Computer Architecture serves as an interface between technology trends and marketplace demands. Traditionally, a computer system is usually represented as consisting of five abstraction levels: hardware, firmware, assembler, operating system and applications [1]. My research questions this fundamental definition. Instead of viewing computer architecture as an interface, I aim at introducing a holistic view on computing that involves users, applications, as well as materials. Specifically, during my PhD, I have worked on architectural optimizations that consider new layers lying at two extreme ends of the current set of abstraction levels: systems, users, and materials.


The different models used in interpreting Azbel-Kaner cyclotron resonance measurements are shortly reviewed and adapted to provide a theory that can be used to determine the physical quantities, i.e. effective mass, mass spread, and relaxation time, by using them as parameters in that theory to fit calculated lineshapes to the lines obtained experimentally. It is shown that other existing models are limiting cases of this more general theory, and the applicability in various experimental cases is discussed.


Normal delivery is the process of fetal discharge and ari-ari in mothers with full-term pregnancy at the time of delivery, the mother needs special support in determining the position of labor because she has not had previous experience, especially in primigravida mothers. The choice of labor position is very important for the mother because the position can provide comfort and can facilitate the progress of labor. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of both variables, namely the position of labor and the length of labor. Observational analytical research method with post test approach with design two experiments, a sample of 26 people consisting of 2 groups, 13 people in squatting and standing position groups and 13 people sitting middle position and left tilt with accidental sampling techniques, research in RB Cahaya 2 Lubuk Pakam, data collection using partograph sheets, data results tested with Simple t test. The results showed that there was an influence of Maternity Position on the length of labor time during the active phase of Primigravida with a p-value 0,00. It is recommended to all mothers who give birth to be able to choose the right position so that labor can take place smoothly and it is also recommended to husbands and health workers to support the positions of mothers who will give birth.


Objective: To optimizate the separation conditions of oxymatrine by cation resin,in order to raise the yield rate of oxymatrine.Methods:Using single experiment to examine the separation conditions,such as kind of elution solvent,concentration of elution solution,pH value of ammonia for basifying cation resin,et al.which affecte the yield rate of oxymatrine.Using orthogonal experiment to optimizate the separation conditions.Results:The optimum elution solvent is ethanol.The optimal separation conditions are obtained as followed:Using equal mass of ammonia to basify the adsorbted cation resin,the pH value of ammonia is 12.5.Using 12 times mass of alcohol solution to elute the adsorbted cation resin,the concentration of ethanol solution is 70%.Conclusion:Using the optimal separation conditions,the yield rate of oxymatrine has increased from 3.83mg/g to 8.31mg/g,that han been raised 2.17 times as compared with the original one.


The effectiveness in TB treatment is difficult because the structural composition of the mycobacterial cell wall is very complicated, which makes many drugs ineffective. Tuberculosis is still one of the most imperative infectious disease worldwide becouse its important reason is drug resistant, persistent or latent tuberculosis and synergism with HIV. Furthermore no any new chemical entity has come. The recently application of modern drug design promise to bring significant development in the fight against TB. In present review we discussed brief introduction of tuberculosis.


Introduction : Primary care physicians are typically the first physicians who see patients with thrombocytopenia. There are currently no data to document which patients who present with isolated thrombocytopenia or immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are referred to hematologists. The published ASH Practice Guideline on ITP (Blood1996;88:3) does not address the issue of referral to a hematologist; the British Committee for Standards in Haematology Guideline on ITP (Brit J Haematol2003;120:574) only recommends referral of children with severe chronic ITP. The goal of this study was to determine the level of thrombocytopenia or the combination of thrombocytopenia and bleeding symptoms that prompt family physicians to send patients to hematologists for further evaluation and management. Our a priori assumption was that this level would be less than or equal to 30,000/μL, regardless of bleeding symptoms. Methods : A survey was conducted in collaboration with the Oklahoma Physicians Resource-Research Network (OKPRN). The mission of the OKPRN is to provide community physicians with access to information and research opportunities to enhance their practices and to generate new knowledge through practice-based research. OKPRN family physicians (N=127) were asked to complete a short eight-item questionnaire consisting of five patient vignettes with varying degrees of thrombocytopenia and bleeding symptoms. For each vignette, the physician was to decide when or if he/she would send the patient to a hematologist for further management using a four point likert scale. The response categories were 'very unlikely', 'unlikely', 'likely', and 'very likely'. The response scale was dichotomized (unlikely vs likely) to graphically display results across all five patient vignettes. Results : There was a 66% (84/127) response rate. Fifty-one percent (43/84) of the responders had been practicing family medicine between 6–20 years, 37% (31/84) for more than 20 years, and 12% (10/84) had been practicing between 1–5 years. Sixty-one percent (51/84) responded that there was a hematologist that they routinely called on the phone for advice and/or sent referrals, and 81% (68/84) practiced within 50 miles of a hematologist. Figure 1 shows as a patient's thrombocytopenia became more severe, the likelihood of referral to a hematologist increased. Seventy-five percent of the respondents surveyed were 'likely' to send a patient with moderate thrombocytopenia (platelet count 30,000/μL) without bleeding symptoms to a hematologist. The likelihood of referral increased to 85% when the moderate thrombocytopenia was associated with mild bleeding symptoms, and over 90% when a patient presented with severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count 10,000/μL) and bleeding symptoms. Conclusion : Results from the OKPRN survey documented that patients with isolated thrombocytopenia and a platelet count of 80,000/μL would infrequently be referred to a hematologist while patients with platelet counts of ≤30,000/μL would almost always be referred, especially if there were bleeding symptoms. Results from this survey validate assumptions that ITP patients with moderate to severe thrombocytopenia are managed by hematologists, not primary care physicians. These data are important to define the scope of practice of hematology.


As an extension of hesitant fuzzy set, the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set (PHFS) can more accurately express the initial decision information given by experts, thus the decision method based on PHFS is more true and reliable. In this paper, multi-attribute decision-making (MADM)method is proposed under probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environment, which is based the new distance measures of probabilistic hesitant fuzzy elements (PHFEs) and the COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) method. Firstly, the existing problems of some distances are analyzed and we propose some new distance measures including new Hamming distance, new Euclidean distance and new generalized distance under probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environment. Secondly, a maximizing deviation method based on the new Hamming distance measure is proposed to obtain the attribute weights in probabilistic hesitant fuzzy information. Then, the COPRAS method is extended to solve MADM problems under probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environment. Finally, compared other methods, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Introduction: The global prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to be 80 – 115 million and currently viremic infections account for 350,000 deaths annually. As the knowledge about HCV evolves, new anti-viral treatments have been developed. The primary goal of antiviral therapies has been to eradicate HCV virus from serum and achieve sustained virologic response (SVR). Historically, interferon has been a staple of nearly all HCV treatment regimens, despite significant toxic effects. Areas covered: In recent years, HCV treatment has changed rapidly and significantly. All-oral treatment regimens show promise for treatment with shorter duration and more manageable side effects. New antivirals aimed at improving SVR may provide a cure to nearly all HCV-infected patients. The unique combination of ABT-450 (paritaprevir) and ABT-267 (ombitasvir) provides highly effective treatment for patients with genotype 1 HCV. This review will examine the antiviral properties, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and side effects of these agents. Expert opinion: The combination of ABT-450/r and ABT-267 has improved potency, favorable side effect profile, and low risk of resistance compared to the first-generation protease inhibitors. This combination is likely to be a major part of novel upcoming HCV treatment regimens and is likely to be widely used by clinicians. Additional data is awaited in additional patient populations, and with possible shorter treatment durations.


The occurrence of Charybdis (Charybdis) hellerii (A. Milne Edwards) is reported for the first time from the west coast of India. A brief note on the morphological features
of the species is given.


Bragg reflectors based on (Ca,Sr)F2 and (Ga,Al)As are studied. Modeling and fabrication of these structures by molecular‐beam epitaxy were performed. Quarter‐wave Bragg reflectors were found to present an excellent reflectance around the wavelength of interest, 870 nm, for only three periods of bilayers. However, the structures grown exhibited cracks after epitaxy due to thermal stress between both materials. To alleviate this problem, other reflector geometries were investigated consisting of deviations from the classical Bragg reflector. The new geometries enable one to reduce the absolute or relative fluoride thickness within the structure. The results obtained show that the use of adequate geometries allows one to overcome the stress problem, and good heteroepitaxial reflectors with a crack‐free surface morphology were obtained.


The coals described in this paper come from one of the peripheral areas of the Cheremkhovsk deposit and are supplied to a semi-coking plant in Angarsk. The coals are weakly caking and are distinctive in their lower calorific value, higher sulphur content and clay mineral content. The paper evaluates the coals from the point of view of ecologically harmful components, notably fluorine, lead, arsenic and mercury.


Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution was conducted by the DRASTIC method in central Poland, in the Vistula River valley. The results of this study have shown that 68.18% of the study area has a low pollution potential and 31.2% has a medium pollution potential. Single-parameter and map removal sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the relative importance of the parameters for aquifer vulnerability. Both analyses showed that by far the most significant parameter of the DRASTIC vulnerability index in the study area is the depth to the water table. Although the water table in more than 90% of the study area is shallow, less than 3 m below ground level, the assessment shows that this does not lead to a high groundwater vulnerability.


For compress sensing technology applied in the field of information hiding,the traditional algorithm was based on the Gauss random matrix as a measurement matrix,and the transparency of the carrier density information and computing time remains to be further improved,using LDPC matrix as a measurement matrix to calculate,we finished secret information hiding. And through the experimental simulation and data calculation,the method is superior to the traditional on imperceptibility and computing time loss,at the same time,it has a certain robustness of the algorithm.


