Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Surgical management pilon fractures continue to be a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Despite a staged protocol, anatomic reduction, and stable fixation, many patients will require secondary procedures including ankle arthrodesis to treat painful post-traumatic arthritis. Some investigators have correlated the absorbed energy at the time of the injury with the natural history of the pilon fracture despite the quality of the surgical reconstruction. We hypothesize that the presence of an intact fibula in association with an OTA Type C pilon fracture may be a marker for a strict axial compression mechanism resulting in more severe cartilage compression and a poor late outcome. No studies to date have correlated the presence of an intact fibula to pilon fracture outcome. Methods: An IRB approved 7-year retrospective study was performed at three Level I Trauma Centers. Inclusion criteria included all adult patents (=18) with isolated OTA type B or C pilon fractures from 2008 through 2014. All patients were treated in a staged fashion with initial external fixation by fellowship-trained orthopedic traumatologists. The primary outcome measurement was ankle arthrodesis. Secondary measurements included infection. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate prognostic factors of arthrodesis and infection. A total of 239 patients met inclusion criteria for a complete case analysis. Results: It was found that OTA Type C pilon fractures (OR (95% CI): 6.34 (0.80, 49.98), p=0.08), intact fibulas (OR (95% CI): 1.39 (0.43, 4.53), p=0.58), and open injuries (OR (95% CI): 2.19 (0.56, 8.55), p=0.26) were more likely to result in eventual arthrodesis compared to OTA Type B pilon fractures, fractured fibulas, and closed injuries, respectively. However, none of these unadjusted bivariate associations were statistically significant. An intact fibula was significantly less likely to result in infection compared to having a fractured fibula (OR (95% CI): 0.26 (0.08, 0.90), p=0.03), however this effect was no longer significant after accounting for open versus closed injury status (Adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.35 (0.10, 1.26), p=0.11). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest an adverse relationship for closed complex pilon fractures with an intact fibula. This was especially pronounced in C type injuries in comparison to type B injuries with a 6.34 odds ratio of subsequent fusion. The data approached statistical significance and may have clinical relevance in the decision making and patient counselling for managing these fractures. Pilon fractures historically have had poor outcomes and a higher rate of secondary surgeries which was surprisingly low in our current study. Further study needs to determine if this observation correlates with improved patient outcomes.


Background: As the largest funding agency of natural science of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has made great efforts in promoting the development of respiratory field research in recent years. The aim of this study is to summarize the respiratory research in China by analyzing NSFC-funded projects.

Methods: Data on all projects in the respiratory field funded by NSFC from 2015 to 2019 were collected. This article used statistical methods combined with python language and R language to analyze NSFC for the respiratory field from overall situation, fund distribution, researchers, major funds, hot spots and cluster analysis.

Findings: The results show that the proportion of NSFC in respiratory field had increased year by year, and the distribution of diseases focused on Asthma, Pulmonary Circulation and Vascular Diseases, ALI and ARDS, COPD, Respiratory Inflammation & Infection. We also analyzed and summarized the respiratory research hot spots and trends, and pointed out the basic research directions in the future.

Interpretation: We developed a deep mining method to quantify NSFC respiratory projects analysis based on python language and R language of programming language. The results presents the development and dynamic changes in the past five years, which can potentially be of significant aid and decision-making for future development.

Funding Statement: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China [81300030], the General Program [81570336], General Program [82071569].

Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.


A model-consistent universal wall-function method for RANS turbulence modelling is presented, which gives solutions almost independent of the
spacing of the first grid node above the wall (denoted by y+(1) in plus-units) and allows a considerable solver acceleration and reduction of memory consumptions. Model-consistent wall-functions are turbulence model specific,ensuring almost grid-independent predictions for boundary layer flows at zero pressure gradient, e.g. the flow by Wieghardt . The method is then applied successfully to aerodynamic flows with separation including a transonic flow with shock induced separation by Cook and a subsonic highlift airfoil close to stall by Gleyzes.


A field experiment was carried out at the Abu Ghraib site, Researches and Studies Department, Department of Horticulture in clay loam Soil texture under group of the Type Torrfluvent on Paprika Plant. The experiment included Soil treatment with three levels of Humic acid (0, 6 and 12) L Class house (500 m) with symbols H0, H1 and H2 respectively, and Hch indicate Chemical Fertilization CaCl2 and CaSO4 Calcium spraying, two levels of (0 and 10) g Ca L and symbol of CaCl2 as Ca1 and CaSO4 as Ca2 and Control treatment as Ca0 The study was designed to study the effect of the interaction between the Humic acid and the source of Calcium, which gives the best vegetative growth and improve the quality and quantity of the Paprika, the experiment showed the results: 1. There was a significant increase in the formation of pigments due to the Humic acid and the source of Calcium and the superiority of the treatment of the Humic acid in the third level (H2) in the content of Chlorophyll and Carotene and recorded values (483.76 and 4.70) mg 100 g -1 soft substance for both Chlorophyll and Carotene respectively and record source of calcium chloride (CaCl2) significantly increasing in the formation of pigments and recorded values (458.96 and 4.92) mg per 100 g soft substance for both Chlorophyll and Carotene, respectively, and the interaction between the factors (the Humic acid and the Calcium source) was the highest value in the treatment of interference (H2 + CaCl2) which were (514.34 and 6.17) mg per 100 g soft substance for Chlorophyll and Carotene respectively. 2. There was a significant effect of Humic acid and Calcium source in the content of fruits from Beta-Carotene and Ascorbic acid in fruits. The fertilization treatment of the Humic acid at the third level (H2) was higher in Beta-Carotene content and values were (1.32 and 84.54) mg 100 ml -1 juice respectively, Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) was significantly increased with values (1.29 and 66.32) mg per 100 ml juice for both Beta-Carotene and Ascorbic acid, and the interference between the factors (Humic acid and Calcium source) was the highest value in the interference treatment (H2 + CaCl2) which were (1.43 and 87.20) mg per 100 ml juice per from Beta-Carotene and Ascorbic acid. 3. The Humic acid fertilization was increased significantly in the Total Yield at the third level H2 which was (12.86 ton ha ) and recorded the highest Yield in the treatment of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) which was (11.29 tons e) and the interaction between the factors (Humic acid + Calcium Chloride) was recorded the highest yield (14.45 tons ha).


Interpretation and receptive theory play a positive role in improving Chinese language teaching. Texts are open to interpretation with general readers as their centers. Our concepts should also be updated to give prominence to both students and teachers in the creative use of textbooks and reference materials. Expectant vision refers to readers' cognitive structures and their expectations out of reading. Therefore, teaching practice needs to be guided by related theories.


A discussion for investigating the yield surface of metal is described. The paper also presents the discussions of the accuracy of strain measurements and the arrangement of three–element 45° strain gauges on a thin–walled tube under combined loadings.


Abstract The implications of the PRI test are examined, in order to demonstrate how the values may be interpreted by the rubber goods manufacturer. It is shown that consistency of PRI is desirable, to enable product uniformity through control of processing, in particular high temperature mastication. It is demonstrated that PRI cannot be used to assess the quality of natural rubber, in terms of dynamic properties and vulcanizate aging.


A history of sporadically poor culture performance in the inoculum train and subsequent production cultures has been observed in a CHO cell line expressing a recombinant mAb X, resulting in insufficient titer for forward processing downstream. Through data analysis and experimentation in controlled bioreactors, this poor performance has been linked to seed train culture conditionsprimarily seed train culture pH. Standard manufacturing practices for pH monitoring and control were modified to more precisely control culture pH to desired set point. Non-standard metrics (such as cell size and oxygen uptake rate) have been used to monitor seed train cultures. Evidence of the poor growth phenotype can also be found in elevated levels of binding immunoglobin protein (BiP) in the seed train culture cells. With seed train pH control improvements and enhanced monitoring in place, the poor culture performance has not been observed in recent commercial campaigns.


may be hindered, however, by potential confounding by indication, given that the affective disorders that often trigger benzodiazepine use are also associated with dementia risk. Recognizing this limitation, Merete Osler, M.D., professor at the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention at Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals in Denmark, and a colleague sought to minimize risk of confounding by indication in this new study examining whether treatment with benzodiazepines and Z-drugs increases risk of subsequent dementia. They also examined risk based on drug type and the timing and duration of treatment.


Writer has made studies about the effect of sunspot number on the yealds of paddy field rice at Suwa Region, Nagano Pref., using data for 271 years from 1690 to 1960. And following results were obtained.(1) Bad harvests of ten take place at about several years off and on when the sunspot numbers are minima in her 11-year period. On the contrary good harvests at the years when they are maxima (Fig. 1).This tendency is seen when we use the absolute minima number of sunspots, that is, in many cases harvests of paddy rice are bad at the years when the absolute numbers of sunspots less than 40 (Table-2).(2) Years in which the annual mean temperature are less than the normal value, are correspond ing to years when the sunspot number are less than about 40 (Fig-2). And this fact is more notable in summer, but in winter is little (Fig-3 and 4). The same tendency is seen in the summer duration of sunshine, too (Fig-6).(3) Hot summers next to hot winters are frequently seen in the time when sunspot numerous, and cold summers next to cold winter are seen when they are small.


In this paper, we give two transformation formulas for q _series using two simple properties of q _ultraspherical polynomials. Using these transformations and the well_known Rogers_Ramanujan identities, we provide simple proofs of some identities of the Rogers_Ramanujan type.


