Sodium proton antiporters (or sodium proton exchangers [NHEs]) are a critical family of membrane proteins that exchange sodium for protons across cell membranes. In yeast and plants, their primary function is to keep the sodium concentration low inside the cytoplasm. One class of NHE constitutively expressed in yeast is the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter, and another class is expressed on the endosomal/vacuolar membrane. At present, four bacterial plasma membrane antiporter structures are known and nuclear magnetic resonance structures are available for the membrane spanning transmembrane helices of mammalian and yeast NHEs. Additionally, a vast amount of mutational data are available on the role of individual amino acids and critical motifs involved in transport. We combine this information to obtain a more detailed picture of the yeast NHE plasma membrane protein and review mechanisms of transport, conserved motifs, unique residues important in function, and regulation of these proteins. The Na+/H+ antiporter of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, SpNHE1, is an interesting model protein in an easy to study system and is representative of fungal Na+/H+ antiporters. © IUBMB Life, 70(1):23–31, 2018


Timothy Oluwaseyi BAMGBOSE (  firstname.lastname@example.com ) Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Malaria Research https://orcid.org/00000002-7589-0621 Swati Sinha ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research: National Institute of Malaria Research Isa O. Abdullahi Ahmadu Bello University Helen I. Inabo Ahmadu Bello University Mohammed Bello Ahmadu Bello University Lokesh D. Kori ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research: National Institute of Malaria Research Elmer N. Ametefe University of Ghana Anupkumar R. Anvikar ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research: National Institute of Malaria Research


Significance Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus that is 100 times more infectious than HIV. Despite the availability of a vaccine, the chronic infection rate of this virus is still over 250 million people globally. HBV chronic infection, for which no cure is currently available, can lead to liver cancer. Therefore, there is an unmet need to investigate the infection cycle of the virus. One of the most crucial steps in the virus-replication cycle is the release of its genetic material to the nucleus. During this step, the viral capsid enclosing the genetic material disassembles. However, its mechanism is unknown. Here, we utilize molecular simulations to shed light on the events leading to the capsid disassembly with atomistic detail. The disassembly of a viral capsid leading to the release of its genetic material into the host cell is a fundamental step in viral infection. In hepatitis B virus (HBV), the capsid consists of identical protein monomers that dimerize and then arrange themselves into pentamers or hexamers on the capsid surface. By applying atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to an entire solvated HBV capsid subjected to a uniform mechanical stress protocol, we monitor the capsid-disassembly process and analyze the process down to the level of individual amino acids in 20 independent simulation replicas. The strain of an isotropic external force, combined with structural fluctuations, causes structurally heterogeneous cracks to appear in the HBV capsid. Analysis of the monomer–monomer interfaces reveals that, in contrast to the expectation from purely mechanical considerations, the cracks mainly occur within hexameric sites, whereas pentameric sites remain largely intact. Only a small subset of the capsid protein monomers, different in each simulation, are engaged in each instance of disassembly. We identify specific residues whose interactions are most readily lost during disassembly; R127, I139, Y132, N136, A137, and V149 are among the hot spots at the interfaces between dimers that lie within hexamers, leading to disassembly. The majority of these hot-spot residues are conserved by evolution, hinting to their importance for disassembly by avoiding overstabilization of capsids.


Suppose $G$ is a graph, $A(G)$ its adjacency matrix, and $μ_1(G), μ_2(G), \cdots, μ_n(G)$ are eigenvalues of $A(G)$. The numbers $S_k(G) = \sum_{i=1}^n μ^k_i(G)$, $0 \leq k \leq n − 1$, are said to be the k−th spectral moment of $G$ and the sequence $S(G) = (S_0(G), S_1(G), \sdots, S_{n−1}(G))$ is called the spectral moments sequence of $G$. For two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$, we define $G_1 \leq_S G_2$, if there exists an integer $k$, $1 \leq k \leq n − 1$, such that for each $i$, $0 \leq i \leq k − 1$, $S_i(G_1) = S_i(G_2)$ and $S_k(G_1) < S_k(G_2)$. The I−graph $I(n, j, k)$ is a graph of order $2n$ with the vertex and edge sets $V(I(n, j, k) = \{u_0, u_1, \cdots, u_{n−1}, v_0, v_1, \cdots, v_{n−1}\}$, $E(I(n, j, k) = \{u_iu{u+j}, u_iv_i, v_iv_{i+k} ; 0 \leq i \leq n − 1\}$, respectively. The aim of this paper is to compute the spectrum of an arbitrary I−graph and the extremal I−graphs with respect to the S−order.


Musicology was advanced and studied in the eighties of twentieth. The workers of music considered its reasonable constructing way. Now,The reseach of musicologcal types has been in right way and carrrying out its function through the musicological types ambit and classify.Especially for the research of imagination of methodlogy,it is worthy to speak out the articles of YuanJingfang's Researching the musi coloyical types which is beneficient for the total recognition of traditional Chinese cultural craft;and it is good for the research of theory and arrangement of cultural system;And also it is helpful to the building of traditional Chinese musicology. But at the present the most lack is to research musicological types from cultural anthropology.


The article describes a new type of Olympiad in informatics, its goals and objectives, as well as ways to achieve these goals. Examples of author's tasks are given both to test the knowledge of school informatics and knowledge of information technologies, and to test the logical and algorithmic thinking of the participants in the Olympiad. Special attention in the article is paid to the principles of selecting types of tasks in information technologies for the correspondence and intramural rounds of the Olympiad, the construction of the tasks themselves, and the features of their verification. The authors discuss their experience in conducting such Olympiads and give some recommendations for conducting both correspondence and intramural rounds of the Olympiad for applicants. The material will be useful to the organizers of similar Olympiads, as well as informatics teachers, methodologists, schoolchildren and students.


Communication in culture, society, economy and politics makes the study of Russian as a foreign language (RFL) to be necessary. In this perspective, the teaching of Russian as a foreign language nowadays is one of the most popular disciplines among foreign students coming to study in Russia. Any large university has it on the curriculum. One of the most questionable dilemmas in teaching Russian as a foreign language is to use mediator language or not? This problem is considered to be not insufficiently studied in the pedagogical area, nevertheless such researchers as Vinogradov V.S., Alekseeva I.S., Jakobson R.O., Stathopoulou M. and others have made a great contribution to the study of this issue. The purpose of the research is to resolve this dilemma in order to remove the doubts and to help practicing teachers. The majority of all incoming foreign students in Russia are from China, so it was decided to check the hypothesis that Russian is better learnt as a foreign without mediator language by Chinese students studying at the University in Kazan. English was chosen as a "mediator" as it is the language of international communication all over the world. During 3 months 2 groups were taught, in one group English was used as "mediator", in other group Russian language was taught using the total immersion method. The results of the test were processed by methods of mathematical statistics and it was definitely proved that the hypothesis advanced above was correct. The results of the research can be used in determining the better way of teaching RFL or any foreign language in the situation when mother tongue of the teacher and the students are different, and teacher is a native speaker of the target language.


Community paradigm of education has changed, one of the things that changes the learning paradigm is the application of cooperation between parents and teachers in learning. Applying the pattern of teacher and parent relations in education at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri in Aceh Tamiang, is a relationship pattern that can establish communication between teachers and parents in education in MAN ManyakPayed and MAN Kualasimpang. This study aims to determine the roles and functions,  form of communication, shared responsibility, form of cooperation,  form of effort between teachers and parents in MAN ManyakPayed and MAN Kualasimpang in Aceh Tamiang. This research uses qualitative approach. Subjects in this study were teachers and parents at MAN Aceh Tamiang. As for data collection techniques in this study include observation and interviews. Furthermore, Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that the role and function of teachers and parents as partners, guide, direct and supervise. Form of communication is by through an official letter from the school and a visit to the home of his parents in order to know the true condition of the students. The efforts of teachers and parents in MAN   and MAN Kualasimpang provide motivation to learn, create a harmonious atmosphere in the family, providing for the needs of children.


In this paper, we proposed a practical methodology of HFNS (high fanout net synthesis) to use buffer insertion which has been applied in the fields. First, we proposed consideration to execute HFNS and detail techniques for it. Next we proposed post-process method which is necessary to obtain success of HFNS. The buffer-insertion based method for HFNS is a kind of popular technique, but we targeted a practical and commercial aspect of HHNS.


This article starts by analyzing the concept of Due Process and its scope over the administrative procedures. Also, the concept of the Right to Evidence, as an element of Due Process, is explained. Then, an analysis of the relationship between the supervisory procedures and the Due Process is developed, in order to check whether if its requirements are fulfilled by the Public Administration in order to obtain a Valid Evidence after a monitoring or an inspection. Finally, the analysis is focused on the actions of the Peruvian Regulatory Agencies, specifically, during the issuing of an Inspection Report after a Supervisory Procedure.


inscription on a physician's cylinder-seal, for instance, differs entirely from that given in this paper. Nevertheless, Dr. von Oefele evidently has an excellent knowledge of the tablets bearing upon the medical knowledge of the Babylonians and Assyrians. He refers to the opinions of the ancient Sumerians (Akkadians) with regard to the human body. The seat of understanding was the heart, the body is designated as "flesh," and the blood is the life of the body. The central organ for the blood, however, was the liver. " Heart and liver " was used to the latest times for " soul and body." The central organ of the will is the ear. Arterial blood and veinous blood were distinguished. As some of these points are not universally accepted, a few extracts giving examples of these ideas would have added greatly to the value of this part of the paper. With regard to the expressions for arterial and veinous blood, however, it may be noted that they were not " blood of the day (?) " and "blood of the night (?)," but "light blood" and "dark blood " respectively. T. G. P.


