The computer technology,communication technology and digital i nforma tization technology with the core of the network are promoting the tradit ion al library to integration and networking,and put forward new requiremen ts for the librarians at the same time.In the light of the fe atures of modern lib rary,this paper points out the quality the librarian s should have in the new p eriod.


Abstract Although newcomers to work organisations attempt to anticipate what will happen to them, there are often unexpected events and perceptions which can have a major impact. These surprises are an important aspect of their experiences. The incidence and nature of surprises experienced by 104 graduates in their first few months of employment, and the role of surprises in making sense of the new work environment, are explored. The general atmosphere at work was the most commonly reported source of surprise, whilst the nature of the work and the respondents' own feelings and reactions were least commonly reported as surprising. However, these latter two sources of surprise were relatively frequently reported as sources of graduates' single most surprising experience. Illustrations are given of the role of surprise in adjustment to work, and the results are discussed with particular reference to their implications for careers counselling.


Tourism, through its components, can be found in all areas that relate to sustainable development principles. Although it should be encouraged due to the multiplier effect that it has in the development of a region, it creates pressure on the surrounding environment like any other economic activity in the process of specific potential capitalization. This paper is aimed at determining the degree of tourism pressure, its trend and impact on tourism's sustainable development and the Romanian economy. When this pressure exceeds the ecological support capacity, negative effects occur, both on the landscape in general, and on certain tourist objectives, in particular. The assessment of this pressure and its most accurate quantification imply the use, calculation, correlation and interpolation of indicators that may summarize certain aspects related to the density of tourist fittings, tourist traffic intensity and capitalization level. Hence, the approach would be considered regionally and in terms of tourism pressure dynamics, depending on the structure of available statistical data, as well as to get a clearer picture. The authors used methods specific to geography, as well as statistical and econometric methods. The interdependence between tourism, tourism pressure and sustainability is described in the Central region. The results and observations determined with reference to the factors and indicators shown underlie the coordination of the tourism activity in the other regions according to the processes of sustainability and tourism pressure mitigation.


Economic and political challenges impact agricultural practices, production efficiency, and crop yields. We hypothesize that increased conversion efficiency of fertilizer to crop yield resulted from changes in fertilizer management in Central and Eastern European countries. Efficient nutrient management depends on fertilizer applied, management practices, and weather, which impact uptake, utilization efficiency, and crop yield. Trends in fertilizer consumption and wheat yields from 1986 to 2005 were studied for five countries. There were significant differences in yield gap, defined as the difference between potential and actual yields. Partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen fertilizer (N) is calculated from real and modified indices. A predictive metric is introduced based on the quantity of unworked, or nonproductive, N (Nuw). Sustainable cropping practices reduce Nuw and yield gap. Improved knowledge of crop responses to balanced plant nutrition at the country level contribute to improved agricultural and environmental policies and enhance production sustainability.


The small manufacturing sector has a large role in the processing of agricultural products and helps provide employment and business opportunities in an effort to encourage regional and rural development. The small industrial estate (PIK) of KOPTI Semanan in Kalideres Subdistrict, West Jakarta is one of the fermented soybean processing centers in Jakarta. In running its business, PIK KOPTI Semanan faces internal and external constraints so it has not been able to achieve business development as expected. The purpose of this research was to analyze the feasibility and sensitivity of small industry enterprises in Kalideres Subdistrict, West Jakarta. Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C) methods were employed to calculate the financial feasibility of small fermented soybean industry enterprises. While the sensitivity analysis is done by doing the scenario of decreasing and increasing cost and price. The results of the analysis indicated that the small fermented soybean industry in Kalideres District is feasible to be implemented. However, the sensitivity analysis results indicated 3 out of 5 enterprises were sensitive to decreased revenue and increased costs.


The quantum computing curriculum developed in the Freshman Research Initiative at The University of Texas at Austin caters to students who have not yet studied advanced math and science. We lower the barrier to entry by simplifying notation and teaching through application of the concepts, only covering math methods as they become necessary. Physical motivation and simulation connect with students, and embedded examples and practice problems help cement their understanding. Through learning to program in Python and completing creative technical projects, students gain valuable, transferable skills while exploring quantum information and computing.


In this paper,we study the existence and nonexistence of solutions for semilinear elliptic systems with variable coefficient gradient term.we give the necessary and sufficient conditions which ensure the existence of entire large solutions and entire bounded solutions,by using radial solution method,contradicti-on method and extremum principle.We also obtain some appropriate sufficient conditions for the nonexistence of the large solutions and entire large solutions.We find the influence of the coefficient to the solutions of the systems.


The promotion of food and drink products via food labelling plays an important role in in fl uencing health. Nutrition content claims refer to the presence or absence of a certain nutrient or substance in a food or drink and may be voluntarily added by manufacturers. Content claims have been shown to increase consumer purchasing by 75% (OR: 1.74, 95% CI [1.29, 2.35]). (1) Consumer perceptions of content claims have been explored in the past, however fi ndings from previous Australian research have been inconsistent. (2-4) The aim of this study was to explore consumer perceptions of different types of content claims, barriers and motivations to use, and the potential in fl uence content claims have on purchasing. Online focus groups were conducted, following a semi-structured guide. An inductive, re fl exive approach to thematic analysis was taken. Six focus groups were conducted, comprising of n = 26 adults, eight (31%) males and 18 (69%) females. Four main interconnected themes were generated from the data, these included (1) there are many interrelated factors that in fl uence food and drink purchasing, (2) content claims are regarded with scepticism, (3) the functional difference between content claims and health claims is unclear (4) most consumers are unaware of the regulation of content claims. Factors which were reported to in fl uence purchasing were familiarity, variety, price, time, taste, packaging, health reasons, and cul-tural, religious or ethical drivers. These factors were interrelated, likely having in fl uence simultaneously. When probed


This paper analyzes the disadvantage of the old distributed file servers and presents a soluton to a Web based mass storage distributed file server on the platform of J2EE.The distributed file server consists of one central control unit and multiple local file servers.The central control unit manages the logic information of the files as a whole.The local file servers,located in the different nodes of the Web,manage the physical data of the files.


Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) (QH09) was isolated from dead wild birds (3 species) in Qinghai, China, during May–June 2009. Phylogenetic and antigenic analyses showed that QH09 was clearly distinguishable from classical clade 2.2 viruses and belonged to clade 2.3.2.


Three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography is an important tool in the evaluation of mitral valve anatomy. We illustrate a case of a 67‐year‐old female who was admitted for non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and underwent two‐vessel coronary artery bypass grafting for surgical disease. Her two‐dimensional (2D) echocardiographic images intraoperatively demonstrated a mass on the posterior mitral valve leaflet which created a diagnostic challenge; 3D transesophageal imaging was crucial in identifying the true nature of the pathology to be mitral annular calcification with supra‐annular extension.


The present invention belongs to the field of navigation, and provides a navigation positioning method and a navigation positioning apparatus. The method comprises: receiving a positioning request, and acquiring the original positioning information of the current vehicle according to the positioning request; acquiring the currently-stored positioning information sequence, wherein the currently-stored positioning information sequence is the sequence comprising a lot of vehicle positioning information before receiving the positioning request; and according to the currently-stored positioning information sequence, correcting the original positioning information to obtain the final positioning information for determining the current vehicle position. According to the present invention, the navigation positioning information in the embodiments of the present invention can be corrected according to the currently-stored positioning information sequence, such that the detected current vehicle position can be effectively matched to the correct position, and the navigation efficiency can be significantly improved.


Objective To investigate both acyclovir and valacyclovir antivirals during when the frequency of recurrent genital herpes recurrence prevention effect.Methods To the hospital to ensure disease frequency in patients with recurrent genital herpes 62 patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group,the experimental group taking valacyclovir patients each taking Laval celecoxib Lowe dose of 500 mg,the initial three months 2 times/d,4 and 5 months 1/d,taking a patient the next day to 6 months for the control group,were each taking acyclovir dose of 400 mg,2 times /d,taking a total of six months.Were compared relapse frequency,rate of relapse within six months,the incidence of exfoliated cells detox situation,dizziness and fatigue adverse indicators.Results After the treatment of the two drugs,each index compared with patients before treatment,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05),and the situation becomes better,and the various indicators of the experimental group compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significance (P0.05),and the situation changed for the better.Conclusion Valacyclovir antivirals more than acyclovir antiviral drugs,prevention can effectively reduce the frequency of recurrent genital herpes recurrence of asymptomatic shedding frequency of relapse frequency of recurrent genital herpes and genital area.


With the exponential rise in the use of drones anywhere anytime, malicious use by outlaws is increasing as well. This calls for protective, detective, preventive measures to counter these attacks. This paper aims to review literature on drone detection and classification that utilizes a myriad of modalities ranging from using thermal infrared sensors to radar detections. In addition, there is a summary of a detailed discussion on drone classification along with recent progress and development in drone detection using machine learning, all of which is performed in an attempt to identify means to thwart such attacks. Furthermore, some future research directions, related to this new field of study, are discussed.