The cortical processes involved in learning are not well understood. Recent experiments have studied population-level response in the orofacial somatosensory (S1) and motor (S1) cortices of rhesus macaque monkeys during adaptation to a simple tongue protrusion task within and across multiple learning sessions. Initial findings have suggested the formation of cell assemblies during adaptation. In this report we explore differences in cell activity between successful and failed trials as the monkey learns during two sessions. The ability to directly compare data across multiple sessions is fairly new and until now research has mostly focused on the activity of neurons during successful trials only. We confirm findings of the development of coherently active cell assemblies and find that neural response differentiates significantly between successful and unsuccessful trials, particularly as the monkey adapts to the task. Our findings motivate further research into the differences in activity between successful and unsuccessful trials in these experiments.


This work investigates how stability symmetry affects the solution tendency in two common MEMS sensors operating in degenerate parametric resonance. Prior work showed that a phase-squeezing event occurring prior to bifurcation can be used as a precise tracking parameter in mass sensing applications. Here we demonstrate that stability asymmetry has no effects on the probability of solution going to either of the two nontrivial stable branches of the pitchfork bifurcation. Experiments show that whether the device has perfect symmetry or not results in 50% probability distribution to either branch of the solution. In other words, stability asymmetry has no effect on the shapes of the potential wells. This finding provides confidence in tuning of MEMS devices without losing the general response characteristics of parametric resonance. Much higher sensitivity in parametric mass sensing can be achieved by tuning the stability symmetry with almost vertical slope.


The aim of this paper is to contribute to a new start of measuring innovativeness and creativity within the business sector and thus to widen perspectives in analysing and promoting capabilities and processes that contribute to profitable firms and growth. Basically it is a technical paper arguing for a renewal of our toolbox of indicators for capturing knowledge formation in industry. It starts with a discussion of the original Schumpeterian concept of innovation; a concept which has no necessary connection to science or technological originality at all. What counts is not the science base but all professional creativity which can attract the market. This opens for a better understanding of the creative processes taking place in so called low-tech manufacturing sectors as well as in many service sectors, not the least those labelled Knowledge Intensive Business Services. The core section of the paper is devoted to a discussion of an alternative to the system of technology indicators used within the OECD and the EU. The authors argue for a family of five indicators all of which may be based on a small set of variables. Instead of compiling these indicators to a composite index - which is common practice within the EU - the paper suggests that using them together may capture the variety of innovativeness within and between sectors. Indices related to design intensity, technological intensity, skill intensity and innovation intensity are supposed to add to the more traditional R&D intensity in the work to capture different aspects of firms capabilities to innovate and to stay competitive. The suggested family of indices is finally "tested" on Norwegian data. Although they have been collected for other purposes the test reveals that the suggested system of indicators is capable to show the variety within sectors and between firms as regards knowledge formation and innovativeness. In fact, this limited test, already, provides a more diversified picture on the innovativeness of the business sector than what is provided by the conventional tools.


Partial observability is a result of noisy or imperfect sensors that are not able to reveal the real state of the world. Problems that suffer from partial observability have been modelled as Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs). They have been studied by researchers in Operations Research and Artificial Intelligence for the past 30 years. Nevertheless, solving for the optimal solution or for close approximations to the optimal solution is known to be NP-hard. Current algorithms are very expensive and do not scale well. Many applications can be modelled as POMDPs: quality control, autonomous robots, weapon allocation, medical diagnosis. Designing approximation algorithms to solve problems that have partial observability is the focus of this research. The model we propose (Cost Observable Markov Decision Processes or COMDPs) associates costs with obtaining information about the current state (Bayer 1998). The COMDP's actions are of two kinds: world actions and observation actions. World actions change the state of the world, but return no observation information. Observation actions return observation information, but the state of the world does not change while performing them. COMDPs are intended to model situations that arise in diagnosis and active vision where there are many observation actions that do not change the world and relatively few world-changing actions. We are particularly interested in problems where there are many alternative sensing actions (including, especially, no sensing at all) and where, if all observation actions are performed, the entire state of the world is observable (but presumably at very great cost). Hence, COMDPs can also be viewed as a form of fully observable Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) where the agent must pay to receive state information (they are "cost-observable"). Any POMDP can be modeled as a COMDP and vice versa. We want to approximately solve COMDPs and determine what POMDP classes these approximations are good for. There are two fundamental problems that any POMDP approximation algorithm must address: how to act when "lost" and how to avoid getting "lost".


Digital photogrammetry and softcopy workstations have added a new dimension to aerial triangulation, and some of the previously manual procedures are now available in automated form. Also, commercial software packages for automatic aerial triangulation came on to the market in the last decade. In this study, the results of automatic aerial triangulation using four triangulation software packages, Z/I Imaging's MATCH‐AT (ISMAT) and ISAT, LH Systems' MST and VirtuoZo AAT, are presented. For the comparison of the results of the tie point extraction and the bundle block adjustment for triangulation, a sub‐block from the Uster block in Switzerland was selected and used. Differences between these software packages are discussed with respect to their functionality and performance in detail. The achieved standard deviation of image coordinates varies between 0·2 and 0·5 pixel for the systems tested. The more signalised control points and check points to be used, the better the σ0 estimate which could be expected. The average number of extracted tie points varied from system to system with respect to the matching method and the resolution of the images used in the programs. The digital aerial triangulation of the Uster sub‐block was faster than analytical triangulation and the elapsed time for triangulation of one image using different systems varies between about 0·5 and 6 min. Nevertheless, results also show that automated aerial triangulation is still prone to error in all systems. Image matching produces many blunders, which can only be handled efficiently by using a sophisticated blunder detection procedure, as is available with robust estimation. This is not the case for all the systems tested, however. There still remains a lot to be done in terms of development (improvement of matching, for example, by integrating robust estimation for error detection at an early stage, implementation of on‐line triangulation, better internal quality control procedures, more transparent and simple user interfaces and more useful information for the user with better software manuals). However, it was shown that automatic aerial triangulation provides higher redundancy and reliability of results and much more economical photogrammetric practice than ever before.


This year there will be two days of voting. If a 25 percent poll is not reached, then voting will continue for a third and if necessary a fourth day. Dates Tuesday 22 and Wednesday 23 August Who can vote? All full time snrdents can vote as long as they are not registered for Masters or PHD degrees. Students must produce a valid student card as means of Where to vote? students can vote either at roving ballots or at fixed ballots. The roving ballots, which will be all around campus, will be staffed by people approved by the electoral officer. At the roving ballots students will be required to fill in the back of the card. How to vote Each student has a minimum of four votes and a maximum of seven votes. Vote on a computer card at the polling station. The card must be filled in in pencil. Posters will be put up around campus explaining how to fill in a c{d. Venues and times O Arts, Architecnre, Science and first year Medical stud€nr Senate House Concourse 8am 7pm. O Dentisry: Common room Denal Hospial8am 2pm. O Engineering: Chamber of Mines Building Faculty OI 8am 4:45 pm. a Medicine: Foyer Medical School 8am , pm.


Abstract This paper presents a fiber optic sensor for use in battery maintenance and also useful in determining the battery State of Health (SoH). The sensor was originally developed for electrolyte density measurements; the sensor comprises several plastic optical fiber sensors which measure the density of the electrolyte at different heights within the vessel of the battery. The sensor is based on light loss that occurs in the detection zone by means of the variation of the density of the electrolyte. This variation depends on the state of charge (SoC) of the battery at the height at which the sensor is placed and also depends on wear-out of battery. In summary, changes in the density of the electrolyte over time are an indicator of SoH. Strategic positioning of the measuring points of the sensor also allows measurements of other variables that facilitate maintenance: detection of low level of the electrolyte and the sediment of the active material that settles into space at the bottom of the cell.


Objective: We studied expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium from a group of rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after taking metoprolol---- a beta-receptor blocker, in order to determine if beta-receptor blocker can promote myocardial angiogenesis in rat s with AMI and reveal the mechanism. Methods: The infarcted rats received last metoprolol administration for 1-3 weeks. Vascular endothelial cells and VEGF protein in ischemic myocardium were detected by immunohisto-chemical technique. Capillary density and heart rate were detected too. Results: Capillary density and expression of VEGF protein were higher in ischemic myocardium of rats with metoprolol treatment than in ischemic myocardium of rats in control group. Capillary density and expression of VEGF significantly increased in ischemic myocardium with reduction of heart rate in comparison with no reduction of heart rate in rats with metoprolol treatment. Conclusion: Beta-receptor blocker may promote capillary angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium of rats. It suggests that VEGF plays a key role in the angiogenic response that occurs with chronic bradycardia.


In this paper, we performed quantum mechanical calculations to determine the best monolayer sheet for preparing polypropylene nanocomposites. For this purpose, six types of monolayer sheets were selected (graphene, silicon-carbide monolayers (SiC-m), boron-nitride monolayers (BN-m), aluminum-nitride monolayers (AlN-m), gallium-nitride monolayers (GaN-m) and silicene). First, the mechanical properties of the different monolayers were studied; the results indicated that the Young's modulus of graphene is six times greater than that of silicene. Next, the interaction energies between the propylene monomer and monolayer sheets were calculated. The results indicated that among the different monolayer sheets, the Young's modulus of graphene is higher than that of the other materials but that silicene has an eightfold stronger interaction with the propylene monomer. Then, we calculated the interaction energy and equilibrium distance between polypropylene and silicene in nanocomposites with increasing propylene monomer contents on the silicene. Finally, Lennard–Jones parameters (σ and e) were calculated to model the interaction between polypropylene and silicene with a linear spring.


