People are able to learn a wide range of lessons from a given experience, depending on which of their cognitive abilities seem to need improvement. A theory of learning to plan should account for how and why an intelligent agent can learn such a diversity of lessons. Such a theory must address not only how and when an agent learns, but also what the agent should learn, because lessons must be formulated appropriately for the skills being improved. This thesis argues that a machine learning system must be able to dynamically determine what to learn from an experience. Making this determination requires that the system posses explicit knowledge of its own decision-making procedures, and be able to apply this knowledge in learning.
This thesis describes the scCASTLE system, which learns new rules for a variety of cognitive tasks in the domain of competitive games, in particular chess. C scASTLE's tasks include detection of threats and opportunities, plan recognition, goal generation, planning, counterplanning, and plan selection. C scASTLE uses knowledge of its planning procedures to determine which of its decision-making components are responsible for expectation failures, and uses an abstract model of planning to appropriately formulate new rules.


Most of the empirical literature has shown that public support to firm R&D activities
stimulates cooperation in innovation. However, there is not a formal model that
studies the relationship between technological policy and R&D cooperation. We
develop a principal-agent model from which we determine the structure of incentives
that the principal �in our case the government responsible for the elaboration of
technological policy programs- has to provide to the agents to stimulate R&D
cooperation. Our results show that there is a certain level of incentives that foster
cooperation in innovation. The main practical-policy implication of this result is that
R&D public subsidies can trigger a behavioral change in the organization of firms´
R&D strategies and this will depend on the amount of such funding. The theoretical
implication is that a new methodology �principal-agent model- may provide a useful
framework for analyzing the effect of technological policy on (cooperation in)
innovation.


The article analyzes the legislation about lotteries in the beginning of the XX century. Normative acts of RSFSR forbade only the device of games and the organization of gambling houses, but allowed to participate in games for the sake of entertainment, without the purpose of extraction of profit.


Background: Doppler velocimetry has become an important tool in the evaluation and management of disorders like fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, fetal anemia, and fetal hypoxia. The purpose of our study is to understand the impact of these complicated pregnancies on the changes in Doppler indices of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries of the fetus. Our study will also aim to analyze whether these changes can aid the timely recognition of fetal compromise. Materials and Methods: We have conducted a prospective observational study over a period of six months from May 2015 to October 2015 in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, India. 100 patients were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and Doppler studies of the umbilical artery and the Middle cerebral artery were done. Follow up was taken and data assimilated regarding mode of delivery, 5-min Apgar score, fetal and perinatal deaths, neonatal complications or morbidity and admission to intensive care. Results: Out of 38 patients with abnormal perinatal outcome 65.78% showed presence of umbilical artery PI value >95th percentile, and 34.22% showed PI value <95th percentile. 31.57% patients had either absent or reversed umbilical end diastolic flow. With reversed flow, 100% perinatal morbidity was observed with mortality in 75%. 25 patients (65.79%) showed MCA PI value <1 while 13 (34.21%) had PI ≥1. Among patients with abnormal perinatal outcome 55.26% showed cerebro-placental ratio <1 compared to 8.06% in normal cases. Conclusions: Doppler velocimetry complements the biophysical methods of fetal surveillance to determine more precisely the degree of fetal compromise and aids in deciding the appropriate timing of delivery of a compromised fetus. Low cerebroplacental ratio of <1 is an acute predictor of adverse perinatal outcome.


Abstract: Studies of species habitat and distribution patterns are an important prerequisite for conservation efforts, and habitat quality and integrity play a crucial role in the population health and recovery of endangered species. This is especially applicable to the snow leopard, a top predator that is key to highland mountain ecosystems. In this study, 112 valid snow leopard distribution loci obtained by infrared camera surveys in the mid-eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang were examined. Combined with 12 characteristic environmental variables, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and GIS techniques were used to analyse the potential distribution areas and suitable habitats of snow leopards in the mid-eastern Tianshan. The results showed that the total area of suitable habitat for snow leopards in the mid-eastern Tianshan was 15919 km2, and the most suitable habitat was mainly concentrated in a western patch around Wusu, Hutubi, and the southern mountains of Urumqi. The results of a Jackknife analysis showed that land cover type, the daily difference in average temperature, isothermality, slope, and altitude were important factors affecting the distribution of snow leopards. Deciduous coniferous forests, grasslands, and bare rock areas with sparse vegetation at altitudes from 2500 m to 5000 m are the areas where snow leopards have a higher probability of occurrence in the mid-eastern Tianshan. This study determined the key distribution areas of snow leopards and provides a scientific basis for establishing key areas for snow leopard monitoring and protection in the mid-eastern Tianshan.


Fault activity in an area of 500000 km2 in the western Kunlun and southwestern Tianshan Mts. was anal-ysed and interpreted based on multispectral and multitemporal satellite images. Geomorphic and microgeomor-phic features and structural assemblages on the images suggest 3 categories of active faults, recent, Late Pleis-tocene and indefinite faults. In accordance with seismic activity, earthquake risks in the area were analysed. The results showed: the active belt of the Bulunkou structural assemblage in the western Kunlun may be the cause of a series of strong earthquakes at Wuqia (Ulugqat), Artux, Jiashi (Payzawat) of the southern Tian-shan mountain in the 20th century.


To confirm the role of glycosides in the taxonomy of Frankia, 79 strains initially isolated from Alnus spp., Myrica spp., Comptonia sp., Elaeagnus spp., Shepherdia spp., and Hippophae sp. host plants were tested for relative sugar content after 2 and 8 weeks of growth. Gas chromatography was used to separate the trimethylsilyl derivatives of sugars present in whole-cell hydrolysates of the Frankia strains; six sugars were quantitatively analyzed including 2-O-methyl-D-mannose, a sugar ubiquitous in the genus Frankia. The separation of the Frankia strains into their appropriate host specificity group (Alnus or Elaeagnus), based only on the sugar content, was achieved using statistical analyses of observations at 2 and 8 weeks. All statistical analyses correlated together and showed a significant separation between both host specificity groups. 2-O-Methyl-D-mannose, the concentration of which varied greatly between the Alnus and Elaeagnus host specificity groups, was the most discriminant sugar. Moreover, i...


In a large-scale SDN, the network was effectively managed by deploying multiple controllers. In order to improve reliability and reduce delay in the existing multi-controller deployment scheme, we proposed a Multi-Controllers Elastic Placement (MCEP) algorithm based on reliability and delay. First, the multi-controller deployment problem was transformed into the row vector classification problem of the network topology matrix based on spectral clustering. Then, the k-medoids algorithm based on simulated annealing was used to classify the row vectors to achieve the flexible deployment of multiple controllers. The simulation results show that, compared with the existing algorithms, while guaranteeing low delay, the reliability of control paths increase by 17% on average.


A committee meeting was in progress. We sat on our badly varnished, scarred chairs, scratching at pub licity copy. The composition teachers of the country were to meet in the spring, and our job was to lure as many as possible to the conference; for the university at which we taught was the sponsoring institution. In the midst of our pencil nibbling, one fellow coughed softly and said: "I'm trying to get across, very subtly, of course, the thought that teaching comp is pretty dreary stuff. It's not what I want to be doing, you know. I hope they get the message." I sat back, chagrined. I had been guilty of enthusiasm; it was too late to pretend otherwise. Slowly, however, my embarrassment has turned to anger?at myself, for having allowed that disdainful sniff to unsettle me, and at my profession, for having allowed the poisonous mist of dis dain to settle over the teaching of writing at the college level. To have written is never disdained. Indeed, to be a good writer is to possess a highly regarded skill; but to teach the craft, especially to young and unskilled students, ah?that is a different matter. My committee companion doesn't disdain writing; he scorns the fumbling and inarticulate awkwardness of the students he has agreed to teach. He has plenty of company. We disdain them because they can't write;inevitably, ironically, and in large measure because of our disdain, they do not learn. Certainly there is justification for despair. The stack of papers on any freshman composition teacher's desk will provide abundant proof of that: the students are too inex perienced to make mature judgments; they haven't read enough good writing to have a feel for the structure of the complex sentence; they suffer from fuzzy thinking, poor logic, and consequently, from faulty transitions. Their spelling is unreliable, and although most of them begin a sentence with a capital letter and sprinkle end marks with fair accuracy, internal punctuation is a mystery. Since the


Carbon dioxide capture and storage has been presented as a necessary component of energy plans, because it is presumed to deliver significant environmental benefits. In this study, we systematically evaluate the environmental impact of electricity generated by natural gas and coal power plants with selected CO2 capture technologies with and without CO2 storage. To examine uncertainties that could arise from the provided environmental impacts of the applied methodology of life cycle assessment, we perform sensitivity analyses of important parameters over a large range of values. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the thermodynamic efficiencies allows evaluation of power plants with different thermodynamic performances. We find that, in plants using either natural gas or coal, post-combustion capture results in a higher environmental impact per MWh than that of business-as-usual (i.e., no CO2 capture). Furthermore, chemical looping combustion only marginally decreases the environmental impact of electri...