Understanding Ly$\alpha$ emitting galaxies (LAEs) can be a key to reveal cosmic reionization and galaxy formation in the early Universe. Based on halo merger trees and Ly$\alpha$ radiation transfer calculations, we model redshift evolution of LAEs and their observational properties at $z \ge 6$. We consider ionized bubbles associated with individual LAEs and IGM transmission of Ly$\alpha$ photons. We find that Ly$\alpha$ luminosity tightly correlates with halo mass and stellar mass, while the relation with star formation rate has a large dispersion. Comparing our models with the observed luminosity function by Konno et al., we suggest that LAEs at $z \sim 7$ have galactic wind of $V_{\rm out} \gtrsim 100~\rm km\, s^{-1}$ and HI column density of $N_{\rm HI} \gtrsim 10^{20}~\rm cm^{-2}$. Number density of bright LAEs rapidly decreases as redshift increases, due to both lower star formation rate and smaller HII bubbles. Our model predicts future wide deep surveys with next generation telescopes, such as JWST, E-ELT and TMT, can detect LAEs at $z \sim 10$ with a number density of $n_{\rm LAE} \sim {\rm a~few~} \times10^{-6} ~\rm Mpc^{-3}$ for the flux sensitivity of $10^{-18} ~\rm erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}$. By combining these surveys with future 21-cm observations, it could be possible to detect both LAEs with $L_{Ly\alpha} \gtrsim 10^{42}~\rm erg~s^{-1}$ and their associated giant HII bubbles with the size $\gtrsim 250 ~\rm kpc$ at $z \sim 10$.


CAN the democratic way be identified completely with compromise as a method of making social adjustments? In his writings Professor T. V. Smith of the University of Chicago has glorified the politician and has identified the latter's art with the method of compromise. In a recent article in the Saturday Review of Literature (April 12, 1947) Alan Valentine, president of the University of Rochester, presents a similar thesis. Mr. Valentine tells us that "the expert politician and the expert publicity man think in the same terms..... They are concerned .... with the arts of charging words and phrases with high emotional potentials, of turning a respectable word into an insult, of clothing an ordinary word in the raiment of popularity." If Machiavelli were alive today, he would recognize these "more refined procedures." By these means the politician not only gains his ends but also solves social problems with a minimum of force. When citizens disagree, there are but two solutions. "One is for the majority to force its full will upon a reluctant and perhaps powerful minority..... The other way is to compromise, and democracy is essentially a government by compromise. Politicians make compromise possible." The politician is a pragmatist and realist and gets things done. The statesman, by contrast, is an idealist who is inefficacious because, and precisely to the degree that, he stands firm and unswerving upon his ethical principles. A respectable tradition, from the time of the Federalist Papers to the present, is behind this view of democracy. It has the virtue of simplicity that all common-sense views share. The average man can understand it. But the "simple" may also be a partial truth-in this case resting upon the ambiguity of the term "compromise." I propose to defend the idea of statesmanship, to show the necessity of transcending compromise, and to prove the impossibility of identifying completely the democratic way with the method of compromise. I say "completely," for no sane person denies the virtue of compromise or its admitted necessity at times. However, compromise is logically neither the only alternative to force nor is it in fact, or even theoretically, alone capable of preventing the use of force. There are three possible methods of adjustment in social relations: (i) what for the want of a better term may be called the method of rational persuasion, (2) compromise, and (3) force expressed in the forms of coercion and/or violence. Let us consider the method of persuasion. The two disputants in immediate conflict come together by themselves or with a third party to consider their difficulties. It is assumed that, with good will and the use of reason, truth in the matter of value conflicts may be discovered. One or other of the disputants, as the case may be, is persuaded that his opinion is wrong or that the opinion of the other is better. Or it may be that both may be persuaded that their respective opinions are not so desirable as some third point of view. In a case of this kind something quite different from compromise takes place. Neither side has made any concessions; neither has "lost" anything. If disputant X is persuaded that disputant Y has a better point of view, a fuller truth in a value-judging situation, in relinquishing his own opinion and accepting that of Y, X has gained something. Discounting for the moment as irrelevant the fact that any human


In this report we discuss the choice of rf frequency for LHCD in DIII-D, and its consequences for the operating regimes. We also discuss some Brambilla code results for particular launcher geometry, as well as edge density requirements for efficient coupling by the launcher. We present results of the ACCOME code modelling for selected frequency spectra. Finally, a summary is given, as well as suggestions for future studies.


The design and simulation of a CMOS CPPLL based on novel edge- triggered precharge PFD are presented in this paper.The PFD is designed to prevent it's ouput signal period's excess.The circuit design is realized in UMC 2.5V 0.25um CMOS technology.Spice simulation shows that a better performance of short lock up time and little jitter.


Abstract One of the basic instruments of direct democracy is the referendum, which is particularly developed in Switzerland. In Poland, due to historical conditions, there is no tradition of using referendums; however, in recent years, the participation of citizens in public co-decision has started to be implemented through the instruments of governance (participatory democracy), i.e. the village council fund and participatory budgeting. Apart from the basic function, i.e. active participation in making public decisions, all the above-mentioned instruments should also fulfill another important role: it is social control in the financial sphere. Therefore, this study attempts to answer the following research question: do the instruments of direct and participatory democracy fulfil the function of social control in the field of public financial decisions, and if so, how? According to the adopted hypothesis, both the forms of direct and participatory democracy also constitute (contain) elements of social control of the activities of public authorities. And by their very nature, these legal instruments of social control are implemented in the form of ex ante external control. To verify this view, the study interprets the content of foreign and domestic acts of universally binding law (cantonal constitutions, statutory provisions).


The metallurgical feasibility of replacing lead (Pb) bath with bismuth (Bi) bath as quenching media for steel has been investigated. It is found that there is a good consistency in microstructures and hardness, i.e., mechanical properties for specimens quenched in Bi and Pb bath. On the possible side effect of Bi molten on the quality of steels, both the theoretical and experimental results indicate that there is no apparent corrosion or reaction between Bi and steel during quenching operation in Bi bath. Therefore, it can be firmly concluded that replacing Pb bath with Bi bath as quenching media for steel is proven to be practicable.


Cloud computing is getting universally in production and hence, comprising more valuable information resources. Therefore, providing a secure infrastructure to exchange information is more vital and inevitable. Attackers are looking for a way to penetrate these systems and exploit various techniques, such as account hijack and denial of service attacks, to obtain the information or develop a disorder in the system. The creation of treat models helps to identify the vulnerabilities, prevent potential attacks, and consider appropriate mechanisms to mitigate them. One of these mechanisms is the access control list and the role-based access control list is one of its variants that defines some user groups and allocates resources to specific groups. Token-based authentication is another mechanism which helps to maintain security. When a user requests to access a resource, initially it must be authenticated by a username and represents a token. In this effort, by using the concept of role-based access control and JSON web token framework, a customized framework is proposed and implemented with a higher level of security in comparison to a standard JSON web token framework. Moreover, this proposal has the ability to update the status of access to resources in case of changing access policies by the policy engine.


The two world wars in the 20th century and the events that followed those wars, caused the phenomenon of international migration to become one of the most important issues of the international relations system. In this direction, immediately after the Second World War, steps that would be effective at the global level began to be taken by international community. The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951) and the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees (1967) are among the most fundamental documents of international migration law and despite the long period of time that has passed their importance maintain even today. UNHCR and UN-IOM, as the two main organizations of international migration management, continue their work on the implementation of international migration law. Collaboration of the legal and institutional dimensions of international migration with states is essential for successful migration management. Turkiye has a national immigration law in line with the basic documents of international immigration law. The Law on Foreigners and International Protection, which came into force in 2013, is Turkiye's main national immigration law. In addition, cooperation processes with international migration institutions are also increasing. Established in 2013, the Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management has become the most fundamental institution in Turkiye's migration management processes. In this study, Turkiye's relationship with international migration law and international migration organizations has been examined.


The introduction of article 4.2 of the Treaty of the European Union by the Treaty of Lisbon, verbalizes a trend that had been brought up both by the Member State's case law and by the European doctrine. In a too ambiguous manner for some but clear enough to others, the principle of primacy of European Union law over national law is relativized in order to take into account the constitutional differences of the European Union Member's. This paper seeks to establish whether Member States have a right to deviate from a European Union law obligation if necessary to protect its national identity by virtue of art. 4.2 TEU. And if so, who is responsible for defining this concept of "national identity". In order to clarify the raised issues, article 4.2 TEU is contextualized by highlighting its immediate precedents, the main doctrinal positions are taken into account and an analysis of the case law by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Spanish, French and German Constitutional Courts is carried out.


This paper addresses the lubrication analysis of a short squeeze-film damper operating with electrorheological (ER) fluids which have large and reversible changes in yield shear stresses with respect to an applied electric field. The ER fluids are assumed to be modeled as Bingham fluids. The governing lubrication equation for the ER short squeeze-film damper is developed on the basis of a Bingham fluid model, and the equation is subsequently solved in order to investigate the effects of the ER fluids on the damping capability of the damper. It is shown that a substantial increase in both direct and cross-coupled damping is accomplished by increasing the yield shear stress of the ER fluids. This significant improvement of the damping capability suggests that the ER short squeeze-film damper could be very effective for reducing the vibration and controlling the critical speeds of a rotor system.


