The effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions on the dispersion of a solute in a composite porous medium between two parallel plates is studied. The solution approach suggested by Taylor [2] is generalized for the present model. The Brinkman model is used to define the flow through the porous medium. The fluids in both the regions of the parallel-plate channel are incompressible and transport properties are assumed to be constant. The closed-form solutions are obtained in both the regions of the channel. The results are tabulated for various values of viscosity ratio, pressure gradient, and porous parameter on the volumetric flow rate and the effective Taylor dispersion coefficient. It is found that for a homogeneous chemical reaction, the effective Taylor dispersion coefficient decreases as the reaction rate parameter and porous parameter increase. The validity of the results obtained for a composite porous medium is compared with the available porous medium results for a one-fluid model and the values tallied for the small values of porous parameter. Also a two-fluid model in the absence of a porous matrix is compared with the available one-fluid model and good agreement is found. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 40(7), 608–640, 2011; Published online 26 July 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20364


Depending on the perspective of the audience, U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers was either a hero, a coward, or a traitor. His fateful crash in Soviet territory and eventual release was mired in contro...


The following communication gives a summary of the opening paper by Mr G. Lawson and of the remarks by various members who afterwards took part in the discussion. The question at issue was how to treat definitions and properties of the tangent to a plane curve in teaching beginners.


This essay portrays a nurse's journey in attempting to comprehend her mother's dementia on a family trip to the beach.


: Charge density difference (CDD) can investigate the charge redistribution of molecules, clusters and solid materials, as well as the interaction between molecules and solid materials, which has been widely used in electronic structure analysis. Based on the authors' theoretical research and teaching practice of "Application of density functional theory in chemistry research", the authors found that the calculation methods and results of charge density difference vary along with the different research objectives. According to the research objectives, the charge density difference can be divided into atom-based, fragment-based, specific object-based and spin density. If one can't understand the concept correctly and establish a reasonable model, it is hard to get the correct electronic structure information. In the present work, authors systematically sort out the types, calculation methods and applicable research system of CDD calculation. Base on the teacher's explanation and demonstration, students' practice, as well as exploratory homework, students can understand and master the electronic analysis method of charge density difference, which provides important support for teaching and scientific research.


Micro total analytical system μ-TAS of biological chip has made great progress in terms of research and applications in recent years. The technology of μ-TAS was introduced briefly and its applications in liver function diagnosis based on fluorescence marker were elaborated.


The direction, road and characteristics of the rural modernization of China are determined by the special connecting relations and the capabilities of the concerted action of Chinese farmers in every historical phase, which is the basic connotation of "the social basis" in this article. From the angle of "social basis", we may summarize the academic practices in the study of rural modernization in China into two parts: theoretical prototype and core proposition. The author argues that the studies made by Mao Zedong, Fei Xiaotong and others are the theoretical prototype, while the studies of rural religion and culture, villagers' autonomy, people commune, rural order and administration, farmers' cooperation and organization constitute the core proposition. Due to the common focus of the two parts on farmers' connecting relation and capability of action, an inherent theoretical relation has formed between the two. Therefore, at the same time we summarize and reflect upon academic resources, we should push forward the study of the construction of the new rural socialist community from the angle of "social basis".


9.43 MB Free download It's About Time: The Competitive Advantage of Quick Response Manufacturing book PDF, FB2, EPUB and MOBI. Read online It's About Time: The Competitive Advantage of Quick Response Manufacturing which classified as Other that has 228 pages that contain constructive material with lovely reading experience. Reading online It's About Time: The Competitive Advantage of Quick Response Manufacturing book will be provide using wonderful book reader and it's might gives you some access to identifying the book content before you download the book.


At first glance the title of this little book may appear misleading, for its contents cover but a small portion of the known scientific and practical (if one is justified in separating the two) aspects of anesthesiology. The material contained therein was presented at a Reunion Refresher Course held at the Department of Anesthesiology of the University of Pennsylvania. It was prepared by alumni of the department and current staff members, and represents the interests and activities of "only a small segment of these" men. The contents cover "areas of interest to practicing anesthetists, fields of endeavor of academic anesthetists and, in many instances, a posing of some of the challenges that face the specialty." Despite the limitations posed by the size of the volume, the editor has assembled a goodly amount of material, all current, on 18 varied subjects related to anesthesiology. The 22 authors present their timely discourses


My paper tries to show that we can approach both 'epistemic' and 'conceptual' problems of causation in tort with the aid of a moral idea sketched out by H.L.A. Hart and developed into a more general account by T.M. Scanlon. Applied to causation, that idea says that we may justify principles that require people to meet a certain standard of causation and principles that specify a standard of proof for that purpose by appealing to the value for people of the opportunities that the relevant principles make available to them. I will develop that idea in the context of epistemic questions, and then extend it to conceptual ones. And I will try to show that the idea explains both why we may apply certain familiar standards of causation in easy cases, and why and how far we ought to relax or modify those standards in hard cases.


Students of Arabic have often been led astray by a fatal fallacy: the Arabic language they study, in its grammar and syntax, shines out as a neat structure of blissful regularity. The linguistic reality of the Arab world is by no means as static as the written material suggests: among Arabs new needs and concepts emerge, new answers and solutions to the diglossic situation are implicitly or explicitly formulated and this momentum, shaped by the mobility and flexibility of actual people, is unfolding in a typically linguistic way: anarchy. This chapter discusses a single phenomenon that represents the present stage of this flexibility and anarchy in written Arabic in Egypt : the monthly "Ihna, sawt jil bi-haluh" is a glossy magazine. Teachers of modern Arabic can hardly do without regularly being in touch with the Arab world in order to adequately follow the linguistic developments in the Arab world. Keywords: anarchy; Arabic in Egypt; modern Arabic; written Arabic


Evaluates the effects of shipwrecks and peoples' reactions following them, with regard to their feelings of preventability on someone's part. In particular to the Erika in 1989, and the Prestige in 2002. The European Union (EU), which theretofore seemed to be neglecting maritime safety appears to have developed a maritime culture. The EU seems to have adopted the International Maritime Organisation's (IMO) attitude regarding safety protocols, which must be a right and proper thing to do. Concludes that shipping has needed, and is now receiving, a proactive approach with regard to safety from the EU which should limit, as far as possible, disasters of both a human and ecological kind for the maritime world.


A method for sequencing a protein from a codon sequence is proposed. An unfolded protein molecule is threaded through a nano-sized pore in an electrolytic cell carboxyl end first and held with a voltage such that only the first residue is exposed in the trans chamber of the cell. A tRNA molecule in trans with matching anticodon for the residue binds itself to the latter in the presence of suitable catalysts. It is then cleaved and transferred to an extended electrolytic cell with N pores, 40 ≤ N ≤ 61, in N individual cis chambers and a single trans chamber. Each pore holds an RNA molecule ending in a unique codon that is held exposed in the trans chamber. In the presence of suitable catalysts the anticodon in the transferred tRNA binds with the codon of a matching RNA molecule. By reversing the voltages in the extended cell every RNA molecule except the one to which the transferred tRNA is bound retracts into its cis chamber, this identifies the residue unambiguously. The detected residue in the first cell is cleaved and the process repeated. Unlike in other nanopore-based methods, it suffices to detect the occurrence of a current blockade without having to measure the pore current precisely. A simplified but more time-consuming version that uses only the first cell is also described. In either case no a priori information about the protein is needed so de novo sequencing is possible. A feasibility analysis of the proposed scheme is presented.


Traditionally the gatekeeper to the NHS, NICE has increasingly reoriented its role towards facilitating access to innovative technologies. This change has clear benefits for some patients, but the costs shouldered by others risk going unacknowledged, say Victoria Charlton and colleagues


In the early period of cardiac catheterization there was little inclination to pass the catheter tip beyond the right atrium, and therefore only right atrial pressures and cardiac output measurements were available (McMichael and Sharpey-Schafer, 1944a; Stead et al, 1948). The essential findings in this and Stead's laboratory were that digoxin or lanatoside C reduced the right atrial pressure early, and usually increased the cardiac output. Both groups, however, observed a few cases in which the right atrial pressure fell without any significant change in cardiac output. This pressurereducing action was frequent enough to suggest that it might play a primary role; and this view was supported by (1) simultaneous observations that venesection might cause an increase in cardiac output of the same order as that produced by digoxin, and by (2) published work suggesting that digitalis reduced venous pressure in normal animals (Dock and Tainter, 1930) and in man (Rytand, 1933). This conception had the additional attraction of offering a possible explanation for some of the failures of digitalis therapy in certain instances of " high output heart failure " in which increased venous pressure was perhaps compensatory in nature. Further observations, however, have compelled revision of this view. On making detailed comparisons it was realized that the heart did more work after digoxin than after venesection (Howarth, McMichael and Sharpey-Schafer, 1946). Bloomfield et al. (1948) showed that in a wide variety of patients with heart failure ouabain had a direct stimulating action on the myocardium-a result that has been confirmed by Ahmed et al. (1950). In selected groups of cases it has been shown on the one hand that digoxin can increase the cardiac output in left ventricular failure without there being necessarily a concomitant reduction in venous pressure (Harvey et al., 1949), and on the other hand that the venous pressure may fall without there being any measurable increase in output (McMichael and Sharpey-Schafer, 1944a). Deductions from the results of earlier observations were based on Wiggers' interpretation of Starling's law that small changes in filling pressure of the heart were of paramount importance in determining the strength of the cardiac contraction. Such an assumption cannot be accepted unreservedly. Warren et al. (1948) have shown that the output of the normal human heart is subject to controls more complex than simple government by Starling's law. Thus the significance of small changes in filling pressure of the order of 1-2 cm. saline becomes more difficult to assess. Experience has also made us aware of the random error in mneasurement of cardiac output by the technique of catheterization, the great variety of hemodynamic changes in different types and grades of heart'failure, and the varied responses to digitalization. Unanswered problems and conflicting observations still abound. Harvey et al. (1949) have found in left ventricular failure without systemic venous congestion that digoxin produced a fall * Fellow, National Heart Institute, United States of America. t Nuffield Foundation Travelling Fellow in Medicine. t Caverhill Fellow in Medicine, McGill University.


Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), an autoimmune sequela of Group A streptococcal infection, is a chronic valvular disease affecting 32 million people worldwide, predominantly in developing nations. As the predisposition to autoimmune sequela still remains post transplantation, our primary objective was to assess if there were differences in mortality and rejection rates.


Based on the learning theories of constructivism and SLA theories,the task-based translation teaching model is a suitable model for "the Task Age" and the reality of our translation teaching.Studying deeply its rationale contributes to the clear understanding of this rationale and its difference from the traditional language teaching and communicative language teaching,and therefore is helpful to its spread in practice.


An adaptive genetic algorithm was presented based on the theory of simple genetic algorithm for the study of SINS' initial alignment,this algorithm adjusted the size of genetic space timely to ensure aligning speed.The optimized solution saving strategy was used during the operation of selecting.Timely changing of cross probability and mutation probability brought forth the stronger environment adaptability of attitude information.According to the characteristic of initial alignment,the fitness function was constructed using the information of earth's acceleration of gravity and angular speed of rotation.Simulation result showed that this algorithm is effective in the study on SINS' initial alignment problem.


age than carcinoma, and is even more malignant. It is far less common than is generally supposed. In the young it may be bilateral. 3. There is evidence to show that carcinoma disseminates mainly by the lymphatics, and sarcoma by the blood-vessels. It was formerly taught that testicular sarcoma, unlike sarcoma in general, was particularly prone to infect lymphatic glands. This view was doubtless due to misinterpretations of the histological characters of the tumours; for many which were really carcinomata, or embryomata, were miscalled sarcomata.


There has so far been little information regarding the functional significance of Pacinian corpuscles in the body. However, because of their rapid adaptation they must be constantly stimulated by most quick movements of the body, e.g. by heartbeat, respiration and acceleration of the body, and they are also very sensitive to externally applied vibration (Gray & Matthews, 1951a). Recently Hunt & McIntyre (1960) have found vibration receptors, which are rapidly adapting, often extremely sensitive and responding to vibratory stimuli between 40 and 700 c/s, in the interosseous membrane of the hind limbs of the cat, and Hunt (1961) has observed similar vibration receptors to those described by Hunt & McIntyre (1960) in close association with the tibial periosteum of the cat. In this study he identified these receptors as Pacinian corpuscles. It is therefore desirable to investigate the response of Pacinian corpuscles to sinusoidal vibration in more detail, and to compare its results with the experiments of Hunt & McIntyre (1960) and Hunt (1961), and also with those on human subjects (Geldard, 1940). Although in the past many experiments have been carried out with Pacinian corpuscles in the mesentery and in other parts of the cat, there have been only a few experiments dealing with the stimulation of corpuscles by sinusoidal mechanical stimuli (Scott, 1951; Loewenstein, 1958). These, however, do not seem to give much information on this subject. This paper will therefore describe experiments in which the threshold was determined of the mesenteric corpuscle, either isolated from the cat or undissected and with intact circulation, to sinusoidal vibrations of various frequencies. The receptor potential from the non-myelinated ending inside the corpuscle (Gray & Sato, 1953) in response to vibrations has also been investigated.


The characteristics of the hybrid active filter, in which the L-C circuit is connected in series to an active filter, are analyzed. The VA rating of high switching frequency converter is notably reduced because of the L-C circuit used in the proposed hybrid active filter. An analytical method about the DC capacitor voltage, converter-rating etc. of hybrid active filter and pure parallel active power filter is presented in this paper, which shows the prominent advantages of hybrid active filter. The simulation results of the two kinds active filter are coincident with the theoretical analysis. Finally, results from a 50 kVA and a 100 kVA hardware prototype are presented to verify the prominent advantages of hybrid active filter and its good compensation characteristics.


Examining various kinds of isolation phenomena in the Turing degrees, we show that there are, for every n > 0, (n + 1)-c.e. sets isolated in the n-c.e. degrees by n-c.e. sets below them. We show that for n 1 such phenomena arise below any computably enumerable degree, and conjecture that this result holds densely in the c.e. degrees as well. We show that in fact the basic result can be strengthened to produce isolation (n + 1)-CEA sets isolated in the n-CEA degrees by n-CEA degrees below them. We also point out that there are properly (n+1)-c.e. degrees which are not isolated in the n-c.e. degrees.


Error back-propagation is one of the principled learning strategies widely used in pattern recognition and machine learning, e.g. neural networks. The existing frameworks employed back-propagated error as a performance criteria (or termed, object function) aiming for supervising model-learning. Inspired by the recent success achieved by learning with the privileged information (LPI), we propose a novel regression-based framework by extending the concept of back-propagation in supervised learning methods to high-level guiding the model learning, so the proposed model is able to mine the importance of samples contributed to the fitting performance, which is missed in the existing regression techniques. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed learning paradigm, both low-level imagery features and intermediary semantic attributes are adopted in this paper. Extensive evaluations on pedestrian counting with public UCSD and Mall benchmarks demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed framework.


The article is devoted to the concept of economic inequality and unjust income distribution. Problems caused by unjust income distribution and the main objectives of its regulation are systematized and classified into the groups of economic, social, and political purposes. Each goal has been investigated separately.


An aqueous composition having 8 or more in pH, and a solid phase comprising dispersed particles comprising (i) ethyl cellulose polymer, and a fatty acid is a (ii) is an ionic form 25 mol% to 100 mol%, (iii) the based on the dry weight of the ethyl cellulose polymer, 0 wt% to 0.1 wt.% colloidal stabilizer, and (iv) based on the dry weight of the ethyl cellulose polymer, 0% to 7% by weight of a plasticizer, (v) wherein the one or more cations of alkali metals or alkaline earth, the equivalent ratio of the cation Tai該 fatty 0.1: 1 to 2: 1, an aqueous composition is provided . Methods and powder composition is spray-drying an aqueous composition is also provided. .BACKGROUND


The editors of this symposium planned a constructive lecture: they told me that we already know what is wrong with Yugoslavia, or at least sense what is wrong, but we do not know what should be done about it. This is what will be discussed here. I would like to begin with a catalog of the problematical situations in which we find ourselves, without explanation. I shall pose the questions: Did we know that we would fall into this situation? and What is the diagnosis of this situation? Then I shall present a conception of the solution to the situation. (This is obviously a deviant situation which cannot be associated with the development of socialism, because socialism is not a system that falls into crises. As soon as you have a crisis with socialism, it is obvious that something is not right. Therefore, the solution to the crisis means returning to the main road which leads to a socialist society; for me, these are identical.) Where do we find ourselves today, that is, the last three years and the next three years, however our state administration imagines it? The first thing we notice is a stagnant economy whose rate of growth has fallen by a third. Then we observe massive


The present study was made to examine the effects of fluoride mouth-rinsing solutions on the enamel by X-ray diffractometry. Experiments were made in vitro of fluoride mouth-rinsing and fluoride topical application, with the powdered enamel as material; and the findings were compared. Phosphoric acid-acidified NaF solution (500 ppm of F-; pH 5.0) was used as the fluoride mouth-rinsing solution, and compared with the acidulated phosphate fluoride solution (F: 0.9%; pH 3.6) for topical applica tion.X-ray diffractometry was performed by the use of an automatic recording X-ray diffractometer to observe the crystallinity and identify the reaction products. For the observation of crystallinity, the half-maximum breadth (β1/2) was measured, and the values calculated from Scherrer's equation were defined as the parameters of crystallinity. The reaction products were studied by identification with the A.S.T.M. cards, observation of alterations in the diffraction line profiles and peak shifts at diffraction angles of 50-54 degrees (20), and by the relative graph of sinθ-βcosθ by Hall's analysis method.In the experiments of fluoride mouth-rinsing, the crystallinity was greatly increased, proving that a large amount of fluorapatite with considerably high crystallinity is produced. No CaF2 was detected in the rinsing experiment, while a large amount of CaF2 was produced in the topical application experiment, which shows that it is released with time.From the findings described above, it has been shown that in the reaction of the enamel with fluorides, not only fluorine concentration but also the method of application influences the reaction products. In other words, it is suggested that repeated applications of a low concentration of fluoride by mouth-rinsing with a fluoride solution over a long period will produce fluorapatite with high crystallinity without decalcifying the enamel, and thus will exert a favorable effect on enamelapatite.