The overall service performance of I/O intensive system depends mainly on workload on its storage system. In heterogeneous storage environment where storage elements from different vendors with different capacity and performance are put together, workload should be distributed according to storage capability. This paper addresses data placement issue in short video sharing website. Workload contributed by a video is estimated by the number of views and life time span of existing videos in same category. Experiment was conducted on 42,000 video titles in six weeks. Result showed that the proposed algorithm distributed workload and maintained balance better than round robin and random algorithms. Keywords—data placement, heterogeneous storage system, YouTube, short videos


For many people web blogs are the preferred means to document important moments of their lifes, e.g. a holiday trip or the year abroad. Such blogs contain photos and textual descriptions of events in a well-structured form. However, while being a perfect means to share such important moments with friends and family, blogs remain digital and thus do not provide the valuable experience of a physical souvenir of the documented event, such as a photo book. In this paper we therefore propose a solution to combine the advantages of both web blogs and printed photo books. We bridge the gap between the digital and physical world by providing a system to automatically transform a blog into a photo book. For this we employ our system for automatic page layout following aesthetic principles. The structure of the blog is reflected in the overall layout of the photo book. We also enrich the resulting photo book with additional content from the web by employing links and location information present in the blog entries. The result is a physical counterpart to the original blog in a nice layout. Our approach is implemented as a web-based rich media application.


This study aims to examine the effect of leverage, firm size, profitability, information asymmetry, and managerial ownership structure on earnings management. The population of this research is all consumer goods industry sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2013-2017.The method of collecting samples using purposive sampling technique. The sample used in this study amounted to 122 companies. In this study data analysis techniques were carried out using multiple linear regression analysis.The results of the t test show that leverage, profitability, and managerial ownership structure influence earnings management. Whereas company size and information asymmetry does not affect earnings management.


The paper briefly reviews the fiscal policy in the UK prior to the onset of the financial crisis, and then during and after the crisis. It then advocates the case for the need for continuing budget deficits, which leads into the dangers of attempting to eliminate structural budget deficits. A brief section sketches an alternative policy approach to reduce budget deficit without harming economic activity. It is concluded that the aim to eliminate the structural deficit over a five year period is ill-founded and the resulting cuts in public expenditure are unnecessary and damaging to economic prosperity.


A non-linear analysis of cyclotron wave excitation in a plasma with a charged particle beam is presented. The Langmuir frequency of plasma omega p is assumed to be much smaller than the beam cyclotron frequency omega c. A ratio of the wave magnetic field amplitude to the confining uniform magnetic field H0 is also assumed to be small ( epsilon =H0/H0)<<1. The problem is analyzed without linearization, with the help of an asymptotic method. A frequency range of the unstable oscillations is determined, as well as the spatial and time development of the cyclotron instability.


Among practicing orthopaedic surgeons, the population that self-identify as generalists has been declining for the past three decades, while sub-specialization has become more prevalent. As more residents are pursuing fellowship training, some elect to complete multiple fellowships, but due to a lack of research, there is a lack of insight into the reasons behind these decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing the decision of orthopaedic surgery residents to pursue more than one fellowship following graduation from residency. An anonymous survey was distributed via email to all PGY-4 and PGY-5 orthopaedic surgery residents who had matched into one or more fellowships in the spring of 2021 and 2022. Responses were analyzed to determine the prevalence of different specialties, reasons for pursuing fellowship, and among those pursuing more than one fellowship, the reasons they chose to do so. 259 responses were collected from residents entering a fellowship, with 74 (28.6%) entering fellowships in the Midwest, 54 (20.8%) in the Southwest, 51 (19.7%) in the Northeast, 42 (16.2%) in the Southwest, and 32 (12.4%) in the West. 19 (7.3%) respondents reported matching into two or more fellowships. Among the fellowships pursued, sports medicine was most popular with 10 (52.6%) respondents; followed by shoulder/elbow (5; 26.3%). Out of all 259 respondents, 252 (97.3%) indicated their fellowship choices were based on interest, and 192 (74.1%) were also affected by marketability. Mentorship played a role for 173 (66.8%) and training in an area of deficiency was important for 149 (57.5%). Among those pursuing multiple fellowships, many combinations seem to have been made to decrease the time to breaking even on the financial investment involved in pursuing fellowships after residency. Most orthopaedic surgery residents elect to pursue fellowship training due to personal interest in the field, as well as to increase their marketability, and shorten the time to breaking even in comparison to the loss of compensation required for pursuing fellowship. Our results indicate that residents pursuing multiple fellowships are those interested in less marketable specialties, who then pursue a second fellowship with higher returns on investment, such as completing fellowships in pediatrics and sports medicine.


In the Ubiquitous Electric Internet of Things (UEIoT), the terminals are very easy to be accessed and attacked by attackers due to the lack of effective monitoring and safe isolation methods. Therefore, in the implementation of UEIoT, the security protection of terminals is particularly important. Therefore, this paper proposes a dual-system design scheme for terminal active immunity based on trusted computing. In this scheme, the terminal node in UEIoT is composed of two parts: computing part and trusted protection part. The computing component and the trusted protection component are logically independent of each other, forming a trusted computing active immune dual-system structure with both computing and protection functions. The Trusted Network Connection extends the trusted state of the terminal to the network, thus providing a solution for terminal secure access in the UEIoT.


The emergence of VLSI semiconductors is but one aspect of progress in materials and processing techniques that has led to the production of more powerful electronic systems. Just as important and fundamental to the application of VLSI are parallel developments in passive support components such as capacitors and the packaging and assembly of these components into systems


'I am no more academic than I am modern, no more modern than I am conservative.'1 Thus spake Stravinsky, via the ghostwriters of his manifesto of neoclassicism, the Poetics of Music, first delivered in French in 1939/40 as the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures at Harvard University. It was, quite clearly, a defence strategy in front of an audience of high-powered academics. Nonetheless, under attack throughout his career from many and varied quarters as not being academic enough, or being too modern or too conservative, Stravinsky's consistent tactic was simply to dismiss all such tags and get on with the job in hand. '"Neoclassicism?" he once scoffed. "A label that means nothing whatever. I will show you where you should put it" – and he gave his derriere a firm pat.'2 Such is the creative artist's prerogative. After all, why should composers want or need to engage with the a posteriori categories into which critics and musicologists choose to place their work? Debussy objected to being called an 'impressionist'; Grisey rejected the description 'spectralist'. They rightly recognized that any label constrains and excludes as much as it informs. This situation is exaggerated in the case of Stravinsky's 'neoclassicism', which was in any case never just one thing. That his musical persona was in a continual state of flux was a conscious strategy on his part – in large measure, argues Tamara Levitz in Modernist Mysteries: Perséphone, a consequence of his struggles as an émigré. As she sums up:


1. Rethinking tourism politics 2. The cultural politics of tourism: exploring the complexity of hegemony 3. Locating Lijiang: connections and process 4. Producing heritage: Lijiang's immersion into global tourism 5. Consuming heritage: tourists' expectations and influence on Lijiang 7. Local agency in heritage tourism 8. Conclusion: cultural politics of heritage tourism and beyond


A characteristic of incremental sheet metal forming is that much higher deformations can be achieved than conventional forming limits. In this paper it is investigated to which extent the highly non‐monotonic strain paths during such a process may be responsible for this high formability. A Marciniak‐Kuczynski (MK) model is used to predict the onset of necking of a sheet subjected to the strain paths obtained by finite‐element simulations. The predicted forming limits are considerably higher than for monotonic loading, but still lower than the experimental ones. This discrepancy is attributed to the strain gradient over the sheet thickness, which is not taken into account in the currently used MK model.


GERALDINE RODGERS has won the Nursing Older People Award, sponsored by Hallmark Care Homes, at the RCNi Nurse Awards 2016 for her work in creating a more homely and safe environment for patients and staff on a mental health ward.


Doxorubicin indicated hepatoxic, cardiotoxic and re sistent effect in the breast cancer treatment. Its combination with hesperidin which has cytotoxic eff ects has been tested to determine its cytotoxic effects on the viability of T47D cancer cell lines. Test carried out using 3-(4,5-dimetil thiazol-2-il )2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, whereas apoptoxic observation performed by double staining method using Ethidium Bromide-Acridine Ora nge. Results indicated that hesperidin at a concentration of 200 μM showed cytotoxic effect whi le doxorubicin showed strong a cyto-toxic effect at IC50 15 nM. Applying hesperidin at 50 and 100 μM increa sed cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin by 7.5 nM as compared with single doxorubicin treatment. T he strongest cytotoxic activity was shown by the combination of doxorubicin of 7,5 nM and hesperidi n of 100 μM. This combination induced apoptosis in T47D cell lines. The result showed tha t esperidin increased cytotoxic effect of doxoribicin on T47d cancer cell lines due to enhanc ed mechanism of apoptosis.


The importance of writing in computing education is widely agreed upon. In addition to the individual efforts [4], national curricular guidelines for both Computer Science [1] and Computer Engineering [2] further underscore the importance of writing. The former insists that, "computer science students must sharpen their...writing skills in a variety of contexts---both inside and outside of computer science courses" [1]. The latter is less specific, but no less emphatic about writing's importance: "Graduates should be able to communicate...ideas effectively in written form...." "This is necessary to ensure that students have the ability to communicate discipline-specific content." [2]. Furthermore, national professional accrediting bodies such as ABET have emphasized the importance of integrating the teaching of effective written communication into CS curricula. ABET requires that these skills be developed through computer science courses. Clearly the ability to write well is a priority for the profession, yet fulfilling these standards does become very challenging for individual teachers, programs, and institutions, taking into account the technical nature of the discipline.


The chief concern of the present study is the evaluation of the evidence the work in question itself - Michelangelo's Florentine Pieta - offers for the placement of Christ's left leg before Michelangelo attacked it. If, as the author suggests, we abandon our trust in the square socket in the thigh of Christ as a guide to the original position of the left leg, more than one position of the leg seems possible. The reconstruction proposed here narrows the angle between the legs and the pathos of the scene (Deposition) is more silent. If Calcagni, forced by the exigencies of the destruction, invented a new position for the left leg, he did it with a high regard for the pathos of the work as a whole. His restoration has preserved the group, and continues to give us access, like a frame around a painting, to its grief and lonely beauty.


