the conditions of analysis are optimized,such as the incidence wavelength,atomization pressure,incedence power,lifting capacity and so on.The detection limit of this way is 0.002 4 μg/mL to 0.38 μg/mL and its relative standard deviation value is 0.48% to 0.80%,which is applicable to the element analysis of water glass.


Weak segregation of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers (PS-b-PMMA BCPs) limits their utility for sub-10 nm lithography. Such limits could be overcome by including ionic liquids (ILs) as additives, which conveniently enhance the demixing between PS and PMMA blocks. Herein, we studied the distribution and interaction evolution of the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (HMHF) in PS-b-PMMA BCPs. The segmental dynamics of the rigid, intermediate, and mobile molecular components in PS-b-PMMA/HMHF was characterized by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the results suggested a selective interaction between PMMA and HMHF. The surface energies and interfacial behaviors of the polymer/HMHF mixtures indicated that HMHF was distributed underneath the PMMA surface during heat treatment. Because of this distribution, disordered PS-b-PMMA with HMHF added formed perpendicular sub-10 nm features through thermal annealing. In addition, the effective i...


A process is disclosed for preparing aqueous solutions of poly(N-vinyl- epsilon -caprolactam) by polymerising poly(N-vinyl- epsilon -caprolactam) in an aqueous medium in the presence of polymerisation initiators and 0.1 to 20 % by weight, in relation to the monomers used, of a water-soluble, polymer protective colloid. The thus obtained aqueous polymer solutions are useful as textile printing glues, raw materials for glues, lubricant additives, vehicles for cosmetic compositions, additives for washing products and as opacifiers in automatic shading systems.


━━ Background. Crizotinib is useful for the treatment of lung cancer in patients who are positive for the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 ( EML4 )-anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) fusion gene. How-ever, when used therapeutically, this drug can have adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Case. The patient was a 46-year-old female who was found to have a mass in the intermediate bronchus that formed a single bloc with the mediastinal lymph nodes (#7, #8) and atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes on thoracic computed tomography (CT). She was subsequently diagnosed with cT4N3M1b stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. A partial response (PR) was achieved after four courses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The cancer subsequently recurred in the form of cervical and abdominal lymph node, lung, liver and bone metastases. Histopathol-ogy subsequently showed that the patient was positive for the ALK fusion gene. Odynophagia and retrosternal pain appeared on day 10 after the start of crizotinib therapy, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed on day 15 of treatment revealed esophagitis. A temporary drug holiday from crizotinib was thus implemented. Treatment with crizotinib was resumed on day 36 of therapy after the esophagitis improved; however, it was subsequently discontinued when the esophagitis reappeared on day 49. The esophagitis eventually improved by day 57 of treatment. Conclusions. We herein described the case of a patient with lung adenocarcinoma who developed crizotinib-induced esophagitis.


We give a direct link between covariant description of Dirac particles in the abstract framework of unitary representation of the Poincare group and description with the help of the Dirac equation. In this context we discuss the spin operator for a relativistic Dirac particle. We show also that the spin operator used in quantum field theory for spin s = 1/2 corresponds to the Foldy-Wouthuysen mean-spin operator. We hope that this formalism will be useful in the theory of relativistic quantum information.


Introduction: D-004, a lipid extract from royal palm (Roystonea regia) fruit made up of a reproducible mixture of fatty acids, mainly oleic, palmitic, lauric and myristic, has shown to prevent prostate hyperplasia (PH) induced by T in rodents. It acts through a multifactorial mechanism involving prostatic 5a-reductase inhibition, antagonism of a1-ADR-mediated responses, and antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. Objective: the paper is aimed at summarizing the partial results (18 months) of the long-term carcinogenicity study of D-004 in rats, which is set to conclude in the established 24-month period. Method: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats of both sexes were randomly distributed into four groups (50 rats/sex/group): one group as vehicle control and three treated with D-004 (500, 1 000 and 1 500 mg/kg, respectively). Treatments were administered by gastric intubation. This report presents the results obtained so far concerning body weight, clinical observations, mortality and frequency of appearance of tumors. Results: mortality rate is low: 8.3% in the treated groups and 9% among controls. No evidence was found of survival time reduction, and daily observations did not reveal any signs of toxicity attributable to the treatment. The time of appearance and the frequency of tumors in treated animals and controls were statistically similar in both sexes. Conclusions: administration of D-004 (5001 500 mg/kg) to rats during the first 18 months of the study did not show any evidence of early carcinogenicity or toxicity associated with the treatment.