This paper describes a simple but general, technology independent representation for VLSI circuits which maintains connectivity, circuit schematic, and mask geometry
information. A transistor level cell is represented as the interconnection of devices along with their types, sizes and placement, and the cell's typed ports. Connection is represented explicitly by shared connection points. A file of technology dependent information indicates how to implement each transistor type, interconnect type and connection point type, as well as how structure types may
interact.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of financial development on the rural-urban income inequality in India using annual data from 1965 to 2008. Design/methodology/approach - The Ng-Perron unit root test is utilised to check for the order of integration of the variables. The long run relation is examined by implementing the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration. Findings - The results confirm a relation among the variables. Evidence suggest that financial development, economic growth and consumer prices aggravate rural-urban income inequality in the long run. Research limitations/implications - The present study offers fresh insights to policy makers on crafting appropriate policies that reduce rural-urban income inequality in India. Originality/value - The contribution of this paper is lies in extending the literature in the context of India towards an extensively researched area of rural-urban divide but in time series framework and utilization of a better approach of time series approach, i.e. ARDL. Specifically, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study to test poverty-finance nexus using the basic principles of the GJ hypothesis and provide evidence of short- and long-run dynamics on the postulated relation for India.


FSB annual dinner in Glasgow brings together MPs, MSPs, senior representatives from local government, key stakeholders and FSB members from the West of Scotland region


This qualitative study used focus groups to identify the differences and similarities in the experiences of parents of children with a disability. Two main themes emerged, showing the ways in which the mothers and fathers are alike or different. One concerns roles, actual and expected, in the various subsystems of family life. The other concerns the normalization and stigmatization that arise because of the child's problem. Mothers tend to score better interms of interpersonal and group communications. It would seem that the fathers' expectations are harder to fulfil than the mothers'. The fathers' expectations are attuned to the outer world; the actual day-to-day tasks related to the child's care are not their priority. The mothers are less demanding and their expectations are more self-focused. Interestingly, these families are similar to families of children without a disability; however,the difficulties they experience are accentuated by the presence of a child with a problem.


The Summer Science Adventures provided an opportunity for rising sophomores and juniors to study discipline specific coursework in an open inclusive environment. This paper will discuss four principles used to create a cohesive curriculum to provide thought provoking, inquiry-based courses to spark student interest, inspire learning, and build confidence.


four three and Both the concentration (HbO) in the primary visual (V1) and secondary visual cortex (V2) with a functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) males, females) resting 20 between two The behavioral showed that the performance of recognizing target letters improved when the masker type shifted from random letters to letter fragments and to random pixels, that the letter masker interfered the most with performance than the letter fragment and random-pixel maskers. The random-pixel masker caused the least masking effect. The fNIRS results showed that both letter masker and letter-fragment an in cortical oxygen Many of interest (ROIs), the visual V1 V2), more activated under the letter or the letter-fragment masking condition the random-pixel masking the differences in cortical activation between the conditions suggested that the V1 and V2 brain showed that information masking had much more interference on visual search and caused greater processing loads in primary and secondary visual cortex, compared with energy masking under the same conditions. Furthermore, the differences between letter fragments masking and letters masking are reflected in the activation mode of V1 and V2 regions.


A cover 3 is floating on a chemical 5 which is stored in a chemical tank 1, and a tape board 7 is passed through opening parts 4a and 4b, so that the tape board 7 is dipped into the chemical 5 via thecover 3. While the tape board 7 is transported via rollers 6a to 6d in a state where the tape board 7 is dipped into the chemical 5, the tape substrate 7 is subjected to chemical treatment. To perform chemical treatment while suppressing the exposure of the liquid face of a chemical to air.


A two-section equivalent circuit model with hybrid topology is proposed to model the base impedance of SiGe HBTs. The formulations suitable for implementation in compact-model are obtained. A simpler yet accurate method is also proposed to implement the hybrid two-section model. The models are implemented in Verilog-A and small-signal simulations are carried out. The proposed models predict the small-signal lateral NQS effect more accurately than the existing models.


Objective: Parental obesity is a risk factor for offspring obesity. It is unclear whether parental obesity also confers risk for obesity-associated conditions (e.g., a pro-inflammatory or prothrombotic state) in the absence of offspring obesity. Research Design and Methods: We compared concentrations of multiple biomarkers representing distinct biological pathways, (C-reactive protein [CRP], aldosterone, renin, B-type natriuretic peptide, N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) in non-obese Framingham Offspring study participants with none (n=665), one (n=488) or two (n=119) parents with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2). Results: Non-obese offspring with both parents with obesity had higher CRP levels (median: 2.16 mg/L) compared with offspring with one (median: 1.58 mg/L) or no (median: 1.35 mg/L) parents with obesity. After multivariable adjustment, a non-linear relation with parental obesity became evident: compared to people without parental obesity, CRP levels were higher in offspring with two obese parents (p=0.04) but not in offspring with only one obese parent (p=0.76). Renin levels were more linearly related to parental obesity status, being significantly higher in offspring with one (p=0.04) or two parents (p=0.09) with obesity (p=0.02 for trend). The other systemic biomarkers did not vary according to parental obesity status (all p>0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that offspring with a high risk of developing obesity have an altered biomarker profile, characterized by systemic inflammation and increased neurohormonal activity, even in the absence of obesity. This is consistent with the notion, that parental obesity may confer an increased susceptibility to other adiposity-associated traits.


Over the last decade much research has been carried out on the topic of econometric non-stationary panel data, especially because of the availability of new datasets (e.g. the Penn World Tables) in which the time-series dimension and the cross-section dimension are of the same order of magnitude. This paper presents a review of the most recent cointegration tests in a panel framework. This kind of test has been developed to extend the unit root approach to a multivariate context. Panel cointegration tests in literature are twofold, on the one hand there are those which verify the null hypothesis of no cointegration, on the other hand there are those which verify the null hypothesis of cointegration. This paper covers both sides of the subject providing insights on the applicability of these tests.


Cutaneous melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer and presents a considerable public health concern in the United States. Although the age-adjusted incidence of melanoma among US Hispanics is lower than that of non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), Hispanics who are diagnosed with melanoma are more likely to present with thicker primary tumors, metastatic disease, and lower 5-year melanoma-specific survival rates than NHWs. Melanoma risk factors and reasons for late presentation among Hispanics are not completely understood. In this review, the epidemiology and clinical presentation of melanoma in Hispanics is summarized, and recommendations for a research agenda to advance understanding of this disease in the most rapidly growing segment of the US population is provided.


Research shows that social welfare crowdfunding is in the rising stage of development in China, showing a vigorous development trend. Social welfare crowdfunding owns advantages such as accuracy and efficiency that traditional social welfare forms do not have, but problems including imperfect relevant policies and regulations, lack of supervision of social welfare crowdfunding platform, and low process transparency still exist. From the perspective of PEST-SWOT model, this paper sums up the research trends and development status of social welfare crowdfunding, deconstructs the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by social welfare crowdfunding from the aspects of politics, economy, society, and technology, and puts forward a feasible analysis of relevant development strategies to provide a reference for its future sustainable development.


Objective The present study aimed to determine whether the suicide risk increased after a cancer diagnosis. Design Population-based cohort study. Setting and participants This study incorporated the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in South Korea. Of the 975 348 subjects, 39 027 with cancer and 936 321 who were cancer free participated between 2005 and 2013. Primary outcome measure Suicide. Results A total of 110 suicides (82 men, 28 women) were identified among these 39 027 subjects with cancer during a total of 127 184 person-years; among the 936 321 cancer-free subjects, 2163 suicides were reported during a total of 8 222 479 person-years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare all-cause and suicide mortalities after cancer diagnosis following adjustment for possible confounding covariates. After adjusting for factors related to suicide, we identified an elevated relative risk of suicide among patients with cancer (HR: 1.480, 95% CI: 1.209 to 1.812). Among men, the relative risk was substantially increased among patients with lip, oral cavity/pharyngeal, colon and rectal, pancreatic and lung cancers when compared with cancer-free subjects; whereas among women, the relative risk was substantially increased among patients with colon and rectal cancers. Conclusion Our study observed an increased risk of suicide among patients with cancer that varied according to the anatomical cancer site, even after accounting for clinical comorbidities and psychiatric illness. Our findings indicate a need for social support and suicide prevention strategies for patients with cancer.


Background: UNAIDS data showed that in 2018, worldwide 36.9 million people were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There were 4,400 cases occurred among adults (over 15 years old), nearly 43% of them were women. Approximately 24% of deaths in pregnant or postnatal women in Sub-Saharan Africa are related to HIV infection. Pregnancy and postpartum are a time of persistent HIV risk and have a greater risk of death. Therefore, special attention is needed for pregnant women with HIV. This study aimed to investigate the pregnancy experience of mothers with HIV. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review using articles from PubMed and Proquest. The articles were selected from qualitative studies published from 2015 to 2018. The keywords used in this study were "pregnant HIV" OR "pregnancy HIV" AND experience*. The data were analyzed using Population, Exposure, Outcome, and Study (PEOS) design framework, PRISMA flow diagram, data extraction, the Critical Apprai-sals Skills Programme (CASP), and mapping of findings. Results: Seven articles were obtained from 378 selected articles. These studies reported that the hidden HIV status was due to lack of courage, violence, and stigma from the community. The lack of support from health workers in providing pregnancy information and care about HIV reduced anti-retrovirus therapy (ART) adherence. Support from family and peers prevented HIV transmission to infant. Pregnant mothers with HIV positive hoped that their pregnancy will be safe and healthy, and their babies would be free of HIV. Conclusion: Hidden HIV status among pregnant women remains a concern. Positive support from peers, community, and health workers, are needed to motivate pregnant women with HIV to improve their health.


