The evolutionary discovery of CRIPRS technology has paved the way for researchers in various fields' genetics, medicine, pharmacy and computer science. Its potential application is limitless spanning from therapy of disease such as cancer and immunotherapy with gene silencing, gene knock down, gene KO, to the food production of genetically modified foods, the potential possibility of genetically designing baby using CRSIPR technology with enhanced trait and potential of eradicating Malaria and HIV-AIDS. The review thereby focuses on Off-targets limitation of the technology which is explained as one of the major constraint for application in clinical procedure with its hope of eradication through machine learning (ML). Further application of crisper technology was also discussed. CRISPR Technology Advantages, Limitations and Future Direction


Abstract A series of 1,2-phenylene bis[4-(4-alkoxybenzylideneamino)benzoates has been prepared in order to establish that the nonlinear molecular structure is not necessarily incompatible with mesophase formation. The phases appearing in the methoxy and ethoxy derivatives are classical nematic. While the propoxy to octyloxy derivatives display a smectic A phase, as well as a nematic phase, the higher homologous members are purely smectogenic. Although the introduction of a methyl group to the 3-position of the central phenylene ring eliminates the nematic phase, the thermal stability of the smectic A phase is not much affected. The 4-methylation promotes both the nematic and smectic A phases. A metastable smectic B phase is observed in many members of these three series. The above-mentioned behavior closely resembles that given by the corresponding methyl derivative of phenyl 4-(4-alkoxybenzylideneamino)benzoate.


current outlays. The consequences of these provisions on comparative interjurisdictional tax burdens and on the distribution of these burdens by firm size and industry type are investigated here. The paper is an extension and supplement to the 1995 SBA report entitled The Differential Impact of State-Local Tax Incentives on Small versus Large Firms (SBA 8138-OA-94). The methodology, data set, and geographical boundaries of the analysis (SBA Region V) are the same in both projects.


The HPCMP CREATE™-AV Helios is a rotorcraft aeromechanics simulation framework that combines higher fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based aerodynamic modeling with rotorcraft comprehensive analysis. Vehicles with multiple rotors and differing rotor frequencies require several enhancements to the traditional CFD/CSD coupling approach used for rotorcraft aeromechanics predictions. Additionally, CFD/CSD coupling modifications are also required for non-rotor aerodynamic entities such as fuselages and wings whose aerodynamic loads are influenced by the interference and impingement of multiple rotor wakes. Methodologies for consistently coupling multiple rotors with non-harmonic arbitrary frequencies are developed. The developed technique also allows for variations in rotor frequencies at each CFD/CSD coupling iteration. The methodology is successfully demonstrated to achieve full vehicle trim for the UH-60A with aerodynamic loading on all main wetted surfaces, i.e. main-rotor, tail-rotor, fuselage and stabilator wing, predicted using CFD-based modeling. A commercial quadcopter configuration is also studied to demonstrate the ability to achieve full vehicle trim using the rotor frequencies as control variables.


Optimization of a given system is certainly different from design of an optimal system. It is remarkable that in the age of limited resources and lagging productivity it is the philosophy of linear programming, i.e., maximization of a function with respect to given constraints, which dominates Operations Research thinking, education, and practice. This philosophy is wasteful of resources, ignorant of productivity, and, more surprisingly, unconcerned about profits. It teaches how to "optimize" a given system without paying enough attention to how such a system comes into existence. It is the purpose of this paper to show that the main shortcoming of LP is neither its linearity assumption, nor its algorithmic and scale inefficiency, nor its single-objective simplification—it is its inability to design an optimal system while concentrating on fine-tuning its "optimization" of a given system. How does the "given" come into being, that is the question.


From one of the preeminent thinkers in the fields of autobiography studies and disability studies, G. Thomas Couser's Memoir: An Introduction distills scholarship about the genre of memoir for a general readership and undergraduate students. Readers who expect new research in the field will not find it here; that said, Couser provides a comprehensive and thoughtful discussion about the genre, giving readers the kinds of explanations and theoretical foundations many might think the genre seems not to need but which, in fact, it does. In the process, Couser reminds his readers of what can be gained and, thereby, the concerns of reading memoir: the role of self-making through self-narration, the obligations memoirists have to both the historical record and the people portrayed within their narratives, and the ethics of reading-and of writing-memoir. He suggests that the stakes of understanding generic expectations are high because, he writes, especially in life writing, "genre is not about mere literary form; it's about force-what a narrative's purpose is, what impact it seeks to have on the world" (9; emphasis added). In Memoir: An Introduction, Couser's claims that knowledge about the various forms memoir might take, and why memoir is the dominant term for literary life writing, compel the reader to think in more considered ways about a genre that is much maligned in contemporary parlance. In fact, Couser takes care to establish some of the reasons why a genre-based analysis is significant and useful in a moment in which categorizing works may seem to be beside the point and could have the potential to marginalize particular iterations of self-narration. Underscoring his dedication to informing a general audience, the chapters in Memoir work to provide readers with scaffolding that funnels them through Couser's analyses of the genre in a prose style that is accessible and straightforward. He begins with an introduction that explains why a book on the genre of memoir might be useful, situating his readers explicitly at the time of its writing, in 2010. Using excerpts from literary novels, Couser also demonstrates the ways in which memoir has permeated the publishing world more


XLPE films were employed as test samples to investigate the effect of cross-linking temperature on space charge decay behavior. The samples were cross-linked with temperature ranged from 150 °C to 180 °C in thickness of 200 µm. Corona charging method was employed to introduce charges on sample surface, after which open-circuit decay test was carried out at 35 °C with relative humidity of ~ 45%. Surface potential was measured by using an electrostatic probe, and mean decay rate of the charge was calculated. In addition, fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the characteristic functional groups of byproducts that were generated in the cross-linking process within the samples. Obtained results show that with the increase of cross-linking temperature, mean decay rate of both negative charge and positive charge initially decreases then appears to increase. The decay behavior remarkably depends upon the polarity of charged particles. It is proposed that the charge decay dynamics is related to the content of cross-linking byproducts, namely acetophenone, cumyl alcohol and α-methylstyrene, which is varied as a function of the cross-linking temperature.


The aim of our research is to control dietary glucose delivery rate to the body for potential health benefit. There are six enzymes, two α‐amylase and four small intestinal mucosal glucosidases, involved the digestion of starch. The convention view is that α‐amylase is the key enzyme that determines digestion rate, and mucosal α‐ glucosidases have a more simple function of rapidly converting the small molecules generated from α‐amylase digestion to glucose. We investigated the digestion patterns of four recombinant α‐ glucosidases on various starches in an in vitro system. The notable finding was that starches with different molecular structures have different digestibilities by the mucosal α‐glucosidases following through digestion by α‐amylase, and that various starch molecules have different susceptibilities to the individual α‐glucosidases. Furthermore, a small fraction of starch molecules was digested at a very low rate, indicating structures that are additionally difficult to digest at the brush border level. Our group has further showed that slowly released glucose causes reduced gastric emptying in a dose response manner. To take benefit of slowly released glucose, the mucosal α‐glucosidases is a potential control point for controlling glucose delivery to the body. This work was supported by internal funding from the Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research of Purdue Univ.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Near dry machining is the goal of today's metal cutting industry that tirelessly endeavors to reduce machining costs and impact from chemicals in the environment. Hard turning is a turning process done on materials with a Rockwell C hardness greater than 45. It is typically performed after the work piece is heat treated. The process is intended to replace or limit traditional grinding operations. Hard turning can be applied for purely stock removal purpose or finishing purpose. In Hard turning, high amount of heat is generated at the toolchip interface which not only increase the tool wear but also deteriorates the job quality in terms of surface finish. In this study, MQL setup used for Near Dry Machining (NDM) in turning round bars of 25 mm diameter of Oil Hardening NonShrinking Die Steel (OHNS – AISI O1 grade) hardened to 53-57 HRC by TNMG 160404 MT TT5080 insert. The machining was carried out at three levels of Cutting Speed (vc), Feed Rate (f), and Depth of cut (ap) to investigates the performance of MQL setup on Surface Roughness (Ra) and Machining time(tc) in hard turning of OHNS O1 grade. Full factorial (3k) DOE was employed and 27 experiments were analyzed by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and regression equations were developed. ANOVA was used to find out the significant parameters. Feed rate is the most influential factor in increasing the surface roughness and decreasing machining time. Second influential factor for surface roughness is cutting speed which improves surface quality as speed increases and decreases machining time. Depth of cut has very less or no significance on both surface roughness and machining time. The optimum responses are at cutting speed of 190 m/min, feed rate of 0.0584616 mm/rev, 0.5 mm depth of cut and optimum machining time found to be 21.6065 sec producing surface roughness Ra to be 0.459032 μm.


A flexible sound generator based on the thermoacoustic effect was proposed for use with thin and flexible devices. The proposed sound generator was composed of three thin films made of aluminum, polyimide, and graphite for effective interaction between acoustic energy and heat. The aluminum functions as an electrode for heat radiation into the air, polyimide as a heat insulator, and graphite as a heat sink. The shape of the electrode was a rectangle. Relationship between sound pressure, applied voltage and temperature change of the electrode was modeled. Radiated sound pressure was analytically described as a function of the input signal's frequency. Experimental measurements were carried out and they showed the validity of the model in terms of radiated sound pressure estimation from the proposed structure with selected materials. Surface vibration was also observed, and it was confirmed that the proposed sound generator is vibration-free.


Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common disease among children which is mentioned in Ayurveda as "Pratishyaya". This manifests when the Kapha, Rakta, and Pitta migrate from the root of the Nasa Pradesha and get stuck in Shirapradesha which is already vitiated by the Vata Dosha. There are five types of Pratishyaya described in the Ayurveda textbook, out of which Vataj Pratishyaya can be correlated with AR. Methods: Eighty-two children suffering from Vataj Pratishyaya were randomly selected and divided into four groups, namely Group A was treated with Compound A (syrup Trayodashanga Kashaya), Group B was treated with Compound A (syrup Trayodashanga Kashaya) and Anu Taila Nasya, Group C were treated with Compound A-1 (syrup Vyaghradi Kashaya), while Group D was treated with Compound A-1 (syrup Vyaghradi Kashaya) and Anu Taila Nasya. A total of 60 children completed the treatment, 15 in each group. Result: Group B showed extremely significant results in relieving signs and symptoms of Vataj Pratishyaya in comparison to Group A, C, and D. Conclusion: All four groups showed extremely significant results in subjective parameters while no changes were seen in objective parameters.


The authors, in collaboration with the ASHP Section Advisory Group on Pharmacy Operations Automation, developed suggested standard definitions for three terms commonly used in the field of health care information technology: interfacing, integration, and interoperability. Understanding these terms


Background: Tegaserod, a prokinetic 5-HT4 receptor agonist, has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients with constipation (IBS-C) in controlled clinical trials. Its use in primary care has not been investigated. Aim: To determine whether tegaserod is effective and well tolerated by primary care IBS-C patients. Methods: Patients received tegaserod 6 mg b.i.d. for 12 weeks and were assessed for response, abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating, stool consistency/frequency and straining at weeks 4 and 12. Previous successful treatment with the withdrawn drug, cisapride, was noted. A 9-month study extension was offered to patients completing 12 weeks of tegaserod treatment. Results: 212 patients entered the 12-week treatment period; 166 completed as planned. Response rates were 64.2% at week 4 and 70.3% at week 12. After 12 weeks, abdominal pain/discomfort and bloating were reduced from baseline (p < 0.0001; mean change –1.02 and –0.91 points, respectively), stool frequency increased (0.78–0.97 stools/day) and stool consistency improved (2.45–3.42; lumpy stools became softer). Tegaserod was well tolerated; the most common adverse events were headache (13.2%) and diarrhea (9.4%). One hundred and twenty patients entered the 9-month extension study, 85 completed and tegaserod continued to be well tolerated. Conclusions: In ambulatory primary care IBS-C patients, tegaserod is an effective and well-tolerated long-term treatment.


Excerpt During the past 20 years mediastinal emphysema has been recognized with increasing frequency and a large number of papers are now available in the medical literature bearing on its patholog...


LD50 values of the tested dosage form at peroral and intramuscular administration to mice were 2720 and 475,5 mg/kg of body weight respectively. The agent didn't show irritative effects on conjunctiva mucosa in rabbits.


Telekom Sales & Service Sdn. Bhd operational efficiencies were questionable and amongst them was the credit control and collection issue. This had always been a favourite topic discussed at various management meeting, including the Board of Director's meeting.


Aim:  The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of low dose long‐term interferon (IFN) therapy in aged patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1.


The limiting dates of this paper are those of the first surviving minute book of the Corporation. Though Bedford is a borough by prescription and its earliest charter, granted by Henry II, confirms the privileges enjoyed under Henry I, there is evidence in the muniments of the Corporation generally, as well as in the character of the first minute book itself, that its beginning marked a significant stage in the evolution of the governing body. It certainly marked also the opening of a period of constitution-making which may fairly be described as eventful, even in comparison with other English boroughs of the seventeenth century, for between 1649 and 1660 the rules for the election of the Common Council were comprehensively revised four times. Antagonisms which belong to national politics are clearly involved in these short-lived reforms, but there are also others, local in origin, which cannot well be understood without some knowledge of the relations between the governing body and the freemen in the reigns of the first two Stuarts.


NO2 is one of the main air pollutants, and is the precursor of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 pollutions. Real-time monitoring of the concentration of NO2 can grasp the air quality in time and take corresponding measures to the pollution sources. Monitoring data may be affected by the internal factors and the external factors. ARIMA was used for the internal factor as A. Meteorological factors were taken as external factors, and the difference of NO2 between the standard data and monitoring data was taken as dependent variable. Multivariate linear regression was modeled as B. Time series calibration model was obtained Y=A+B. The error analysis showed that the accuracies of NO2 was improved. Therefore, the model based on ARIMA and multiple linear regression could effectively calibrate NO2 monitoring data.


Because industrial robots have uneven positioning accuracy in the overall working space, they have greatly limited their applications in the fields of high -precision production and processing. Regarding this status quo, this article focuses on analyzing the optimal working space of industrial robots, and screening and limiting the optimal working scope of the selected industrial robots to ensure that the robot end is at a relatively high position with high positioning accuracy. This article selects the collaborative robot AUBO E3 for modeling, analysis and simulation. Calculate the robot based on the Jacques matrix and the number of conditions under the spiral theory, quantitatively depict the exercise performance of the robot. The excellent working space is visually simulated, and finally uses the API laser tracker to measure the end error of the robot. As a result, the accuracy of the end point in the optimal working space is higher than the endpoint accuracy of the overall work space.


In view of the large change of lines forms, the long soft connecting of boundary, the complicated structure and the high technique of a sonar dome fixed to the bow of a warship, the paper introduces a reasonable design of soft connecting structure, its advanced manufacturing and installing techniques, which makes the soft connecting of sonar dome fixed on a warship meet the requirements. The integrated technological performance is also improved.


This paper is a review of the design adopted to establish the slopes for deep clay excavations (3 000 000 m3) made for founding rockfill embankment dams on bedrock and for clearing the tailrace tunnel portals at the LG-2 hydroelectric site. The design and excavation of soft sensitive clay deposits down to 22 m had been undertaken at a period of time when very few precedents were existing (1974). During the excavation works, only a few minor slides occurred, indicating that the design approach, using undrained shear strength analysis, was appropriate for the site conditions. Methods of excavation and hauling of material to disposal areas are also described. Key words: slope, sensitive clay, undrained strength analysis, safety factor, excavation method, behaviour.


We have developed a standing wave calibration system for dipole hydrophone. According to regulating the standing wave form in a small water tank of the system, the acoustical uniform region in the part of the tank is achieved and the hydrophones are calibrated in the system by the comparison method. The receiving sensitivity with errors under 1dB is obtained by utilizing the system and the vibrating liquid column calibrator over the frequency range from 20Hz to 2000Hz


OBJECTIVES: to examine the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sisvan) as a tool for monitoring the National Strategy for Healthy Complementary Nutrition (ENPACS) in the 40 municipalities overseen by the Belo Horizonte regional superintendent for health (SRS-BH). METHODS: a descriptive study was carried out involving all children aged under two being accompanied by the Sisvan Web between 2008 and 2011. The coverage of the Sisvan Web was calculated by dividing the number of children aged under two years accompanied by the Sisvan Web by the total population for the same age group. A questionnaire relating to the technical references of the Sisvan of the municipalities under investigation was sent to collect information on the functioning of the Sisvan. RESULTS: the coverage of the Sisvan Web, in all municipalities, varied from 4.3% (2008) to 10.7% (2011). The questionnaire was answered by 38 municipalities in the SRS-BH, 31.6% of whom reported using data from the Sisvan Web system as a basis for nutritional interventions. CONCLUSIONS: the study identified low coverage, poor utilization of data and the need to improve the Sisvan, in order to generate consistent information on nutrition and food among children aged under two years, thereby making it appropriate for monitoring of the ENPACS.


The manual excavation pile is used as support structure in the original design of foundation in building of wuhan municipal office,state administration of tax. Because of no enough space for construction of manual excavation pile,it is substituted by the mini steel tub pile. From the application,it shows the mini steel tub pile has the advantages such as low requirement of construction platform and high efficient of construction.


A new technique was used to develop a simple and selective picoammeter DNA biosensor for identification of E. coli O157:H7. This biosensor was fabricated from titanium dioxide nanoparticles that was synthesized by sol-gel method and spin-coated on silicon dioxide substrate via spinner. 3-Aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES) was used to modify the surface of TiO2. Simple surface modification approach has been applied; which is single dropping of APTES onto the TiO2 nanoparticles surface. Carboxyl modified probe DNA has been bind onto the surface of APTES/TiO2 without any amplifier element. Electrical signal has been used as the indicator to differentiate each step (surface modification of TiO2 and probe DNA immobilization). The I–V measurements indicate extremely low current (pico-ampere) flow through the device which is 2.8138E-10 A for pure TiO2 nanoparticles, 2.8124E-10 A after APTES modification and 3.5949E-10 A after probe DNA immobilization.A new technique was used to develop a simple and selective picoammeter DNA biosensor for identification of E. coli O157:H7. This biosensor was fabricated from titanium dioxide nanoparticles that was synthesized by sol-gel method and spin-coated on silicon dioxide substrate via spinner. 3-Aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES) was used to modify the surface of TiO2. Simple surface modification approach has been applied; which is single dropping of APTES onto the TiO2 nanoparticles surface. Carboxyl modified probe DNA has been bind onto the surface of APTES/TiO2 without any amplifier element. Electrical signal has been used as the indicator to differentiate each step (surface modification of TiO2 and probe DNA immobilization). The I–V measurements indicate extremely low current (pico-ampere) flow through the device which is 2.8138E-10 A for pure TiO2 nanoparticles, 2.8124E-10 A after APTES modification and 3.5949E-10 A after probe DNA immobilization.


