Under the support of GIS,based on the data of 1976 and 2001 land-use map,and satellite images topographical map of Lanzhou City,Gansu Province,China,as well as the survey,interview and concerned literature of Lanzhou City urban land use structure as far as 1959-2004 and the associated economic and social statistics,and,the characteristics of dynamic evolution of land use structure in Lanzhou were expounded utilizing the information entropy principle of systematic theory.Furthermore,the driving forces to influence the main characteristics in terms of natural,economic,social,urban planning and policy factors were explored.Finally,in virtue of analytical methods on the principal component and multivariate linear regression,the main economic and social driving factors were analyzed and discussed for dynamic evolution of land use structure in the region.The results show that dynamic evolution of information entropy has gone through three stages in the region,that is,1959-1979 continual decline stage and 1979-2001 slowly growing stage after sharply rising,and 2001-2004 sharply decreasing stage.The degree of balance and dominance shows the corresponding fluctuations at the same time.Generally speaking,the degree of balance firstly drops,then steadily goes up,and at last decreases somewhat.The degree of dominance takes on the other way round.The main driving forces,which affects dynamic evolution of land use structure in the district of Lanzhou City,include economic and social development and the government's policy control,as well as the natural environment and urban planning constraints.


Abstract : Contents: The State of Air Power History; Air Power and Warfare, 1903-1941, World War II in the Air: Different National Experiences; World War II: American Air Leadership; The Search for Maturity in American Postwar Air Doctrine and Organization, 1945-1953; Air Power Limits in Limited War, 1947- 1978; A Major Pioneer Looks at Air Power; Insights into Technology and Air Warfare: Past, Present, Future; The Eighth Military History Symposium in Perspective.


Purpose: An aim was to determine the degree and the mode of variation of PI of middle cerebral artery in no risk pregnancies and in pregnancies with gestational hypertension, after the constant sound stimuli. Method: Study included 343 patients divided in two groups. Group 1: low risk pregnancies and group 2: gestational hypertension. Ultrasound prenatal auditory screening was performed after the 27th week of gestation. Results: The percentage of fetuses with increase of cerebral blood flow was slightly higher in the pregnancies with hypertension. Conclusion: An average change of PI of median cerebral artery was higher in this group.


An 89-year-old man with coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease taking Xarelto (rivaroxaban, an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor) was referred to our emergency department because he had been passing tarry stool for 4 days. He had no history of trauma or congenital bleeding diathesis. Panendoscopy revealed blood coming from the orifice of ampulla of Vater (Figure 1A, arrow). Emergency celiac angiography did not show contrast extravasation or pseudoaneurysm. Coronal reformatted image of contrastenhanced abdominal computed tomography showed distended gallbladder with hyperdense nonenhancing material in the gallbladder (Figure 1B, arrow). What is your impression for this patient?


The Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) is especially devastating due to its global widespread distribution and its infection of staple cereal crops. Our research aims to understand mechanisms of BYDV mRNA translation to gain insight into combating the disease and its dire economic implications. Previous studies have shown that BYDV initiates translation in a way that is unique to most eukaryotic messages. Almost all eukaryotic mRNA consist of a 5' cap and initiates translation at the 5' untranslated region (UTR). BYDV mRNA, however, consists of a cap‐independent translation element at the 3' UTR (BTE). More interestingly, eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eI4F) binds the 3' end of BYDB mRNA, at the BTE, and translation occurs when the 3' UTR interacts with the 5' UTR. Pull‐down experiments using the BTE RNA as bait have revealed not only eIF4F binding but also a small array of other proteins not present when a nonfunctional BTE (BTEBF) or the 5' UTR is used as bait. One prominent protein that appears to bind BTE but not the control BTEBF or 5' UTR RNA is an unknown 50 kDa protein. Using Mass Spectrometry, we identify this protein to be elongation factor 1A (EF1A). EF1A has previously been shown to bind the 3' UTR of Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) mRNA and may have a role in in regulation and replication of the viral genes.


Reactive extraction is used widely and effectively in separating dilute carboxylic acid solution, and the extraction behavior depends on the acidity (pKa) and hydrophobicity (logP) of the acids. In this paper, a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) study was carried out for modeling pKa and logP of carboxylic acids. The first-order molecular connectivity valent index 1cpv was selected to present the molecule volume parameter of the acid according to the correlativity analyses of all the molecular connectivity indices. The QSPR models for logP and pKa were developed respectively. The former was correlated with 1cpv and the number of oxygen atoms in acid molecule, and the later was correlated with 1cpv and the Taft substituent parameter s*. These models are simpler and more accurate than those in literature.


The method has also been found to give good result at many sites with nonuniform accumulation, though here the problem is more difficult in view of the need to determine an appropriate dating model. There are two simple models, commonly referred to as the CRS and CIC models (Appleby & Oldfield 1978, Robbins 1978). Of these, the CRS (constant rate of Pb supply) model is perhaps the most widely used. The main principles of this model are exemplified in Appleby et al. (1979) by cores from three Finnish lakes with annually laminated sediments, all of which contained layers recording dilution of the atmospheric Pb flux by increased sedimentation. Pb dates calculated using the CRS model were in good agreements with those determined by laminae counting. There are however circumstances where the CIC (constant initial concentration) model is appropriate, e.g. in a core from Devoke Water (Appleby & Oldfield 1992) where the CRS model was invalidated by an abrupt discontinuity in the sediment record.


-Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, in the first wave in India, had a high case fatality rate. Vaccination and other preventive measures were implemented soon after. Our study was conducted with an aim to assess the effect of a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine on patient outcome and clinical profile of patients admitted with the disease in the second wave. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out at three community hospitals in a suburban area of Pune, during the second wave, after prior informed consent of patients through a digital questionnaire to record clinical, demographic and laboratory data.


PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the cardiology department's operational system for improving flexibility by minimizing the patient waiting time and simultaneously maximizing the utilization of service capacity in an uncertain environment. This article also proposes a policy framework that suggests a pool of additional resources and inter-firm collaboration can boost healthcare service delivery excellence.Design/methodology/approachA discrete event simulation (DES) approach is followed for modeling patient flow and determining the service capacity to respond to demand variability and uncertainty. The model's outputs are used to minimize patient waiting time, maximize the utilization of the resources and match the service capacity with the patient demand.FindingsThis research has tested two hypotheses and proved that an increase in waiting time decimates the throughput rate, and additional resources deployment in bottleneck activity positively impacts the throughput rate. The simulated scenarios prescribe an enhanced service capacity with quality care and further contribute to operational performance in reduced waiting time and cost. The results indicate that flexibility reduces the patient waiting time and maximizes the throughput rate.Practical implicationsThe study guides the healthcare policymakers to develop flexible competence and facilitate service mechanisms that are adaptive and robust while operating under a volatile environment. The article contributes to the healthcare literature that conjoins flexibility through simulation and resource utilization.Originality/valueThis research is based on real-life primary data collected from healthcare providers. This study adds value to the healthcare systems to adopt strategic decisions to build flexibility through resource allocation, sharing and coordinated care.


ABSTRACT Both Harris and Howard in their thoughtful papers examine the intersection of the psyche and the social in the context of COVID-19 and racial unrest. The combination of these events has brought into sharp focus the impact of the social on intrapsychic functions. Especially in relation to African Americans and low-income persons, we observe the varied impact of racist and capitalistic driven systemic inequities and the conflicts and resistances that they generate. Psychoanalytic perspectives offer the possibility through reflection, education, and atonement to inform attempts to promote self-care, enlightened interventions, and system change.


Epicentres of earthquakes occurring in the region of the Baikal Rift Zone have a fractal distribution. Temporal variations of the fractal distri bution of the epicentral fields of the South Baikal and Tunka depres sions show that the spatial structure of the fields is still developing. For practically all regions of the Baikal Rift Zone, the seismic fields typical ly have clearly defined similarities at different levels of spatial hierarchy and across a wide energy range of earthquakes The index of seismi city at various scales varies over the zone, with the rift extremities being characterized by the greatest contrast. In this case, even within rela tively small areas, there are always places in which the level of seismic activity is less than in the neighbouring areas by a factor of 3 to 12. Analysis of the orientation of the kinematic P and T axes, esta blished from the focal mechanisms of more than 3000 earthquakes which occurred in the Baikal Rift Zone between 1950 and 1991, reveals a clear axial symmetry of the kinematic field. The axis of symmetry, which runs through the northern part of Lake Baikal, divides the area into two parts, mirror images of each other. The transition between the extensive regional kinematic field of rift style and the global compres sive kinematic field typical of Western Mongolia and Southern Yakutia is characterized by the existence of aseismic zones, symmetrically locat ed at both extremities of the Baikal Rift Zone.


A constrained random search algorithm is introduced to perform system identification for both linear and nonlinear unknown systems. This proposed method is a population based algorithm involving a structured yet randomised information exchange resulting in survival of fittest among the population. It has capabilities of reaching the global solution. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm works well on multimodal error surfaces that are characteristic of linear IIR and general nonlinear adaptive filters.


For promoting the adaptation between machine and material in the process of filter assembling,the factors affecting the assembling quality were analyzed,and the grooves in glue applying roller for tipping paper and the working surface of the rolling plate were modified.The results showed that the thickness of glue on tipping paper and the pressure on cigarette and filter plug impacted by rolling assembly closely related to filter assembling quality.After improvement,the width and depth of grooves on glue applying roller could be chosen depended on the specifications of cigarette and material used;to raise the adhesive strength during rolling,the percentage of cigarettes with defects of wrinkles or air leak in total defective cigarettes decreased from 66.7% to 9.1%;the average rate of cigarette maker shutdown per month reduced from 12.65% to 8.13%.