The Forms of Violence: Narrative in Assyrian Art and Modern Culture by Leo Bersani and Ulysse Dutoit, New York: Schocken Books, 1986, 136 pp., 5 b. and w. ills., £17.95


New algorithms for all-frequency apparent resistivity, static corrections and Bostick transforms of CSAMT data allow real-time production of parasections of resistivity vs depth from profiles of CSAMT data. This allows rapid visualisation of 2D and 3D CSAMT model data and comparison with field data. Interactive fitting of parasections of model and field data provides an alternative to formal inversion. The process is used to model the effect of glacial erosion features in CSAMT data from Western Tasmania and assess the sensitivity of the CSAMT method to the detection of targets such as steeply-dipping graphitic and mineralised alteration zones. The approach has advantages of flagging data affected by cultural (power transmission line) noise, provides clear discrimination between effects of surficial conductive variations such as filled glacial erosion features, and discriminates between genuine dipping conductors, vertical conductors, and artefacts from near-surface effects which may generate "apparent" vertical conductive anomalies. A similar approach using CSAMT data from basalt-covered terrain in the Victorian goldfields, combined with 3D EM modelling, was successful in identifying a prospective sulfidic conductor in the Ordovician basement, beneath variably-conductive basalt cover.


Law-enforcement system as the component of public service has the certain structure of employees which carry out corresponding functions. The service in law-enforcement system is connected with various difficulties. Therefore demands much of moral and personal qualities, their emotional endurance, psychological readiness. In this connection employees require psychological support which is carried out by psychologists of law enforcement bodies.


Being supported by computer power enhancement, we can now extract component input forces from multi-body vehicle model running virtual durability test track directly. Hence, recently, fatigue analysis could get more power because input forces or component dynamic stress history could be calculated from dynamic simulation not from real test. In this paper, a virtual durability test process using multi-body dynamic simulation and fatigue analysis simultaneously is introduced. In dynamic simulation flexible bodies are considered when their natural modes conflict the frequency characteristics of road load. And, in fatigue analysis a seam weld model is considered.


22 graduate students in nursing, enrolled in a humanistic psychology course, were exposed to the principles of humanistic psychology and to a debunking of the medical model. Analyses of participants' pre-post responses on three self-report instruments indicated that the humanistic approach apparently increased students' humanistically oriented attitudes toward mental illness, positive attributions to mental patients, and reported ethical conflict in hypothesized clinical decision-making. Followup data generally confirmed the stability of these reported changes.


The invention relates to a multi-voltage electrical system (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising a generator (2), a first energy store (4), whose energy can be fed into a first low-voltage vehicle electrical system branch with at least one first low-voltage consumer (7) and whose energy a controllable switching device (6) can be fed into a second low-voltage electrical system branch with at least one second low-voltage load (8), and a second energy store (3), whose energy can be fed into a high-voltage vehicle electrical system branch and its energy via a DC / DC-converter (10) is fed into the second low-voltage vehicle electrical system branch (8), wherein the controllable switching device (6) between a first circuit configuration in which the first low-voltage vehicle electrical system branch via the DC / DC converter (10) with energy of the second energy store (3) can be fed or is fed, and a second circuit configuration in which the first Niedersp annungs-vehicle electrical system branch not via the DC / DC converter (10) with energy of the second energy store (3) can be fed or is fed, is switchable.


The late Oligocene to early middle Miocene was a period of widespread reef and associated carbonate deposition over a wide latitudinal range in the offshore region of southeast Asia. A generally rising eustatic sea level during this period allowed the accumulation of thick reefal units. An expansion of the coral-algal regional facies belt north to Japan and south to New Zealand occurred during the early Miocene as the result of a reduced oceanic latitudinal temperature gradient. An episode of enhanced organic carbon burial is reflected in a positive ^dgr13C excursion from 17.5 to 13.5 Ma. Increasing paleo-oceanographic equability may have resulted in reduced ocean circulation with the resultant development of an expanded oxygen-minimum zone. Marine oil-prone or anic carbon was deposited in silled anoxic basins both bounded by, and within, island-arc systems. A combination of tectonic and paleo-oceanographic factors, therefore, created conditions that favored contemporaneous deposition of organic carbon-rich source beds and reef reservoirs during the latest early to early middle Miocene. Paleogeographic and facies reconstructions for an 18-m.y. interval indicate that deposition occurred in three tectonic settings: (1) passive continental margins, (2) convergent plate boundaries, and (3) obliquely convergent plate boundaries. In all these settings, the vertical-motion histories of fault-bounded blocks and of larger tectonic elements within which they are contained directly controlled the geographical distribution of carbonate buildups, their scal and morphology, duration, diagenesis, and relationship to siliciclastics.


To alleviate the haze problem caused by burning straw in East China and North China Plain,the activated carbon prepared by straw was used to treat dyeing wastewater. The influences of initial pH,adsorption time,adsorption capacity were discussed. The result showed that when the conditions were controlled as follow: initial pH = 3,adsorption time was 120 minutes,and adsorption capacity was 100g / L,CAD and chroma removal rates respectively were 84. 6% and 100%. The study showed that using the activated carbon prepared by straw to treat dyeing wastewater could have a good performance,and the straw as the raw material for preparation of activated carbon,can fully enhance the efficiency in the use of straw,waste,reduce the environmental pollution caused by burning the straw.


Abstract : This paper primarily concerns the estimation of tail parameters for the marginal distribution F of the terms of a strongly mixing stationary sequence when 1-F(t) decreases exponentially, or is regularly varying as t infinity. The asymptotic properties of the Hill estimator for the exponential parameter or regular variation index are developed within this framework. Estimation procedures are investigated for tail probabilities and tail quantiles, both for the individual terms of the process and for their maxima over groups of consecutive terms. The latter case requires estimation of the so called extremal index, and substantially involves the local dependence structure of the sequence.


Excited states of ^134Ba, populated via the heavy-ion induced ^128Te(^10B, 1p3n)134Ba reaction at 46 MeV beam energy, have been studied to medium and high spins by in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy techniques. The experiment was performed at the tandem accelerator laboratory in the University of Tsukuba, Japan. The target is an isotopically enriched ^128Te metallic foil of 2.3mg/cm^2 thickness with a 3mg/cm^2 gold backing. Nine anti-Compton HPGe detectors were employed for the measurements of γ-γ-t coincidences. The level scheme of ^134Ba, deduced from this study, was shown in Fig.1.


"A brief outline of the structure of the region is followed by observations on conditions underground at the Wolf shaft at Eisleben in June 1932, which indicate that the deposits are epigenetic."


For practical purposes, we are defining acute pelvic pain as pain of less than one month_s duration. The etiology of acute pelvic pain can be divided into gynecologic, gastrointestinal and urinary tract disorders. Among the gynecologic disorders, there are those that occur in the context of pregnancy such as ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Since ectopic pregnancy is covered separately, this presentation will not deal with acute pelvic pain in the pregnant woman. Similarly, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is typically associated with pregnancy achieved by assisted reproductive techniques. Postpartum and postoperative complications presenting with acute pain are also not included in this discussion. Gynecologic disorders in the woman with a negative pregnancy test who presents with acute pelvic pain include acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), functional ovarian cysts, ovarian endometriomas and adnexal torsion. The most common gastrointestinal disorders that can present with acute pelvic pain include acute appendicitis, acute sigmoid diverticulitis and Crohn_s disease. Less common entities are inguinal/femoral hernias and epiploic appendagitis. Urinary tract conditions that are associated with acute pelvic pain include lower urinary tract infection and ureteral calculi.


textabstractThe literature has shown that it is hard to …find unambiguous evidence that financial openness yields an improvement in economic performance, particularly at the macro level. One of the major problems in empirical work is the bundling of …financial openness with a potential host of other growth-friendly reforms, and the endogeneity of the liberalization decision itself. Nonetheless, policymakers (in emerging and developing economies) have displayed a remarkable revealed preference for …financial openness, and the trend is likely to continue (Obstfeld, 2007). Accordingly, the underlying question this book has aimed to answer, is why this revealed preference?


Cars that violate the red light, and to increase the huge number of cars in violation, it is necessary to discover a system for identifying car plate numbers with the intervention of a computer, computer vision and neural networks segment and detail the number plates by designing regular algorithms to identify the number of license plates in violation. In this work, interest is in identifying the Iraqi car plate in order to know the place where the vehicle papers and the letters on which the vehicle depends and to know the location of the car were completed. The technique that was carried out in this work is to build new wavelets from polynomials by mathematical methods and discover a new algorithm using the MATLAB program to identify each number in the vehicle plate with a specific color by training a convolutional neural network (CNN) after analyzing the image using the new wavelets to identify the contents of the plate and good results have been reached. The accuracy level was reached with good values of up to 95%.