Creating models for simulating real-life situations can be a difficult task because of all the small factors that can impact the outcome of an event. One model aimed to accurately predict flocking ...


This study identifies and assesses the diversity of ecosystem services, and in turn the benefits that World Heritage sites can deliver to society and the economy through direct and indirect use or through inherent 'non-use' values. It also aims to increase awareness and understanding of the multiple services and benefits that ecosystems can provide as well as their contribution to the well-being of local, national and global communities.


Autonomous orbit determination methods requiring minimal hardware, computational power, and external reference are desirable for small, low-cost spacecraft, or as a backup on larger craft. This pap...


The article discusses the potential of Fairy tale Therapymethod for corrective work with children of preschool age exhibiting high levels of anxiety. The article outlines the authors' program of corrective and developmental work. Based on diagnostic results this article offers comparative analysis of the anxiety level of children before and after corrective and developmental activities.


Resulting from the research the author has improved the methodology of determining the degree of municipal budget decentralization, devolution and deconcentration. The basic principles in methods of research of these indicators have been determined.  The author has put income indicators that describe the tax and other income powers of local self-government. The research results of the degree of budget autonomy and deconcentration, budget decentralization in Kyiv, Ukraine have been presented. The improved methodology allows receiving objective indicators, which will help to make a decision concerning the transfer and delegating of income powers to the bodies of local self-government as well as to other bodies of local and regional government. Keywords : incomes, Decentralization, Budget autonomy, Devolution and deconcentration, Municipal self-government .


This paper attempts to highlight the challenge of protecting the heritage architecture in developing countries through examples of Nepal and Peru where valuable world heritage sites in opposite parts of the globe face a common threat owing to earthquakes. The nature of the earthquake hazard in both of the countries is discussed in some detail and the importance of actions towards the protection of heritage architecture is emphasized. It is noted that the state of general disrepair adds to the seismic vulnerability of heritage architecture in developing countries. Besides, the repair after actual damage or destruction from earthquakes, even when timely undertaken, may lead to alteration of the valuable originality of heritage structures, owing to the unavailability of material or skill from the time of the original constructions. The need for initiatives towards preventive actions for protection from damage and prevention of collapse due to earthquake disasters appears quite evident.


We show that the logic of partial quasiary predicates is undecidable over arbitrary structures and not recursively enumerable over finite structures. The results are obtained by reduction from the classical predicate logic.


In December 1998, the US Food and Drug Administration simultaneously approved the antibody therapeutic trastuzumab (Herceptin, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) for the treatment of HER2 overexpressing invasive breast cancer and the immunohistochemically based diagnostic test (HercepTest, DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) designed to select patients for this novel targeted treatment.1 Today, more than 11 years later, anti-HER2 targeted therapy for breast cancer has become a cornerstone for treatment of HER2+ disease, with unprecedented success achieved with the use of trastuzumab and the more recently approved tyrosine kinase small molecule inhibitor lapatinib (Tykerb, Glaxo Smith Kline, Philadelphia, PA) in adjuvant and neoadjuvant metastatic disease settings.1–3 When given early in the course of disease, these drugs have achieved a major impact on patient survival. Thus, the importance of accurately identifying HER2+ breast cancer has never been greater.

In their article that appears in this issue of the Journal , Grimm et al4 describe several novel approaches used in their evaluation of 697 cases of breast cancer at the University of Washington for concordance between the 2 prevalent methods of HER2 testing, immunohistochemical analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The authors studied cases in which immunohistochemical analysis and FISH had been performed according to the prevailing American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines published in 2007.5

After …


Deng Xiao-Ping made a serious of creative contributions to Chinese socialist modernization.There are no ready-made answers from classic writers,western modernization theories do not adapt to Chinese situation,and even Mao Ze-Dong had encountered considerable discouragement in his exploration.It will make far-reaching effects to the realization of Chinese modernization in the twenty-first century and even to the global multiplicity development of socialism to persist and develop this theory.


【Task】 Viewpoint different from the hitherto viewpoint of anticancer development, i.e., cancer cells of a cell - and to provide a cancer with a focus on cell-cell adhesion treatment. That is, the present invention, the cancer cell proliferation, and the cells of the cancer cell - intercellular inhibiting adhesion, and to provide a therapeutic agent for side effects is reduced cancer. Further, the present invention recognizes the disintegrin domain of ADAM-15, and to provide an available antibodies such as anti-cancer agents. A It recognizes the disintegrin domain of ADAM-15, and antibodies like that inhibit RGD sequence or does not recognize the loop region antibody such ADAM-15 and integrin αvβ3-dependent cell adhesion in disintegrin domain of ADAM-15, ADAM- 15 and an antibody or the like that inhibit integrin α9β1-dependent cell adhesion. .BACKGROUND


Abstract. Pollen development in copper-deficient barley plants is highly irregular resulting in low and variable pollen fertility. The main cause of this sterility was found to be the abnormal development of the tapetum which becomes expansionary and invasive as the pollen develops. The ultrastructure of both tapetum and microspores is different from that of control material with irregularities of exine deposition, endopolyploidy of tapetal nuclei and an alteration of organelle composition being correlated with low fertility.


The cathodic reduction of cyano- or methoxy-carbonyl-substituted benzyl methyl ether, benzyl acetate, and benzylidyne trifluoride probably involves electron transfer to the substituent with subsequent cleavage of C–O or C–F bonds.


In this paper, we leverage the Set-Cover problem to design the multicast-capable routing, modulation and spectrum assignment (MC-RMSA) algorithms that utilizes network coding (NC) to achieve efficient service provisioning in flexible-grid elastic optical networks (EONs). We use a realistic network model that considers the physical impairments from both transmission and light-splitting, and propose to serve each multicast request with a light-forest that includes one or more light-graphs1 to improve spectrum efficiency. For each multicast request, the proposed algorithms firstly use a Set-Cover approach to select the destination subsets to cover all the destinations. Then, for each subset, we calculate the light-graph to cover all the destination in it. The proposed algorithms are evaluated with extensive simulations for dynamic service provisioning, and the simulation results indicate that they can achieve better performance on blocking probability than existing MC-RMSA algorithms.


It is described a study on the flowability of the green sand molding quantifying the influence of the degree of compaction and the properties of the mixture on the flowability. In this work two methods were chosen. One is denominated TNO which measures the difficulty of the sand grain to pass through a device's opening and the other method is called Orlov, which quantifies the relationship between the hardness of the test piece in areas of high and low levels of compaction. The results demonstrated that the TNO method is sensitive to changes in the sand compactability, but has no correlation with the variations in the amount and type of bentonite. However, the Orlov method shows that a lower flowability is achieved in mixtures with a high level of compactibility, lower average size of the sand and use of greater amounts of natural sodium bentonite. Besides that, it was found that at higher levels of compactability, there is a lower flowability variation between compositions So, it can be concluded that the combined use of these two methods of flowability measurement allows to forsee the behavior of the green sand not only during the filling of the mould (TNO) but also during the compression (Orlov).


This project is a study by the biomass-dynamic model of Schaefer and Fox, for tropical tunas (skipjack, bigeye and yellowfin) and applied to the catch and effort data from the CIAT case Ecuador. In order to find the model that best fits the observations. The models are solved by regressions where you can estimate what would be the optimal capture in the future.


The second consensus criteria for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) are widely recognized as the reference standard for clinical research, but lack sensitivity to diagnose the disease at early stages.


Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com dexamethasone (by oral administration). The women who were treated with docetaxel received 8 mg of dexamethasone (by oral administration) 24 hours, 12 hours, and immediately before receiving docetaxel (per the product specification). For each cycle of chemotherapy, the nonfasting blood glucose level was measured before the treatment cycle began, immediately after the prechemotherapy dexamethasone was administered but before the administration of chemotherapy, immediately after chemotherapy, and 10 days after each chemotherapy cycle [3,4].


Customer churn prediction is very important for e-commerce enterprises to formulate effective customer retention measures and implement successful marketing strategies. According to the characteristics of longitudinal timelines and multidimensional data variables of B2C e-commerce customers' shopping behaviors, this paper proposes a loss prediction model based on the combination of k-means customer segmentation and support vector machine (SVM) prediction. The method divides customers into three categories and determines the core customer groups. The support vector machine and logistic regression were compared to predict customer churn. The results show that each prediction index after customer segmentation was significantly improved, which proves that k-means clustering segmentation is necessary. The accuracy of the SVM prediction was higher than that of the logistic regression prediction. These research results have significance for customer relationship management of B2C e-commerce enterprises.


Acanthamoeba is the causative agent of a painful, sight-threatening keratitis. The first case of Acanthamoeba keratitis was reported in 1972 in the USA and soon after, it was reported in the UK in 1974 (Nagington et al., 1974). Ulcerative keratitis due to Acanthamoeba is often associated with the improper use of contact lenses, but it is also reported in non-contact lens wearers (Sharma et al., 2000). At present, treatment involves hourly topical application of a mixture of anti-Acanthamoeba drugs including 0.02 % polyhexamethylene biguanide or chlorhexidine for up to a week. The hourly drops may be reduced after 48 h to alleviate the epithelial toxicity, but treatment continues for up to a year (Clarke et al., 2012).


21 Ayu fish form algae-feeding territories in a river during a non-breeding (growing) season. We build a cost-benefit theory to describe the breakdown and formation of 23 territory. In the early stage of a growing season, all fish hold territories at low densities. Once all territory sites are occupied, excess fish become floaters. When fish density 25 further increases, a phase transition occurs: all the territories suddenly break down and 26 fish form a school. In contrast, when the fish density is decreased, territories are 27 suddenly formed from the school. Both theory and experiments demonstrate that ayu 28 should exhibit a historical effect: the breakdown and formation processes of territory are 29 largely different. In particular, the theory in formation process predicts a specific fish behavior: an "attempted territory holder" that tries to have a small territory emerges just 31 before the formation of territory.