Ultramafites and mafites are considerably distributed among the greenstone belts of the Kansky block. They are mapped in the form of numerous massifs, more often of small sizes, and they draw attention of many researchers in connection with their potential ore bearing capacity. However, their formation belonging often appears debatable and demands further studying. The purpose of the present research was the rocks of Kungussky and Kulizhinsky early-proterozoic mafic-ultramafic massifs, which are located in the southwestern part of the Kansky block (NW of Eastern Sayan). The offered petrographic and petrochemical research of the rocks allowed to consider Kungussky and Kulizhinsky massifs as peridotite-pyroxenite-gabbro formation and to establish their essential similarity. The petrochemistry of the rocks of the compared massifs has shown that during the early stage of differentiation of the initial basic fluid it may have divided into the derivatives: the ultra basic and the basic fluid. Later each of these fluids underwent its own evolution in the intermediate chambers in the course of differentiation with the formation of the directed series of rocks. The infusion of the ultra basic and basic fluids, obviously, occurred at various times at the same sites of the lithosphere. It has led to the formation of the ultramafic-mafic intrusion with a complex internal structure


Three important technologies of energy supplying were introduced for 150 t electric arc furnace steel-making process in Tianjin Pipe Group Co., which were hot metal charging, 2500m~3/h oxygen supplying and 100MVA transformer power supplying, and they could be integrated reasonably among them. Through technological transformations and production practice for more than ten years, good production progress had been made. The tapping to tapping time was 54.6 min on average and the oxygen consumption approximately 42.9m~3/t. The smelting electricity consumption was decreased to about 325 kWh/t and the transformer utilization factor had surpassed 11 000 t/(MVA·a).


Thank you for downloading beyond the multiplex cinema new technologies and the home. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this beyond the multiplex cinema new technologies and the home, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their computer.


404 high-dose corticosteroids, she experienced a myasthenic crisis with respiratory arrest, necessitating ICU admission, prolonged mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy and percutaneous enterojejunostomy. She suffered severe hypoxic encephalopathy; her subsequent clinical course was complicated by recurrent aspiration pneumonia, acute gastrointestinal bleeding and urosepsis. She has remained in an acute care hospital for the past 10 months. Although it is a rare complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, myasthenia gravis is of considerable significance. Of the 11 cases reported in the literature, there have been four life-threatening or fatal complications related to the disease or its treatment. As this case illustrates, the outcome of this disease can be devastating.


With the rapid development of computer software and hardware technology, dynamic random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory) is limited by the defects of process and energy consumption, and can no longer meet the requirements of non-uniform memory access (Non Uniform Memory Access, NUMA) systems. Requirements for memory capacity and power consumption. Although the emergence of a new type of non-volatile memory (NVM) can avoid this defect, its read and write is not balanced and cannot be directly used as system memory. This paper first sorts out the development status of heterogeneous memory, and then establishes three heterogeneous schemes, namely hierarchical architecture, parallel architecture and hybrid architecture, and optimizes the three schemes from the aspects of memory management, page migration and hardware level. DRAM and NVM are efficiently integrated and managed to meet the needs of the current rapid development of memory.


Objectives : The numbers of geriatric patients visiting emergency department have been increasing with the increase of geriatric population, especially among those with psychiatric problems. The aims of this study are to know the frequency and trend of visiting emergency department among elderly psychiatric patients, to analyse their demographic and clinical characteristics, and to identify related factors. Methods : Among elderly psychiatric patients with age over 60(N=276) who had visited Emergency Medical Center, Kosin University Gospel Hospital from 2000 thru 2009, medical records or electronic medical records of 187 cases were analysed by three psychiatrist who were blind to those patients. Results : 1) The numbers of elderly psychiatric patients were gradually increasing for 10 years versus total numbers of patients(0.18% in 2000, 0.25% in 2009) and versus total numbers of geriatric patients(0.81% in 2000, 0.87% in 2009). However, The increase of elderly psychiatric patients versus total numbers of psychiatric patients became so rapid as 2.5-3 times in 2006(7.58% in 2000, 27.54% in 2009). 2) Most frequent demographic and clinical characteristics of the elderly psychiatric patients visiting emergency department for 10 years were sixties(66.9%), urban dwellers(92.5%), visting during weekdays(67.9%) and stay for 6-24 hours(43.3%)(p Conclusion : Elderly psychiatric patients required much time and resources in the emergency department. To solve the rapidly growing problems related to the emergency care for the elderly psychiatric patients, analysing data of visiting emergency department at first and then active preparation of medical personnel shoud be preceded.


A new type of (CdZnTe,ZnSeTe)/ZnTe complex quantum wells was designed. Exciton tunneling process was investigated in this complex structure using absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and pump-probe measurements. The exciton decay time was measured in CdZnTe/ZnTe quantum well layers and ZnSeTe/ZnTe quantum well layers, respectively. And a fast exciton tunneling from CdZnTe/ZnTe quantum well to ZnSeTe/ZnTe quantum well was observed by transient differential trans mission. The tunneling time is 5.5ps.


The relevant considerations which affect the rational use of antibiotics are discussed and the following guide-lines are recommended:

(1) Use antibiotics only when there is a strong likelihood of a bacterial infection.

(2) Start treatment as early as possible, having taken a specimen for bacteriological investigation, when appropriate.

(3) Use as narrow a spectrum antibiotic as possible in order to conserve the normal ecology.

(4) Avoid prophylactic antibiotics except in certain well-defined circumstances.

(5) Give the correct dose of antibiotic for the correct length of time to ensure proper tissue levels. Bear in mind that in young animals pharmacokinetics may often differ from those in adult animals. Stress the proper time intervals at which the drug should be given. Ensure that the drug is actually taken. Bear in mind that not all drugs mix well with each other.

(6) Take steps to minimize cross-infection.

(7) Adopt an antibiotic policy, whereby by restriction, rotation or diversification of antibiotic use, many of the problems involved in the emergence of resistant organisms described above may be to some extent avoided. This action only applies to hospitals or specific parts of hospitals (e. g. intensive care units).

sity of Lourenco Marques, Lourenco Marques, Mozambique.


Students studying science subjects in most Tanzania secondary schools experience poor understanding of scientific concepts. Despite of several efforts made by stakeholders in alleviating the problem, it still persists. This might have been caused by among others, the lack of appropriate teaching aids to aid demonstration of difficult concepts in the subject. The objective of the study was to develop educational multimedia teaching aids for Hydraulic Press System and Screw and Jack sub-topic prototypes from the topic of simple machine in physics subject book two and assess their effectiveness in complementing classroom teaching in selected secondary schools. The study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature, with semi-structured questionnaires for assessment of interactive educational multimedia courseware as quantitative part, and collected data from 134 students from three selected secondary schools from Dar es Salaam and Singida regions. Prior to development and assessment of multimedia teaching aids, requirements for system design were collected from 80 Form two students and 3 physics teachers from Jangwani girls and St. Anthony secondary schools in Ilala and Temeke municipalities in Dar es Salaam region. Requirements were also collected from interview with examination officers from NECTA as well as from documentary review. The study findings revealed that the developed multimedia teaching aid prototypes assisted 88.8 per cent of the students to understand difficult concepts in physics more clearly, and about 74 per cent of them were motivated to learn the subject; thus, improving their way of learning the subject.


PURPOSE: An electrostatic chuck for semiconductor manufacturing facilities is provided to minimize the temperature deflection between an edge portion and a center portion of a wafer since the edge portion of the wafer is cooled by supplying a cooling medium through a cooling channel. CONSTITUTION: An edge ring(16) is installed along an edge circumference of an electrostatic chuck body(11). An inner circumferential portion(16a) of the edge ring is formed to be expanded to an inner side. An inner circumferential portion of the edge ring expanded to the inner side covers the top edge portion of the electrostatic chuck body. An end side of the inner circumferential portion of the edge ring is formed to be inclined(16b). A gap ring(21) for replacement is installed on a boundary portion between the wafer and the edge ring.


This paper presents a modified histogram shifting algorithm for reversible medical image watermarking to increase the hiding capacity. It is based on hierarchically dividing a cover image into smaller blocks for data embedding using the histogram shifting technique. To yield an optimal data hiding result, a technique for recursive looking-ahead estimation of the maximum data hiding volume at the lowest level of the block-division tree structure is used. The block divisions are performed and optimal division is selected based on the hiding capacity. A modified block division scheme is chosen for the medical images having large dark areas. In this method high data hiding capacity and high stego-image quality are achieved.


"Superconductors are the conductor swith practically no electric resistivity. They can carry electric current without any energy loss. Superconductivity, which is the phenomen on of showing no electric resistivity, was discover edaccidentally in mercury by Professor Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in the Netherlands in 1911. He had not expected that it happened! From the discovery of superconductivity, superconductivity and superconductors have been attracting broad interests by scientists and technologists in the world. Phenomena of superconductivity itself is mysterious, and, how it happens is still under discussions though many physicists have been challenging to explain superconductivity the oretically.Because superconductivity unfortunately appearsat very low temperature, much colder than the record-low temperature in the world or the temperature of dry ice, many chemists and material scientists have been challenging to discover new superconductors which become superconducting state at higher temperature."