[Objective] In order to study the impact law on percentage loss of air-and-screen cleaning device.[Method] With fan rotational speed,fan rake angle,crank rotational speed as experiment factors,percentage loss as the evaluation index,experimental study on the cleaning test-bed was carried out.[Result] The regression model was obtained.[Conclusion] The main influencing factors were concluded,which will provide basis for design and manufacture of cleaning device.


Background: Pain management with opioids and underutilization of prophylaxis for constipation can prolong a patient's hospital length of stay and impede pain management efforts. Problem: In pediatric postoperative cardiac patients, opioid therapy is a common approach to pain management but often places them at greater risk for constipation due to anatomy and age. Methods: A retrospective review of 50 patients' medical records for baseline data was conducted, and a survey evaluated providers' current knowledge and practice. Interventions: The intervention was an electronic order set that provided decision support. Additionally, prophylactic measures were supported by a validated assessment tool that created a common language to report constipation risk. Results: Although not statistically significant, postintervention data demonstrated a 21.5% decrease in postoperative constipation and a 57% increase in ordered bowel regimens. Conclusion: More focus is needed toward prophylactic bowel regimens to reduce the risk in this already high-risk population.


Many studies for improving the phase noise characteristic are based on evaluating the characteristics of designed circuit. Because the oscillator acts as a nonlinear positive feedback circuit, it is difficult to expect the oscillation frequency and the amplitude accurately. Then, we proposed the Fr oscillator circuit which satisfied the impedance matching requirement. The effective approach can be examined because it is thought that the behavior of the element in the oscillator circuit can be understood by the open circuit of this circuit. This paper describes that the characteristic of the open circuit of the Fr oscillator is corresponding to it of the closed circuit well.


To solve the problem of difficulty in practicing criticism in grass roots Party's organization, we should enhance our recognition first, and then instruct Party members to increase their consciousness of criticism and self-criticism, establish criticism and self-criticism system, and complete the Party members supervision system. Leaders should settle examples and carry forward the Party's excellent style of working.


Language Teaching Research (LTR) is entering its twentieth year. To mark this anniversary, the next five issues of the 2016 volume will each feature – in addition to the regular research articles – an invited review of a thread of research in the domain of language teaching to which this journal has made a substantial contribution over the years. LTR was launched in 1997 because there was a clear demand for a journal with a tight focus on applied linguistics research with direct relevance for language teaching. This demand has continued to grow, and efforts have needed to be made to meet that growing demand. To illustrate, LTR had three issues per year at the start, but to cater for the steady increase in high-quality manuscript submissions it was necessary to turn the journal first (in 2005) into a quarterly and later (in 2015) into a bi-monthly journal. To illustrate more, while the 1997 volume had 273 pages, the 2015 volume had 760; the 1997 volume included 10 research articles; the 2015 volume had 35. That so many researchers consider LTR a desirable venue for their work is also evidenced by the sheer number of article submissions. For example, in the mere 10 months between January and November 2015, we received no fewer than 320 new article submissions and 65 re-submissions. Obviously, even a bi-monthly journal can accommodate only a fraction of these, and so, unsurprisingly, the acceptance rate for LTR is currently only about 6%. Indeed, as journal editors we now often face the difficult task, following our initial in-house review, of informing authors of high-quality papers that we have to reject their submission because we need to give strict priority to studies that match the profile of LTR as closely as possible. Given this context, it is worth taking stock to ascertain that the journal is still fulfilling the mission that was laid out for it at its inception. Let's therefore re-visit the principal characteristics of LTR that were outlined by Keith Johnson, the first editor-in-chief of the journal, in his inaugural editorial (Johnson, 1997), and see whether these also characterize this year's volume. The first point in that mission statement by Johnson is that 'LTR is first and foremost a journal about language teaching. This does not of course mean that it will ignore


It has been uncertain what types of erythematous gastric mucosa are produced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infection. We therefore design the present study to identify the type of erythematous mucosa associated with H. pylori-infection. A total of 590 consecutive Japanese patients (mean age 58.7 years, 185 men and 405 women) referred to our hospital for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were recruited in this study. We assessed endoscopically the type of gastric mucosal erythema, including spotty erythema, haemorrhagic erosion, reddish streaks, and raised erosion. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by a positive endoscopic 13C-urea breath test (e-UBT). Of the 402 H. pylori-positive subjects, spotty erythemas in the corpus were found in 177 (44.0%), haemorrhagic erosions in 26 (6.5%), reddish streaks in the antrum in 21 (5.2%) and in the corpus in 10 (2.5%), and raised erosions in the antrum in 58 (14.4%) and in the corpus in 4 (1.0%). For spotty erythema in the upper body, sensitivity was 44.0%, specificity was 92.6% for H. pylori infection. Seventy-two (86.7%) of 83 patients with antral reddish streaks and 65 (52.8%) of 123 patients with antral raised erosions had H. pylori-negative e-UBT. Spotty erythema in the corpus was one of most frequent endoscopic findings reflecting H. pylori infection. In contrast, antral reddish streaks and raised erosions were likely to indicate the absence of H. pylori.


Objective To explore the application value of programmed methods in caring the postoperative patients in Orthopedics Department based on Modified Early Warning Score(MEWS).Methods The postoperative patients in Orthopedics Department were randomly divided into control group(n=110) and experiment group(n=109).The control group received traditional monitoring methods according to medical orders,while the experiment group received programmed monitoring methods which were designed based on MEWS.The differences of accident event rate,mortality within 30 days,rate of transferring to ICU,average staying time and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results The accident event rate,mortality within 30 days,rate of transferring to ICU of the experiment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P0.05).The average staying time in the experiment group was significantly less than that in the control group(P0.05).The patient satisfaction in the experiment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The programmed methods based on MEWS have good application value in caring the postoperative patients and reducing the risks of the patients.It is also beneficial to the cooperation between doctors and nurses.It can improve patient satisfaction and enhance nurses′ sense of active service.


Managers require effective methods for forecasting the impacts of introduced species, so that invasion threats can be prioritized. An emerging tool for invasive species risk assessment is the systematic comparison of the functional response (the relationship between predation rate and prey density) of native and invasive species. This approach is based on the assumption that species that have higher resource consumption rates will be more disruptive to food webs. Here, I use functional response analysis to examine the influence of biotic interactions on per capita effects of two congeneric North American crayfishes (Orconectes limosus and O. virilis) that have extensive invasion histories throughout this continent and in Europe. By experimental testing geographically disparate populations, I found intraspecific variation in the functional response curves and maximum feeding rates. A second set of experiments compared O. limosus and O. virilis from their respective native and invaded ranges, and from populations that are sympatric and allopatric with one another; these experiments further revealed interspecific and intraspecific variation in functional responses. Finally, I tested the effects of perceived competitors on the functional responses of both crayfishes. The presence of conspecific and heterospecific crayfish suppressed the maximum feeding rate of O. limosus, but they had no effect on the feeding rate of O. virilis. I conclude that source population and interspecific interactions mediate per capita effects, and possibly the overall impact, of introduced crayfishes. My results caution against the use of single populations in conducting invasive species risk assessments. %%%%Pour determiner les priorites d'actions lors de la gestion des especes exotique envahissantes, les gestionnaires de la faune ont un reel besoin d'outils efficaces pour predire les effets de ces introductions. La comparaison systematique des reponses fonctionnelles (la relation entre la densite de proies disponibles et le taux de consommation de ces proies) entre les especes indigenes et les especes exotiques envahissantes, s'avere un outil de plus en plus commun pour evaluer les menaces et des risques associees aux especes exotiques envahissantes. Cette approche est toutefois fondee sur la premisse que les especes qui consomment davantage de ressources ont un plus grand impact sur le reseau trophique de la communaute hote. Dans cet article j'analyse les reponses fonctionnelles pour examiner l'influence des interactions biotiques sur les effets per capita de deux congeneres ayant un historique d'invasion en Amerique du Nord et en Europe soit l'ecrevisse a epines (Orconectes limosus) et l'ecrevisse a pinces bleues (Orconectes virilis). L'etude experimentale de populations geographiquement distinctes revele une variation intraspecifique des courbes de reponses fonctionnelles et du taux maximal de consommation de proies. Les resultats d'une deuxieme serie de tests comparant O. limosus et O. virilis provenant de leur aire de repartition…


This paper introduces a modified particle swarm optimizer (PSO) called the Multi-Species Particle Swarm Optimizer (MSPSO) for locating all the global minima of multi-modal functions. MSPSO extend the original PSO by dividing the particle swarm spatially into a multiple cluster called a species in a multi-dimensional search space. Each species explores a different area of the search space and tries to find out the global or local optima of that area. We test our MSPSO for several multi-modal functions with multiple global optima. Our MSPSO can successfully locate all the global optima of all the test functions, and in particular, can locate all 18 global optima of the two-dimensional Shubert function. We also examined how the performance of MSPSO depends on various algorithm parameters.


We are living in a time when a particular viewpoint of teaching and learning is fashionable. Followers of Twitter will be familiar with the 'debates' – this month's analysis of the latest news in t...


Absolute differential cross sections (DCSs) are reported for charge-transfer scattering of (1-5)-keV O + ( 4 S) ground-state and O + ( 2 D, 2 P) metastable-state ions by helium atoms at angles between 0.2° and 6.3° in the laboratory frame. Estimated ground-state and metastable-state total cross sections are derived from these measurements. The present ground-state cross sections agree satisfactorily with previous measurements for energies above 2 keV and the metastable-state cross sections are consistent with the mixed-state data of Kusakabe et al. [J. Phys. Soc. Japan 59, 1987 (1990)]. The large differences between the ground- and metastable-state cross sections predicted by theory are not observed.