One of the reasons why this research is very interesting to discuss is because in this modern era, humans have forgotten a lot about the Qur'an which is the main source of life. The Qur'an is a scientific miracle that invites people to examine the verses of the Qur'an which aims to find out the miracles in it. One of the proven miracles in the Qur'an is a scientific discovery, especially that related to the wind. The wind is a real miracle and has been stated in the Qur'an. Wind if discussed in the world of science is air that moves vertically and horizontally. The things that need to be discussed in this study are how the views of the Qur'an about the wind and knowing the shape of the wind in the Qur'an. To answer these problems, a study will be conducted that refers to a qualitative approach with thematic interpretation methods. This research refers to library research. In collecting data, researchers will rely on the interpretation of Muhammad Fakhruddi>n Ar-Ra>zi> as a primary source and secondary sources are carried out by quoting and collecting verses related to the problems discussed such as books, journals that are relevant to the problem and then concluding it. After doing this research, the writer concludes that the wind has two kinds of forms, namely in the plural form of riya>h and the form of mufrod rih. Wind is the most important element for life without exception. Wind is the air you use to breathe. If there was no air, humans and animals would die. This is something that no one but Allah (SWT) can do.


The notable increase in petroleum demand, together with a decline in discovery rates, has highlighted the desire for efficient production of existing oil wells worldwide. Mainly, the productivity of the existing large oil fields makes us consider the principles of managing reservoirs to make the most of extraction. At the same time, many different uncertainties in the course of the developing oil field, including geological, operational, and economic uncertainties, have a detrimental impact on the reservoir's effective production, which is why dealing with uncertainty is crucial for maximizing output. There is a broad variety of studies on managing oil reservoirs under uncertainty information in the literature. In this study a short review of earlier works has been done on optimization strategies and management of uncertainty in reservoir production.


Phatic communion is used to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships and social status, which aims to avoid embarrassment and release the stress of exchanging information. Different languages have different phatic communions, and the phatic communion also changes as time goes by. So this article tends to explore the changes of phatic communion in China by analyzing phatic communion used in Chinese TV plays and films at different times, and figures out the change tendency and reasons for these changes.


This paper proposes the method to extract new feature vectors using the difference between the cepstrum for static characteristics and delta cepstrum for dynamic characteristics in speaker recognition (SR). The difference vector (DV) which it proposes from this paper is containing the static and the dynamic characteristics simultaneously at the intermediate characteristic vector which uses the deference between the static and the dynamic characteristics and as the characteristic vector which is new there is a possibility of doing. Compared to the conventional method, the proposed method can achieve new feature vector without increasing of new parameter, but only need the calculation process for the difference between the cepstrum and delta cepstrum. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a good performance more than 2.03%, on average, compared with conventional method in speaker identification (SI).


Abstract PERSKE PENCIL PORTRAITS: 1971-1990. Perske, M., and R. Perske. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1998, 120 pp., $20.00. Reviewed by Denise A. Ryder. ACCESSABILITY: A MANUAL FOR CHURCHES. Ramnaraine, B., and M. J. Steinhagen. Minneapolis, MN: Diocesan Office on Ministry with Persons Who Are Disabled, 1997, pp. iii & 78, $10.00. Reviewed by Joseph E. Havranek. EVERYBODY' DIFFERENT: UNDERSTANDING AND CHANGING OUR REACTIONS TO DISABILITIES. Miller, N. B., and C. C. Sammons. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes, 1999, pp. xx & 359, $21.95. Reviewed by Joseph E. Havranek. NO DISABLED SOULS: HOW TO WELCOME PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES INTO YOUR CHURCH. Pierson, J. Cincinnati, OH: Standard Publishing, 1998, 159 pp., $9.99 Reviewed by Joseph E. Havranek. THERE'S SOMEPLACE LIKE HOME: DEVELOPING AN ADULT DAY-CARE CENTER IN YOUR CHURCH. Lott, D.T., N.N. Plumb, G.D. Waters III, and J. L. Wilson. Louisville, KY: Geneva Press, 1999, pp. ix & 96. Reviewed by Rosemarie Scotti Hughes.


A continuous casting bakie impacting groove comprises a pre-cast product whose appearance, size and thickness are matched with that of the bakie impact zone, and whose top is open to ambient air, wherein the bottom thickness of the impacting groove is bigger that of the side wall, the height of the steel side wall is matched with that of the other walls, the corner connection parts of the side walls are strong angel or arc angle; the appearance of the impacting groove is matched with that of the bakie impact zone, and the cave appearance of the bakie impact zone is circular, rectangle or polygonal. The utility model has the advantages of good scour resistance and erosion resistance, non-pollution, short repair time, long life and convenient use.


P/T strategies can be seen not only at a national level, but rather at a regional level, to allow a share of the costs of their implementation, even if the different "regional" partners (countries) can have different policies, e.g. with respect to future nuclear power development. The paper gives practical examples, and points out the potential benefits of the regional approach.


Roamer-p is a search-based planner designed for parallel computers. In addition to a deterministic heuristic search, it uses multiple instances of random walks to explore the search space. The idea is inspired by the following well-observed phenomenon on best-first search: when the heuristic function is misleading or not informative, a heuristic search has to explore a large number of states without making progress in reducing the heuristic function value. This phenomenon, called "plateau exploration", has been observed and extensively studied in solving satisfiability (SAT) and constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) using search algorithms. In circumstances where the heuristic search is trapped in a plateau exploration, instead of exploring the state space in an order designated by heuristic functions, we believe that other alternative ways of exploring search space can help accelerate search. In the Roamer-p planner, we adopt a deterministic search guided by heuristic functions to explore the search space. In addition, we use random walks as alternatives to explore the state space when the deterministic search is trapped in a plateau explorations. By using random walks in parallel with the deterministic search, the Roamer-p planner increases the chance of finding states that can help exit the plateau, and therefore decrease the overall time for solving planning problems.


Lottery is a new industry in China,although there is still a big gap in this industry between China and other Countries whose lottery is maturity,but it also gives a good future.China's lottery can be grown up by expand the lottery market;upgrade lottery issue network and production innovation on lottery.Besides,the develop direction of China's lottery is: marketlize,legal systematization and pluralism diversification.


The North Melbourne Association is now sixteen years old. It is not possible to exactly measure the effectiveness of urban action groups such as the N.M.A.; but this sketchy history shows how, over the years, members have tried to carry out the original aims of the Association. These were:
1. "To initiate and, where necessary, implement action which will assist the integration, development and/or the advancement of the communal well-being of the residents of North and West Melbourne.
2. To encourage such activities as are likely to help the people of North and West Melbourne to become constructively involved in matters affecting their life and work.
3. To provide effective means of approaching State, Municipal and/or other public authorities and instrumentalities.
4. To co-operate with others, both inside and outside North Melbourne and West Melbourne, who have similar aims and interests."


A novel planar dipole antenna featuring super-shaped wing contour was designed for wireless local area network operation. The flairs of the antenna are mathematically defined by the supershape formula and one concave slot is symmetrically introduced in each flair in order two frequency bands to be formed. The substrate of the antenna is elliptically shaped and a differential feeding structure is used. The antenna exhibits very attractive performance characteristics. The bands excited fully meet the requirements of the most widely used IEEE 802.11 standards. The symmetrical characteristics of the antenna and the balanced feeding mechanism yield extremely low cross-polarization. Furthermore, the efficiency levels of the antenna achieved are higher than 98%. Also, unidirectional broadside radiation patterns are for the first time obtained from a wideband dipole antenna due to the successful introduction of a ground plane.


This paper critiques an obscure form of sustainable architecture that addresses many of the environmental, social and economic challenges facing humanity. It focuses on the work of architect, Michael Reynolds, who has been experimenting with radical house designs and construction techniques over the past three and half decades. He addresses pollution, climate change and resource depletion by the provision of self-sufficient, off-the-grid, ecological housing constructed substantially from 'waste' such as used car tyres and beverage containers. Passive heating and cooling, food production, water catchments, renewable energy, solar hot water, grey-water recycling and sewage treatment are all integrated into his designs, which he calls "Earthships – independent vessels – to sail on the seas of tomorrow".


Internet and software technology deliver significant result in number of information sources. Currently huge number and type of information are available in the net. Type of information can be in structured, semi structured and unstructured information. Format of information are from data to multimedia. Many sources information are available with high autonomy. This condition bring problem to interoperable among the information. The differences of information in syntactic, structural and semantic, will bring more complexity in interoperability. Some approaches to interoperability are needed instead of 'traditional' approaches. In this paper, some 'new' approaches are described as semantic web, ontology, and peer-to-peer. The 'new' approaches are not yet mature, but promise to provide better solution.


TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master's Degree Programme in Information Technology KOSKENALHO, ANTTI: Life Science Software Framework Alternatives in Resource Scarce Context Master of Science Thesis, 55 pages May 2016 Major: Distributed Software Examiner: Professor Hannu-Matti Järvinen


While object tracking for 3D point clouds has been widely researched in recent years, most trackers employ a direct point-to-point matching method under the assumption that target object clouds are dense, although the method is not suitable for sparse point clouds. In this paper, we introduce a novel object-tracking strategy that enables even sparse point clouds to be tracked properly. The strategy involves estimating distributions, called as Estimation of Vertical Distributions (EVD), by the proposed interpolation method to augment data and by a point-to-distribution matching technique. The EVD step generates vertical distributions of unoccupied areas on a target object using the distributions of the occupied areas and then seeks the optimal solution through a coarse-to-fine grid search to guarantee real-time performance. In order to verify the proposed tracking algorithm, we have tested our tracker on real world data collected by our own platform, and the results have demonstrated that the tracker outperforms other trackers.


