We report the case of an infant (boy) with scalp aplasia cutis congenita and skull defects, whose mother (25 years old) was treated with methimazole (10 mg/day) during the first trimester of pregnancy. The infant was born at full term (body weight, 2,870 g; body length, 47 cm). As shown in Fig. 1, hairless skin defects (1.4×0.7 cm and 1.2×0.7 cm) were observed at birth in the occipital region (near the hair whorl). A radiograph and computed tomography (CT) of the skull just after birth showed bilateral parietal bone defects (Fig. 2). The skin lesions were disinfected with povidone-iodine. A skull radiograph taken 3 months after birth did not reveal any parietal bone defects. However, the dimensions of the scars (2.0×1.5 cm and 2.5×2.0 cm) caused by aplasia cutis congenita were increased 8 months after birth (Fig. 3). Therefore, we are contemplating plastic surgery when the infant turns 1 year old.


The removal of textile reactive dye from an aqueous solution on a new adsorbent prepared from waste cotton knitted fabric was investigated in this study. Waste cotton textile, used for the production of adsorbents, is a by-product of the cutting of stacked parts of cotton knitwear planned for the production of women's T-shirts. The degree of efficiency of a paper pattern determines the amount of collected waste. The qualitative and quantitative characterization of the new adsorbent showed carbon and oxygen to be dominant in the chemical composition. A longer contact time means a greater amount of dye on the adsorbent, i.e. the dye concentration in the solution decreases with the duration of the adsorption process. The percentage of removed dye decreases with an increase in the initial dye concentration in the solution. However, the actual amount of adsorbed dye increases as the initial dye concentration increases. The results for equilibrium adsorption show that the Langmuir isotherm can be used for the interpretation of reactive dye adsorption on a new adsorbent. The pseudo-first order model can be fully used to describe the kinetics of dye adsorption on an adsorbent, with respect to valid results for statistical indicators. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the new adsorbent obtained from waste textiles has the potential to remove textile reactive dye from aqueous solutions.


A rotating electric machine (1) includes a stator (2) and a rotor (3). The rotor (3) includes an iron core (10) and permanent magnets (11). The iron core (10) includes a cylindrical connection portion (12) and ten magnetic pole portions (13). The cylindrical connection portion (12) surrounds a rotation shaft (9). The ten magnetic pole portions (13), the number of which corresponding to the number of poles, are disposed radially outside the connection portion (12). The connection portion (12) and the magnetic pole portions (13) are integrated with each other. The permanent magnets (11) are disposed between the magnetic pole portions (13). The magnetic pole portions (13) include flange portions (18) that cover parts of radially outer surfaces of the permanent magnets (11) while allowing at least parts of the radially outer surfaces to be exposed. Each of the permanent magnets (11) includes a tapered portion (19) in at least a part thereof, and the tapered portion (19) has a length (L3) in a direction perpendicular to the radial direction that decreases radially inward.


Understanding the effects of interventions and using evidence to inform decisions are difficult tasks. Individual studies or systematic reviews of studies do not fully address uncertainty, tradeoffs among alternative outcomes, and variation in individuals' preferences (values) for different outcomes. Uncertainty remains when clinical studies provide evidence for only surrogate outcomes, have small sample sizes, have limited follow-up durations, have deficiencies in their design and conduct, or present insufficient information on relevant patient subgroups. Tradeoffs among outcomes are common in clinical practice (for example, effective treatments may be associated with adverse effects). Preferences for different outcomes need to be considered when the consequences of alternative options are being assessed. Models and simulations are valuable tools for addressing uncertainty, tradeoffs, and heterogeneous preferences. They help structure investigators' thinking, facilitate communication of assumptions and results, synthesize data from disparate sources, make predictions, and inform our understanding of the effect of interventions. This paper addresses mathematical models that attempt to capture true (structural) relationships among their components (16) and integrate information from multiple sources. Such models include those considered in the National Research Council report on microsimulation (7), the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Principles of Good Practice report (8), and the ISPOR-Society for Medical Decision Making (SMDM) Modeling Good Research Practices Task Force report (9, 10). We provide recommendations for the conduct and reporting of modeling and simulation studies in health technology assessment developed through a stakeholder-driven systematic reviewbased process. Methods This paper is based on a chapter of the Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews (11), which was prepared under contract with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) program. Details about the development process and additional references to the technical literature are contained in the chapter (www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov). Following a process consistent with a previously described methodological framework (12), we expanded and updated 2 systematic reviews of recommendations for the conduct and reporting of modeling and simulation studies (13, 14). We then discussed the review findings with 28 stakeholders, comprising patient representatives (n= 4), providers (n= 6), a purchaser (n= 1), payers (n= 2), policymakers (n= 14), principal investigators (n= 15), and a product maker (n= 1); several individuals represented multiple perspectives. Subsequently, we reviewed the Web sites of 126 international health technology assessment agencies for guidance or standards for modeling and simulation. We developed draft recommendations that were presented at the 2014 annual meeting of the SMDM (15) and the 2015 annual meeting of the ISPOR (16) and reviewed by external experts, EPC researchers, and AHRQ officers. The directors of AHRQ-funded EPCs adopted the final set of recommendations as guidance for the EPC program by majority vote. Appendix Table 1 provides a list of terms and definitions used in the recommendations. Appendix Table 1. Definitions of Terms* Recommendations We have organized the recommendations for modeling and simulation by conceptualization and structure, data, assessment and consistency, and interpretation and reporting (13, 14, 1719). The modeling effort produces a model structure and data-derived estimates of its parameters. Assessment and consistency refer to evaluation of the model against its stated goals, and interpretation and reporting pertain to the presentation of results and transparency (Appendix Table 2). In general, modelers should view all recommendations pragmatically when embarking on a specific project; using the rule of reason (20), they should exercise judgment to decide whether specific recommendations appreciably affect their conclusions and to balance feasibility with the desire to conduct extensive analyses. Appendix Table 2. Operational Definitions for the Conceptualization and Structure, Data, Assessment and Consistency, and Interpretation and Reporting Framework Conceptualization and Structure Explicitly state the research question and modeling goals. Describe and justify the decision to use modeling to address the research question. Use a conceptual model to guide the development of the mathematical model. The research question determines the modeling goals. Specifying the research question and modeling goals may require using literature-based information, expert knowledge, and input from stakeholders. Models and simulations should be based on a clear conceptual model informed by substantive knowledge and previous empirical studies (2125). Choose a perspective depending on the research question and the relevant stakeholders. There is no a priori preferred modeling perspective. The modeling perspective depends on the research question and relevant stakeholders (for example, decision makers) and determines the methods for choosing and handling consequences, preferences, and resources or costs (if examined). In some cases, societal or health care sector perspectives can serve as base or reference cases to facilitate comparability of results across various modeling efforts. Specify the model scope to be consistent with the research question and modeling perspective. Describe and justify the model scope. A model represents selected aspects of the phenomenon under study in a simplified form (that is, modeling is a process of abstraction and idealization). The research question determines which aspects are represented. The scope of the model includes the definition of the condition or disease of interest, populations, risk factors, and diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. For decision models, one should also define the target population, alternative strategies, decision-relevant outcome quantities, decision criteria, time horizon, and decision-making perspective. Specify and implement the structure of the mathematical model to correspond to the research question, the model's scope, and the modeling perspective. Provide the rationale for the chosen mathematical structure; explain and justify structural assumptions and computational approximations. Relatively simple models (for example, decision trees and time-homogeneous Markov state transition models) may be appropriate for use in the health technology assessment setting (for example, to contextualize the evidence and extend systematic review findings). For references to the extensive literature on different mathematical structures and computational implementations (for example, process-based, agent-based, or compartmental models and forward Monte Carlo or Bayesian implementations), see the chapter in the Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews (11), on which this paper is based. Allow for comparisons among all interventions that are relevant to the research question and the model's scope. In the rare case that exclusions of feasible options are deemed necessary, they should be fully justified. Use a time horizon long enough to allow all relevant outcomes to be fully evaluated. The choice of time horizon has implications for the data used to populate models. Lifetime horizons almost always require extrapolation of treatment effects well beyond the follow-up duration of available clinical trials. When deciding how to handle time, spatial location, interactions among agents, and health states, consider the nature of the modeled phenomenon and the convenience of (and approximation errors associated with) alternative choices. Whether time is modeled as continuous or discrete should be guided by the specifics of the system being modeled and the process for making decisions (for example, whether they are made in a continuous manner or only at specific time points). Analogous considerations pertain to the modeling of spatial location, interagent interactions, and the granularity of health states. Determine the targeted level of complexity (or parsimony) based on the research question and model scope. It is often preferable to build a simpler model first and progressively increase the degree of complexity. Models should not be any more complex than necessary to capture all pertinent aspects of the system being modeled (20, 2628). Simplicity facilitates timely development, error checking, and validation. Simple models may also be more accessible and easier to communicate to nontechnical stakeholders. Data Describe the methods for identifying and analyzing data. Make data choices based on the research question and the model's scope and structure. Report all data sources clearly and provide explicit references. Obtain values for model inputs following epidemiological and statistical principles. Use a best evidence approach when selecting data sources for model parameters. Obtain estimates for influential parameters by using systematic review methods. Values for parameters that substantially influence model results should be chosen on the basis of a systematic and replicable process that aims to minimize bias; this will often require that systematic reviews be conducted for influential parameters. The research question, decisional context, and goals of modeling should inform the choice of data sources and synthesis methods. When data on parameters, such as prevalence, incidence, costs, and utilities, are obtained through processes other than systematic review, the rationale for choosing a specific value should be provided. When multiple sources contribute information for a parameter, evidence should be synthesized across sources using appropriate methods and the consistency among sources should be examined (29, 30). The selection


This book (Volume 2) presents several hundred advanced cleaning product formulations for household, industrial and automotive applications. All formulations are completely different from those in other volumes, so there is no repetition between volumes.