Revised edition. "The onion thrips, a minute, prolific insect almost invisible to the unaided eye, is the most serious menace to the onion-growing industry throughout the whole United States.... The thrips preys upon cabbage, cauliflower, and similar plants, cucumber, melons, and other vine crops, and most other garden and truck crops, though it is more injurious to some than to others. It is injurious to roses and some other ornamentals and to greenhouse plants. It also breeds upon a large variety of weeds. Clean farming and proper crop rotation help to control the pest. Spraying with nicotine sulphate solutions has proved the most effective treatment. This bulletin gives directions for this work, with illustrations showing the outfits most effective under differing conditions." -- p. 2


A nonlinear analog modulation scheme, Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM), is highly amenable to fiber optic transmission, attaining performance characteristics which are attractive in the context of fiber optic tether cables between undersea vehicles and their support platforms. PFM, contrasted with traditional fiber optic modulation techniques, is shown to exhibit superior characteristics for video bandwidth, long haul transmission. A specific hardware realization which employs PFM is presented, and its operating characteristics discussed.


Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the effect of heating and pepsin hydrolysis on the allergenicity of purified cow's milk ß-lactoglobulin using individual sera from Moroccan population.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Hospitals of Fez-Meknes region, to evaluate specific IgE to raw cow milk, as well as to heated and pepsin-hydrolyzed β-lactoglobulin.

Findings
Results showed that 6.6 per cent of studied patients presented high values of serial IgE. The effect of treatments on the allergenicity of ß-lactoglobulin showed that heating at 90°C and pepsin hydrolysis, for 1 h each, showed an important decrease in the recognition of human IgE with a maximum of reduction of 81 and 91 per cent, respectively.

Originality/value
This reduction of immunoreactivity of human IgE to treated ß-lactoglobulin suggested that this Moroccan population recognized mostly conformational epitopes.


In 1921 Marcel Mauss published from manuscript and with notes of his own the last lecture of a course on the family which Émile Durkheim had given at the University of Bordeaux in 1892. This article is an edited English translation, with an introduction by the American editor, of this historical document-one of the earliest indications of the direction some of Durkheim's later work was to take and an early contribution to the sociology of the family in its own right.


For several decades, researchers from different communities have independently focused on protecting confidentiality of data. Two distinct technologies have emerged for such purposes: Mandatory Access Control (MAC) and Information-Flow Control (IFC)—the former belonging to operating systems (OS) research, while the latter to the programming languages community. These approaches restrict how data gets propagated within a system in order to avoid information leaks. In this scenario, Haskell plays a unique privileged role: it is able to protect confidentiality via libraries. This pearl presents a monadic API which statically protects confidentiality even in the presence of advanced features like exceptions, concurrency, and mutable data structures. Additionally, we present a mechanism to safely extend the library with new primitives, where library designers only need to indicate the read and write effects of new operations.


This substrate processing apparatus, and the carrier support and, when subjected to a predetermined process on a substrate and a substrate support mechanism for supporting a substrate, a carrier supported on the carrier support and the substrate support mechanism for supporting the carrier to receive the substrate is between including a substrate transport mechanism for transporting the substrate in. the substrate holding mechanism, when the supporting substrate has a first substrate contact member in contact with the substrate, at least the substrate contact portion of the first substrate contact member is included addition of the conductive, and it is the conductive portion to ground. the substrate transport mechanism, when transferring a substrate having a second substrate contact member in contact with the substrate, at least the substrate contact portion of the second substrate contact member It is included addition of the conductive, and it is the conductive portion to ground. A substrate processing apparatus, the induction charging, the carrier, the indexer, the conductive member


In order to research the saccharification process of straw and screen efficient saccharification microflora,especially to solve the problem about the capability assessment of cellulose saccharification,a mixed strain was selected by serial dilution method. A new method is proposed,in which the mixed strain and high efficient H2-producing strain are put in different chambers for hydrogen production culture with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation to evaluate the capability of cellulose saccharification by the amount of glucose consumed for producing hydrogen. The results show that the use of serial dilution switching methods can screen a high efficient saccharification microflora JY665,and the bacterial hydrogen production volume and the amount of reducing sugars can be fitted as a regression curve. By calculating,the maximum reducing sugar yield can reach 0. 515 0 g/g-straw for the complex strains JY,and the straw degradation rate reaches 61. 06% .


Abstract We call into question the idea that birds have not evolved unique physiological adaptations to desert environments. The rate at which desert larks metabolize energy is lower than in mesic species within the same family, and this lower rate of living translates into a lower overall energy requirement in the wild. We argue that selection has reduced oxygen consumption at the tissue level under basal conditions for birds living in deserts. We document that total evaporative water loss—the sum of cutaneous water loss (CWL) and respiratory water loss—is reduced in desert birds, and present evidence that changes in CWL are responsible for this pattern. The diminution in CWL is attributable to changes in the lipid structure of the stratum corneum of the skin, the physical barrier to diffusion of water vapor. Finally, we show linkages between physiology and life-history attributes of larks along an aridity gradient; birds from deserts have not only a reduced rate of metabolism but also a small clutch size and slow nestling development. Hence, attributes of physiology are correlated with traits that directly affect reproductive success. Our hope is that we will prompt students to question the notion that birds do not possess physiological adaptations to the desert environment, and raise the specter of doubt about "preadaptation" in birds living in deserts.


Metal 1 sidewall polymer contamination was investigated in wafer fabrication. SEM and EDX techniques were used to identify the root cause. After metal 1 etching, particle contamination was found on metal 1 lines. Cross sectional SEM results showed the contamination was at the side of the metal lines. EDX results showed that C and Cl elements were detected. Failure analysis results indicated that the contamination was most likely sidewall polymer introduced during metal etching. Further fab investigation found that the sidewall polymer contamination was due to gas flow drifting from set point during metal etches. The solution is that the mass flow control is calibrated using two set points (at 30 and 60 sccm). This new calibration procedure was able to detect the MFC linearity problem. After implementing the two point calibration method, the sidewall polymer contamination was eliminated.


CoBPcN6 was synthesized by using trimellitic anhydride,pyromellitic dianhydride,urea,CoCl2·6H2O as starting materials and ammonium molybdate as catalyst in BPBF4,and then hydrolysed to CoBPcC6 under alkaline conditions.The products were characterized by IR and UV-Vis、1HNMR and elementary analysis,etc.The main factors which affect the yield of CoBPcN6 were investigated by the orthogonal test.The results indicate that the optimal conditions are as follows:BPBF4 60 mL,n(PMDA)/n(urea)=50,reaction temperature 200 ℃,reaction time 2 h.Compared with the conventional liquid phase,it not only avoids the environmental pollution caused by the use of conventional organic solvents,but also can be used repeatedly without reducing the activity.


Achieving effective manipulation of emission color in photoresponsive materials is crucial for various advanced photonic applications. In this study, we designed and synthesized a hydrazone compound 1, ethyl (Z)-2-(2-([2,2':6',2''-terpyridin]-4'-yl)hydrazineylidene)-2-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)acetate, which possesses a push-pull structure incorporating triphenylamine and terpyridine. The emission intensity of compound 1 can be repeatedly switched "off" and "on" by irradiation with visible light and UV light, which induces the isomerization transition between the Z and E forms. In addition, compound 1 is capable of changing its emission wavelength from 540 nm to 607 nm through coordination with different zinc salts in toluene/CH2Cl2 mixture (v:v = 1:1). Importantly, we have successfully achieved dynamic manipulation of fluorescence color and intensity by altering the counterions of zinc complexes and switching the isomer from Z to E. Moreover, both compound 1 and its zinc complexes demonstrate remarkable photoswitchable properties with different fluorescence colors in the thin films. Finally, these films with various fluorescence colors were used for the production of luminescent tags.


This paper analyses the impact of granularity at the production of ammonium molybdate,focus on the potassium-mixing affected the granularity of ammonium molybdate,by the mixing process to achieve the effective control of granularity.


We explore the possible evolutionary status of the primary component of the binary 85 Pegasi, listed as a target for asteroseismic observations by the MOST satellite. In spite of the assessed 'subdwarf' status, and of the accurate distance determination from the Hipparcos data, the uncertainties in the metallicity and age, coupled with the uncertainty in the theoretical models, lead to a range of predictions on the oscillation frequency spectrum. Nevertheless, the determination of the ratio between the small separation in frequency modes, and the large separation as suggested by Roxburgh, provides a very good measure of the star age, quite independent of the metallicity in the assumed uncertainty range. In this range, the constraint on the dynamical mass and the further constraint provided by the assumption that the maximum age is 14 Gyr limits the mass of 85 Peg A to the range from 0.75 to 0.82 M� . This difference of a few hundredths of a solar mass leads to well detectable differences both in the evolutionary stage (age) and in the asteroseismic properties. We show that the age determination which will be possible through the asteroseismic measurements for this star is independent either of the convection model adopted or the microscopic metal diffusion. The latter conclusion is strengthened by the fact that, although metal diffusion is still described in an approximate way, recent observations suggest that real stars suffer a smaller metal sedimentation compared with the models. Ke yw ords: stars: asteroseismology ‐ stars: binaries: general ‐ stars: structure.


The present work was aimed to optimize different bio-physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, additional carbon source, Nacl and biomass concentration for enhancing decolourisation of Congo Red, an Azo Dye by Aspergillus species isolated from the textile effluent amended soils. Our primary investigations revealed that the process of decolourisation was concomitant with the exponential growth phase of the fungi. The maximum extent of Congo Red decolourisation was recorded at 40 o C temperature, pH-6, and at 0-0.5% Nacl concentration. The addition of 2% glucose as a co-substrate to the culture medium increased the rate of decolourisation by fungi than the addition of starch and mannitol, which may be attributed to the generation of redox equivalents (electron donors) as a result of glucose metabolism. Further, the raised mycelial biomass concentration on incubation exhibited much rapid decolourisation of culture media, thus confirming biosorption, as a promising way of decolourising textile effluents.