Visualization technique is a key technique for the development of metal solidification numerical simulation software system.On the basis of a large number of meshes in displaying of casting temperature field,fluid field in mould filling process and casting stress field,by calculating mesh geometry dimension data,moving and restoring the reference frame,judging the relationship between the boundary meshes and their adjacent meshes,as well as distinguishing temperature range with three primary colours, it is possible to apply OpenGL and MFC technique to rapidly make hi-quality solid geometry drawing,the mesh drawing,outline drawing and colour temperature drawing of castings/moulds.


ABSTRACT
 Whiteflies cause major agricultural problems in environments ranging from arid to humid climates on a global scale. A study was conducted on the effects of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on oviposition, hatching, body size, and survival of immature B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Experiments were conducted at VPD conditions of 0.5, 1.7, and 2.7 kPa to represent low, medium, and high VPD environments, respectively. The study was conducted at 26°C with insects reared on collard, Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle. The rate of oviposition was decreased at the highest VPD treatment. However, percentage egg hatch was not significantly affected by the treatments. More time was required for eggs to hatch at a high (2.7 kPa) compared with a low (0.3 kPa) VPD in a separate experiment. Overall survival to the adult stage was decreased at the highest VPD (≈50%) compared with the other two VPD environments (≈75%). Sizes of males and females were different, as is well known, but VPD had little significant effect on adult body size (length and width). The size effect was erased when the F2 generations from the different treatments were reared under a common environment. Insect population models that include the most relevant environmental parameters can offer the best estimation of life-history events. These results help elucidate the ecology of B. tabaci and indicate that extremes in ambient moisture can have an impact on populations.


Numerous problems in robotics, computer vision, computational geometry and signal processing, involve the solution of polynomial systems of equations. Recently, Artificial Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs) have been applied to perform the factorization of polynomials [4, 5, 6] with considerable success. To the best of our knowledge the problem of computing the number of real roots of a polynomial has not been addressed using neural computation approaches. In the present work we propose Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs) to tackle this problem.


Bright lesions in the form of exudates and cotton wool spots while dark lesions consisting of hemorrhages are main evidences of background diabetic retinopathy that require early detection and precise classification. Based on different properties of bright lesions and dark lesions, bottom-up and top-down strategies are applied respectively to cope with the main difficulties in lesions detection such as inhomogeneous illumination. In bright lesion detection, a three-stage, bottom-up approach is applied. After local contrast enhancement preprocessing stage, two-step Improved Fuzzy C-Means is applied in Luv color space to segment candidate bright lesion areas. Finally, a hierarchical SVM classification structure is applied to classify bright non-lesion areas, exudates and cotton wool spots. In hemorrhage detection, a top-down strategy is adopted. The hemorrhages are located in the ROI firstly by calculating the evidence value of every pixel using SVM. Then their boundaries can be accurately segmented in the post-processing stage.


A model for the W-type W Ursae Majoris systems.is presented in which the energy exchange occurs largely through the superadiabatic part of the common convective envelope and the secondary component is a few hundred degrees hotter than the primary. It is confirmed, by light curve synthesis, that such a model has the observed light curves. The model accounts for the W-type systems being of later spectral type and in shallow contact. It is predicted that A-type systems will tend to have small massratios. (auth)


The study is devoted to urgent problems of developing the underground space of cities. The article considers urban underground spaces as a reserve of additional area, due to which it is possible to increase comfort and improve the quality of life of people. The issues of lack of free urban land are studied, and the possibility of organizing multilevel, convenient and safe pedestrian-transport communications in the urban environment is also being considered. The innovative approach to solving this issue requires an integrated approach, taking into account the variety of factors affecting the formation of the underground structure of urban space. Based on the theoretical and practical experience in the design and construction of underground structures, the positive and negative sides of the development of the underground space were formulated. The use of underground space in cities demonstrates the possibility of a comprehensive solution to a wide range of urban, economic and environmental problems.


Purpose – This study aims to construct a parsimonious instrument to measure social valuation in a collective setting using Uganda as an example.Design/methodology/approach – A triangulation technique was used in this study. Conversations with students, parents, teaching and non‐teaching staff at Uganda Christian University (UCU) main campus were carried out, as well as a rigorous review of the literature to gather an original set of items on social valuation. Content and face validity were carried out in order to get rid of redundant and ambiguous items. The remaining items were incorporated in a questionnaire which was pretested before being distributed to a convenience sample of 650 third‐year business students on the four campuses of UCU, each located in one of the four regions of Uganda.Findings – Principal axis factoring by promax rotation extracted six oblique factors accounting for 56 percent of the variance, namely, teaching of entrepreneurship in schools, family, knowledge, institutions, percepti...


Today's latest high-resolution transmission electron microscopes (HRTEM) with image correctors are fantastic instruments easily allowing the imaging of atomic structures with resolutions better than 100 pm and precision of atomic column positions of a few pm. This is amongst other things the result of better control of residual aberrations and the tremendous reduction of delocalization leading to a strongly improved signal-to-noise ratio at atomic positions. However at the same time, it deteriorates the transfer of large area phase contrast represented as low spatial frequencies. Consequently, an image corrected HRTEM is a band-pass filter for phase information, good for atomic resolution, bad for measuring electrostatic potentials due to e.g. p-n junctions.


Newly synthesized copper-doped silica cuprous sulfate is used as an efficient catalyst in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of various acyclic β-azido alcohols (I) with terminal alkynes.


Debates over scientists' appropriate contributions to policy-making are prominent in a variety of natural resources fields. The issue is often presented as one of "responsible advocacy." But this framing locks us into a paradox: Scientists who advocate aim to be effective in the policy arena, but by advocating lose their credibility. In this preliminary review of the issue, I argue that we can avoid the paradox by acknowledging a wider range of speech acts structuring scientists' obligations in the policy process. Scientists can advocate–but they can also report, give their assessments, make recommendations, and especially, offer good advice.


A study was carried out to determine the relationship and genetic diversity among twenty-one blackgram genotypes using Mahalanobis's D2 and principal component analysis for various quantitative traits over three seasons. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the blackgram genotypes. Twenty-one genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The maximum intra cluster distance was observed in cluster II. The maximum inter cluster distance was found between cluster III and V (D2 = 3402.97). The clusters II and V showed high mean values for seed yield per plant. In principal component analysis, first component had contribution from the traits viz., number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant which accounted 35.44% to the total variability. The remaining variability of 20.06%, 12.39% and 11.23% was accounted by second, third and fourth principal components by various traits viz., number of branches, pod weight and 100 seed weight. The cumulative variance of 79.12% of total variation among eleven characters was explained by the first four axes.


Strangnas - an idyllic summer town located next to Malaren between Sodertalje and Eskilstuna. A conurbation with about 14.000 inhabitants. The plot for the project is located next to Strangnas gues ...


The natural log of experimental nuclear level densities at low energy is linear with energy. This can be interpreted in terms of a nearly 1st order phase transition from a superfluid to an ideal gas of quasi particles. The transition temperature coincides with the BCS critical temperature and yields gap parameters in good agreement with the values extracted from even- odd mass differences from rotational states. This converging evidence supports the relevance of the BCS theory to atomic nuclei.


The invention relates to the field of painting technologies, in particular to a paining process of an aqueous multicolor paint used for CCA (cellulose fiber-cement sheet) boards. The painting process comprises the following steps: processing materials, spraying fluorocarbon white primers, spraying water-texture intermediate paints, spraying aqueous multicolor paints and spraying fluorocarbon transparent finish coats. The painting process is simple and quick in operation and low in cost. A product which is painted has the advantages of good weather resistance, high hardness and the like. The painting process is especially used for painting outdoor CCA boards to achieve artificial granite and marble effects.


We calculate the nonrelativistic scattering of a wavepacket from a Coulomb potential and find deviations from the Rutherford formula in all cases. These generally occur only at low scattering angles, where they would be obscured by the part of the incident beam that emerges essentially unscattered. For a model experiment, the scattering of helium nuclei from a thin gold foil, we find the deviation region is magnified for low incident energies (in the keV range), so that a large shadow zone of low probability around the forward direction is expected to be measurable. From a theoretical perspective, the use of wavepackets makes partial wave analysis applicable to this infinite-range potential. It allows us to calculate the everywhere finite probability for a wavepacket to wavepacket transition and to relate this to the differential cross section. Time delays and advancements in the detection probabilities can be calculated. We investigate the optical theorem as applied to this special case.


As a continuation of our paper in this journal on psychiatric evaluation of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients in Asian Indians,[1] the results show a higher incidence of anxiety and depressive disorders in CSCR individuals. As a corollary to that, we are suggesting treating the subset of patients with Type A personality[2] with anxiolytic (acting on GABA pathway) and anti-depressant (serotonin pathway action) drugs.


The behaviour of cyanide on platinum electrodes at anodic potentials has been studied by voltammetric and Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectroscopic techniques. The voltammetry shows that cyanide adsorbs on platinum at potentials more negative than –0.8 V (SCE). Potential-sensitive infrared absorptions appearing between 2200 and 2250 cm–1 are tentatively assigned to strongly adsorbed cyanide species. Another band at 2074.5 cm–1 shows no change in wavenumber with potential and is thought to be associated with cyanide in the double-layer region. An absorption at 2169 cm–1, which appears with significant intensity at anodic potentials, has been attributed to bulk cyanate. Other features at 2093 and 2343 cm–1 are assigned to aqueous hydrogen cyanide and carbon dioxide, respectively, possibly formed as a result of changes in interfacial pH associated with electro-oxidation.


