The utility model relates to the field of energy and can be used for ultra-deep cleaning and drying of energy oils, oil pipelines, oil tanks, lubrication systems, regulation and control from pollution of any chemical nature, sludge and water and is intended to increase the reliability and efficiency of the regulation and control systems, increase the resource of equipment and increase productivity.


In this article, we investigate the college teaching experiences of four first-generation and working-class (FGWC) sociology educators with varying social locations. We used collaborative autoethnography to compare our backgrounds and university navigational strategies employed and shared with our students and mentees. Using an intersectional lens, we find our experiences reflect both commonalities and divergences in the FGWC experience, including disclosure of our FG and/or WC origin status to students and our perceptions of how race, gender, and parental status shape our teaching of sociology across differing institutional settings. We end by using insights gleaned from comparing our experiences to provide recommendations for creating more inclusive classroom and institutional environments.


Give that statistical analysis is an essential component of foodservice-related research, the purpose of this review is to analyse research trends of statistical methods applied to foodservice-related research. To achieve these objective, this study carried out a content analysis on a total of 251 out of 415 research articles published in The Korean Journal of Culinary Research(TKJCR) from January 2010 to December 2013. Of the total 164 research articles focussing on natural science research, qualitative research, articles written in English were excluded from the scope of this study. The results of this study are as follows. First, it turned out that 269 research articles applied quantitative research methods, and only 10 articles applied qualitative research methods among the 279 research articles based on social science research methods. Second, 20 article (8.0%) among the 251 did not specify the statistical methods or computer programs that were used for statistical analysis. Third, it was found that 228 articles (90.8%) used the SPSS program for data analysis. Fourth, in terms of frequency of use, it was revealed frequency analysis was most used, followed in order by reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, variance analysis, and cross tabs analysis, However, 3 out of 56 research articles that used a t-test did not suggest a t-value. 10 out of 64 articles that used ANOVA and demonstrated a significant difference in between-group mean did not conducted post-hoc test. Therefore, the researchers with interest in foodservice fields need to keep in mind that choosing and applying the correct statistical technique both determine the value and the success or failure of a study. To enhance the value and success of a study, it is necessary to use the proper statistical technique in an efficient way in order to prevent statistical errors.


Low‐melting‐point solid‐state electrolytes (SSE) are critically important for low‐cost manufacturing of all‐solid‐state batteries. Lithium hydroxychloride (Li2OHCl) is a promising material within the SSE domain due to its low melting point (mp < 300 °C), cheap ingredients (Li, H, O, and Cl), and rapid synthesis. Another unique feature of this compound is the presence of Li vacancies and rotating hydroxyl groups which promote Li‐ion diffusion, yet the role of the protons in the ion transport remains poorly understood. To examine lithium and proton dynamics, a set of solid‐state NMR experiments are conducted, such as magic‐angle spinning 7Li NMR, static 7Li and 1H NMR, and spin‐lattice T1(7Li)/T1(1H) relaxation experiments. It is determined that only Li+ contributes to long‐range ion transport, while H+ dynamics is constrained to an incomplete isotropic rotation of the OH group. The results uncover detailed mechanistic understanding of the ion transport in Li2OHCl. It is shown that two distinct phases of ionic motions appear at low and elevated temperatures, and that the rotation of the OH group controls Li+ and H+ dynamics in both phases. The model based on the NMR experiments is fully consistent with crystallographic information, ionic conductivity measurements, and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamic simulations.


The current state of knowledge of the diversity for Alticinae recorded from Mexico is taken from the historical literature, determined specimens primarily in the U.S. National Museum, including material collected by the author, as well as from several other institutions. An Appendix is provided containing a list of generic and specific names recorded from Mexico, including the known distribution for each species by Mexican state and the source for that information. There are 89 genera and 524 species currently known from Mexico. Although preliminary, this is a significant increase from the published literature. The Alticinae species diversity per Mexican state is also provided. Some discussion of the Mexican Alticinae biogeographic affinities is given. The following changes in status are made: Syphrea bibiana Bechyné = Nesaecrepida infúscala (Schaeffer); Palaeothona Jacoby is raised from synonymy with Lupraea Jacoby and considered valid; Varicoxa Bechyné = Luperaltica Crotch; Kitschelina gracilis Jacoby is raised from synonymy with K. laeta (Perbosc) and considered valid; Aphthona dimidiaticornis Jacoby, A. fulvipennis Jacoby, A. maculipennis Jacoby, A. mexicana (Jacoby), A. pallipes (Jacoby), A. semipunctata Jacoby, and A. substriata Jacoby are all considered to be in Centralaphthona Bechyné; Aphthona amulensis Jacoby = Genaphthona Bechyné; Aphthonajulvitarsis Jacoby = Gioia Bechyné; A. championi Jacoby = Lupraea.