Human rights have become an ever more important aspect of policies designed to address so-called ethno-political conflicts: their violation is seen as an indicator for conflict intensification, and their institutionalization has become a widespread precondition for development aid to ensure its effective distribution within a peaceful society. The promotion of liberal democracy, including human rights, to spread peace has legitimized a series of interventions – some military – by international actors. These efforts assume a close link between the institutionalization of human rights and what we will call positive conflict transformation as well as peacebuilding, especially if framed within the context of human security (Dunne and Wheeler, 2004; Mertus and Helsing, 2006). However, they often do not make this link clear, nor do they carefully analyse the conditions under which the advocacy of human rights is effective or the variety of forms it can take (for an exception see Parlevliet, 2009).


e19554 Background: Palonosetron(PAL) is a 5-HT3 antagonist with an approximately 100-fold higher binding affinity for the 5-HT3 receptor compared to the other serotonic antagonists(i.e., ondansetron, granisetron, and dolasetron). Several large phase III trials have demonstrated the superiority of palonosetron compared with other 5-HT3 antagonists in preventing emesis associated with both moderate and high emetic risk chemotherapy regimens. But, these studies carried out in the pre-aprepitant era. We assessed that PAL is still preferred over the other serotonin inhibitors for high emetic risk chemotherapy in the post-aprepitant era. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of all patients who underwent serotonin inhibitor, aprepitant and dexamethaxone for high emetic risk chemotherapy between 2009 and 2011. Group A received PAL, aprepitant and dexamethaxone. Group B received first-generation serotonin inhibitors(ondansetron, granisetron or dolasetron), aprepitant and dexamethaxone. Results: Four hundred ...


By interpolating inequality and a priori estimates in the weighted space,the existence of the global solutions for the damped gengeralized coupled nonlinear wave equations in an unbounded domain is considered.


The author derives a correction to be applied to shear vane measurements to allow the more accurate estimation of the field bearing capacity of anisotropic soils. He first outlines the need for a correction factor and discusses bjerrum's empirical factor that has been used to obtain a more realistic forecast of field stability. He points out that an ideal factor should compensate for the effects anisotropy and progressive failure as well as the effects of testing rate, size of test zone and any other effects resulting from differences between the test and field conditions. He argues that because bjerrum's correction is based on the result of plasticity index measurements on remoulded samples it cannot correct for inherent anisotropy, only for the other factors and that a further correction is necessary. A mathematical relationship is derived between this additional correction and the degree of anisotropy of undrained shear strength and includes a curve depicting this relationship. He concludes by setting out a relationship between field and vane strengths that is similar to bjerrum's correction, but incorporates the additional correction based on the degree of anisotropy. The latter may be estimated from undrained compression tests made at different orientations on block samples or, more directly, by tests with diamond-shaped vanes. It is pointed out that, although useful, the correction is only approximate as it assumes equal strengths in the three shearing modes. /TRRL/


The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Lockheed Martin Space Systems (LMSS), Infinia Corporation, and NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) have been developing a Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG) for use as a power system on space science missions. This generator would make use of Stirling cycle energy conversion to achieve higher efficiency than currently used alternatives. A test has been initiated at GRC to demonstrate functionality of Stirling conversion in a thermal vacuum environment over an extended period of time. The test article resembles the configuration of the SRG, but was designed without the requirement of low mass. Throughout the 8700 cumulative hours of operation, modifications to the supporting hardware were required to attain the desired operating conditions. These modifications, the status of testing, and the data recorded will be discussed in this paper.


ENGELMANN, Felipe Ricardo. Development and construction of an workbench with a hydraulic motor instrumentalized for testing. 2015. Term Paper. Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – UNIJUÍ, Panambi, 2015. This work will show the design and the construction of an instrumentalized workbench with hydraulic motor, that has the principal objective estimate the power consumed for agricultural equipments, as for example the system of straw spreader of a combine. The estimate power consumed is important for the better design of the transmission elements and for the design of machines components, collaborating for the reduction of the mass and the costs of the prototype. For the development of this academic work has been utilizated components and equipments availables in the Innovation Center in Automatic Machinery and Servo Systems (NIMASS) and also had the support of Metalbauer Company, as provide the steel materials, manpower and time to the prototype construction, beyond the straw spreader utilizated as a case study in the tests. The literature review was realizated in recent literature and antecedents academic works realizated at UNIJUÍ. As results, has it a prototype of the experimental workbench with hydraulic motor, rotation measurement with encoder, pression measurement and power transmission by V belt, allowing the realization of research and practices of teaching in the areas of Fluid Power Systems, Dynamic Systems and Machine Elements. The tests with an assembled equipment allowing the calculation of the volumetric flow and the load pressure at the hydraulic motor, making it possible estimate the power consumed and the engine torque to actuation in the equipment at different operation conditions. It was concluded that the present academic work contributes to the development of the design of machines inserts in the context of the Innovation Center in Automatic Machinery and Servo Systems.


The present state and some problems of the enterprise potential development and its effective operation are studied in the article/. The etymological meaning of the term "potential", its specific characteristics and peculiarities are described. The basic stages of management of the enterprise economic potential are proposed. It was revealed that the company to maximize the potential of their own should meet certain requirements: the presence of regulated integrity, ability to selfJadaptation and stabilize both within the enterprise and in interaction with the environment, the ability to selfJorganization, the ability to innovate (change). Elements defined resource potential of the company, which include financial, labor, material, intellectual and information resources. A conceptual model of potential business management concerning its main components (resources, production, market) development indicating the administrative functions of the responsible


This paper aims to highlight vision related tasks centered around "car", which has been largely neglected by vision community in comparison to other objects. We show that there are still many interesting car-related problems and applications, which are not yet well explored and researched. To facilitate future car-related research, in this paper we present our on-going effort in collecting a large-scale dataset, "CompCars", that covers not only different car views, but also their different internal and external parts, and rich attributes. Importantly, the dataset is constructed with a cross-modality nature, containing a surveillance-nature set and a web-nature set. We further demonstrate a few important applications exploiting the dataset, namely car model classification, car model verification, and attribute prediction. We also discuss specific challenges of the car-related problems and other potential applications that worth further investigations. The latest dataset can be downloaded at http://mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/ datasets/comp_cars/index.html.


The invention discloses a door leaf profile tolerance detecting device for a railway vehicle. The door leaf profile tolerance detecting device for the railway vehicle comprises a fixed mounting unit, a movable mounting unit, a first detecting unit, a stopping block, a supporting unit and a second detecting unit, wherein a rectangular perpendicular surface of the supporting unit is a mounting plane; the fixed mounting unit is arranged on the left half side of the mounting plane; an assembly reference plane is fixed on the fixed mounting unit and is used for fixing a door leaf to be detected; the movable mounting unit fixes the right half side of the mounting plane through a linear guide rail and slides on the linear guide rail; space for fixing the door leaf to be detected is reserved; a first detecting unit is fixed on the left side of the mounting plane and is used for measuring a front gear of the door leaf; a measurement result serves as a reference; and a second detecting unit is arranged on one side, which faces the door leaf, of the movable mounting unit. One side serves as a measurement reference to detect the position of the other side of the door leaf, the profile tolerance of the door leaf is determined through a difference value, an actual assembly condition is simulated, detection data are accurate, and the door leaf profile tolerance detecting device has a good application prospect.


The audience for network television news has declined dramatically in the past 20 years, and the 1996 and 2000 election cycles have seen significant declines in the amount of coverage the networks devote to electoral politics. Meanwhile, candidates, parties, and interest groups have spent rapidly escalating sums of money on political advertising. Our analysis suggests that these dramatic shifts in the flow of political communication have had only modest and largely offsetting effects on political attitudes. Americans' interest in political campaigns and faith in the electoral process have declined as a result of decreasing exposure to network television news but increased as a result of increasing exposure to political advertising. Conversely, trust in government and positive evaluations of the presidential candidates have increased as a result of declining exposure to network news but declined as a result of increasing exposure to political ads. The estimated impact of ad exposure is sensitive to the positive or negative tone of ads, with more positive ads producing more favorable attitudes toward politicians and government but less interest and faith in the electoral process. Unfortunately, no combination of news coverage and advertising (whether positive or negative) seems likely to increase political engagement without decreasing political allegiance, or to increase political allegiance without decreasing political engagement.


(Foote and Stewart, 1945) were used. Foci of mononuclear inflammatory infiltration around cysts or ducts were defined as those in which a discrete band of mononuclear cells exceeding 0.15 mm in radial width was present. Sclerosing adenosis was defined as nodular epithelial lesions composed of ductules in which fibrosis or myo-epithelial proliferation was associated with a stellate or whorled distortion of the lobular pattern.


Breast milk is, by itself, the best food and the best drink that can be exclusively a boy or girl from birth to six months and with other foods up to two years. To which the health team is the cornerstone for proper exclusive breastfeeding. This research aimed to determine the professional interest of the health team strikes the appropriate exclusive breastfeeding in the service of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology Hospital Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra de Tena in the period May to October 2013, this work had the principal focus of qualitative research as a basic research method was Country. Monitoring knowledge of basic issues about the appropriate exclusive breastfeeding in the service of Gynecology / Obstetrics and Neonatology Hospital Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra de Tena is reached the following conclusions, finds no consolidated knowledge, which affects poor management on the appropriate exclusive breastfeeding. The health team concerned if you have a breastfeeding policy, this is that mothers should only give the breast to the newborn until at least 6 months old. Health professionals conduct regular campaigns about the benefits and management of breastfeeding in the outpatient and inpatient gynecology and neonatology.