In this paper, I investigate the impact of central clearing in credit risk transfer markets on a loan-originating bank's lending behavior. Under the current market regulation, central clearing undermines banks' lending discipline. The regulatory design of the credit risk transfer market in terms of capital requirements, disclosure standards, risk retention, and access to uncleared credit risk transfer can mitigate this problem. I also show that the lending discipline channel is an essential element of the impact of central clearing on banks' loan default loss exposure, which is a first-order consideration for systemic risk analysis.


INTRODUCTIONThe process of attention as well as starting off measures of different kinds for both curricular measures (programmes, adapted material, bibliography resources, technological resources, etc.) and extracurricular measures (welcoming programmes, orientation programmes, tutorial programmes, informative guides...) addressed to university students with disabilities, have to start from the diagnosis in their needs and the context in which the learning process takes place. On the one hand, the importance of this type of analysis is due to a lack of studies which deeply look into the problems and demands that the students with disabilities have and, on the other hand, it is needed to make significant improvements in the support and assessment of the students with disabilities who have access to university studies. The data obtained through these diagnosis analyses of the reality that this group of students has to face must be the basic reference and starting point so that professors and tutors can plan and design the different actions aimed to achieve a better adaptation and promotion throughout their university studies.Despite the fact that there has been a significant improvement in both the legal level and actions and policies for the equality and disability, which has turned into a notorious increase of students with disabilities who have access to university studies, the percentage of those who succeed in their studies is still very low. This fact only comes to show that there are a lot of difficulties that students with disabilities still have to overcome when deciding to start higher education. It also shows that only 1% of the university students are recorded as being disabled and a 3% of them possess a university degree.At the same time, it makes clear the need to offer a global answer from all educative levels so that the right every university student has is accomplished. The needs for specific assessment must to be taken into consideration as well as the implementation of orientation programmes, which have to be adapted to the needs of each moment and each formative and vital stage for these students.THE MOVEMENT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITYInclusive movement arises in a determined way to stand for the fact that all education centers have to satisfy the students' needs, without taking their personal, psychological and social characteristics into account. Inclusion is connected to access, participation and achievements of all students (Opertti, 2008).It implies transforming culture, organization, and center routines to face diversity in education needs for all students. It is an adapted teaching to the student and its actions are targeted to eradicate or minimize the physical, personal or institutional barriers which limit the learning opportunities, the access and the participation in the training activities.Setting up of an innovative training system for the social inclusion is possible, but to do that, it is essential that the different parts have a systemic attitude and vision when tackling the problems that need to be solved (Alzugaray et al., 2011). That is why the educative option based on an inclusive model implies a global development that demands changes which affect all of the educative system such as creating inclusive training, inclusive policies and inclusive culture (Villar and Alegre, 2008) as quality is not exclusive of a specific level, it has to get all the system. That is why it is thought that one of the quality indicators of a specific university is the way this entity responds to diversity and shows the teaching excellence of the professional staff connected to it (Alegre, 2009 a and b).Garcia and Cotrina (2011) propose the development of a universal design in learning as a pedagogical practice in the context of higher education, so that the socio-educative culture, the access structure, computer technology and communication, inclusion, curricular sustainability in processes of teaching innovation which sustain the social model at university can be improved. …


The bored pile has obtained wide use in highway building,In the construction of bridge bored pile,broken pile quality accident easily happened.The paper analyzed the cause of broken pile and measures etc.for reference.


This work aims to discuss the development of a scientific culture of indigenous peoples, as well as the importance of culture for the promotion of critical thinking by students and teachers in training. Therefore, we argue in favor of ethnoastronomy, knowledge developed by indigenous peoples of the Americas and presenting a wealth of information, culture and tacit knowledge. Our discussion will do so by understanding the pedagogical potential that ethnoastronomy provides, for it is an astronomy based on sensory elements, not geometric and abstract elements, and also to allude to elements of our nature (mainly fauna and flora) and history, promoting self-esteem and appreciation of ancient knowledge, stressing that different interpretations of the same region of the sky, made by diverse cultures, help in understanding cultural diversity. Thus, in addition to seeking the inclusion of Astronomy contents in elementary school, we must also pursue recovery and the teaching of ethnoastronomy; which can be realized and optimized if articulated approach to Science, Technology and Society (STS).


As an important way to improve the efficiency of the classroom teaching and achieve the performance objectives,the effective introduction is carried out by: enable students to understand teaching objectives;provide students with frames needed to build their own knowledge structure;give students knowledge organizers;provoke students' thinking by questioning;help students understand and get students involved by creating real situations.


Abstract : The volume presents information on mines, oil and gas fields, areas underlain by salt, areas with karst, and areas of thick, dry, unconsolidated sediments.


We present a novel method to investigate the effects of varying channel parameters on geometrically shaped constellations for communication systems employing the blind phase search algorithm. We show that introduced asymmetries significantly improve performance if adapted to changing channel parameters.


ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the effectiveness of nursing orientation provided to families of patients in the immediate post-operative following cardiac surgery before the first visit to the post-anesthesia care unit, in decreasing anxiety levels, compared to the unit's routine orientation. Method: open randomized clinical trial addressing family members in the waiting room before the first visit in the immediate post-operative period. The family members assigned to the intervention group received audiovisual orientation concerning the patients' conditions at the time and the control group received the unit's routine orientation. Outcome anxiety was assessed using the STAI-State. Results: 210 individuals were included, 105 in each group, aged 46.4 years old on average (±14.5); 69% were female and 41% were the patients' children. The mean score obtained on the anxiety assessment in the intervention group was 41.3±8.6, while the control group scored 50.6±9.4 (p<0.001). Conclusion: a nursing intervention focused on providing guidance to families before their first visit to patients in the immediate post-operative period of cardiac surgery helps to decrease the levels of anxiety of companions, making them feel better prepared for the moment. ReBEC (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry) and The Universal Trial Number (UTN), No. U1111-1145-6172.


Assessing recovery from stroke has been so far a time consuming procedure in which highly trained clinicians are required. This paper proposes a mechatronic platform which measures low forces and torques exerted by subjects, Class posterior probabilities are used as a quantitative and statistically sound tool to assess motor recovery from these force and torque measurements. The performance of the patients is expressed in terms of the posterior probability to belong to the class of normal subjects. The mechatronic platform together with the class posterior probabilities enables to automate motor recovery assessment without the need for highly trained clinicians. It is shown that the class posterior probability profiles are highly correlated, r ≈ 0.8, with the well-established Fugl-Meyer scale assessment in motor recovery. These results have been obtained through careful feature subset selection procedures in order to prune the large feature set being generated. The overall approach is general and can be applied to many other health monitoring systems where different categories (diseased vs. healthy) can be identified.


With the remarkable development of DNA nanotechnology, interest in DNA molecules has expanded beyond its biological role to building blocks in materials science. As a unique branch of DNA‐based materials, DNA hydrogels have exhibited many fascinating characteristics, including broad biocompatibility, precise programmability, convenient modification, and tunable mechanical properties, which make DNA hydrogels ideal biomaterials. Moreover, by combining with functional nucleic acids, such as aptamers, i‐motif nanostructures, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, and DNAzymes, DNA hydrogels can be further tailored to provide additional target recognition, therapeutic potential, and catalytic activities, allowing them to play important roles in biosensing and medical applications. This review, aims to provide readers with an up‐to‐date overview of the important developments of biomedical DNA hydrogels. First, it introduces different synthetic strategies of hydrogels that utilize DNA as building materials and functional units within the hydrogel networks and discuss their advantages in biomedical applications. Subsequently, new approaches and applications of biomedical DNA hydrogels in the recent years are highlighted, such as therapeutic systems, cell culture platforms, tissue engineering materials, and biosensors. Finally, future perspectives and remaining challenges of DNA hydrogels in biomedicine are presented.


The frontal area of the Kuroshio Extension was observed in June 1997 and May 1999. In 1997, anchovy larvae were most abundant in a frontal region of the eddy generated in association with a northward intrusion of warm water from the Kuroshio Extension. High nutrient concentrations apparently overlapped with the larval aggregation, while chlorophyll-a concentration was rather low all over the region. In 1999, observations were made along a two-day trajectory of a drifter released from the eddy centre, which was recognized by a satellite image. Chlorophyll-a concentration was high in the eddy centre but decreased with time. By contrast, abundance of copepod nauplii in the eddy increased with time, and eventually doubled. These results suggest that the frontal eddy contributes to both copepod production and horizontal entrainment or aggregation of anchovy larvae in the frontal region. The frontal eddy possibly benefits the growth and survival of fish larvae in the oligotrophic oceanic water of the Kuroshio Extension region.


Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is rare and confers a dismal prognosis. Though newer treatment modalities like L-asparaginase based chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) have yielded encouraging results, treatment failure with relapse of primary disease continues to be a major a concern (Yamaguchi et al., 2018). Herein, we report a rare phenomenon of isolated CNS relapse in a patient with ENKTCL within 3 months of allogenic HSCT subsequent to SMILE (dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, and etoposide) and nivolumab induced disease remission. Our patient, a 51-year-old male, was a known case of ENKTCL with simultaneous involvement of both nasal and right testes 1 year back. Initial diagnosis was made on histopathology and EBER in situ hybridization was positive on tissue sections. No signs or symptoms of CNS involvement was present at initial diagnosis and CSF was clear of any disease. He had undergone right sided orchiectomy and received six cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) with gemcitabine and prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate. He experienced a relapse 6 months into therapy with a left testicular hypoechoic mass lesion and required left sided orchiectomy. Subsequently, he was treated with low dose nivolumab and SMILE regimen for six cycles and achieved remission. This was followed by allo-HSCT after a 10/10 HLA match with his blood brother. The initial 2 months post-transplant time period was uneventful and chimerism was 100%. On day 62 of post allo-HSCT, he presented to our outpatient department with complaints of headache since last 4 days, blurring of vision in the right eye and difficulty in chewing solid food. Physical examination revealed diminished distant vision in the right eye, weakness in the left side of face, altered taste sensation and dysarthria in speech. MRI of brain and orbits showed borderline enhancement of bilateral optic nerves at optic disc level along with right facial and trigeminal nerve enhancement. Laboratory investigation showed normal complete blood counts with no atypical cells on peripheral smear. CSF cell count on was 15 cells/μL and biochemistry showed high protein (138 mg/dL) and low sugar (26 mg/dL) levels. Meningitis panel through multiplex PCR for viral, bacterial, and parasitic infection was negative; however, the panel did not include EBV target. Though CSF cytology was suspicious, a definite opinion could not be furnished due to scant number of cells and in the absence of obvious atypia. But, flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCMI) through stain-no lyse-no wash technique on CSF revealed an abnormal NK cell population with CD45 bright, surfaceCD3 , CD7 , CD56 bright+, CD16 , CD2dim+, CD4 , CD8 , CD5 (Figure 1a–e) confirming CNS relapse of the primary disease. PET scan did not show any other lesion elsewhere in the body and bone marrow examination was unremarkable. On quantitative PCR on peripheral blood, target EBV DNA was detected, though the values were below the lower limit of linear range of the assay that is, <316 copies/mL. Finally, a diagnosis of isolated CNS relapse of NK cell lymphoma was provided and he was started on high-dose methotrexate. On day 45 follow-up of CNS relapse, there was mild improvement of vision in right eye, however bilateral facial weakness and speech dysarthria were still present. Though CSF cytology was negative for malignant cells, FCMI showed persistent disease (Figure 1f–m). The last follow up was on day 154 of posttransplant and our patient was alive with alleviating CNS symptoms. CSF examination was acellular on cytology and FCMI showed 11 viable events consisting of normal mature T cells only. ENKTCL is prevalent in Asian and South American populations with highest incidences in Southeast Asian countries. Though predominantly a locally invasive tumor through angiodestruction, disseminated disease at presentation or during the disease is not uncommon. CNS involvement is rare and mostly seen during relapse of the disease, though involvement at initial presentation has been reported in few cases (Yamaguchi et al., 2018). Factors like extra nasal involvement at diagnosis, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, and advanced NK cell lymphoma prognostic index have attributed to increase the risk of CNS involvement or relapse. The widely used scoring system prognostic index of natural killer lymphoma-EBV (PINK-E) includes age, Ann Arbor stage, nonnasal primary localization, distal lymph node involvement and detectable plasma EBV DNA as individual parameters. In the current case, the patient had unilateral testicular involvement at primary diagnosis, was Ann Arbor stage IV as well as EBV positive and belonged to PINK-E high risk category. Despite the fact that our patient's CSF biochemistry and pleocytosis initially mirrored the symptoms of bacterial or tubercular meningitis, both of them were disregarded by multiplex PCR. Furthermore, hypoglycorrhachia and increased CSF protein levels have been shown to be related to a significant proportion of primary as well as secondary CNS lymphomas. Particularly, a persistently low sugar level in the CSF should suggest a diagnosis other than an infectious etiology. Traditionally, Epstein Barr virus subtype A has been linked to pathogenesis of these lymphoma Received: 6 December 2022 Revised: 16 April 2023 Accepted: 25 April 2023


Understanding an English-medium science textbook is possibly challenging for some students. It is, for example, due to the language used. To deal with this issue, construing the use of the other mode, such as visual images, along with the verbal text is regarded useful. Thereby, the construal of multimodality in an English-medium science textbook becomes crucial. Albeit a myriad of inspections on multimodality exists, but to the best of the writer's knowledge, such investigation with respect to an English-medium science textbook, particularly at a primary school level, was found to be limited. Therefore, this study aimed to scrutinize the verbal text and visual image presented in a science textbook used for a primary school level which is presented in English. To that end, a descriptive research design was employed. In this regard, a systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis (SF-MDA) within the trinocular metafunctions encompassing ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions was utilized. The systemic functional linguistics theory, the grammar of visual design, intersemiotic complementarity, and logico-semantics were the frameworks employed to analyze the artefact, the English-medium science textbook. The findings revealed that the visual image and verbal text interact with one another within the three metafunctions. Given the interaction between the two modes, the present study suggests that both teachers and students are required to take into considerations and be aware of the potential or roles of images along with the verbal text, i.e. the images are not merely accessories, but instead, these are able to assist the comprehension of the science materials learned.


A new combination is made and two new species described from the malvaceous flora of Chiapas, Mexico: Malvaviscus achanioides (Turcz.) Fryx., An- oda pristina Fryx., and Sida anomalocalyx Fryx. In reviewing recent collections and other material preparatory to treat- ing the family Malvaceae for the forthcoming Flora of Chiapas, the need for a new combination and the recognition of two new species became apparent.


Based on introducing the present situation of the research on Li Bai Culture,this paper expounds the significance and functions of the construction of Li Bai Culture database,and points out that the construction of Li Bai Culture database with complete functions and abundant data,which is the inherent requirement of the research on Li Bai Culture,and also is the must of promoting Li Bai Culture,will provide the greatest convenience for Li Bai Culture researchers and LI Bai Culture amateurs to research Li Bai Culture,and promote the development of the research on Li Bai Culture.


This study investigates conflict-motivated pragmatic acts employed in the open letters exchanged by two former Nigerian
 presidents (Olusegun Obasanjo and Goodluck Jonathan). The data are analysed using Mey's pragmatic act theory. The findings reveal that while
 Obasanjo employs pragmatic acts of warning, appealing, and praising in order to counsel Jonathan, Jonathan employs pragmatic acts of
 acknowledging, boasting, correcting, and reminding in order to defend himself. However, they both employ the pragmatic acts of insulting, complaining, accusing, and requesting. These acts are influenced by nationalist and anti-ethnic ideologies as well as the context of the
 open letters, i.e., conflict among political leaders in Nigeria.


In the study, it was aimed to determine the awareness of 81 pre-service science teachers studying in different classes about sustainable development. Phenomenology design was used to determine the views of science teaching department students about sustainable development. Since the concept of sustainability is related to the field of science and science teachers have a role in providing the students with the achievements related to sustainability in the science program, the study was conducted with the students of the faculty of education science teaching department. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect data. The data collected within the scope of the study were analyzed using content analysis. While analyzing the data, codes were created according to the answers given by each student. Similar codes were categorized taking into account the dimensions of sustainable development, the objectives of the United Nations development program, and the answers given by the students. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was concluded that the students of science teaching department had average knowledge about sustainable development, but they did not have sufficient knowledge about sustainable development. Considering the results, studies can be conducted on the sustainable development awareness of pre-service teachers in different branches. In addition, it is recommended to organize activities and conferences that will positively affect the sustainable development awareness of pre-service teachers.


Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), infrared absorption, and thermoluminescence (TL) are used to determine the Fe2+/3+ level in Fe-doped β-Ga2O3 crystals. With these noncontact spectroscopy methods, a value of 0.84 ± 0.05 eV below the conduction band is obtained for this level. Our results clearly establish that the E2 level observed in deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) experiments is due to the thermal release of electrons from Fe2+ ions. The crystals used in this investigation were grown by the Czochralski method and contained large concentrations of Fe acceptors and Ir donors, and trace amounts of Cr donors. Exposing a crystal at room temperature to 325, 375, or 405 nm laser light converts neutral Fe3+ acceptors to their singly ionized Fe2+ charge state and, at the same time, converts a similar number of neutral Ir3+ donors to the Ir4+ charge state. The Fe3+ EPR spectrum slowly recovers after the light is removed, as electrons are thermally released from Fe2+ ions to the conduction band. Most of these released electrons recombine nonradiatively with holes at the deep Ir4+ donors. Using a general-order kinetics model, the analysis of isothermal recovery curves for the Fe3+ EPR signal taken between 296 and 310 K gives the activation energy for the decay of the photoinduced Fe2+ ions. A TL peak, with emitted light having wavelengths longer than 500 nm, occurs near 349 K when a few of the electrons released from Fe2+ ions recombine radiatively with holes at Ir4+ and Cr4+ donors. Photoluminescence and EPR verify the presence of Cr3+ ions.