A float valve system for controlling an amount of liquid in a chamber is disclosed that includes a first valve seat (84) and a second valve seat (86). Liquid enters the chamber in a first direction to the first valve seat and is transferred in a second direction to the second valve seat. First and second actuating members (58, 60) are provided to selectively open and close the first valve seat and the second valve seat, respectively. A first float (52) is coupled to the first actuating member (58) so as to close the first valve seat upon fluid in the chamber reaching a first predetermined level and a second float (54) is coupled to the second actuating member (60) so as to close the second valve seat upon fluid in the chamber reaching a second predetermined level that is different from the first predetermined level.


The purpose of this study was to gain more knowledge regarding differences in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation among two groups of Swedish agency workers: Permanent and temporary employees. The Swedish agency business can be considered somewhat extraordinary compared to the rest of the world. Therefore it has not been studied to a great extent. This study was set out to fill the existing knowledge gap by comparing the two groups through a survey in two Swedish agency firms. The finding of the results revealed a significant difference among the two groups on intrinsic motivation, while no significant difference was found on the external motivation. The results showed that permanent agency workers scored higher than temporary agency workers on intrinsic motivation. This implied that intrinsic motivation was valued higher by permanent than by temporary agency workers within the Swedish agency business. (Less)


A molar absorptivity of 1.65--1.85×10~5 1·mole~(-1)·cm~(-1) can be obtained withchlorophosphonazo--p--NO_2 (CPApN) as the color--forming reagent in cetylpyridini--um chloride(CPC) in the determination of micro--amount of Th in grains. Beer'slaw is obeyed in the range of 0--8 μg Th in 25 ml solution. A deviation of lessthan 5% is observed for 23 interfering ions studied, some of which, however,need the addition of masking agents such as citric acid.


With change being the inherent property of each system, it becomes indispensable to keep the information base of the system state-of-the-art. With the dynamic requirements, systems are frequently upgraded and different versions of the software are retained in the repository to support historical queries. Versioning is not a new concept in the field of software engineering but nowadays there is a drift from just versioning to semantic versioning As SemVer is being adopted worldwide for versioning different software systems, it makes dependency hell a thing of the past and solves two problems of version lock and version promiscuity. This paper reveals the importance of associating well defined semantics with the versioning schemes to make users, either providers or consumers of the software clear about the dependency/compatibility issues. In this paper, the importance of SemVer has been conversed. The most important thing is to declare the piece of software as a public API in order to use semantic versioning otherwise associating meaning with the versioning scheme would be of no use.


Abstract:China's growing economic power has been identified as a major factor in generating profound transformations in the strategic landscape in Asia. Beijing's interest in using its economic power for the pursuit of geopolitical objectives remains strong. Many analysts believe that the ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) represents the continuation and even intensification of that interest. I unpack the role of China's economic power in its external relations by focusing on how Guangxi, a subnational government in China, has facilitated the emergence of the BRI. My study suggests that in-depth knowledge about local governments' activism in socioeconomic engagements with neighboring countries contributes significantly to a more nuanced understanding of China's power, particularly its economic power in Asia.


Introduction: No established technique for locating solitary carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder or CIS accompanying bladder cancer has been determined. Here we investigated whether the location of CIS of the urinary bladder can be macroscopically ascertained by instilling pirarubicin hydrochloride (THP) into the urinary bladder. Patients and Methods: We dissolved 50 mg of THP in 50 ml of distilled water, and instilled the resulting solution into the urinary bladder. After 5 min, the urinary bladder is examined using a cystoscope. The study group consisted of 30 subjects (23 men and 7 women). Results: THP uptake was seen in 19 flat (nontumorous) areas of the bladder mucosa in 13 patients. Of these, 11 lesions in 6 patients were confirmed to be CIS. THP uptake was also seen in flat malignant lesions such as bladder cancer invasion into the prostatic urethra, and in benign lesions such as chronic cystitis and urothelial hyperplasia. Conclusions: The present method can be useful to find easily and macroscopically the location of flat malignant lesions such as CIS.