Portugal and Africa. By David Birmingham. Ohio University Research in International Studies. Africa Series No. 81. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1999. Pp. vii, 203. $20.00 paper. [Note: This is a paperback edition of Birmingham's book, which was reviewed by Pedro Machado in IJAHS 34,1 (2001), 244), Ed.] The papers collected in this volume span the history of Portuguese activity in Africa from the fifteenth to the twentieth century. With the exception of the chapters touching on Portuguese exploration and navigation in Atlantic waters, the focus of the writing is on Angola. This may disappoint the reader expecting on the basis of the title to read about all of Portugal's former African colonies. However, the book's excellent, clear, and engaging introduction to six centuries of Angolan history will more than compensate scholars of other lusophone African countries, or those with interest in Africa but little prior knowledge of Angola. For those who are already familiar with Angolan history, it is less clear what new contributions the book makes, uniting as it does articles that have almost all been previously published. Two chapters are based on unpublished lectures or conference papers, and several others were published in journals of more limited circulation, so they might have been previously overlooked. The book consists of 15 chapters primarily written as social history, with a few atypical chapters on diplomatic history, literature, and a piece of original historical fiction. The quality of writing and research is generally high, with a few pieces standing out as highlights and a few less convincing ones. Only one chapter was presented in a way that has now come to be standard practice for historical writing, with extensive footnoting of archival sources and primarily based on original research, the chapter on the Coffee Barons of Cazengo-it contains 42 footnotes, as against the usual 10 to 20 of most chapters. I found it difficult at first to allow myself to be persuaded by Birmingham's writing, without the usual references and footnotes we have come to expect. Eventually, however, I was won over by his "broad sweep" approach to history and his bold, encompassing arguments. The reader comes to feel that such an approach must draw on years of documentary scholarship and can only be employed by those scholars sufficiently advanced in their careers to be trusted. Once we suspend our suspicions, the narrative is able to take over and become convincing once more. The other distinguishing mark of Birmingham's writing in this collected volume is the extent to which he raises questions and highlights the speculative nature of much of his own musings (and by extension, sometimes explicitly, those of other historians writing on the same topics). In this respect, he allows the reader to peer over his shoulder and experience some of the process of "doing history" rather than simply reading it. These musings will surely be of interest to both established and aspiring historians of Africa and beyond. Birmingham's honesty in his speculations, however, occasionally becomes frustrating in places where he does not make it clear which of his conclusions or assertions are the questionable ones and which are made on the basis of what he considers more reliable evidence. …


This paper concerns the lowest eigenvalue $\mu(b\N^Q)$ of the
Schrodinger operator in three-dimensions with a magnetic potential
$b\N^Q$, where the vector field $\N^Q$ depends on a matrix $Q$
varying in $SO(3)$ and $b$ is a real parameter. The eigenvalue
variation problem is to minimize the lowest eigenvalue among all $Q$
in $SO(3)$. This problem arises in the phase transitions of smectic
liquid crystals. We give an estimate of the minimum value
inf${\mu(b\N^Q):~Q\in SO(3)\}$ for large $b$, and examine its
dependence on geometry of the domain surface.


The porous structure of copper-cadmium oxide system produced by electrochemical synthesis using alternating current in ammonium chloride solutions with concentrations of 3 and 25 wt% was studied. It was shown that the composition of electrolysis products is represented by oxides of copper (I) and (II), hydroxides of cadmium; it depends on the current density and the solution concentration. The products of joint electrochemical oxidation of copper and cadmium obtained in ammonium chloride solution with concentrations of 3 and 25 wt% and current densities of 1 and 3 A/cm2 are characterized by mesoporous structure.


We show that two Weyl group actions on the Springer sheaf with arbitrary coefficients, one defined by Fourier transform and one by restriction, agree up to a twist by the sign character. This generalizes a familiar result from the setting of ℓ‐adic cohomology, making it applicable to modular representation theory. We use the Weyl group actions to define a Springer correspondence in this generality, and identify the zero weight spaces of small representations in terms of this Springer correspondence.


A new processor allocation scheme for hypercube systems, called the HPA (heuristic processor allocation) strategy, is presented. In this scheme, an undirected graph, called the SC-graph (Subcube-graph), is used to maintain the free subcubes available in system, which are represented by vertices. An allocation request for a k-cube is satisfied by finding a free subcube of dimension k in the SC-graph or by decomposing a nearest higher dimension subcube. If there are more than one subcube of dimension k, a subcube which has minimum degree in the SC-graph is selected to reduce the external fragmentation. For deallocating the released subcube a heuristic algorithm is used to maintain the dimension of free subcube as high as possible. It is theoretically shown that the HPA strategy is not only statically optimal but also it has a complete subcube recognition capability in a dynamic environment. Extensive simulation results show that the HPA strategy improves the performance and significantly reduces the allocation/deallocation time compared to the previously proposed schemes.<<ETX>>


With the easing of nuclear-related sanctions on Iran by the United States, European Union and United Nations under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), signed on July 14, 2015, many foreign firms have begun to resume business with Iran. However, on October 13, 2017, President Trump announced he would not issue the certification that sanctions relief is "proportionate" to the measures taken by Iran to terminate its nuclear program. This decision has raised questions over the possible reimposition of U.S. economic sanctions. The EU, which views the JCPOA as a binding international commitment, is threatening to take action to protect its firms from reimposed secondary sanctions. No matter the actions of EU governments, EU companies might base their responses on a calculation of their economic interests in Iran versus risks to their position in U.S. markets.


The demographic trend challenges anaesthesiologists with a growing number of elderly requiring surgery. The anaesthetist needs to identify risk patients and to optimize his strategies for perioperative management. The present article gathers the current data and summarizes effective strategies for anaesthesia in patients with ischemic heart disease.


In this paper, the effect of thermomechanical processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of cold rolled samples of PdNi5 alloy was investigated for the purpose of its characterization. After melting and casting in a vacuum, a thermomechanical treatment was applied including the homogenization annealing in temperature range 800-1000C for 30, 60 and 90 minutes, cold rolling with deformation degrees of 60, 85 and 97%, recrystallization annealing in the temperature range of 200-1000C for 20, 30 and 40 minutes and electroresistant annealing at speed of 14, 16 and 24 meters per minute for the PdNi5 wire with diameter of 0.15 mm, and at speed of 18, 22 and 24 meters per minute for the PdNi5 wire with diameters of 0.111 and 0.08 mm with measurement of hardness, tensile strength, relative elongation and observing the structural changes using optical and SEM microscopy The test results of influence of parameters of thermomechanical processing on the mechanical and structural properties of the PdNi5 alloy show that the process should be led in strictly defined conditions in order to be able to use this alloy for making catalyst-catchers in high-temperature catalytic processes in the production of nitric acid.


The purpose of this study is to generalize the results of a complex clinical-laboratory, radiological and immunological study of patients with spinal tuberculosis. A comprehensive examination analysis was carried out in 192 patients with tuberculous spondy litis who were in the department of surgery for osteoarticular tuberculosis of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Tuberculosis and Pulmonology in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Severe degrees of spinal disorders were found in 48.7% of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) allow establishing the stage and activity of a specific process in the spine, as well as complications. Spinal column instability was detected in 143 (74.5%) patients, paravertebral abscesses in 116 (60.4%) patients, and epidural abscesses in 75 (39.0%) patients. Changes in immunological parameters in patients with spinal tuberculosis were associated both with impaired regulation of immunogenetic and with the direct influence of the immune system at various stages of the process. The detection of certain patterns of immune system disorders in patients with tuberculous lesions of the spine allowed us to make a differentiated approach to their treatment in order to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. It can be concluded that at present, tuberculosis of bones and joints, especially the spine, is detected in an advanced stage in 50-80% of cases and has a widespread and complicated character with profound anatomical and functional changes and the presence of severe spinal disorders in 48.7% patients in Uzbekistan. Regarding spondylitis, it is immensely important to make an accurate diagnosis based on the clinical presentations, laboratory, radiological and immunological findings and by periodic assessment of the response to treatment, which is essential in atypical cases.


The paper presents the mineralogical, crystallographic and crystallochemical characteristics of johannsenite
in the Sasa ore field. Investigations were conducted lit the Faculty of Mining and Geology. ~tip, and at the Institute
for Crystllography and Petrography in Zurich, Switzerland.


About 250 trees, representing 10 species, were collected from the Chinese Three Gorges Reservoir region as part of a study to use tree rings as indicators of environmental change in this area. Five species do not show distinct ring boundaries or cannot be cross-dated with each other. The dendrochronological potential of the remaining five species, two conifers and three hardwoods, are assessed in this paper. These five species, Cathaya argyrophylla, Cinnamomum camphora, Gordonia acuminata, Pinus massoniana, and Schefflera delavayi, have distinct annual growth rings and little occurrence of double or missing rings. Treering width and maximum latewood density chronologies from the five species range in length from 38 to 138 years. These relatively short chronologies are just long enough to conduct a preliminary dendroclimatic evaluation. Preliminary climate modeling demonstrates some significant relationships between tree-ring data and temperature, precipitation, and river flow.


Abstract Onion (Allium sativum) plants grown without iron (Fe) in sterile nutrient solutions readily developed chlorosis symptoms. Iron deficiency in the sterile‐grown plants stimulated the rates of root extracellular reduction of Fe3+, copper (Cu2+), manganese (Mn4+), and other artificial electron acceptors. While rapid reduction occurred with the synthetic chelate Fe3+HEDTA, no short‐term reduction occurred with the fungal siderophore Fe3+ferrioxamine B (FeFOB). In addition to the increased rate of extracellular electron transfer at the root surfaces, the Fe‐deficient plants showed greater rates of Fe uptake and translocation than the onion plants grown with Fe. The rates of uptake and translocation of Fe were sharply higher for the Fe‐deficient plants supplied with FeHEDTA than for similar plants supplied with FeFOB. Inhibition by BPDS of the Fe uptake by the Fe‐deficient onion plants further supported the importance of Fe3+ chelate reduction for the uptake of Fe into the roots. Rates of Fe uptake and ...