The invention provides a device for judging a target entering into/exiting from an appointed area on the basis of position data. The device comprises a position data acquiring module, a position recognizing module and a judging module, wherein the position data acquiring module is used for periodically acquiring real-time position data of a target; the position recognizing module is used for confirming a present position, a previous position and a previous position state of the target in a coordinate reference system according to the real-time position data, wherein the previous position state is confirmed by the previous position relative to the positions of a first appointed area and a second appointed area in the coordinate reference system; and the judging module is used for confirming if the target effectively enters into/exits from the first appointed area at this time according to the present position, the previous position and the previous position state. According to the scheme provided by the invention, the fluctuation in the coordinate reference system caused by the error of the position data can be overcome, so that if the target practically crosses the appointed area can be accurately judged. The method has important significance in practical application.


The steady extrusion of a Newtonian liquid through an annular die and its development outside and away from the die are studied under the influence of gravitational and surface tension forces. The finite element method (FEM) is used for the simulations. The positions of the inner and outer free surface profiles are calculated simultaneously with the other unknown fields, i.e. using the Newton–Raphson iterative scheme. The effects of three relevant parameters, i.e. the Reynolds, the Stokes and the capillary numbers, on the shape of the annular film are studied for two values of the inner to the outer diameter ratio, corresponding to a thick and a thin annular film respectively. A one-dimensional model for the extrudate region, valid for thin annular films, is also presented, and its predictions are compared with the two-dimensional finite element calculations. Despite the fact that it is valid away from the die exit, the one-dimensional model predicts satisfactorily the effects of the Stokes and capillary numbers. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The laser action was firstly demonstrated using 1-cyano-trans-1,2-bis-(4′-methylbiphenyl)ethylene (CN-MBE), that enhances its fluorescence from organic nanoparticle. The CN-MBE is not fluorescent and has enhanced fluorescence in aggregated nanoparticle state. CN-MBE doped PMMA film showed fluorescence over 400 ∼ 600 nm and spectral narrowed emission at 430 nm under pumping with a nanosecond pulsed laser at wavelength of 355 nm. CN-MBE:PMMA DFB laser waveguides were successfully fabricated, and lasing wavelength was over 430 to 490 nm. CN-MBE:PMMA DFB lasers showed laser threshold of 73 µJ/cm2 at the waveguide size of 15 mm × 100 µm × 5 µm. The output spectra had bandwidth as narrow as 60 pm FWHM, and suppressed fluorescence background of less than 0.5%. The maximum peak power and average power were estimated to be 5 W and 0.35 µW, respectively. The durability was as long as 1.7 × 104 shots/waveguide.


Having reached the end of a 10-month injunction barring it from selling its botulinum toxin product in the U.S., Merz is once again launching Xeomin for the treatment of glabellar lines.


Response:

We would like to thank Dr Tsuda for the interest and comments relating to our recent publication.1 We reported that chronic treatment with AT2 receptor (AT2R) agonist CGP42112 prevented brain ischemic injury in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat. We showed evidence that AT2R stimulation preserved neuronal architecture and motor function, while suggesting that a local vasodilator component would likely contribute to the neuroprotection demonstrated. Indeed, it is well established that AT2R evokes a number of cardiovascular effects that oppose AT1 receptor (AT1 …


The authors identify the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) requirements for standardization agreements concerning combat net radio interoperability. These agreements will replace the existing liaison procedures for providing cooperation and understanding between commanders and staffs of headquarters and forces that are working together. The design and operation of an interface unit that provides voice interoperability and the plan for an interface unit that will provide both voice and data interoperability are described. The key factor in each design is that NATO members can design and build their own portion of the interface units to be compatible with their particular systems. The only requirement is that the interconnecting cable and signals over the cable be in accordance with the standard. The cable for the voice-only interface unit is a shielded multiconductor metallic cable. A fiber-optic cable has been proposed for the voice and data interface.<<ETX>>


This article explores the contribution made to the consolidation of the Argentine national project, both as a writer and a high-ranking politician, by Vicente Fidel Lopez (1815-1903), a member of the so-called Generation of '37. By focusing on some of his less well-known writings, it situates Lopez as a socially inclusive conservative and at the same time as a patrician economic nationalist. Unlike most of the historiography on Lopez, which has focused almost exclusively on his career as a historian, the purpose of the article is to distill the leading ideas of Lopez on political identity out of some of his less well-known works in the fields of linguistics, literature (historical novels), journalism and political essays. It also relates these ideas to his brief performance as national finance minister (1890-1892).


Disclosed are compositions and methods for preventing or inhibiting tumor growth, and more particularly for treating malignant tumors, using prodrugs of plant-derived compounds and derivatives. In the method, a composition comprising betulinic acid and a betulinic acid derivative is treated with betulinic acid or a betulinic acid derivative in It is administered in the form of a prodrug that is released to the tumor site in vivo .


A brief introduction to HALE-UAV leads to Unmanned Sensor Craft air vehicles. Such Craft have been proposed as the air-breathing component of a future intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) infrastructure to provide revolutionary capabilities. Sensor craft take advantage of high aspect ratio (AR) wings to improve L/D and also enclose an antenna in a diamond aircraft planform. A large proportion of fuel must be carried and "loiter" is at high altitudes for a few days in each flight thus implying a wide CL – altitude capability. Several types of high AR joined-wing aircraft configurations can be envisaged to meet the possible flight envelope. We consider designs with either aft-swept wing tips or forward-swept tips. Using computer codes, results are presented here for configurations with simple uncambered wing sections and then for configurations with designed camber and twist, trimmed for neutral stability. Laminar flow sections are considered. The designed wings display a considerable reduction in leading edge suction, yet maintain the lift, drag and near-elliptic wing loading characteristics. The forwardswept tip offers an improved spanwise loading distribution which is also "consistent" with neutral point location. Preliminary Work on Intake design aspects is illustrated. Further work is proposed in several areas e.g. detail configuration design bearing in mind the structural and aero-elastic constraints, the need for passive and active flow control, incorporation of laminar flow.


The main objective of this paper is the derivation of a set of conversion factors (CFs) that can be applied to the economic analysis of projects. The availability of the national input-output table and data provided by a study that estimated nominal protection rates for Brazil were essential for this application of the semi-input-output (SIO) method. A recent methodological development that avoids the well-known computational problem of the wages of unskilled labour not reflecting the output forgone in the economy is incorporated into the analysis.


We present an open source code to simulate entangled dynamics of open quantum systems governed by the Lindblad master equation with tensor network methods. Tensor network methods using matrix product states have been proven very useful to simulate many-body quantum systems and have driven many innovations in research. Since the matrix product state design is tailored for closed one-dimensional systems governed by the Schr\"odinger equation, the next step for many-body quantum dynamics is the simulation of one-dimensional open quantum systems. We review the three dominant approaches to the simulation of open quantum systems via the Lindblad master equation: quantum trajectories, matrix product density operators, and locally purified tensor networks. The package Open Source Matrix Product States combines these three major methods to simulate one-dimensional open quantum systems with the Lindblad master equation. We access the same underlying tensor network algorithms for all techniques, e.g., the tensor contractions optimized in the same way, allowing us to have a meaningful comparison between the different approaches based on selected examples. These examples include the finite temperature states of the transverse quantum Ising model, the dynamics of an exciton traveling under the influence of spontaneous emission and dephasing, and a double-well potential simulated with the Bose-Hubbard model including dephasing. We analyze which approach is favorable leading to the conclusion that a complete set of all three methods is most beneficial, pushing the limits of different scenarios. The convergence studies using analytical results for macroscopic variables and exact diagonalization methods as comparison, show, for example, that matrix product density operators are favorable for the exciton problem in our study.


A chest X-ray examination is a painless, non-invasive, and cost effective medical examination performed at present day. A pulmonary nodule is a small round lesion or mass in the lungs which can be indicative of an infection or a neoplasm. Chest X-rays can be used to diagnose pulmonary nodules. This paper proposes a three-layered framework to perform automatic diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. The first layer performs pre-processing of X-ray images. The second layer extracts texture features from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix. Finally, the third layer classifies whether the X-ray contains any signs of nodules using an ensemble technique called rotation forest. Experiments have been carried out on a chest X-ray dataset from the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology. The detection accuracy of the proposed system was found to be 75.6%. Satisfactory preliminary experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our computer aided pulmonary nodule diagnosis system.


Since 1978, in our Division, we treated for this pathology 11 patients aged between 18 and 60 (average 45). We always performed a transvaginal diverticulectomy, in one case with intradiverticular stone removal: while in no case did we associate a colposuspension because we never found concomitant stress incontinence, nor we discovered the presence of neoplasm in the diverticulum as reported by other authors. We did not report any complication in the postoperative period: the clinical results proved quite satisfactory; in the late follow-up, also including radiologic and profilometric investigation, no relapses occurred and no morphological or manometric alterations were observed.


Currently the network teaching video presence issues such as screen,sound,time-consuming post-production,being based on the understanding of Wirecast broadcast software,using Wirecast software related features and simple configuration,Preparatory work on instructional videos,as well as the mid-filming process for a comprehensive post-production optimization,improving the quality of video teaching network,Thereby increasing the efficiency of network learning learners.


OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determination of chlorogenic acid in Kanggan granules.METHODS The silica gel G phate was used with xylene-Ethyl acetate-70%alcohol-methanol ( 3.5 ∶ 3.5 ∶1∶ 0.6 )as developing solvent.The plate was scanned with the condition of λ s =310 nm, λ r = 245 nm zigzagly by the means of double wave-length reflection. RESULTS Linear range was 0.3 ~ 3 μg , r = 0.9988 ,recovery was 98.95% ,RSD= 1.6% ( n =4).CONCLUSIONS The method is accurate ,it can be used for thequality control of the product.