The Hummingbird algorithm is applied in secure systems like RFID tags, wireless sensor nodes and smart integrated circuits. Hummingbird is a lightweight algorithm which consists of block cipher of 256-bit key and encrypts a 16bit data in one operation. In this paper, a block cipher for hummingbird algorithm is designed and implemented over Spartan-2 FPGA. The encryption and decryption unit are designed separately and finally, it is observed that the decrypted result perfectly matches with main data. The proposed architecture is planned to keep compact so that rest of reconfigurable areas of FPGA can be efficiently used for other purposes. As compactness is necessary for systems embedded with cryptography part, we expect that the proposed design can show technical usefulness.


AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To describe the contributing factors for pressure ulcer development in older Thai stroke patients in an urban community.

BACKGROUND
Pressure ulcers are a common problem signifying a source of morbidity and mortality in older stroke patients. In the past, most studies have focused on the physiological factors affecting pressure ulcer development. However, studies related to effect of stroke severity and psychosocial factors in community-based setting have not found.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey design.

METHODS
One hundred and sixty-eight older stroke patients from urban communities in three districts in metropolitan Thailand were recruited for this cross sectional study. Data were collected from the Skin Assessment Tool, the Braden scale, the Canadian Neurological Scale, the Social Support Questionnaire and the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale for each patient. The results were analysed using multiple logistic regression and the chi-square test.

RESULTS
Eighty older stroke patients who developed pressure ulcers (47·6%). The participants were aged between 60-93 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate the odds ratio. The significant predicting factors for pressure ulcers were activity, moisture, nutrition, friction and shearing and depression. Sensory perception, mobility, severity of stroke and social support were not found to be significant predictors.

CONCLUSIONS
Physiological factors and depression were found to be significant predicting factors for pressure ulcer development in older stroke patients living in an urban community.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
To help prevent pressure ulcers in older stroke patients, the findings suggest that healthcare providers assess activity, moisture, nutrition, friction and shearing, as well as psychological assessment for depression. The results indicate that models for pressure ulcer prevention merit further investigation.


Sub-wavelength metamaterial structures are of great fundamental and practical interest because of their ability to manipulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves. We review here our recent work on the design, simulation, implementation and equivalent circuit modeling of metamaterial devices operating at Terahertz frequencies. THz metamaterials exhibiting plasmon-induced transparency are realized through the hybridization of double split ring resonators on either silicon or flexible polymer substrates and exhibiting slow light properties. THz metamaterials perfect absorbers and stereometamaterials are realized with multifunctional specifications such as broadband absorbing, switching, and incident light polarization selectivity.


The formation of two isomers of C 82 with a metal inside, M@C 82 (M=Sc, Y, and La) was first identified by ESR spectroscopy. The production ratio of two isomers found for M@C 82 suggests that the cage structure of the isomers of M@C 82 is closely associated with those of the empty C 82 . However, contrary to the existence of four or more distinct isomers of empty C 82 , the observation of only two metallofullerene isomers strongly suggests that a metal is selectively encapsulated in the C 82 cages with particular structures


Review of D. de Moulins, 1997. Agricultural Changes at Euphrates and Steppe Sites in the Mid-8th to the 6th Millennium ВС.


After a brief review of basic terms and concepts of knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) and data mining, this article investigates aspects of sampling in data mining. A general scheme of sampling, and particular techniques used in data mining are discussed. The main objective of this article is to provide an overview on areas of KDD and data mining, where sampling approaches are applied.

Keywords:

knowledge discovery in databases (KDD);
data mining;
databases;
sampling;
data reduction;
scaling-up;
algorithms;
model validation


Background. For the reason that the meaning of the particles is understood from the content of the text, the particles listed as alternatives in translation dictionaries do not always match. Often, although there is no particle in the original, there are cases when the translation contains a particle or replaces the existing particle in the translation with another, rather than an alternative to it. Therefore, the amount of particles actually used in the translation process and the issue of their storage or acquisition are also of particular interest. This article explains the skill of using particles in English translations of Uzbek texts. Materials and methods. Like the Uzbek intensifying particles, the English language has a special group of "Emphatic or intensifying particles" that serve to reinforce the idea expressed in the sentence. Very is one of such words as even, yet, still, all, just, simply, never, but, only, quite, too -compatible with intensifying particles ҳатто, ҳаттоки, наҳотки, ахир, ҳам.