Objective To evaluate the value of ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy for predicting the postoperative pulmonary function in patients with lung cancer. Methods Twenty-six patients with lung cancer, male 21 and female 5, aged from 44 to 86 ys, were recruited into the study. Before surgery, 21 patients underwent 99Tcm-DTPA aerosol ventilation and 99Tcm-macroaggregated albumin ( MAA ) perfusion scintigraphic imaging. The other five patients were studied with perfusion imaging only. Pulmonary function was measured as forced expiratory volume in the first second ( FEV1 ) at about one week before surgery for all patients, and at two months after surgery. The predicted postoperative FEV1 ( ppoFEVt ) was calculated by Neuhaus' formula based on the ventilation or perfusion function obtained from scintigraphy studies, and compared with the measured post surgery FEV1. Eighteen patients underwent the surgical resection successfully. The t-test and correlation analysis were used. Results The ppoFEV1 values of ventilation and perfusion were (1.347±0.539) Land (1.410±0.543) L, respectively (n=21, t =0.062, P>0. 05). Both the ppoFEV1 values of ventilation and perfusion showed no significant difference with the respective post-surgeryFEV1(n=13, (1.545 ±0.588) Lvs (1.45 ±0.521) L, t=0.092, P>0.05; n=18, (1.697±0. 546) L vs ( 1.457±0.488) L, t =0. 017, P >0.05, respectively). Both the ventilation ppoFEV1 (n =13) and perfusion ppoFEV1 (n = 13, n = 18) correlated well with the post-surgery FEV1 respectively (r =0. 950, 0. 937, 0. 922, all P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion Ventilation and perfusion imaging can predict the postoperative pulmonary function for patients with lung cancer, especially for those with borderline pulmonary function, thus useful for selection of suitable candidates for surgical resection.

Key words:
Lung neoplasms;  Surgery, operative;  Radionuclide imaging; Respiratory function tests;  Technetium;  DTPA


Abstract A growing body of contemporary American literature, "deindustrialization literature," most of it by writers who grew up after major plant closings, is set in former industrial areas, such as Detroit and Youngstown. These texts focus on the lives and perspectives of those who have inherited the physical, economic, and cultural landscapes of the rust belt. For these writers and their characters, the past is always an important part of the present. The deindustrialized landscape provides not only the setting but also significant plot elements, themes, and symbols through which these writers narrate stories about young adults wrestling with their identities, affiliations, and opportunities during a period of economic decline and social change. These narratives complicate the relationship between past and present through characters' observations of and interactions in the deindustrialized landscape. With a complex, ambivalent perspective, they suggest the possibility of revival for both communities and individuals. A novel and works of creative non-fiction by Youngstown's Christopher Barzak and the short stories of Detroit's Michael Zadoorian illustrate how representations of abandoned mills and decaying commercial and residential sites can reveal the complex and persistent significance of deindustrialization, decades after closings began, while also pointing toward a future that uses the past as a resource.


To develop quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of bone using an ultrashort echo time (UTE) gradient echo (GRE) sequence for signal acquisition and a bone‐specific effective transverse relaxation rate ( R2* ) to model water–fat MR signals for field mapping.


This study was carried out to evaluate the production indexes of the Mangalarga Marchador horse farms, in which horse's breeders were interviewed. The survey with 244 questions, where 262 variables were analyzed, of which 28 were used for the evaluation of productivity. The average number of births per farm/year throughout the Rio de Janeiro is 22.7 foals, which is equivalent to 42.5%, an average, of mares available for breeding. The birth rate is 94% throughout the Rio de Janeiro. More than 60% of stud farms have a mare's productivity index above 0.5, with the highest average for the Northwestern Fluminense mesoregion (0.70) and the lowest for the Central Fluminense mesoregion (0.52). The ratio between pregnant/donor recipients mares shows an average of 1.96 embryos conceived by donor, considering all farms in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The highest average was observed in the Northwestern mesoregion (2.20 embryos per donor) and the lowest in the Southern Fluminense mesoregion (1.72 embryos per donor). The artificial insemination using a stallion on the farm is greater than the use of natural mating, especially in the mesoregions where fertility rates in embryo transfer are higher. The productivity rate presented an average of 0.23 considering all farms in the State of Rio de Janeiro, and ranged from 0.20 to 0.26 in the Central and Northwestern Fluminense mesoregions, respectively. The Northwestern mesoregion presented the best average productivity index of the Mangalarga Marchador herd in the state of Rio de Janeiro.