In this paper we introduce a class A ⊂ L∞(D) such that if φ ∈ Aand satisfies certain positive-definite condition, then there exists aψ ∈ A such that φ(z) ≤ αeψ(z), for some constant α > 0. Further,if φ(z) = hAkz, kzi, for some bounded positive, invertible operator Afrom the Bergman space L2a(D) into itself then ψ(z) = h(log A)kz, kzi.Here kz, z ∈ D are the normalized reproducing kernel of L2a(D). Ap-plications of these results are also discusseonly a non-standard growth condition. We show that our problem admits at least one weak solution. In order to do this, the main tool is the Berkovits degree theory for abstract Hammerstein type mappings.


Social media has revolutionized the medical community by helping health professionals share information more rapidly than ever before and connect with an extraordinarily diverse international audience, all by using their mobile device. At no time did this become more important than at the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when a physician from Wuhan, China first warned of a new respiratory virus on social media. Within a few months, Italy became the new epicenter of the outbreak, and health professionals shared devastating personal accounts of the impact of SARS-CoV-2.


The main purpose of this research is to propose a new methodology to observe a class of time-fractional generalized fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries equations. Laplace transform along with a homotopy perturbation algorithm is utilized for the solution and analysis purpose in the current study. This extended technique provides improved and convergent series solutions through symbolic computation. The proposed methodology is applied to time-fractional Sawada–Kotera, Ito, Lax's, and Kaup–Kupershmidt models, which are induced from a generalized fifth-order KdV equation. For validity purposes, obtained and existing results at integral orders are compared. Convergence analysis was also performed by computing solutions and errors at different values in a fractional domain. Dynamic behavior of the fractional parameter is also studied graphically. Simulations affirm the dominance of the proposed algorithm in terms of accuracy and fewer computations as compared to other available schemes for fractional KdVs. Hence, the projected algorithm can be utilized for more advanced fractional models in physics and engineering.


Making a decision to study in foreign countries is considered one of the most difficult tasks. However, it is one of the most essential and valuable attempts for the students because in foreign countries the quality of lessons are high and they can make huge social relations with learners. Also, China accepts students from all over the world. This study examined the feelings, and motivations of Afghan students; the data was collected through google form and constructed interview which 99 students were the participants. A mixed approach was used for this study. Moreover, the interview was done with those learners who have been completed their higher education in the country of China and the data was analyzed through SPSS 26 version. The findings asserted that learning of students in China is very beneficial as well with the relations of other foreign countries who study in China. Furthermore, the findings indicated more that learners have noticeable achievements in the parts of the culture of China, new technology; learning of Chinese language. Additionally, in China living allowance, medical services, wellequipped dormitories and the services of seeing historical places are free of charge for the better life of students.


Background and aim The immunochemical fecal occult blood test (i-FOBT) is widely used as a recommended screening strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC). A growing number of patients potentially targeted by CRC screening programs are on oral anticoagulant or chronic low-dose aspirin therapy, mainly for primary or secondary cardiovascular prophylaxis. This study aims at evaluating whether the use of these medications may impact on the diagnostic performances of i-FOBT for CRC screening. Methods All i-FOBT-positive patients on anticoagulant or chronic low-dose aspirin therapy recorded in a regional mass screening program database were enrolled as cases. Control groups were derived from the same database and included drug-naive i-FOBT-positive patients, matched in a ratio of 1 : 2 for age (±3 years of age), sex, date of colonoscopy, and practice site. Information about the use of medications was collected by cross-checking patients' interview before colonoscopy and data recorded in the provincial electronic registry of medical prescriptions. The positive predictive value of i-FOBT for significant neoplasia (high-risk adenoma and CRC) was calculated in the case and control groups. Results In a 2-year study period, 2376 patients were recorded in the regional database. Of these patients, 53 (2%) were on anticoagulation (control group of 106 patients) and 172 (6.6%) were on chronic low-dose aspirin treatment (control group of 344 patients). Significant neoplasia was detected in 15 (28.3%) patients on anticoagulants and in 37 (34.9%) corresponding controls (P=0.45). Significant neoplasia was detected in 50 (29.1%) patients on chronic low-dose aspirin and in 107 (31.1%) corresponding controls (P=0.64). Conclusion The positive predictive value of i-FOBT for significant neoplasia is not affected by ongoing anticoagulant or chronic low-dose aspirin therapy. This finding suggests that there is no need to interrupt these treatments before i-FOBT for CRC screening.


Australia's unique mammals offer an untapped genomic resource for comparative genomics. The ARC Centre for Kangaroo Genomics, together with the Australian Genome Reseach Facility (AGRF), is applying high throughput methods and developing new molecular and cytology techniques to map and sequence the genome of our model kangaroo, the tammar wallaby. Marsupial genetics and cytology have a l r e a d y m a d e s i g n i f i c a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e understanding of gene function and evolution, and increasing availability of kangaroo DNA sequence information will provide these benefits on a genomic scale. Here we explore the benefits of the kangaroo genome project, describe the genomic resources now available and those being developed, and summarise the contributions from cytogenetic and genetic studies of marsupials.


The use of a custom-made palladium complex for the telomerisation of isoprene with alcohols under green conditions is described. Using a very low catalyst loading (0.1 mol%), this protocol allows for the reactions to be carried out without the need of high pressure equipment, at room temperature and under solventless conditions, affording high yields of telomerization products with high selectivity towards linear head-to-head and tail-to-head telomers


The main purpose of this article is to examine the knowledge of Korean language at various levels and explore the value of knowledge of Korean language. In the meantime, we have tried to approach grammar in terms of the 'use', and as a result, grammar education has become justified on a higher level of ''Korean language education.'' However, despite these efforts, the status of grammar education is still shaky. This is illustrated by the recent debate on whether grammar (language and media) should be excluded from the College Scholastic Ability Test or the need to convert grammar (language and media) into an elective course in high school subjects.
Attempts to value knowledge itself were relatively small. Since grammar education is essentially a subject of knowledge, shouldn''t efforts be made more aggressive in finding the value of knowledge itself as well as the use of knowledge for certain uses or purposes?
In that sense, it would be meaningful to discuss knowledge in various ways and to find its value. And when this discussion comes together, I think it will raise the status of grammar education. I think that by admitting that there is knowledge that contributes to expressing and understanding, and that there is something that needs to be learned in itself, we can increase the need for grammar education.
Therefore, this article conducts the work of reviewing the knowledge covered in grammar education in various aspects. First, Chapter 2 looks at how knowledge relates to other educational content in grammar education, and what the status of knowledge is in relation to it. Next, in Chapter 3, we think about the type and nature of knowledge in grammar education. Among the various knowledge, knowledge of the grammar system, in particular, is not considered to be helpful in learning the practical functions, which are discussed in Chapter 4. And finally, when we emphasize knowledge, we discuss what our relationship with learners will be like in Chapter 5. I think this will be an opportunity to think about knowledge in a variety of ways through this article.


Background. The complement system and arachidonic acid metabolites are involved in severe myocardial ischemia such as myocardial infarction. Furthermore, there is experimental evidence for C5a participationin thromboxane production. Methods and Results. We examined whether C5a and thromboxane are produced during brief and reversible episodes of myocardial ischemia induced in patients with stable angina. Twenty-five patients underwent either atrial pacing or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty associated with arterial and coronary sinus blood sampling. Rapid atrial stimulation of patients with effort angina caused significant ST segment depression (A ST= -1.7+0.2 mm), decreased fractional lactate extraction (from +12.8±2.5% baseline to -13.7±4.6% at peak ischemia, n=13, p<0.001), and increased coronary sinus plasma thromboxane B2 levels (from 345±85 pg/ml baseline to 1,684±64 pg/ml at peak ischemia, p<0.01). Changes of fractional lactate extraction correlated significantly with changes of coronary sinus plasma levels of thromboxane B2. There was no change of coronary sinus 6-keto-PGFl,i levels. Similar pacing of control subjects (n=6) did not cause release of lactate or thromboxane. Seventeen other patients underwent exercise testing with noninvasive measurements of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in urinary samples collected before and after the test. No detectable increase of urinaryll-dehydrothromboxane B2 was measuredin patients with stable angina after exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. However, basal11-dehydrothromboxane B2 levels were significantly higher in patients with angina (105±25 pg/mmol creatinine, n=9) than in control patients (45±8 pg/mmol creatinine, n=8, p<0.05 between groups). Coronary sinus plasma levels of the anaphylatoxin C5a always remained below 4 ng/ml in patients undergoing pacing. More severe myocardial ischemia after coronary angioplasty (percent lactate extraction decreased from +24.8+2.7% baseline to -41.6+22.4%o at peak ischemia, p<0.05) was not associated with C3a or C5b-9 generation. In all patients, there was neither platelet sequestration nor plateleta-granule release (no changes of f-thromboglobulin/platelet factor 4 levels) into the coronary sinus plasma. Conclusions. Patients with stable angina have chronically increased thromboxane synthesis as assessed by excretion of urinary metabolites. Thromboxane is acutely released into the coronary sinus during pacing-induced ischemia without significant intracoronary platelet aggregation. Complement does not appear to be activated in stable angina during brief and reversible episodes of myocardial ischemia and does not contribute to thromboxane production. (Circulation 1991;84:2054-2062)


Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PADI2) is a widely expressed Ca 2+ ion-dependent enzyme in rodents and humans belonging to Peptidyl Arginine Deiminases (PAD) family. It regulates various cellular processes like proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chromatin organization. Altered expression of PADI2 was associated with various autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders and different types of cancers. Based on our previously published miRNA-mRNA network during the first wave of spermatogenesis in the mouse, Padi2 appeared to be a common potential target of miR-34c and miR-449a in the mouse testes. In the present study, the expression of Padi2 in the mouse testes during the first wave of spermatogenesis was evaluated using real-time PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Transcript levels of Padi2 showed progressive down-regulation during the first wave of spermatogenesis. However, we detected a progressive increase in the levels of PADI2 as the first wave of spermatogenesis progressed, with heavy expression of this protein in post-meiotic germ cells. Additionally, a prominent localization of PADI2 in the acrosomal region of late spermatids and spermatozoa was identified through immunohistochemical analysis. Padi2 expression was identified in germ cell-derived cell lines, C18-4 and GC-1 spg as well. Thus, the present study illustrates for the first time the expression of PADI2 in germ cells in the testis and its predominant localization on the acrosome region of spermatozoa, suggesting its potential role in fertilization.