Developing Countries (DCs) in Sub-Saharan Africa have never been more challenged in their national strategic decisions and actions to eradicate poverty, cope with recurrent calamities and steer into greater levels of economic development (Reid 2001 pp.26-66). The task is harder given the requirement that this development needs to be sustainable over the long term, balancing economic, social and environmental concerns, and encompassing a greater definition of Human Rights. Although DCs differ in environmental, economic and socio-political aspects from countries where SEA was developed (Modak and Biswas 1999 p.viii), this chapter suggests that SEA can nevertheless aid strategic decision making in DCs and significantly facilitate sustainable development (Wood 2003; Sadler and Verheem 1996, Therivel et al. 1992; Buckley 1998). This chapter attempts to justify the need for SEA in a "biodiversity-rich" developing country such as Kenya (Reid 2003 p.196), whose priority is to fast reduce poverty by embracing "free trade" as an engine of economic development (GOK 2003). The chapter gives an insight into the general strategic decisionmaking process, reviews how strategic decisions are regulated by law and discusses how the environment has historically been integrated into the decisionmaking process. The chapter analyses key SEA elements already being implemented, highlights how Kenya's Project EIA can be supplemented by SEA and finally gives recommendations for implementing SEA within the socio-economic needs and eco-environmental context of the country. Kenya has been chosen to reflect the need for SEA in a typical Developing Country in Sub-Saharan Africa.


The reaction of quinazolinone or tetrahydroquinazolinone derivatives of type (II) with alkylamines gives 3-alkyl-4-alkylimino compounds of type (IV) via a Dimroth-type rearrangement or normal substitution products of type (V).


We present the TrueTime Network library for Modelica, developed within the ITEA2 project EUROSYSLIB. It allows for simulation of various network protocols and is intended for use within real-time networking. We describe some its features and discuss implementational issues. Since TrueTime Network is programmed in C, special attention is given to the how Modelica's external function interface is used. We also discuss briefly a future native Modelica implementation.


AMONG the objects of small size of the Ptolemaic and Roman periods in the collection of Egyptian antiquities of the Metropolitan Museum of Art a small blue-green faience head is of particular interest (figs. 1-5). It once formed part of the Carnarvon collection., Its provenience is given as Memphis. This head, which measures 6.8 cm. in height, has suffered considerable damage. It is broken off along a line that runs from the chin to the base of the skull. The hair has been damaged in several places, particularly on top, over the forehead on the right side, over the right temple (fig. 2), and in the back on the right, side. The damage at this point takes the form of a roughly circular depression with rather pitted surface that suggests the head was once used to hammer a blunt, cylindrical object of small diameter (fig. 3). The right ear entirely, the left ear in great part, the nose, and part of the chin are missing. There is a deep cut on the lower right cheek. The surface of the left cheek is damaged in an oblique line running from the cheek bone to the mouth. The faience glaze has disappeared, except for small patches, from all but the chin and the left side of the face (fig. 4). Only a faded green coloration remains in its place. The preserved glaze is considerably discolored by a blackish stain. In spite of its battered condition and small size, this faience head seems to the writer to be an unmistakable portrait of Augustus. The broad, deep skull, the profile, the eyes, mouth, and arrangement of the hair at the temples are the familiar ones of Augustan portraiture (figs. 1, 5). The general type to which this faience head belongs is, however, the less numerously represented late portrait type already foreshadowed in the beautiful Ancona head.2 In the Ancona portrait the characteristic tongue-like locks which, as they appear in the Prima Porta type,3 reach down over the forehead in separate strands, are beginning to straighten out into the continuous line across the forehead that distinguishes the latest phase of the portraiture of the living Augustus.4 In the late portraits, as represented by the heads in the Louvre (1280, 1276),5 the Capitoline head (fig. 6),6 the head from Ostia,' and the Boston head


Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is one of the widely utilized technology of low-cost 3D Printing. It uses plastic filament as material for Additive Manufacturing. To lessen the amount of filament consumption of prints, modification of the infill patterns was conducted. This study focuses on the introduction of new infill pattern – the lattice infill to increase material efficiency of 3D prints, compared to conventional infill patterns. Benchmark designs such as grid and cubic infill pattern were first created by the 3D printer slicing software. The proposed lattice infill design was created using a CAD software and rendered as STL file for compatibility with the slicing software. The three infill patterns were simulated in the slicing software to measure approximate product weight and the proposed design is simulated in an engineering simulation software to determine the stress performance and displacement when an external force is introduced. Results showed that the new infill pattern saves material up to 61.3% compared to conventional infill patterns. In effect, it increased the amount of prints produced per spool by 2.5 times. It is also found out that the lattice infill pattern print can resist to up to 1.6kN of compressive load prior to breaking.


AIM:Estimation of serum calcium and magnesium serially during menstrual, proliferative and secretory phases of menstrual cycle.METHOD:Serum calcium and magnesium were estimated in 30 healthy student volunteers with regular menstrual cycles by Sysmex chemical analyzer.RESULT:The results were analysed by student t-test with the help of Graphpad software Quickcalcs t-test calculator which showed significant cyclic variation but within physiological limits.From menstrual phase to proliferative phase, serum calcium levels increased(P-value 0.051) which is statistically significant.But from proliferative phase to secretory phase, calcium levels decreased(P-value 0.052).Whereas results for serum magnesium obtained were exactly opposite to that for serum calcium levels.Serum magnesium levels decreased from menstrual phase to proliferative phase(P-value 0.055) which is statistically significant and from proliferative phase to secretory phase serum magnesium levels increased (P-value 0.057).These changes in serum electrolytes may be attributed to the cyclic variations of ovarian hormones- estrogen and progesterone.Serum Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio increased from menstrual to proliferative phase and then decreased from proliferative to secretory phase.
CONCLUSION:The cyclical changes in serum calcium and magnesium may produce changes in fluid and electrolyte balance responsible for premenstrual syndrome.This variation though is within physiological limits,gives indication for correction of necessary electrolytes for relief of pre-menstrual distress experienced by some women.


This report describes a proposed laboratory test method to predict the initial retroreflectivity of pavement markings in the field based on the quality of the applied glass beads. Thus, the report will be of immediate interest to state materials and maintenance engineers with responsibility for specification and placement of pavement marking materials. The project team conducted a combined laboratory and field experiment to develop, verify, and validate the proposed test method. The laboratory experiment addressed the characterization of glass beads and identified a drawdown test as a promising method to relate the laboratory retroreflectivity of glass beads to initial pavement marking retroreflectivity. The field experiment successfully verified and validated the laboratory results through a series of pilot- and full-scale pavement marking applications. Finally, the variability of the drawdown test method was estimated through a modified interlaboratory study. The study included five laboratories, which used the same set of beads and the same paint to conduct the drawdown test independently. Analysis of the results demonstrated that the test method is repeatable and reproducible. The report fully documents the research; a proposed laboratory test method in AASHTO standard format is presented in Chapter 5: Findings and Recommendations. In addition, the report includes Appendix A: Explanation for Statistical Graphing.


Salt diapirs are commonly seen in the North Sea. Below the Zechstein Group exist possibly overpressured salt-anhydrite formations. One explanation as to the salt precipitation in areas with salt diapirs is that salt cementation is thermally driven and occurs strongly in places adjacent to salt diapirs. This paper assumes that the sealing effect of the cap rock above the salt formations is compromised and overpressured fluids, carrying dissolved minerals such as anhydrite (CaSO4) and salt mineral components (NaCl of halite), flow into the porous sedimentary layers above the salt formations. Additionally, a salt-diapir-like structure is assumed to be at one side of the model. The numerical flow and heat transport simulator SHEMAT-Suite was developed and applied to calculating the concentrations of species, and dissolution and precipitation amounts. Results show that the overpressured salt-anhydrite formations have higher pressure heads and the species elements sodium and chlorite are transported into porous sediment rocks through water influx (saturated brine). Halite can precipitate as brine with sodium and chlorite ions flows to the cooler environment. Salt cementation of reservoir rocks leads to decreasing porosity and permeability near salt domes, and cementation of reservoir formations decreases with growing distance to the salt diapir. The proposed approach in this paper can also be used to evaluate precipitation relevant to scaling problems in geothermal engineering.


Cortisol, estradiol‐17B, progesterone, testosterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin altered 3H‐thymidine uptake in tissue culture suspensions of human breast carcinoma in 10 of 20 tumors studied. In 6 patients where there was an opportunity to observe the clinical response to hormonal therapy, an apparent correlation was present between the in vitro data and clinical course. This correlation suggests that this in vitro assay may be useful in selecting patients for hormonal therapy.


This research proposal develops an integrative framework of uncertainty based on a review of past literature in high-impact business and management journals. The framework depicts antecedents and outcomes of uncertainty and uncertainty coping, behavioral, cognitive-emotional, decisional and economic outcomes. Key empirical studies around the concept of uncertainty are discussed in the context of the derived framework and major patterns and contradictions identified. We find that uncertainty still lacks a universal conceptualization in business and management studies. The concept is mostly captured taking a macro perspective and measured one-dimensionally. Internal sources of uncertainty still do not enjoy equal status in literature as external ones. Furthermore, culture impacting the willingness to bear uncertainty represents an underdeveloped moderator to perceived uncertainty and uncertainty coping strategies.


Lentil (Lens culinaris) is a leading high protein pulse grown by the farmers as a rainfed rabi crop in lowland rice fallows in Indo Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India. Disease complex due to Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita possess a great threat to yield of lentil when grown as fallow crop after rice with residual soil moisture and nitrogen in dryland condition. This paper discusses the role of soil moisture and availability of soil NO3-N to the plants on wilt nematode disease complex under a long term rice-lentil cropping system. In our long term experimental conditions which prevailed under dry condition, low level of soil moisture and low availability of soil NO3-N to plants illustrated increased in fungus nematode wilt complex severity, which can be mitigated by use of farm yard manure as full source of nitrogen in rice. This leads to the enhancement of the available soil moisture and nitrogen for residual crops like lentil and also reduced wilt nematode complex.