Soft magnetic ferrite was prepared with raw materials from steel plant dust, manganese carbonate ore and scrap iron by the reaction of simultaneous leaching, deep purification, coprecipitation and ferrite techniques. Experimental results demonstrated that the leaching rate of Fe, Mn, Zn was 86.61%, 96.20% and 85.88% respectively; the concentration of Ca and Mg was 0.003 g/L and 0.019 g/L respectively through the removing reaction of Mg and Ca by NH4F. Coprecipitation powder was obtained after deep purification and coprecipitation reaction, the amount of impurity content of the coprecipitation powder is Ca 0.041%, Mg 0.078%, Al 0.029%, Si 0.012% respectively. The ferrite technology also confirms that soft magnetic ferrite products made by direct method could nearly be equated with PC40 made by Japan TDK Company.


Theory and exercise integrated teaching is a new teaching mode in vocational education institutes at present. From the aspects of teaching objective definition, teaching platform construction, teaching organization design and student assessment, this paper used MOOCs and SPOCs philosophy carried out the practical research on theory and exercise integration for teaching system design, and implemented the result on game software programming discipline, thus give conclusion.


We report the effect of oxygen and viscoelasticity of culture interface on the orientation of bacterial cellulose (BC) fibril synthesized by Acetobacter xylimum (ATCC 53582) at a silicone oil/culture medium (liquid/liquid system) interface. In this work, we used the silicone oil with various kinematic viscosities, v ranging from 10 to 3000 centistokes (CS). We found that the birefringence, Δn as a measure of degree of orientation, fibril width, w, swelling degree, q, and tensile modulus, E, increased as increase the thickness and viscosity of silicone oil. However, fracture stress, σF and fracture strain, λF decreased with increase the silicone oil thickness and viscosity. Further, we also found that viscoelasticity of culture interface plays an important role to determine the orientation alignment of BC fibrils. Meanwhile, oxygen did not show significant influence on orientation of BC fibrils.


Objectives: To assess weather the common polymorphic allele (4G) of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene is associated with myocardial infarction (MI) and with PAI-1 enzyme level in Egyptian patients. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients who presented with acute MI and 48 normal control subjects were included. Clinical features were examined, PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism was detected using polymerase chain reaction and PAI-1 levels with other risk factors were determined in all subjects. Results: Patient age averaged 51 (±SD 10.4) years, 68% were men and 46% had a family history of MI. Overall frequency of 4G allele was 60.4% among patients versus 51.0% among normal controls. There was no significant difference in genotype distribution (4G/4G, 4G/5G and 5G/5G), (P=0.34) and allele frequency (P=0.191) between patients with myocardial infarction and controls. Neither carriage of 4G allele (OR=1.46; 95% CI: 0.83-2.59; p=0.191) nor 4G/4G homozygosity (OR= 1.73; 95% CI: 0.684-4.36; p=0.245) was associated with MI. There was a significant increase of PAI-1enzyme level (p<0.001) among patients than the control group and the plasma levels of the enzyme were highest in myocardial infarction patients who were homozygous for the 4G allele (4.3±3.5) with a stepwise decrease in levels as the number of 4G alleles decreased; (3.6±2.3) for 4G/5G and (2.6±1.8) for 5G/5G; however the difference was not statistically significant (F=0.82, P=0.45); and even the increased mean level of PAI-1enzyme in patients with 4G/4G genotype than in patients with 5G/5G genotype; was not statistically significant (P=0.568). The study revealed also increased frequency of smoking (P= 0.001), family history of myocardial infarction (P=0.03) and hypertension (P = 0.016) among patients than controls. In multivariate analyses, risk factors associated with MI were smoking; hypertension and high level of PAI-1 enzyme. Conclusion: The common PAI-1 polymorphism (4G) was not associated with MI in Egyptian population, however modest risk (i.e., OR, =1.46) could not be excluded. Increased level of PAI-1enzyme, smoking and hypertension are significant risk factors for myocardial infarction among Egyptians. [Somaia Ismail; Amira A. Abdel azeem; Mona A. Abdel Hamid; Shahira R. Nowier and Heba Morad. The Role of 4G/5G Genetic Polymorphism of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene in Myocardial Infarction among Egyptians. Life Science Journal. 2011; 8(1):32-39] (ISSN: 1097–8135).


The invention discloses a lamp vibration damper, which comprises a vibration damper shell, an output shaft arranged in the vibration damper shell, an elastic component sheathed on the output shaft and contained in the vibration damper shell, cushion pads arranged on both ends of the vibration damper shell, and a pressing plate, wherein the pressing plate is next to one of the cushion pads, is arranged on the end part of the vibration damper shell, and is used for fixing and restricting the elastic component and the cushion pads. The lamp vibration damper can effectively isolate a ceiling lampfrom vibration outside, and thus, the ceiling lamp can be better protected effectively. Due to the adoption of the elastic component for buffering vertical vibration or impact, the vibration damping mode by integrating the elastic component and the cushion pads has the advantages of low natural frequency, good vibration resistance and effective isolation from vertical and lateral vibration and impact; and the lamp can be protected effectively in all directions so as to guarantee the service performance of the lamp to be more stable.


Automatic identification of insects is an important and emerging area of research.With many advantages such as of direct,rapid and convenient,this technology has been more and more paid attention.Insect is the biggest biological group of the world.Routine identification is a time-consuming work nevertheless the number of taxonomy experts is decreasing.In recent years,advances in automatic identification of insects have suggested an attractive solution to this dilemma.Many taxonomy experts explored the methods and theories of automatic identification of insects and some software were developed.This paper introduced the principles of automatic identification,classified the methods of automatic identification of insects,presented and analyzed the difficulties,and gave some solutions.


The satellite equivalent device is used to check the electrical interface of satellite ground power supply and distribution (PSD) test system and verify its functional correctness. Previous equivalent device is usually customized for particular satellite. A general equivalent device for satellite was designed and developed in this paper. Firstly, the design requirements and specifications of general equivalent device were proposed based on analyzing multiple satellite equivalent devices. Secondly, the hardware design was introduced, in which the input signal detection modules and output signal modules were designed independently. Then the software design was introduced, in which set of input/output mapping relation was flexible, and XML file was used to store the configuration information. The general equivalent device has been used in the self-test of satellite PSD test system, it is proved to be generic and flexible.


Women make 85 per cent of all purchase decisions and services marketing research suggests that gender differences exist and are most influential in determining customer satisfaction with service encounters (Iacobucci and Ostrom, 1993). This qualitative study used the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) and sought to investigate the service industries where women feel most dissatisfied and identified themes of unfairness which explain women's dissatisfaction with service. This study found women were most dissatisfied with the fairness of service in the automotive industry. Two new themes related to service fairness were uncovered: informational un/fairness and sexist/non-sexist behaviours. This study is among the first to use the CIT to study how gender issues and unfair treatment themes influence service performance perceptions and service evaluations.


Constructing a new Lyapunov functional and employing inequality technique, the existence, uniqueness, and global exponential stability of the periodic oscillatory solution are investigated for a class of fuzzy bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with distributed delays and diffusion. We obtained some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence, uniqueness, and global exponential stability of the periodic solution. The results remove the usual assumption that the activation functions are differentiable. An example is provided to show the effectiveness of our results.


Background: If conservative treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis fails, often a corticosteroid injection is given. Corticosteroid injection gives temporarily pain reduction, but no healing. Blood platelets initiate the natural healing rate. GPS® gives an eightfold concentrate platelets of patients own blood. Injection of these platelets in the attachment of the fascia to the os calcis might induce a healing rate. Methods and design: A randomized controlled multi centre trial will be performed. The study population consists of 120 patients of 18 years and older. Patients with chronic plantar fasciitis will be allocated randomly to have a steroid injection or an autologous platelet concentrate injections. Data will be collected before the procedure, 4,8,12,26 weeks and 1 year after the procedure. The main outcome measures of this study are pain and function measured with questionnaires. Conclusion: Recent literature show positive effects for the treatment of tendinosis with autologous platelet injections. The forthcoming trial will compare treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis with a steroid injection versus an autologous platelet injection. Our results will be published as soon as they become available. Trial Registration: Trial registration number: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00758641. Background Chronic plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of foot complaints in the United States, making up 11 to 15% of the foot symptoms requiring professional care among adults [1,2]. The incidence of plantar fasciitis peaks in people between the ages of 40 to 60 years with no bias towards either sex [3]. The underlying condition that causes plantar fasciitis is a degenerative tissue condition that occurs near the site of origin of the plantar fascia at the medial tuberosity of the calcaneous [4]. In acute cases, plantar fasciitis is characterized by classical signs of inflammation including pain, swelling and loss of function. For more chronic conditions, however, inflammation is not the underlying tissue disruption. In fact, histology of chronic cases has shown no signs of inflammatory cell invasion into the affected area [5]. The tissue instead is characterized histologically by infiltration with macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells; tissue destruction; and repair involving immature vascularization and fibrosis [5]. The normal fascia tissue is replaced by an angiofibroblastic hyperplastic tissue which spreads itself throughout the surrounding tissue creating a self-perpetuating cycle of degeneration [5]. Numerous methods have been advocated for treating plantar fasciitis, including rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, night splints, foot orthosis, stretching protocols and extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Steroid injections are a popular method of treating the condition but only seem to be useful in the short term and only to a small degree [6]. Other various types of surgical procedures have also been recommended [2,7-11]. The use of corticosteroids is particularly troubling as several studies have linked plantar fascia rupture to repeated local injections of a corticosteroid [2,11-13]. When neither rest and neither activity restriction nor conservative treatments result in a satisfactory * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com 5 Department of Orthopaedics, Elisabeth Ziekenhuis Tilburg, The Netherlands Full list of author information is available at the end of the article BioMed Central © 2010 Peerbooms et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Peerbooms et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2010, 11:69 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/11/69 Page 2 of 5 outcome, the patient is often interested in treatment options other than surgery. In an animal model the addition of growth factors to the ruptured tendon has been shown to increase the healing of the tendon [14,15]. In humans it has been shown that the injection of whole blood into the tendon decreases the pain [16]. PRP is promoted as an ideal autologous biological blood-derived product, which can be exogenously applied to various tissues where it releases high concentrations of platelet derived growth factors that enhance wound healing, bone healing and also tendon healing. In addition PRP possesses antimicrobial properties that may contribute to the prevention of infections [17]. When platelets become activated, growth factors are released and initiate the body's natural healing response. We will evaluating the effects of PRP injections on "selfreported function and pain" in a double-blind randomized trial. Methods and design Study design Randomization will be performed after patients are deemed eligible and have provided informed consent. Patients will be randomly allocated to the concentrated autologous platelet group (PRP group) or to the corticosteroid group (control group). A computer using block randomisation of 10 patients will be used to create a randomization schedule. Treatment assignments (placed in sequentially numbered opaque envelopes) will be assigned by the trial managers (WL, HS, HH, TG) who will also arrange the facilities needed for the procedure. All patients with a plantar fasciitis who are admitted to one of the participating hospitals and meet the inclusion criteria are asked to join the study. Plantar fasciitis was defined as pain at the point of the fascia plantaris origin at direct palpation. All affected patients were screened with X-ray of the calcaneus for bony abnormalities and to difentiate for subtalar arthritis. Sonography and MRI were not used standardly. The Medical Ethical Committee of The Netherlands approved the study design, procedures and informed consent. Trial registration number: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00758641.