Forming machine according to the present invention may detect the burr or at least at a high accuracy by the position detection of a plurality of tie bars. Specifically, the die-casting machine is fixed mold plate, moving the molded plate, a plurality of tie bars, the clamping for receiving the coupling and the split nut, the piston of the plurality of tie bars which can be turned off for the coupling part of the plurality of tie bars cylinder, a position sensor for detecting the position of the injection system, a piston which emits a for joint into the melt after completion of the clamping by the plurality of directional control valves, a plurality of clamping cylinders, which are connected to the plurality of the clamping cylinder and the injection by the injection system, depending on whether the amount of displacement of the piston of the plurality of tie bars which are detected by the position sensor to the completion of the injection from the beginning within the allowable range and a control device for detecting the occurrence of a burr. Molding machine, the mold fixing plate, moving the molded plate, tie bars, the coupling parts, the clamping cylinder, the injection system, the position sensor, a burr detector


The physical mechanism by which mechanical energy is delivered to and absorbed by the solar corona is discussed. A set of MHD equations for analyzing the slow evolution of the magnetic field and the fast time of Alfven waves is presented. Alfven wave dissipation is treated. It is shown that the slow motion of the feet of coronal arches leads to irregular magnetic fields and that Alfven waves propagating in the irregular magnetic structure are dissipated through filamentation of the wave packet that generates short scales necessary for efficient dissipation.


The utility model relates to a portable extension-type inflator and the device comprises an inflator top cap (1), an outer cylinder cap (2), an outer cylinder (3), a base (4), a pedal (5), a packing cup 1 (6), a nut 1 (7), a gasket 1 (8), an intermediate cylinder (9), an internal cylinder (10), an intermediate cylinder cap (11), a handle (12), a sealing ring (13), a gasket 2 (14), a nut 2 (15), a nut 3 (16), a gasket 3 (17), a nut 4 (18), a packing cup 2 (19) and a gasket 4 (20). The external cylinder cap (2) and the external cylinder (3), the external cylinder (3) and the base (4), and the intermediate cylinder (9) and the intermediate cylinder cap are connected by threads. The handle (12) is fixed on the upper face of the intermediate cylinder cap, the packing cup (19) is fixed on the upper end of the internal cylinder (10), diameter thereof is equal to inner diameter of the intermediate cylinder, the packing cup 1 (6) is fixed on the lower end, the diameter thereof is equal to the inner diameter of the external cylinder and each of the cylinders is hollow.


Abstract At the base of D-C boundary shale (Changshun Shale) most of the conodont species and the last tentaculite species became extinct. Comparison between the data of South China and West Germany reveals that the extinction was synchronous. At Honnetal most ammonoid and trilobite species also became extinct. The siderophile elements Ir, Au, Ni, Co and Cr are distinctly enriched at the base of Changshun Shale. The Changshun Shale represents a coastal stagnant environment. The stagnant condition might have been favorable in preserving the siderophile elements. The elemental ratios of Au/Ni, Co/Ni, Cr/Ni and Fe/Ni match those of meteorites and the Canadian Nicholson Lake impact crater melt. The boundary beds yield microtektites. Across the D-C boundary faunal change, regression and geochemical anomaly are quite distinct, presumably triggered by meteorite impact, but further study should be carried on for confirmation.


more than one-fifth of Israeli citizens are either Arabs or non-Zionist ultraorthodox Jews. A more interesting distortion in his analysis is his rather sketchy treatment of Gush Emunim—an ultra-nationalist religiously oriented movement of Greater Israel devotees. Elazar cites Kahane as the exception that proves the rule when it comes to the democratic and pluralist nature of Israeli political culture. But when he considers such threats to Israel's "constitutional legitimacy" "virtually unthinkable" (p. 200), he ignores the anti-state and fundamentally anti-democratic and anti-liberal ideological program of Gush Emunim. After a detailed interpretation of current Israeli politics as a recapitulation of the struggle between the Sadducees (Likud and Labor), Pharisees (ultra-orthodox), and Essenes (the Kibbutz movement), he fails even to mention the most dynamic and tragically consequential of all groups in first and second century Judea—the Zealots, most aptly identified today with Gush Emunim.