OVER the course of the last decade, economists have made increased use of the effective protection framework when analyzing the impact of various restrictions to international trade. A key feature of this measure is that it estimates the protection for value added in a production process rather than for product price.' Thus, while the nominal rate of protection relates solely to the final output, the effective rate accounts for the joint influence of trade restrictions on production inputs as well as on the final product. A primary requirement for estimating effective protection is accurate information on the nature and shares of production process inputs. National input-output tables have frequently served as a source for these data, but due to problems in compilation and processing these tables are generally not available until a considerable period after the date to which they apply. As such, effective protection studies which draw upon this information are frequently based on production coefficients over a decade old.2 If production processes have changed considerably in this interval, there exists the possibility that the effective protection rates may be seriously in error. This paper evaluates the direction and magnitude of bias in effective protection estimates due to the use of production data pertaining to a previous period. A separate analysis also investigates the relative importance of two sources of error (i.e., shifts in factor inputs and changes in the value added coefficient). Further, an attempt is made to assess the effect of variances in the "age" of the production information on the effective rates. While the analysis is confined to U.S. data, it is expected that the results apply equally to other industrial nations.


An international recruitment programme that aims to appoint 500 GPs from overseas has so far recruited only 38 doctors, NHS England has said.

In April 2016 NHS England published the General Practice Forward View , which included plans to "create an extra 5000 additional doctors working in general practice by 2021."1

As part of this ambition NHS England said that it would create a "major new international recruitment campaign" to attract as many as 500 extra GPs from …


Enhanced evapotranspiration (ET) over irrigated land and associated latent heat flux change can modify the climate. Model studies of such climate change effects of irrigation are commonly based on ...


An effective weed control program makes harvesting easier, reduces weed pressure and lessens soil compaction. Use periodic harrowings or herbicide treatments to suppress grass and other weeds along field borders and at the ends of peanut rows. When vegetation is present where the digger blades engage the soil, it has a tendency to wrap around the blades, covering the cutting edge. The presence of tough, dead plants at harvest time hampers digging even more than the presence of live plants.


Background: Activation of the protein phosphatase calcineurin is a fundamental signaling event promoting hypertrophic growth and pathological remodeling of the heart. The modulatory calcineurin-int...


We are interested in understanding and harnessing photo-initiated charge and energy transfer in nanoscale systems, with a focus on nanocrystal - organic molecule conjugates. This research has broad implications for technologies as diverse as artificial photosynthesis , bio-imaging , and quantum computation . Photoexcited charge transfer from quantum dots. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting nanocrystals that have quantum confined charges (like a particle-in-a-box) and size-tunable band gaps. Additionally, robust optical properties and surface tunability makes QDs promising light-absorbers and emitters in a variety of applications ranging from solar energy conversion to displays (e


In this paper we analyze variability over time in wind energy, focusing primarily on intra-hour variations. We model the time duration dependency and other conditional aspects of wind variability. We analyze variability both in the time and frequency domains and relate this analysis with empirical variability probability distributions using historical wind power from the Bonneville Power Authority. Distribution fitting of in-tra-hour variability was done, considering normal, Laplace and skew-Laplace distributions. We found that of the variability is skewed and peaky indicating that skew-Laplace distributions are superior to other probability density functions to describe wind variability in time intervals of less than an hour. The time domain interpretation of the power spectral density estimates of the wind power variability indicate that for time duration of 30 minutes to 1 hour wind fluctuation can be quite considerable. We discuss the results of our analysis in relation to its potential short-term power system operations implications with high wind power penetration.


Many of you will know the story of Job in the Old Testament in which it says, 'one day the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan came also among them.' We should remember that this was written long before there was a New Testament telling about the birth of Jesus. At the time God evidently already had a number of sons, of which Satan was one. Not only was Satan a son of God, but evidently the most favoured of them all, since the rest of the chapter chortles about how he and God had themselves a jolly good sport tormenting the hell out of poor old Job over a period of years. Who the other sons were it doesn't say, and we can assume that they got less than their share of godly attention. Let us now turn our attention to the New Testament.


Paper The advent of Android as a mobile OS has revolutionized the way we perceive life today. It has permeated now from handhelds to becoming an inclusive and persistently increasing member of our day to day lives. We are increasingly becoming dependent on technology in our everyday lives, insomuch that it is impossible to envision the world without it. Android is at the forefront of this revolution. It has practically rendered the Personal computer useless and has shown the world a new way of transacting on the go using our smartphones and tablets. However, with all the facilities, there comes the shadow of insecurity and data privacy compromise. This is an area which requires deeper introspection and research because it is required to ensure seamless and hassle-free operations in our day to day activities. The current research tries to delve deep into the innards of Android to come up with some plausible solutions to assuage somewhat the wounds that thee intentional leaks of the operating system can give. In this paper, in the successive sections, we propose a framework which would help us in removing the identified vulnerabilities that afflict Android, namely third-party apps and vendor customized ones. We would also propose a set of guidelines for improving the Permissions model. We call our framework, "The ASBP Framework." (App Sanitization and Better Permissions).


Introduction Recent improvements in treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have decreased the mortality rates; however, the outcomes of SAH management are dependent on many other factors. In this study, we used nationwide, large-scale, observational data to investigate short- and long-term mortality rates after SAH treatment and the influence of patient severity and hospital volume. Patients and methods We selected patients with SAH treated with clipping and coiling from the South Korean Acute Stroke Assessment Registry. High- and low-volume hospitals performed ≥20 clipping and coiling procedures and <20 clipping and coiling procedures per year, respectively. Short- and long-term mortality were tracked using data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Results Among 2,634 patients treated using clipping and coiling, 1,544 (58.6%) and 1,090 (41.4%) were hospitalized in high- and low-volume hospitals, respectively, and 910 (34.5%) and 1,724 (65.5%) were treated with clipping and coiling, respectively. Mortality rates were 13.5, 14.4, 15.2, and 16.1% at 3 months, 1, 2, and 4 years, respectively. High-volume hospitals had a significantly lower 3-month mortality rate. Patients with mild clinical status had a significantly lower 3-month mortality rate in high-volume hospitals than in low-volume hospitals. Patients with severe clinical status had significantly lower 1- and 2-year mortality rates in high-volume hospitals than in low-volume hospitals. Conclusion Short- and long-term mortality in patients with SAH differed according to hospital volume. In the modern endovascular era, clipping and coiling can lead to better outcomes in facilities with high stroke-care capabilities.


A 95-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presented from a long-term care facility for altered mental status in the context of dehydration and hypoglycemia. Multiple attempts to obtain a peripheral IV failed, and a triple lumen catheter was placed into the right internal jugular vein using the Seldinger technique under ultrasound guidance. No complications followed the procedure. The patient was then rehydrated and given multiple ampules of D50, leading to prompt resolution of the hypoglycemia and improvement in her mental status. After resolution of symptoms, the central line was removed, with the head of the bed at 30°. Within minutes of removal of the central line, the patient developed severe respiratory distress and hypoxia with desaturation to 80% on a non-rebreather mask with 100% oxygen. On examination, the patient was unconscious and gasping for air with severe suprasternal retractions; she was tachypneic and tachycardic, and her blood pressure was 210/100 mm Hg. All limbs were flaccid. She was placed in the left lateral decubitus position as resuscitation efforts were activated. She was then intubated and transferred to the intensive care unit. A stat CT angiogram of the head and neck did not show signs of stroke, bleeding, or vascular occlusion. Chest CT with contrast showed dilation of the distal esophagus with fluid and debris within the distal trachea and left mainstem bronchus, without evidence of pulmonary embolism, and consistent with aspiration. An echocardiogram revealed an ejection fraction of 79%, normal left ventricular function, and mildly dilated left atrium, but no thrombi, vegetations, or evidence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with agitated saline contrast. Troponin I peaked about 8 hours after the event (0.468, normal range 0–0.034), simultaneous creatine kinase MB was elevated (4.92, normal range 0–2.30), and multiple EKGs were consistent with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Prolonged cardiac telemetry failed to show atrial fibrillation.


This paper presents new algorithm based on discrete cosine transform and LBG algorithm using vector quantization for image compression of color images. Vector quantization is mainly divided into three parts i.e Encoding process, Codebook design, Decoding process. In vector quantization generation of codebook is important so that the distortion between the original image and the reconstructed image is minimum. In this RGB component of color image are converted to YCbCr before DCT transform is applied. Y is luminance component; Cb and Cr are chrominance components of the image. This paper compares three different algorithms for vector quantization of color images. It is observed that the performance of new algorithm LBG using DCT is better than LBG. Performance is measured using PSNR and MSE.