A family of sets in the plane is said to have a 3-transversal if there exists a set of 3 points such that each member of the family contains at least one of them. A conjecture of Grünbaum's says that a planar family of translates of a convex compact set has a 3-transversal provided that any two of its members intersect. Recently the conjecture has been proved affirmatively (see [1]). We provide a straightforward proof for the conjecture for the family of translates of a closed convex quadrilateral without parallel sides in the plane. Moreover, in our proof we obtain exactly the 3-transversals, i.e. the concrete 3-point sets the conjecture claims. The proof is valid for some other convex polygons and it is likely that we can prove the conjecture in the same straightforward way. For brevity's sake, a family of sets is said to be Π, or to have a 3-transversal if there exists a set of 3 points such that each member of the family contains at least one of them. The family is said to be Π2 if every two sets of the family have a nonempty intersection. Grünbaum's conjecture says Conjecture For a family of translates of a compact convex set in the plane, Π2 implies Π. In a recent paper by M. Katchalski and D. Nastir (see [2]) the above conjecture of Grünbaum was mentioned again. Karasev [1] gives an affirmative answer to the conjecture. We provide a straightforward proof for the conjecture for the case of a quadrilateral instead of a general compact convex set. In the same way we can prove the conjecture for triangles, parallelograms and trapezoids, etc. Accordingly, it is ∗ This research was supported by NSFH and SFHEM 210 LIPING YUAN AND REN DING


Bbesieged City is a satirical novel of humor and bitter.There are flexibe and various humor and satire techniques.It used cartoon writing style.ridiculous style of writing 、subtle psychological satire to achieve satirical effect.In addition,ridiculous languages are more humorous amd ferocious.People gasped with admiration at wonderful and novel similitucle,using words with imagination and the usage of English words and classical Chinese.


This paper studies the correlation between charging process performance indicators and charging safety of Solar-Energy storage-Charge station, analyses the influence of environmental factors, technical factors, design factors, management factors and user factors on charging process safety of energy stations. The projection pursuit algorithm is used to evaluate the influence degree of each parameter on the safety of charging process; through the establishment of charging safety evaluation system, the safety risks of battery damage and even fire caused by excessive charging current and high battery temperature are identified. The monitoring parameters corresponding to the charging safety state are determined. According to the different battery types adopted by different vehicle models, the corresponding charging mode is determined. According to the monitoring results of key data of the core equipment in the charging process, such as charging current, charging voltage, battery temperature, etc., the charging strategies of different vehicle models and different battery types are analysed, which provides reference for the safe operation of charging process.


While specialized knowledge and skills are the hallmark of modern society, the size and complexity of contemporary problems often require cooperative effort to analyze and solve. Therefore, experiences with skills, methodologies, and tools for effective interdisciplinary collaboration and structured problem solving are vital for preparing students for future academic and professional success. Meanwhile, computational systems have permeated much of modern professional and personal life, making computational thinking an essential skill for members of modern society. However, formal training in these techniques is primarily limited to students within computer science, mathematics, management of information systems, and engineering. At Iowa State University, we have designed and offered an experimental course to develop undergraduate students' abilities for interdisciplinary teamwork and to disseminate computational thinking skills to a broader range of students. This novel course was jointly designed and instructed by faculty from the Computer Science Department, Gerontology Program, and Graphic Design Program to incorporate diverse faculty expertise and pedagogical approaches. Students were required to interview real users to identify real-life problems, gather requirements, and assess candidate solutions, which necessitated communication both within the group and with technologically-disinclined users. In-class presentations and wiki-based project websites provided regular practice at disseminating domain expertise to larger interdisciplinary audiences. Workshops, group-based mentoring, peer learning, and guided discovery allowed non-CS majors to learn much more about computer programs and tools, and grading criteria held students individually accountable within their disciplines but also emphasized group collaboration


This research was motivated by the phenomenon of the emergence of consumer dissatisfaction shown by customer can't settled in the long time in kostan around Tembalang on four regions. this research is directed to analyze on how to customer value, place and customer satisfaction can be affect interest continue as customer in kostan around Tembalang on four regions. This research was conducted in kostan around Tembalang in four regions, the object of study is consumers in kostan around tembalang on four regions. This study aims to detemine the effect  Consumer value, Plac on interest continue as Customer with customer satisfaction as variable intervening in kostan around Tembalang on four regions. I In this study data were collected with a questionnaire to 100 respondents (occupants) and the techniques used are non-probability sampling technique with Accidental Sampling approach which aims to determine the responses to each variable n this research The data that meet the test validity, test reliability and test classic assumptions that form a regression equation and Sobel test. Based on t test, most influential first customer satisfaction to results obtained in the form of the coefficient values of 3.414 and a significance of 0.001 can therefore be said that the customers satisfaction and a significant positive effect on interest continue as customer. The second effect is the customer value with the results obtained in the form of the coefficient values of 3,056 and 0.003 for significance can therefore be said that the customer value has a positive effect on interset continue effect and significance. The third effect is obtained with the place  resulted in a coefficient of 2.867 and 0.005 for significance can therefore be said that the positive place and the significance interest continue as customer. From the analysis using the regression can be seen that the variables costumers value, place, and customer satisfaction are all positive and significant effect on interest continue as customer in kostan around Tembalang on four regions.


The present invention relates to a magnesium secondary battery positive electrode material prepared rare earth doped manganese magnesium silicate, the method comprising the steps of: metering a silicon source compound, a manganese source compound and a magnesium source compound were stirred uniformly to obtain a mixture; mixture was placed in a fluidized bed jet mill grinding, and then the water-soluble carbon source compound, and a rare earth dispersant is added purified water, stir to obtain a mixture. The pulverized mixture was mixed with the mixture was stirred uniformly, to give a precursor paste; paste-like precursor was placed in a non-metallic containers, industrial microwave by microwave heat treatment, manganese and magnesium silicate prepared. The method rich source of raw materials, the process is easy to control, low cost, high purity, good electrochemical properties, initial discharge capacity of 223.5 ~ 228.6mAh / g, after 20 cycles was 221.6 ~ 225.8mAh / g, exhibited good cycle performance.


Objective The object of this report is to explore the condition of community nurses' mental health.Methods Sixty -seven grass -roots community nurses were tested by useing the scale of SCL -90?The result was compared with the normal Chinese and analyzed according to age.Results Comparing with the normal Chinese ,s ome factor scores are remarkably lower s uch as overall score?overall average score?average score of positive symptom?the score of compulsis factor?the score of human relation factor?the score of depressive factor?the score of anxiety factor and the score of psychotic factor .The fa ctor of age has negative effects on ma ny marks.Conclusion The mental status of this group of community nurses is hea lthy.Younger nurses have more menta l problems,to which should be paid mo re attention.


The state guarantees all residents in Indonesia health. The state also has full responsibility for the fulfilment and provision of health facilities to all its people. It has been almost two years since the COVID-19 pandemic has hit all parts of the world, including Indonesia. The Indonesian government has made various efforts to deal with COVID-19, starting from the implementation of PSBB to emergency PKKM. The government should not need to do the two methods above because the Health Quarantine Law has regulated regional quarantine if an outbreak attacks Indonesia. Healthy living is a right for all Indonesian people who must guarantee the rights of the Indonesian people. It is the state because the state is the holder of full responsibility for its people. Justice is needed in a pandemic situation like today. The government takes the policies so far are still not in line with the interests of the people and always conflict with the people's interests.