We present a fast online clustering algorithm which has linear worst-case time complexity and constant running time average for the well-known online visually oriented browsing modeling called Scatter/Gather browsing (Cutting, Karger, Pedersen, and Tukey 1992). Our experiment shows when running on a single processor, this fast online clustering algorithm is few hundred times faster than the parallel Buckshot algorithm running on multiple processors.


Oswald Theodore Avery, Emeritus Member of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, died in Nashville, Tennessee, on 20 February 1955 at the age of 78. His name calls to mind a slender, affable, neatly dressed man with large brilliant eyes and a smile of welcome. Very early in his career Avery came to be known as 'The Professor'—or more familiarly 'Fess'—and he retained this nickname throughout his life even though he eventually gave up lecturing almost entirely. He was indeed 'The Professor' by virtue of his gentle wisdom in counsel and of his art as an expositor of science—always spicing his performance with mimicry, pithy remarks, picturesque analogies and verbal pyrotechnics. The appellation 'The Professor' symbolizes the extroverted, engaging aspect of Avery's personality, which made any contact with him such an enjoyable and rewarding experience. To a few of us who saw him in everyday life, however, there was often revealed another aspect of his personality, less obviously pleasurable but with a more haunting quality. We remember a brooding forehead that appeared too heavy for the frail body, a gaze focused inwardly as if unconcerned with the surrounding world, a melancholy figure whistling gently to himself the lonely tune of the shepherd song in 'Tristan and Isolde'. Avery's response to the demands of society was made up of these two conflicting attitudes. The telephone would ring announcing a visitor, or bringing an invitation to some social gathering. The reaction was immediately one of joyful acceptance, or of profuse regrets couched in the most flattering language in case of refusal. Then, as the conversation ended, the smiling mask was suddenly dropped. From behind it appeared a tired and almost tortured expression. The telephone was pushed away on the desk as a symbol of lassitude and of protest against the encroaching world.


Frankia isolates primarily from Casuarina, Hippophae, and Myrica were examined for their response to changes in temperature, pH, and water potential and for utilization of various substrates. Isolates differed in their responses. The general trends were that optimum growth was around 30 °C, the upper limits close to 40 °C, and the lower limits near 15 °C. Growth was generally favoured by pH values lying between 6 and 8 with the Casuarina isolate showing a narrower range. The general pattern of behaviour towards water potential was that growth declined below about −2 to −6 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa). Meagre growth was shown at −23 bar for isolates, except the one from Myrica which ceased to grow at potentials lower than about −18 bar. Isolates differed in ability to utilize monosaccharides and polysaccharides and tricarboxylic acids, but all utilized some volatile fatty acids. They also differed in ability to grow in the presence of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, amino acids, and urea. Vitamins stimula...


This study assesses how the mobile phone influences governance to improve information and communication technology (ICT) exports in sub-Saharan Africa with data from 2000 to 2012. The empirical evidence is based on the generalised method of moments and three main governance concepts are used, namely (i) institutional (comprising the rule of law and corruption control), (ii) political (involving political stability/no violence and voice and accountability) and (iii) economic (including regulation quality and government effectiveness) governance. The following findings are established. First, there are positive net effects on ICT goods exports from independent interactions between mobile phones and 'political stability', 'voice and accountability' and corruption control. Second, significant net effects are not apparent from independent interactions between mobile phones and government effectiveness, regulation quality and the rule of law. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


An outdoor lifting advertising board comprises stand columns, the top ends of the stand columns are connected with a beam structure, and an advertising board body is connected with tracks in the stand columns through rolling wheels. Upper and lower rope winding structures of the advertising board body are installed inside the beam structure, and the advertising board body moves vertically along the tracks through the rope winding structures, so that maintaining is convenient.


According to palynological analysis of about thirty samples, the developing process of mangrove since the late Tertiary in the tropical zone of China is discussed. The mangrove can be divided into two types, i.e., the typical and general. The former is represented by Sonneratia, Rhizophora, etc., which only grow in the southern tropical zone. At present the north limit of typical mangrove lies in 19°30'N and that of general mangrove, about 26°N in China. The oldest sporo-pollens of mangrove have been found in the Oligocene stratum in Zhu-jiang River estuary basin. From Miocene to Pliocene the north limit of mangrove reached Japan. But it was returned to about 22°N, i.e., the northern part of Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong during Early Pleistocene.lt is worth noting that the Last Interglacial Period was a prosperous stage for the evolution of mangrove. The pollens of Sonneratia dated at 42 000-32 696 a BP can be seen in Chenghai of Hanjiang Delta. It shows that the north limit of typ-ical mangrove moved northwards from 19°30'N at present to 23°40'N at that time, showing an amplitude of 2-2.5 ℃ of rise in temperature than present.The pollens of Sonneratia with datings of 36 230-25 410 aBP have been found also in Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Shuidong and Haikou. The eight palynological profiles from Fuzhou to Beihai indicate that the mangrove dis-appeared during the Last Glacial Period, which can be seen only in some profiles in South China Sea but the pollens of Sonneratia and Rhizophora were carried by the sea current from southern South China Sea. Up to Early Holocene (9 656-7 912 aBP) the mangrove revived, in which about 7 000 aBP was another prosperous stage corresponding to the Megathermal in Holocene. Sonneratia caseolaris and Bruguiera sexangula have been found from the profiles in Shenzhen and Hong Kong and thus it can be deduced that the typical mangrove developed once again in Middle Holocene and its north limit was moved northwards to 22°20'N, i.e., the estuary of Zhujiang River.lt is reported that there are pollens of Acgiceras comiculatum in the Middle Holocene stratum even in Ningbo (29050'N) of Zhejiang. However they are not developed in situ be-cause about twenty sites of Holocene mangrove pollens are found in the seafloor of East Chi-na Sea but they are carried by the Kuroshio or Taiwan Warm Current from south.The north limit of distribution of mangrove at present (26°N) is formed in Middle Holocene. After Middle Holocene the typical mangrove disappeared north of 19°30'N in China's tropical zone but there is Sonneratia alba in Iriomote Island (25°N) of Japan at present. It is also influenced by the Kuroshio, and the cold-resistant Kandelia candel is growing in Kagoshima Bay of Japan, where is the northernmost location of mangrove in the west Pacific Ocean.


The present paper describes the anatomical structures of a new fossil dicotyledonous wood collected near Pondicherry, South India. The detailed study of the fossil specimen has shown its affinities with the genus Anogeissus (combretaceae). Therefore, a new form-genus Anogeissusoxylon is created to accommodate the fossil specimen (A. indicum n. sp.).


This research aims at knowing what kinds of efforts have been carried out by EFL teachers to foster undergraduate students in some universities in Banjarmasin. Besides that, this research also wants to know the advantages, the obstacles, and the challenges faced by EFL teachers in Banjarmasin fostering undergraduate students' digital skills. This research takes place toward 15 EFL teachers in some universities in Banjarmasin who are selected as the participants to deliver information through questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire item consists of six elements of digital skills and its practice that are expected to be employed by EFL teachers in their classes while interview guide gains the additional information further on clarifying the advantages, the obstacles, and the challenges they face on fostering students' digital skills. The result of questionnaire shows that during a semester, the frequency of exploring digital-based learning is 75% from the whole meeting course duration at the average for all the EFL teachers under this research. Furthermore, the result of interview shows that fostering students' digital skills are not always successful in particular situation due to significant factors. The implementation of digital learning activities relies much on the availability of internet connection, the quality of internet network, the cost, and the degree of students' familiarity with the range of digital tools. These become the essential things to consider. This research concludes that fostering student' digital skills in EFL class needs optimal preparation, sufficient facilities available, and teaching plan from the teacher to get maximal learning outcomes.


Tablet is the most popular among all dosage forms existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; however in many cases immediate onset of action is required than conventional therapy.To overcome these drawbacks, immediate release pharmaceutical dosage form has emerged as alternative oral dosage forms. Tablet is the most popular among all dosage forms existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; however in many cases immediate onset of action is required thanconventional therapy. The basicapproach used in development tablets is the use of superdisintegrants like Cross linked carboxymelhylcellulose (Croscarmeliose),Sodium starch glycolate (Primogel), Kollidon CL etc. which provide instant disintegration of tabletafter administration. A new dosage form allows a manufacturer to extend market exclusivity, while offering its patientpopulation a more convenient dosage form or dosing regimen. In this regard, immediate release formulations are similarto many sustained release formulations that are now commonly available.


Coastal marginal seas and estuaries are generally dumpsites for wastewater from sewage and power plants. For an urgent assessment of dilution and dispersal of toxic materials due to accidental leakage, we develop an offline passive tracer model by exploiting oceanic reanalysis products and analyze differences in spatiotemporal variability of the leaked tracers in an estuary and a continental shelf margin on the Pacific side of Japan. In the estuary, the northeastward through flow affects the dispersal, while the month-long transport is dominated rather by inter-seasonal variability of wind-driven Ekman flow and counter-clockwise local circulations associated with the cold-dome density structure. On the marginal coast, the Kuroshio and resultant secondary recirculation readily entrain the tracer, leading to immediate transport mostly in the alongshore direction. The seasonal difference in the tracer dispersal is apparent such as sporadic offshore tracer eruption episodes, depending on the locations of the Kuroshio path.