AbstractGlobally, many freshwater fishes are declining in distribution and abundance, but for many species conservation measures are hindered by a limited knowledge of their ecology. Recent development of 12-mm half-duplex (HDX) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags has broadened the potential application of this technology for studying habitat selection and migration of freshwater fishes. However, the limited read range of the smaller 12-mm PIT tags can limit their functionality in ecological studies. The present study used four migratory fish species to test the efficacy of different PIT antenna designs for detecting 12-mm HDX tags in small- and medium-sized rivers. Three types of pass-through antennae were created and coupled to either a single reader or multiplexor board. Across single-reader and multiplexor systems, the detection efficiencies for Giant Kokopu Galaxias argenteus, Shortfin Eel Anguilla australis, and New Zealand Longfin Eel Anguilla dieffenbachii ranged between 87% and 97%. Adult P...


Results are presented from molecular-dynamics simulations of ideal solids under conditions of constant temperature, pressure, and uniaxial tensile force. We show that the system remains in metastable equilibrium all the way up to a critical value of the applied stress or force, at which point it fails irreversibly via the nucleation of small-scale defects. The critical load (failure strength) is found to decrease strongly with temperature.


A large amount of outgassing from the laminated cores in the pulse-operating magnets is one of the causes of pressure rise in an accelerator vacuum chamber. Outgassing rate measurements were carried out for a thousand of 0.1 mm thickness steel laminations, being stacked, in the compressed and uncompressed conditions. The measured rates of these samples did not show a significant difference, and indicated a t-1/2 time dependence. A pre-baking treatment for the laminated core samples was also examined.


This paper presents the development of the software to calculate the energy usage. This software can be operated as an expert system. Basic architecture of the expert system contains knowledge base (database), inference engine (decision), graphical user interface (GUI), user and output (energy audit report). Mainly, this software was developed by using Microsoft Visual Basic as a programming language tool that can build the GUI. After testing it with previous and present collected energy data, this software can display the energy audit report. It presents total amount of energy usage in kWh/day, kWh/month and total energy cost in RM.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and atherosclerosis share many common inflammatory pathways. Reducing the activity of inflammatory pathways with immunomodulators may lessen the risk of cardiovascular disease in RA. As such, a multibiomarker of RA disease activity (MBDA; AKA the Vectra Score) could serve as an indicator of treatment-associated improvements in atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.To prospectively evaluate the association of an MBDA score and its components with the change in arterial inflammation in RA patients enrolled in a clinical trial of two different RA treatment strategies.In the TARGET Trial, patients with active RA despite methotrexate were randomly assigned to the addition of either a TNF inhibitor (TNFi) or sulfasalazine+hydroxychloroquine (triple therapy). Baseline and 24-week follow-up 18F-flourodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans were assessed for change in arterial inflammation measured as the maximal arterial target-to-blood background ratio (TBR) of FDG uptake in the most diseased segment (MDS) of either the carotid arteries or aorta (TBRmax MDS). The MBDA score, measured at baseline and weeks 6, 18, and 24, was assessed for its association with the change in arterial inflammation. The MBDA score was categorized as low, moderate, and high disease activity (LDA, MDA, and HDA; LDA<30, MDA 30-44, HDA>44 units).Among the 150 randomized TARGET participants, 112 had an interpretable TBR at baseline and trial conclusion (24 weeks) (mean age=60 years; 71% female; RA duration=1.4 years; baseline DAS28-CRP=4.8). The MBDA score at week 24 was significantly correlated with the change in TBRmax MDS (Spearman's rho=0.239; p=0.011), while the baseline and interim MBDA scores were less strongly and not significantly correlated with the change in TBRmax MDS. The week 24 MBDA score remained significantly associated after adjustment for relevant confounders. Neither the baseline, follow-up, or change in DAS28-CRP nor CRP significantly predicted the change in TBRmax MDS. There was no significant difference in the association of the MBDA score with the change in arterial inflammation between the two randomized treatment groups. Those achieving MBDA LDA at week 24 had a statistically significant adjusted reduction in TBRmax MDS of 0.35 TBR units, while no significant reductions in TBRmax MDS over time were observed in those remaining in MBDA MDA or HDA(Figure 1A). The component of the MBDA score with the strongest association with change in TBRmax MDS was serum amyloid A (SAA) (Figure 1B), with the largest reduction in TBRmax MDS occurring in those in the lowest tertile of SAA week 24 who also achieved DAS28-CRP LDA (-0.450 TBR units) vs. those in the highest tertile of SAA who had also achieved articular LDA (-0.019 TBR units; Figure 1C).Achieving low disease activity by the MBDA at 24 weeks was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in arterial inflammation, similar to high-intensity statins, in a way not predicted using other RA disease activity measures, suggesting that treatment-associated improvements in arterial inflammation may be indicated by specific biomarkers that overlap those used to track articular disease activity.We would like to acknowledge the investigators of the TARGET Trial Consortium and the patients that participated in the trial.The trial was funded by NIH-NIAMS U01-AR068043; Abbvie and Amgen supplied study drug; Crescendo Biosciences funded and performed the assays for the MBDA testing.Jon Giles Consultant of: AbbVie, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Novartis, UCB, Bristol Myers Squibb, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Daniel Solomon Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Jansen, Moderna, Katherine Liao: None declared, Pamela Rist: None declared, Leah Santacroce: None declared, Zahi Fayad: None declared, Ahmed Tawakol: None declared, Joan Bathon: None declared.


Charging current receptance reflected charge performance of battery.It is very hard to obtain the Maas ideal charge curve.There is difference between practical current receptance and ideal value.Terminal voltage of charge is U1=E+I1(R1+ R2)during the course of "constant current-constant voltage" charge.During the early period,as a consequence of polarization faint,we may take terminal voltage of charge as electrode potential when overlooking effects of R1 and R2.We may scale current receptance with ascending of voltage when polarization becomes not noteworthy.Consequently,we come to a conclusion that the quicker voltage uptrends,the quicker current decays,thus the current receptance becomes better.


Let $\mathcal{O}(\mbox{Spin}_{q^{1/2}}(2n+1))$ and $\mathcal{O}(SO_q(2n+1))$ be the quantized algebras of regular functions on the Lie groups $\mbox{Spin}(2n+1)$ and $SO(2n+1)$, respectively. In this article, we prove that the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of a simple unitarizable $\mathcal{O}(\mbox{Spin}_{q^{1/2}}(2n+1))$-module $V_{t,w}^{\mbox{Spin}}$ is the same as the length of the Weyl word $w$. We show that the same result holds for the $\mathcal{O}(SO_q(2n+1))$-module $V_{t,w}$, which is obtained from $V_{t,w}^{\mbox{Spin}}$ by restricting the algebra action to the subalgebra $\mathcal{O}(SO_q(2n+1))$ of $\mathcal{O}(\mbox{Spin}_{q^{1/2}}(2n+1))$. Moreover, we consider the quantized algebras of regular functions on certain homogeneous spaces of $SO(2n+1)$ and $\mbox{Spin}(2n+1)$ and show that its Gelfand-Kirillov dimension is equal to the dimension of the homogeneous space as a real differentiable manifold.


collected between July 26 and October 1. The HFPS provides information on the welfare impacts that households experienced with respect to food insecurity, changes in employment, income changes, access to health and education services, and coping mechanisms. Key indicators on socioeconomic effects are available at the COVID-19 monitoring global dashboard, which provides 96 harmonized indicators across 50 countries in Latin America and the world. For further information, see World Bank and UNDP (2021).


Aiming at the finite sample,nonlinearity and high dimension of the coal-fired boiler slagging characteristics,a prediction model based on improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) and support vector regression(SVR) was proposed.As for SVR's parameter selection in modeling,the improved PSO algorithm was used to optimize model parameter,this method which having minimum structure risk theory combined with SVR's accurate non-linear simulation and the PSO's fast global optimization can accurately approximate nonlinear mapping relationship.Simulation results show that the proposed PSO-SVR model outperforms both GA-SVR and SA-SVR models while accurately predicting coal-fired boiler's slagging characteristics.


AMONG tle numerous investigations over the past decade of the multiplication of viruses a number have been concerned with the adsorption and subsequent elution or release of the virus from susceptible cells. The complexity of the systems involved, however, has limited studies to a few cases in which the process could be followed with relative ease. Factors concerned in the adsorption of the mumps-influenza group of viruses on erythrocytes have been studies by many workers, and extended to adsorption of influenza virus on isolated perfused ferret lung (Hirst, 1943) and of mumps and influenza on the chorio-allantois of the chick embryo (Henle and Rosenberg, 1949; Ginsberg, Goebel and Horsfall, 1948), and similar studies have been made with the pneumonia virus of mice (Horsfall and McCarty, 1947), but all these have been concerned rather with the chemical nature of the cell receptors and with virus inhibitors than with the kinetics of the process. Similarly, in the case of bacte-riophages, much of the recent work has been concerned with the effect of mutations of host and virus on adsorption and co-factor requirements, whilst the " single-step " method of studying bacteriophage multiplication (Ellis and Delbruck, 1939), which has proved so. valuable in many respects, gives no information about the initial adsorption period. In essentials this method involves the mixing of bacteria and phage in nutrient medium at high concentration for a short period to ensure rapid adsorption of the virus on the host cell, and then dilution of the mixture several thousandfold, so that any phage released will not be further adsorbed. Periodical assays, carried out on the diluted mixture, demonstrate the course of virus multiplication and release, and enable the time interval from mixing of phage and bacteria to release of phage (latent period), average yield of phage per bacterium (burstsize), and other factors to be calculated. But obviously these results are not applicable to the preliminary period of adsorption. Several workers have, however, shown that adsorption of phages on bacteria occurs at a logarithmic rate (cf. Delbruck, 1940a), and both the adsorption-rate constant for T4 coliphage activated by tryptophane and its rate of de-activation when the concentration of tryptophane is reduced below the minimum required for activation have been calculated (Anderson, 1949; Wollman and Stent, 1950; Stent and Wollman, 1950).