This article, which is submitted for publication in the Society's Journal by the Dairy Equipment and Standardization Committee, is the outcome of a series of discussions which have taken place during the past twelve months. The Committee wish to record their indebtedness to Mr. P. C. Bevis, of Broom & Wade Limited, who has been present at all these discussions and who has prepared numerous extended drafts which have provided the basis for the article. Mr. Bevis has also been responsible for preparing the illustrations and tables.

It is hoped that this article will fill a need in the industry, and with this in view it has been prepared in pamphlet form for general sale.


Report to the Eighteenth National Congress of Chinese Communist Party puts the promotion of ecological progress and the rule of law in the same important position.The rule of law is the mature form system and its normalization,democracy,stability,anticipation and authority make it play a prominent role in promoting the ecological progress.The legal construction of ecological progress in China has made great achievement.However,there still exist a lot of problems.We must be guided by law in both thinking and action in the effort to promote ecological progress.We should make laws in a scientific way,enforce them strictly,administer justice impartially,and ensure that everyone abides by the law.We must make sure the joint improvements of the law-based governance of the country,law-based administration and law-based action.We must make sure the integrated construction of legal country,legal government and legal society and try to promote ecological progress to further development.


Abstract The mitochondrial salvage pathway supplies deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates for mitochondrial DNA synthesis. Its rate limiting enzymes are deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) and thymidine kinase2. Mutations in these enzymes lead to several mitochondrial diseases in infants. Deoxyguanosine kinase3 (dGK3) is an isoform of dGK that was cloned from gestational day 8 mouse embryos. The objective of this study was to characterize the developmental expression of dGK3 in mouse embryos. Non-radioactive Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses were used. Expression analyses showed that the smaller sized transcript of dGK3 was expressed in embryos from gestational day 8 through day 17. Expression levels were uniform from gestational day 8 to 15 with the lowest expression on gestational day 17. Further analyses showed expression of the gene in multiple adult tissues indicating the dGK3 is not an embryonic isoform of dGK. This study is the first analysis of dGK3 expression during early development.


Background Allergic asthma is common in urban minorities and evidence suggests that environmental remediation is an effective management strategy. However, remediation requires complex interventions. The purpose of this pilot study, therefore, was to examine caregiver's recall of their child's skin test results and the accuracy of planned remediation ∼4 months after testing. Methods A Q-sort was used to determine caregiver's knowledge of the appropriate remediation for their child's allergic status. Using this method, caregivers sorted cards into piles: important for my child's asthma, not important or unsure. Each of the 52 cards represented one intervention for a common indoor allergen. Three of the 52 cards were specific to cat allergen, 3 for dog, 10 for mold and 23 for dustmite. Unlike typical Q-sorts, these cards used pictures and low-literary language. Caregivers were then instructed to place each card on a continuum of highest to lowest priority. At the conclusion of the Q-sort, caregivers received feedback on the accuracy of their prioritization in the context of their child's skin test results. Acceptability of this technique was assessed using qualitative interviews. Results Five African American women (mean age 33.6; 80% receiving public assistance) caring for 5 children (4 males; mean age 7.8) were enrolled. Caregivers recalled 4.6 positive results per child; only 4.2 positive results per child were noted. However, no caregiver recall of skin test results was concordant with actual results. Caregiver's accuracy in identifying trigger reduction strategies specific to their child's skin test results ranged from 33 to 100% for cat, 40 to 70% for molds, 70 to 87% for dust mites, and 100% for the 1 dog allergic child. No standard battery was performed; rather each test was specific to the child's history. Qualitative interviews showed Q-sort to be an acceptable way to learn about remediation. Conclusions Caregivers do not accurately recall skin test results and this may, in part, impede their ability to implement appropriate interventions. A low literacy game-style approach is a novel strategy to provide complex teaching that warrants further investigation.


The invention relates to compounds of the formula wherein the variables have the DICE in claims meanings. The compounds are suitable as UV absorbers stabilization photochemistry Cellulosic fiber materials COLORED OR NOT COLORED AND FOR THE LIFTING OF SOLAR PROTECTION FACTOR.


Biocatalysis is the term used to describe the application of any type of biocatalyst (enzymes, as isolated preparations of wild-type or genetically modified variants, or whole cells, either as native cells or as recombinant expressed proteins inside host cells) in a given synthetic schedule [...]


Correction for 'The intramolecular hydrogen bonded–halogen bond: a new strategy for preorganization and enhanced binding' by Asia Marie S. Riel et al., Chem. Sci., 2018, 9, 5828–5836.


In studying the actions of a compact group on a topological space X, one very soon arrives at the conclusion that the smaller the codimension of the largest orbit of the action the more manageable the problem becomes. For example, if G acts on euclidean n-space with an orbit of dimension greater than n 3, then G essentially acts linearly [5]. Similarly if G is a simply connected Lie group acting on itself transitively, then the action is essentially left translation. Unfortunately, this at least demands that the dimension of G itself be relatively large with respect to that of X. However, these results suggest that in order to study the action of an arbitrary compact group H on X, we might attempt to imbed this action in an action of a larger compact group G on X hence conceivably raising the dimension of the orbits. In this paper we will be concerned with the following type of problem. If H is an invariant subgroup of G' and we are given an action of G' on X, then we have associated canonically an action of G'/H on the orbit space X/H [6, p. 61]. When is the converse true? That is, given H acting on X and G'/H acting on the orbit space X/H when can we obtain a consistent action of G' on X? We will restrict ourselves throughout to the case where H acts freely on X and G' = G x H, though many of the theorems can be proved in the more general setting of [8]. With H acting freely, we arrive at the situation of a principal fibre space in the sense of Cartan. In ? 2 we study the case where G = G'/H acts transitively on the orbit space B = X/H which is then the base space of this fibre space.


This study examined the results of the diversity and inclusion (D&I) survey administered to the Association of Outdoor Recreation and Education (AORE) membership in the fall of 2016. The purpose of the study was to discover the current perceptions and experiences regarding D&I of the AORE membership, which is made up primarily of outdoor education professionals and students in higher education outdoor programs. Additionally, the study looked at current D&I programming in outdoor programs, what has been most and least successful, and what barriers may be in place for the creation of an inclusive environment for underrepresented populations. The survey included quantitative and qualitative responses. Findings and implications of the study will contribute to scholarship and practice around D&I in the field of outdoor education. Subscribe to JOREL


This paper utilizes for the first time age-structured human capital data for economic growth forecasting. We concentrate on pooled cross-country data from 58 countries over six five-year periods between 1970 and 2000. We consider specifications chosen by model selection criteria, Bayesian model averaging methodologies based on in-sample and out-of-sample goodness of fit, and on adaptive regression by mixing. The results indicate that forecast averaging and exploiting the demographic dimension of education data improve economic growth forecasts significantly.


With the peak current PWM control IC UC3842 as its core,a multifunctional flyback switching power supply is designed,which has 6 channels of isolated DC voltage output.Its operating principle and peripheral circuit are introduced.The EMI suppression circuit is designed to meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility and safety.The design of a new-type snubber circuit for transformer windings is introduced in detail and the design of its transformer is emphasized,including the calculation of Zener clamping voltage,actual duty-cycle ratio and inductance,the selection of magnetic core,and the determination of winding turns and air-gap.The negative feedback regulation of output voltage and various protective mechanisms are realized.Experimental results show that the designed switching power supply has stable voltage output,small ripple,high voltage and load regulation rates,small size,light weight and excellent electromagnetic compatibility.


This paper focuses on the problem of lung nodule image classification, which plays a key role in lung cancer early diagnosis. In this work, we propose a novel model for lung nodule image feature representation that incorporates both local and global characters. First, lung nodule images are divided into local patches with Superpixel. Then these patches are transformed into fixed-length local feature vectors using unsupervised deep autoencoder (DAE). The visual vocabulary is constructed based on the local features and bag of visual words (BOVW) is used to describe the global feature representation of lung nodule image. Finally, softmax algorithm is employed for lung nodule type classification, which can assemble the whole training process as an end-to-end mode. Comprehensive evaluations are conducted on the widely used public available ELCAP lung image database. Experimental results with regard to different parameter setting, data augmentation, model sparsity, classifier algorithms, and model ensemble validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.


"Development of Ferritic Steels for Application as Interconnect Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)" Fuel cells are considered as new energy production systems . High temperature fuel cells has experimented a large interest due to its high efficiencies much higher than that encountered for low temperature fuel cells . However, the materials requirements for high operation temperature makes that some kinds of materials are under development. One ofthese critical components are the interconnect materials . These are subjected at two different atmospheres, i.e. air and 112-1120 mixtures . The present work examines the possibility of using commercial alloys and the suitability of different model alloys developed exclusive as construction materials for SOFC interconnect . It was confirmed that none of the available commercial steels seem to be suitable for such application. Therefore, large efforts were put on the development of a new interconnect material . From this work, two suitable alloy compositions are given, which derived into two commercial (Crofer 22APU) and semi-commercial (JS3) batches that are currently under real SOFC tests . The obtained results confirm that high Cr contents are needed to overcome the high operation temperatures, ca. 800°C. At the same time, suitable additions of minor alloying elements are needed reducing the formation of volatile chromium species (Mn), strengthening the nearsurface zone of the alloy (Ti) and improving the scale adhesion (La) . Additionally, other minor alloying elements, such as Al and Si may affect strongly the oxidation behaviour for these FeCrNIn(Ti/La) type alloys, thus they should be strongly controlled .