It is a paradox that the measured frequency-dependent linear conductivity of sliding charge-density-wave (CDW) materials is well described by a purely dissipative model of CDW motion, but several experiments involving the nonlinear response have demonstrated inductive effects characteristic of inertial systems. We show here that these results can be reconciled within a strongly dissipative model of CDW dynamics, provided the internal elastic degrees of freedom are taken into account. As a consequence, we predict a ''ringing'' oscillation of the CDW when the dc driving field is suddenly changed above the threshold.


There are two sides of love between men and women: one is noble love that makes you to rise above the secular world and ascend to ideal realm, and the other is graceful love that makes you to give birth to a child and live a fruitful life in real world. The love, which Yu-jeong Kim had on his mind was the latter. It is more primitive and practical than the former. There are two types of love that brings salvation to human beings: One is religious love and the other is maternal love. What they have in common is that they are both unconditional. But, the religious love, which is based on afterlife, aspires towards ideal world, while maternal love is about this life. Among the two, the latter was more important to Yu-jeong Kim. He perceived maternal love to be greater than religious love. It is more primitive and practical than religious love. According to his ideas, there are two types of terrestrial love: Jeong情, and the 'great love', which he suggested. Yu-jeong Kim suffered depression and was a strict believer of misanthropism, but at the same time he desired to be a part of crowds and live a humane life. A humane life is a life full of jeong情. Jeong情 is what puts together Korean society- a human friendly culture. In this troubled chaos that is current days, the last hope that remains to us human beings is the 'great love'. The concepts of the 'great love' are: First, it is the love towards community, not individuals. Second, the love towards community is more primitive than the love towards individuals. The love towards a community comes before the love towards an individual at this time of individualism. Third, it is the love towards needy grass-roots. Fourth, it is the love on the level of empathy, and not of sympathy and charity. In the end, the 'great love' is an expansion of jeong情. Yu-jeong Kim literature should not be appraised as literature full of reminiscence or recollection of old days just because the 'great love' is primitive. It is not a regression to the past, but a new discovery. The place where he discovered the 'great love' is his hometown of Shillae(currently Kangwondo Chuncheonsi Shindongmyun Jeungli). Peasants in this village had lived in a community that suggested 'great love' in their daily lives. He planned to embody this 'great love' he discovered in his hometown into his work, but could not. He spent a winter with sleepless nights putting up notes on his wall and getting lost in his thoughts, planning to start working on a new novel late in the next summer. But he passed away on March 29th before the summer came.


@reclaimhosting looking through discourse for your getting started pages with WordPress I want to add them here: https://indieweb.org/Getting_Started what are the pages I should link


Estimating the stability boundary is a fundamental and challenging problem in transient stability studies. It is known that a proper level set of a Lyapunov function or an energy function can provide an inner approximation of the stability boundary, and the estimation can be expanded by trajectory reversing methods. In this paper, we streamline the theoretical foundation of the expansion methodology, and generalize it by relaxing the request that the initial guess should be a subset of the stability region. We investigate topological characteristics of the expanded boundary, showing how an initial guess can approach the exact stability boundary locally or globally. We apply the theory to power system transient stability assessment, and propose expansion algorithms to improve the well-known Potential Energy Boundary Surface (PEBS) and Boundary of stability region based Controlling Unstable equilibrium point (BCU) methods. Case studies on the IEEE 39-bus system well verify our results and demonstrate that estimations of the stability boundary and the critical clearing time can be significantly improved with modest computational cost. Note to Practitioners—This paper was motivated by the problem of determining whether a power system can retain transient stability subject to large disturbances such as short-circuit fault and generator tripping. The most well-known approaches to such a problem are the direct methods that can avoid time-costly simulations and "directly" determine the transient stability by estimating the stability boundary. Nevertheless, such estimations are generally too conservative. This paper proposes a new expansion method to improve the direct methods, which allows the initial estimation to lie partially outside the real boundary and hence enables applications to both global and local direct methods. Our method can expand the initial estimation towards the real stability boundary, thus reducing the conservativeness and providing a more accurate stability assessment such as the critical clearing time (CCT) of a fault. In this paper, we first mathematically establish the expansion theory and then propose numerical algorithms for power system applications. Simulations on the IEEE 39-bus benchmark verify our approach and show that the conservativeness can be significantly reduced with modest computational cost. Our approach can be further extended to scenarios where a valid Lyapunov (energy) function is unavailable.


This paper explores the comparative study of building performances at its performance points with two different response reduction factors. RCC Building with Bare Frame, RCC Building with Shear Wall and RCC Building with Stiffness Asymmetry, these three types of buildings are used for obtaining better objective of the study. Pushover Analysis is performed in SAP2000 to get performance of the building.


The invention relates to a bearing arrangement for a crankshaft (1) of a reciprocating engine, in particular for an internal combustion engine comprising at least a first bearing (2; 2.1, 2.2) for the support of the crankshaft (1) in a crankcase (6) and at least a second bearing (3, 26,27) for the bearing of a connecting rod on the crankshaft (1), wherein the first bearing (2; 2.1, 2.2) a lubricant, in particular lubricating oil, via an oil supply device / oil hole (7) in the housing (bearing block 6) can be supplied, via at least arranged one in the crankshaft (1) crankshaft lubricant channel (24) for supplying lubricant to possibly further housing bearings (main bearings 2) and can be guided to connecting rod bearings (3), wherein the crankshaft lubricant channels (24) of the oil supply apparatus / oil hole (7) of the first bearing (main bearing 2; 2.1, 2.2) on the respective shortest connection to the bearings to be lubricated other (2, 3, 26, 27) are designed u nd the oil inlet openings in the crankshaft lubricant channels (24) on the first bearing (2; 2.1, 2.2) (of bearing cheek in the region of the transition lateral flanges 13, 14 on crankshaft bearings 4) to the bearing surface (5) are arranged.


The conductor temperature is an important state indicator of an operation cable,. But direct measurement of the cable conductor temperature is difficult to realize in practice, which is usually obtained by calculation. Presently, thermal circuit method and numerical calculation are adopted to calculate the conductor temperature, however the accuracy of the two methods are greater affected by physical parameters of the cable itself. Therefore, a method of calculation of three-core cable conductor transient temperature by using BP neural network based on particle swarm optimization is introduced in this paper. A four-layer neural network model is built by using the load current and outer sheath temperature as inputs, using cable conductor temperature as output. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the network first, and then BP algorithm is used to make a second optimization. The research shows that BP neural network based on particle swarm optimization can be used in accurately calculating three-core cable conductor temperature, avoiding of the effecting of its physical parameters, moreover, it also can give a reference on monitoring the state of operating three-core cable.


In this work, we address the spatiotemporal evolution of micro∕nanoscopic pattern formation on polymer films by atomic force microscope (AFM) assisted electrohydrodynamic (EHD) nanolithography. This patterning method combines the locality and site specificity of AFM and the surface wave amplification of EHD instability for pattern creation and is capable of generating a series of structures corresponding to the zeroth- to second-order wave patterns. Detailed simulations in the framework of nonlinear three-dimensional analysis are presented to elucidate the localized EHD pattern formation. The experimental and theoretical results are quantitatively compared to address the characteristics of the AFM-assisted EHD pattern formation. The impact of key experimental parameters such as the tip bias voltage and bias duration on the formation rate, morphology, and lateral dimension of the wave patterns are discussed. The AFM assisted EHD nanolithography would open new route to the fabrication of complex polymer nan...


The time-frequency characteristics of four intensity indices Ii(i=1,4)and two center position indices(λi,φi;i=3,4)of the Aleutian low(AL)proposed by different scholars since the 1990's are analyzed and compared in this paper,and their correlation relationships with the sea surface temperature(SST)of the Pacific Ocean,air temperature and precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere during the same period are investigated.The results show that evolutionary features of Ii(i=2,4)are mostly similar:the AL was weaker before the mid-1970's,then stronger,and becomes weaker again in recent years;larger differences existed between I1 and Ii(i=2,4)probably because I1 is defined according to the 5-month mean pressure field.The geographic distributive range of the appearance of the center position of the AL determined by(λc3,φc3)is larger than that by(λc4,φc4),which might be caused by the differences in the length of average time period and the different definitions of the center position between them;and it is about 5-yr earlier for λc4 to turn from the negative position anomaly phase to the positive one than the time when λc3 did,and the tuning time of λc4 is also more consistent with the transition time of intensity indices Ii(i=2,4).In strong EI Nio events,the AL strengthened with its center shifting eastward;and vice versa in La Nia events.In this respect,intensity indices I2 and I4 and position indices λc4 and λc3 are comparatively better.When the AL was stronger('i0)and lay eastward of its normal position(λ'ci0),it was colder and drier in the mid-latitude North Pacific region and the southern area of North America,but warmer and wetter in the northeast area of North Pacific,and vice versa.