Compression, and relaxation of a reinforcement fabric during composite manufacturing dictates mold design, resin flow, and fiber volume fraction of resultant composite; and single layer fabric architecture, and numbers of layers in a fabric stack change the compressibility character of overall reinforcement material. This study dealt with the effect of knit architecture and number of layers on dry compression and relaxation responses of weft knitted fabrics from glass yarn. Fabric architectures of 1x1, 2x2, English, and Fisherman ribs were selected. The thicknesses of single-, double-, and triple-fabric layers from same knit architectures were measured under compression and recovery pressures ranging from 2 to 200 kPa. Areal densities of single layer fabrics were measured. 2x2 and fisherman rib fabric architectures exhibited higher thickness, areal density and fiber volume fraction than 1x1 and English rib fabric architectures due to their nested and compact structures. Due to nesting between adjacent layers; multi-layer fabrics demonstrated higher fiber content than single layer fabrics. The difference between the compression and recovery thicknesses proved the existence of dissipated energy. Compression curves - the relationship between fiber volume fraction and compression pressure - classified by number of layers were fitted by square equation with fairly high determination of coefficients (R2).


Fixed-time fault-tolerant control (FTC) problem for spacecraft is investigated, in the disturbances,actuator failures and inertial uncertainties. An adaptive non-singular terminal sliding mode control method is derived to ensure closed-loop system stability in the fixed-time sense. Specifically, a novel fixed-time double-power terminal sliding mode surface is presented to strike a balance between the quick response and the small overshoot. Numerical simulations show that the scheme has low control input, small overshoot and good tracking performance during control processes with actuator failures.


Harmonious society is a new social model,and harmony is human's harmony.Interpersonal harmony is an important symbol of a harmonious society,and harmony of individual personality is the eternal pursuit of a harmonious society.Harmonious personality is the concrete manifestation of personality theory of Marxism in the process of building harmonious society in China;it is also the basic paradigm of human's character,and it is the key to shape a harmonious personality.


The article analyzes the state of the economy and the emerging trends resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential risks (external and internal) on economic development are outlined and an analysis of the prospects in the medium and long term is made. The processes of changes in the banking sector related to the redistribution of the financial services market have been identified and analyzed. With regard to the labor market, it is concluded that labor resources are irreversibly declining, and the qualitative characteristics of the workforce become essential. The fact that the flexibility of the labor supply depends to a large extent on people in the older age groups is considered an unfavorable trend. With regard to the development of the National Recovery and Resilience plan, it is concluded that Bulgaria continues to lag behind within the EU both in terms of the time of submission of the plan and in terms of the degree of coverage of individual criteria and access to financial resources.


To describe the epidemiological features of perinatal cleft lip with or without cleft palate(CL±P) from 1996 to 2004 in Fujian.All live or still births with 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days after birth were assessed in 22 surveillance hospitals.\The prevalence rate of CL±P was 12.61/10 000(CL and CLP were 4.86/10 000 and 7.75/10 000 respectively).The rates were 11.44/10 000 and 14.21/10 000 in urban and rural area,and 14.26/10 000 and 10.40/10 000 in male and female respectively.There was no significant difference among maternal-age-specific prevalence rates.And no decreasing trend was found during this period.The rate of isolated form in CL±P was 80.6%.The perinatal fatality rate of CL±P was 29.7%,and the rate in isolated forms was 20.0%,and in syndromic was 70.1%.No decreasing trend of prevalence rate of CL±P was observed during 1996-2004.It is still the highest (preva)lence of birth defect in Fujian and males were predominant in this defect.