There is a general perception regarding advertisement that advertising has a strong influence on consumer behavior. Advertisement has an imperative role in changing the social and cultural values of society. For convincing and getting consumer's attention, advertising is considered the most successful and influential way of transforming information regarding new products. The paper argues the concept of advertisement in the light of Islamic Sharia'h.  We have found no evidence of any restriction for using advertisement as a promotional tool for products however; Islam has defined a certain set of laws that should be considered while making advertisements. Moreover, this paper also highlights some unethical issues of contemporary advertisement which are prohibited in Islam.


International law regarding the denial of justice has in past centuries attracted the greatest minds of international legal scholarship. Scholars such as Hugo Grotius and Charles De Visscher have discussed the concept. The last book on this subject was published by Alwyn V. Freeman in 1938. Denial of Justice in International Law by Jan Paulsson is hence an important and necessary contribution to the study of international law, since it tries to shed new light on the subject that has been neglected in past decades. This book offers an original and comprehensive approach to one of the most salient concepts of international law. It arose from the Hersch Lauterpacht memorial lectures given by the author at the Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, in the autumn of 2003.


Due to increasing population of humans and livestock increased productivity demand is placed up on integrated crop-livestock systems. An integrated farming system consists of a range of resource-saving practices that aim to achieve acceptable profits and high and sustained production levels, while minimizing the negative effects of intensive farming and preserving the environment (Lal and Miller, 1990; Gupta et al., 2012). Within this frame work, an integrated crop-livestock farming system represents a key solution for enhancing livestock production and safe guarding the environment through efficient resource use. In integrated crop livestock farming system the waste of one enterprise becomes the input to another for making better use of resources (Tiwari, 1993). For example, crop residues can be used for animal feed, while manure from livestock can enhance agricultural productivity by intensifying nutrients that improve soil fertility as well as reducing the use of chemical fertilizers (Gupta et al, 2012).Intensification and improved efficiency of livestock production mean less green house gases per unit of milk and more milk per unit of water. The present article presented with the comprehensive review about various aspects of IFS. It helps to any investigation, as it gives an idea of crop livestock integration, their constraints opportunities also provides a basis for interpretation and discussion of the findings for the future research investigation. Abstract: Population growth, urbanization and income growth in developing countries are fuelling a substantial global increase in the demand for food of animal origin, while also aggravating the competition between crops and livestock (increasing cropping areas and reducing range lands).For sustainable development in agriculture and livestock must include integrated crop livestock farming system with efficient soil, water crop and livestock management practices, which are environmentally friendly and cost effective. In integrated crop livestock farming system, crop residues can be used for animal feed, while manure from livestock can enhance agricultural productivity. Conventional agriculture is known to causes oil and pasture degradation because it involves intensive tillage, in particular if practiced in areas of marginal productivity. Integrated Farming System (IFS) plays an imperial role for maximizing their profit and production to meet the nutritional requirement with food security with less investment. Based on the principle of enhancing natural biological processes above and below the ground, the integrated system represents a winning combination that reduces erosion, increases crop yields, soil biological activity and nutrient recycling; intensifies land use, improving profits and can therefore help reduce poverty and malnutrition and strengthen environmental sustainability. A judicious mix of agricultural enterprises like dairy, poultry, piggery, fishery, sericulture etc. suited to the given agro-climatic conditions and socio-economic status of the farmers would bring prosperity in the farming.


In this paper,we discuss the sufficient and complete statistic of negative binomial distribution,and obtain the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator with unknown parameter θ through discusslon of cramer Rao inequality and the below bound of the unbiased estimate,it is proved that unique UMVU estinote of the parameter θ is asymptotically efficient estimate.


The emission dynamics of a mode-locked laser oscillator with a nonlinear mirror based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has been investigated with regard to its spectrum and to its intensity distribution. The investigation was carried out experimentally as well as by numerical simulations. The laser yields trains of pulses with measured durations of 410 ps and energies of the single pulse of up to 2 mJ. Two theoretical models describing the complex emission dynamics of a mode-locked SBS-laser oscillator are introduced. The first model consists of spectrally resolved laser rate equations and thus describes the mode locking in the frequency domain by the superposition of the longitudinal resonator modes. The SBS-Q-switch is incorporated by a phenomenological description of the time dependent SBS reflectivity. Numerical simulations based on this model yield the evolution of a few 100 longitudinal laser modes and the corresponding intensity distribution during the course of a Q-switch pulse with 10-ps resolution. The influences of the different components on the spectrum and thus on the pulse duration will be discussed. The second model describes all occurring dynamics in the time domain providing easy access to the study of misalignment on the output dynamics. Results of numerical simulations ofmore » both models and measurement results are compared.« less


TO THE EDITOR: We describe two liver transplant patients who presented with unexplained dyspnoea and were subsequently found to have unilateral right diaphragmatic palsy, an uncommon complication of orthotopic liver transplantation. Both transplant recipients were male. One, aged 64 years, had a liver transplant in 2005 for hepatitis C-related chronic liver disease. The other, aged 66 years, had a liver transplant in 2004 for end-stage alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Both patients had presented with exertional dyspnoea several weeks after transplantation. Both were reformed smokers with no prior respiratory symptoms or established respiratory or cardiac condition. Preoperative pulmonary function tests had been essentially normal in both patients (Box 1). Chest x-rays of both patients during the postoperative convalescence period showed unilateral elevation of the right hemidiaphragm compared with the immediate pre-transplant images. (Images for Patient 1 are shown in Box 2.) Fluoroscopic study (the "sniff test") and a computed tomography scan of the chest confirmed the presence of right hemidiaphragmatic palsy in both patients. Follow-up chest x-rays and pulmonary function tests over 2 years showed no significant improvement. In both patients, the postoperative clinical course over these 2 years was characterised by recurrent hospital admissions with hypoxaemia and intercurrent respiratory tract infections, some requiring supplemental oxygen therapy, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation and invasive ventilation in the intensive care unit. Currently, one of these patients is well, apart from dyspnoea on moderate exertion. The other patient died from a cause unrelated to his diaphragmatic palsy. Unilateral diaphragmatic palsy following liver transplantation is thought to be related to traumatic crush injury to the right phrenic nerve from a clamp placed on the inferior vena cava (IVC) during surgery. The proximity of the phrenic nerve to the IVC renders it very vulnerable to this type of injury from side-toside cross-clamping of the suprahepatic IVC. In 2008, we modified our technique to avoid cross-clamping of the IVC by performing cavocavostomy, a type of "piggyback" technique that involves "side-biting" (partial clamping) of the retrohepatic IVC away from the diaphragm. Unilateral diaphragmatic palsy can reduce exercise tolerance and may place additional mechanical stress on ventilation, which could exacerbate hypoxaemia if these patients develop intercurrent pulmonary infections. Reporting on a series of patients with phrenic nerve injury after liver transplantation, McAlister and colleagues found right hemidiaphragmatic palsy in 38% of patients after transplantation, but most of the patients recovered their diaphragmatic function within 9 months. In contrast, our patients did not show any signs of recovery for over 2 years, indicating that loss of diaphragmatic function after liver transplantation may be longstanding or permanent.


Effect of dry-heat treatment on properties of corn starch was investigated. No significant changes of surface color and swelling power were observed. Blue value, water-binding capacity, solubility and degree of hydrolysis by acid or glucoamylase were increased; however, intrinsic viscosity and crystallinity were decreased as heating temperature was raised. Noticeable changes occurred between .


We read with great interest the article by Dowd et al. regarding their experience with cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma (SebC).1 As noted by the authors, SebC can mimic other conditions clinically, and even histopathologically. Although rare elsewhere, SebC is the second most common eyelid malignancy.2 Thus, we thought it appropriate to also share our experience with periocular SebC. The difficulty in diagnosing SebC remains a significant problem. The reported accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of SebC is 18.6–37.5%.3 In our experience of 27 cases over a 10-year period, agreement with the clinical diagnoses was noted in nine cases (33.3%). The 16 clinical misdiagnoses included nine other carcinomas (33.3%), five chalazia (18.5%), one actinic keratosis (3.7%), and one case marked as a tumour not otherwise specified (3.7%). The remaining two specimens (7.4%) were not given clinical diagnoses when submitted for pathological analysis. As seen in our series, and in accordance with previous studies, chalazion is one of the most common clinical misdiagnoses for SebC. In a previous review performed in our laboratory on 1060 cases clinically diagnosed as chalazion, 12 (1.1%) of them were proven to be SebC.4 The fact that SebCC usually presents as a small firm nodule resembling a chalazion must be recognized by clinicians so that all specimens are sent for definitive histopathological diagnosis. Unfortunately, the histopathological diagnosis of SebC is not less challenging. It has been reported that 40–75% of cases are incorrectly diagnosed during initial histopathological evaluation.2 SebC is commonly mistaken for other malignant tumors, namely squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).3 Less differentiated sebaceous carcinomas contain basophilic cells at the periphery of infiltrating lobules, resembling the palisading pattern of BCC, while some SebC exhibit distinct foci of keratinization, simulating SqCC.3 We corroborate the need to raise awareness among surgeons and pathologists for SebC. Moreover, we recommend that a pathologist experienced on SebC should review all atypical cases of periocular SqCC and BCC. Better recognition of clinical and pathological features leads to earlier diagnosis and treatment followed by lower mortality and morbidity associated with SebC. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR


The invention belongs to the field of water pollutant detection and treatment and particularly relates to a method for detecting the content of microcystin by the graphene oxide fluorescence quenching caused by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles. The method has high sensitivity and specificity and is suitable for the microcystin trace detection. The limit of detection of the method is lower than the standard of the world health organization.