The use of multimodal approaches to articulate young children's perspectives are evident in a wide range of recent research. This paper explores the creation of multimodal map-texts as a strategy to engage with young children and articulate their perspectives. It describes the development of a flexible map-based approach that was used in home, early years and community settings with children aged 4 to 5 years in England. Illustrative examples are included in which children represented and shared their views on the image-based texts they encountered within their everyday lives through the creation of a multimodal map-text. In this approach to research, children are viewed as competent message creators whose engagements encompass a range of modes and media. Consideration was given to young children's multimodal meaning-making practices throughout the act of mapping, as well as the resulting text. Taking this approach revealed knowledge, perspectives and contextual information which may otherwise have been overlooked. The paper concludes by identifying the contribution that children's map-texts can make when building a picture of young children's experiences, and appraises the advantages and limitations of map-making as a strategy for engaging with young children in research.


Excerpt The purpose of this report is to describe a condition of acute hypersensitivity to light occurring in a patient during the earlier stages of a fatal ascending paralysis resembling the type ...


Through cooperation between the organized health care, veterinary prac titioners and the AIand milk recording organizations the health status of the Swedish dairy cows is well characterized. The number of veterinary treatments per 100 cows and year (excluding repeated calls) is more than 50 in the dairy cattle population. The udder health is gradually improving but mastitis is still by far the most treated disease, with 20 first treatments per 100 cows and year (SHS,1989). Other diseases with relatively high frequency of treat ments are parturient paresis, retained placenta, ketosis, teat injuries, hoof diseases and cysts.


Colorectal cancer screening is one of the few cancer screenings with an "A" rating from the US Preventive Services Task Force, meaning that the procedure confers a substantial health benefit. However, 40 percent of people who should receive colorectal cancer screenings do not receive them. Colonoscopies are the most thorough method of screening because they allow physicians to view the entire length of the colon and remove polyps as needed. Billing methods that distinguish between screening and therapeutic procedures have kept expected colonoscopy costs high. However, the Affordable Care Act partially closed the so-called colonoscopy loophole and reduced expected out-of-pocket expenses for all Medicare beneficiaries. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we found that annual colonoscopy rates among men ages 66–75 increased significantly (by 4.0 percentage points) after the Affordable Care Act policy change, and we found some evidence of even larger increases among socioeconomically disadvantaged men.We found no significant increases among women, a result that may be explained by health behavior and other factors and that requires further study. Our research indicates that cost may be an important barrier to colorectal cancer screening, at least among men, and that making further policy changes to close remaining loopholes may improve screening rates. A pproximately one in twenty men and one in twenty-two women in the United States will develop colorectal cancer during their lifetimes. Colorectal cancer is the third most deadly cancer, behind lung and prostate cancer for men and lung and breast cancer for women. Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer before the cancer has spread to lymph nodes have a nearly 90 percent five-year survival rate, compared to 13 percent for those diagnosed after the cancer has metastasized. Routine screening reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality by an estimated 30–60 percent. Routine screening is recommended for men and women ages 50–75 and has received an "A" rating from the US Preventive Services Task Force, meaning that it is a service that likely has substantial net benefits. There are many options for colorectal cancer screening, but colonoscopy is the only method that allows doctors to view the entire length of the colon and remove small cancers and precancerous polyps (polypectomy), and it is recommended as a follow-up when another colorectal cancer screening is positive. Approximately 40 percent of adults ages fifty and older are not up to date with colorectal cancer screening of any type, and approximately 33 percent have never had a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy (an endoscopic procedure similar to colonoscopy that allows the physician to view only doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0571


The traditional Chinese elements, which are the embodiments of Chinese culture, should be naturally applied into modern environmental art design. And the residents psychological needs should be put in the first place in the design process because their natural emotions are closely related to the national culture. So during the design process, designers are required to absorb the essence of traditional Chinese elements and to bring forth new ideas in order to make the environmental art design consistent with the development of Chinese traditional culture.


The Pacific region combines the best features of the oilpatch with three states that give operators plenty of exploration prospects and two states at the forefront of development technology. The region offers something for everyone, but it has been hamstrung by low oil prices. It looks as if the repeal on the ban on exports Alaskan oil will go a long way toward easing the low-price restriction.


While accepting that an inverse relation of some kind exists between inequality and mobility, we begin by reviewing criticisms of recent attempts by economists to express this relation in terms of income inequality and mobility – the 'Great Gatsby Curve'. This appears to be neither empirically secure nor theoretically well-grounded. Using a newly constructed European dataset, we then aim to show that if mobility is treated in terms of social class, rather than income, an inverse relation with social inequality can be suggested that is more complex but that has a stronger empirical and a more coherent theoretical basis. Our results indicate that European countries are best seen not as displaying entirely continuous variation in their relative rates of class mobility, but rather as falling into a number of comparatively high and low fluidity groups. We offer an interpretation of these results that starts out from the proposition that within societies with a capitalist market economy, a nuclear family system and a liberal democratic polity, some limit exists to the extent to which relative mobility rates can be brought towards equality. Variation in such rates can then be understood in terms of how close nations are to this limit, and whether they are moving towards or receding from it, but with different forms of inequality impacting on their fluidity trajectories in differing ways.


The aim of this research paper is to explore vocabulary learning strategies used by Second Year English Specialization Students at Yadanabon University. The objectives of this research paper are to analyze the student's vocabulary learning strategies according to Schmitt's Taxonomy and to find out the most frequently used strategies and the least frequently used strategies. In this research paper, 105 Second Year English Specialization Students studying in the second semester of 2016-2017 Academic Year at Yadanabon University are used as the participants. The 25-item questionnaire are used to ask about the frequency of the use of vocabulary learning strategies. The questionnaire used in this research are constructed by the researcher with some adaptations from Schmitt's Taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies (1997). The data are analyzed by using The Statistical Package, SPSS program and by finding out frequency percentages and means. In analyzing the data, it is found that in six categories, the participants most frequently used strategies is Metacognitive Strategies at the highest mean score (2.60) and the least used strategy is Social (Consolidation) with the lowest mean score (1.78). Nevertheless, The findings will be advantageous to teachers to develop effective vocabulary teaching and to provide students, with appropriate vocabulary learning strategies.


Water transport across the plasma membrane of epithelial cells is mediated by aquaporin (AQP) water channels. In the renal collecting duct, water is reabsorbed from the renal filtrate through apically localized AQP2 and exits the cells through AQP3 and AQP4, which are expressed in the basolateral plasma membrane, where AQP3 is the main exit pathway. The antidiuretic hormone Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) increases urine concentration via an increase in cAMP, leading to insertion of AQP2 containing vesicles into the apical plasma membrane. This instantly increases water reabsorption and urine concentration. We previously found that a short ‐ term increase in cAMP leads to an increase in lateral diffusion of AQP3, revealing short ‐ term regulation. To further study if AQP3 is regulated at the nanoscale level, we first combined single molecule detection using Photoactivatable Localization Microscopy (PALM) imaging of fixed cells with pair correlation (PC). This showed that AQP3 molecules organize in nano ‐ domains smaller than 60 nm and upon stimulation mimicking vasopressin, change organization to 60 – 200 nm sized nano ‐ domains. Thus, PC ‐ PALM revealed regulation at the nanometer resolution. Furthermore, we performed live ‐ PALM of AQP3


This research is composed of, the history and the definitions of medical libraries as well as the variations and the definitions of the electronic resources that used in academic medical libraries. Regarding the research a survey has been applied to the libriaries which belong to the medical faculties throughout the country's state and private universities. In this survey under the following headlines data is obtained; variations of e-resources that used, library staff's background, published document's status, which e-resources mostly preferred and which qualifications of e-resources mostly stressed in making the preferance. After having the survey results, the outcome of the survey has been evaluated and inferences drawn. Following the first survey one year later second successive survey has been applied, recent results of the second survey has been comparetively evaluated and additional inferences drawn regarding the changes occured within one year.


BACKGROUND: A new domain of "personal and professional development" was introduced as a core competency of health-care providers. This study aimed to explore the experiences of learners and faculty members about what competencies or skills were essential for the professional development and success of health-care providers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a qualitative study using an inductive content analysis approach in 2019–2020. In the present study, 58 academic faculty members participated by purposeful sampling including ten associate professors (17.24%) and 24 assistance professors (41.37%), in addition to 23-year medical residents (20.65%) and 4th-year nursing students (20.65%). Individual and group interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed by the inductive content analysis approach introduced by Graneheim and Lundman. RESULTS: The qualitative data were classified in 953 open codes and eight categories, which were further divided into four main categories: "socio-emotional skills," "life-long learning skills," "coping skills," and "well-being strategies." CONCLUSIONS: The present results showed socioemotional and coping skills affect interpersonal and professional interactions that contributed to their improved health-care providers' capabilities. Participants also considered lifelong learning as influential in developing professional capabilities and keeping their knowledge and skills up-to-date for accountability to duties. Moreover, using well-being strategies protects the mental and physical health of health-care providers. These skills are synergistic, and their combination can have a significant role in improving the personal and professional capabilities.