© 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins www.pidj.com | 229 Is Pneumonia Among Children in Developing Countries a Different Disease From the 1 Among Patients in the Same Age Group in Developed Countries? recalculate the risk using the total number of children exposed to antimicrobials instead of the total number of children with bacterial carriage as a denominator, antimicrobial use appears to be associated with increased colonization with resistant bacteria. The method would be appropriate if the overall rate of colonization was the same between the 2 groups with and without antimicrobial usage. However, because the overall rates of colonization are significantly different, the use of the number of children with bacterial carriage as a denominator is more appropriate. Furthermore, their assertion that "antimicrobials reduce overall colonization by eradicating susceptible bacteria" is not supported by our data, as 28% (96/342) of children who had received antimicrobials were colonized by susceptible bacteria compared with 18% (239/1312) of children who did not receive antimicrobials. Therefore, our results indicate that recent exposure to antimicrobials is significantly associated with increased risk of colonization, but not with resistance rates. It is generally accepted that recent exposure to antimicrobials is one of the independent determinants for nasopharyngeal colonization. We do agree with Drs. Gounder and Hennessy that recent exposure to antimicrobials does increase the absolute number of resistant isolates. Therefore, introduction of appropriate usage of antimicrobials in areas of overuse could contribute to lower colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae/Haemophilus influenzae, resulting in a decrease in the absolute number of resistant isolates.


Aim. High-throughput screening (HTS) will be used to discover compounds that inhibit the enzymatic activity of NSD1. NSD1 is a histone methyltransferase that specifically methylates lysine 36 on histone 3 (H3K36). The methyltransferase activity of NSD1 is retained in the NUP98-NSD1 fusions, and H3K36 methylation has been linked to HOX gene expression and leukemia progression. In future work, selective NSD1 inhibitors will be tested for suppression of proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells transfected with NUP98-NSD1.


The problem of global stabilization of the circular orbit spacecraft rendezvous system with input saturation is studied in this paper. The rendezvous process is divided into the in-plane motion and the out-plane motion based on C-W equations with saturation nonlinearities in the actuators. By considering the advantages of the recently developed parametric Lyapunov equation based design method and the invariant sets theory, a globally stabilizing gain scheduling nonlinear controller is proposed. To apply the proposed gain scheduling approach, only a scalar nonlinear equation is required to be solved online. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


CONTENTS: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL PLANNING RURAL AND VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT CITY PLANNING AND NEW TOWNS HOUSING LAND, WATER, IRRIGATION AND AGRICULTURE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMY, INDUSTRY AND COMMUNICATION ADMINISTRATION AND LAW THE LAND STATISTICS MAPS AND ATLASES BIBLIOGRAPHICAL PUBLICATIONS SUPPLEMENTARY LIST.


Selective functionalization of white phosphorus is achieved by addition of ArLi to unique cationic coinage metal η(2)-P4 complexes. This novel approach allows controlled P-C bond formation using the bulky DmpLi (Dmp = 2,6-Mes2C6H3) and the unencumbered MesLi, giving sterically diverse doubly complexed RP4 butterfly derivatives in a single step.


This work studies the secondary creep behaviour at approx. 25% stress drop in the fatigue curve on bulk solder specimens in a tensile and compression experiment. With the adaption of the pre-factor of the secondary creep models the acceleration is describable. To get a good correlation between the model as well as the real tensile and compression experiments, advanced modelling with primary and tertiary creep will be necessary.


The labeled random finite set (LRFS) theory of B.-T. Vo and B.-N. Vo is the first systematic, theoretically rigorous formulation of true multitarget tracking, and is the basis for the generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) filter (the first implementable and provably Bayes-optimal multitarget tracking algorithm). Several of the author's earlier papers investigated Bayes filters that propagate the correlations between two unlabeled evolving multitarget systems—but with limited success. In this paper we provide a theoretically rigorous and much more general approach, by devising a GLMB filter that propagates the correlations between two evolving labeled multitarget systems.


An improved two-scale model (I-TSM) for the incidence angle transition range (5°–11°) is proposed by analyzing the contributions of both quasi-specular and Bragg scatterings to the total sea surface scattering. With normalized radar cross section (NRCS) products of surface wave investigation and monitoring (SWIM) instrument, the mean square slope (MSS) and the reflection coefficient of the geometrical optics (GO) model are modified to simulate the quasi-specular scattering in I-TSM, and a Bragg scattering contribution factor adaptive to the incidence angle and wind speed is fit to provide the Bragg scattering component for I-TSM. At different incidence angles and wind speeds, I-TSM combines the quasi-specular and Bragg scatterings in variable proportions by the fitting factor. I-TSM avoids the critical angle selection and separation problems of the traditional TSM in the incidence angle transition range. Compared with the GO model and traditional TSM, I-TSM has significantly higher accuracies with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.309 dB, a relative error (RE) of 2.019%, and a scattering index (SI) of 0.03 when SWIM NRCS products are the standard data in the validation. I-TSM will provide high-precision NRCS simulation data in the incidence angle transition range for scattering characteristics analysis and echo simulation of SWIM.


Abstract : The objectives of this thesis were to calculate the perceived benefit/cost index of each base level Industrial Engineering (IE) responsibility and to determine the variables that significantly affect the perceived value and effectiveness of each base level IE responsibility. The majority of the thesis was developed around a questionnaire entitled Industrial Engineering Cost Effectiveness. The questionnaire was mailed to all Air Force bases having an industrial engineering branch of three or more personnel. The population surveyed included officers and civilians holding the following positions at each base: Base Civil Engineer, Deputy Base Civil Engineer, Chief of Industrial Engineering, Chief of Engineering and Environmental Planning, Chief of Operations and Chief of Resources and Requirements. The results of the survey indicate that the perceptions of the value and effectiveness, importance and benefit/cost index are different for each responsibility. Variables that influence the perceived value and effectiveness of base level IE were identified. Some of the changes that would enhance the perceived value of each IE responsibility are: giving IE personnel training in writing technique, oral techniques, feedback and quantitative analysis; allowing IE to participate in establishing goals and objectives for its branch. (Author)


This article presents a method for design of cross-coupled LC oscillators using open-loop technique and large signal scattering matrix parameters (S-parameters) in place of well known and established negative resistance approach. Thanks to the open-loop methodology, the main circuit parameters such as loaded quality factor, steady-state oscillation amplitude and signal frequency under large signal regime can be extracted without, often tedious and time consuming, transient simulations. The most important aspect of the proposed method is its ability to provide relatively simple and intuitive representation of a cross-coupled oscillator under changing bias conditions, with 10% accuracy in comparison to analysis in time domain. The presented methodology is not technology specific, however CMOS was chosen due to its availability, relative low cost and popularity of circuit implementation. The article shows two low power, sub-1 V voltage controlled oscillator prototypes, one operating in class-B, the other one in class-C, designed using the described method and operating under the reduced power supply requirements yet retaining a state of the art Figure of Merit (FoM) of various VCO reported in the literature.


A description and illustration of the hypopial nymph of Oryrteroxenui panamensis , n. sp., are provided. This mite parasitizes the shrew Cryptotis nigrescens nigrescens . The genus Orycteroxenus Zachvatkin is reported from Middle America for the first time.


Washington, DC—The automated, disposable Epi-K epithelial separator (Moria) safely and reliably cleaves the epithelium to create high-quality flaps and beds, and its use in Epi-LASIK is associated with favorable results with regard to postoperative pain and visual recovery profiles, said Daniela Jardim, MD, at the annual meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery.


It is the peak time for electric power construction. Every construction company bought large tools and machinery. But how to make the best use of these equipments is a big question for those companies. Based on the Guizhou No. 2 Electric Power Construction Company,s experience in Pannan power plant construction, this paper explores the effects of rationally configuring resources and dynamically dispatching large machinery and tools to the project, and analyzes the existing problems in current management.


Stent thrombosis is rare with anti-platelet therapy, which consists of aspirin and ticlopidine as a post-stenting administration. A 77-year-old man had repeated stent thrombosis, which was not predicted by coronary angiography, despite using contemporary periprocedural anti-platelet therapy. Only intravascular fiberscopy was able to detect the cause of the stent thrombosis.


The results of a new multichannel method, applied to array recordings and three-component station networks for teleseismic P waves, are presented and interpreted in terms of possible surface reflections and other arrivals from the Nevada Test Site (NTS), Novaya Zemlya, and Eastern Kazakh Test Site (EKTS) nuclear explosions. The deconvolution method utilizes the well known fact that P-wave spectra can be decomposed into source and receiver spectral factors. The source functions obtained in the deconvolution process provide a better picture of the nature of explosion source time functions and, in particular, of the presence or lack of secondary arrivals following the P wave such as pP or spall. The presence of such secondary arrivals and their effects on the first cycle of the P wave are very important in yield estimation. For most events at the eastern part of EKTS the source time functions appear to contain a pP arrival but they also show later, unexplained arrivals and other complexities. At other test sites often there are no clearly identifiable pP phases in the deconvolved traces. Joint deconvolution of central EKTS data using all AWRE arrays indicated strong azimuthal asymmetries in the body-wave radiation. Deconvolutions of NTS events were considerablymore » degraded by the limited signal bandwidth due to strong mantle attenuation under this test site. The site functions are also complex in most cases. Site and source effects contribute about equally to the energy observed in the P codas of the events analyzed.« less


Disorders of calcium and phosphorus are the major problems in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Can lead to very serious diseases mainly skeletal and cardio vascular cause discomfort or even being permanent disability. The key objectives of the treatment is undoubtedly the protection of patients from the negative consequences of mental disorders. This article describes and analyzes the results of the author's program of health education of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism implemented by selected nursing staff in 29 centers of our country nephrology.