This study was focused on the optimization of electrical, optical and structural properties of Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) annealed from the range of 300°C to 600°C under argon and oxygen gas environment. The samples were annealed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Among all the annealed sample, the optimized sample had the lowest resistivity of 2.34×10 Ω/cm. The transmittance of the optimized sample achieved over 80% in visible spectrum. Hall measurement, spectrophotometer and x-ray diffraction measurement were adopted to examine the electrical, optical and structural properties of the samples. The crystallinity, carrier concentration and mobility had been enhanced in the annealing process, which had compensated the deficiency of sputtering condition of the as-grown samples. The investigation revealed that the substrate temperature and oxygen flow ratio in sputtering process played an indispensable role on electrical, optical and structural properties. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This document is downloaded from Outstanding Academic Papers by Students (OAPS), Run Run Shaw Library, City University of Hong Kong.


Objective To compare two methods-enzyme digestion with tissue culture-for culture retinal Muller cells in rat.Methods The retinas of three-day old Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were isolated,and chopped into small fragments and cultured in vitro by means of enzyme digestion or tissue culture.Muller cells were purified with mechanical shaking when the medium being replaced.The two cultural methods were compared in terms of cell morphology,cell proliferation and positive rate of immunocytochemical stain.Results More Muller cells were harvested from enzyme digestion than that from tissue culture(t=2.264,P0.05),with shorter time spent.No significant differences were noted between the two groups with regard to rate of Muller cell proliferation and positive rate of immunocytochemical stain(P0.05).Conclusion The enzyme digestion is a high-performance method for culture of retinal Muller cells in rat.


The effect of time of sowing on the growth and yield of mungbean varieties (Vigna radiata var. aureus) was examined during summer in a warm humid coastal climate at Camden, New South Wales (latitude 34¦s). Four varieties, Pusa Baisakhi, Berken, S8, and M4 were grown in a split-plot randomized complete block experiment with six replicates. Main plot treatments were three times of sowing (October 28, December 8 and January 19); varieties were on sub-plots. Berken, a current commercial cultivar, attained the highest grain yield, at the October sowing, of 1.5 t ha-1 in 97 days from sowing. S8 attained a yield of 1.4 t ha-1 at the October sowing in 103 days, but was susceptible to lodging, disease and pest attack. Pusa reached its highest grain yield (1.1 t ha-1) at the December sowing in 91 days. Although the grain yield of M4 was the lowest, its top dry matter yield of 5.1 t ha-1 at the December sowing indicates its promise as a forage crop.


The national Excellent Curriculum's Building is a systematical work,which is the basis for the specialty building and subject building.It's the important component of universities' teaching quality and teaching reforming engineering.In the education of the students,curriculum is the important carrier of students' knowledge,abilities and competency training.It plays an important role in realizing the talents' training target.The article gives a summingup and dissertation of JIT's Excellent Curriculum's Building of the National Excellent Curriculum Animation Movement Regulation.


We present a family of data-reusing and affine projection algorithms. For identification of a noisy linear finite impulse response channel, a partial knowledge of a channel, especially noise, can be used to improve the performance of the adaptive filter. Motivated by this fact, the proposed scheme incorporates an estimate of a knowledge of noise. A constraint, called the adaptive noise constraint, estimates an unknown information of noise. By imposing this constraint on a cost function of data-reusing and affine projection algorithms, a cost function based on the adaptive noise constraint and Lagrange multiplier is defined. Minimizing the new cost function leads to the adaptive noise constrained (ANC) data-reusing and affine projection algorithms. Experimental results comparing the proposed schemes to standard data-reusing and affine projection algorithms clearly indicate their superior performance. Keywords—Data-reusing, affine projection algorithm, error constraint, system identification.


Most persons recognize that a free enterprise system will survive only as long as competition keeps business energies within socially desirable channels. Business mergers are a worrisome public problem because some mergers are destructive of competition, while others promote competition.' A large proportion are innocuous, yet whole industries have been transformed by the accretion of scores of small mergers that individually seemed to be only of slight consequence. For these reasons, and others also, it is difficult to assess the long-run significance of the stream of merger reports in the press. Some reported mergers are never consummated, while others more logically are viewed as divestitures of isolated assets or isolated segments of a large company's business. Still other announced mergers are not mergers at all, inasmuch as the companies involved already were under common control. One index of the impact of mergers on a particular sector of the economy is the percentage of the largest companies at some past date that subsequently disappeared as a result of mergers.2 For manufacturing, newspaper publication excepted, such a list is available for the i,ooi largest companies on December 3I, I950. With slight modifications, this is the list of i,ooo largest companies identified in the Federal Trade Commission's "Report on Industrial Concentration and Product Diversification in the I,000 Largest Manufacturing Companies: I950."1 3 In restricting the scope of the Commission's list to exclude newspapers, for which adequate information is lacking, it is necessary to delete three companies for which newspaper publication was the principal business. Two other companies are deleted because they appear to have been part of another enterprise with which they subsequently merged.4 The five deletions are offset by the addition of six companies which were overlooked.5 After giving effect to these changes it is possible to report the experience of the I99 largest manufacturing companies, the next largest 302 manufacturing companies, and the next largest 500 manufacturing companies. The smallest company included on the list of the i,ooi largest manufacturing companies had I950 shipments (including interplant transfers) valued in excess of $I3,000,000, and assets as of December 31, I950 of at least $II,5oo,ooo. The companies ranking iggth and 5oist had shipments (including interplant transfers) of $I20,000,000 and $40,000,000 respectively. Although there were over 300,000 manufacturing companies in the United States in I95o exclusive of newspaper publishers, the first 199 companies as a group made 4I per cent of the shipments originating in all manufacturing plants in the continental United States, 'Every firm that acquires another business expects as a result to be a more effective competitor. Even though its expectations are realized, it does not necessarily follow that competition has been enhanced by the merger, for competition rests on a balance of the capabilities of many rivals. Provided there are no unfortunate "side effects," a merger is salutary if it places productive facilities under more vigorous management, or if it enables the seller to transfer his resources to the exploitation of a more attractive business opportunity. A merger of two relatively small firms also promotes competition if the necessary scale of operations has doubled as a result of changes in technology or the size of the market, and the companies lack the resources for rapid expansion. But beyond a certain point it is not necessary to be larger to compete effectively with still larger companies. To be sure, the bigger and more diversified a company is the better it is able to bludgeon its rivals by long-sustained sales below cost, favoritism to full line patrons, and reciprocal deals. But such tactics are not to be condoned, because their effect is to eliminate (or intimidate) competitors, rather than to outdo them with more attractive offers to customers generally. 2 To result in a disappearance a merger must reduce the number of firms on the roll of largest firms. Two companies among the i,ooi which merged to form a firm operating under a new name (for example, the merger of NashKelvinator and Hudson Motor Car to form American Motors Corporation) are considered to have occasioned one disappearance. A merger between a company on the roll of largest companies and a company not on the roll is considered a disappearance only where control clearly passed to the latter. A prominent instance is the merger of Consolidated Vultee and Electric Boat Company. With the exception of companies having ties with alien concerns (for example, Lever Brothers) only independent enterprises are considered companies. Thus a company would be counted as a disappearance if it were acquired by another but continued to operate as a subsidiary corporation. A company that sold off its manufacturing business and continued to operate in some other business (for example, Willys Overland) also is treated as a disappearance. 'Washington, Government Printing Office, January I957, Appendix F. The difficulty in preparing a list of this sort for an unregulated sector of the economy is the identification of all large unregistered corporations. Most such corporations jealously guard information on the size of their business. The 'Commission included 200 such companies on its I950 list which do not appear on its "List of I,ooo Large Corporations in Manufacturing and Mining . . . as of two years earlier. 'Clark Thread Company and Eddy Paper Company. 'The Humko Company, Minute Maid Corp., Park & Tilford Distillers Corp., H. K. Porter Co., Inc., Reliance Manufacturing Company (Illinois), and Rotary Electric Steel Company.


The authors study the problem of eigenstates of Hellmann potential of Yukawa potential having the attracted Coulomb potential (-A/r) and arbitrary intensity B and shield parameter C. The levels from 1s to 7i are computed by using variational wavefunction system only having a parameter, precise results are given for arbitrary B and C. From the results it can be seen that for given n,ll′,E nlE nl′, if B is less than zero; E nl≤E nl′,if B is larger than zero.The results accurately give the phenomena of levels interveining for some parameters C when B is less than zero.


The main goal of heritage language (HL) education is to empower learners to explore and develop their cultural and linguistic heritage [...]


In bidding for contracts, many honest construction contractors are having trouble competing in the market with cheaper contractors who cut corners, skimp on material, and use substandard material. The author offers 9 strategies to help ethical businesses compete.


Communication is enacted in diverse ways, and communication research has paid increasing attention to representational modes other than language} (image, gesture, music, and so on). This paper examines the relationships between text and image in the discipline of mechanical engineering, the genre of the design report, and the context of a university first-year introduction to design module. The research question that underpins the study is: what do first-year engineering students' choices regarding integration of language and image in a design report suggest about their engagement in the design process? Over 50 design reports produced by three consecutive cohorts of first-year mechanical engineering students were collected. These design reports were analysed using the integrative multi-semiotic model as an analytical framework. The analysis reveals that the students struggle to effectively integrate text and image in their design reports, and that the decisions they make reflect misconceptions regarding the content and context of engineering design. The paper reflects on how this might be used to inform teaching and learning and prepare engineers in training to successfully communicate with a wide variety of audiences, as is required of engineering degree programmes.