The present work provides a study on high concentration of arsenic removal from acid leaching solution of zinc oxide dust by water-quenched slag. The water-quenched slag is a waste slag produced from fuming furnace of lead pyrometallurgical process and used as a substitute of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate to precipitate arsenic at purification section. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, the addition of H2O2 and the addition of water-quenched slag on arsenic removal rate were systematically investigated. The reaction temperature of 70°C, reaction time of 1 h, H2O2 addition of 10.8 mL/L and water-quenched slag addition of 17.8 g/L are identified as the best technical parameters. At the optimum conditions, the arsenic (III) with high concentration (As 4.13 g/L) is efficiently removed (arsenic removal rate > 99%). The filtrate (Fe 1.21 mg/L, As 1.53 mg/L) with low concentrations of arsenic and iron and the stable filter residue are also obtained successfully. The United States EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test shows that the As leachability never exceeds the regulatory limit of 5 mg/L As. The results suggest that the water-quenched slag shows potential for removing high concentration of arsenic from acid leaching solution of zinc oxide dust. K eywords: Arsenic removal, Water-quenched slag, Zinc oxide dust, Purification


Uterine infection is a major problem in reproductive management and inefficient estrous detection. The bovine uterus is sterile before calving and the cervix provides a barrier against intrauterine invasion by pathogens during gestation1. Following calving, the uterus may become infected due to presence of infectious or non-specific microorganisms. Several bacterial, protozoan, viral and mycoplasmal infections are common in postpartum period. The most common and economically important bacteria for uterine infection are Actinomyces spp, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium spp, Pasteurella spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Staphylococcus spp2. Cows with uterine infection in the postpartum period generally have lower conception rates at subsequent breeding. A high percentage of cows have bacteria present in the uterus during the first two weeks after calving may be considered as infected. However, by two months post-calving, the prevalence of uterine infection decline to less than 10 percent. Even though, pathogenic bacteria persist in some cows causing uterine disease by preventing physiological uterine involution resulting in sub-fertility in individual cows or even in the whole herds3. Bovine genital infections, either specific or non-specific in nature, account for large number of pregnancy failure in cows4. Generally, nonspecific infection of the genitalia is considered to be the main cause of repeated conception failure5,6. Bacterial infection is the most important among the various causes of endometeritis7. Such a condition may cause cervicitis or endometritis of various degrees, which may lead to embryonic death and repeat breeding problems8. These infections affect fertility by altering the uterine environment resulting in sperm transport impairment, sperm death and hostile environment to subsequent development and maintenance of the conceptus leading to their death9. Incidence of uterine infection in cattle decreases with the increasing of the postpartum period, ranging from 90% in 25 days of calving to postpartum to 9% in 46-60 days of postpartum period10.


Simple Summary Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) has a dismal prognosis in which the younger the patient, the more restricted the treatments are, in regard to the incurred risks. Current therapies destroy many tumor cells but fail to target the highly malignant glioma stem cells (GSCs) that adapt quickly to give rise to recurring, treatment-resistant cancers. Despite a lack of consensus around an efficient detection, GSCs are well described in adult brain tumors but remain poorly investigated in pediatric cases, mostly due to their rarity. An improved knowledge about GSC roles in pediatric tumors would provide a key leverage towards the elimination of this sub-population, based on targeted treatments. The aim of this review is to sum up the state of art about GSCs in pHGG. Abstract In children, high-grade gliomas (HGG) and diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) account for a high proportion of death due to cancer. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are tumor cells in a specific state defined by a tumor-initiating capacity following serial transplantation, self-renewal, and an ability to recapitulate tumor heterogeneity. Their presence was demonstrated several decades ago in adult glioblastoma (GBM), and more recently in pediatric HGG and DMG. In adults, we and others have previously suggested that GSCs nest into the subventricular zone (SVZ), a neurogenic niche, where, among others, they find shelter from therapy. Both bench and bedside evidence strongly indicate a role for the GSCs and the SVZ in GBM progression, fostering the development of innovative targeting treatments. Such new therapeutic approaches are of particular interest in infants, in whom standard therapies are often limited due to the risk of late effects. The aim of this review is to describe current knowledge about GSCs in pediatric HGG and DMG, i.e., their characterization, the models that apply to their development and maintenance, the specific signaling pathways that may underlie their activity, and their specific interactions with neurogenic niches. Finally, we will discuss the clinical relevance of these observations and the therapeutic advantages of targeting the SVZ and/or the GSCs in infants.


Travancore , one of  the Princely  States in British India and later  became the Model  State in British  India carried a significant  role in  history when analysing  its system  of  taxation. Tax is one of the chief means for acquiring revenue and wealth. In the modern sense, tax means an amount of money imposed by a government on its citizens to run a state or government. But  the  system  of  taxation in  the  Native  States  of  Travancore had an unequal character or discriminatory character and  which was bound  up with  the  caste system.  In the case of Travancore and its society, the so called caste system brings artificial boundaries in the society.[1]


In this paper, mathematically rigorous RL circuits of high-frequency multi-winding transformers are identified using an original three-step numerical procedure. They are composed of frequency-independent coefficients and can therefore be introduced in classical circuit simulators. First, the finite-element method in 3-D magnetodynamics, together with homogenization techniques which reduce the overall computational burden, are employed to extract frequency-dependent impedances and voltage gains. Then, the identified equivalent circuit is modified by removing the static resistances from the impedances, so as to obtain frequency-independent voltage gains, or coupling coefficients. An algorithm which is valid for any number of windings is proposed to that end. Finally, the frequency-dependent impedances are identified to Foster networks with constant elements using an optimization algorithm. An experimental validation with an impedance analyzer is proposed.


Conflict of interest statement

PD Dr. Mackensen has served as a paid consultant for Merck Serono and has received payment for continuing medical education events from Heidelberg Engineering.

PD Dr. Ness has served as a paid consultant for Abbvie. He has received reimbursement of meeting participation fees and travel and accommodation expenses from Bayer Health Care, as well as payment for continuing medical education events form Abbvie and Novartis and for the performance of clinical trials on behalf of Novartis, Santen, Abbvie, Sanofi, Allergan, and pSivida corp.


Toroidal dielectric metasurface with a Q-factor of 728 in 1500 nm wavelength are reported. The resonance couples strongly to the environment, as demonstrated with a refractometric sensing experiment.


This paper analyzes the dynamics of prices and wages using a limited information approach to estimation. I consider a two-equation model for the determination of prices and wages derived from an optimization-based dynamic model, where both goods and labor markets are monopolistically competitive, prices and wages can be re-optimized only at random intervals, and, when not re-optimized, can be partially adjusted to the previous period inflation. The estimation procedure is a two-step minimum distance estimation, which exploits the restrictions that the model imposes on a time series representation of the data. Specifically, in the first step I estimate an unrestricted autoregressive representation of the variables of interest. In the second step, I express the model solution in the form of a constrained autoregressive representation of the data, and define the distance between unconstrained and constrained representations as a function of the structural parameters that characterize the joint dynamics of inflation and labor share. This function summarizes the cross-equation restrictions between the model and the time series representations of the data. The parameters of interest are then estimated by minimizing a quadratic function of that distance. I find that the estimated dynamics of prices and wages track actual dynamics quite well, and that the estimated parameters are consistent with the observed length of nominal contracts.


The invention relates to a device (1) for monitoring the state in hydrostatic displacement units (2), particularly at driven as a pump or as a motor axial piston (3). The device (1) comprises a detection unit (4) having a plurality of on the hydrostatic displacement unit (2) mounted sensors (5) for detecting monitoring data (6) and operating data (7), and an evaluation unit (8), comprising means (9) for analysis of the monitoring data in the frequency domain and means (10) for analysis of the monitoring data in the time domain. To the evaluation unit (8), a diagnostic unit (11) connects to an output unit (13).


Objective to analyze common pathogens of cardiovascular disease caused by the merger lung infection clinical drug resistance reason and cause of many factors.Methods Retrospective analysis in October 2009 to June 2011 common pathogens of heart medicine resistance reason,medicine sensitivity and appraisal using France merry ella ATB company instrument for bacte-ria identification.The data analysis used WHONET5.4 software.Results ① Heart medicine common pathogenic bacteria distribution than constitute,G-b and G+ c each 50%,including lung,and staphylococcus aureus was the main pathogenic bacteria.②The main pathogenic bacteria resistant analysis,the second generation to cefazolin cephalosporins and three generations and penicillin resistance of the majority.Conclusion ① The reasonable use of antibiotics.② Prevention of elderly patients with nosocomial infection happen.


Azobenzene-containing linear–dendritic block copolymers (LDBC) with varied generation numbers were synthesized recently. This photosensitive LDBC consists of a linear solvophilic block (R) and solvophilic dendrons of which the periphery is attached with a solvophobic coil–rod diblock (B–Y). The self-assembly and its photoresponsive transformation are explored by dissipative particle dynamics. Dependent on the generation number, polymer concentration, block lengths, and π–π interaction between rod blocks, the aggregate exhibits a rich variety of morphological conformations, including spherical micelle, worm-like micelle, cylindrical micelle, hamburger-like micelle, nanosheet, nanobowl, and vesicle. In general, polymersomes take shape for LDBCs with large generation number while nanofibers and nanosheets develop for LDBCs with small generation number. Upon UV illumination, the photoinduced trans-to-cis isomerization of azobenzene takes place and the membrane becomes distorted, wrinkled, and even ruptured. A...


Phylogeny of the mite subfamily Makialginae, permanent and highly specialized ectoparasites of strepsirrhine primates distributed in Madagascar and tropical Africa, was inferred based on morphology under maximum parsimony: Galagalges (Cheirogalalges (Makialges (Daubentonialges (Lemuralges, Gaudalges)))). Historical associations were reconstructed by fitting the mite tree onto alternative host topologies. Results of coevolutionary analyses highlight the disparity between morphological and molecular hypotheses on the host evolutionary history. Although phylogenetic relationships of strepsirrhine primates based on the morphological hypothesis returned significant fits to our parasite tree, the most recent molecular hypothesis of host phylogeny resulted in no coevolutionary scenario being different from random. Based on the former reconstructions, we hypothesize that present associations of Daubentoniidae, the earliest derivative extant family of Malagasy primates, acquired the present mite species via extinction of their original parasites and subsequent re-colonization by parasites from derived lemuriform families. Our data suggest that extant associations between Malagasy lemurs and their mites resulted from a single ancient codispersal to Madagascar from Africa. However, because of the host switch in Daubentoniidae, alternative, but less parsimonious, scenarios are possible. Our analyses indirectly support the hypothesis of the monophyletic origin of the infraorder Lemuriformes, the superfamily Lemuroidea, and the sister-group relationships between the families Lemuridae and Indriidae.