The country has both hot and cold deserts. The Thar Desert, seventh largest desert in the world, harbors several species that have adapted themselves to survive in the harsh desert conditions. The floral diversity includes 682 species (63 introduced species), belonging to 352 genera and 87 families. The degree of endemism of plant species in the Thar Desert is 6.4 percent, which is relatively higher than the degree of endemism in the world famous Sahara desert. The faunal diversity represents 755 invertebrate and 440 vertebrate species, including 140 bird and 41 mammalian species and the only known
population of the Asiatic wild ass. It is highlighted that sustainable use and management of this biodiversity is necessary to support human and livestock needs besides conservation. The strategy should be such that it is supported by public.


When ZuoSi wrote his famous work of San Du Fu is a difficult problem in academia. In this paper, I observed and studied the time Zuo Si began to write, the time he assumed as a Mishulang,the time he call at LuJi and ZhangZai, the time ZhangHua plastered the book with praise and the time Wei Quan and Zhang Zai made annotates for the work, and made a conclusion that San Du Fu was written during the first year of Taikang to the last year of Taikang. It was issued in the early year of Yuankang and got a reputation in the middle to late of Yuankang. But if HuangFumi wrote the preface of San Du Fu is an inextricably problem.


Twenty‐three shared QTL were identified using linkage and association mapping Overlapped QTL explained the high genetic correlation among seed weight and size QTL responded positively to either phenotypic selection or genomic selection Combining association mapping and genomic selection would increase genetic gain


 Worked as a Lecturer in Chemical Engineering Department of Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere from 2001 to 2002.  Pursued M.Tech in Chemical Plant Design from National Institute of Technology, Surathkal in 2004.  Worked as Lecturer in Chemical Engineering Department of Bapuji Institute of Engineering & Technology, Davangere from Aug. 2004 to Aug 2012.  Promoted as Assistant Professor from September 2012 till date in the department of Chemical Engineering.


Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, accounting for nearly half of cancer‐related mortality. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for gastric cancer, but the currently available therapeutic drugs for the treatment have limited efficacy. Recent studies suggested that gastric cancer stem cells may play an important role in drug resistance of chemotherapy. Therefore, new agents that selectively target gastric cancer stem cells in gastric tumor are urgently needed. Regarding to this concept, natural products may gain considerable important in this area for both cancer cell and cancer stem cell targeting. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Catharanthus trichophyllus roots, and isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a chalconetype dietary compound derived from licorice, have been reported to process anti‐tumor properties. However, the potential role of UA and ISL in the improvement of chemotherapy sensitivity of gastric cancer has not been evaluated. The data from our study indicated that UA and ISL promoted human gastric cancer MKN45 cell apoptosis, and enhanced chemosensitivity with combination of 5‐fluorouracil by elimination of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and down‐regulation of cancer stem cell surface marker, adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette subfamily G2, LGR5, CD24 and CD44. UA not only induced excessive ER stress in cancer cell, but also inhibited the expression of GRP78 by down‐regulation of the transcription factor YY1. Taken together, UA and ISL may be suggested as promising agents in anti‐gastric tumor therapy.


The development and applications of the amorphous alloy catalyst and magnetically stabilized bed(MSB) processes were reviewed.The transformation of the crystalline catalyst into the amorphous alloy catalyst causes the drastic increase in hydrogenation activity of Raney Ni.The thermal stability and surface area of the amorphous alloy catalyst can be greatly enhanced by adding rare earth elements and using alkaline extraction of Al.The critical technology and equipment for commercial production of the amorphous alloy catalyst were developed.Heteroatoms are introduced into the amorphous alloy catalyst to control its hydrogenation activity,acid resistance,and magnetic property,and thus SRNA series catalysts were developed.The MSB reactor,a fluidized bed of magnetic particles by applying a spatially uniform and time-invariant magnetic field oriented axially relative to the fluidizing fluid flow,had many advantages such as the low pressure drop and the high mass transfer efficiency.Integration of the amorphous Ni alloy catalyst and MSB reactor was developed in the process of hydrogen refining of caprolactam at Research Institute of Petroleum Processing,SINOPEC.Comparing with the autoclave hydrogenation,the catalyst consumption and reactor volume in the MSB process decreased by 70% and 85%,respectively;meanwhile,the product quality increased greatly.The commercial application of the integration technology for the first time in the world promotes the development of hydrogenation in China greatly and produces large social and commercial benefit.Recent results showed that MSB technology exhibited better performance in CO methanation,selective acetylene hydrogenation,and light FCC gasoline olefin oligomerization than current process,which enlightens us a promising route to explore process intensification techniques through MSB.


A new QoS assured multicast routing algorithm is proposed. It constructs a time delay bounded lowcost multicast tree using modified Steiner tree heuristic, and then connects the remaining group members that are not on the constrained multicast tree through least delay paths withloop eliminated. The theory and simulation results show that the new algorithm has comparable performance with existing time delay bounded multicast routing algorithms.Moreover, the algorithm is with low complexity.


Resident doctor training evaluated by score was widely used in hospitals. Score evaluation could motive resident doctor study and effectively and improve training effective. The article introduced stages and experience of score evaluation in affiliated 1st hospital of Wenzhou Medical College.


Face recognition - A promise made to the modern technologists as the ultimate access control or surveillance technology. However, similar to its fingerprint spoofing counterpart, current face antispoofing technology is still vulnerable to inexpensive spoofing attacks, which pose a threat to security. Although basic face spoofing attacks that use photographs and video are common in attack scenarios, they are still not addressed appropriately, thereby making security in these environments a difficult task to achieve. Newer face antispoofing attacks, such as 3D mask-based antispoofing have emerged and further complicated face antispoofing matters. Although methods have improved over the last decade, a robust solution that can accommodate changing environments is still out of reach. More so, these methods have not been assessed across multiple publicly available datasets and very little work has been done to perform a fair comparison across multiple face spoofing methods. Face spoofing attacks introduce an object into the scene, which presents curvilinear singularities that are not necessarily portrayed in the same way in different lighting conditions. We present a solution that addresses this problem by using a discrete shearlet transform as an alternative descriptor that can differentiate between a real and a fake face without user-cooperation across multiple environmental conditions. We have found the approach can successfully detect blurred edges, texture changes and other noise found in various face spoof attacks. In order to prove that discrete shearlet transforms are a valid descriptor and to perform a fair comparison of other methods, an empirical study is conducted with multiple experimental parameters and concrete results. Our benchmarks on the publicly available CASIA-FASD, MSU-MFSD, OULU-NPU, and HKBU-MARs datasets, show that our approach portrays good results and improves on the most popular methods found in the field on modest computer hardware, but requires further improvement to beat the current state of the art for basic face antispoofing efforts, such as the photo, cut and video attacks. However, where it succeeds is for detecting 3D mask-based antispoofing methods. Discrete Shearlet Transforms achieved very good accuracy on the HKBU-MARs 3D mask dataset and exhibited excellent precision, recall and f1-score, thereby showing it is an excellent descriptor for the task. The approach also achieves real-time face spoof discrimination with minimal resource overhead, which makes it a practical solution in real-time applications and a viable augmentation to current face recognition methods.


Pivotal clinical trials of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) resulted in remarkable initial responses, which led to a recent FDA approval. Despite their success, durable remissions continue to be low, and the predominant mechanism of resistance is loss of CART-cells and inhibition by the tumor microenvironment (TME). MM is characterized by an immunosuppressive TME with an abundance of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Using MM models, we studied the impact of CAFs on CART-cell efficacy and developed strategies to overcome CART-cell inhibition. We demonstrated that CAFs inhibit CART-cell anti-tumor activity and promote MM progression. CAFs express molecules such as fibroblast activation protein and SLAMF7, which are attractive immunotherapy targets. To overcome CAF-induced CART-cell inhibition, we generated CART cells targeting both MM cells and CAFs. Our dual-targeting CART-cell strategy significantly improved the effector functions of CART cells. We demonstrate for the first time that dual targeting both malignant plasma cells and the CAFs within the TME is a novel strategy to overcome resistance to CART-cell therapy in MM.


3D face recognition for partial data is a very challenging task. The task is even more challenging when the gallery sample originates from one side of the face while the probe sample originates from the other. We present a new method for computing the similarity of partial 3D data for the purpose of face recognition. This method improves upon an existing Semi-Coupled Dictionary Learning method by computing a jointly-optimized solution that incorporates the reconstruction cost, the discrimination cost and the semi-coupling cost. Our experiments demonstrate that this method can improve the recognition performance of existing state-of-the-art wavelet signatures used for 3D face recognition.


A multi-sample Cs sputter negative-ion source, equipped with a conical-geometry, W-surface-ionizer has been designed and fabricated that permits sample changes without disruption of on-line accelerator operation. Sample changing is effected by actuating an electro-pneumatic control system located at ground potential that drives an air-motor-driven sample-indexing-system mounted at high voltage; this arrangement avoids complications associated with indexing mechanisms that rely on electronic power-supplies located at high potential. In-beam targets are identified by LED indicator lights derived from a fiber-optic, Gray-code target-position sensor. Aspects of the overall source design and details of the indexing mechanism along with operational parameters, ion optics, intensities, and typical emittances for a variety of negative-ion species will be presented in this report.