While I appreciate the opportunity, generously offered by the editors of this journal, to carry further the debate on issues raised by the review article by Karl Erik Rosengren of my book The Social Semiotics of Mass Communication, the unusual length of Karl Erik Rosengren's review (EJC 11(1): pp. 129-41) forces me to address only his main criticisms. The unusual vehemence of some of the criticisms, moreover, induces me to examine them at the meta-level of the history and politics of mass communication research: why this now? The core of Rosengren's argument is that the type of qualitative empirical studies included in the volume to support what he recognizes as 'interesting' observations and 'ingenious' interpretations (pp. 131, 136, 138), have no independent explanatory value for the understanding of how people experience and apply media in everyday contexts. Instead, the findings must be regarded as 'hypotheses to be tested with reliable and valid measurements carried out on a representative sample of some theoretically and/or empirically interesting population' (pp. 139-40). His argument reproduces a classic conflict within both communication research and theory of science, namely, whether or not, in the final analysis, the present type of qualitative empirical studies can be said to produce scientific knowledge. In Rosengren's interpretation, my attempt to contribute to a possible third paradigm 'is marred by his tendency to couch his qualitative results in pseudo-quantitative formulations .. .' (p. 139).


Using nonlinear displacement-to-strain transducers, we demonstrate a dither-frequency multiplexing scheme for fiber sensors, suitable for measurands in the dc-1 Hz range, using a single interferometer and single laser source.


lessly concerned with the penetration of military ideology and technology into contemporary experience; the series' main protagonist, Snake, is a site for an acute examination of the conflict between the dense charisma of war and war's deleterious effects on the subject's ethical responsibility to the Other; moreover, given that the Metal Gear series spans decades in its unfolding and byzantine narrative, the game would seem perfectly to illustrate the very central idea of the interminable time of war. Snake, indeed, is the perfect site for an examination of Lamarre's idea that war exerts total 'control on the everyday time of orderly social productivity' (xi). War/Time, while containing several fascinating essays, is not the strongest entry in the Mechademia series. Lamarre's Preface introduces some crucial and critical entry points (indeed, the Preface is perhaps the strongest aspect of the volume), and while some essays do follow through on the resonant promise of that Preface, most simply do not. The result is a grab-bag of essays that stands as testimony merely to the specific interests of the authors and not to the larger cultural interests of the volume as a whole. War/Time thus is largely, and lamentably, a missed opportunity.


Italy is featured by its rich cultural heritage,highly socialized protection awareness,a sound legal system and advanced protection technology,which makes its theory and practice of cultural heritage protection take the leading position in the world.Italy has gone through four stages of legal construction,such as setting up the working mechanism of multi-side participation and collaboration,promoting the interaction between protection and development of cultural heritage by old building remedy,urban environmental protection and the introduction of modern features.


Abstract Although the type-3 to -6 ordinary chondrite recrystallization sequence is attributed to prograde thermal metamorphism by most researchers, various studies have inferred support for the hot-accretion alternative on the basis of the composition and fine structure of pyroxene, the composition and texture of metallic Fe–Ni, misshapen chondrules, the texture of fine-grained silicate matrix material, the depletion of volatile trace elements in chondrite whole rocks, and natural remanent magnetization. Critical assessment of these studies shows that the arguments favoring hot accretion are based largely on inadequate data, flawed experiments, or improbable interpretations. The properties of ordinary chondrites are more readily understood in terms of prograde metamorphism of initially cold, unequilibrated type-3 material and episodes of brecciation, shock heating, and, in some cases, aqueous alteration.


—White-winged Potoo Nyctibius leucopterus is known from very few localities in the Atlantic Forest, but is supposed to occur throughout suitable habitats in Amazonia. Known solely from specimens until the late 1980s, there are still very few data on its natural history and distribution. Here we report a striking new record of N. leucopterus in the Atlantic Forest, at Sooretama Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, the fourth locality in this biome, the first for south-east Brazil and the southernmost ever. Sooretama, together with the adjacent Linhares Natural Reserve, is the largest fragment of lowland Atlantic Forest. Knowledge of its vocal repertoire and habitat preferences evidently enhance our ability to locate the species, and nutrient-poor, sandier soils are apparently critical to its occurrence in the Atlantic Forest. Should the Amazonian population be described as a separate taxon, as has been suggested in the literature, the Atlantic Forest form will be restricted to fragments in Bahia and Espírito Santo, and thus highly threatened.


Purpose There is a large gap between UKA and TKA in terms of tissue preservation including bone stock and knee ligament. We have recently introduced bicompartmental UKA (Bi-UKA) to fill the gap and achieve more "physiological" knee than TKA. In this study, we report the short-term results of Bi-UKA. Subjects and Methods Thirty knees in twenty-nine osteoarthritis patients who underwent Bi-UKA from December 2010 to December 2013 (6 males and 23 females, average age of 75) were clinically and radiologically evaluated with an average observation period of 19 months. The operative indications were (1)confirmed diagnosis of medial and lateral osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis with preserved status of patellofemoral joint; (2)range of knee flexion greater than 110°; (3)flexion contracture less than 20°; (4)clinically stable knee in the frontal and sagittal plane; (5)correctable knee deformity with fine knee congruency. In all cases, fixed type UKA was implanted through a tibia dependent cut using a spacer block. Zimmer Uni and TRIBRID UKA (Kyocera Medical Corporation) were implanted in 18 and 12 cases, respectively. Results The mean JOA score improved significantly from 57 points preoperatively to 89 points postoperatively. With regard to ROM, the mean extension significantly improved from −6° to −1° (p Discussion Bi-UKA is a bone- and ligament-sparing procedure that may provide better knee function and patient satisfaction than does TKA. Complicated surgical procedure, relationship of placement position between medial and lateral prostheses, ligament balancing, and longer-term results remain subjects to be resolved. However, tibia dependent cut technique using spacer block was quite useful to improve the accuracy of implants positioning during Bi-UKA procedure. Our short-term results of Bi-UKA were well acceptable although there were a few complaints or complications. We would like to confirm the usefulness of this procedure and further establish the best indication by increasing the number of patients in the future.


OBJECTIVES
Previously, we demonstrated glucose-induced beta-cell tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas, a protein containing 15 YXXP repeats that can become tyrosine phosphorylated and bind Src-homology 2 (SH2)-containing proteins. In light of the importance of p130Cas in other cell types, we determined which beta-cell proteins exhibited glucose-induced association with p130Cas.

METHODS
beta cells were stimulated with glucose and/or the muscarinic agonist carbachol to determine which SH2-containing adapter proteins underwent glucose-induced association with p130Cas.

RESULTS
The SH2-containing adapter protein Crk underwent glucose-induced association with p130Cas, while other SH2-containing proteins such as grb2, PI3 kinase, Shp-2, paxillin, and pyk2 did not. Glucose-induced Crk-p130Cas association was rapid and sustained and was maximal with the combination of glucose and carbachol, paralleling insulin secretion. There was no increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Crk itself. The expression of Crk in isolated rat islets was also demonstrated.

CONCLUSION
beta cells contain the SH2-containing adapter protein Crk, which undergoes glucose-induced association with p130Cas.


NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Pfizer Inc. (NYSE:PFE) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accepted the company's New Drug Application and granted Priority Review designation for glasdegib, an investigational oral smoothened (SMO) inhibitor, being evaluated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in combination with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC), a type of chemotherapy.


Uniform nanocrystalline mesoporous mixed cobalt–nickel spinel phases displaying unimodal pores in the 7–12 nm range and relatively high specific surface areas up to 83 m2/g were prepared by a novel low temperature synthesis approach in which the desired metal oxide stoichiometries were introduced on a molecular level by reacting heterometallic alkoxide precursors in the presence of supramolecular liquid crystalline phases. The resultant phases, composed mainly of ca. 8–11 nm uniform cobalt–nickel spinel nanoparticles, were highly promising as low-temperature hydrocarbon combustion catalysts investigated in a model reaction of propane oxidation. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


This study analyzes the impact of crucial energy crisis on the performance of textile sector of Pakistan for a six year period (2005-2010). For the purpose of comparison this study is divided into two sub periods: pre-crisis period (2005-2006) and post-crisis period (2007-2010). For getting real insight of the phenomenon under study, secondary data has been collected from State Bank of Pakistan Analysis Report on Textile Sector. The methodology comprised of horizontal analysis of the major ratios (profitability, liquidity, asset management and debt management) for the entire period. The profitability ratios such as ROA, ROE and NPM has shown declining trend in post energy crisis period. The debt management and asset management ratios evidenced the illmanagement of debts and assets of textile sector during energy crisis period. The liquidity ratio also shows declining trend during and after energy crisis. In Brief, the results allow us to conclude that textile sector has been badly affected in post-energy crisis period as compare to pre energy crisis period.