The main aim of the "Pi of the Sky" experiment is to search for optical flashes associated with the gamma ray bursts. The detector also allows us to study other kinds of short timescale astrophysical phenomena. During everyday observations "Pi of the Sky" detector collects many measurements of interesting objects like blazars, quasars, variable stars etc. It is very important to make this data available to other experiments as fast as possible. Dedicated WWW interface connected with the "Pi of the Sky" database in Chile was created to provide on-line access to selected objects. The interface allows quick and easy accesses to the "Pi of the Sky" data right after all measurements processes are finished.


Dennis W. ChoiDepartment of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford,California 94305Steven M. RothmanDepartments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110The human brain depends on its blood supply for a continuous supply ofoxygen and glucose. Irreversible brain damage occurs if blood flow isreduced below about 10 ml/100 g tissue/min and if blood flow is completelyinterrupted, damage will occur in only a few minutes. Unfortunately, suchreductions (ischemia) are common in disease states: either localized individual vascular territories, as in stroke; or globally, as in cardiac arrest.Cerebral hypoxia can also occur in isolation, for example in respiratoryarrest, carbon monoxide poisoning, or near-drowning; pure glucose depri-vation can occur in insulin overdose or a variety of metabolic disorders.As a group, these disorders are a leading cause of neurological disabilityand death; stroke alone is the third most common cause of death in NorthAmerica.Despite its clinical importance, little is known about the cellular patho-genesis of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, and at present there is noeffective therapy. A critical question has been why brain, more than mostother tissues, is so vulnerable to hypoxic-ischemic insults. In particular,certain neuronal subpopulations, such as hippocampal field CA1 andneocortical layers 3, 5, and 6, are characteristically destroyed after sub-maximal hypoxic-ischenfic exposure. A possible answer has emerged inthe last few years: At least some of this special vulnerability may beaccounted for by the central neurotoxicity of the endogenous excitatory1710147-006X/90/0301 ~:1171 $02.00www.annualreviews.org/aronline Annual Reviews


The authors carried out experiments with two kinds of carbon steel plates upon: (1) the recovery of impact values and reduction of hardness with specimens prestrained and later postheated in various combinations of heating temperature and soaking time; (2) the recovery of fracT. TOYOOKA is Consulting Engineer and K. TERAI is Manager, Welding Research Department, Technical Research Institute, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe, Japan. Paper selected as alternate for the 53rd Annual AWS Meeting held in Detroit, Michigan, April 10-14, 1972. ture stress values of longitudinally welded and center notched wideplate tensile specimens after various postheat treatments; and (3) -actual residual stress measurements of longitudinally welded wide-plate specimens after various postheat treatments. Each set of these experimental data was examined by the analysis of variance model to determine the significance of the effect of the heating temperature and the effect of the soaking time. Further, the experimental results on the recovery of fracture stress of wide-plate tensile tests were examined with respect to the effect of various factors, i.e., the residual stress values, recovery of impact values and reduction of hardness. Each set of these experimental data was plotted in scatter diagrams and the correlation coefficient was calculated. The conclusions are: (1) the low fracture stress values of as-welded, longitudinally welded and center notched wide-plate tensile specimens were recovered by postweld heat treatment even in short soaking time. The recovery of fracture stress values after postweld heat treatment was substantially affected by the heating temperature level, but not by the soaking time; (2) it appears that the recovery of fracture stress values had no distinct relationship with residual stress values; and (3) it appears that the recovery of fracture stress values was highly correlated with the reducTable 1 — Chemistry and Mechanical Properties of the Steel Plates Used l") Chemical analysis, wt % Mechanical properties Designation b y J I S ( b ) SM41B (preliminary test)


Preterm infants display altered body composition compared to term infants, and weight gain is a crude indicator body composition. Childhood mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a measure of nutritional status. This study investigates MUAC and mid‐thigh circumference (MTC) to monitor growth in preterm infants.


1. Introduction 2. Measures of Accuracy for Binary Tests 3. Comparing Binary Tests and Regression Analysis 4. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve 5. Estimating the ROC Curve 6. Covariate Effects on Continuous and Ordinal Tests 7. Incomplete Data and Imperfect Reference Tests 8. Study Design and Hypothesis Testing 9. More Topics and Conclusions References/Bibliography Index


DNA repair is fundamental to all cell types to maintain genomic stability. A collection of cutting-edge reviews, DNA Repair - On the pathways to fixing DNA damage and errors covers major aspects of the DNA repair processes in a large variety of organisms, emphasizing foremost developments, questions to be solved and new directions in this rapidly evolving area of modern biology. Written by researchers at the vanguard of the DNA repair field, the chapters highlight the importance of the DNA repair mechanisms and their linkage to DNA replication, cell-cycle progression and DNA recombination. Major topics include: base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, double-strand break repair, with focus on specific inhibitors and key players of DNA repair such as nucleases, ubiquitin-proteasome enzymes, poly ADP-ribose polymerase and factors relevant for DNA repair in mitochondria and embryonic stem cells. This book is a journey into the cosmos of DNA repair and its frontiers.


Good education has given Japanese industry and research an advantage over many other countries. Using personal experience of education and research in Japan, the authors outline the present education process and some future developments. The pervasiveness and homogeneity of the main-stream education system in Japan is first described. The programme of study and spartan life of students in university faculties are then outlined. The types of research open to successful students in Japan are illustrated by a broad outline of its funding and examples of research programmes.


Extracted from text ... Customs and Beliefs of the |Xam Bushmen. Edited by JEREMY C. HOLLMAN.
Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2004. xxxi + 439 pp. ISBN 1 86814 399 6.
Lucy Lloyd and Wilhelm Bleek's archive needs very little introduction. A relatively
obscure and unexplored collection in the 1980s, used by virtually no one outside of the
Bleek family and 'misplaced' for several decades, it is today, by contrast, a United Nations
site of the Memory of the World and the subject of an industry of publications in many
disciplines. Bleek and Lloyd, and the |xam, the !kun and the Korana individuals and
families ..


Alcohol-induced alterations in cell function, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis are prominent features of liver disease in general and of alcoholic liver injury in particular. The link between these processes, however, remains unclear. A virtually universal characteristic of liver injury and subsequent inflammation is the induction of hepatocellular damage, and we …


Though presented as a way to reduce rates of obesity and chronic disease and help the American public select healthier foods, front-of-package labeling is an inefficient tool that operates within a processed food paradigm, thereby providing the food industry with yet another strategy to market nutritionally inferior foods to the general public.


For Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$, let $K_{w^*}(X^*,Y)$ denote the space of all $w^* - w$ continuous compact operators from $X^*$ to $Y$ endowed with the operator norm. A Banach space $X$ has the $wGP$ property if every Grothendieck subset of $X$ is relatively weakly compact. In this paper we study Banach spaces with property $wGP$. We investigate whether the spaces $K_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$ and $X\otimes_\epsilon Y$ have the $wGP$ property, when $X$ and $Y$ have the $wGP$ property.


With the combination of documentary analysis, logical analysis, this research explores and reviews on the fundamental concept of curriculum sources of P.E. hidden curriculum, analyzes the existing feature and forms of carriers, thereby aiming to broaden research spaces and ranges of deepening the implementation of the P.E. curriculum reforms.


The vehicles moving on the long span cable-stayed bridge will cause longitudinal movement of the bridge.To study the longitudinal movement amount and longitudinal force behavior of the main girder of the long span railway cable-stayed bridge and the influence of connection stiffness of the pylon and girder under the action of train load,the Hanjiatuo Changjiang River Bridge was cited as an example,the longitudinal displacement and velocity responses of the main girder were calculated,using the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration analysis method and the basis for optimizing the design parameters of the longitudinal dampers was provided.The longitudinal interaction forces between the pylon and girder were analyzed and the upper limit values of frictional coefficients of the bearings were given.The relationship between the system longitudinal total stiffness and elastic connection stiffness was calculated and the relationship among the elastic connection stiffness,longitudinal total stiffness and longitudinal displacement of the main girder was made clear.The results of the study demonstrate that the influence of the CRH2Train Group on the longitudinal dynamic responses of the bridge structure is more significant.The increase of the fictional resistance of the bearings can offset the longitudinal action force of the structural system caused by the moving trains,hence,can suppress the longitudinal movement of the main girder.The system longitudinal total stiffness increases with the increase of the elastic connection stiffness of the pylon and girder,but the nonlinear relationship is significant.


A comparison of the lamb producing ability of a number of breed crosses has been made over a four year period at Cowra, New South Wales. The breeds examined were Corriedale, Border Leicester x Merino, and Romney Marsh x Merino ewes mated to Dorset Horn and Southdown rams. Total live weight of finished lamb produced per 100 ewes mated was taken as the index of lamb producing ability. Dorset Horn rams produced approximately 24 per cent more finished lamb than did Southdown rams. The fertility of the two breeds was similar but Dorset Horn cross lambs were heavier at birth, grew faster and finished at a much greater weight in a given time. Border Leicester x Merino ewes produced 30 and 34 per cent more lamb than did Romney x Merino and Corriedale ewes respectively. There was no significant difference in total weight of lamb produced between the two latter types. Corriedale ewes were as fertile as the Border Leicester x Merino ewes but a greater proportion of their lambs failed to reach the finished weight. Lambs from Border Leicester x Merino ewes were heavier at birth and grew faster than lambs from the other two groups. There were no significant differences in wool production between any of the three ewe breeds. It is concluded that, of the breeds studied, a combination of Dorset Horn rams and Border Leicester x Merino ewes would give the greatest returns to lamb producers on the central-western slopes of New South Wales.