Abstract: The preparation of the two diastereoisomeric 3-methoxy-2-oxa-6-thiabicyclo-[3.2.0]heptan-4-ols 4 and 5 from D-xylose 1 via methyl 2,3-anhydro-α-D-ribofuranoside and the corresponding β-anomer is described. Oxidation of 4 and 5 yields the sulfoxides 6 and 7 and the sulfones 8. – On the other hand, the two diastereoisomeric 3-methoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-ols 11 and 12 are obtained from methyl 5-acetylthio-5-deoxy-2-O-mesyl-D-xylofuranosides 9 and 10 via Mitsunobu reaction and intramolecular cyclization. – The stereoisomeric counterparts of 4 and 5, 13 and 14, are obtained in only four steps from L-arabinose.


Insect growth and developm ent are controlled by hormones [1, 2], The horm ones were also shown to control food intake and utilization in som e insects [3-8]. Ecdysone is associated not only w ith m oult ing and m etam orphosis but also with processes preparatory to a moult, such as cessation o f feeding and the onset o f the w andering stage [9]. Recently evidence for a relationship between feeding phases, ecdysone and puparia tion [8] and an inverse rela tionship between ecdysteroid titres and total body metabolism of insects was also obtained [10]. In creased ecdysterone titres by injection were shown to lead either to reduction or cessation o f feeding in the larvae o f Calliphora vicina [8] and Galleria mellonella [10]. Although considerable inform ation on p ro tho racic gland activity, blood titres o f ecdysone and ecdysterone, its regulation and m etabolism in Locusta migratoria is available [11 -13 ], the effect o f this horm one on food intake and w eight gain o f this insect was not studied. W hether it causes effects sim ilar to those observed on feeding in holom etab-


This research aimed to compare albumin, creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients with non-severe and severe covid-19 infections. This investigation was conducted at Babylon provincial hospitals and private laboratories labs from October 2020 to December 2021. The research included 30 patients with covid-19 infection, divided into two groups. Each group contains 15 patients depending on infection severity. The serum samples were separated and stored at -20°C until the lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and albumin biological tests were performed. The outcomes revealed a substantial decrease (P=0.05) in albumin levels in severe Covid-19 patients (34.976±3.17) compared to non-severe Covid-19 patients (40±14.765). Also, a considerable increase was observed (P=0.05) in creatinine levels in severe Covid-19 patients (1.16±0.45) compared to non-severe Covid-19 patients (0.82±0.53). Finally, crucial elevation (P=0.05) in lactate dehydrogenase level of severe Covid-19 patients (913.27±213.16) compared to the group of non-severe Covid-19 patients (1437.27±251.27). Lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and albumin are employed as medical markers in severe covid-19 infection. © 2023 Author(s).


The sterilizer station is the core station in the processing of palm fruit. Where in the process of boiling oil palm fresh fruit bunches must be in the applicable boiling standard. In order to obtain high yields. To optimize the work of the boiling station, especially in horizontal boiling vessels to avoid trouble or problems that arise during boiling, an automation system is made that can regulate the amount ofsteam pressure that enters the boiling vessel with a predetermined time so that it can adjust the inlet valve, condensate valve, exhaust valve. Where this automation system utilizes the greedy algorithm method. And in this research, the implementation, testing and results of the automation system will be carried out, on a prototype that utilizes the NodeMCU microcontroller (esp32),the Web Thinger IO, and the pressure sensor.


This paper is about purpose… or, rather, the confusion of purposes. If we are to continue to invest in 'leadership development' in public services, what's the reason? How will we know, in respect of outcomes, that spending money on selected individuals will result in public value?'Value for money', 'best value', 'service excellence', 'patient/client‐centred'; the phrases spill out comfortingly, especially at leadership conferences or on management and professional development programmes. Are these mere words, or part of something big and important? Are they jargon and tokenism, or a positive, meaningful set of aspirations and goals that inform public leadership at the beginning of the 21st Century? 'Yes' and 'Yes'.


Aquaculture is an important part in food producing sector of Bangladesh. Nowadays it becomes an industry and provides nutritious food, employment opportunities, remittance, etc. to people. Aquaculture production solely depends on the quality fish seed and its decentralization throughout the country when and where necessary[1]. Aquaculture of Bangladesh absolutely depended on natural sources of fish seed during sixties and early seventies. By the time being, natural sources has been declined due to the climate change, habitat destruction and hatchery operation has been started to fill the fish seed requirement[2]. The development plants of aquaculture obviously situated in rural areas where the development objectives have to be tested for producing quality animal protein in order to meet up the malnutrition related poverty among the MGDs targeted countries having better future[3]. To fulfill the fish seed requirement especially in remote areas, to decentralize the hatchery, to minimize the cost of hatchery construction, to minimize the land use for hatchery installment, to transfer it anywhere if needed; low cost mobile hatchery (LCMH) was invented in the Aquaculture Laboratory-I, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University to produce fish seed adopted from Basak[4]. Firstly, silver barb fries were produced by LCMH as testing phase of operation. There might be a general confusion in the LCMH produced fingerling regarding growth performance compared to commercial hatchery produced fingerlings. To explore ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT


The political economy of Switzerland has attracted international attention because of the high level of affluence that has characterised the country during the post-war period. The puzzle is, of course, did economic policymaking by the government and political institutions play a major role in accomplishing the Swiss success story? Many have replied 'yes'. Here we argue that they are most probably wrong. If any actor made a decisive contribution, then it was the central bank which has not been tempted by Keynesian discretionary intervention measures but has practised monetarism in one form or another, especially a rule-based version underlining credibility in the long run. The key role of the Swiss National Bank in steering the economy towards low levels of inflation has prevailed against demands for policies to boost output and employment in the short run. However, Switzerland has a strong system of organised interests on both sides of the economy, labour and enterprise. Some argue that Switzerland has a corporatist political economy, which explains part of the success story. This is a questionable argument which needs more research. The interesting thing about Swiss corporatism is that it is neither of the strong Scandinavian type nor of the weak US kind. It is somewhere in between, which may help explain why the central bank rather than the government has prevailed when it comes to economic policy-making. Below we briefly discuss the institutions of the Swiss political economy and then focus upon the outcomes in order to substantiate our argument that this is a case of successful monetarism. We start, however, with the counterargument, namely that corporatism is the key to understanding the Swiss political economy, as favoured by Peter Katzenstein and Manfred Schmidt.


Introduction: Over the recent years, the use of a variety of complementary medicine methods hasaccelerated in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of using varioustypes of complementary medicine and the satisfaction levels in terms of treatment and the preventionof diseases in Bojnourd citizens. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study with a descriptive design was performed oncitizens over 15 years of age in Bojnourd using a multi-stage sampling method in 2015. The datawere collected by a researcher-made questionnaire used in similar studies. Subsequently, the datawere analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test in SPSS software (version 21). P-value less than0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Totally, 367 participants with the mean age of 27.28 ± 9.86 years were included in thestudy. 84.65 and 76.56 of the subjects used at least one of the complementary medicine methodsthroughout their lives or over thepast year, respectively. The most frequently used methods includedherbal medicine (72.5), cupping (29.2), spa treatments (25.6), and prayer (24.8). However,chiropractic (5.0), homeopathy (1.1), and acupressure (2.2) were among the least frequentlyused alternatives. The participants used complementary medicine to treat the most commondisorders, such as musculoskeletal problems (30.86), anxiety and mental disorders (22.96), and headache and migraine (7.4). No significant association was found between gender and variables,such as the amount and manner of using complementary medicine, and the familiarity withcomplementary medicine methods. Conclusion: Considering the high frequency of using different types of complementary medicine,especially herbal medicine, it is essential to increase people's awareness about the proper and optimaluse of these methods.


Even patients who have had the condition for up to 10 years can reverse it by losing weight and then maintaining the weight loss.