Recent advancement in the semiconductor technology allow the hardware engineers to integrate complex modules like processors, peripheral devices, and memory in a single System-on-a-Chip (SoC); where testability, power minimization and management, area minimization are the important system level considerations. Performances both in terms of processing speed and power consumption are becoming more and more challenging in SOC designing. Novel system on chip architectures should be able to execute multiple performances demanding applications while maintaining low power consumption, small area, nonrecurring engineering costs and short time to-market. Hence a lot of research is going on to implement CGRA in SOC because Coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture can provide both performance and flexibility. This paper gives a guided tour over a decade of development in CGRA and their significance in SOC design


In this paper, the author puts forward a neo-classical realist analysis of the contemporary world order as a one-dimensional world. The main argument consists in claiming that some twenty years after the end of the Cold War, the material structure of the international system, considered to be the independent variable, is characterized by unipolarity, while the normative nature of the international society, considered to be the intermediate variable, is uniform. This double hierarchy, in favor of the US and its allies, concerning both its economic and military power resources and the values underpinning norms of appropriate behavior, explains the most characteristic features of the post-Cold War world order considered to be the dependent variable: on the one hand the prevalence of neoliberal norms reflects the material superiority of Western powers, on the other hand the supremacy of the US is legitimized and reproduced by the neo-liberal norms regulating the institutionalized international political game. Stable in the short term, this order is likely to evolve in the long run, due to the rise of China as America's future contender and of East Asia as the core of the world order to come. Dario Battistella is professor of political science at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Bordeaux in France. He is the author of the handbook Theories des relations internationales, 4th ed., Paris, Sciences Po les Presses, 2012, and co-author of Dictionnaire des relations internationales, 3rd ed., Paris, Dalloz, 2012, Other recent books include "The Return of the State of War: A Theoretical Analysis of Operation Iraqi Freedom", Colchester, ECPR Press, 2008, and "Paix et guerres au 21e siecle", Auxerre, Ed. Sciences Humaines, 2011.


Effects of the strain aging due to the strain around the crack tip on fracture toughness have been investigated for several structural steels. The effects of specimen size on the transition in fracture toughness of low and medium strength steels are also investigated. Order from NSFI as No. 17859.


In modern era, mostly people use more than one language to communicate. Therefore, the phenomenon of bilingual or multilngual community is feature of code mixing and code switching. This study concerns of the code mixing used by journalist in women magazine of Nova. The data took from the Magazined which was published on March 12-18 th , 2012 . This study found types of code mixing and reasons of code mixing. The types of code mixing consist of lexical mixing, phrase mixing of code, and Indonesian speeling of English sounds. The last is reason why people mixed codes. The reasons are lexical need; it is when the Indonesian word not available such as film and the prestige, such as Talkshow although it is available in Indonesian language.


In net economy, it is virtual business that bulges business core competence, enhances effectively the coordination of an organization, surmounts obstacles originated from the inner natures of innovation such as uncertainty, path-relying, irreversibility and system-integration, provides a new platform for successful business innovation.


Storing a remote copy of previously requested data locally for quicker access in future is followed in the majority of systems these days. Buffer that stores remote data is called cache. But the cache is very expensive compared to secondary memory and therefore, affordability restricts the cache size. Since memory is limited, problem is to decide what to retain in the cache and what factors should affect that data so that we can get maximum usage. This project concentrates on devising a mechanism to solve this problem in a wireless system where robots are continuously moving in the random direction and collecting dynamically changing data from the environment using temperature sensors within their allocated distance range on a square of area n. This application targets to keep most popular data based on the user request; observed locally or shared from other robots; close to the user to reduce data access time, compared to that of getting data through the network making data retrieval faster which ultimately increases the cache hit rate. Keywords—co-operative caching, distributed hashing


We extend to delay equations recent results obtained by G. Feltrin and F. Zanolin for second-order ordinary equations with a superlinear term. We prove the existence of positive periodic solutions for nonlinear delay equations −u″(t) = a(t)g(u(t), u(t − τ)). We assume superlinear growth for g and sign alternance for a. The approach is topological and based on Mawhin's coincidence degree. This article is part of the theme issue 'Topological degree and fixed point theories in differential and difference equations'.


Podocyte injury induced by hyperglycemia is the key factor contributing to proteinuria and kidney dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondria dysfunction leads to DN‐associated podocyte injury. However, the mechanism of podocyte mitochondria injury by high glucose (HG) is poorly understood. Store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) is essential for multiple cell functions in both excitable and non‐excitable cells. However, the role of this Ca2+ signaling in podocytopathy remains unknown. The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that enhanced SOCE mediated HG‐induced podocyte injury and mitochondria damage.


Abstract The key aim of this article is to give a contribution to a design-oriented definition of organization design, with the human-centred approach to design (HCD) serving as the epistemological tool. Highlighting organizational identity as a facilitator or inhibitor of organization design change, the paper shares HCD's focus on meaning with Verganti's theory of design-driven innovation. An explanatory model is put forward detailing the steps in the process of linking the top-down changes from strategy or product innovation initiatives, as well as bottom-up changes emerging from organizational practices and relationships, with organizational design change. Organizational identity is defined as a superordinate conveyer and transformer of meaning and purpose, assuming different roles in the creation and dissemination of meaning, internally, as well as to and from the organization and the external environment. The paper ends with a number of recommendations about the need to focus on the management of identity.


Histological examination of the diaphragm showed gender differences in fiber composition but gender differences on phrenic nerve morphometry were not thoroughly addressed. Ventilatory differences were described between male and female rats, as well as among different rat strains. However, the morphology of the phrenic nerve was not investigated in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats. After arterial pressure and heart rate recordings, phrenic nerves of 20 week‐old male and female SHR and WKY were prepared for epoxy resin embedding and light microscopy. Morphometry was performed with the aid of computer software. Our results showed for male and female SHR remarkable longitudinal asymmetry on both sides and an asymmetry between sides on distal segments, which were not present on WKY nerves. Phrenic nerves were generally larger in males compared to females on both strains but larger on WKY compared to SHR for both genders. Myelinated fiber number and density were significantly larger on females of both groups and remarkably larger on WKY compared to SHR in both genders. Strain and gender differences on phrenic nerve myelinated fiber number is described for the first time in this experimental model of hypertension, pointing to the need for thorough functional studies of this nerve on male and female SHR.


Scheduling diverse applications in large, shared clusters is particularly challenging. Recent research on cluster scheduling focuses either on scheduling speed, using sampling to quickly assign resources to tasks, or on scheduling quality, using centralized algorithms that search for the resources that improve both task performance and cluster utilization. We present Tarcil, a distributed scheduler that targets both scheduling speed and quality. Tarcil uses an analytically derived sampling framework that adjusts the sample size based on load, and provides statistical guarantees on the quality of allocated resources. It also implements admission control when sampling is unlikely to find suitable resources. This makes it appropriate for large, shared clusters hosting short- and long-running jobs. We evaluate Tarcil on clusters with hundreds of servers on EC2. For highly-loaded clusters running short jobs, Tarcil improves task execution time by 41% over a distributed, sampling-based scheduler. For more general scenarios, Tarcil achieves near-optimal performance for 4× and 2× more jobs than sampling-based and centralized schedulers respectively.


Object recognition and reconstruction plays an important role in the area of 3D robot vision, which has wide applications in autonomous mobile system. For communication between heterogeneous applications, generalized and universal object description file format is needed to be developed to replace proprietary file format. In this paper, first, a new object description model was designed by using XML Schema definition language. Second, based on the description design, a dynamic link library (dll) was implemented for converting data format among different systems. At the end, experimental results are demonstrated.


,' i SUMMARY The transition bet ween recessional agriculture on flooded ground and irrigated agriculture in the Senegal Vulley causes specific problems because of the territorial and social 0rgani;ation. In order to make up for the irregularities o f the flood, farmers disperse their farms between several flooded basins. This anti-risk strategy leads to a big inadequalion between the used territory and the politically controlled territory which is at the base of the fractioning of the farming popdalion into three functional stratums : the territorial heads, the land owners and the farmers of one plot. The symbiotic exchanges and the yearly rotation of the fanners, shepherds andfishermen around the flooded ground territory are carried out by the territory head or jom leydi who manages the transfers and the agro-pastoral and fihing programmes. Small hydraulics have note upset this territorial and political organization and the areas are placed within the traditionnal limits of the territories.


Some New Probability Distributions Based on Random Extrema and Permutation Patterns by Jie Hao In this paper, we study a new family of random variables, that arise as the distribution of extrema of a random number N of independent and identically distributed random variables X1, X2, . . . , XN , where each Xi has a common continuous distribution with support on [0, 1]. The general scheme is first outlined, and SUG and CSUG models are introduced in detail where Xi is distributed as U [0, 1]. Some features of the proposed distributions can be studied via its mean, variance, moments and moment-generating function. Moreover, we make some other choices for the continuous random variables such as Arcsine, Topp-Leone, and N is chosen to be Geometric or Zipf. Wherever appropriate, we estimate of the parameter θ in the one-parameter family in question and test the hypotheses about θ. In the last section, two permutation distributions are introduced and studied.


Byerly recently developed a new solution to the gap problem for cosmological arguments. His idea is that the best explanation for why the necessary being is found to have necessary existence is that it is a perfect being. I raise an objection to Byerly's solution on the ground that there is some rival naturalistic explanation that is as good as Byerly s theistic explanation.