An experiment was conducted at K.R.C. College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, UAS Dharwad during Karif season 2004. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). There were twelve cultivars viz., Chandini, Bangalore, Raja, Dundi, Sarval, Co-1, No-9, Indira, Karnool, No-5, Co-2, and Gloden Red. Each cultivar replicated three times. Among twelve cultivars, cultivar Indira recorded the lowest Alternaria leaf spot index (2.37%) followed by Co-2 (3.06%) and Co-1 (6.49). The highest Alternaria leaf spot index was recorded in the cultivar Chandini (39.12%) followed by Raja (38.67). Cultivar Indira, Co-2 and Co-1 can be used as a resistant source.


The utility model discloses a special welding machine for H section iron columns, including roll frames, a shifting station and a form board, each roll frame is provided with a roller capable of rotating by 360 DEG on the roll frame, the roller includes a roll cover and a roll main body, which cooperate with each other to form a mounting area for the H section iron, and the mounting area is provided with a fixed frame adapted to the H section iron to be welded; the shifting station is arranged on one end of the roll frame, and the form board adapted to a bottom plate to be welded is arranged on a push board of the shifting station; the centers of the rollers and the form board are arranged on an identical straight line. The utility model is an apparatus for specially turning over H section iron, and has advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high working efficiency, few operators, good safety, and non accidents.


The synthesis and comprehensive linear photophysical and nonlinear optical characterization of new diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, 2-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (1) and 2-(10-azidodecyl)-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (2), are reported. The nature of the main linear absorption bands of 1 and 2 was ascertained based on experimental excitation anisotropy spectra and quantum chemical calculations. Three-dimensional fluorescence maps, emission lifetimes, and photochemical decomposition quantum yields of the new derivatives were obtained in a number of organic solvents at room temperature. Two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra of 1 and 2 were measured over a broad spectral range using an open aperture Z-scan technique, revealing a maximum 2PA cross section of ∼100 GM. Transient absorption and stimulated emission pump–probe measurements with femtosecond time resolution revealed two different types of fast relaxations in the exc...


By analysing the essence of the intepretation system of ancient ruins,this paper proposes that the intepretation system of ancient ruins is an organic whole which is composed by the intepretation content,the intepretation medium and the intepretation audiences.Taking Gansu Dadiwan ruins as an example,this paper analyses its cultural value,the present situation of it 's travelling development and that of the intepretation system through on-the-spot investigation,and some suggestions of constructing intepretation system are given,which has operability and utility for other similar scenic areas.


Studies were conducted in greenhouse to investigate the control efficay of mixture of acetochlor and oxyfluorfen against Digitaria sanguinalis and Acalypha australis L.. Results showed that the mixture of acetochlor and oxyfluorfen at the ratio of 8~12∶1 or 18∶1 had obvious synergistic efficacy against the test weeds of Acalypha australis and Digitaria sanguinalis.


HfO2/SiO2 polarizer coatings for 1054 nm have been produced that have low stress at explicit environmental conditions without the employment of backside stress- compensation films. In this process hafnia is condensed from a metallic melt and silica from an oxide source, both via electron-beam evaporation. Specifically, this process has been adopted for multilayer designs with stringent requirements on spectral control and wavefront distortion. Efforts to meet these requirements have prompted various investigations of coating stress and spectral behavior, especially under changing environmental conditions. Results have shown that coating stress and optical thickness vary significantly with humidity. THese quantities have been measured under both ambient air and dry nitrogen atmospheres. The effects of coating parameters on stress and environmental stability have been examined for an experimental hafnia/silica polarizer coating. The aforementioned parameters are hafnia deposition rate, oxygen pressure during hafnia deposition, and oxygen pressure during silica deposition. Results indicate a strong correlation of coating stress to oxygen pressure during the silica evaporation. Data on the aging of stress in hafnia/silica coatings will also be presented. The HfO2/SiO2 process has ben utilized in high-laser-damage- threshold coatings for the OMEGA laser system and for National Ignition Facility development coatings at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics.


In this paper, a new type-Ⅱ Hybrid ARQ scheme based on RCPT codes and 揳lternate codeword retransmission and parity retransmission?(CPC) strategy is introduced to error control mechanism in data communications. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is an optimum solution to realize a reliable data transmission for both performances and complexity consideration.