In this study, we develop a RSS-based educational information system for providing users, such as teachers, students, and parents of students with an adapted information. In order to collect an educational information from diverse web pages we design a web-based RSS reader. The RSS reader reads RSS files from the web sites or blogs which provide RSS feeds and then creates XML documents. The created XML documents are classified and registered into the system. Whenever the registered web-pages are updated, the system can automatically collect the updated information and provide the user with it. Therefore the user can be provided a real-time adapted educational information without searching web-sites from the system.


In this paper, a hierarchical approach to text-independent speaker identiication based on small training data and fast search algorithms is proposed. In this system, driven by the special properties of Mandarin speech, speech signals were segmented into phoneme-like units. For all Mandarin syllables, these phoneme-like units were suitably clustered. Therefore, only 75 syllables, instead of 408 syllables, were needed to train the identiication system. Also, the line spectrum pair (LSP) frequencies were used as the identiication feature. In the training process, a fast K-means algorithm is proposed to reduce the time for vector quantization(VQ). In the identiication process, a three-level hierarchical identiication scheme is proposed to improve the identiication performance. A speaker candidate selector in the rst level and a cluster candidate selector in the second level were proposed to reduce the identiication time. In the third level, a lateral inhibition Gaussian (LIG) network is proposed to give better discrimination among speakers. In the experiments, using a codebook size of 128 vectors for each VQ codebook, an average identiication rate of 91:1% for a token length from 1 to 10 among a population of the 36 speakers (27 male, 9 female) was obtained. As for the experiments on speed, the fast K-means algorithm took about half the time compared to the K-means algorithm, and the speaker candidate selector and cluster candidate selector saved about two thirds the total identiication time.


Intangible cultural heritage is an important symbol of a country's historical and cultural achievements, it is an important part of excellent traditional culture. It is not only of great significance to the study of the evolution of human civilization but also plays a unique role in displaying the diversity of world culture. It is the common cultural wealth of mankind. The research base of intangible cultural heritage which represents local culture plays a vital role in the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. This study aims to propose key performance indicators (KPIs) of the intangible cultural heritage research base institution by integrating STEEP, SWOT, TOWS Matrix, and Balanced Scorecard. The stages of research are using STEEP to analyze the situation and external advantages of intangible cultural heritage research base institution, determine the Strategy formulation and strategy position with SWOT analysis and TOWS Matrix, identify strategy objectives in the Balanced Scorecard framework, then achieve the development of performance indicators (KPIs).


The invention discloses a system and a method for monitoring mobile equipment. The system and the method are used for monitoring the mobile equipment of kids for parents. The system comprises a host and a slave, equipment information of the host and equipment information of the slave can be registered so as to establish a binding relation between the host and the slave; and the slave is provided with an intelligent bracelet which is used for acquiring physical condition information of a kid. When the system for monitoring the mobile equipment is used, the equipment information of the host, the equipment information of the slave and a preset control command can be registered by a parent on the host, so that the parent can monitor the slave used by the kid well through the host, the physical condition information of the kid can be acquired in time, the parent can well manage and monitor the mobile equipment such as a mobile phone or a laptop which is used by the kid, and the physical condition of the kid can be detected and monitored.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline the critical success factors for crafting a strategic architecture for e‐learning at HP University.Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive survey type of research design was used. An empirical study was conducted on students enrolled with the International Centre for Distance and Open Learning who were attending personal contact programs (PCPs) in professional courses so as to elicit the importance of e‐learning in distance education programs.Findings – From the research questions for implementing e‐learning it was found that the current practices of instruction are satisfactory, the centers where PCPs are not sufficiently equipped for the training of learners and resource persons at PCPs do not have interest in the ICT program although the learners are ICT savvy, but there is no regular electricity supply, sufficient facilities and consumables for the usage.Research limitations/implications – Although an empirical study was conducted, the respondents,...


Objective To identify the influence of the rhinoplasty on the body image of the persons receiving the rhinoplasty,and to discuss the postoperative changes of body image of the patients with body dysmorphic disorder.Methods 108 patients were tested with the self-rating body dysmorphic disorder scale before and after the rhinoplasty,and the results were analyzed.Results The scores about the degree of the body image concerned,the degree of the emotion damnified,and the degree of the social intercourse were higher than those about other aspects.The prevalence of the body dysmorphic disorder in the patients receiving the rhinoplasty was 16.7%.In the all patients,the score of the preoperative scales was 19.23±11.69,and that of the postoperative scales was 15.89±10.26(P0.01).In the patients with body dysmorphic disorder,the score of the preoperative scales was 45.36 ±5.27,and that of the postoperative scales was 31.08±9.14(P0.05).The items of the scores which were decreased after the rhinoplasty were focused on the sense of the body defect,the degree of the emotion damnified,and the degree of social intercourse.Conclusion The patients receiving the rhinoplasty pay much attention to their own body image preoperatively,and their emotion are damnified severely.The rhinoplasty can improve their body image.Body dysmorphic disorder is the frequent psychological complication in the patients receiving the rhinoplasty,and the rhinoplaty can help the patients with body dysmorphic disorder to eliminate the negative body image.


ABSTRACT Early treatment of meningococcal meningitis is mandatory but may negate the cerebrospinal fluid culture. Etiological diagnosis then mainly relies on PCR. Here, we report a case of false-negative results for real-time PCR for a Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B isolate with a polymorphism in the ctrA gene.


Suspension systems are automotive parts which absorb sudden impacts caused by roads and providing comfort have an essential role in the automotive sector. Reducing weight is a fundamental way to decrease energy consumption and emission release. This study establishes improvement conditions by analysing layered composite springs which have different compositions and different support angles under various weights. Ten plaques which made with various compositions chitosan and carbon nanotubes, also one-way glass fiber/epoxy composite plaques with prepreg method and one unalloyed plaque were produced. Standard samples were extracted by water jet and pull&push test were applied to identify mechanical properties. Five standard samples were used to identify each mechanical property. Mechanical properties of samples with different compositions were compared. Identified mechanical properties were used as material properties at the ANSYS ACP PRE&POST analysis program. Composite spring thicknes were 12 mm and it is composed of 60 layers. Static analysis of composite springs modelled with five different layer orders was done by applying 1000 N, 2000 N, 3000 N and 3750 N force. Collapse, stress and shape changes of composite springs were examined at static analyses. Analysis show that unalloyed composite leaf spring is more resistant than its counterparts. When Layer Order 1 (TD1) [0°)] 60 with the same direction for fiber and horizontal axis of composite leaf spring is compared with others, it is seen that composite spring with TD1 is more rigid against bending. Damage analysis was done with ACP POST program according to Tsai-Wu and Hashin standards and it is seen that end points of springs were mostly damaged. Most damaged one is the TD5 leaf spring with [(0° 5 /90° 5 /45° 10 /-45° 10 )] s layer order under 3750 N according to Tsai-Wu standard. In addition to that, composite leaf springs were %49,84 lighter than mostly used one leaf steel counterparts.


This paper presents a parsimonious, structural model that isolates primary economic determinants of the level and dispersion of managerial ownership, firm scale, and performance and the empirical associations among them. In particular, variation across firms and through time of estimated productivity parameters for physical assets and managerial input and corresponding variation in optimal compensation contract and firm size combine to deliver the well-known hump-shaped relation between Tobin's Q and managerial ownership. To assess the effectiveness of standard econometric approaches to the endogeneity problem, we apply those remedies to panel data generated from the model. The unfortunate conclusion is that, at least in the ownership–performance context, proxy variables, fixed effects, and instrumental variables do not generally provide reliable solutions to simultaneity bias.


With the development of the computer technology and the network technology,network office OA systems have been widely used and developed in enterprises,universities and government departments.Development of the OA system has become the urgent need for many enterprises and institutions.The paper discusses the ASP.NET and SQL Server as a development tool.By adopting the "overall planning,step by step" development strategy and the modular design principles,the data flow and data structure have been analyzed in detail and a complete OA system development program has been proposed.