At present, China's higher education is undergoing rapid and profound changes. From the era of text, video and multimedia to today's "Internet +" era, the trend of diverging and differentiating teaching methods is growing day by day. Supported by MOOC class, online blended teaching through the interactive integration and innovation of the system platform development, teaching design and teaching quality evaluation, effectively solves the decentralization of educational resources, the means of education limited by time and space, the single assessment method, and gradually completes the deep integration and collaborative development of teaching and learning. However, further discussion is needed on how to gradually realize the deep integration and collaborative development of online assisted teaching and offline course teaching especially during the pandemic period.


Die verursachergerechte Bepreisung des motorisierten Individualverkehrs scheitert seit Jahrzehnten an mangelnder gesellschaftlicher Akzeptanz. Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender Stauungen auf der Strasse, verbunden mit neuen verfuegbaren Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien, muessen Argumente fuer die Einfuehrung eines den Verkehr entzerrenden Preismechanismus verstaendlich, aber massiv in die Oeffentlichkeit getragen werden. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: According to transportation science-related findings, road congestion plus wear and tear, especially in the case of Germany's federal motorways, cannot be blamed only on heavy goods vehicles. Since competition nowadays is increasingly dominated by issues of time and geography-related factors tend to give way to time-related ones, traffic congestion caused by infrastructure problems is seen more than in the past as a negative element directly linked to a given location. In the case of motorized personal travel, the introduction of a general user charge linked to the actual cause and level of congestion would have a favourable effect on traffic from the aspects of time and space. For the individuals involved, any costs associated with road user charges would be balanced out by other advantages. The current traffic-related tax, which does not have any influence on the traffic as such, is to be replaced by a multi-level set of charges related directly to causes of congestion. This makes economic sense, is technically feasible and could be introduced right now. (A)


Objective:To evaluate the emphasis of serum C-reactive protein(CRP),fibrinogen(FIB) and Low density lipoprotein(LDL) that used to predict the stenosis of coronary and the stability of atherosclerotic plaque most often,so that we used it more accurate to predict them.Methods:Two hundred and forty nine patients(179men,70women;mean age 60.16),whose primary diagnosis is coronary heart disease without other organic heart disease,underwent coronary angiography were chosen.The data of LDL,CRP,FIB which detected during 12 hours from entering wuhan university were collected with the basic information of patients.The analysise based on the diagnosis that grounded the stability of atherosclerotic plaque and the extent of coronary artery stenosis which according to the Gensini's score.There are three groups on diagnosis that the control,SAP group,and ACS group.and four groups based on the interquartile of he Gensini's score.Then analyze the variability of the concentration of LDL,FIB,CRP between groups with Univariate analysis.Use Spearman regression analysis the relationship of the concentration of LDL,FIB,CRP with coronary artery stenosis.Results:1.Among the groups based on coronary artery stenosis,there were significant differences in age and low density lipoprotein(LDL),FIB among the groups 〔age(P = 0.01),LDL(P = 0.024)〕,FIB(P = 0.038)),but it is not significant in CRP(P = 0.62) between four groups.Spearman regression analysis revealed that it was positively correlated with age(OR = 0.169,P = 0.007);LDL(OR = 0.231,P = 0.001);FIB(OR = 0.149,P = 0.041).2.Among the groups based on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque,serum Creactive protein(CRP),fibrinogen(FIB) is different between groups with different diagnosis 〔age(P = 0.0002),CRP(P = 0.02),FIB(P = 0.007)〕.Conclusion:1.Age,LDL,FIB correlated with the stenosis coronary but not CRP.As the increasing of age and LDL,FIB the extent and severity of the stenosis coronary increased.Especially when serum LDL elevated over 2.590 mmol/L.2.The concentration of CRP,FIB influence the stability of atherosclerotic plaque.As the increasing of age and FIB,CRP the stability of atherosclerotic plaque decreased.


It is by nowa truism thatone of the few constants in academic computing in the last years has been the rapid rate of change in technology and the scramble to change staffing arrangements in user services to keep pace. In these days of constrained budgets and an apparent end to large expansions of staffing, user sm"ce organizations have reorganized repeatedly to meet ever-increasing demands for user services. The results of these reorganizations have not always been happy, as by the time a reorganization is wmplefe, the circumstances that precipitated the change have often themselves changed again. This paper proposes an organizational model appropriate for teaching institutions that provides user serva"cesaccording to academic disciplines and methods of discourse, rather than along more typical expertise-, systemand function-specific lines. This "vertical" approach 13designed to: to keep pace with the rapid changes in computing technology and with the ever-increasing numbers of users. The most common complaint is the lack of adequate staffing to deal with the myriad tasks of lab and system management, training, and consulting. Items such as faculty resource labs and curricular computing are often considered luxury items in such strained environments. Users often end up griping about poor provision of "basic" services even in well-staffed organizations, while staff juggle a wide range of responsibilities and, hardware and software to support. How we got to this situation should be a familiar story. Most organizations grew out of a mainframe-oriented system of a few gurus providing highly personal and expert consulting advice to a relatively small number of users performing a small range of tasks. Computers, if integrated into the undergraduate curriculum at all, were used almost exclusively for programming classes and the odd science research project. ● establish organizational stability As the number of microcomputers grew in the ● align the organizatwn of computing services 1980s, the number of microcomputer users grew– with the academic misswn of the college and so too did the demand on the user services segment of campus computing organizations. ● integrate teaching, research, administrative, Instead of one computer and one operating system, and library wmputing concerns, and most institutions support at least three basic . provide qualify serzice at realkfic levels for computers and operating systems and a staggering the end users. number of associatcxl peripherals and system . . . modifications, and scores of sof tware programs, Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material k granted prorn"ded that the c~"es are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of thepublicafion and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Assocktwn of Computing Machinery, To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee andlor specific permission. Copyright 1991 ACM 0-89791-454-6/91/0010/0411...$1.50 almost all beyond the control of computing center staff to maintain and upgrade in a comprehensive manner. Can't Get There From Here Campus computing organizations during the 80s dealt with these problems in a variety of ways. First and foremost among these was to add staff to deal with the increase in demand. Users get DOS machines, users have problems with DOS, a DOS expert is hired or developed; student computer labs are installed, a lab manager is hired; etc. Most computing organizations more than doubled the number of staff during the 1980s to deal with this increased pace. Other (continuing) means of dealing with the increase in need and demand for user service have included a greater emphasis on training and self-support (the proactive approach), increased attention to support standards for both hardware and software, chargebacks and other schemes for funding services, and a general attempt to change user expectations by specifying limits to providing services. The salad days of the 80s have ended at most institutions with the cold fiscal soup of the 90s. At many institutions, staff increases are no longer a given, budget cuts have been implemented, and in a few cases staff positions have actually been eliminated. Yet the number of users continues to increase, and many of us can now see the time very soon when every student and faculty and staff member is a computer user to one degree or another. The typical small liberal arts institution has seen the number of users increase from a few score to a few thousand. The almost universal problem in user services now is how to match existing staff with institutional need. A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME, OR THREE TITLES IN ONE YEAR The Reorganization Blues All of us have heard from some colleague who has reported to two different bosses, had three different titles, and four different job descriptions all in the past year. These extreme examples are symptomatic of reorganization-itis, the disease of computing organizations in the 1980s. Reorganizing (and re-reorganizing, etc.) the responsibilities and reporting structure of staff according to the changing technolo&y and for new staff positions is an almost universal experience in academic computing (and I'd hate to be working for the organization that didn't change during the 1980s.) Most managers would probably agree that the disruptions to both staff and the user community attendant with a reorganization, as well as the many other difficulties involved, make it a step taken only when grave necessity dictates. Before proposing a model of how I think teaching-oriented schools in particular should organize academic computing services, a brief review of some existing orgatitional schema is in order. Rather than catalog stories of reorganization insert your own story here I'd like to describe common models for organizing staff. My basic premise is that none of these structures adequately deal with the issue of how to match staff with the institutional needs of a teaching institution, and specifically with the continuing and inherent change of technology support. WHAT DOES YOUR TREE LOOK LIKE? THE LARCH. Organizational Models There are different "centers" in the Computing Center depending on the underlying philosophy (or lack thereof) by which the center is organized. (The examples below are taken from actual current liberal arts college computing organizations.)


...................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. 3 TABLE OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... 7 TABLE OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. 8 ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................. 10 CHAPTER


Australian cancer mortality from 1950 to 1977 has been analysed for trend. While mortality rates from "all causes" in both sexes are declining, there has been little decline in mortality rates from all malignant neoplasms in women, and an actual increase in male rates. Most notable are the increasing death rates from cancer of the lung, and declining death rates from cancer of the cervix.