Resistance in Enterococcus faecium to the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin is encoded by five genes: vanR, vanS, vanH, vanA , and vanX.1 The mechanism of resistance involves replacement of the dipeptide D-Ala-D-Ala, destined for the peptidoglycan layer with the depsipeptide D-Ala-D-lactate. This alteration lowers the binding affinity of vancomycin for the bacterial cell wall by a factor of 1000. The functions of VanA and VanX are the ligation of D-Ala and D-lactate, and the hydrolysis of D-Ala-D-Ala, respectively. We report here the overexpression of both genes as well as the D-Ala-D-Ala ligase (Ddl) from Enterococcus faecium , development of a coupled assay and several inhibitors obtained by high-throughput screening (HTS). All genes were expressed in E. coli by translational coupling to kdsB , the CMP-KDO synthetase gene, under control of a modified lac promoter. The coupled VanA/VanX assay employs colorimetric detection of inorganic phosphate (Pi) released in the VanA ligation reaction, with the VanX dipeptidase activity providing the D-Ala substrate for VanA. A secondary VanX assay uses cadmium-ninhydrin calorimetric detection of free amino acid released by the dipeptidase activity of the enzyme on D-Ala-D-Ala. We have also developed an assay using Ddl ligase. Over 250,000 compounds have been screened to date using the coupled assay.


Several 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine (dtpy) derivatives substituted at the 4-position were synthesized, and their structural, photophysical, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The studies proved the attractiveness of this new class of compound as building blocks for materials science, coordination chemistry, and supramolecular chemistry and also revealed the possible tuning of their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescence properties through the modification of the structure of the substituent. The thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical behavior of the compounds was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and for selected compounds by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV/Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Additionally, their selected properties were investigated theoretically by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The electroluminescence abilities of the synthesized compounds were preliminary tested in host–guest light-emitting diodes.


Patients with alexithymia are a challenge to engage in treatment and require a diverse range of interventions to realize benefit. A partial hospitalization treatment program, offering multiple forms of group therapy in an integrated system, may be particularly helpful for patients with alexithymia. We examine the course of treatment for one alexithymic patient who participated in an 18-week intensive groupand dynamically oriented treatment program in Edmonton. Group support and feedback emerged as important elements in the treatment approach. Other features of the approach overlap with treatment guidelines for alexithymia found in the literature. C � 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol.: In


Deadlines for making commodity program decisions for each Farm Service Agency farm are well into the future. February 27, 2015 is the deadline for yield updating and acre reallocation decisions. March 31, 2015 is the deadline for program choice decisions. Market outlook and projected program payments will be clearer as deadlines approach. As a result, there is no need to rush these decisions. However, obtaining the necessary information to make decisions for each farm is a good task for now. FSA sent a letter in August containing current base acres, program yields, and acres planted from 2009 through 2012. In addition, yields from 2009 through 2013 will be needed when making commodity program decisions.


Well dispersed ZnSe nanoparticles have been prepared in ethylene glycol and NaOH aqueous solution as reaction medium by hydrothermal method using ZnNO3·6H2O and Se as source materials.TG-DTA,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and photoluminescence(PL) were used to investigate the structure,morphologies and optical properties of ZnSe nanoparticles.At ambient temperature,ZnSe nanoparticles had a good thermostability.ZnO nanocrystal can formed at above 450℃ from ZnSe nanoparticles with O2 in air.The results of XRD and TEM indicated that the structure of the as-prepared samples was the cubic zinc blende,and the average size of nanoparticles becomes bigger with the increase of reaction time.Photoluminescence measurements were also carried out,which indicated that the nanoparticles have much better crystallization and better photoluminescence behaviors.


Purpose
This study aims to propose an optimal procurement model of the collaborative supply chain in the furniture industry. The final output is the total cost minimisation to produce a furniture product that covers material cost, processing cost, transportation cost and holding cost. Therefore, if companies can give the best value to customers at a low cost, then competitive advantages can be achieved.

Design/methodology/approach
A genetic algorithm (GA) as a metaheuristic approach was used to solve problems in this research. The optimisation was initiated by developing a mathematical model to formulate the objective function.

Findings
Based on the case study, the proposed GA model was able to reduce the total cost of production. The cost was reduced by 73.09% compared to the existing system. Besides, the production time of the proposed model is within the capacity of both companies; hence, no penalty cost is imposed.

Practical implications
The proposed GA model has been implemented and tested to minimise production costs in the Indonesian furniture industry.