Experimental data for the pressure-driven flow of concentrated lignocellulosic biomass (corn stover) in a circular pipe are presented. A positive curvature was observed in the pressure profile at steady state, both when the biomass was flowing, and for several minutes after the flow had stopped. After the flow into the pipe was stopped, biomass continued to be expelled for at least five minutes, suggesting that the material is compressible. Occasionally, the pressure and outlet flow rate exhibited rapid, transient fluctuations. The fluctuations would cease when dryer-than-average heterogeneities exited the pipe. A mathematical model is developed to treat the biomass as a compressible Bingham fluid with a density-dependent yield stress. This model quantitatively reproduces steady-state pressure profiles for both flowing and nonflowing states, and captures the transition between the two states after the inlet flow rate is set to zero. Our model cannot predict the rapid pressure fluctuations that appear to be associated with heterogeneities in composition.Experimental data for the pressure-driven flow of concentrated lignocellulosic biomass (corn stover) in a circular pipe are presented. A positive curvature was observed in the pressure profile at steady state, both when the biomass was flowing, and for several minutes after the flow had stopped. After the flow into the pipe was stopped, biomass continued to be expelled for at least five minutes, suggesting that the material is compressible. Occasionally, the pressure and outlet flow rate exhibited rapid, transient fluctuations. The fluctuations would cease when dryer-than-average heterogeneities exited the pipe. A mathematical model is developed to treat the biomass as a compressible Bingham fluid with a density-dependent yield stress. This model quantitatively reproduces steady-state pressure profiles for both flowing and nonflowing states, and captures the transition between the two states after the inlet flow rate is set to zero. Our model cannot predict the rapid pressure fluctuations that appear to b...


This is a study of collective memory and, more precisely, the social construction of public history, based on a longitudinal comparison of periods in the development of California and its original capital, the city of Monterey. It begins with a review of the diverse field of collective memory and goes on to suggest that a central and organizing question in this research concerns how societies represent their past. Two theories summarize different views on this question: cultural domination and social memory. The theories are described and then evaluated in the California study. The conclusion argues for a new collective-action theoretical framework premised on the interplay of institutions, social action and narrative.


I/O deduplication is a key technique for improving storage systems' space and I/O efficiency. Among various deduplication techniques content-defined chunking (CDC) based deduplication is the most desired one for its high deduplication ratio. However, CDC is compute-intensive and time-consuming, and has been recognized as a major performance bottleneck of the CDC-based deduplication system. In this paper we leverage the existence of a property in the duplicate data, named duplicate locality, that reveals the fact that multiple duplicate chunks are likely to occur together. In other words, one duplicate chunk is likely to be immediately followed by a sequence of contiguous duplicate chunks. The longer the sequence, the stronger the locality is. After a quantitative analysis of duplicate locality in real-world data, we propose a suite of chunking techniques that exploit the locality to remove almost all chunking cost for deduplicatable chunks in CDC-based deduplication systems. The resulting deduplication method, named RapidCDC, has two salient features. One is that its efficiency is positively correlated to the deduplication ratio. RapidCDC can be as fast as a fixed-size chunking method when applied on data sets with high data redundancy. The other feature is that its high efficiency does not rely on high duplicate locality strength. These attractive features make RapidCDC's effectiveness almost guaranteed for datasets with high deduplication ratio. Our experimental results with synthetic and real-world datasets show that RapidCDC's chunking speedup can be up to 33x higher than regular CDC. Meanwhile, it maintains (nearly) the same deduplication ratio.


The quantum theory of a driven damped harmonic oscillator is presented. By using iteration methods the time development of the density operator for the oscillator is obtained and its normally ordered generating functional is written. The field of the oscillator appears to be the superposition of three fields. The first field, which shows the damping of the oscillator, is statistically similar to the one before the interaction; the second one is a coherent field that depends on the driving field; and the third describes a thermal field. In order to evaluate two-time averages by differentiation, a two-time generating functional of the oscillator is obtained. This functional allows two-time averages to be computed from one-time averages before the interaction.


A new line of research on communications and signals design for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has recently emerged in the communication literature. Promising signal strategies to maximize the power transfer efficiency of WPT rely on (energy) beamforming, waveform, modulation and transmit diversity, and a combination thereof. To a great extent, the study of those strategies has so far been limited to theoretical performance analysis. In this paper, we study the real over-the-air performance of all the aforementioned signal strategies for WPT. To that end, we have designed, prototyped and experimented an innovative radiative WPT architecture based on Software-Defined Radio (SDR) that can operate in open-loop and closed-loop (with channel acquisition at the transmitter) modes. The prototype consists of three important blocks, namely the channel estimator, the signal generator, and the energy harvester. The experiments have been conducted in a variety of deployments, including frequency flat and frequency selective channels, under static and mobility conditions. Experiments highlight that a channel-adaptive WPT architecture based on joint beamforming and waveform design offers significant performance improvements in harvested DC power over conventional single-antenna/multi-antenna continuous wave systems. The experimental results fully validate the observations predicted from the theoretical signal designs and confirm the crucial and beneficial role played by the energy harvester nonlinearity.


We report angle-resolved photoemission experiments identifying an arc-like surface state connecting the bulk electron and hole pockets of the candidate type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2. This surface state can be isolated clearly on one of two distinct surface terminations observed experimentally, which we associate with the in-equivalent top and bottom surfaces of the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure. We further use the identification of the two different surfaces to clarify the number of bulk Fermi surface sheets in WTe2.


My task for this retrospective was to discuss John Higham's treatment of region in Strangers in the Land, with particular reference to the American West. My analysis looks especially at race and imperialism. These choices reflect in part the interests and approaches of John Higham, but also the general direction of the field of western history in the twenty-first century.


This article shows main stages of development of the reservation system. Attention is paid to the con-tribution of Ukrainian and foreign scientists dealing with the development of the reservation system. Re-serves classifications at every stage of system devel-opment have been shown in this article. Key words: reserve, system, formation


Using online primary sources is both rewarding and challenging for users. Improving subject access is essential as these sources become increasingly important in educational curricula. A user needs assessment with humanities users showed improving findability and context for historical subjects were major needs. Linked Data can help by linking related concepts in the sources using specialized vocabularies, enriching them with outside resources, and enabling semantic services that empower users. This article discusses a project to enhance subject access in an online World War I collection by deep linking historical data on the civilian experience in occupied Belgium and France.


We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel miniature electron impact gas ionizer manufactured via silicon micromachining and high-resolution 3D printing. The ionizer uses an array of 2,500 gated silicon nano-sharp field emitters (20 μm emitter pitch) as cathode and a set of additively manufactured, finely featured polymer and metallic parts as three-dimensional ion-generating structure. Finite element simulation of a gated field emitter tip predicts a start-up bias voltage equal to 64 V –close to the 62 V turn-on bias voltage estimated via experiments. The Si field emitter array emits 124.5 μA of electron current with ~60% gate transmission while operating at 200 V. The ionization efficiency of the gas ionizer is linear with pressure, reaching values as high as ~0.4% at 5×10−4 Torr.


THE dependence of the energy of shower particles on their angle of emission in the laboratory system of coordinates (l.s. )1 has been analyzed by Huzita.2 The resulting double-valued dependence is interpreted as a consequence of two or more collisions taking place in the interaction between the primary particle with the nucleons of the target nucleus. If this conclusion is accepted, then the dependence should be multi-valued for other showers, especially when the primary is multiply charged. However, for a shower produced by a multi -charged particle (a case found and analyzed in our laboratory ) the dependence pv = f ( 1/ sin 8 ) (where p and v are the momentum and velocity of the particle and 8 is the spatial angle of emission in l.s. ) , is also found to be double-valued (see Fig. 1, curves A and B). The double-valued dependence is also observed for the shower described by Boos et al., 3 produced in a nucleon-nucleon collision. The observed character of the dependence of the energy of shower particles on the angle of their emission in certain showers can probably be explained by kinematic considerations without any assumptions concerning the mechanism of interaction of the primary particle with one or several nucleons of the target nucleus. In the observed high-energy showers (jets), there are no shower particles emitted in the backward direction in the l.s. This indicates that, in such cases,


ABSTRACT . The problem in this research was the low ability of mild mentally retardation children of class II in SLB Aisyiyah Tulangan – Sidoarjo to mathematics subject matter of 1 – 10 addition material. This research had purpose to know the children's ability to the material of 1 – 10 addition in learning mathematics through bowling game. This research was a class treatment research using descriptive qualitative approach. The subject in this research was mild mentally retardation children of class II in SLB Aisyiyah Tulangan – Sidoarjo which consisted of 4 boys and 2 girls. The instruments used in this research were the observation of children's activities sheet and evaluation in the end of lesson. Through bowling game, learning mathematics of 1 – 10 addition could enhance the learning result of the mild mentally retardation children of class II in SLB Aisyiyah Tulangan – Sidoarjo. This was proved by the enhancement of the children's learning result to each meeting so that it reached 7,3 above the criteria standard of minimum completeness determined by the school i.e. 7,0. The children's learning acitvity using bowling game to 1 – 10 addition ran well and effectively. The children's response toward bowling game in mathematics subject matter with the material of 1 – 10 addition was very positive and fun. Keywords: Learning mathematics, bowling game


The research aims at implementing character education and literacy culture in Public Elementary School (SDN) 2 Lingkis of Jejawi District. The field research with a descriptive approach applied in this study. The research subjects were the principal and teachers of SDN 2 Lingkis of Jejawi District. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews and documentation. Furthermore, the data were analyzed qualitatively by means of data reduction, data presentation and verification, and conclusions. Based on the results, it was found that: the implementation of character education is realized through the inculcation of character values on the artifact layer in school culture; the application of literacy culture in schools is carried out at the habituation stage; the development stage; and the learning stage.