is affected by the antitrust of the Internet industry. The data in each cell represents the number of experts in the expert group who believe that the degree of impact on a certain consumer psychology is the corresponding level. It can be seen from Table 1 that the expert group believes that the two-consumer psychology of "fear of being cheated by stores" and "greed for small and cheap" are most significantly affected by the antitrust of the Internet industry, and the "pursuit of cost performance" is the least affected. The number of consumers wh ose psychological impact level is "fully affected" selected by the expert group are 16, 15 and 2 respectively. Conclusions: In order to explore the specific impact of Internet industry antitrust on consumers' psychology, this study designed an experiment based on Delphi method. The experimental results show that the expert group believes that the two-consumer psychology of "fear of being cheated by the store" and "greed for small and cheap" are most significantly affected by the antitrust of the Internet in dustry, and the "pursuit of cost performance" is the least affected. The number of consumers w hose psychological impact level is "fully affected" selected by the expert group are 16, 15 and 2 respectively. The experimental results show that the antitrust work of the Internet industry will have a certain impact on the psychology of ordinary consumers, which is mainly reflected in the price of goods and the decision-making of buying brands. Background: The main clinical manifestations of anxiety psychology include panic disorder, such as sense of near death, sense of loss of control, sense of mental collapse, and physical symptoms of panic attack, such as rapid heartbeat, diarrhea, dizziness, etc., followed by generalized anxiety disorder, which is divided into mental anxiety, physical anxiety, and motor restlessness of nerves and muscles. Anxiety is a negative and complex emotional state caused by personal possible dangers, losses and threats in the future. At present, the treatment of anxiety symptoms is mainly based on professional psychological guidance, and those with serious symptoms can adopt drug treatment. With the enrichment of China's national material life, college students ' demand for college physical education teaching is becoming more and more diversified and enriched. More and more students are eager to obtain the physical education teaching guidance of professional coach level. However, some students expect to reduce the difficulty and momentum of physical education teaching and force them to cooperate with professional teaching, which may lead to students' anxiety. Therefore, although a small number of colleges and universities have applied the professional teaching mode of sports to school physical education in practice, these schools still fail to clearly understand the impact of this teaching method on students' p sychology. The rash promotion of this teaching mode reform on a large scale is not necessarily beneficial to students. Objective: Through face-to-face interviews, consulting experts and carrying out physical education experiments, to master the impact of s ports professional teaching mode on students' anxiety psychology, and put forward some suggestions conducive to the development of sports professional teaching in colleges and universities according to the research results. education on students' anxiety psychology, this study designed a compar ative physical education teaching experiment based on questionnaire survey. The experimental results show that the SAS score data t -test P value of the two groups is 2.582, which is greater than the significance level of 0.05, and the data difference is not significant. After the experiment, there was significant difference in SAS score data between the experimental group and the control group, P value was 0.001, the data difference was significant, and the average score of the experimental group was 56.8, which was greater than 41.9 of the control group. Statistics show that physical education curriculum teaching based on sports professional teaching mode will aggravate the psychological anxiety of educated students. After interviewing students, it is found that the ma in reason for this result is that most students can't keep up with the teaching progress of professional athlete coaches. Therefore, it is suggested that colleges and universities with weak physical education foundation should carefully adopt the professional teaching mode of physical education to carry out physical education curriculum reform. Background: Psychological resilience refers to the ability of human beings to recover their psychological state in the face of psychological pressure caused by various environmental factors. Psychological resilience consists of three parts: the ability to accept and overcome reality, the ability to find the true meaning of life in times of crisis, and the ability to come up with solutions. Research shows that individual resilience is mainly affected by two factors, namely internal protection factor and external protection factor. Internal protective factors refer to some characteristics of individuals that can adjust or mitigate the impact of the crisis. For example, personality factors such as stability and internal and external tendencies, positive tendencies, positive problem solving, optimistic life, seeking novelty, trusting others and so on. External protection factors refer to the factors that can promote the successful adjustment of individuals and improve the impact of crisis. For students, the external environment includes three systems: family, school and community. Protective factors in


The invention discloses a kind of feed addictive of alternative antibiotic and its applications, and by weight percentage, which includes: single glycerol monolaurate 10~20%;Dilaurate glyceride 20~40%;Glycerin monostearate 30~60%;Carrier 0~40%.The present invention is using glyceryl monolaurate, dilaurate glyceride and glycerin monostearate as primary raw material, feed addictive obtained is compounded according to suitable proportion, can piglet cultivate in substitute antibiotics, improve piglet disease-resistant ability, promote intestinal growth and function of intestinal canal perfect, significantly improve daily gain and feed intake, significantly reduce diarrhea rate and death and culling rate, it improves food conversion ratio, enhancing development improves economic benefit of aquaculture, reduces antibiotic usage, it reduces environmental pollution, may advantageously facilitate pig breeding industry green, safe and healthy development.


INBA slag granulation technique is used to treat molten slag on 2500 m 3 blast furnace at Magang After trial,some important conclusions were obtained and then the technique was optimized successfully


The introduction of Software Defined Networking as a panacea to the global demand for a more secure and highly dependable internet infrastructure has also brought along security issues. The adoption of OpenFlow Protocol (OFP) by SDN as the way of communication between controllers and switches has not only brought about easy and direct manipulation of data for enhanced packet forwarding policies, but also renders the network vulnerable to security issues (DDOS attacks) since the OF switch has to ask the controller to install new rules for any new incoming packet. In this paper, we prove that SDN is capable of handling security threats that arise from the above vulnerability. We implement a DDOS detection module that detects and blocks SYN flood attacks aimed to destabilize the flow of normal network traffic among users in a software-defined networking environment.


Objective To explore the expression of MUC1,MUC2 and MUC5AC in large intestinal mucoid adenocarcinoma.Methods The immunohistochemical method(SP) was used to assay the expression of MUC1,MUC2 and MUC5AC in 40 large intestinal mucoid adenocarcinoma.Results In large intestinal mucoid adenocarcinoma tissues MUC1,MUC2 and MUC5AC expression rates were 55.0%,82.5% and 77.5% respectively.The expression of MUC1,MUC2 and MUC5AC in large intestinal mucoid adenocarcinoma tissues was unrelated to tumor,s size and differentiation(P0.05).However,MUC1 expression in large intestinal mucoid adenocarcinoma was negative correlated to the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,and Dukes staging,where MUC2 and MUC5AC expression was positive correlated to the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,and Dukes staging.Conclusion Expression of MUC1,MUC2 and MUC5AC can predict invasive and metastatic potential of large intestinal mucoid adenocarcinoma.


Graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate and ethylene oxide have been prepared with a methacrylate backbone and poly(ethylene oxide) grafts of 54 ethylene oxide units. Three copolymers with differen...


【Objective】 The objective of this study aimed at the effects of hedgerow species on ground-dwelling spider population in agricultural fields. 【Method】 Using pitfall trapping, the effects of four hedgerow plant species, which serve as undisturbed and permanent semi-natural habitats, on ground-dwelling spider activity density (a parameter of population density and relative activity) were investigated. Samples were collected over two winter wheat and two summer maize growing seasons during 2005-2007 in trial field 1 (slope gradient of 20%) and field 2 (slope gradient of 12%) at the Ziyang Experimental Site in Sichuan Province, China. The hedgerow species evaluated were Amorpha fruticosa (field 1), Vetiveria zizanioides (field 1), Eulaliopsis binata (field 2), and Medicago sativa (field 2). 【Result】 Activity density of ground-dwelling spiders was significantly higher in the hedgerow strips than in the bare soil strips during the winter wheat season. Activity density of ground-dwelling spiders was also higher in the hedgerow strips than in the bare soil strips during the summer maize season, however, activity density differed significantly only between Eulaliopsis and Medicago strips and bare soil strips. No significant difference was found in activity density of ground-dwelling spiders in the crop fields between hedgerow and control plots during the winter wheat or summer maize seasons.【Conclusion】The results suggest that hedgerows could serve as important overwintering sites for ground-dwelling spiders during the winter wheat season. However, the presence of hedgerow strips did not significantly increase the activity density of ground-dwelling spiders within the crop fields.


In the surface layer soil system sampling investigation foundation,the correlation the irrigation water,the tap water as well as the soil organic matter and the atmospheric falling dust and so on were tested.The analysis results show that the soil,in Song home town of Cuiping aera,Yibin city town exist metallic element exceeding the allowed figure tendency,in particular cadmium(Cd) element.Using the geological accumulation exponential method and the pollution degree analysis carries on the appraisal and the analysis to Song home town area soil quality,for this area soil resources,the environment appraisal and the agricultural economy development plan has provided the practical geochemistry information.


More than 400 underwater sites in and around the U.S. are potentially contaminated with hazardous undetonated munitions due to military testing activities [1]. The main remediation methods currently employed are 1. sending divers to manually retrieve the munitions and 2. blowing the munitions in place. Manual remediation is dangerous to the divers and blow-in-place strategies are environmentally damaging and harmful to nearby marine life. Teleoperation is an alternative remediation method that does not put people's lives at risk, and, if successfully carried out, is environmentally friendly. However, traditional teleoperation methods suffer from unintuitive and ineffective operator input control due to limitations such as poor depth perception by viewing the worksite from 2D displays and poor operator input control methods by using awkward input devices. Virtual reality interfaces immerse users in simulated environments and allow them to view and interact with simulated objects naturally. In this work, intuitive and effective input control methods based on Virtual Reality were designed and implemented as a ROS (Robot Operating System) package to teleoperate a robot arm for the remediation of underwater munitions using commercial off-the-shelf VR hardware. The control methods and ROS package are generalizable for other telerobotic applications.


ABSTRACT Although some similarities are evident in manifestations, etiology and coping, research suggests that cultural variations may explain different reactions to workplace violence. This study explores similarities and differences between Italian and Irish workers' well-being in relation to robberies and theft exposure. A sample of Italian (N = 319) and Irish (N = 251) employees working in small businesses completed a self-report questionnaire examining post-traumatic symptoms and trauma-related coping self-efficacy. Results indicated that Italian victims reported higher post-traumatic symptoms than their Irish counterparts. When compared to those who experienced thefts only, Italian victims who had experienced both thefts and robberies experienced more post-traumatic symptoms and lower coping self-efficacy, whereas Irish employees differed significantly only in hyper-arousal symptomatology. Regression analyses revealed that coping self-efficacy had a protective role against the risk of developing post-traumatic symptomatology. In both countries, interventions fostering employees' coping self-efficacy perceptions might stimulate psychological recovery, especially among victims of both thefts and robberies.


This paper proposes an adaptive robust control scheme for free-flying space robots. In order to simply and effectively control free-flying space robots subject to parameter uncertainty and disturbances to avoid the measurement of the base (space vehicle) acceleration, and to eliminate the assumption that the uncertainty bounds must be a priori known in the conventional robust control approach, we develop a continuous adaptive robust control scheme using the norm-bounded property of uncertainty based on the Lyapunov direct method. Simulation results are presented to show the feasibility and robustness of the proposed control scheme.