Mortality due to road kills has a great impact on wildlife population. The Cerdocyon thous is a wild canid, presenting crepuscular and nocturnal behavior. This animal also inhabits metropolitan areas, due to the fragmentation of their habitat associated with intense imobiliary speculation. Hunting, infectious diseases and running over are the main threats to populations of wild canids in worldwide. Most of the reported cases of wildlife-vehicle collision occur on off-road and highways, with little information on the rate and the cause of mortality of wild canids in urban roads. The purpose of this report is to describe the gross necropsy lesions observed in a specimen of C. thous victims of running over on an avenue with heavy traffic within the urban area of the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The postmortem examination revealed pale mucous membranes, hemoperitoneum, hemothorax and numerous hemorrhages with the multifocal arrangement in the lungs. According to macroscopic findings of necropsy, we can conclude that the probable cause of mortality of the animal was hypovolemic shock resulting from multiple traumas. It is a necessary study on running over of wild animals in urban areas in Brazil be developed in search of knowledge on the subject to subsidize the urban planning measures with a conservationist approach and respect to the ecological elements of the country.


We have measured quasi-elastic backward scattering in the reactions of 48Ti, 54Cr, 56Fe, 64Ni, 70Zn, 76Ge and 86Kr + 208Pb to study the nucleus-nucleus interaction in Pb-based cold fusion. The barrier distributions were obtained from the first derivative of the measured excitation functions of quasi-elastic scattering cross sections normalized to the Rutherford scattering cross sections. The centroids of the barrier distributions showed deviations from several predicted barrier heights toward the low energy side except for the Christensen-Winther potential and the Akuz-Winther potential. The shapes of the barrier distributions were well reproduced by the results of a coupled-channel calculation taking account of the coupling effects of multi-phonon excitations of the quadrupole vibration for the projectiles and of the octupole vibration for the 208Pb target. The present barrier distributions were also well reproduced by a semiclassical calculation taking into account the couplings of transfer channels and single-phonon excitations in the projectiles and the target.


ABSTRACTA joint study undertaken in the early 1960's by several bureaus in the Department of Interior and by the Army Corps of Engineers analyzed a set of alternatives for developing the last major natural reach of the Missouri River, 200 miles of outstanding scenic beauty and historic interest in Montana. At issue in this paper are the study's methods of presenting alternatives; its calculation of recreation benefits at reservoirs and at the wilderness waterway; the application of Senate Document 97, Supplement 1 to Senate Document 97, Federal Water Project Recreation Act of 1965; and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Willingness to pay and opportunity cost approaches as alternative measures of the benefit of preservation are examined by the author, and the issues are reconsidered in terms of recent policies and changing social values.


This study investigates the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips as an alternative way of retrofitting steel I-beams. The flexural strength and maximum deflection of unstrengthened and CFRP-strengthened steel I-beams were compared. Three groups of samples were studied: the first group has CFRP strip installed on the tension flange of the steel I-beam; the second group has CFRP strips installed on the compression and tension flanges of the steel I-beam; and the third group comprises unstrengthened steel I-beams which serve as control specimens. All specimens were tested as simply supported beams under third-point loading. A reaction frame machine was used to apply the load while a dial indicator was used to measure deflections.


OneofthestrategicobjectivesofthepresentgovernmentofSouthAfricaistopromotetheuseofpublictransport withagoalofachievingaratioof80:20betweenpublictransportandprivatecarusagebytheyear2020.However, the present structures of most cities are not conducive to the development of efficient public transport systems. Occasionally, expensive infrastructures were constructed in certain areas without proper planning. Chatsworth, a major suburban area of Durban, South Africa, has been considered as a case study in this article. The area is connected to the city centre by public transport systems, namely bus, minibus and metro rail. Surprisingly, the patronage on the rail system is very low and is decreasing. With a view to increase the accessibility to the rail system, a methodology has been presented based on data flow diagrams to develop a computer simulation model for the operational analysis of minibus taxi‐rail integration. The service requirements of metro rail and the minibus taxi service were analysed based on different demand scenarios in order to determine the optimum service requirement for the integrated system.


Why have cardiac surgeons traditionally used open techniques for valve surgery? The answer is straightforward-to use instruments directly through the incision, to manipulate the tissue, and to visualize the target. However, there now exist new techniques in which the operator "sees" the target only with advanced technology and manipulates the instrument remotely. An example is balloon angioplasty and stent placement. The cardiologist and radiologist never "see" the artery directly, nor manipulate the vessel directly, only indirectly. The significant disadvantages of conventional valve procedures compared to minimal access, or minimally invasive techniques, is the trauma to the patient due to the larger conventional incisions. We use larger incisions because our hands are relatively large, not because the target structures are large. With smaller incisions, the challenges to the surgeon become visualization and adequate manipulation of the tissue. These are challenges the solutions to which demand measures that transcend the framework of conventional surgical technique. Newer surgical techniques, commonly referred to as minimally invasive or minimal access techniques, must be consonant with the new knowledge w e obtain in the other branches of science. Computer science has made astounding contributions to the advancement of video monitoring. These contributions can be put to good use in the field of minimally invasive valve surgery. Video assistance in mitral valve surgery was predated by video assistance in most of the other surgical specialities. Video assistance caught the eye (literally) of the thoracic surgeon after general


This book examines the potential radiation hazards and environmental impacts of nuclear weapons. Topics considered include medical responsibility and thermonuclear war, the threat of nuclear war, nuclear weaponry, biological effects, radiation injury, decontamination, long-term effects, ecological effects, psychological aspects, the economic implications of nuclear weapons and war, ethics, civil defense, arms control, nuclear winter, and long-term biological consequences of nuclear war.


The enantioselective total synthesis of the dipyrrolidine alkaloid (-)- TRANS-dendrochrysine was accomplished in 18 steps starting from tropone. The key step was a ring-rearrangement -metathesis for the construction of the bisheterocyclic skeleton of the natural product in a single step.


Objective To investigate the effect of long-term treatment combined with fosinopril and indapamide on insulin resistance (IR), blood glucose level and blood lipid metabolism in patients with essential hypertension (EH) Methods Ninety-two patients with mild or moderate EH were randomly divided into two groups, observation group with both fosinopril and indapamide combined ( n =48) and control group with fosinopril only ( n =44) Treatment lasted for 14 months Blood pressure, levels of blood glucose, lipid and potasiium were measured before and after treatment, and IR was evaluated by calculating insulin sensitivity index (ISI) according to Cederholm' formula Results Overall responsive rate in lowering blood pressure was higher in the observation group than that in the control group, with 97 9% (47/48) vs 75 0% (33/44), P 0 01, and ISI significantly decreased in the observation group, 55±16 vs 48±13, P 0 05 Blood levels of glucose and lipid increased remarkably, after treatment with fosinopril and indapamide combined, and seven patients were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes, ISI significantly increased, 47±12 vs 53±14, P 0 01, and blood levels of glucose and lipid remarkably improved in 29 of them 4~12-month after stopping indapamide One of seven diabetics dropped out from the follow-up, three turned to impaired glucose tolerance, one turned to normal glucose tolerance, and two remained diabetic As compared, ISI significantly increased in the control group, 52±16 vs 59±19, P 0 01, and blood levels of glucose and lipid improved remarkably Conclusions Treatment with fosinopril and indapamide combined could keep blood pressure under control more efficiently than that with fosinopril only for EH patients But, long-term treatment with both fosinopril and indapamide could aggravate IR and worsen carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in EH patients Long-term treatment with fosinopril only could improve insulin sensitivity and metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid in EH patients It is suggested that indapamide was able to induce diabetes in EH patients, and their impaired glucose tolerance could be reversed in part of them after its discontinuation


Introduction: Integrated Planning for Agroforestry (I. Duchhart, R. Van Haeringen and F. Steiner). 1. Planning agroforestry for sustainable land use. (K.F. Wiersum). 2. Agroforestry diagnosis and design: Overview and update. (J.B. Raintree). 3. On-farm agroforestry research planning in Costa Rica. (J. Beer, R. Borel, and A. Bonnemann). 4. Planning of agroforestry programmes in Java, Indonesia. (A. van den Hoek and T. Bekkering). 5. Planning agroforestry extension projects, the care international approach in Kenya. (L. Buck). 6. The diagnosis and design approach to agroforestry project planning and implementation: examples from Western Kenya. (S.J. Scherr). 7. United States peace corps: agroforestry planning methods in the islands of the pacific. (K.J. Murray). 8. Agroforestry for development in Kenya: an overview. (A. Getahun). 9. Planning for agroforestry research in western Sudan: approaches, issues and lessons learned--the evolution of a management approach. (J.C. Noel, Z.A. Saad, and T.W. Bunderson). 10. Agroforestry practices and potentials in western Sudan. (T.W. Bunderson, A. el Wakeel, Z. Saad, and I. Hashim). 11. Planning and implementing agroforestry for small-holder farmers in Malawi. (A.R. Saka, W.T. Bunderson, Y. Mbekeani and O.A. Itimu). 12. Landscape development scenarios for planning and implementing agroforestry: a case study in the semi-arid lands of eastern Kenya (J.W. Jansens). 13. Social forestry in karnataka state: India. (J.H. Baldwin and D. Bandhu). 14. A conspectus for agroforestry. (W.W. Budd, L. Hardesty and W.T. Hinds).