This paper analyses the performance of a rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system installed in south China and an open rack photovoltaic system in remote desert in northwest China. A subsystem of the rooftop system and a subsystem of the desert PV system are monitored by a movable monitoring system. The results showed that the performance ratio (PR) of the rooftop subsystem and the open rack PV subsystem is 0.88 and 0.80 respectively. The analysis showed that PR is not influenced by Yr except Yr lower than 1.0 h/d. The final yield Yf increased with the increasing of reference yield Yr. The Loss Ratio (LRc) of the open rack PV subsystem is 15.51% and it is much higher than 15.51% of the rooftop subsystem. The main reason is considered as much higher dirt losses and line losses of the open rack PV subsystem in rainy and humid region in south China than that of the rooftop subsystem in dry, windy and dusty region in northwest China. The Balance of System Loss Ratio (LRBOS) of the rooftop subsystem is a little higher than that of the open rack PV subsystem. The main losses of the rooftop subsystem is LRBOS while the main losses of the open rack PV subsystem is LRc.


Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a potentially debilitating chronic disease in most cases diagnosed after an acute relapse and characterized by the occurrence of relapse in most patients. Due to the unknown course of the disease patients in early phases must deal with the stress of anticipation of a relapse and unpredictable consequences of that relapse. Objective: This is the first effort to develop a self-report measure of Fear of Relapse (FoR) in patients with Relapsing-Remitting (RR) MS. Methods: A 31- item scale was created from in-depth clinical interviews with 33 RRMS patients. This scale was completed by 168 RRMS patients (51 patients completed the scale one more time a month later) who completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) as well. Results: A factor analysis revealed three components, and five items failed to load on any of them. The final version of the scale consisted of 26 items. Two-components solution factor analysis after pooling the FoR items once with DASS items and once with IUS items revealed independency of the FoR from previously developed scales. Cronbach's Alpha was equal to 0.92. Test-retest reliability for total score was equal to 0.74 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The FoR scale proved to be a highly reliable and valid measure in RRMS patients and application of that in future studies trying to create a psychological profile of patients at earlier stages of the disease can help researchers and clinicians to have a more comprehensive image.


The invention discloses a dynamic bandwidth allocation method capable of combining bandwidth utilization and fairness among optical nodes. An optical line terminal (OLT) allocates the overall bandwidth to each optical network unit (ONU) according to the requested bandwidth of each optical network unit (ONU) by using the bandwidth allocation method capable of combining the bandwidth utilization and the fairness. In the method provided by the invention, a working mechanism of a counter is utilized, a priority queue and the fairness among the ONUs can be supported, and the improved ONU can be applied to a plurality of different environments such as file transfer protocol (FTP) servers and video on demand (VOD) services to greatly improve the performance of a system.


Sun, 09 Dec 2018 09:31:00 GMT intelligent systems and technologies methods pdf Various forms of wireless communications technologies have been proposed for intelligent transportation systems. Radio modem communication on UHF and VHF frequencies ... Mon, 10 Dec 2018 03:04:00 GMT Intelligent transportation system Wikipedia Automation, Control and Intelligent Systems (ACIS) provides readers with a compilation of stimulating and up-to-date articles within the field of intelligent ... Fri, 07 Dec 2018 22:20:00 GMT Automation, Control and Intelligent Systems :: Science ... Artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by ... Sun, 09 Dec 2018 14:46:00 GMT Artificial intelligence Wikipedia ArtsIT 2018 7th EAI International Conference: ArtsIT, Interactivity & Game Creation October 24-26, 2018 Braga, Portugal Wed, 05 Dec 2018 09:22:00 GMT ArtsIT 2018 7th EAI International Conference: ArtsIT ...


Parasitic computing is a method in which a normal authorised interactions with the help of another computer through the unauthorised interactions or we can say that the parasitic computing is a type of exploit or security exploit in which the program which is implementing the parasitic computing is unauthorised to the resources available in the computer at that time as we know that in today's era the name hacking plays a vital role in which the hacker wants an unauthorised access to the resources available in the computer of the host.


Nearly 200 karstic caves of the Meuse River Basin of Belgium preserve collective burials dated to the Late Neolithic. The gnathic remains from five well preserved sites provide an opportunity to explore potential relationship among these cave burials.
The cave burials of Hastière Caverne M, Hastière Trou Garçon C, Maurenne Caverne de la Cave, Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame are dated to circa 4,635 to 3,830 years BP. Dental casts from mandibular and maxillary deciduous molars are scored using the ASUDAS.
Carabelli's trait varies from a small, Y-shaped depression to a full cusp, and the largest ones are found at Hastière Caverne M. The mandibular first molars have three to five cusps and the second molars have five, with one instance of six cusps at Bois Madame, which exceeds the range of variation for other dental traits.  The hypoconulid ranges from small to very large. A metaconulid is absent or small.
Although the results are contingent on idiosyncratic preservation, differences in the frequencies of traits exist between the earlier cave burial from Hastière Caverne M and the late/final Neolithic burials of Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame, the latter of which is the most variable in the expression of dental traits.


Sedimentary facies of the lower member 3 of Dongying Formation in the area B are found mainly including braided-delta and lacustrine facies based on the data of seismic, well logging, core and chemical analysis data and the synthetical analysis and systemic sedimentary mapping. Braided-delta facies consisting of delta front subfacies are located in south of area B. Braided-delta front subfacies include mouth bars and distal bars microfacies. Other areas are characterized by near lake shore sediment, which is mainly mud and near lake-shore sandy bars. The area along the belt of Well B1 and Well B11 is covered by near lake-shore sandy bars with the area of nearly 70 kilometers square. The sandy bars, whose skeleton grains are dominated by quartz, are composed of shingly gritstone, shingly packsand, and fine packsand. The sandy bars have low-angle cross bedding, whose lamina is orthoscopic and intersected in low angle, presented by orientated gravel or dark constituent. The mouth bars, distal bars and near lake-shore sandy bars are high quality reservoirs of the lower member 3 of Dongying Formation.


The seepage pressure reduction project of overflow dam sections of Fengman dam was to solve the dam body leakage problem. On the basis of bidding design, construction parameters shall be determined by productivity test. These grouting construction parameters, directive standard and results of investigative test made for the curtain grouting at concrete dam body was of great meaning for similar projects in aspects such as project design, construction technology and optimization of construction parameters.