An apparatus and a technique are described for in vitro feeding of this tick through animal-derived membranes on outdated, citrated, whole human blood. Mouse-skin and cottontail rabbit-skin membranes gave the highest feeding rates, 95.5% and 92.4% respectively. Membranes could be used a number of times without lowering the feeding rate of the ticks. Blood temperatures of 34°–35° C. and ambient temperatures of 26°–30° C. were found to be optimum for feeding ticks through membranes. The ticks fed equally well during morning and afternoon hours, and in light and dark rooms. Nymphs and adults, once established on the membranes, may become engorged in 5 and in 5 to 15 minutes respectively. Crowding by the ticks in the membrane chamber did not deter them from feeding. Coxal fluid was expelled copiously by fully engorged ticks approximately 1 to 5 minutes after the blood meal, and the fluid continued to flow intermittently for as long as 60 minutes. The presence of large quantities of coxal fluid within the membrane chamber did not deter feeding by the ticks.


A survey in a general practice in the North‐East of England in 1963 detected thyroglobulin antibodies in 16.2% of women and 4.3% of men. High titres of antibodies were found in 4.6% of women and 1.6% of men. Forty‐six subjects with thyroglobulin antibodies (from an original total of fifty‐two) were studied in 1972 and forty of these were studied further in 1975. These subjects were compared with a group of age‐ and sex‐matched controls from the original survey. Three of the subjects had developed overt hypothyroidism by 1975 and a raised serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration was found more frequently in euthyroid subjects previously found to be antibody positive. There was a striking difference in the antibody studies in that only 26% of the previously antibody positive subjects had thyroglobulin antibodies in 1972 and 30% in 1975. A raised serum TSH concentration was found to correlate with cytoplasmic antibodies and particularly with the combination of cytoplasmic and thyroglobulin antibodies.


This bachelor thesis is focused on the influence of project Multicultural School performed by Zlin District and League of Human Rights, on attitudes of elementary school pupils towards ethnical and national minorities. The thesis is divided in two parts theoretical and practical. The theoretical part characterizes multicultural education, project Multicultural School and gives a concise description of history of ethnical and national minorities that were involved in the project. The practical part deals with the research, which in clu-ded 8th grade elementary school pupils, two schools involved in the project Multicultural School and one school that was not involved in this project. The aim is to find out whether this project did or did not have an influence on attitudes of the elementary school pupils.


Early bans on coal use in London during the 14th century began a largely ineffective effort until the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 established a strong national program involving all levels of government. Until 1977, when new amendments were enacted, Congress struggled to develop acceptable tradeoffs between pollution control and industrial growth. States can now tailor their method of compliance, but inconsistencies develop in non-attainment areas spanning state borders. The Environmental Protection Agency urges interregional cooperation in air-quality planning and is currently hearing three cases of transboundary pollution. The 1980s will be a period when implementation efforts will be consolidated. (DCK)


This dissertation is concerned with the activity of personal formations, views the system of the organization in the public administration and suggests possible bigger effectiveness of the development of human resources. The labour is directed to the area of the control of human resources, as one of the basic presumptions of succsessful realization of efficent leading of this organization. In the area of personal leading follows especially formation and analysis of working stations, acquisition and selection of workers, distributing, discharging and pensioning of the workers. In the literal review are exploited teoretical findings from the Czech and foreign literature needed for purposes of this labour.


The narrator of "On the Faces of Others" recounts two memories simultaneously—in one he is stuck on an interstate highway overrun with rabbits, and in the other he accompanies his partner to a birth control clinic. As the two memories intertwine and overlap, the story offers a complex glimpse into the character's psychology and insecurities.


ABSTRACT This article explores climate disasters in the era of the Anthropocene from a gender specific crisis perspective; as conditions of unpredictable outcomes and ruination which are encroaching differentiated ramifications upon inhabitants in coastal Vietnam. The article contests the ways in which the notions of vulnerability and resilience tend to understand a disaster as an interrupting event, which could be overcome by those upon whom the damage has befallen so life can return to normal. A crisis perspective, the article argues, offers an alternative avenue to an analysis of disasters by focusing on the entanglements between a crisis of emergency and a spectrum of various crises antecedents fostered by gendered livelihoods, masculinized privileges, and violences. When various crises modalities, intensities, and temporalities intersect with one another, a crisis in context might morph into crisis as context; into a disordered order of slow harm which impedes the return to pre-disaster normalcy.


The aim of the presented investigation was to gain information about the behaviour of the initiation and growh of intercrystalline creep cracks during creep deformation from the evaluation of metallographic micrographs. The austenitic steel X10 NiCrAlTi 32 20 HT (Alloy 800 HT) was investigated by carrying out creep tests at 800 and 900°C with different nominal stresses until fracture. Additional tests are carried out on certain creep strains in the late tertiary creep stage. The creep tests are followed by a metallographic investigation of the crept specimens. The statistical distribution of the microcrack lengths was used to estimate the rate of crack initiation and crack growth. It is found that the rate of growth of the intercrystalline creep cracks in Alloy 800 HT is dependent on the applied stress and the creep strain reached. The rate of growth of long cracks was only slightly higher than that of short cracks and was lower than predictions based on fracture mechanics concepts.


In this study, a 1kW methanol steam reformer including an evaporating system was set up to study the performance of the commercial MDC-3 catalyst in carrying out the methanol steam reforming reaction. The uniform design (UD) method was adopted to locate the experiments to provide the identified model with rich information. The second-order regression model and the feedforward neural network (FNN) model were used to give the mapping between the inputs (the mole ratio of [H2O]/[CH3OH], the reacting temperature T, and the catalyst loading over methanol feed rate ) and the outputs (the hydrogen production rate , the conversion of methanol , and the yield of hydrogen ). The capability of the identified model was evaluated statistically and among the proposed models, the FNN model with four hidden nodes was found to explain the experimental data suitably including the recalls and the predictions.
During the experiments, hydrogen productivity ( FH2= 9.25×10-3 mol/s) was achieved at the condition FCH3OH=0.00386 mol/s, [H2O]/[CH3OH]=1.5 and T=562 K. This data proved that the built reactor system could provide a 1kW fuel cell with enough hydrogen consumption rate ( FH2=9.24×10-3 mol/s) if the fuel cell was operated at 70% efficiency.


ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the potential ability of sponsorship to create shareholder wealth on the basis of how the announcement of global sports sponsorships affects sponsoring companies' stock market prices. This study also seeks to illuminate previous research controversies by examining several international sports tournaments in various countries over a 10-year period. The results show that, first, investors' appreciation of sponsorships was positive, although it decreased over the year of the announcement; second, the combination of functional and national congruence produced the highest value; and, third, the stock market did not equally value all sponsorships.


The present work deals with numerical simulation of cathode spot motion in self-consistent magnetic field under the 3D problem statement plasma jets are simulated with cylinders of a small fixed diameter, the conductivity of the latter can depend on the magnetic field. Electrodes are simulated in their actual 3D geometry. Magnitude and direction of the velocity of cathode spot motion as dependent on magnetic field components are taken from experimental data on motion of a single spot. When accounting for the dependence of cathode jet conductivity on magnetic field, the conductivity is calculated on the basis of the data on single spot voltage from the same work. In this case, use can also be made of a mechanism of division of spots at the current exceeding some threshold and of their destruction at currents, lower than another threshold. Simulation has shown that the stable configuration at expansion of spot system is a ring in all cases, excepting the one of allowing for mechanisms of threshold division and destruction of spots. Time dependences of average spot system radius (relative to the electrode center) and standard deviation of the radius from the mean were obtained. In case of allowing for the mechanism of threshold division and destruction of spots, a ring is not a stable configuration any more, spots are distributed over an expanding circle in a roughly uniform manner


. Light weakly interacting particles could be copiously produced in the Sun which, as a well-understood star, could provide severe constraints on such new physics. In this work, we calculate the solar production rates of light gauge bosons (e.g. dark photon) arising from various U(1) extensions of the standard model. It is known that the dark photon production rate is suppressed by the dark photon mass if it is well below the plasmon mass of the medium. We show that for more general U(1) gauge bosons, this suppression is absent if the couplings are not in alignment with those of the photon. We investigate a few frequently discussed U(1) models including B − L , L µ − L τ , and L e − L µ ( τ ) , and derive the stellar cooling bounds for these models.


In this paper nl approach of an on-chip safety system architecture conforming to the second edition of the standard IEC 61508 is presented. The presented chip considers on-chip redundancy with the presence of diagnostic units and is designed to meet the highest possible safety integrity level for on-chip systems. The presented on-chip safety system consists of two redundant processor channels, each of which has a processor unit, data memory, program memory, communication interfaces, inputs and outputs. Furthermore, on-chip diagnosis- and monitoring units and a communication core are integrated. The safety-related implementation of the proposed architecture is introduced in this paper. This includes hardware and software implementation methodologies. Finally, a brief evaluation of the presented architecture is presented.


Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are vulnerable to security attacks that aim at disrupting routing information, exhausting nodes resources, maliciously manipulating data traffic etc. Construction of security mechanisms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks is complicated by the fact that they lack a network infrastructure and a central authority for authentication and distribution of cryptographic keys. In this paper is presented a theoretical architecture of an Artificial Immune System inspired by the vertebrate immune system. The objective of the proposed AIS is protection and reaction against known and unknown dys-functions or attacks in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network.


A workshop on defeasible reasoning with specificity was held under the arch in St. Louis during April 1989, with support from AAAI and McDonnell Douglas, and the assistance of Rockwell Science Center Palo Alto and the Department of Computer Science of Washington University.