In order to distinguish eight carnation cultivars,40 samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis(PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA).According to the results,infrared spectra of eight carnation cultivars were similar,but significant differences were observed in wave numbers and absorption peak intensities in the range of 1 800-700 cm-1.The second order derivative spectra in the range of 1 800-700 cm-1 were selected to perform principal component analysis(PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA).The cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 96.2%.The classification accuracy rate of PCA and HCA was 95% and 100%,respectively.The results demonstrated that Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis(PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) could be used for identification of different carnation cultivars.


The invention provides synchronization and frequency deviation combining evaluating method and device. The method comprises the following steps: dividing a frequency deviation range into a plurality of branches, wherein each branch corresponds to one frequency deviation value; generating phase deviation sequences corresponding to the frequency deviation values; multiplying a local main synchronouscharacter sequence with corresponding points of the phase deviation sequences to obtain frequency deviation branch sequences; carrying out sliding correlation between the received signals and the frequency deviation branch sequences to obtain a relevant value sequence, and obtaining relevant peak values in the relevant value sequence; obtaining the largest value of the relevant peak values corresponding to a plurality of frequency defection branch sequences; using the main synchronous character sequence corresponding to the largest value as the actually adopted main synchronous signal; usingthe corresponding relevant peak value position as the main synchronous signal position; and using the corresponding frequency deviation value as the coarse frequency deviation evaluation value. The invention can enhance the success ratio of the synchronous position detection of the synchronous system and widen the evaluation range of frequency deviation.


Neural networks are composed of multiple layers arranged in a hierarchical structure jointly trained with a gradient-based optimization. At each optimization step, neurons at a given layer receive feedback from neurons belonging to higher layers of the hierarchy. In this paper, we propose to complement this traditional 'between-layer' feedback with additional 'within-layer' feedback to encourage diversity of the activations within the same layer. To this end, we measure the pairwise similarity between the outputs of the neurons and use it to model the layer's overall diversity. By penalizing similarities and promoting diversity, we encourage each neuron to learn a distinctive representation and, thus, to enrich the data representation learned within the layer and to increase the total capacity of the model. We theoretically and empirically study how the within-layer activation diversity affects the generalization performance of a neural network and prove that increasing the diversity of hidden activations reduces the generalization gap.


We present the results of molecular dynamics simulations of micelle organization as well as the formation of micellar aggregates in the solutions of semiflexible telechelic chains with strongly attracting end-groups ("sticker sites"). Using the cluster size distribution function, we study associative equilibrium in the system of flexible and semiflexible chains. It is found that this process corresponds to the so-called "open association" model for micelle formation. The critical temperature of micelle formation Tc is calculated as a function of chain rigidity and system density ρ. We find that the value of Tc increases monotonically with the increase of Kuhn segment length A. Such a behavior takes place in wide range of densities, but only if the value of ρ is somewhat smaller than some threshold value. At high density, we observe the opposite tendency; the temperature Tc decreases monotonically as the value of A is increased. The type of equilibrium microstructures, emerging as a result of micellization...


The brine shrimp Artemia is an inhabitant of hypersaline environments and has been used to study primary reproductive traits and mating behaviour together with the degrees of divergence among populations. Intrapopulation experimental crosses and cross-fertility tests were evaluated in four populations from coastal and inland environments of South India, and in a reference sample of A. franciscana (San Francisco Bay -SFB, U.S.A). Crosses were fertile with the production of live nauplii and cysts. Significant variations were observed among the populations studied in fecundity (e.g. total offspring, brood size). A reproductive switch from ovoviviparity to oviparity was observed, especially in crosses between inland populations with the reference strain. Differences between the South Indian samples and SFB were significant- for the total number of nauplii, percentage of encysted brood and broods per female. A peculiar pattern of male-male mating was observed, wherein the ratio of males was higher than females. About 70% of the orientation movements of the males were directed towards other males.


Electromechanical properties of ferroelectric thin films are investigated using a two-dimensional four-state Potts model and Monte Carlo simulation. In this model, the mechanical energy density induced by strains of individual cells is included in the system Hamiltonian, in addition to the contributions from dipole-dipole and electric-field-dipole couplings. Moreover, the dipole of each individual perovskite cell is aligned to one of the four mutually perpendicular directions. Four different states of dipole orientations can be defined. The deformation of each cell is associated with its dipole orientation, resulting in two different strain states. Polarization–electric-field hysteresis loops, butterfly loops for both transverse and longitudinal strains against electric field, as well as the phase-transition temperature under different stresses and anisotropy conditions are simulated. Results are comparable to the experimental measurements.


Downie et al. identified some errors in my article challenging the safeguards that are in place in jurisdictions that have legalized euthanasia and assisted suicide. I humbly accept that there are some errors in the references and subtleties that are regrettable. However, most of what they report to be erroneous and false I would argue is indeed correct, and other issues they raise are meant to cast aspersions and distract readers from the primary issues. The facts and my position remain unscathed; there are too few effective safeguards in place to prevent abuses in the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide.


The beneficial use of solid wastes could be an alternative for landfill management. However, there are few rigorous studies that have led to estimate the impact of these wastes on the environment. The most suitable combination of these wastes was studied based on a 32 factorial design and it was found that the dregs dose should not exceed 12.5% (v/v) with an optimal ratio of dregs:bark equal to 0.25. The results indicate that the process was successful and showed an evolution of its typical temperature. Similarly, in most of the mixtures the termophilic temperature was exceeded. The tendency of N-NO3- and N-NH4+ contents indicated the existence of a mature compost, as well as seed germination rates.


This article uses the example of Victoria's alcohol-related banning notice provisions to explore the changing conception of balance within criminal justice processes. Despite the formalisation of individual rights within measures such as Victoria's Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006, the discretionary power of the police to issue on-the-spot punishments in response to actual or potential criminal behaviour has increased steadily. A key driver, evident across the parliamentary debates of the banning legislation, is a presumed need to protect the broader community of potential victims. As a result, the individual rights of those accused (but not necessarily convicted) of undesirable behaviours are increasingly subordinated to the pre-emptive protection of the law-abiding majority. This shift embodies a largely unsubstantiated notion of collective pre-victimisation. Significantly, despite the expectations of Victoria's Charter, measures such as banning notices have been enacted with insufficient evidence of the underlying collective risk, of their likely effectiveness and without meaningful ongoing scrutiny. The motto of Victoria Police – Uphold the Right – appears to belie a growing uncertainty over whose rights should be upheld and how.


show good applicability of the proposed FSMT in when possible test path starts and ends in FSM and, the length of the test paths have be a defined range.


SKORPIONS are a set of kinetic electronic garments that use the shape-memory alloy (SMA) Nitinol to move and change on the body in slow, organic motions. The dresses are not interactive: their programming does not respond to sensor data. They behave like kinetic sculptures that display characteristics such as control, anticipation, and unpredictability. They have personalities and anthropomorphic qualities. They can be imagined as parasites that inhabit the skin of the host.


We consider different deductions of the mysterious Weinberg formula and show that this leads us back to the model of fluctuational cosmology which correctly predicted in advance, dark energy driven, accelerating universe with a small cosmological constant. All this also provides us with an interpretation of Gravitation as the distributional effect of the residual energy of the universe.


Stably stratified atmospheric boundary layers are often characterized by a veering wind profile, in which the wind direction changes clockwise (counterclockwise) with height in the Northern Hemisphere (Southern Hemisphere). Wind-turbine wakes respond to this veer in the incoming wind by stretching from a circular shape into an ellipsoid. Englberger, Dörnbrack and Lundquist (2020) investigate the relationship between this stretching and the direction of the turbine rotation by means of large-eddy simulations (LESs).

The basic physics underlying the interaction process of a rotating wake with a veering inflow can be described with the superposition of a Rankine vortex as representation of the wind-turbine wake with the characteristic hemispheric-dependent nighttime Ekman spiral of the atmospheric wind. In dependence of the rotational direction and the hemisphere, this superposition results in an amplification of the spanwise flow component if a counterclockwise rotating rotor interacts with a northern hemispheric Ekman spiral (a clockwise rotating rotor interacts with a southern hemispheric Ekman spiral). In case of a clockwise rotating rotor interacting with a northern hemispheric Ekman spiral (a counterclockwise rotating  rotor interacting with a southern hemispheric Ekman spiral), the superposition leads to a weakening of the spanwise flow component. In case of no veering inflow, the magnitude of the spanwise flow component is independent of the rotational direction.

These theoretical superposition effect of the Ekman layer with the wake vortex occur in nighttime LESs, where the rotational direction dependent magintude of the spanwise flow component further impacts the streamwise flow component in the wake. In particular, there is a rotational direction dependent difference in the wake strength, the extension of the wake, the wake width, and the wake deflection angle. In more detail, a northern hemispheric veering wind in combination with a counterclockwise rotating actuator results in a larger streamwise velocity output, a larger spanwise wake width, and a larger wake deflection angle at the same downwind distance in comparison to a clockwise rotating turbine.

Englberger, Dörnbrack and Lundquist, 2020, Does the rotational direction of a wind turbine impact the wake in a stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer? Wind Energ. Sci. 5, 1359-1374.