Non-Conformal Numerical Methods Non-conformal numerical methods, such as non-conformal domain decomposition methods (DDMs) [1], the multisolver DDM, the integral equations discontinuous Galerkin (IEDG) method [2], and the newly developed embedded domain decomposition methods [3] have been introduced successfully within the computational electromagnetic (CEM) community. I will briefly review these methodologies and highlight some recent advancements that we have made to further enhance their adoption for engineering applications. Engineering Applications In recent years, we have witnessed many engineering applications benefited from the employment of CEM, such as antenna designs, electromagnetic wave interactions with convoluted 3D platforms, signal integrity analysis in highly complex electronics, just to name a few. The second part of my talk will detail two specific engineering applications: integration of non-conformal numerical methods with the neural network to design frequency selective surface on doubly-curved surfaces, and the co-simulation to conduct emission and vulnerability analyses of analog mixed signal (AMS) chips on printed circuit board (PCB). Biography: Jin-Fa Lee received the B.S. degree from National Taiwan University, in 1982 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1986 and 1989, respectively, all in electrical engineering. From 1988 to 1990, he was with ANSOFT Corp., where he developed several CAD/CAE finite element programs for modeling threedimensional microwave and millimeter-wave circuits. From 1990 to 1991, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. From 1991 to 2000, he was with Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute. He joined the Ohio State University at 2001 where he is currently a Professor in the Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Prof. Lee is an IEEE fellow and was serving as an associate editor for IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagation from 2008 to 2013. Prof. Lee is the conference co-Chair of the ACES Conference, 2012, at Columbus. He was an IEEE APS Distinguished Lecturer from 2012 to 2014. Prof. Lee is one of the co-authors of the 2014 Sergei A. Schelkunoff Prize Paper Award and is the recipient of the 2016 HarringtonMittra CEM award from IEEE AP Society. Prof. Lee received the distinguished scholar award from the Ohio State University for the year 2012. 10:30-11:30 Keynote 2 Millimeter wave planar arrays in "Tokyo Tech Wireless Fiber Project" -B5G Heterogeneous Network and Planetary ExplorationProf. Makoto Ando, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Abstract: Unique planar waveguide slot arrays have been developed in Tokyo Institute of Technology. The low loss and high gain characteristics stand out in high frequency. The design started from the single layer waveguide with traveling wave excitation with minimized conductor loss and then was extended to multiple layers with corporate feed for wider bandwidth. In 5G and beyond, millimeter and even terahertz frequency will be utilized, and these arrays are promising for it. This talk introduces the proof-of-concept demonstration of the millimeter wave heterogenous network systems named as "Tokyo Tech Wireless Fiber Project" supported by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, JAPAN. The compact range communication in 60GHz and the direction division duplex system in 40GHz were developed where high gain waveguide planar arrays were fully utilized for big file transfer. Another application is the radial line slot antenna (RLSA) in 32GHz on board of JAXA Asteroid explorer "Hayabusa 2" which came back to earth on 6 December 2020. Latest development of arrays of these types would also be mentioned in the light of the increasing roles of wireless technology in the society. Unique planar waveguide slot arrays have been developed in Tokyo Institute of Technology. The low loss and high gain characteristics stand out in high frequency. The design started from the single layer waveguide with traveling wave excitation with minimized conductor loss and then was extended to multiple layers with corporate feed for wider bandwidth. In 5G and beyond, millimeter and even terahertz frequency will be utilized, and these arrays are promising for it. This talk introduces the proof-of-concept demonstration of the millimeter wave heterogenous network systems named as "Tokyo Tech Wireless Fiber Project" supported by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, JAPAN. The compact range communication in 60GHz and the direction division duplex system in 40GHz were developed where high gain waveguide planar arrays were fully utilized for big file transfer. Another application is the radial line slot antenna (RLSA) in 32GHz on board of JAXA Asteroid explorer "Hayabusa 2" which came back to earth on 6 December 2020. Latest development of arrays of these types would also be mentioned in the light of the increasing roles of wireless technology in the society. Biography: Makoto Ando received his doctorate of engineering in electrical engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1979. He subsequently joined NTT and was engaged in the development of antennas for satellite communication. He moved to Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1982 and served as a Professor and 2015-2018 Executive Vice President for Research. In 2018, he moved to National Institute of Technology (KOSEN) where he is currently serving as the senior executive director. His main interests have been field and waves in radio science, especially high frequency diffraction theory, the design of waveguide planar arrays, and millimeter-wave antennas for future wireless communication. He plays a leading role in the promotion of a wide range of applications of millimeter-wave wireless communications in Japan. His international activities have included service as 2009 president of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, 2018-2019 President of The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE), Japan and the Chair of the ISAP International Steering Committee and 2017-2020 president of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), Professor Ando is a fellow of IEEE, URSI and an honorary member of IEICE. Recognized by the IEICE with the Distinguished Achievement and Contributions Award, he has also received the Inoue Prize for Science, both the Meritorious Award on Radio and the Meritorious Award on Contributions to the Promotion of Computerization from the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) and the 2016 Culture Award from the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK). 11:30-12:30 Keynote 3 Mobile Antenna Perspectives: From 4G/5G to B5G/6G Prof. Kin-Lu Wong, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan Abstract: Based on mobile antenna developments from 4G to 5G communications, mobile antenna perspectives for beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G communications are addressed. The corresponding frequency spectrums including low-band, midband and high-band from 1G/2G/3G to 4G/5G are first discussed and their promising evolution to B5G/6G mobile communication are then elaborated. It should be noted that the frequency spectrum from low to high bands are required for wider coverage and higher throughput for mobile communication. To achieve higher throughput such as the multiGbps throughput for 5G mobile terminals, the multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) operation in the sub-6GHz band to support at least 4 MIMO streams and the high-gain beamforming operation in the millimeter-wave band have been applied. The corresponding advances in the system throughput testing for the 5G mobile antennas in real environments are introduced. Finally, based on advanced 5G mobile antenna development and the possible frequency spectrum for B5G/6G mobile communication, promising design concepts of the mobile antennas for future user equipment and access points are discussed. Based on mobile antenna developments from 4G to 5G communications, mobile antenna perspectives for beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G communications are addressed. The corresponding frequency spectrums including low-band, midband and high-band from 1G/2G/3G to 4G/5G are first discussed and their promising evolution to B5G/6G mobile communication are then elaborated. It should be noted that the frequency spectrum from low to high bands are required for wider coverage and higher throughput for mobile communication. To achieve higher throughput such as the multiGbps throughput for 5G mobile terminals, the multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) operation in the sub-6GHz band to support at least 4 MIMO streams and the high-gain beamforming operation in the millimeter-wave band have been applied. The corresponding advances in the system throughput testing for the 5G mobile antennas in real environments are introduced. Finally, based on advanced 5G mobile antenna development and the possible frequency spectrum for B5G/6G mobile communication, promising design concepts of the mobile antennas for future user equipment and access points are discussed. Biography: Prof. Kin-Lu Wong is a National Chair Professor of Ministry of Education, a Distinguished Researcher of Ministry of Science and Technology, a Distinguished Chair Professor with National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, a Thomson Reuters Highly Cited Researcher, an Elsevier Most Cited Researcher, and an IEEE Fellow. He has graduated 56 PhD students, published 560 refereed journal papers, and granted over 300 patents, including 101 U.S. patents. Prof. Wong's published articles have been cited over 30,000 times with an H-index of 83 in Google Scholar. He was General Chairs of 2012 APMC, 2014 ISAP, and 2016 APCAP held in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 13:20-15:00 Oral Sessions


This is a review of child growth studies carried out in China over half a oentury with the bulk of data collected after liberation. Materials presented are related to the following: growth standards, secular trend, hereditary influence, geographical and ethnic differences, effects of socio-economic status, nutrition and endemic diseases and adolescent growth which includes radiographic study of hands and wrists, sequence of appearance of secondary sex characters and serum levels of luteinizing hormones. Data collected in the Shanghai area have been liberally used and illustrated in graphs and tables in comparison with those reported elsewhere in the country and abroad.The overall impression of growth of children and adolescents is that there has been steady upward trend of growth in body heights both in urban and rural areaso Environmental factors have been shown to play an important role in causing the observed differences and changes.


The problem of estimating the ratio of the means of a two-component Poisson mixture model is considered, when each component is subject to zero-inflation, i.e., excess zero counts. The resulting zero-inflated Poisson mixture (ZIPM) model can be treated as a three-component Poisson mixture model with one degenerate component. The EM algorithm is applied to obtain frequentist estimators and their standard errors, the latter determined via an explicit expression for the observed information matrix. Bayes and empirical Bayes estimators also are obtained by means of conjugate priors and their data-based variants. Lastly, the ZIPM distribution and the ZTP (zero-truncated Poisson) distribution are compared.


Embodiments of the invention proposes a method of identifying plug-class networking simulator game. A method comprising: monitoring conditions relating to the simulator to play critical roles in the data, and when the monitoring conditions are satisfied, transmitting a game character key data to the server; the server parses the data key player character and a game character when it is determined that the key data is abnormal, it was confirmed the game character has a plug-in. After applying the embodiment of the present invention, carried out by key players in the game data on the number of characters to life, blood, score and other game character control, and the data sent to the server, verify the server, you can discover plug-in player behavior .


The invention discloses an online learning system with an anti-indulgence function. The system comprises multiple terminals with display interfaces, and is characterized in that each terminal comprises a user registration module, an uploading module, a downloading module, an anti-indulgence module, an expression identification module, a voice acquisition and identification module, a storage module, a scoring module and a curriculum synchronization module. The online learning system has the following advantages: the purpose of monitoring is realized by determining whether a learner is at a learning state according to the facial expression of the learner, besides, whether pronunciation of the learner is accurate can also be determined according to the change of a mouth shape of the learner through combination with voice identification, timely correction and guidance are realized, errors of the leaner can also be fed back to the learner so that the learner can correct the errors, and synchronous learning can also be carried out according to the different terminals.


Disclosed is a piston engine pre-chamber structure, which includes a pre-chamber combustion room in which a mixture of fuel and air is burnt; a sub room which is connected to the pre-chamber combustion room and has inclined walls; and a pre-chamber compression room which has a main room extended from the sub room, while the fuel is intensively attached to the walls of the pre-chamber compression room and does not linger.


The effective functioning of high-performance agricultural machinery requires taking into account its technical characteristics when organizing the territory of agricultural organizations. The article discusses the issues arising during land management in agricultural organizations, identifies the features of the use of agricultural machinery, presents the technical characteristics of foreign and domestic harvesters in various natural zones of the Russian Federation, and formulates recommendations that must be taken into account when designing crop rotations and arranging their territory in projects of on-farm land management.


AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of intravenous contrastenhanced C-arm computed tomography(CT) for assessing ablative areas and margins of liver tumors.METHODS:Twelve patients(5 men,7 women;mean age,69.5 years) who had liver tumors(8 hepatocellular carcinomas,4 metastatic liver tumors;mean size,16.3 mm;size range,8-20 mm) and who underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablations(RFAs) with a flatdetector C-arm system were retrospectively reviewed.Intravenously enhanced C-arm CT and multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) images were obtained at the end of the RFA sessions and 3-7 d after RFA to evaluate the ablative areas and margins.The ablated areas and margins were measured using axial plane images acquired by both imaging techniques,with prior contrast-enhanced MDCT images as the reference.The sensitivity,specificity,and positive and negative predictive values of C-arm CT for detecting insufficient ablative margins(< 5 mm) were calculated.Statistical differences in the ablative areas and margins evaluated with both imaging techniques were compared using a paired t-test.RESULTS:All RFA procedures were technically successful.Of 48 total ablative margins,19(39.6%) and 20(41.6%) margins were found to be insufficient with C-arm CT and MDCT,respectively.Moreover,there were no significant differences between these 2 imaging techniques in the detection of these insufficient ablative margins.The sensitivity,specificity,and positive and negative predictive values for detecting insufficient margins by C-arm CT were 90.0%,96.4%,94.7% and 93.1%,respectively.The mean estimated ablative areas calculated from C-arm CT(462.5 ± 202.1 mm 2) and from MDCT(441.2 ± 212.5 mm 2) were not significantly different.The mean ablative margins evaluated by C-arm CT(6.4 ± 2.2 mm) and by MDCT(6.0 ± 2.4 mm) were also not significantly different.CONCLUSION:The efficacy of intravenous contrastenhanced C-arm CT in assessing the ablative areas and margins after RFA of liver tumors is nearly equivalent to that of MDCT.


Abstract:This study examined the modality of instruction among signed language interpreter education programs in the United States. Faculty members were surveyed to assess their rationale and implementation of language policies within their respective programs. Modality of instruction encompasses spoken languages, signed languages, or a combination of both of these modalities. The researchers identified types of programs based on degree level and language used for instruction. A survey was distributed to identify language use during instructional interactions with interpreting students, with special attention paid to sign language interpreting programs. Results of this study indicated faculty members' choice of language of instruction was primarily driven by course content. Other themes identified as motivating factors for support (or not) of language policies for instructional purposes included student comprehension and program needs.


The article analyses the situation foreign language education faces, discusses the cultural differences between China and west, puts forward the cultural knowledge structure, cultural ability and cultural quality foreign language teachers should possess, makes some suggestions on training teachers' cultural quality.