Originality/value
To the best of author knowledge, there is no research has proposed an optimisation model that incorporates production cost, transportation cost and production time capacity together in the collaborative supply chain. This research is the first to collaborate these factors using GA in the furniture industry.


variant is correlated with the occurrence of pelvic lymph nodemetastasis and biochemical (PSA) recurrence in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Ehm2is an androgen-regulated gene that has been associated with metastasis in other systems, so wesought to determine if it is expressed in prostate cancer and if the FGFR-4 Arg


Thirty‐four patients with basal cell carcinoma of the anus were treated in Denmark between 1943 and 1974. The tumours were usually between 1 and 2 cm in diameter and localized to the anal margins. Three tumours had a diameter of 10 cm and extended into the anal canal. In one case the tumour had spread to the regional lymph nodes. Modes of treatment were wide local excision (27 patients), abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (4 patients), colostomy combined with radiotherapy (1 patient) and radiotherapy alone (2 patients). Local recurrence was observed in 8 cases. After retreatment (re‐excision: 5 patients), excision of the rectum (1 patient) and radiotherapy (2 patients), no recurrences were observed in the follow‐up period (>5 years). The crude 5‐year survival rate was 72·6 per cent. The death rate was not higher than in the normal population of the same age and sex and no death was due to the basal cell carcinoma.


This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Preschool Language, Literacy, and Behavior Screener (PLLB-S). We examined and tested the factor structure of the PLLB-S using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We further conducted internal consistency, concurrent validity, and predictive validity analyses and evaluated teacher satisfaction using PLLB-S. Our factor analyses resulted in 22 items distributed among three subscales with high internal consistency: Oral language, emergent literacy, and behavior skills. The PLLB-S and its subscales correlated moderately to strongly with standardized measures. The emergent literacy of the PLLB-S was the only subscale that significantly predicted children's later vocabulary knowledge. Preschool teachers reported high satisfaction with the content and purpose of the questionnaire. We concluded that this tool with sound psychometric properties can potentially help increase the feasibility and efficiency of implementing standardized assessments in MTSS frameworks in preschool classrooms.


Obesity is a growing epidemic. Obesity is not just a cosmetic matter but a serious health problem. Obesity is part of the metabolic syndrome and an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and, notably, for myocardial infarction. 1 Mechanistically, the common denominator underlying the metabolic syndrome, the development and progression of systemic atherosclerosis, and ultimately even the acute initiation of myocardial infarction by the rupture of an atherosclerotic coronary plaque is inflammation.2 Apparently, not all obesity is created equal, in that abdominal/visceral adipose tissue is a particular risk factor3 and a particular source of inflammation.4 More specifically, visceral adipose tissue differs from subcutaneous adipose tissue in that visceral adipose tissue produces and secretes cytokines, as well as factors that promote vasoconstriction and thrombosis.5

See accompanying article on page 2063

Clearly, obesity results from an energetic imbalance of caloric intake and expenditure; clearly, also, there is a genetic predisposition to such energetic imbalance through a number of factors that affect energy metabolism, its neuroindocine control, and energy expenditure and its efficiency. The most …


A mathematical model for estimation of probability of forwarding service application escape has been proposed. The simular model algorithm for definition of escape probability for one vehicle has been worked out. On the basis of the simulation a regression model of escape probability for one vehicle has been determined.


FIELD: information technologies. SUBSTANCE: system supports semi-permanent and non-permanent assignments of resources. Semi-permanent assignment of resources is valid until data is still sent during earlier specified period of time of the last sent data, and is ended, if the data is not sent within a previously specified period of time. Non-permanent assignment of resources is valid within previously specified duration or specific transfer. Semi-permanent assignment of resources may be provided for expect hit of data for sending via communication line. For Voice over IP protocol (VoIP) semi-permanent assignment of resources may be provided for voice frame anticipating hit of voice activity, and non-permanent assignment of resources may be provided for frame of silence descriptor (SID) during period of silence. EFFECT: efficient assignment of resources for traffic hits. 11 cl, 10 dwg


Sweet sorghum stalks (42% sugar, dry basis (d.b.)) and bagasse (10% sugar, d.b.) from a cane mill were stored to preserve sugar. Bagasse and stalks were stored outdoors in sealed containers (anaerobic conditions). Treatments included using carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide atmospheres or surface spraying with propionic acid or aqueous ammonia. Stalks were also stored outdoors under aerobic conditions. Treatments included drying the stalks or spraying with propionic acid. After 200 days, propionic acid (anaerobic) and SO/sub 2/-treated stalks had 34% and 19% of the original sugar remaining, respectively. No other samples had more than 3% of the original sugar remaining. 28 references, 6 tables.