CVD risk prediction tools have largely been used to determine the advisability of statin therapy. They might be better used to counsel patients about across-the-board risk factor modification.


Introduction. The development of modern surgery requires the advancement of expertise about individual characteristics of large vessels development. The expansion of surgical treatment options of liver diseases determines the necessity of more detailed information about the anatomy of the portal, biliary and arterial systems, and about the anatomy of the hepatic veins in particular.The aim of research was to study characteristics of the left hepatic vein formation based on ultrasound examination findings.Materials and methods. The study included 39 outpatients, 11 males and 28 females, aged 17-84. Using ultrasound imaging methods, the authors determined linear dimensions, variations and angles of junction of the veins forming the left hepatic vein.Results. The main six variations of the left hepatic vein were determined as follows: variation I was observed in 9 cases (23.1%), variation II - in 7 cases (17.9%), variation III - in 11 cases (28.2%), variation IV - in 6 cases (15.4%), variation V - in 5 cases (12.8%), variation VI - in 1 case (2.6%). The angle of junction of the veins I and III at the site of their entry into the main trunk of the venous system was from 19-21 degrees to 80-85 degrees; the angle of junction of the vein II was from 21 degrees to 61.6 degrees. Deviation of veins in the plane perpendicular to the rest veins ranged from 32 degrees to 81.7 degrees. Additional veins entered at the angles from 22.5 degrees to 45 degrees. When observing, the vein diameter for veins I and II was from 1.3 mm to 4.8 mm, and for vein III - from 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm. There were additional veins determined with an average diameter equal 2.25 mm 0.25 mm. The size of the trunk of the left hepatic vein directly corresponded to a diameter of 2 mm to 7.7 mm.Conclusion. The presented variations are of major importance for modern diagnostic methods, they also expand the understanding of the anatomical variations in the left lobar vein formation, which should be taken into account by surgeons during liver operations.


Nitrogen(N) deposition influences microbial decomposition and nutrient transformation rates by affecting the activities of microbial properties,such as soil enzymes,microbial biomass and structure of the microbial community.In desert ecosystems,where water and N are two major limiting factors for biological activity,minimal nutrient dynamics are linked to comparatively large changes.In this paper,an in situ experiment was conducted in Gurbantunggut desert to explore the effects of N deposition on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass N.Sixty 8 m × 8 m plots were established in the inter-dune area,with each plot having similar vegetation and a biological soil crust cover.Six N fertilizer treatments(N0,N0.5,N1,N3,N6 and N24 denoting 0,0.5,1.0,3.0,6.0 and 24.0 g N m-2 a-1,respectively) were conducted,with ten replicates for each treatment.Nitrogen was applied at the ratio of 2 ∶ 1 for NH+4-N ∶ NO-3-N(informed in NH4NO3 and NH4Cl),consisting with ratio of the main N components in deposition in Urumqi.Soil samples were collected in May 2009 from 24 of the 60 plots with 4 replicates for each treatment(6 N treatments × 4 replicates).Soil samples were taken from two layers(0-5 cm and 5-10 cm) and transported to laboratory quickly.The results showed that original vertical distribution patterns of nutrient,soil enzyme and microbial biomass were not changed by N addition.Soil organic C,total N,total P,available P and available N pools were greater in the 0-5 cm soil layer than in the 5-10 cm layer,regardless of N addition rates.The polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities in 0-5 cm soil layer were 14.3%-27.3% and 1.4%-14.2% lower than those in 5-10 cm soil layer,respectively.However,the activities of invertase,urease,alkaline phosphatase(AlP) and microbial biomass N in the 0-5 cm soil layer were 18.0%-98.1%,45.3%-119.0%,76.1%-138.1% and 77.5%-162.4% higher compared with the 5-10 cm layer,respectively.The soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass N were more sensitive to N addition in the 0-5 cm layer than in the 5-10 cm layer.Although low and moderate N levels(N0.5,N1 and N3) have marginal effects on oxidative enzyme activities in the 0-5 cm layer,high N levels(N6 and N24) reduced the activities of oxidative enzyme.With respect to control(N0),the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were 22.4% and 12.1% lower under N24.In contrast,the oxidative enzyme activities in the 5-10 cm layer were not sensitive to N addition.With the increase in N addition,both the invertase and AlP activities in the two layers increased at low N addition levels,then they decreased at high N levels.Compared with control,N1 and N3 increased invertase activities in the 0-5 cm layer by 49.6% and 72.3%,respectively;and by 8.6% and 11.4% in the 5-10 cm layer,respectively.AlP activities in the 0-5 cm layer tended to increase at the low N levels(i.e.,N0.5,N1 and N3).Highest increasing rate of 48.6% was found in N3 treatment in comparison to control.Nitrogen additions resulted in increased microbial biomass N,but decreased urease activities.With the changes in soil enzyme activities,cycling of C,N and P altered accordingly.The varying soil organic C under different N treatments may be partially due to the change of oxidative activities.The addition of N lead to the increase of microbial biomass N and available N.Available P increased significantly at low N addition rates while it decreased at high N addition rates in both the soil layers.Our results suggest that N addition or deposition can affect the nutrient flow by changing the soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass in Gurbantunggut desert ecosystem.


The rocky desertification was a salient ecological problems in Guizhou Province,seriously restricting the development of social economy. On the bases of environmental status of karst regions in Guizhou,selected rocky property,slope,vegetation coverage and soil type in the study area,analyzed the each single factor on the sensitivity of the study area extent of desertification on RS and GIS,and built the spatial analysis modle for patial overlap analysis of evaluation indexes on ArcGIS,divided sensitivity of the study area into insensitive,mildly sensitive,moderately sensitive,highly sensitive and very sensitive 5 level. The results showed that: The area of karst rocky desertification was108781. 43km2,accounting for 61.48% of the total area,the extreme and strong sensitivities were the main types of karst rocky desertification sensitivities. Sensitive regions indicated a tendency where the strip distributed the characteristic by successive and irregular in terms of the spatial prospective and mainly distributed in the northeast,north,west,southwest and central regions. However,the areas in southeast hardly attributed to the sensitive regions.


The seeds of summer squash were osmoregulated with different concentration levels of PEG solution.The results showed that all of the treatments could promote seedling growth and strengthen cold endurance.Among them,the best one was 250 g·L-1 PEG solution.


Education is then most important invention of mankind. It begins at birth and end at his death. It is process of growth in which the indi- vidual is helped to develop his talents, power, Interest and ambitions. This growth is an integrated and harmonious process. Education should aim at developing the innate potentialities and unique in- dividuality of each child according to his nature, therefore learning experience every attempt is made at all levels of education to match with capability of the learner and for that suitable curriculum are framed. Self esteem is important characteristic of teacher. Through the de- velopmental process, the child develops various skills. Social de- velopment begins at birth and progresses rapidly during the school years. One of the most important skills parents, teachers and social network of the child accomplish is to teach children how to get along with others. A teacher needs to be able to identify his own and oth- er people's feelings if he wants to relate adaptively. He needs to be able to communicate effectively in ways which validate his own and the others' needs. Also, he should manage his own behavior effective - ly so that it is socially acceptable. There are many ways to help stu- dent teacher developing social skills. Assertiveness training groups are effective ways of teaching student teacher to possess the tools for healthy communication with others. Through the developmental process, the child develops various skills. Social development begins at birth and progresses rapidly during the school years. One of the most important skills parents, teachers and social network of the child accomplish is to teach children how to get along with others. No matter how gifted a child is physically or men- tally, his happiness and success in life will also depend on his ability to get along with people. Consequently, competency in social skills will help children to develop a satisfactory life (Vasta, Haith, &Miller, 1992). Burns (1979) in his review report average correlation of 0.30 to 0.40 of school achievement with general self concept and higher correlation with academic self concept. Hansford and Hattle (1982) found the overall correlation between general self esteem rather than academic self concept. Rosenberg, scholar and Schoenbach (1989) in their study of Unites State high school panel similarly report the effect of school achievement on self esteem to be more powerful than of self esteem on school achievement.to behavior of human being, Society and na- tion.


We study a boundary value problem with multivariables integral type condition for a class of parabolic equations. We prove the existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence of the solution upon the data in the functional wieghted Sobolev spaces. Results are obtained by using a functional analysis method based on two-sided a priori estimates and on the density of the range of the linear operator generated by the considered problem.


PIDS Policy Notes are observations/analyses written by PIDS researchers on certain policy issues. The treatise is holistic in approach and aims to provide useful inputs for decisionmaking. Oscar Picazo was a senior research consultant for health at PIDS; Ida Marie Pantig is a supervising research specialist; Danica Aisa Ortiz is a research specialist; Nina Ashley Dela Cruz and Juan Alfonso Tanghal are research analysts; and Melanie Aldeon is a consultant of PIDS. The team acknowledges the research assistance of Leonard Pericles Festin. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the PIDS or any of the study's sponsors. Oscar F. Picazo, Ida Marie T. Pantig, Danica Aisa P. Ortiz, Melanie P. Aldeon, Nina Ashley O. Dela Cruz, and Juan Alfonso O. Tanghal Philippine Institute for Development Studies Surian sa mga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng Pilipinas No. 2016-11 (June 2016) ISSN 1656-5266 Policy Notes


Purpose Body image such as desire for thinness has been considered as a factor related to gestational weight gain. However, the association has been unclear. This systematic review aimed to clarify whether body image before pregnancy or during pregnancy was associated with gestational weight gain. Methods We conducted a database search (Ichushi-Web, CiNii, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) and hand search for relevant publications in English and Japanese using the following keywords: pregnancy, body image, and weight gain. The search included all studies from the inception of each database to March 2019. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, researchers reviewed titles, abstracts, and full articles, and then evaluated the quality of each article and selected the articles included in this review. Results Seven articles were included in this review. Six articles examined the association between pre-pregnancy body image and gestational weight gain. Desire for thinness before pregnancy was related to excessive gestational weight gain in 3 out of 3 relevant articles. In addition, misperception of pre-pregnancy body size was associated with excessive gestational weight gain in 1 out of 3 relevant articles. In women with normal pre-pregnancy body mass index, overestimation of pre-pregnancy body size was associated with excessive gestational weight gain. In women with prepregnancy overweight or obesity, underestimation of pre-pregnancy body size was associated with excessive gestational weight gain. Feeling fat during pregnancy was significantly negatively associated with gestational weight gain in one article which examined the association. Conclusion This review suggests that desire for thinness and misperception of body size before pregnancy were associated with excessive gestational weight gain. For proper gestational weight control, an intervention considering body image before pregnancy may be beneficial. Further research regarding the association between body image during pregnancy and gestational weight gain is needed because of small number of studies reported to date.