By analyzing the data for traffic on the viaduct network in 2005 within the Inner Ring Rd, an initial appraisal is made of the operation conditions such as the service level, main route flow, average speed and flow and the crowded spatial distribution. It shows that the service on workdays is already at the critical state to full congestion, especially on the S-N Viaduct with 8:00~10:00 am and 2:00~6:00 pm at its worst. Friday is usually with the worst service.


This study generalizes the notion of distance via defining an axiomatic collective distance, between arbitrary vector sets. A first part discusses conceptual tools, which can be later useful for general mathematical practice or as computational quantum similarity indices. After preliminary definitions, two elements, which can be associated with arbitrary sets of a vector space, are described: the centroid and the variance vectors. The Minkowski norm of the variance vector is shown to comply with the axioms of a collective distance. The role of the Gram matrix, associated with a vector set, is linked to the definition of numerical variance. Several simple application examples involving linear algebra and N‐dimensional geometry are given. In a second part, all previous definitions are applied to quantum multimolecular polyhedra (QMP), where a set of molecular quantum mechanical density functions act as vertices. The numerical Minkowski norm of the variance vector in any QMP could be considered as a superposition of molecular contributions, corresponding to a new set of quantum similarity indices, which can generate intrinsic ordering among QMP vertices. In this way, the role of quantum similarity matrix elements is evidenced. Application to collections of molecular structures is analyzed as an illustrative practical exercise. The connection of the QMP framework with classical and quantum quantitative structure–properties relation (QSPR) becomes evident with the aid of numerical examples computed over several molecular sets acting as QMP. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:380–404. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1223


S1R,-There are many points made by Professor A. Kennedy (" The Medical Use of Hypnotism," Journal, June 8, p. 1317) with which I and many others disagree. I think I can do no better than recommend to the notice of Professor Kennedy and those who are interested in the issues he raises Sigmund Freud's twenty-eighth lecture in Introductory Lectures on Psycho-analysis.' Freud's statement, I think, is relevant to Professor Kennedy's remarks on analysis versus hypnosis in training psychotherapists-e.g., he mentions "the dangers of unquestioning indoctrination." Also, Professor Kennedy imputes " a great deal of suspicion " of hypnosis to " orthodox psycho-analysts." In the same issue of the B.M.J. there is a reference in an article on hypnosis to Wolberg, who is an avowed advocate of hypnosis and an ." orthodox psycho-analyst." There are many others, including Kubie,' whose "Process of Hypnosis and the Nature of the Hypnotic State" is an attempt at an explanatory hypothesis combining neurophysiological and analytical concepts. There are many examples'-' of analyst and non-analyst writing on hypnosis separately and co-operatively in a psycho-analytical or other journal. Professor Kennedy fairly states that his is an account of his own experience, but I have no doubt that statements backed by his authority, such as " only a minority of patients, however, can be given full surgical anaesthesia at first attempt," will be taken as a dictum of general application. The statement certainly does not apply to fracture cases, and I would hope that Professor Kennedy's statement does not discourage competent anaesthetists with first-class facilities from attempting hypnosis where " full " surgical anaesthesia is required. After all, Esdaile did just that, with patients admittedly "prepared" by the mesmeric passes of his assistants. There are many other instances from the nineteenth century, and I do not believe that patients are so different that a modem hospital and theatre cannot compete in patients' minds with the magnetizers' passes. I believe that hypnosis will be of greatest use in general medicine," surgery,' ' and midwifery' (note it is routine and commonplace in Soviet midwifery), and of least, though some, use in psychiatry proper. Pierre Janet followed up 3,500 cases treated by him and could ascribe only 7% of cures to suggestion." Whereas Bernheim said that a doctor who could not hypnotize 95% *of his patients at the first attempt was a doctor who did not know his business.'2 (He was almost certainly referring to hospital practice. In a conversation with Freud he admitted his lack of success in private practice.") These statements are not contradictory, but support the contention that in fields other than psychiatry hypnosis will be important 'without being a method on its own of obtaining cures.I am, etc.,


With the growing importance of software on which human lives increasingly depend, the correctness requirement of the underlying software becomes especially critical. However, the increasing complexities and sizes of modern software systems pose special challenges on the effectiveness as well as efficiency of software verification. Two major obstacles include the quality of test generation in terms of error detection in software testing and the state space explosion problem in software formal verification (model checking). In this dissertation, we investigate several hybrid techniques that explore dynamic (with program execution), static (without program execution) as well as the synergies of multiple approaches in software verification from the perspectives of testing and model checking. For software testing, a new simulation-based internal variable range coverage metric is proposed with the goal of enhancing the error detection capability of the generated test data when applied as the target metric. For software model checking, we utilize various dynamic analysis methods, such as data mining, swarm intelligence (ant colony optimization), to extract useful high-level information from program execution data. Despite being incomplete, dynamic program execution can still help to uncover important program structure features and variable correlations. The extracted knowledge, such as invariants in different forms, promising control flows, etc., is then used to facilitate code-level program abstraction (under-approximation/over-approximation), and/or state space partition, which in turn improve the performance of property verification.


The technology of mixing rubber compounds is more than 100 years old. Since the introduction of internal mixers, ongoing developments have been focused on improving the internal mixer. The heart of the mixer, the rotor, has been the focus of improvement. One important aspect of rotor design is the rotor geometry in terms of mixing efficiency and achievable compound quality. The cooling ability of the rotors is another vital aspect of rotor design. Today, all inner parts of the internal mixer, which are in direct contact with the compound, are temperature controlled, with the mixing chambers and the door top having drilled passages in close proximity to the inner surface. The rotors, which are of substantial significance in terms of cooling efficiency, ideally should be a two-piece design. The rotor body should have cooling channels near the surface. A cored type, cooled ram and rotor end-plates with drilled passages should be used in a process sensitive machine. It is also desirable to have the thickness of the walls between the inner surface of the mixer and the cooling water passages in the chamber sides as thin as possible without compromising structural integrity to obtain the best cooling efficiency.


Article is devoted the analysis of a current state of information culture of patients of a different profile. Authors allocate 5 components of information culture of patients, give them characteristic, offer a set of measures on its increase.


The goal of this project was to gain insight into the time series structure of fatal car accidents in Illinois. This study is of interest as knowing the structure of fatal accidents can help prevent them or allow responders to react to them earlier. Two large datasets were available for use: FARS (Fatality Analysis Reporting) and HSIS (Highway Safety Information System). The final model describes the number of fatal accidents by incorporating spatial information through the county and temporal information through the time when the accident occurred.


The sexual abuse of children by other children and young people has gained an increasing profile during the previous decade. It has been increasingly recognised that there has been a significant change in the way that this issue has been responded to, both in philosophy and practice, as research has developed and also as the value base of initial constructions of this behaviour has been questioned. This article describes the development of a project to work with children and young people who have sexually abused from its inception in 1995 to the present, outlining the original assumptions and working practices and the reasoning behind changes. The growth of the project illustrates the changing nature of constructions of this behaviour, along with the introduction of new theoretical approaches to respond to this change. In particular, the changes can be seen to reflect a move away from a 'modernist' position and this is discussed.


The methodology of system analysis allows us to draw a mathematical model of the complex technological process. The mathematical description of the plasma-chemical process was proposed. The importance the quenching rate and initial temperature decrease time was confirmed for producing the maximum amount of the target product. The results of numerical integration of the system of differential equations can be used to describe reagent concentrations, plasma jet rate and temperature in order to achieve optimal mode of hardening. Such models are applicable both for solving control problems and predicting future states of sophisticated technological systems.


The article addresses the question of relations between world literature and national literatures. It represents Franco Moretti's concept of world literature and confronts it with Erich Auerbach's rejection of the two versions of universalization of world literature. The article proceeds with a short confrontation of realist and modernist poetics through references to György Lukács' and Theodor Adorno's opinions on Realism and to some contemporary ICLA's opinions on Modernism that were articulated in ICLA's collection A Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages (2007). This confrontation of realist and modernist poetics serves as a short description of Slovene modernist literature and its cultural specialities in the context of modernist world literature. In this respect, Slovene national literature, especially its modernist period, confirms Moretti's concept of world literature as »one, and unequal«. However, the article tends towards the interpretation of Moretti's concept in a more special way that, accepting Moretti's stress on literary forms as »the abstracts of social relationships«, turns attention to national literature in the context of a (national) cultural space.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of the conversion of native forests into cultivated pasture, and exposure of native pasture to continuous grazing, on the C and N stocks in the soil, in the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands. Three remnants of native forest, three areas with Urochloa decumbens pastures at different ages of formation, and one native pasture submitted to continuous grazing and without grazing for 3 and 19 years were evaluated. Soil samples were collected at 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm depths, with three replications. The conversion of native forests into pastures promoted reduction of organic carbon and microbial carbon stocks in the soil, mainly in cultivated pastures with longer implantation time. However, no alteration in the total N stocks was observed. Carbon stock losses occurred in the three humic fractions but, proportionally, the main losses occurred in the humic and fulvic acid fractions. Cultivated and native pastures under continuous grazing are not capable of accumulating more C in the soil than the natural ecosystems.