This paper analyzes members' sensemaking of organizational actions using virtue frames and its effects on members' relationships with the organization in the context of the events of September 11th. We explore the use of three virtue frames to make sense of a university's response to the events of 9–11-01. We examine the effects of interpreted virtuousness of actions on members' identification with and attachment to the organization through members' emotions, their self-construals and overall images of the organization. Our study sheds light on how sensemaking about the virtuousness of organizational actions influences members' cognitive and emotional connection to the organization.


abstract An ethnographic research project undertaken by the libraries of the School of Arts and Humanities at the University of Cambridge sought to understand the impact of academic/library relationships in a devolved institutional structure. The results of the research provided clear evidence of the high regard in which academic engagement with libraries is held by both academic and library staff in Arts and Humanities subjects. It underlined the academic perception of library staff as colleagues and confirmed the advantages of the current devolved structure. As subject libraries are inextricably bound up with Faculty matters, academic, administrative, or library-related, this familiarity and the contextualized knowledge it affords can be beneficial for academics with limited time. In addition, it means local libraries are able to provide the wider University library services with a head start in implementing new initiatives. The principal findings highlight collaboration, context, and empowered staff as underpinning successful academic engagement.


Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are current trends in the industrial automation world. They require connections of factory networks to the internet. This trend increases the vulnerability of factory networks to attacks. Here, we present an approach that monitors the activities of factory network traffic based on two linear feature extraction algorithms, i.e. LDA and PCA. A Machine-Learning-based approach is used to analyze the records of network connections from the UNSW-NB15 database and to detect and report anomalies such as malicious attacks. The experimental results show the feasibility of the provided method in accuracy, detection rate, and false alarm rate.


The present invention relates to a manufacturing method for a colored steel plate which is used for the exterior plate of home appliances and the interior and exterior plates for buildings and, more particularly, to a manufacturing method for a colored steel plate, which is to form a printed color layer (412) on the surface of a steel plate by comprising: a step of attaching ink to a printing roll; a step of transferring the ink on a blanket roll from the printing roll attached with the ink; and a step of printing the ink from the blanket roll to a steel plate. The printing roll comprises a core roll and a sleeve. The sleeve has an embossed or intaglio surface in order to transfer the ink onto the blanket roll in a desired shape. Through the manufacturing method, when replacing the pattern printed on the surface of the steel plate, a user can simply replace the sleeve with a new sleeve having an embossed or intaglio surface with a desired pattern.


Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in the vulnerable population young males, low-income individuals and members of ethnic minority groups.
Severe TBI, defined as head trauma associated with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of three to eight with loss of consciousness duration and altered mental status greater than 24 hours and post traumatic amnesia more than seven days.
In this resume of protocols article, a helpful review of the current status of management of severe TBI according to the recent up-dated brain trauma foundation 2016 and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2014 guidelines is present. A concise overview of the optimal medical management, and both the non-invasive and invasive monitoring strategies, as well as the indications of surgical interventions necessary in particular instances. It is important not only for trauma team but for all healthcare personnel to be aware of the management and prevention of complications of severe traumatic brain injury.


Cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is an essential bacterial second messenger that regulates the transition to biofilm formation in the phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora. The c-di-GMP system in E. amylovora is comprised of 12 diguanylate cyclase/Edc (dimerize cyclic-di-GMP) and phosphodiesterase/Pde (hydrolyze cyclic-di-GMP) proteins that are characterized by the presence of GGDEF and/or EAL motifs in their domain architecture. In order to study the global regulatory effect (without the inclusion of systemic regulatory impedance) of the c-di-GMP system in E. amylovora, we eliminated all 12 edc and pde genes in E. amylovora Ea1189Δ12. Comparisons between the representative transcriptomic profiles of Ea1189Δ12 and the combinatorial edc gene knockout mutant (Ea1189Δ5) revealed marked overall distinctions in expression levels for targets in a wide range of regulatory categories, including metabolic pathways involved in the utilization of methionine, isoleucine, histidine, etc. as well as critical signal transduction pathways including the Rcs phosphorelay and PhoPQ system. A complete loss of the cyclic-di-GMP signaling components resulted in the inability of Ea1189Δ12 cells to attach to and form biofilms in vitro and within the xylem vasculature in apple shoots. Using a flow-based in vitro biofilm system, we found that initial surface sensing was primarily dependent on the flagellar filament (FliC), following which the type IV pilus (HofC) was required to anchor cells to the surface to initialize biofilm development. A transcriptomic analysis of WT E. amylovora Ea1189 and Ea1189Δ12 cells in various stages of biofilm development revealed that cyclic-di-GMP based regulation had widespread effects on purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathways, amylovoran biosynthesis genes and the EnvZ/OmpR signal transduction system. Additionally, complementing individual eliminated genes back into Ea1189Δ12, and the collective evaluation of several virulence factors, enabled the correlative clustering of the functional effect rendered by each Edc and Pde enzyme in the system. Significance Cyclic-di-GMP dependent regulation, in the context of biofilm formation, has been studied in several bacterial systems. However, the comprehensiveness of the studies exploring the role of individual genetic components related to cyclic-di-GMP is affected by the often large number of diguanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase enzymes present within individual bacterial systems. To explore the evolutionary dependencies related to cyclic-di-GMP in E. amylovora, we used a collective elimination approach, whereby all of the enzymes involved in cyclic-di-GMP metabolism were eliminated from the system. This approach enabled us to highlight the critical importance of cyclic-di-GMP in plant xylem colonization due to its effect on surface attachment. Additionally, we highlight the global transcriptomic effect of cyclic-di-GMP dependent signaling at various stages of biofilm development. Our approach is aimed at exploring the regulatory role of individual cyclic-di-GMP related enzymes in a background that is free from any redundancy-based feedback.


TODAY (Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth) is a federally funded multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing three treatments of youth onset type 2 diabetes.


We characterized electrical slow wave activity in human stomach using intracellular electrical recording and suggested that previous studies may have under-estimated slow wave frequency (Rhee et al. 2011), because of the reliance on extracellular recording to monitor electrical activity in patients (e.g. Hinder & Kelly, 1977; O'Grady et al. 2010). We had shown previously that biopotentials recorded from gastric muscles with extracellular electrodes are largely movement artifacts due to muscle contractions and not reflective of authentic slow wave activity (Bayguinov et al. 2011). In his Letter to the Editor, Dr O'Grady and colleagues discount our results as artifacts and suggests that prostaglandin synthesis in gastric muscles caused abnormally high slow wave frequency in vitro (O'Grady, 2012). While no paper addresses all potential criticisms, our study controlled for the chronotropic effects of prostaglandins. We believe our paper makes an important contribution and raises questions about whether current evaluations of electrical rhythmicity in human patients are accurate when assessments are made with extracellular recording. Our findings also raise important questions about electrogastrography (EGG), which is used to measure gastric slow waves and diagnose electrical arrhythmias in patients. The value of these tests is questionable if this technique does not accurately record gastric electrophysiological events.

O'Grady et al. (2012) suggest that slow wave frequencies are elevated abnormally by positive chronotropic effects imposed by prostaglandins in gastric muscles in vitro. In support of this hypothesis they cite a study of feline stomach in which in vivo recordings were compared with recordings from gastric muscles after excision and dicing of the stomach into many pieces (Xue et al. 1995). O'Gradyet al. misstate the findings of this study when they say that indomethacin blocked the increase in slow wave frequency only when applied immediately after tissue dissection. In fact, Xue et al. report (on p. 161): "Krebs solution containing indomethacin (10 μm) was added to the water bath after the frequency had increased to a maximum (2 h after isolating the segments). The high slow wave frequency returned to the in vivo level (17.3 to 4, and 12.2 to 4 cpm, respectively) after 60 min" (Xue et al. 1995). We performed equivalent tests on human muscles (Rhee et al. 2011, see Supplemental Fig. 1C). Actually, the issue of prostaglandins was the first question we addressed after observing the frequency of slow waves in human muscles. We were aware of the chronotropic effects of prostaglandins in vitro because one of us (K. M. Sanders) published the first study documenting this phenomenon in canine muscles 30 years ago (Sanders & Szurszewski, 1981), and we have investigated the chronotropic actions of prostglandins in several subsequent studies of gastric muscles (e.g. Sanders, 1984; Forrest et al. 2009). In our recent study, indomethacin had only minor effects on slow wave frequency (Rhee et al. 2011) and did not 'restore' slow wave frequencies to values considered acceptable by O'Grady and Colleagues. We also tested other chronotropic factors that might have influenced slow wave frequency but our observations did not conform to the dogma that O'Grady et al. seem to view as unassailable.

There are problems using studies such as Xue et al. 1995 to refute our findings because that study employed extracellular recording to monitor slow wave activity. Extracellular electrical recordings are likely to be contaminated by muscle contractions (Bayguinov et al. 2011). When contractions are inhibited downstream of electrical slow waves, the biopotentials, typically claimed to be 'slow waves', disappear. Xue et al. 1995 made no attempt to suppress mechanical activity in excised muscles, so their conclusions about slow waves and slow wave frequency must be viewed with caution. Prostaglandins have dramatic effects on contractions of gastric muscles, and endogenous prostaglandins exert opposite effects in the proximal and distal stomach. In hundreds of hours of intracellular recording (e.g. Sanders & Szurszewski, 1981; Sanders, 1984; Forrest et al. 2009; Rhee et al. 2011) slow waves didn't 'disappear' and 'reappear' in response to changes in prostaglandin synthesis as was reported in various gastric regions and during different recording circumstances by Xue et al. 1995. Swings in contractile force and inhibitory effects in distal stomach and excitatory effects in corpus, rather than appearance and disappearance of slow waves, are likely to explain the mysterious occurrences and evanescence of 'slow waves' in various parts of the stomach during the course of their recordings. We recorded electrical slow waves in human gastric fundus (Rhee et al. 2011), but no one seems to find these events in the fundus with extracellular recording techniques (although small events are apparent in human gastric fundus in recordings of Hinder & Kelly, 1977). O'Grady et al. suggests that prostaglandins are responsible for the 'appearance' of slow waves in human fundus in vitro. They again misquote Xue and coworkers (1995) looking for support for this claim, but in fact the question of slow waves in the fundus in vitro was not addressed in that study.