© 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 162, 1–14.


In 2005-2007, zoobenthic samples were seasonally collected on the Cilician shelf with a van Veen grab. The aim was to study the biodiversity of vegetated and unvegetated soft-bottom habitats under pristine (ultraoligotrophic) and anthropogenically modified conditions. Faunistic characteristics, zoobenthic assemblages and their relationship with environmental variables were determined. Zoobenthic assemblages along shelf gradients occurred with habitat types and ecological status and then, bottom depths and depth-related sediment grain structure and content. Density of macrozoobenthic communities in Posidonia beds, eutrophic areas and sedimentary bottoms were positively correlated with salinity, density, dissolved oxygen content of sea surface and near bottom waters, and negatively correlated with sedimentary variables such as TOC content, and sea surface temperature. Syllis garciai was dominant and abundant and the key species in Posidonia beds. The key species of pristine and eutrophic soft-bottom types differed; they were Onchnesoma steenstrupi, Nephtys incise, and Monticellina heterochaeta and Nephtys hombergii, Macrophthalmus indicus, and Amphipholis squamata, respectively. For soft-bottom macrozoobenthic assemblages in eutrophic areas the Canonical Corresponance Analyses (CCA) showed impacts related to nutrient (P-PO4, N-NO2 + N-NO3 and Si) enrichment and dependence on Chl level in the water column.


An equalizer circuit in receiver for 2 5 Gbps transceiver has been designed by using technique of on chip programmable equalization. The standard process of 0.18 μm CMOS and 1.8 V power supply are used. Using UMC models, the circuits are simulated by Cadence SpectreS simulators. In the range of 0~125°C, at ff, tt or ss process corner, and in the power supply range of 1.8 V±10%, the simulation results show the circuits work well and robustly. In the typical case, the total power dissipation is 40 mW.


Gas chromatographic behaviors of various 4- and 6-methyl sterols with cholestane, campestane, β-sitostane or stigmastane side chains at C-17 position were studied. From the retention times for these sterols and for their oxo, acetoxy, trimethylsiloxy and trifluoracetoxy derivatives at C-3 position, the increment of the retention times due to the introduction of an alkyl group at C-4 or C-6 position in the steroid skelton and at C-24 position in the side chain was expressed as retention factors, respectively. Moreover, interaction between functional group at C-3 and methyl group at C-4 or C-6 was expressed in terms of ΔR-values, which are ratios of the retention times for steryl derivatives to those for the cor responding free sterols. Main results obtained were as follows.1) In spite of the variations of the side chain structures, no influences on the retention factors of 4- or 6-methyl group were observed. Whereas, the retention factors of C-24 alkyl group for methyl sterols were identical with those for non-methylated sterols, and were not affected by the natures of C-3 functional groups and liquid phases (SE-30, OV-17, DEGS).2) It was observed that the ΔR-values for sterols examined differed from one another depending upon number, stereochemical configuration, position and the presence or absence of methyl groups adjacent to C-3 functional group, whereas, within a homologous series, were idetical. Thus, the ΔR-values decreased in the following order : non-methylated>4α-methyl>4β-methyl≅4, 4-dimethyl sterols on the ΔRAC-values (retention times of steryl acetate vs. the corresponding free sterol), 4α-methyl>non-methylated>4, 4-dimethyl>4β-methyl sterols on the ΔRTMS-values (retention times of the steryl trimethylsilyl ether vs.the corresponding free sterol), respectively. Changes of liquid phases were not affected on the orders of the ΔR-values described above. On the 6α-, 6β- and 6-methyl sterols, in general, the ΔR-values were approximately equal to each other because their methyl groups at C-6 are more apart from C-3 functional group compared to methyl group at C-4. It is, hence, concluded that the differentiation of sterol type can be easily carried out from their ΔRAC and ΔRTMS-values.The characteristics of these retention factors and ΔR-values shown in this study may be especially useful for the structural elucidation of unknown sterols.


We suppress transverse mode instability and stimulated Brillouin scattering in a multimode fiber by exciting many modes. High beam quality is maintained, and the output beam profile can be controlled by shaping the input wavefront.


Presents research that evaluated the extent to which a biotechnology course enabled female secondary students to develop the skills to analyze bioethical issues. The emergent significance of the study lies in the recognition of the value systems that underpin the ethical decision-making processes of teenage girls.


An infrared laser system was developed based on a diode pumped YLF: Er-crystal emitting continuously at a wavelength of 2.8 μm. In order to irradiate biological samples at a microscopic scale, the laser was adapted to an inverse microscope using an IR-transmitting reflecting microscope objective. The TEMP output beam can be focused on biological materials with focus diameters less than 10 μm. Cell monolayers and other biological substrates were irradiated to analyze thermal damage thresholds. The experimental results are compared to computer simulations for the heat flow taking into account also the thermal effect on the biological structures in the framework of the Arrhenius algorithm. Moreover, the applicability of the system for microscopic cutting is demonstrated.


Over the years, the technology of electronic industry has growth tremendously. Open ended research on how to make a better concept of electronic circuit is ongoing especially on the stretchable electronic devices. There are many designs to achieve stretchability in electronic circuits. The problem occurs when deformation applied to the stretchable electronic circuit, it cannot maintain its functionality. Fracture may happen on the conductor. In this research, the study on deformation of stretchable electronic interconnects substrate using Polydimethlysiloxanes is carried out. The purpose of this research are to study the axial deformation occur, to determine the optimum shape of the conductor designs (horseshoe, rectangular and u-shape design) for the stretchable electronic interconnect and to compare the mechanical properties of Polydimethlysiloxanes (PDMS) with Polyurethane (PU) using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The simulation was done on the FE model of the stretchable circuit with dimension of 2.4 X 2.4 X 0.5 mm. The stretching of the FE model was simulated with the range of elongation at 10, 20 and 30 percent from its original length in order to find the strain value for all three of the conductor designs. The best conductor design is used to simulate with different types of substrate (PDMS and PU). From the simulation result, Horseshoe design record the lowest strain value for each elongation, followed by rectangular and U-shape design. Thus, Horseshoe is considered as the optimum design for the conductor compared to the other two designs. From the result also, it shows that PDMS substrate will offer more maximum allowable stretchability compared to PU substrates. Thus PDMS is considered as a better substrate compare to PU. PDMS is a good material to replace PU since it can perform under tension much better mechanically.


The paper reviews knowledge management in digital business world. Knowledge management has been recognized by various industry sector as the key driver for business growth and a central mechanism for effective collaboration, sharing of knowledge in precise time and a pertinent productive parameter. The first section of the paper provides brief about the knowledge management and how internet and intranet have influenced the working model of business and how it has aided necessary knowledge sharing within an organization. The next section provides highlights about the business and factors that impacted information sharing and productivity in absence of digital influence to knowledge management function followed by how digitization can bring growth. The final section describes the influence of digitization on knowledge management function and studies done on energy and manufacturing sector.It describes how digitization has aided knowledge management and its impact on their business milieu.


1> and Fubini, Gordon and Veneziano 2 > have succeeded in making the factrization theorem for the Veneziano amplitude by using the above concepts. Susskind 3 > has explained the origin of the Veneziano amplitude in terms of B-S like equation for the harmonic oscillators between the quark-antiquark pairs. Further last year (1970) ~ Fairlie and Nielsen 4 > proposed an analogue model by using the functional integral method, and obtained the integrand of Koba Nielsen amplitude. 5 > In order to elucidate the connection of Susskind's or Nielsen's model with the Veneziano amplitude, Hsue, Sakita and Virasoro employed the functional integral method and derived the dual resonance amplitudes (tree, one loop planar, and one-loop non-planar). However they have not explained the origin of the interaction part which reproduces the· Veneziano amplitude. Dirac 7 > had proposed that the action integral method is valid in quantum mechanics in order to connect the classical description to the quantum description. This method was developed by Feynman,


We have constructed a simple physics-based analytical framework for MOSFET device simulation. The suite of models is optimized for "well designed" devices that exhibit sufficient electrostatic integrity. This is assessed by means of an analytical model for drain-induced barrier lowering. Using the developed framework, we have simulated 0.1 μm n-channel MOSFETs fabricated at MIT. The agreement obtained between simulations and experiments suggests the viability of this approach in the sub-0.1 μm regime. This analytical framework could form the basis of a compact and efficient first-order CMOS device design environment that could be used to explore key trade-offs and constraints involved in device design several generations ahead. Such a framework could find applications in roadmap planning, sensitivity analysis, and microelectronics education.


Soybean asian rust (SAR) caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi was confirmed in Argentina for the first time during the 2002-2003 growing season. Then, the disease spread to the Northern and Eastern provinces, reaching the central area of Santa Fe, which is one of the main agricultural areas of the country. However, the disease has been usually detected at the end of the growing season (late March to early April), causing little or no impact on grain and seeds production. The objectives of this study were: i) characterize, molecularly and morphologically, the isolates of P. pachyrhizi from this area; ii) evaluate the effect of two environmental combinations (a typical for the region and other optimal as a control) on the germination of urediniospores in laboratory conditions; and iii) assess the infecting capacity of the inoculum obtained and the disease progress promoted under greenhouse conditions. Morphologic, molecular and pathometric characteristics of uredinia and urediniospores allowed verifying P. pachyrhizi identity. Uredospores exposed to daily temperatures ranging from 35 to 25°C, combined with a photoperiod and humidity conditions similar to those typical of the central area of Santa Fe during the crop cycle, decreased germination and appressoria formation and, consequently, SAR symptoms and uredinia production. These biological and epidemiological features would explain the erratic occurrence of SAR in the central producing area of Santa Fe, Argentina. Therefore, these could be used as references to design crop management strategies aimed at decreasing disease impact in other production areas.