An episode of ABC Radio National's Book and Arts program, this August 2016 epiode of the African Book Club examines NoViolet Bulawayo's novel, We Need New Names. Tariro Mavondo, Bryan Mukandi and Ginny Stein join presenter Amanda Smith in a discsussion that extends beyond literature to include the continental and disaporic African themes raised by Bulwayo.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power saving system for a wireless sensor network capable of reducing a communication data amount and the number of transmitting times and performing the power saving of a battery by shortening an RF communication time being a factor of power consumption and accordingly shortening a CPU processing time during communication. SOLUTION: The power saving system for a wireless sensor network includes a network configuration by multi-stage connection used in a wide range space, configured by providing one gateway node (GN) as a top and connecting a router node (RN) having a relay function or a sensor node (SN) having no relay function at its subordinate position, wherein each node is given a unique address which is determined by the number of maximum slave nodes (C max ), the number of maximum routers (R max ) and the number of maximum hops (D max ) for communication by radio. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


This paper aimed to design an autonomous indirect solar dryer, which can dehydrate the aguaymanto in a costeffective manner, yielding a quality product suitable for export from the central part highland of Peru. To complete this task, it was proposed to design a prototype of autonomous solar dryer of 100 kg per batch of aguaymanto, equipped with flat reflectors and forced air feed, and powered with photovoltaic energy. This system allows to dry aguaymanto fruit at the requirements needed for its exportation. The fryer has the following dimensions: inner dimensions of the drying chamber: bottom 0.60 m, width 1.40 m, and height 1.10 m, with additional 0.05 m for insulation. Hence, the outer measures are bottom 0.70 m, width 1.50 m, and height 1.20 m. Two solar collectors are proposed with the dimensions of each: 1.50 m wide, 2.40 m long, and 0.15 m height; 2 flat mirror reflectors are required. A 80 Wp photovoltaic panel was selected for the forced air system and process control. This solar dryer is expected to cope with the problem of post-harvest deterioration. Also, it will facilitate the export by improving product quality and providing a cost-effective technology.


Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1-x)(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-xBi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3 (abbreviated as NKN-BNKT100x, with x ranges from 0 to 0.08 mol) have been synthesized by a conventional solid state sintering method. The effects of amount of BNKT-content on electrical properties and crystalline structures have been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that a morphotropic phase boundaries (MPB) between orthorhombic and tetragonal phases exists in the composition range of 0.05 < x < 0.06, near which the dielectric and piezoelectric properties are enhanced. The NKN-BNKT5 ceramics exhibits good properties (d33 = 216pC/N, kp = 41%, e33T/e0 = 1315). These results indicate that NKN-BNKT100x ceramic is a promising lead-free piezoelectric candidate material.


How do we encounter cinemas, and cultures, not our own? One of the latest "discoveries" on the international film festival circuit, postrevolutionary cinema from Iran, occasions this question.' (The accompanying filmography identifies the specific films addressed here.) Usually, the context in which such films reach us is neglected as we pass on to a discussion of style, themes, auteurs, and national culture. In order to render the viewing context and its crucial mediating role less transparent, this essay provides an account of the film festival experience. It focuses on how this experience inflects and constructs the meanings we ascribe to one of the newest in a continuous succession of "new cinemas" while we at the same time constitute the very audience needed to recognize and appreciate such cinemas as distinct and valued entities.2 The usual opening gambit in the discovery of new cinemas is the claim that these works deserve international attention because of their discovery by a festival. This gambit has its echo in the writings of popular critics. Films from nations not previously regarded as prominent film-producing countries receive praise for their ability to transcend local issues and provincial tastes while simultaneously providing a window onto a different culture. We are invited to receive such films as evidence of artistic maturity-the work of directors ready to take their place within an international fraternity of auteurs-and of a distinctive national culturework that remains distinct from Hollywood-based norms both in style and theme. Examples from festival catalogues of newly discovered cinemas and auteurs:


The food is given to the undernourished according to WHO standards is made from oil, sugar, milk, water, and flour. Fulfillment of Supplemental Foods can be made by yourself with a composition that contains energy and protein intake from ingredients that are easily obtained by the community at an affordable cost. Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), one of the local functional food ingredients, is proven to have many health benefits. The type of research used was a quasi-experimental design non-equivalent control group. This study analyzed the effect of giving cucurbita moschata pudding on increasing the weight of undernourished toddlers. experiment, the results of observations are then controlled or compared with the results of observations in the control group that did not receive the program or intervention. Data were processed using the SPSS Version 21 program. The results using the Paired Sample T-Test showed a significant number between the intervention group and the control group with a significant value (2-tailed) p=0.000 <0.05. There is an effect of giving cucurbita moschata pudding on increasing the weight of malnourished babies. The results of the research can add to the knowledge and insight of parents to give Curbita Moschata Pudding as baby nutrition and to provide proper diet and parenting patterns for babies so that babies feel comfortable when eating.


The present article deals with the vibration and damping characteristics of functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced hybrid composite skewed shell structure in different hygrothermal conditions. Carbon nanotube reinforced polymer as a matrix phase and carbon fibre as a reinforcing phase are used, and carbon fibre is graded with uniform distribution along the thickness direction for the shell panel according to the power law distribution. The Mori–Tanaka scheme and strength of materials are used to determine the mechanical properties of such functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced hybrid composite materials. Finite element modelling has been done by considering an eight-noded shell element with the transverse shear effect according to Mindlin's hypothesis, and an oblique coordinate system is used for the functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced hybrid composite skewed shell structures. Damping is incorporated into such carbon nanotube–based hybrid skewed shell structure based on the Rayleigh damping model. A MATLAB-based in-house computer code has been developed for the proposed formulation and verified with published research work before using for the present dynamic analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced hybrid composite skewed shell structure under hygrothermal conditions. The effect of the carbon nanotube, carbon fibre, material distribution as per power law index and hygrothermal conditions on the damping behaviour of such functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced hybrid composite skewed shell structures have been studied. Furthermore, parametric studies are carried out for the first resonant frequency, absolute amplitude, settling time and carbon nanotube impact on the vibrational behaviour of different functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced hybrid composite skewed shell structures under different hygrothermal conditions.


In this approach a relational database is designed such that the data more often occurring in the same query belongs to one relation. In this way the need for creating access paths is reduced. Bitmatrices allow connecting different search techniques. Bitmatrices can be interpreted as monotonic systems, rows of bitmatrices as bitmaps of objects and as hashing keys.


An error in calculating the first and second moments of the "exponential-Rayleigh" distribution appears in a recent paper; this correspondence presents the correct calculations.


The present invention relates to mechanical technology, and is one measuring test bed for measuring the friction power of turbocharger. The measuring test bed includes nozzle to drive the turbocharger, solenoid valve to open and shut off compressed gas, compressed gas pipeline, gas tank, magnetoelectric rotation speed sensor for detecting rotation speed signal, signal line, A/D converter, computer for data processing, oil pipe for supplying lubricant oil, oil returning pipe, oil tank and oil temperature and pressure maintaining system. The measuring test bed measures the friction power of turbocharger on the principle that when the turbocharger rotor is not acted by other external moment, the friction moment is the unique cause to lead in the rotation speed change, and the friction moment and the friction work may be calculated according to the change rate of the rotation speed of the turbocharger rotor with time.


I. RISKS ARISE FROM CHRONIC EXPOSURE..............................1609 II. IS TOBACCO SMOKE ANY MORE TOXIC THAN SMOKE FROM OTHER SOURCES OF BURNT BIOMASS? ................................1612 III. WHAT PROBLEMS WOULD ARISE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY IF AN ABSOLUTE ZERO TOLERANCE POLICY WAS ADOPTED FOR SECONDHAND SMOKE? .................................1614 IV. PSYCHOGENIC EXPLANATIONS OF CLAIMED HARMS FROM LOW-LEVEL SHS EXPOSURES...............................................1617


Military dependent benefits should be extended to the same-sex partners of gay soldiers in order to promote key elements of military effectiveness such as unit cohesion, military readiness, recruitment, and retention. Congress has deemed these elements so critical that they were once at the heart of the debate over "Don't Ask, Don't Tell"; during both enactment and repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell," Congress members based their decisions on whether they believed the open presence of gay soldiers would affect key elements of military effectiveness. In addition, the need to ensure that the key elements of military effectiveness were achieved led to the creation of many of the dependent benefits available presently. Research has shown that these benefits increase the military's efficacy; the availability of military support for the spouse and family has a direct impact on unit cohesion, military readiness, recruitment, and retention. Thus, by denying this very support to the same-sex partners of gay soldiers, Congress is hindering the military's ability to succeed in its mission. The military withholds these benefits because the Defense of Marriage Act defines a spouse as a man and women, and the definition of dependent, which is the eligibility requirement for many of the benefits, includes spouse. Therefore, in order to grant same-sex partners of soldiers these benefits, Congress must either change the Defense of Marriage Act or craft a legislative work around; this Comment presents a proposal for the latter. By implementing this suggestion, Congress will lessen the inequality that now exists between heterosexual and homosexual soldiers and their families, which in turn will promote military objectives.


In foreign-related civil relations,according to the principle of numerus clauses real rights should be subject to lex rei sitae,not the law which is appointed by the parties in advance.However,article 37 of the Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relations of the People's Republic of China allows the parties to appoint the law to govern their legal relationship of movable property.This provision of party autonomy without any limitation,which not only is deviated from the trend reflected in foreign legislation and judicial practice,but also is harmful to the safeguard of parties' exchange security and the state security in our foreign-related civil relations,breaks the principle of numerus clauses provided in Real Right Law of the People's Republic of China.