In this paper, we have demonstrated a nano-particle rotation above a plasmonic gold trimer nano-structure with a nanogap. We designed the plasmonic trimer nano-structure which has a resonant frequency matched to excitation and made it with electron beam lithography with metal lift-off process. At first, with an actively rotating linearly polarized beam excitation, we have realized a rotational motion of a trapped nano-particle synchronized to a polarization of beam. Next, we observed a nano-particle rotation using a circularly polarized beam. From the auto-correlation of position time trace with sinusoidal fitting, we confirmed a faster rotation of nano-particle than that of an actively rotating linearly polarized beam.


The effect of sediment feeding was investigated in the case of live-bed scour around circular bridge piers under flood waves to provide contributions for future experimental procedures. Circular piers of three different diameters were tested in a long rectangular flume containing uniform sediment layer 25 cm thick, by generating 7 different triangular hydrographs with different durations ranging between 6 and 20 minutes and the peak discharges varying from 18 to 38 L/s. Experiments were first conducted without sediment feeding and total load was collected at predetermined time intervals. Then the same experiments were performed by feeding with the same amount of collected sediment. Time dependent scour depths were measured using UVP. Bed degradation was also determined by using an empirical equation existing in the literature. It was found that feeding with the rates equal to the transported ones did not significantly change the scour depth and total sediment load within the limits of the experiments. No significant bed degradation was observed, except at the upstream end. It was revealed that the sediment feeding may not be required in the experiments where temporal evolution of the scour depth is studied in a sufficiently long flume containing sufficient sediment. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091699 Full Text: PDF


Vial comprising a container (1) containing a cosmetic product, and an applicator comprising a tube which carries a first applicator head (15) for applying the cosmetic product to a body region, the first applicator head (15) being placed in front of the tube and being dipped into the container, and the first applicator head being extractable from tube.L'applicateur also comprises a second applicator head (25) stored in the cell into the queue for the extraction of the first head applicatrice.La second applicator head is movable relative to the tube to take the place of the first applicator head.


Type 2 diabetic patients show thyroid disorders that may aggravate the metabolic imbalance. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of abnormal
thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This prospective study was conducted among 100 diabetic patients (cases) which were compared
with age and sex matched 50 non-diabetic control subjects. TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) were
measured. Fasting Plasma glucose and Post Prandial blood glucose is also measured. The result of this prospective study showed, the diabetic
patients in the present study although clinically euthyroid show a low level of circulating T3 to which the term " Low T3 syndrome"given. But
there is high prevalence of thyroid disorders in the diabetic population in other studies which indicates that the screening for thyroid disease among
diabetic patients should be routinely performed.


Analysis techniques of the data over time from the mobile environment and IoT, is mainly used for extracting patterns from the collected data, to find meaningful information. However, analytical methods existing, is based to be analyzed in a state where the data collection is complete, to reflect changes in time series data associated with the passage of time is difficult. In this paper, we introduce a method for analyzing multi-block streaming data(AM-MBSD: Analysis Method for Multi-Block Stream Data) for the analysis of the data stream with multiple properties, such as variability of pattern and large capacitive and continuity of data. The multi-block streaming data, define a plurality of blocks of data to be continuously generated, each block, by using the analysis method of the proposed method of analysis to extract meaningful patterns. The patterns that are extracted, generation time, frequency, were collected and consideration of such errors. Through analysis experiments using time series data.


This study reports a computational investigation on the antioxidant activity of five plant food benzoic acid derivatives, namely gallic acid (GA), para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), protocatechuic acid (PCA), syringic acid (SA), and vanillic acid (VA). Based on computed thermodynamics parameters, a detailed comparative debate is developed concerning their free radical scavenging activity in the gas phase and polar solutions (in water and methanol solvents). This discussion goes on to elucidate both the most preferred mechanism and the order of antioxidant activity for these molecules in each environment. Paradoxically, calculations using the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) suggest that H abstraction radicals gain in stability as the central benzene ring loses in structural aromaticity. Finally, spin densities and fukui function f0 seem to be good indicators of the local reactivity of these compounds towards free radicals.


Various origins are considered for the atmospheric sodium observed in the twilight and nightglow above an altitude of 70 km. The transport of sea salt to these altitudes in sufficient quantities seems impossible except in the unlikely case of complete atomization of the sodium at low altitudes (30 km). Other terrestrial sources seem even more unlikely. The sodium has not accreted from the sun, as shown by a consideration of the amount of neon now present in the atmosphere. Meteoric influx does provide sufficient quantities of atomic sodium at altitudes of 70 km and greater, and is probably the source of the airglow sodium. The influx of micrometeoritic material is capable of providing even more sodium than do the meteors, but there is great uncertainty as to the fraction of this material which vaporizes. Other metals which have been observed in the high atmosphere are Ca, Li, and Mg. However, no conclusions with regard to the origin of these constituents can be drawn from the presently available evidence.


aware of the situations which aggravated the patient and resulted in setbacks to her recovery. On entering the Hospital the patient is bewildered, resentful, suspicious, emotionally uncontrolled, confused by delusions and illusions, hallucinations. As time goes on her imaginings become less morbid; her delusions of grandeur and persecution diminish; her resistance to authority weakens; the visions and voices of her hallucinations fade; her attempts to avenge herself for some supposed wrong become less frequent; her responses to her husband and the various persons in the Hospital become more normal. With the clearing of her mental fog comes a realization that she must conform in a number of ways if she is to get free of the institution. She becomes eager to work and


Objective:To evalauate the practical value of detecting serum AFP and free-β HCG in the pregnant metaphase for prenatal screening.Methods: Auto time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay system was used to detect the matermal serum AFP and flee-β HCG in 3384 peregnant women at about 15~20 weeks of gestaion,Down's syndrome,NTD,Edwards syndrome risk value was calculated with Multicalc software,their cut-off were 1∶270,1∶250,1∶350 separately.The pregnant women whose value are higher than or equal to cut-off would be at high risk and need to exclude fetal abnormal karyotype comning diagnoses with ultrasonic B examination,amniocentesis or fetal blood.Results:3384 pregnant women accepted antenatal screening,177 case of them were detected at high risk and positive rate was 4.3%.In 177 case.131 of them were at high risk with Down's syndrome,7 case with 18 triploid syndrome,21 case with NTD.In the high risk pregnant women,11 case with fetal anmormal chromosome were found by amniotic fluid or fetal blood culture,8 case with anmormal fetal were found by ultrasonic B.Conclusion: Serum AFP and free-β HCG level of pregnant women were effective indexes to screen abnormal fetal.


A method of providing security protection and access management computer service method, comprising: providing a computer service, wherein the service computer attached to the network via the first access server to one or more clients; providing a plurality of services a second processing node of the network; provides the network traffic from the first network to the second network redirection means. Next, the target device via the redirection to redirect traffic to the network service processing node of the second network via the first network access service network of the computer services. Followed by the service processing node checks the redirection and processing network traffic. And only then the service processing nodes have been checked, the process and allow redirection of network traffic routed to access the service computer via the second network.


NanoCom 2017 continues to be the premier venue for the latest advances in nanoscale computing and communication. The goals of the conference are to increase the visibility of this growing research area and to bring together researchers from diverse disciplines that can foster and develop new paradigms for nanoscale computing and communication. The inter-disciplinary conference attracts researchers from the fields of electrical and electronics engineering, computer science, biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, bioengineering, biotechnology, materials science, and nanotechnology.


13 page PDF of a proposal, dated August 28, 1997, to establish the Honors College at Texas Tech University. It was sent out by Gary Bell, Director of the Honors Program.


This paper studies the e¤ect of the introduction of income inequalities in a model of geopolitical organization. We assume the existence of two groups of agents with di¤erent incomes. We focus on the policy e¤ects of changes in income di¤erential between the groups and changes in the fraction of the population belonging to the two groups. In the optimal solution, if size is endogenous and public good provision exogenous (i) size increases as income inequality increases; if both size and public good provision are endogenously determined (ii) size is neutral to changes in income inequalities and (iii) public good provision decreases as inequality increases. (iv) There are cases where a stable solution does not exist and the possibility of non existence increases together with inequality, if both size and public good provision are endogenously determined. Key Words: Country Size, Public Good, Income Inequality, Tax Distortion JEL Code: D6, H4, D3, H2 Graduate School in the Economics and Finance of the Public Administration, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan. I am grateful to all my professors at DEFAP, in particular my supervisor Mario Gilli, Federico Etro, Ferdinando Colombo, Gerd Weinrich, Lorenzo Cappellari. Furthermore, I'd like to thank Claudio Lucifora, Michel Le Breton, Claudio Zoli, Federico Perali, Sholmo Weber and the participants to the seminars in Milan, Canazei, Verona and Louvain-la-Neuve for their useful comments. A special thanks to Marco Giuliani for his "constructive criticism". E-mail: …firstname.lastname@example.com


Preface List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. John the Baptist in the Gospel of Mark 2. John the Baptist in Q 3. John the Baptist in the Gospel of Matthew 4. John the Baptist in the Gospel of Luke 5. John the Baptist in the Fourth Gospel 6. Conclusion Appendix: the account of John in Josephus Supplementary bibliography Index of passages cited Index of authors.