In reading the historical motility literature, we note that few investigators have questioned whether muscle movement is a significant contaminant in extracellular recordings. O'Grady and colleagues assume that since extracellular recording has been used for so long by so many luminaries in motility research, controls, such as movement suppression, are unnecessary and they want us to accept the findings of these studies (and his; O'Grady et al. 2010) on faith. We do not discount all findings of previous investigations of gastric electrical rhythmicity, as O'Grady et al. claim, but our observations raise questions about the 'standard model' of gastric electrophysiology that has been developed from extracellular electrical recording and/or observation of movements. O'Grady et al. point to MRI studies as proof of the 3 cpm electrical rhythm in human stomach, but MRI measures movements and movements may be the source of the 3 cpm biopotentials recorded with extracellular electrodes (Hinder & Kelly, 1977; O'Grady et al. 2010). Movement artifacts may also be a factor in magnetic field measurements of gastric activity because the source of the magnetic field might move during contraction in relation to the SQUID device (Bradshaw et al. 2006). Our recent findings challenge a bedrock technique of gastrointestinal (GI) motility research (Bayguinov et al. 2011) and current dogma on human gastric electrophysiology (Rhee et al. 2011). In the majority of previous studies, important control experiments were either not possible when classical studies were performed or ignored. Techniques now exist to isolate the electrical and mechanical components of smooth muscle activity; muscle contraction can be inhibited without affecting electrical slow waves (Bayguinov et al. 2011). We also understand the limitations on resolving field potentials imposed by: (i) the morphology of GI muscles, (ii) the limited mass of regenerative tissue within GI muscles (<10% of cells are interstitial cells of Cajal; ICC), (iii) the mechanism of slow waves, and (iv) the current sink imposed by smooth muscle cells on active regeneration of slow waves in ICC. Thus, it is irresponsible for investigators to ignore obvious controls for extracellular recording. We should also note that investigators not so heavily invested in extracellular recording in human patients have found it easier to accept the necessity for proper controls when interpreting data derived from extracellular recording in the GI tract.


Nowadays, due to the rapid development of the cities and the information society, planners are reconsidering the way in which urban planning is done. In this framework, the collection of location-based social media data is beginning to be explored as an opportunity to obtain valuable information related with the whereabouts of the people and their activities, but further work should still be done to find suitable approaches to produce meaningful interpretations of that data. Considering these facts, this paper presents a research work that started from the assumption that an analysis of the aggregate activity generated by such networks can help us to unveil the emotions its users experiment in order to create maps, useful for urban analysis, that represent the "Emotional Areas" of the city. For this purpose, the examination and analysis of Foursquare data is proposed through the creation of a suitable algorithm that help making the interpretation of the data gotten into representations of the users' emotions and perceptions. The main focus is to explore how the flow of information generated by location-based social media could be used as a tool to understand people's feelings and sentiments about different city places. The work developed and the analysis made shows, on the one hand, that the analysis of the social interactions in real-time would contribute to produce a deeper insight about the dynamic aspect of the city and how the social virtual interactions and emotions could be related with the physical landscape, while, on the other hand, it provides a better understanding of the impact and potentialities of location-based social media data in the context of urban analysis.


Canine distemper virus(CDV) falls under the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family of viruses.There are reports of CDV infecting animals in the order Carnivora,but CDV primarily infects animals such as dogs,wolves,foxes,ferrets,and minks.The infection has a high mortality rate and causes enormous economy loss to the livestock industry.Therefore,vaccination and earlier diagnosis are effective ways to reduce the loss caused by the infection.This paper reviews methods of diagnosing CDV to provide a reference for CDV research.


In today's hi tech world, Social Media is professed as "the media". It has changed the concept of journalism; discovered rare and raw talents; and social networking sites have sparked revolutions. From the entertainment industry to political affairs, it has left its marks. The purpose of this research is to explore the role of social media in sharing information. Social media includes all types of web services that allow the users to create their profile and correspond with each other. With the evolving popularity of Social Media, some arbitrarily selected cases were studied and investigated in order to determine the role and function of Social Networking Sites. The study depicted that people have got their own media to heave their say and stand for their own rights. It is a symbol of true democratization of information. The unique nature of participation of Social Networking Sites cuts through all religion, caste and class barriers and yet does not perturb the typical eccentricity integral to various groups within the masses. The bottom-up communication is followed by masses these days than the top-bottom approach and hence, in a way, it is a Complete Media.


The analysis of business processes gradually becomes an integral part of modern business. It is a means that allows us to describe and understand its internal structure and behaviour. The environment of permanent competitive pressure requires businesses to be able to adapt to changing market conditions, or even change its organizational structure and production processes due to the need to satisfy customers' need the best way. Thinking about the mobility of the processes and the transfer of elements of the processes into mobile use has a significant impact on the structure of the processes, supporting technologies and changes in organization and management of the processes. The main difference is deciding what data should be accessible from which end device with consideration to the effectiveness of the mobile device as well as the management of the mobile processes. Transformation of processes into their mobile counterparts is usually focused on selected individual activities (parts of) the process.The article describes the use of models of mobile access and also relies on the results of own research.The results of the issue were made between the years of 2008 - 2010, under the grant by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (GACR), project No. 402/08/1046 "Models of Businesses with a Mobile-Oriented Architecture", realized at the Faculty of Informatics and Management at the University of Hradec Kralove.


SUBTITLE: DECISION EXTENDS LIABILITY LIMITATIONS IN OCEAN BILLS OF LADING TO MULTIMODAL PARTICIPANTS (INCLUDING TRUCKERS) ON LAND JOURNEY OF AN INTERNATIONAL SHIPMENT. INSURERS' SUBROGATED RECOVERIES LIKELY RESTRICTED BY COGSA'S $500-PER-PACKAGE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.


Low temperature performance of hot-applied bituminous crack sealant is a key factor which influences the effect of asphalt pavement crack filling and sealing. In order to describe the constitutive stress-strain relationship at low temperature, experimental tests of extension and stress relaxation of crack sealants, are presented in this paper. The generalized Maxwell model is chosen for curve-fitting to determine the material model. Comparison of fitted curve and experimental results proves that the generalized Maxwell model in Prony series is well suited for describing the experiment process. Moreover, finite element analysis method with material model defined by the generalized Maxwell model in Prony series is introduced for numerical solution of tension and stress-relaxation of crack sealants. By comparing the results of the numerical analysis and the tests, the conclusion can be made that the tension and the stress-relaxation of crack sealants may be accurately depicted by the generalized Maxwell model.


PURPOSE: An LED radiating lamp is provided to extend the lifetime of an LED by efficiently radiating heat from an LED through chimney and Bernoulli principles. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of LEDs(12) are mounted on a lower side of a PCB(14). An LED case protects an LED. A first heat radiation fin(52) primarily radiates heat generated from the upper side of the PCB through the LED. A second heat radiation fin(70) with a punched hole(54) is formed on the first heat radiation fin. A case unit(92) has one or more vents(22,24).


In November 2007 the new British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, announced that he wanted a national debate on a statement of values summing up what it means to be British. One reason for this was the demand to be made of immigrants that they take a 'citizenship test' that would check if they were able to adapt to the British way of life. If newcomers to the country could be expected to understand what Britishness is, then surely British people themselves should have no problem composing a detailed statement of British values, shouldn't they? A very different kind of citizenship test, known as the cricket test, was proposed in the 1980s by Norman Tebbit, a key figure in Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government (with support concentrated in the South of England). He simply asked who 'British' people supported when England played cricket against another country. He supposed that Britain's ethnic minorities might support the country of their origin, like Pakistan, India or the West Indies, thus making them 'not British' . So the claim to being British depended on supporting England; which seems to rule out not only the Indian British and the Pakistani British etc. but also the Welsh British and the Scottish British, who are even less likely to support England (not to mention the millions of Anglo-Saxon English people who are simply not interested in cricket).


The aim of this study is to analyse the attitudes of secondary school students towards the use of augmented reality applications in education. Concurrent triangulation research design which is one of the mixed model methods has been used in the study. The participants of the study consist of 44 students who are receiving education in the 6th grade of a secondary school in Siirt province during 2018-2019 academic year. Convenience sampling method has been used in the selection of the study group. In the quantitative part, ''Augmented Reality Applications Attitude Scale'' has been used in order to determine the attitudes of the participants related to the augmented reality applications. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interview form has been used. SPSS 21 program and descriptive analysis method procedures have been applied for data analysis. As a result of the data obtained from the study, it was found that augmented reality applications positively affect the attitude levels of secondary school students towards their use in education and they had positive opinions. In this study, it was observed that anxiety of the students regarding the use of augmented reality applications in education decreased and their willingness to use these applications increased. Students' satisfaction with the use of augmented reality applications in education increased; however, it was not statistically significant. In the study, it was seen that both male and female students had the same level of attitudes towards the use of augmented reality applications in education.