━━ Objective. To design a more effective lung cancer detection system by studying the problems associated with selecting medical facilities that provide individual lung cancer screening. Methods. A survey was conducted at 154 institutions registered in Suita City as tuberculosis medical screening facilities, on whether they had implemented individual lung cancer screening that was started in 2008. We used questionnaires for checking medical instrument performance, radiographic conditions, materials used and so on. A final decision was then made by evaluating plain chest X-ray films at each medical institution. Results.We judged 120 medical institutions as compliant and accredited them. The remaining 34 medical facilities did not comply with conditions established by the Japan Lung Cancer Society, therefore they were refused accreditation. However, the radiographic image quality at accredited medical institutions was not sufficient. Conclusion. Continued instruction is required at medical institutions to take radiographic images that are suitable for diagnostic purposes. Furthermore, we believed that it is very important to design a prognosis evaluation system for efficient interpretations of radiograms to diminish the number of false-negative results. (JJLC. 2012;52:956-960) KEY WORDS━━ Lung cancer screening, Quality assurance Reprints : Katsuyuki Kawanishi, The Suita Medical Association, 19-2 Deguchi-cho, Suita City, Osaka 564-0072, Japan ( e-mail : email@example.com). 要旨━━目的.個別肺がん検診実施医療機関を選定す るときの問題点を検討して,より有効な肺がん検診シス テムを設計する.方法.吹田市結核検診実施医療機関と して登録されていた 154 施設について,平成 20 年度開始 の個別肺がん検診が実施可能であるか審査した.機器性 能,撮影条件,使用材料などをアンケートで確認した後, 各医療機関の胸部単純X線写真を評価して最終決定し た.結果.120 医療機関が適合していると判定され認定 施設となった.残り 34 医療機関は日本肺癌学会で定める 条件に適合しないため不合格となった.しかし認定され た医療機関のX線写真の画質もなお十分に満足できる ものではなかった.結論.撮影医療機関に対して診断に 適するX線写真を撮影するための指導を続けていくこ とが必要である.それに加えて診断時の偽陰性を少なく するための効率的な読影,判定システムを設計すること もまた重要であると考えている. 索引用語━━肺がん検診,精度管理


In order to predict the reliability of low voltage distribution network, an improved algorithm based on the traditional sequential Monte Carlo method is proposed. In this method, the basic data and operation data of low voltage power network are used to calculation parameters of each branch's and equipment's failure rate, outage time and failure effects. By combining sequential Monte Carlo method, the reliability of low voltage distribution network is predicted. This paper also put forward the measures to improve the power supply reliability of low voltage distribution network, including replacing the old line equipment, adding the sectional switch and installing the contact switch. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can be applied to the reliability prediction of low voltage distribution network.


†† Summary The intronization is defined as an encryption method, i.e., inserting introns into an exon sequence to obtain ciphertext. Intronization can be used for information hiding, password salting, virus morphing, and an intermediate step of other encryption or hash primitives. Geometric objects can be applied to guide the intronization process. The existence of large number of introns in ciphertext could make frequency-based cryptanalysis difficult.


In this paper we first summarize shortly our long experience in integrating Analytic Hierarchy Processes to the dynamic simulation of business systems. Then we show by an actual production-distribution case the obvious benefits of the integrative approach. Production- distribution systems are related to most functions within the firm, beginning from the materials management and ending with deliveries to markets. In such a case, the complex, direct and indirect relationships imply that the straightforward, traditional evaluation techniques do not necessarily lead to the best result. We cannot convert every intangible effect into monetary gains or expenses. In addition, we also have to use such criteria as flexibility, material availability, product quality, system stability, etc. In this research we show how an integrated simulation- evaluation system can support the management of intangible production-distribution systems in an efficient manner. As a descriptive example we analyze the investment decisions in a production-distribution case. New methods and technologies (EDI, Internet) have changed dramatically the ways in which firms manage their operations and their relations with customers. The production-distribution systems are at the center of these changes. The need of high quality and high efficiency has become characteristics of new logistics systems. One of the main problems with the production-distribution management is the issue of investment decisions. Because the logistics systems are highly related to most functions within the firm beginning from the materials management and ending with marketing they have also a lot of direct and indirect effects on the operation of the firm. These complicated interrelations imply that we cannot use only straightforward, traditional techniques of investment analyses. We cannot convert every outcome into monetary incomes or expenses. In addition, we also have to use such criteria as flexibility, material availability, product quality, system stability, etc.


Fractal structures are common in nature, and the structures that play a role in the formation of macroscopic systems, as well as represent new structures characterized by dramatic changes in the physical properties. The aim of this work is to determine the dimensions of fractal carbon structures using electron microscopy and provision characteristics of fractal carbon structures by calculating the fractal dimension.  The feedstock for fractal structures in an arc discharge is a mixture of pyrolytic carbon and coal tar. The fractal carbon structures has been systematically studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The SEM observation shows quite a large range of sizes of fractal clusters and aggregates. The TEM analysis reveals formation of carbon nanoparticles in a narrow range of 2–8 nm.  The results show that the fractal structure of the carbon deposits are volumetric fractals with dimension of carbon deposits of 2.96. Volume fractal structure consisting of fractal aggregates, the cloud formations, and the like ones having a similar structure may be formed of different materials - graphite and pyrolytic carbon. A necessary condition for the nucleation of carbon nanostructures is the formation of carbon nanoparticles in an arc discharge.


The Sontecomapan mangrove is located at Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, in the southern of Veracruz, Mexico. Currently, this area is listed in the Ramsar index with number 1342. Its biological, cultural and economical values are recognized. This ecosystem represents habitat, refuge, nesting area and nursery for numerous species. A distinctive characteristic of this mangrove is the high forest structure compared with other mangrove forests in Veracruz and as well as the high number of plants associated to this ecosystem, mainly epiphytes and orchids, many of them endangered. At the moment, their cultural value is underestimated, although the area of the swamp of Sontecomapan had relevance from the prehispanic time mainly by the Olmecan culture. Its economic value is as a food source and revenue for many people. However, several problems are affecting its conservation, such as the advance of human settlement on swamp land, illegal hunting, among others. This swamp constitutes a natural area protected administered by the Universidad Veracruzana. This paper described the initial strategy of preservation of this ecosystem, the formulation of a Management Plan. Investigation, education and conservation are the main objectives.


Abstract Five polysaccharide-producing bacteria, which grew actively in a newly developed whey media, were isolated from kefir grains. About 300 to 400mg of polysaccharide/L of broth were produced with 65 to 85% excreted into the medium. The polysaccharide had equal amounts of glucose and galactose and two main activity peaks with molecular weights of 1.0 × 10 6 to 4.0 × 10 6 .


A series of low speed wind tunnel tests were conducted to study the unsteady flow events on an airfoil oscillating in plunge mode beyond its static-stall angle of attack. Data were acquired at a Reynolds number of 0.42*10 6 , over a range of reduced frequencies, k=0.03-0.1 and plunging amplitude of ±15cm. It was found that in the post stall region, there existed a fully separated flow over the upper surface of the airfoil and the dynamic stall vortex formed in the vicinity of the leading edge region. Also, the effect of the reduced frequency was investigated.


A new composite ion exchanger polyanilinezirconium(IV) tungstophosphate has been synthesized with the precipitation of zirconium tungstophosphate gel followed by polymerization of aniline in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS). Its ion exchange capacities, ESCA, TGA, DTA, IR, X-ray, pH titrations, distribution behavior have been reported. Its utility has been explored by achieving the separation of La I I I from Th I V .


. This paper introduces a mobile museum guide that has been designed for the National Gallery in London with the special goal of triggering reflection of the visitor. We also present the results obtained from a first experiment. The underlying postulate is that visitors are more prone to reflection and more interested by the collection in a museum if they can discover it through other facets than those highlighted solely in the museum, and if this discovery is personalised for each of them. The smart guide includes means to personalise a visit by modelling the user preferences and behaviour, and builds recommendations for stories or groups of paintings based on the user profile and reflective topics.


Merly.jl is a package for creating web applications in Julia. It presents features such as the creation of endpoints with function notation and with macro notation, handling of static files, use of path parameters, processing of data sent by a web client in the body in a personalized way, handling of CORS and compatibility with the use of middleware. It presents a familiar syntax with the rest of the most popular web frameworks without neglecting the execution performance. This manuscript mentions the operation and main features of Merly.jl


Structural insulated panels, structurally performed panels consisting of a plastic insulation bonded between two structural panel facings, are one of emerging products with a viewpoint of its energy and construction efficiencies. These components are applicable to fabricated wood structures. In Korea, there are few technical documents regulated structural performance and engineering criteria in domestic market. This study was conducted to identify fundamental performance of both monotonic load and quasi static cyclic load for SIPs in shear wall application. Static test results showed that maximum load was 44.3kN, allowable load was 14.7kN for racking resistance. Cyclic test results equivalent to static test results showed that maximum load was 45.42kN, allowable load was 15.14kN.


We have recently reported on the management of risk in developing new immunosuppressive agents (1). In particular, we discussed the ever-evolving environment of drug safety and described in detail the process of risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) and their impact on transplantation. Given the dynamic nature of drug safety, it is not surprising that, since the acceptance of our manuscript, there have been several major developments that must be addressed to provide practitioners with the most upto-date view of REMS. The two developments include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of belatacept (Nulojix, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA) for marketing in the United States and the FDA allowing some medications to be released from their REMS requirements.


The increasing prevalence of overweight in children is one of the main problems of public health. Its determinants are complex, involving multiplelevels, from the individual to the microenvironment; from the agroindustrial complex to public policies; from the socioeconomic position to the social capital. The obvious complexity of the problem led us to a systemic approachin order to understand the relationships among these various components. Based on this systemic theoretical model, the study analyzes data from acohort of children living in Manguinhos, a poor community in the north of the city of Rio de Janeiro, started in 2004, with follow-ups in 2008 and 2012. In this thesis, prepubescent children aged 5 to 9 years old were included. The subject was analyzed from two perspectives: coming from Economic and Social Studies, generating two articles. In the first article, we compared the expenditure with the child's food with the price of a healthy diet, based on food commonly consumed in the same group. There was a high expenditure on ultra-processed products, determinants of overweight, and a total value greater than the estimated cost of an adequate food, based on the Food Guide for the Brazilian population. The ultra-processed, even considering the low unit price, are consumed in large quantities, increasing the household spending. In the second article that associate the body image with the measured BMI, overweighted child see themselves smaller than the observed IMC. This body image perception can result from a culturally established pattern, basedon home and neighborhood environment. This pattern is possibly resultant of a relationship between large bodies with status, a symbolic capital aspect. This finding should be taken into account when considering the individual interventions to control obesity.
These results point to the need to develop a solid knowledge-based strategies, not just the considering the macro social aspects, but also the everyday life of people in vulnerable urban areas, that could support intervention in these places where obesity grows.