The invention provides a method and a system of automatically adjusting play threshold of a streaming media buffering area. The method of automatically adjusting the play threshold of the streaming media buffering area comprises operating a streaming media play program; downloading streaming media data, and calculating a download speed; obtaining a code rate of streaming media; comparing the download speed of the streaming media data with the code rate of the streaming media; and adjusting a lower limiting value of the play threshold of the streaming media buffering area according to a result of comparison between the download speed of the streaming media data and the code rate of the streaming media. According to the technical scheme of the method and the system of automatically adjusting the play threshold of the streaming media buffering area, the play threshold of the streaming media buffering area can be dynamically arranged according to a network speed, the play threshold of the streaming media buffering area is reduced under the condition that the network is rapid, time delay is reduced, and response is rapid, the play threshold of the streaming media buffering area is increased under the condition that the network speed is slow, shakes are reduced, and fluency and quality of play of the streaming media are improved.


Most communication signals are cyclostationary.Cyclic adaptive blind beamforming algorithms can be implemented by exploiting the signal cyclostationarity,which can effectively suppress jamming and noise.By improving the cost function of CAB algorithm,a modified CAB algorithm(M-CAB) with jamming suppression was proposed.The new method can generate high gain toward the desired signal and from the nulls in the direction of jamming by contraining the weight vector of the CAB algorithm.Compared to the traditional C-CAB algorithm,the proposed one has such advantages as fast convergence speed,low computation complexity and high output SINR.The computer simulations verify the effect of the proposed algorithm.


Abstract Most offshore wind-turbine foundations are monopile foundations. Monopile foundations have the advantages of simple structures and are convenient to construct. In recent years, large-diameter monopile foundations, with diameters larger than 4 m, have been used in engineering applications to increase the bearing capacity of wind turbines. Increasing the foundation pile diameter changes the bearing characteristics from those of traditional small-diameter steel-pipe piles. However, research on the bearing characteristics of large-diameter steel-pipe piles is lacking; no mature method exists to estimate the bearing capacity. On the basis of numerical simulations, the differences between the stress and deformation characteristics of the pile body and the soil around it between large-diameter and small-diameter steel-pipe piles subjected to vertical loads and horizontal loads in sand are investigated in this study. A method to calculate the vertical bearing capacity, considering the soil-arching effect...


The current economic and social development is inseparable from computers. Computer technology has not only brought tremendous changes to all aspects of society, but also brought opportunities to the reform of our country's education industry. Adding computer technology to the process of English teaching can effectively promote students' deep learning. At the same time, this teaching model has already appeared in many schools in our country. This article explores the convenience brought about by the way that computer technology promotes students' deep learning of English by using both teachers and students. This article first explains the application and research of computer technology in traditional English teaching, and analyzes the case of improving students' classroom teaching and extracurricular collaboration by introducing computer technology and multimedia technology under computer technology. This research conducted a survey of 120 sophomore English majors and 38 English teachers in a language university. The survey method used questionnaire surveys, interview surveys and practice classroom methods to explore the reform of deep learning in English teaching. Under the path, students' understanding of computer technology promotes English teaching. This article also explores the impact of computer technology on English teachers through a survey of English teachers, including the changes in their traditional teaching methods and teaching concepts, the challenges of practical teaching methods, and the repositioning of teacher-student relationships. The experimental results show that, the deep learning path that computer technology promotes English teaching has changed the traditional English teaching method and rebuilt a new English teaching concept. Its classroom is more practical and interactive, and it is also more conducive to the cultivation of students' autonomous learning ability.


Objective To improve the project of the clinical pathway sustainingly.Method With expert consultation and literature review to set the evaluation indicators and the weight coefficient on the quality of clinical pathway process;according to the D-value between the hospital three-year's average value or the standard value regulated by the medical insurance and the each indicator to set four grade score.The final quatitative result of the evaluated disease can be obtained by summating all the score of the evaluation indicators.On this basis,total score and the each indicator's score of the disease in the project are caculated.Result Through comparing the total score with the standard score,the disease in low conformity gets preferential intervention in the coming quarter's work.Appraisal indicator,which influences total score most,is regarded as the prevelance link of the next season.Conclusion To establish an evaluation system on the clinical pathway process quality will benefit the layer-management of the clinical pathway project,and is an effective management mode to promote its sustained improvement.


China's criminal law system for protecting IP rights bears its own characteristics, which are closely related to China's political, economic and social circumstances as well as to its criminal law system. The characteristics of "heavy crimes, heavy punishment",consequently, lead to a relatively high criminal threshold in our criminal law. As a result, if lowering the criminal threshold of crimes against copyright is to be examined, we have to consider the leniency towards this type of crime and lowering the criminal threshold of other related crimes.


The invention discloses a safety box with a face recognition function. The safety box is characterized by comprising an acqusition module, a display module, an infrared sensor and a power supply module which are all connected with a processor, wherein a shell of the safety box is provided with a blowing device at a position close to the acqusition module; the infrared sensor is a near infrared sensor; the acqusition module comprises a video camera or a camera. The safety box with the face recognition function is rational in design, the heating of hair and human-skin masks is overcome, meanwhile face information and ear information are recognized, the recognition result is accurate, and high-efficiency, accurate and trusted recognition of the 3D (Three Dimensional) face recognition function is realized.


The current producing situation and some problems of agricultural products with low pesticide residue were analyzed. Five problems were pointed out as follows. 1. Production problems included mixed cultivars, overused pesticides, poor storing conditions, low specialized level of processing, undeveloped technique of producing and small scale. 2. Management problems were backward supervisory system of quality, and scattered production. 3. Circulation problems were backward post harvest handle, the block of supply chain, lack market information and awareness in consuming quality of products. 4. Unreasonable structure of cultivars and industry, and overall cost. Some countermeasures were proposed as below: to control pesticide use, to legalize the producing areas and to establish the system of supervision and marking, to construct the criterion of production, to adjust and optimize the industrial structure, and to make rational use of favorable geographical and climate resources in Gansu.


Objective : To evaluate the effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel and sodium fluoride (NaF) gel on the surface roughness of glass ionomer cements. Methods: Twenty disc-shaped samples were fabricated from glass ionomer cement (Fuji II, GC Gold Label, Japan) and divided into two test groups that is group I for acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel application and group II for sodium fluoride (NaF) gel application. After 24 hours, the surface roughness (Ra) was determined using a profilometer (MarSurf M300, Germany). Samples surface were applied by topical fluoride gel according test group for 4 minutes. After the treatment, the surface roughness (Ra) was determined using a profilometer. T test was used to evaluate surface roughness measurement and the differences in surface roughness values between test groups. Results : Acidulated phosphate fluoride gel group showed the highest surface roughness than sodium fluoride group. There were significant differences between test groups ( p = 0.00). Conclusion : Acidulated phosphate fluoride gel can cause surface roughness on the glass ionomer cement more than sodium fluoride gel. Keywords: acidulated phosphate fluoride, glass ionomer cements, sodium fluoride , surface roughness


S, 1793; fuA9 his fint appMianoe on ui^ itegd aa " Room," Id BlnaiDghaiD, Englud, in 1811 {jnade hie flnt ftpp«anBoe On tbe London ataga on Septonbcr Ktb, l8ie;u !' Qnitea," in tbe Dlitreuad Uotber tnode madatli £nt sppearanoe on theAmerlotn stage at* "Star," at the Park Ttieatie, in Now Tork, nndtr the nanagement of.Moe a&d Blmpua, aa " HaobeU)," In 1826 ; retanad to England In 1817 ; re-Tiaitad Anieriea In 1843, noting In all thaprlnolpal thtatrca of the United fltatea ; on Ootober 4;* 1848, he again qipeaied In the United 8tat«B, bnt on aooOsntof the ilot at the Aator Place Open Eonae, on the lOth ofIbj, .1649, aooa lAer


On breast cancer imaging some cancers have an anechoic or high‐echoic zone in the tumor on ultrasonography and ring‐shaped enhancement on contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high intensity in the central area of the tumor on T2‐weighted imaging, necessitating their differentiation from benign disease. Thus, nine breast cancers with a ring‐like appearance on imaging were analyzed on cytopathology. Histologically the cancer cells of these lesions showing a ring‐like appearance were located in the periphery of the tumor, with a central hypocellular zone. Five such lesions with a thick, doughnut‐like appearance were identified as cancers with acellular zones (CAC), and four lesions with a thinner, rim‐like appearance as matrix‐producing carcinomas (MPC). The percentage ratio of the cancer‐zone width to the tumor diameter was 26.4 ± 7.8 and 8.0 ± 3.2 (mean ± SD), respectively (P= 0.003). Cytologically, highly atypical, naked‐nucleus cells were observed in eight of the nine cancers. In two MPC and three CAC, cartilage matrix and amorphous material, respectively, were observed in the background. In summary, the present series of breast cancers having a ring appearance on imaging did not have uniform cytopathological features. They were classified as MPC or CAC, and cytology was useful in their diagnosis and differentiation in some cases.