This article looks at securitization/humanitarianization dynamics in the EU external sea borders to track and critique the substantial transformation of the role played by human rights in the Mediterranean. Mapping the evolution of maritime engagement up to the 'refugee crisis', it is revealed how the invocation of human rights serves paradoxically to curtail (migrants') human rights, justifying interdiction ('to save lives'), and impeding access to safety in Europe. The result is a double reification of 'boat migrants' as threats to border security and as victims of smuggling/trafficking. Through a narrative of 'rescue', interdiction is laundered into an ethically sustainable strategy of border governance. Instead of being considered a problematic (potentially lethal) means of control, it is re†defined into a life†saving device. The ensuing 'rescue†through†interdiction'/'rescue†without†protection' paradigm alters the nature of human rights, which, rather than functioning as a check on interdiction, end up co†opted as another securitization/humanitarianization tool.


children insert an extra wh-word in the middle of a question ('What do you think what pigs eat? ') thus creating a construction that is acceptable in German. These errors reflect the limit of the POS: as there is no German input, the error must arise from children's own innate expectations. Crain and Pietroski also engage the empiricist arguments on their own ground. They consider carefully various claims about the richness of the input, and defend the argument that the presence of a rich input does not guarantee that children can make appropriate use of it. There is no denying that empiricist approaches to language and language acquisition have made great strides in recent years. Crain and Pietroski ask us to step back for a moment and reconsider what motivates the nativist approach. The POS is a real problem in language acquisition; the arguments and data reviewed here make clear how far empiricists will have to go truly to undermine the nativist position. The presentation of a central visual cue can be used to orient subjects' attention in space (known as covert orienting). In the now classic Posner task, a cue can be a valid or invalid predictor of the location at which an event subsequently occurs. The difference in the time taken to detect the target when its location is validly cued (i.e. in the location where it actually appears), as opposed to invalidly cued, is one index of the effect of attention on information processing. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have revealed the posterior parietal cortex to have a crucial role in covert orienting, and the involvement of this same area in the planning of eye movements has led to the suggestion that covert orienting and eye-movement planning are closely related processes. Applying the same logic to other regions of the parietal cortex, areas known to be involved in forming limb-centred, rather than eye or head centred spatial representations might also be involved in mediating covert attention to motor responses. In a recent TMS study, Rushworth et al. compared these two types of covert attention: orienting in a Posner-type task, where attention is directed to a visual dimension (spatial location), and an analogous motor task where attention is directed to a motor response 1. Rushworth hypothesized that the posterior parietal cortex would be involved only in visual attention whereas more anterior parietal sites might be crucial for motor intention. …


This article is based on finite element calculation software for finite element model establishment and meshing. Through the stability calculation of the steel lining structure at the connection part of the flat tunnel manhole and main pipe in the diversion water of a high-head hydropower station, it is concluded that the structural design meets the requirements. The calculation result can be a reference for similar projects.


Seismic probabilistic risk assessments for nuclear facilities frequently use In-Structure Response Spectra (ISRS) in the calculation of fragilities of systems and components. Typically, horizontal ISRS are calculated along the main directions of seismic analysis, defined as Cartesian axes X and Y. Appreciable differences in these ISRS could arise when the direction of X and Y changes either for the seismic input or the local ISRS. It is impractical to repeat the analyses for all anticipated directions of ground motion and of equipment orientation. Thus, aiming to reduce the impact of a particular selection of X-Y axes, the authors have proposed the calculation of resultant horizontal In-Structure Response Spectra. These spectra are practically insensitive to the choice of X-Y axes. This paper describes confirmatory analyses of the "invariance" property of resultant ISRS. In addition, we contrast conventional and resultant ISRS calculated with stick and with finite element models of the same structure. It is found that the agreement between resultant ISRS from the two models is significantly more favourable than for ISRS oriented along X and Y. Therefore, resultant ISRS provide more robust estimates of seismic demand when somewhat less refined models are used in the analyses.


A proof of concept approach has been taken for the Al Shaheen Field before implementing a 4D surveillance program into the field management and surveillance. The proof of concept is not only to fully demonstrate that a 4D signal is present, but also to be able to quantitatively understand it and to derive information about the recovery processes from it. Two overlapping surveys, one acquired in 1993 (before production) and the other in 2006 showed that 4D signals could be observed in the Al Shaheen Field. In order to assess such potential a cross-discipline workflow was applied that integrates the forward modelling of seismic synthetic time changes for the two main reservoir intervals combining the in-house rock physics model with reservoir simulation models and the use of the in-house time-strain inversion algorithm. Comparison of synthetic and measured time thickness attributes showed good correspondence with regard to intensity, size, and shape of the production affected areas suggesting that the forward model successfully reproduces the actual cause of the changes. 4D seismic signals in the two main reservoirs can be related to fluid and pressure effects and consequently flood front position can be derived from seismic data.


This paper develops a control system which can identify the variable intelligent mobile robot model on-lineand Can automatically design and modify PID regulator Simulation results show that this system has highidentilication accuracy and good control effort.


The development of a safe and efficient HIV vaccine is considered a great measure/strategy to control the worldwide HIV epidemic. This project aimed to construct and evaluate the immunogenicity of recombinant 17D vaccine yellow fever viruses that express viral infectivity factor (Vif) antigens of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239. The yellow fever 17D vaccine virus has been used as a vector for vaccine prototypes for being a robust and safe immunogen. Our goal was to evaluate yellow fever 17D recombinant viruses bearing fragments of Vif (HIV/SIV) genes that were constructed with the infectious clone technology and the gene insertion in the E/NS1 intergenic region of the yellow fever 17D vaccine virus genome. We verified previously that the recombinant virus YF/Vif 1-110 original was genetically unstable, completely losing the Vif 1-110 fragment until the fifth serial passage in Vero cells. We achieved genetic stability when we deleted the Vif N-terminal domain, which was probably interfering in the yellow fever 17 D virus replication. We called YF/Vif 42-110 the virus that suffered the deletion, which is genetically stable. We also constructed the virus YF/Vif 1-110 variant, which has the same Vif fragment as YF/Vif 1-110 original but is more stable due to the changes we have made in the heterologous protein expression platform. We have included in the first block of immunogenicity evaluation the virus YF/Vif 102-214, constructed previously. We hypothesized if the viral genetic stability could increase viral immunogenicity Hence, we immunized C57BL/6 mice with two doses of the recombinant YF/Vif viruses, to evaluate the immunogenicity through the formation of memory T cells against the YF virus and Vif, and induction of neutralizing antibodies against YF virus, generated by the immunizations. The YF/Vif 1-110 variant and YF/Vif 42-110 viruses were good inducers of cellular response, but YF/Vif 42-110 showed the lowest titers of neutralizing antibody. The YF/Vif 102-214 showed good cellular and humoral response results, although it was not evaluated for specific cellular responses. The YF/Vif 1-110 variant induced a good cellular and humoral response, and the YF/Vif 1-110 original virus seemed promising according to our effector memory T cell response data, although showed low titers of neutralizing antibodies. In general, YF/Vif viruses induced different branches of immune response, where some are better inducers of cellular than humoral response and vice versa. With the YF/Vif viruses presenting these immune response features, we could not relate the genetic stability with immunogenicity, but a promising strategy for addressing both types of immune response would be to use viral formulations using two or more YF/Vif virus in the vaccination regimen.


This article evaluates to the extent which the defendants (or victims) fundamental guarantees (established  by  the  Federal  Constitution)  have  been affected  by  the  laws,  11.719/08  and 11.689/08. Together, these laws promoted a large reform of the Penal Procedural Code. The first one changed the trial procedure of most criminal cases and the second changed the trial procedure  of  crimes  against  life.  In  this  paper,  the  aim  is  to  verify  the  impact  that  this legislative  reform  of  the  Brazilian  criminal  procedure  has  operated  into  the  constitutional rights and guarantees through the analysis of the sentences produced in regard to this subject.


An edible film composed of corn starch-methylcellulose as a structural matrix and cocoa butter or soybean oil as moisture barrier was investigated for water vapour permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), and percentage elongation at breaking (E). The effect of lipid content, application technique of liquid film, drying temperature and thickness on film functional properties was studied. The ability of this coating to retard moisture transfer between low a w bakery food and surrounding atmosphere was investigated.


Atmospheric organic aerosols (OA) are complex mixtures of organic molecules that are usually highly functionalized through various oxidative processes. Understanding the volatilities and chemical c...


The method and equipment of slant shear experiment and field pull out tests are adopted to study the mixture ratio design and construction quality test of rubber asphalt waterproof adhesive layer on bridge deck. Combined with entity project,the construction technology is introduced.Laboratory test and practice show that determining the spray amount of rubber asphalt and the particle size of crushed stone by the slant shear experiment is feasible.


High chrome concentration in wastewater of traditional chrome tannage has attracted increasing attentions,and the distribution of chrome in wastewater in the processes of less chrome tanning and less chrome retanning has investigated. The results indicate that the residual chrome in chrome tanning and chrome retanning wastewater is still the main origin of chrome in effluent, but the decrease of chrome concentration in wastewater is found to be significant. It is interesting that the properties of leathers including shrinkage temperature and mechanical properties do not decrease sharply along with the decrease of chrome offer. This fact demonstrates that the chromes that effectively react with collagen have not been decreased although reducing the chrome offer. Therefore, the development of technologies of less chrome tannage and less chrome retannage that can reduce chrome offer might be an important direction in alleviation of chrome discharge in tannery.