The deformation mechanism for linear low-density polythylene (LLDPE) has been studied by electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance. Morphologically, the lamellae in the polar region of a spherulite are aligned in parallel to the drawing direction and then unfolded into microfibrils with drawing. The lamellae in the equatorial region are curved, corrugated, and unfolded partially. Actually, microfibrils are formed with transformation of both lamellae and some amorphous molecules throughout the drawing. Restraint of molecular mobility for the amorphous region increases with drawing, but mobility for the immobile region (lamellae and microfibrils) remains constant. Orientation of the trans-methylene sequences in amorphous regions proceeds with extension. These results can explain the changes of the s-s curve behavior.


Aviation safety taxonomies are the sets of terms on which occurrence reporting systems are based today. Since occurrences in aviation are one of the main sources for aviation safety, taxonomies are used to capture as much detail as possible from an occurrence. On the basis of taxonomies, overviews are regularly created for certain periods. Currently, a systemic approach to safety is increasingly being applied in the domain. The System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) is one of the systemic safety models that can analyze and investigate complex systems. However, with its introduction into full operation, major changes could arise. One such change would certainly be focused on the currently used aviation safety taxonomies, such as the European Co-ordination Centre for Accident and Incident Reporting Systems (ECCAIRS). In this respect, the goal of this paper is to propose an alignment of the ECCAIRS taxonomy with STAMP, with a focus on event types. The methodology, together with the results, detail the alignment design and validation. The resulting proposal shows how the ECCAIRS taxonomy could support STAMP-based occurrence data processing and, at the same time, it brings new insights that could help to structure the taxonomy in the future.


During field investigations in 2017, Clemmus troglodytes was found in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve (Republic of Mordovia, Russia). Earlier, C. troglodytes was collected in Yaroslavl City (Yaroslavl region, Russia). In this paper we are reporting for the first time both genus Clemmus and species C. troglodytes for the fauna of Russia. These records of the species in Russia extend remarkably its range to the north and east.


We argue that learning from noisy information is an important propagation mechanism for understanding credit and business cycles. First, we show that revisions of corporate profit expectations in survey data forecast changes in credit spreads and investment up to two years ahead, both in the aggregate and at the firm level. Second, we interpret these findings in a dynamic model with default risk and asymmetric information, whereby lenders are uninformed about firms' creditworthiness and optimally learn from a noisy public signal. We use the reported expectations from surveys to discipline investor expectations in the model. When the short-term profit outlook deteriorates, lenders become pessimistic about firm default risk. In turn, the firm perceives that debt is underpriced and cuts back investment. We show that: 1) the model can match the size of the credit risk premium even with risk-neutral lenders whose subjective default risk of the firm is consistently larger than the historically realized default risk; 2) the model generates counter-cyclical spreads and defaults, in sharp contrast to the counterfactual prediction of standard models with full information; 3) the mechanism can account quantitatively for the long-lasting widening in spreads and contraction in aggregate investment during the 2007-09 financial crisis. JEL codes: E32, E44, G12, D83


Significance Trauma due to roadside bombs is an unfortunate consequence of modern warfare and terrorist attacks. Hearing loss often occurs because the cochlea is the body's most sensitive pressure transducer. Here, we used in vivo imaging of the mouse cochlea using optical coherence tomography to show that increased endolymph volume correlates with damage to the auditory synapse. Reducing endolymph volume by increasing perilymph tonicity treated the synaptic loss. Therefore, this study identifies a treatment for noise-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, it suggests that this treatment may help patients with Meniere's disease, a disabling syndrome of vertigo and hearing loss due to increased endolymph volume. Traumatic noise causes hearing loss by damaging sensory hair cells and their auditory synapses. There are no treatments. Here, we investigated mice exposed to a blast wave approximating a roadside bomb. In vivo cochlear imaging revealed an increase in the volume of endolymph, the fluid within scala media, termed endolymphatic hydrops. Endolymphatic hydrops, hair cell loss, and cochlear synaptopathy were initiated by trauma to the mechanosensitive hair cell stereocilia and were K+-dependent. Increasing the osmolality of the adjacent perilymph treated endolymphatic hydrops and prevented synaptopathy, but did not prevent hair cell loss. Conversely, inducing endolymphatic hydrops in control mice by lowering perilymph osmolality caused cochlear synaptopathy that was glutamate-dependent, but did not cause hair cell loss. Thus, endolymphatic hydrops is a surrogate marker for synaptic bouton swelling after hair cells release excitotoxic levels of glutamate. Because osmotic stabilization prevents neural damage, it is a potential treatment to reduce hearing loss after noise exposure.


The pre-separation process for extraction solutions of paclitaxel was studied by degreasing method with methanol-water system.The effects of methanol volume fraction,degreasing time and degreasing temperature on degreasing performance were investigated through single factor and orthogonal tests.The results indicate that the influencing extents of three factors are degreasing temperaturemethanol volume fractiondegreasing time,the optimum conditions are as follows: methanol volume fraction 40%,degreasing time 10 h and degreasing temperature 12 ℃.Under these conditions,the impurity elimination rate is 31.2% and the recovery yield of paclitaxel is 89.6%.Paclitaxel in extraction solutions is satisfactorily pre-separated with a small amount of palitaxel loss.The process is effective and environment friendly with low cost and simple procedure,and can be applied in large scale.


Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., exhibit alternative male maturation phenotypes, anadromous and precociously mature parr, which commonly endure in sperm competitio ...


In this paper the identification of constant unknown parameters of a linear system is studied. Rather than finding an estimate of the parameters vector, a membership set for this vector is constructed such that any vector in this set is consistent with the measurements and noise specifications. The usual statistical specification of the noise is replaced here by energy constraints. Convergence of the membership set to a single point (the "true" vector) is studied. The convergence results are related to the convergence of the identification algorithm in the probability sense.


ANSALDO ENERGIA S.p.A. has been commissioned by ELETTRA GLT S.p.A, a company located in Trieste, Italy for the realisation of a combined cycle plant where all the main components (gas turbine, steam turbine, generator and heat recovery steam generator) are provided by ANSALDO ENERGIA. The total power output of the plant is 180 MW. The gas turbine is a V94.2 K model gas turbine dual fuel (natural gas and steelworks process gas), where the fuel used as main fuel is composed by a mixture of natural gas, blast furnace gas and coke oven gas in variable proportions according to the different working conditions of the steel work plant. The main features adopted to burn such a kind of variability of fuels are reported below: • fuel as by product of steel making factory gas (coke oven gas "COG", blast furnace gas "BFG") with natural gas integration; • modified compressor from standard V94.2, since no air extraction is foreseen; • dual fuel burner realised based on Siemens design. This paper describes the operating experience achieved on the gas turbine, focusing on the main critical aspect to be overcome and on to the test results during the commissioning and the early operating phase. The successful performances carried out have been showing a high flexibility in burning with stable combustion a very different fuel compositions with low emissions measured all operating conditions.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


We present the derivation of the 6-dimensional Eulerian Lie group of the form SO(3,C). We describe our derivation process, which involves creation of finite group by using permutation matrices, and the exponentiation of the adjoint representation of the subset representing the generators of the finite group. We take clues from the 2-dimensional complex rotation matrix to present, what we believe, is a true representation of the Lie group for the six-dimensional complex unit sphere and proceed to study its dynamics. We also derive the 6-dimensional form of the hyperbolic Lie group representing the higher dimensional exponential, apply this to special relativity considerations, and show its relation to its Eulerian counterpart. With this approach, we discover a profound link with SO(3,C) and SO(3,3) and proceed to show the isomorphism to the Lie group SU(3). The following findings will likely prove useful in mathematical physics, complex analysis and applications in deriving higher dimensional forms of similar division algebras.


In the last decade, the national opioid epidemic has yielded a 131% increase in pregnant women diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD), which is characterized by opioid abuse and dependence. Pharmacological treatments for OUD commonly involve methadone, a synthetic opioid analgesic that attenuates withdrawal symptoms. The ability to readily enter fetal circulation, accumulate in neural tissue, and cause long‐term neurocognitive sequelae, has led to concerns regarding the drug's effect on fetal brain development. Since little is known about the impact of methadone on human fetal brain development, we took advantage of the in vitro induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived human cortical organoid (hCO) technology to probe its effects on the earliest developmental stages. Our lab has demonstrated that 1‐week of chronic exposure to a clinically relevant 1μM dose of methadone leads to the suppression of synaptic transmission in 8‐ to 10‐week‐old hCOs. Therefore, we hypothesized that long term chronic exposure to methadone from the earliest stages of cortical differentiation would alter the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic development. To test this, we conducted bulk mRNA sequencing of 2‐month‐old hCOs derived from two cell lines that had been chronically treated with 1 μM methadone for 50 days. Differential expression analyses revealed a robust transcriptional response to methadone in these hCOs, with over 2000 genes that were significantly differentially expressed independently of baseline transcriptional differences between the cell lines (|FC| ≥ 1.5, p‐adj < 0.05). Gene set enrichment (GSEA) and gene ontology (GO) analyses revealed alterations in pathways associated with both structural and functional synaptic development, including the downregulation of pathways associated with primary cilia and extracellular matrix (ECM). At a molecular level, preliminary co‐expression analysis (CEMiTool) of 1063 genes associated one or more of these three cellular components yielded a primary co‐expression module of 417 genes associated with synaptic, ciliary, and extracellular matrix function that were also predicted to interact at the protein level. During brain development, primary cilia regulate the integrity and composition of the ECM, influencing synapse formation, differentiation, maturation, and refinement. These results indicate that chronic methadone changes gene expression that fundamentally alter synaptic formation and structure, potentially leading to the observed alterations in synaptic transmission.


nucleic along hard surfaces in experimental have detected ion density profiles at liquid-liquid interfaces with the use of x-ray reflectivity measurements These experiments provide direct knowledge of electrostatic interactions among ionic species


While previous works suggest the positive impact of smiles on interpersonal perceptions, this research proposes and finds that smile intensity differentially affects two fundamental dimensions of social judgments—warmth and competence. Compared to a slight smile, a marketer displaying a broad smile is more likely to be perceived by consumers as warmer but less competent. Furthermore, the facilitative effect of smile intensity on warmth perceptions is more prominent among promotion-focused consumers and in low-risk consumption contexts, while the detrimental effect of smile intensity on competence perceptions is more likely to occur among prevention-focused consumers and in high-risk consumption situations. Field observations in a crowdfunding context further indicate that the effects of smile intensity on warmth and competence perceptions have downstream consequences on actual consumer behaviors.