The power of advertising is presumed and people behind most public service advertising campaigns see advertising itself as the solution. An advertising campaign that aims to serve a social goal faces many pragmatic obstacles. Advertising professionals contribute to this problem. Just because advertising sometimes can help generate consumer interest in specific brand names does not also mean that every advertised effort will get people to make significant changes in their behavior. The Advertising Council, "dedicated to using the great resources of the advertising industry" to serve the public interest is the largest producer of public service mass communications, campaigns in the USA. Free public service work from anyone is admirable and the Advertising Council's dedication to public service is a wonderful credit to business groups supporting it. In other countries that lack the traditions of the US Advertising Council, the advertising‐based campaigns draw on government tax funds or limited resources of a public group.


Biodiesel,due to its advantages of better burning performance,lower pollution,renewable feature etc.,is the ideal alternative energy source of traditional fossil fuels and has been widely used in the world.The application of gene engineering in biodiesel production is mainly on improving the lipid content of biodiesel raw materials,such as oil plants and oil microalgae.In this paper,according to the research progress at home and abroad,the application of gene engineering in eight channels to improve the lipid content of biodiesel raw materials were reviewed.At last,it isconcluded that using microalgae as a feedstock is inevitable trend of biodiesel industry's development in China.With the transcription factor pathway regulating lipid accumulation is an important research direction in the future development of biodiesel industry.


Recently I had an opportunity to look through the Coleoptera collection of the late Mr. Gunnar Blomqvist, located today in an environmental institute (Etela Karjalan AllergiajaY mparisti:iinstituutti) in Joutseno, SE Finland. During my work gathering data on threatened beetle species in Finland, I also recognized one specimen of the leaf beetle species Chrysomela vigintipunctata (Scopoli), collected by Blomqvist in the municipality of Joutseno (the province of Sa) 22. V. 1957. This species has not thus far been reported within the borders of present-day Finland, but is known from the SE parts of the Eastern Fennoscandia (Fig. 1). The species was for the first time recorded from Eastern Fennoscandia by Krogerus (1925): from the municipalities ofNykyrka and Kivinebb, both in the province of Ik, today belonging to the USSR. The next observation of the species was reported by Platonoff (1944), who collected a number of specimens on Salix (presumably S. caprea) in Kuujarvi and Uslanka, in the province ofKol, also located in the USSR (cf. also Palmen 1946).


A new system of nomenclature is proposed with the purpose of presenting a scheme which will be applicable to spores, pollens, and other microfossils from all geological ages. A review of previous nomenclatural systems is presented to indicate the historical development of microfossil nomenclature. The applicability of the new system is illustrated by naming 21 new species and four new genera of Upper Cretaceous microfossils from the Comox formation of Vancouver Island and the Oldman formation of southern Alberta. The microfossil conspecti are briefly compared with the assemblage previously reported from the Brazeau formation of western Alberta. Advantages of the new nomenclatural scheme are discussed in the light of future discoveries of plant microfossils, and their application to palaeobotanical and geological problems.


HELLENTHAL, REBECCA L., Ph.D., November 2009, Clinical Psychology Utilizing an Empirically-Supported Parenting Intervention in Rural Community Settings: an Investigation of Effectiveness, Mediators of Change, and Dropout (106 pp.) Director of Dissertation: John P. Garske This project investigated the effectiveness of a behavioral parent training program utilizing empirically-supported parenting techniques (Barkley, 1997) with low-income families in a Mental Health Professional Shortage Area (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007), an underserved and understudied population. In addition, the study examined mediators of treatment effectiveness and factors associated with premature dropout. The overarching goals of the parenting intervention were to improve parent-child relationships and to prevent and/or reduce child behavior problems (e.g., noncompliance, oppositionality) through effective parenting practices. In all, eight parenting groups were facilitated by masters-level mental health clinicians across three Southeastern Ohio counties in non-clinical settings. Fifty-seven parents completed both the preand post-intervention questionnaires. Paired samples t-tests revealed that parents who attended at least four of eight sessions reported improved child behavior, increased family cohesion, enhanced parenting competence, increased sense of social reassurance of worth, reduced parenting stress, and more consistent discipline practices. The parents did not report a significant change with regard to perceived social guidance. However, the changes made by parents who continued in the program were not significantly different from those who attended three or fewer sessions. Parent age was the only variable related to premature dropout, such that younger parents were more likely to drop out before attending at least four sessions. Treatment satisfaction and change in parenting self-efficacy, reassurance of worth, and parenting stress were not found to be mediators of the relationship between attendance and change in parenting practices. Further, reduction in inconsistent discipline was not found to mediate the relationship between attendance and change in child behavior. Results from this investigation will help to inform future behavioral treatments for noncompliant children in this region, and particularly parenting groups. Approved: ______________________________________________________________ John P. Garske Professor Emeritus of Psychology


The aim of this study is to examine the teacher`s aatitudes to wards youth with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). The study is based on interviews with school staff. The results are analyzed according to Goffman`s theory about stigma, Becker`s labelling theoty and Starrin`s theory of shame. If the pupil is stigmatized on lessons will that result in marks? The main results were that are not special attitudes against youth with the diagnos ADHD. This is a result of that the pupil are informed about the differeetiations among them and others. Keyword: ADHD, mark, stigmatize, diagnosis, attitudes


Results of anthropoand laparometry researches of 302 male corpses of the second period of mature age (36-60 years) are presented in the article. These results demonstrate opportunity of use of body parameters, parameters of abdomen and anterior abdominal wall in diagnostics of causes of male death.


We analyze the annual variations in the total ozone content (TOC) over Tomsk in period of 1994-2017 and integrated aerosol backscattering coefficient (IABC) in period of 2000-2016, obtained using M-124 ozonometer and lidar method respectively. The correlation coefficient between these time series turned out to be -0.23, indicating that, although localized in the same altitude range, these time series are uncorrelated. Study of annual behaviors, formed from these time series, showed that TOC can be fitted by the function sin, while IABC by the function cos. At the same time, both functions depend on a single parameter, i.e., time. These functional relationships constitute the parametric equation of circle on the plane. This allowed us to conclude that the variations of these atmospheric constituents are formed mainly in two perpendicular directions.


Fertilizer is a substance given to plants that could be food for plants. Fertilizer  itself divided into two types, that  is  inorganic  fertilizers  and  organic  fertilizer.  Fertilizer  is  very important  to  the  needs  of farmers,  especially  farmers.  Therefore  fertilizer  needs should be able  to in monitoring  in  order  not to occur lack. The purpose of this study is a grouping of the use of fertilizer in every town in the districts of Ngawi with k-Means algorithm. The formulation of the problem to overcome is how to apply the method of k-means  algorithm  to  categorize  fertilizer  needs  in  every  town  in  the  Ngawi.  K-means  is  clustering algorithm where one object can be in group based on data similarities. Clustering results K-means Clustering is seen in the first group high (Cluster 1) contains 6, In the second group medium (Cluster 2) contains 2 sub-districts, while in the third group low (cluster 3rd) contains 11 sub-districts.


The possibility of using horsehair in gypsum-based wall and partition products as a reinforcing additive has been investigated. It was established that the magnitude of the pressing pressure has a significant effect on the strength of the material.


Abstract A series of phenyl Hydrogen α-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)benzyl-phosphonates are prepared from the reaction of benzyl carbamate, substituted benzaldehydes and phenoxydichlorophosphine in acetic chloride and subsequent hydrolysis. The reactions proceed smoothly in mild condition and afford the title compounds in good yields.


This paper introduces a single neuron-based PI speed regulator to compensate the load torque for a three-phase asynchronous AC motor with vector control.Simulation results are also given.


By means of outdoor exposure test,under glass test,artificial accelerated test,corrosion apperance and product analysis,the corrosion prevention data for a number of metal plating and the economical acid rain corrosion prevention metal plating technology were obtained.The test result indicates that the key problem of advanced technology is strict technologyic conditions controls.


Herein we discuss a rare variant of hangman's fracture in an eighty year old male presenting without any neurological deficits. We performed X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine to confirm the diagnosis. The patient was placed on a cervical traction which showed good reduction. We performed posterior occipitocervical fusion with bone graft fusion followed by early mobilization. A postoperative scan showed good reduction and purchase of the screws. This case highlights the importance of choosing the correct therapeutic attitude for the management of the geriatric population especially in those who do not have any significant co-morbid conditions.


Austenite grain growth behavior of the high-strength shipbuilding steel at various temperatures and holding for different time was studied by optical microscope and TEM.The results show that the steel has good anti-coarsening ability at elevated temperature,the austenite grain coarsening temperature was about 1250 ℃,the isothermal growth equation of austenite grains obeyed the parabolic expression at 1100 ℃ and 1200 ℃,and with the increase of heating temperatures the precipitates were dissolved,only TiN was observed at 1250 ℃.


Quality Assurance in Manual Packaging Case of Thule AB: A Theoretical Review of Virtual and Augmented Reality Systems as Cognition Supportive Approaches