A 64-year-old male patient with prostate hyperplasia accompanied by acute urinary retention received fat-soluble vitamin for injection (Ⅱ) dissolved in 500 mL of 5% glucose injection after plasma kinetic transurethral resection of prostate. One minute later, the patient felt discomfort suddenly, and showed dizziness, somnolence, weak radial artery pulse, cold clammy limbs, skin flush with pruritus. So fat-soluble vitamin for injection (Ⅱ) was discontinued immediately. After 2-3 minutes, he appeared unconsciousness, with blood pressure of 60/40 mmHg and heart rate of 50 beats per minute. It was diagnosed as anaphylactic shock. Receiving antianaphylaxis and symptomatic treatment for one and a half hours, the patient recovered consciousness, and anaphylactic symptoms of skin disappeared.


The invention relates to a peptide that has the ability to bind to a molecule of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, nucleic acids, expression vectors, host cells, in vitro method of producing activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes by application of the peptide activated cytotoxic T- lymphocytes obtained according to said method and the use of peptide expression vector, host cell or activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes as a medicament for the treatment of cancer.


Successful empirical evaluation of removed phosphorus concentration was carried out based on its asbeneficiated content and grain size of iron ore leached in hydrogen peroxide. A two-series natural logarithmic model was derived, validated and then used as a tool for the analysis. The model is expressed as; PR = 0.0038 lnx + lnθ + 1.0882 The validity of the model was found to be rooted on the expression PR 1.0882 = 0.0038 lnx + lnθ where both sides of the expression are correspondingly approximately equal. Statistical analysis of the modelpredicted and experimentally removed phosphorus concentrations for each value of the input ore grain size considered shows standard errors of 4.6 x 10 -4 and 4.53 x 10 -4 % respectively. Furthermore, removed phosphorus concentration per unit ore grain size input as obtained from model-predicted and experimental results were 2.83 x 10 -5 and 2.67 x 10 -5 %/ (μm) respectively. Deviational analysis indicates that the maximum deviation of the model-predicted removed phosphorus concentration (from experimental results) is less than 1.5%. This translates into a confidence level of above 98%.


Aegle marmelos (Bael) is an important medicinal plant which belongs to family Rutaceae. Leaves, fruit, stem, bark of this plant is used because of its medicinal properties like astringent, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, antiinflammatory activities. Compounds purified from A.marmelos have been proven biologically active against various several major diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activities of aqueous extract of A. marmelos and to identify the bioactive compounds by GC-MS analysis. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical, ABTS radical cation, Fe reducing power and phosphomolybdenum reduction assays were carried out for aqueous extract. The maximum DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation scavenging activities were 60.70±4.24% at 300 μg/mL and 95.77±6.70% at 30 μg/mL concentrations. The IC50 values of DPPH ̇ radical and ABTS radical cation scavenging activities were 183.58 μg/mL and 10.81 μg/mL concentration. The maximum reduction of Fe and Mo were 52.05±3.64% and 87.81±6.19% at 120 μg/mL concentration and the IC50 values were 102.83 μg/mL and 32.76 μg/mL concentration. The anticancer activity was carried out by MTT assay method, which showed the IC50 value of 47.92 μg/mL concentration.


Enzymes production and other relevant biomolecules from environmental wastes could be easily enhanced or hindered by slight alterations in the bioprocess. In this study, the impact of pH variations on amylase production by Rhizopus oligosporus during the solid state fermentation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) peels was investigated. After five days of fermentation, the variations in glucose and soluble protein levels of the fermented pineapple peels were also investigated. The results established a notable increase (p<0.05) in the levels of soluble proteins and glucose in the fermented pineapple peels at all the pH values tested (pH 3 to 9); however, while they were highest at pH 3, amylase activity was highest at pH 6. This preliminary study shows that solid state fermented pineapple peels are rich in glucose, soluble proteins and amylase.


Meeting the needs of users requires an understanding of the contexts where they interact with materials. This entry presents an approach for integrating script theory into usability to develop medical materials individuals can use in the settings where they receive or perform healthcare activities. The entry introduces technical communication professionals to script theory and presents mechanisms for using script theory to research patient expectations of and presents usable materials for health and medical contexts.


Solid contact (SC) ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been recognized as the next generation of ISEs. In this work, the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of a carbon nanotube (CNT) tower enable it to play the dual roles of transducer and substrate for micro SC-ISEs. The electrode had a close to Nernstian slope of 35 mV/decade aCa2+, a linear range of four orders of magnitude of calcium ion activity (10−5.6 to 10−1.8 M), and a detection limit of 1.6×10−6 M. The simplified fabrication by a one-step drop casting makes miniaturizing SC-ISEs and fabricating sensor arrays easier to achieve.


The effect of climate change on wheat grown under sprinkler irrigation was studied using previous data of two growing seasons (2008/09 and 2009/10); these data were used to calibrate CropSyst model. Furthermore, a field experiment was conducted at El-Giza Governorate in 2010/11 growing season; the data of this experiment (2010/11 season) was used to validate the CropSyst model. The treatments of the validation experiment composed of two wheat cultivars (Sakha 93 and Giza 168) and four irrigation treatments (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc). Two climate change scenarios (A2 and B2) were used to assess the consequences of climate change on wheat yield in 2060. A new irrigation schedule developed by Basic Irrigation Schedule (BIS) model was used to improve water productivity under climate change conditions. The results showed that CropSyst model was able to predict wheat yield with high degree of accuracy for both calibration and validation procedures. The results also indicated that, in general, the yield of both cultivars will be decrease under climate change; however the reduction was lower for Sakha 93, as compared with Giza 168. The application of the new irrigation schedule under climate change conditions increased water productivity under the two climate change scenarios, compared with irrigation amount resulted from 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc, for both wheat cultivars. Moreover, Sakha 93 gave the highest water productivity. Our results suggested that if we want to reduce yield losses for wheat under climate change conditions and increase water productivity, Sakha 93 should be cultivated and BIS model should be used to schedule irrigation. (M. A. A. Abdrabbo, Samiha Ouda 2


The agroecological market of UFBA responds demand of the population for healthy food.Although the main motivation of Agroecology is to rearrange and manage agroecosystems,Agroecology also stimulates change of society values and forms of organization. Every week,in addition to the commercialization of agroecological production, the market offers conversations(Bate Papo), yoga, live music, massage, workshops and a bazar. The work group thatis formed by undergraduate students, is organized into commissions. A commission registersand organizes the producers and merchants; Another defines logistic support for stands; Anotherdoes the photographic documentation and advertising and still has the commission thatorganizes related events. These activities improve the integral formation of the students itsorganizational capacity and initiative. The agroecological market encourages the constructionof participatory citizenship and the recognition of fair and solidary relations. Our market hasbeen a success, reaching their goals.


In a recent Letter (Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 040401 (2012)), G. Puentes, N. Hermosa and J. P. Torres report a scheme for extracting higher-order weak values by using orbital-angular momentum states as pointer states. They claim that such weak values are inaccessible with a Gaussian pointer state only. In this Comment, we show that the Gaussian pointer state by itself can provide access to the higher-order weak value, if suitable pointer displacement is observed.


Introduction C.P. Rao Conceptual Issues: Cultural differences in consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence: the role of individualism, Mehdi Mourali, Michel Laroche, Frank Pons Examining the relationship between personal cultural values and desired benefits: a cross national study, Adel A. Al-Weqaiyan, Carol F. Suprenant Consumption as a function of ethnic identification and acculturation, Michael Hui Michele Laroche, Chankon Kim Methodological Issues: The effects of extreme response styles on a Likert response format in cross-cultural research, Irvine Clark III Methodological issues in ethnic consumer survey research: changing consumer demographics and implications, William K. Darley, Jerome D. Williams Majority Versus Minority Consumer Behaviour: assessing the cross-cultural stability of Servuqual in a multicultural market: the case of Canadian and Hong Kong immigrant banking customers, Colleen Collins-Dodd, Maben Fung Direct marketing of shopping centres: the influence of ethnic background on intention to respond, Victoria A. Seitz, Wei Wu A family level measure of acculturation for Chinese immigrants, Michele Laroche, Chankom Kim, Marc A. Tomiuk Ethnic Consumer behaviours: psycho-cultural profile of Asian immigrants: implications for marketing initiatives, Bina Raval, Dinker Rava Consumer behaviour in East/West cultures: implications for marketing a consumer durable, Patricia M. Anderson, Xiaohong He Organizational cultures and relationships: service management effectiveness and organizational culture modification of the competing values models, Michele Paulin, Ronald J. Ferguson, Marielle Payaud Cross-cultural importer-exporter relationship model, J.B. Ha Global Consumer Diversity: The marketing challenge of multiculturalism: an exploratory study, Sonny Nwankwo, Joseph Aiyeku, Alphonso Ogbuehi Multicultural marketing in Australia, Alvin M. Chan Facets, Dimensions and gaps of consumer satisfaction: an empirical analysis of Korean consumers, Keun S. Lee, Mi-Ae Kwak Index.