Hygrocybe indica sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected from Kerala State, India. Morphology-based methods and phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and nuclear large subunit (nrLSU) of the ribosomal RNA gene were employed to confirm the novelty of this species. The phylogenetic relationship inferred from independent nrLSU and nrITS sequence data matrices confirmed the difference of this new species from other species of Hygrocybe for which DNA sequences are available. The phylogenetic analyses clearly assigned H. indica to the subgenus Hygrocybe. A comprehensive description, photographs of the basidiocarps and the microstructures, and comparisons with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species and phylograms to depict the placement of the new species are provided.


A Geographical Information System (GIS) integration tool is proposed to demarcate the groundwater potential zone in a soft rock area using seven hydrogeologic themes: lithology, geomorphology, soil, net recharge, drainage density, slope and surface water bodies. Except for net recharge and slope, the other five themes are derived from remote sensing data. IRS-1B LISS-II data was used for a 631 km2 area in Midnapur District, West Bengal, India. While slope was calculated using topographic sheets, net recharge was obtained from annual water table fluctuation data. Each feature of all the thematic maps was evaluated according to its relative importance in the prediction of groundwater potential. The evolved GIS-based model of the study area was found to be in strong agreement with available borehole and pumping test data.


A 6-b 4-Gsps Flash ADC with a pipelined DCVSPG logic encoder implemented in 0.13μm digital process is reported. With ultra-high speed invertor comparators, the clocked DCVSPG encoder with Gray coding lets the ADC achieve 5.4 bits of ENOB at 11.7Mhz input signal and 4-GSPS, 1.1 Ghz of ERBW, 28mW of power consumption with 1.2v power supply, 0.088mm2 of area size, and 0.17pJ/conv. of FoM. The proposed ADC is suitable for SoC applications.


RATIONALE
Beryllium sensitization (BeS) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD) are determined by at least one genetic factor, a glutamic acid at position 69 (E69) of the HLA-DPB1 gene, and by exposure to beryllium. The relationship between exposure and the E69 genotype has not been well characterized.

OBJECTIVES
The study goal was to define the relationship between beryllium exposure and E69 for CBD and BeS.

METHODS
Workers (n = 386) from a U.S. nuclear weapons facility were enrolled into a case-control study (70 BeS, 61 CBD, and 255 control subjects). HLA-DPB1 genotypes were determined by sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction. Beryllium exposures were reconstructed on the basis of worker interviews and historical exposure measurements.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Any E69 carriage increased odds for CBD (odds ratio [OR], 7.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.66-15.84) and each unit increase in lifetime weighted average exposure increased the odds for CBD (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.26-4.09). Compared with E69-negative genotypes, a single E69-positive *02 allele increased the odds for BeS (OR, 12.01; 95% CI, 4.28-33.71) and CBD (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.42-8.43). A single non-*02 E69 allele further increased the odds for BeS (OR, 29.54; 95% CI, 10.33-84.53) and CBD (OR, 11.97; 95% CI, 5.12-28.00) and two E69 allele copies conferred the highest odds for BeS (OR, 55.68; 95% CI, 14.80-209.40) and CBD (OR, 22.54; 95% CI, 7.00-72.62).

CONCLUSIONS
E69 and beryllium exposure both contribute to the odds of CBD. The increased odds for CBD and BeS due to E69 appear to be differentially distributed by genotype, with non-*02 E69 carriers and E69 homozygotes at higher odds than those with *02 genotypes.


Making a distinction between the two concepts of explanation (tabyīn) and interpretation (tafsīr) in the study of history, the present article examines the status of traditional hermeneutics in the formation and development of history as a science (history science). Explanation means a description of how and why a series of events take place in relation to the subject being studied in light of the past specific circumstances. Interpretation (tafsīr) means the entrance of the idea (the idea adopted from the present time) of a researcher who studies a specific subject so that after explanation, he would present a systematic analysis of it.
Traditional hermeneutics, with the emphasis it has on author-orientedness and text-orientedness and regarding authentic understanding to be subject to reviving and reproducing the comprehension of the authors' text, maintains in the field of historical knowledge that history researchers should, in line with recognition of the events related to the subject of their study, do their best to revive the recognition of the contemporary historians with the events taking place and to make their ideas the basis of their understanding. Thus, the traditional hermeneutics' approach is applicable in the stage of explaining the historical subjects and helps the historians gain access to the authentic historical data, which greatly contribute to the development of history as a science.
Keywords: hermeneutics, traditional hermeneutics, history as a science, explanation, interpretation.


Project objective and organisation The overall objective of MUSE is the research and development of a future, low cost, multi-service access network that provides secure connectivity between end-user terminals and edge nodes in an open, multi-provider environment suited for the ubiquitous delivery of broadband services to every European citizen. MUSE (MUlti-Service access Everywhere) contributes to the strategic objective " Broadband for All " of the 6 th Framework Programme of the European commission. The expected impact and results of the project are a consensus about the future access and edge network by major operators and vendors in Europe. Anticipated major results include pre-standardisation work aiming at a joint position in standards bodies, as well as proof of concept demonstrators and lab trials. This should lead to a new generation of Access equipment from European vendors, which is expected to be widely deployed across Europe, as operators upgrade their current networks. The project started in January 2004 and is planned for four years. A first phase of two years is now completed and the consortium was granted a second phase of two years. The MUSE consortium consists of major European players in the field of broadband access, The project is organised in a matrix with four SPs (SubProjects) and four TFs (Task Forces): SPA is an umbrella subproject that provides the network vision to the other subprojects and task forces. It deals with the end-to-end access and edge network architecture and techno-economic studies. The other SPs are the vertical dimension of the matrix. They study detailed solutions at network element level and validate the concepts for three end-to-end deployment scenarios: SPB on migration, SPC on non-legacy scenarios, and SPD on FTTx. The TFs are the horizontal dimension of the organisation. They ensure communication and consensus in specific technical areas across the subprojects. The outputs of the task forces are common contributions to standardisation bodies, position papers, comparisons of different approaches, common specifications, and test methods: TF1 on Access and edge platforms; TF2 on First mile solutions; TF3 on Home gateways; and TF4 on Lab trials. Achievements The first year of the project was mainly focused on the definition of a multi-service access architecture, the specification of requirements for the network elements and feasibility studies of some enabling concepts. During the second year, MUSE elaborated the network architectures and started to influence standardisation with a significant number of contributions in the DSL …


In this paper, a trajectory tracking control problem for a self-driving vehicle is addressed using a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC). The solution relies on a direct multiple shooting method for discretizing the simplified differentially flat bicycle model which was used as a prediction plant to reduce the computational cost of NMPC. The solution makes use of the long prediction horizon of the NMPC, which allows safe trajectory tracking and achieving a user-specified goal location by controlling the longitudinal velocity and the steering angle. GNSS-denied navigation algorithm of the vehicle employs Visual Inertial Odometry (VIO) to obtain the position and orientation of car without using GNSS data. Simulation experiments is conducted to show the effectiveness of the system in tracking desired trajectories in high precision with speeds up to 1 m/s.


The Department of Energy is developing technology, experimental protocols, computational methods, systems analysis software, and many other capabilities in order to advance the nuclear power infrastructure through the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFDI). Our project, is intended to facilitate will-informed decision making for the selection of fuel cycle options and facilities for development.


In this paper we provide a"combinatorial"description of the category of tilting perverse sheaves on the affine flag variety of a reductive algebraic group, and its free-monodromic variant, with coefficients in a field of positive characteristic. This provides a replacement for the familiar"Soergel theory"for characteristic-0 coefficients. As an application we deduce character formulas for indecomposable tilting perverse sheaves on the affine flag variety in terms of l-Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials.


Outliers occur very frequently in survey data. Some are corrected if they are error, but some are not if they are true. The latter may spoil regression imputation by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and those with large aggregation weight may distort the figures in tabulation. In this paper, a comparison of Iterative Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) and OLS is made regarding regression imputation which explains the enterprise sales by the number of employees. Aggregation weight calibration by the IRLS weight is also discussed. The algorithm of IRLS is easy to calculate, robust to outliers in the dependent variable and therefore, estimated figures for imputation are more stable than those of OLS with existence of influential outlier. In addition to values for imputation, IRLS provides a set of data weight which reflects deviation from the regression model. We would like to propose adjusting aggregation weight with the IRLS weight so that the aggregation weight takes outlyingness of each observation into account. It prevents over-representation of rare extreme observations in statistical tables.


: The Phasor measurement units (PMUs) have become more and more attractive in power engineering as they can provide synchronized measurements of real-time voltage and currents phasors. The objective of this work is twofold: first, the optimal placement of PMUs is done in the standardized IEEE systems. Next, fault location is determined based on the measurements collected from these PMUs. The simulations are carried out using MATLAB SIMULINK. The results show that it is possible to exploit the PMU measurement data to locate and hence cure the faults in the power system.