THE 1999 EDWARD C. SOBOTA LECTURE In 1942, over 120,000 Americans were stripped of their businesses and their homes and incarcerated for the duration of World War II.(1) They committed no offense. They were convicted of no crime. They were suspected, arrested, had their property confiscated and were imprisoned because of the color of their skin and their national origin or the national origin of their parents. The Japanese-American internment in 1942 was an exercise in a traditional American abuse. That abuse was to substitute skin color and national origin for evidence, and to punish on that basis alone. When I say that the Japanese-American internment was a traditional American abuse, I mean that it did not occur in a cultural, legal or political vacuum. It was one of the worst abuses the United States government ever visited upon its own citizens, but it was not the only such abuse. During the time of the internment, Jim Crow laws(2) and formal racial segregation existed in the American South and was so reified that virtually no one in this country could imagine it ending. A nation that had long ago learned to tolerate and accept Jim Crow laws (victimizing African-Americans) was well-equipped and well-prepared to accept internment (victimizing Japanese-Americans). A kind of unified field theory of color discrimination existed back then, and thrived upon the same misbegotten principle, which, except in rare instances, went largely unchallenged. Well, now it's fifty-seven years later, and we like to congratulate ourselves. The country likes to congratulate itself. The polls reflect that we've congratulated ourselves. And even Congress, even this Congress, congratulates itself on being past all that. Jim Crow laws are a thing of the past. We don't punish on the basis of skin color anymore, we tell ourselves. Now, what disparities exist are predominantly based on class and economics. The Japanese-American internment is now universally recognized as something we're all ashamed of, and even Ronald Reagan, in 1988, came to call it an act of war hysteria and racism.(3) He was a tad late. The American Civil Liberties Union called it that in 1942. But that's often the way it is with expressions of civic morality. It's important to be there when the immorality occurs, so that something can be done about it. Retrospective morality is too easy, and rarely helps the victims. And so it must be said--now, not later--that in the United States today we are not yet past using skin color as a substitute for evidence and a proxy for suspicion. On our highways, on our streets, in our airports, and at our customs checkpoints, skin color once again, irrespective of class, and without distinctions based on education or economic status, skin color once again is being used as a cause for suspicion, and a sufficient reason to violate people's rights. We all know what the statistics are, or at least most of us know what the statistics are. In places like Maryland, for example, one of the few states where we've been able to gather systematic statistics, 17% percent of the drivers along a stretch of I-95, outside of Baltimore, are African-American.(4) But 73% percent of those who are pulled over, stopped, and subjected to extensive, humiliating searches are African-American.(5) Nor is this color discrimination limited to targeting African-Americans. Twenty one percent of all drivers along that stretch are racial minorities--African-Americans, Latinos, Asians, and others.(6) Yet 80% of those pulled over and subjected to searches are minorities.(7) That degree of statistical disproportion is highly unlikely to be the product of chance. In fact, it is not the product of chance. It is the product of purpose. Nor is Maryland an isolated instance. In those few states where we have been able to gather similar systematic statistics, like New Jersey(8) and Pennsylvania,(9) the same kinds of disparities have emerged. …


A simple and fast analytical method combining slurry preparation, hydride generation, and trapping on iridium-treated graphite tubes is presented to determine Sb in soil samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-ETAAS). Chemometric optimization of the slurry preparation and generation of stibine was carried out (Plackett-Burman designs and Simplex optimizations). Slurries were prepared in 9 mol L - 1 HCl, and stibine was generated using 0.4 mol L - 1 HCl and 2.5% (m/v) NaBH 4 (150 mL min - 1 Ar flow). Further, a heated quartz tube atomization system was used (HG-AAS). The slurry HG-ETAAS method was validated with nine certified reference materials: three soils, two sediments, two coal fly ashes, and two coals. The lowest LOD obtained was 0.08 μg g - 1 and good overall precision was achieved (RSD <7%). The coal samples required a previous ashing step (450°C, up to constant weight). The analyte extraction to the liquid phase was also studied.


The paper analyzes the main sources of interference signals in PLC control system, and presents effective anti-interference measures from the aspects of PLC power, I/O circuit design, earthing and wiring.


When adopting predetermined appearance features in autonomous navigation of an outdoor mobile robot,terrain labeling may not be effectively done because of the dynamic uncertainty and the mapping deviation of appearance feature distribution in unstructured outdoor scenes.To solve this problem,a long-distance terrain labeling method based on Bayesian kernel principal component analysis(BKPCA) is proposed.The method incorporates the posterior probability of cluster centers using Bayesian formula and employs a self-defined kernel function.The method can implement the maintenance of the original data structure in the low dimensional space and can extract suitable appearance features for current scene labeling. The experimental result validates that the BKPCA model improves accuracy of long-distance terrain labeling.


Negotiation for exchanging letters on the Principled Understanding of the issue of the East China Sea between China and Japan is a specific measure to materialize the common understanding on the part of the China and Japan's government leaders.Suppose China and Japan were to achieve something through negotiatiaons,the solution to the East China Sea issues has yet a long way to go.because the dispute over the issue of the East China Sea still exist in their respective positions and ideas,which is hard to get over.At the same time,the 《Principled Understanding》 is only a partial and transitional arrangement,especially because it is infested with fundamental defects,mainly it has not defined the connotation of the issue of the East China Sea,and has not accounted for the issue of the Diaoyudao Islands either.That is something calls for being amended.The author thinks that the nature of the issue of the East China Sea is intrinsically a dispute over the issue of the Diaoyudao Islands.So this article points out the basic connotation of the issue of the East China Sea,analyzes the different standpoints on it,and explores the approaches to the solution to the issue of the East China Sea,including the issue of Diaoyudao Islands,so as to be of some help to identifying and grasping the nature of the issue of the East China Sea,looking forward to its eventual solution.


Summary Vigabatrin prescribing information was modified in December 1999 after documented cases of visual field defects were reported. We undertook a retrospective study of vigabatrin-receiving patients at the time of modification in order to know how they meet new recommendations. Results: 35 patients were studied with a median age of 24 years (3-63), who received vigabatrin for a mean 3.6 years (6 months ‐ 9 years). Vigabatrin was discontinued in 29, and 6 patients with generalised partial seizures were kept on this treatment. Field-specific ophthalmologic follow-up was undertaken for 10/35 patients, 7 of which had visual field defects; 5 underwent subsequent periodic revisions. Conclusion: Of the patients still being treated with vigabatrin 100% meet the new indications and prescription conditions, whereas only 33% underwent field-specific tests and 16% are still subjected to periodic monitoring.


Based on the establishment of the dynamic model of the tracked vehicle and the measured road surface model, the simulation of ride comfort is conducted by using the virtual prototype technology in this paper. Through choosing the vehicle equipped with different schemes of suspension device, the data of two test points of the vehicle are obtained and processed respectively. Then compared the test data with the simulation data, the result shows that the simulation model has good reliability to be used to evaluate and improve the performance of tracked vehicle ride comfort and the test method is reasonable and feasible.


Most countries are trying to produce electricity from many natural resources. Wind power system is one type of renewable energy and small-wind power system is widely used in home-use system. Therefore it can supply the nation's energy needs from one point. Small wind power system can be constructed with materials which can easily get within local market. This paper elaborates on the construction and testing of small-scale wind power system. The production of an investigational exploration of the horizontal axis wind turbine is described in this paper. It also describes performance testing and results of wind generator model. This system is especially intended for home lighting system which directly uses DC power. And this system also intend for rural people to use easily and inexpensively. The site of this small wind turbine is selected in remote places so far from the national grids. Keywords—blocking diode, calibrated fixed resistor, lathe machine, multimeter, permanent magnet dc motor,


E-Governance is refers to the use of ICT technology to provide the improvement in government services, transactions, interaction with citizens, business and other arm of government. In this paper we will identify the problems in government offices of Rajasthan like JDA. We also provide some scheme to solve the vulnerabilities in the system. We suggest implementing the convergence the manual system in to online system. Keywords: - ICT, JDA, E-Governance, PHP, MySQL, JavaScript, CSS, HTML, Ajax.


A method to recover arbitrary temperature profiles along a chirped fibre Bragg grating sensor is presented. We demonstrate a nonlinear lookup table method to recover the shape, width and position of a disturbance in temperature after compensating for distortions in the result of integrating changes in the power reflectance spectrum.


The European Union has recently implemented a circular economy action plan in which plastics are considered a key priority for addressing the challenges created by these materials throughout the value chain taking into account their entire life cycle. In particular, in January 2018, the European Commission published the European Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy. The objectives set out in this communication are highly ambitious and include:


Abstract : This report presents daily and hourly precipitation frequencies for an extensive network of stations throughout the United States, from special summaries of observations obtained over the decade 1951-1960. When data are in format of cumulative percent frequency per precipitation rate, the daily and hourly distributions each form a fairly regular progression, per P/D or P/H, respectively (P= total precipitation, D= days, H = hours). The resultant models, in the form of succinct tables, graphs, or computer programs, provide a ready means for recovering the original observations, or estimating any selected precipitation rate for a wide spectrum of precipitation regimes in the United States, or Elsewhere. The models, which serve as a check on data errors, or weather modification, also indicate to the engineer preferred areas testing particular equipment . The methodology for the comparison among stations (or countries) of the actual short-term precipitation distributions, given only routine climatic data, should be highly useful for assessing more accurately a host of factors, as: soil moisture, trafficability, water supply, crop yields, or possible malfunction of electronic equipment. The greatest advantage of the result is that they may be utilized for estimating short-term precipitation in data sparse localities.