What the civil law pursuits is not only the autonomy of private law or private autonomy, rather the harmonized coexistence of many different values. Meanwhile, the fact that the legal effect comes from the provision of positive law does not necessarily collide with the autonomy of private law. On the contrary, the provisions of positive law are often the safeguard of the autonomy of private law. Secondly, the philosophical hermeneutics has its given theory expectation and objective of argumentation, so, what it provides for the civil law is a reflection ability and standpoint of considering problem, not methodology. Consequently, the theory that elucidates the process of the intention expression interpretation with the concept of game does not have normative contents, and does not promote the autonomy of private law better.


Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system that occurs irregularly and unpredictably, due to the temporary electrical disturbances in the brain. According to World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological diseases globally [1]. It predisposes individuals to experience recurrent seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a technique used to measure the electrical activity of the brain signals for the diagnosis of neurological disorders, and it also paves the way for seizure detection using scalp and intra-cranial EEGs as the input data. In this paper, we have proposed a method for non-linear feature based epileptic seizure detection by extracting five features namely Entropy, Mean, Skewness, Standard Deviation and Band Power. The classification techniques used are K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Support vector machine (SVM) which gave an accuracy of 95.33% and 100% respectively.


dichtung as an expression of the collective spirit. When this connection no longer held, formal literature and oral tradition once again went their separate ways. There are fundamental objections to such a thesis that need not concern us here. The book offers a number of useful insights into the dynamics of literary change and the promotion of national consciousness through art, and for those reasons alone, it merits careful but critical reading.


Very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images can geometrically depict ground targets in detail but are usually insufficient in the spectral domain. This characteristic leads to a considerable amount of noise and pseudo change in the produced binary change detection maps (BCDMs) when VHR remote sensing images are used for change detection. Here, to solve the aforementioned problem, an object-oriented key point vector distance (KPVD) is proposed to measure the change magnitude between bitemporal VHR images when land cover changes are detected. The proposed KPVD-based change detection approach comprises the following major steps. First, multiscale objects based on a postevent image are extracted by the fractional net evaluation segmentation approach, and then, the segments are taken as the unit for measuring the change magnitude between bitemporal images. Second, key points and the corresponding vector are defined to describe the object feature instead of using the total pixels within the object. Finally, KPVD is proposed to measure the change magnitude between the local areas referenced to the object in the bitemporal images. The change magnitude image (CMI) between the bitemporal images is generated while the entire images are scanned and processed object by object. A well-known automatic binary method, the Otsu approach, is employed in this article to divide CMI into a BCDM. Experimental results conducted on four real data sets demonstrate the feasibility and outperformance of the proposed KPVD-based change detection approach compared with five state-of-the-art methods in terms of visual performance and quantitative measurements.


Significance The insect respiratory system consists of tubular tracheae that transport oxygen to the organs. We show that, in the insect pest Riptortus pedestris, the establishment of an essential symbiosis in the gut with the aerobic bacterial species Burkholderia insecticola triggers the development of an extensive tracheal network enveloping the gut. Genetically blocking the trachea formation prevents this gut symbiosis. We further discovered that the reactive oxygen species-generating enzyme Duox is crucial for the formation and stabilization of tracheae by forming protein cross-links in the tracheal matrix. Reactive oxygen species generated by Duox can be scavenged with antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine, and feeding insects with this compound prevents tracheal formation and symbiosis, suggesting that antioxidants can be used as novel insecticides. Most animals harbor a gut microbiota that consists of potentially pathogenic, commensal, and mutualistic microorganisms. Dual oxidase (Duox) is a well described enzyme involved in gut mucosal immunity by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that antagonizes pathogenic bacteria and maintains gut homeostasis in insects. However, despite its nonspecific harmful activity on microorganisms, little is known about the role of Duox in the maintenance of mutualistic gut symbionts. Here we show that, in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris, Duox-dependent ROS did not directly contribute to epithelial immunity in the midgut in response to its mutualistic gut symbiont, Burkholderia insecticola. Instead, we found that the expression of Duox is tracheae-specific and its down-regulation by RNAi results in the loss of dityrosine cross-links in the tracheal protein matrix and a collapse of the respiratory system. We further demonstrated that the establishment of symbiosis is a strong oxygen sink triggering the formation of an extensive network of tracheae enveloping the midgut symbiotic organ as well as other organs, and that tracheal breakdown by Duox RNAi provokes a disruption of the gut symbiosis. Down-regulation of the hypoxia-responsive transcription factor Sima or the regulators of tracheae formation Trachealess and Branchless produces similar phenotypes. Thus, in addition to known roles in immunity and in the formation of dityrosine networks in diverse extracellular matrices, Duox is also a crucial enzyme for tracheal integrity, which is crucial to sustain mutualistic symbionts and gut homeostasis. We expect that this is a conserved function in insects.


2 Abstract: The in vitro cytotoxicity of the fermentation broth of four lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) strains, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus delbreukii, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus on four h uman cancer c ell-lines w as inv estigated using the sulforhodamine B assay. Assessment of the growth in the presence of individual and s elected mi xtures of the LAB strains revealed growth inhibition .The inhibition is cell line selective, dose and t ime dependent, and e xerts its action through different m echanisms. T hough, a mixture of L AB strains which are not effe ctive as ind ividuals exerted pronoun ced inhibition on selected cel l lines. The Bifidobacterium animalis and i ts mixtures 50 inhibited t he growth of the four cell lines, t he IC of the Bifidobacterium animalis alone and in m ixture in the HCTI16 cultures were 36.2 and 13.4 respectively. The results pointed to the enhanced effect of LAB strains in m ixtures on cell growth inhibition.


liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, 2) lead-induced liver hyperplasia, 3) liver cell proliferation induced by insulin in streptozotocin- diabetic rats, 4) liver cell proliferation in fasted rats after refeeding and, 5) hepatocyte nodules induced by a selection procedure. The results indeed indicate that changes in HMP-shunt and cholesterol metabolism occur at a very early stage during the process of normal as well as preneoplastic cell growth. The coordinated regulation between cell growth and changes in these metabolic pathways needs further study.


There are some phonological characteristics in Buyi People' s Chinese. According the studying and researching, we can find some rules of phonological phenomena by the influence between Buyi' s language and Chinese. This work will help us for the bilingualism and sound shift study and Chinese education for national minority.


The morphology of vegetation‐stabilized dune fields on the North American Great Plains (NAGP) mostly comprises parabolic dunes; stabilized barchan and transverse dunes are rare, with the exception of transverse and barchan mega‐dunes in the Nebraska Sand Hills. We present a hypothesis from a numerical dune field model explaining the vegetation‐stabilized morphology of dunes under unidirectional wind. Simulations with a range of initial dune morphologies (closely‐spaced transverse to disperse barchans) indicate that stabilized morphology is determined by the ratio of slipface deposition rate to deposition tolerance of vegetation. Slipface deposition rate is related to dune height, flux, and celerity. With a fixed depositional tolerance, large, slow‐moving dunes have low slipface deposition rates and 'freeze' in place once vegetation is introduced. Relatively small, fast dunes have high slipface deposition rates and evolve into parabolic dunes, often colliding during stabilization. Our hypothesis could explain differences in stabilized morphology across the NAGP and elsewhere.


Our companion paper introduced a new general equilibrium concept, called PDME, in which a natural monopoly maximizes its industry's surplus. While PDME's are always efficient, decentralization and existence sometimes fail under increasing returns to scale. This paper derives conditions under which PDME's exist and under which optima can be decentralized. We also link PDME to other equilibrium concepts with equilibrium conversion theorems. This allows us to provide new conditions when these earlier euilibrium concepts are efficient, and when the other equilibira exist. It also allows us to rank equilibrium concepts by the size of the set of decentralizable optimal allocations.


With the growth of E-commerce, the development of recommendation systems is helpful for users to select desirable products from all kinds of them. The existing e-commerce recommendation approaches are based on a user's preference on music. However, sometimes, it might better meet users' requirement to recommend products according to emotions. In this paper, we propose a novel framework model for emotion- based e-commerce recommendation systems. The core of the recommendation framework is the construction of the product vs customer emotion model by two-dimensional overlap spaces, which plays an important role in conveying emotions in products. We investigate the product feature extraction and propose some related matching algorithms for the construction of product vs customer emotion model. Then the system model, data structures and so on are given in our paper. At last, experimental and analytical result shows the proposed emotion-based music recommendation achieves higher accuracy and faster retrieval speed.


The year 1975 marks the beginning of a significant change for the AADR. For the first time we are holding our own annual scientific meeting separate from the International Association for Dental Research. Accompanying this is our already establishied change in name to the American Association for Dental Researclh. The reasons for these changes are clear: it was the desire of our members to have an organization that can represent dental research before the United States Congress and which can speak of our needs and aspirations undiluted by members from outside this country. To accomplish this end a new committee has been appointed to deal with issues of national affairs and their impact on dental research.