The effect of manganese sulfate application by leaf surface spurting at different levels on yield and quality of alfalfa was studied.The result indicated that spurting manganese sulfate could remarkably(P0.05)increase the yield of alfalfa.Among the three spurting treatments the effect of 100 mg/kg level was the best,compared to CK,the grass yield increased by 24.0%.Different spurting manganese sulfate treatment could remarkably increase the crude protein content,and when manganese sulfate concentration was 100 mg/kg,the effect was the best.Manganese sulfate could reduce alfalfa crude ash content but the tendency was not obvious.Crude fiber content was increased with manganese sulfate applying concentration increased.There was significantly different of crude fat content among different cut alfalfa,and when the manganese sulfate concentration was 200 mg/kg,the crude fat content was reach maximum.When the manganese sulfate concentrate was 100 mg/kg,the nutrients annual accumulation was the highest.


Let (E, C) be a partially ordered vector space with positive cone C. The order-bound topology Pb(6) (order topology in the terminology of Schaefer(9)) on E is the finest locally convex topology for which every order-bounded subset of E is topologically bounded.


We report on the performance of monolithic, polarization maintaining, Er-doped photonic crystal fibers (PCF) and amplifiers operating in the eye-safer wavelength regime from 1.55-1.6 um. As part of this effort, we have developed novel 6x1+1 pump/signal combiners for air-clad photonic crystal fibers with six 0.22 NA, 200/220 um pump input fibers and a 25/250 PM signal fiber that allow efficient pump and signal coupling to the air-clad Er-doped PCF. These etched air taper combiners have been demonstrated at the kilowatt level under 976 nm pumping and perform an efficient brightness transformation from 0.19 NA, 1532 nm fiber coupled diode pumps into the 0.6 NA air-clad Er-doped PCF with a measured pump throughput efficiency of 88-92% and a signal throughput of 65-80% with a PER of <18 dB. These novel combiners have been efficiently spliced to 40 um core, 200 um pump cladding Er-doped PCFs providing high efficiency resonantly pumped, monolithic, eye-safer PCF fiber lasers and amplifiers. Using grating stabilized 1532 nm pump diodes, our current experiments have demonstrated single transverse mode operation of both monolithic eyesafer PCF lasers and amplifiers at the multi-Watt level with slope efficiencies of over 55%.


This paper is about the importance of culture in the usage of business applications and how they function outside their original context. When involved in an environment that has different culture ...


Oral testimony of Jonathon Band on behalf of the American Library Association, the Association of College and Research Libraries, and the Association of Research Libraries on Renewal and Expansion of the Film Clip Compilation Exemption to the DMCA Section 1201 Prohibition of Circumvention of Access Control Technologies.


© Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber 2012. Introduction Several strands of research on metarepresentation have a bearing on the study of linguistic communication. On the whole, there has been little interaction among them, and the possibility of integrating them with an empirically plausible pragmatic theory has not been much explored. This chapter has two main aims: to illustrate the depth and variety of metarepresentational abilities deployed in linguistic communication, and to argue that a pragmatic account of these abilities can both benefit from and provide useful evidence for the study of more general metarepresentational abilities. A metarepresentation is a representation of a representation: a higher-order representation with a lower-order representation embedded within it. The different strands of research on metarepresentation that have a bearing on the study of linguistic communication vary in the type of metarepresentations involved and the use to which they are put. First, there is the philosophical and psychological literature on mindreading (or 'theory of mind'), which deals with the ability to form thoughts about attributed thoughts (Whiten 1991; Davies and Stone 1995a, 1995b; Carruthers and Smith 1996). Suppose a child sees a ball being put into a box. Having formed the thought in (1), he might go on, by observing his companions, to form thoughts of the type in (2): The ball is in the box. There is a now a substantial body of work on how this metapsychological ability develops and how it can break down. It may be present to varying degrees. People may differ, for example, in their ability to attribute to others beliefs incompatible with their own. A child who believes (1) and lacks this ability would be limited to the metarepresentations in (2a) and (2c). A child with first-order 'theory of mind' could attribute to others beliefs that differ from his own (as in (2b)); and one with second-order 'theory of mind' could attribute to others beliefs about the beliefs of others which differ from his own (as in (2d)) (Leslie 1987; Astington, Harris and Olson 1988; Frye and Moore 1991; Fodor 1992; Gopnik and Wellman 1992; Lewis and Mitchell 1994; Smith and Tsimpli 1995; Scholl and Leslie 1999). People with autism are typically said to be lacking in first- or second-order metapsychological abilities of this type (Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith 1985; Leslie 1991; Baron-Cohen, Tager-Flusberg and Cohen 1993; Happe 1993, 1994; Baron-Cohen 1995).


Quantum mechanics of one-dimensional time-independent Hamiltonian system whose energy level statistics obeys the Gaussian ensemble is numerically studied by the inverse scattering method. It has been known that the system must be integrable. However, at least numerically, it can be shown that we can construct a potential for the Schrodinger equation that reproduces a finite number of given energy levels of chaotic regime, i.e. given by the random matrix theory (RMT). Contrary to usual classical Hamiltonian systems, there cannot exit the shortest period from the consequence of the semi-classical argument, if the system completely reproduces the chaotic levels of the RMT. If its density of states is unfolded and its average density is independent of energy, the coarse averaged shape of the potential is just like a harmonic oscillator and the potential has peculiar ripples on it. The more energy levels of chaotic regime we take, the more intricate and the finer these ripples become.


We found that inserting a low-temperature-grown layer of GaN between a low-temperature-grown InN buffer layer and a sapphire substrate was an effective way of improving structural and electrical properties of InN films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The surface of a 260 nm thick InN film grown under the optimum condition was smooth, with a surface root-mean-square roughness of less than 4 nm. The Hall mobility of the InN film at room temperature was greater than 1500 cm2/Vs with an electron density of less than 2.0 × 1018 cm–3.


Herbal medicines in the National List of Essential Medicines are medicines which the Ministry of Public Health encourages their use in government hospitals as an alternative to relieve symptoms or treat diseases, as well as, to replace imported medicines. During fiscal year B.E. 2012-2013, Bureau of Drug and Narcotic, Department of Medical Sciences carried out a project on quality assurance of herbal medicines used in government hospitals by conducting safety studies consisting of tests for heavy metals and microbial contamination in herbal recipes, specified in the National List of Essential Medicines. Those recipes were herbal medicines in the following categories: antipyretic drugs, drugs used in symptomatic treatment of circulatory symptoms, respiratory system disorders, gastro-intestinal tract disorders, anti-diarrheal drugs, obstetrics and gynecological disorders and drugs used in musculo-skeletal symptoms. The recipes selected according to the mentioned categories were Ya-Khiewhom, Ya-Chanleela, Ya-Kaekaiharak, Yahom-Navakhoth, Yahom-Thepachit, Yahom-Bumronghuachai, Ya-Prasamawang, Ya-Thadbunchob, Ya-Leongpidsamut, Ya-Prasaplai and Ya-Sahastara. The tests for heavy metals and microbial contamination were carried out using atomic absorption spectroscopy and Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia's method, respectively. The results, evaluated according to the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeial standard criteria, showed that 3.8% of 156 samples, 4 recipes, including Ya-Khiewhom, Ya-Kaekaiharak, Yahom-Navakhoth and Ya-Prasamawanghad find arsenic, lead and cadmium levels higher than the acceptable limits, whereas, 25.9% of 116 samples, 7 recipes, including Ya-Chanleela, Ya-Kaekaiharak, Yahom-Navakhoth, Yahom-Bumronghuachai, Ya-Thadbunchob, Ya-Prasaplai and Ya-Sahastarawere found to be microbial contaminated. The recipes passed the acceptable limits on heavy metals and microbial contamination were Yahom-The pachitand Ya-Leongpidsamut. Keywords: safety, herbal medicines, National List of Essential Medicines, heavy metals, micro-organisms


The high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) interfaced with power electronics along with the increase of non-linear loads may create power quality problems in distribution systems. Harmonics can be mitigated by applying active filtering techniques using a virtual impedance technique and a set of resonant controllers tuned to the specific harmonics to be compensated. However, these controllers do not usually consider the thermal limits of the power converters, especially those based on the virtual impedance approach. The contribution of this paper relies on adjusting dynamically this virtual impedance to avoid the power converter overloading. The paper includes experimental results to validate the operation of the proposed algorithm.


BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death among infectious diseases, contributing significantly to patient morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an accurate initial assessment of CAP severity should be performed immediately to determine the prognosis before starting the management. A-DROP scoring system is one of the initial assessments.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the A-DROP scoring system in predicting mortality within 30 days of hospitalization at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan.

METHODS: This is an observational study with a retrospective and cohort study. Data were obtained from the medical records of 76 CAP patients hospitalized from January 2018 to December 2018. Each patient was assessed with an A-DROP scoring system and the presence or absence of mortality within 30 days of hospitalization. The data were processed using statistical analysis to calculate the area under curve (AUC) on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The optimal cutoff point is also analyzed using the Youden index.

RESULT: The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC was 0.772 (95% CI: 0.666–0.978, p < 0.001). The accuracy of A-DROP scoring system is good (AUC:0.7−0.8). The optimal of the Youden index is 0.428 at the cutoff point A-DROP score >1.5, so that the optimal cutoff point is A-DROP score ≥2.

CONCLUSION: The A-DROP scoring system has good accuracy in predicting mortality within 30 days of hospitalized CAP patients. The A-DROP scoring system has an accuracy similar to the PSI (Pneumonia Severity Index) and the CURB-65 scoring system.