In this paper, we introduce a condition $\mathrm{(F}_m'\mathrm{)}$ on a field $K$, for a positive integer $m$, that generalizes Serre's condition (F) and which still implies the finiteness of the Galois cohomology of finite Galois modules annihilated by $m$ and algebraic $K$-tori that split over an extension of degree dividing $m$, as well as certain groups of \'etale and unramified cohomology. Various examples of fields satisfying $\mathrm{(F}_m'\mathrm{)}$, including those that do not satisfy (F), are given.


Schizophrenia is a life-shortening disease. The standardized mortality ratio has been higher than that of the general population, and it has doubled what it was 3-4 decades ago. This rise is mostly attributed to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with high second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) use. Evidence from the first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) era shows a lower prevalence of hypertension (HTN) but data regarding SGAs is scarce. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of HTN and related factors using standardized methodology in patients with schizophrenia on treatment with SGAs. A cross-sectional study through convenient sampling was done. Blood pressure, anthropometry, physical activity, and health-related lifestyle factors were assessed using the standard World Health Organization (WHO) methodology of cardiovascular survey methods and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) version 2. The prevalence of HTN, obesity, inadequate physical activity, and other demographic and clinical correlates like antipsychotic use, duration of illness, and family history of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were studied. The prevalence of HTN is 20.50%, and it increases with age. SGAs with the use of a single agent are the most common. In total, 45.50% of persons with schizophrenia have a positive family history of a NCD; 22.00% and 07.50% are current tobacco and alcohol users, respectively; and 70% have abdominal obesity, and 54% have generalized obesity. Waist circumference, obesity, and family history of NCDs are significant correlates of HTN. A family history of NCDs is the most significant predictor. The prevalence of HTN is lower than that of the general population despite the high prevalence of SGA use, obesity, and inadequate physical activity.


This guide will help you use Encyclopedia of Alabama database located in Alabama Virtual Library (AVL). To sign up for Alabama Virtual Library.


This article reports on a survey of New Zealand teachers, designed to assess their experiences of distance learning during the COVID-19 lockdowns. The survey gathered detailed quantitative and qualitative data from 31 schoolteachers who had previously experienced professional development in digital learning. The questions addressed many areas of practice, including the issues faced by teachers in the move to online distance learning, the impacts on relationships with students, families, and other staff, the impacts on workload and practice, and the experience of working intensively with digital technologies. The results suggested that this group of relatively well-prepared teachers were able to effectively move their practice online in a short period of time and, in most cases, to maintain the relationships with, and the learning of, their students. However, there were some indications in the data that learners from the Māori community faced resource challenges in successfully transitioning to online distance learning.


Deep learning techniques are renowned for supporting effective transfer learning. However, as we demonstrate, the transferred representations support only a few modes of separation and much of its dimensionality is unutilized. In this work, we suggest to learn, in the source domain, multiple orthogonal classifiers. We prove that this leads to a reduced rank representation, which, however, supports more discriminative directions. Interestingly, the softmax probabilities produced by the multiple classifiers are likely to be identical. Experimental results, on CIFAR-100 and LFW, further demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.


China's rare-earths industry association has come out in favor of retaliatory action against the latest threatened tariff to be imposed by the United States, describing the US tactic as "hegemony" and "bullying."


In the East Asian maritime competition of the mid- 17th century,as to the encroachment of Dayuan by Western maritime powers,and their unequal trade and piracy,ZHENG Chenggong always insisted on his claim for the sovereignty of Dayuan,and at the same time he took such moves as negotiating,claiming indemnity and signing treaties. This series of diplomatic moves were not only effective in safeguarding China's maritime rights and interests,but also very uncommon in the foreign relations of traditional Chinese society which took "tributary system"for its subject. This process reflected the operational characteristics of ZHENG Chenggong and his maritime regime which was based on maritime social economy. The inherent civilization elements were valuable assets for China to bring itself to the oceans.


This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of alfalfa replacement with fenugreek hay for ruminants, using in vitro gas production parameters and some of rumen fermentation characteristics. For this propose, five different total mixed rations were formulated to meet nutrient requirements of 35 kg growing lambs with gradually replacement of alfalfa in control diet (T1) with different levels of fenugreek hay (25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively T 2, T3, T4 and T5). In vitro gas production (mL/200 mg DM) was determined at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. Ammonia-N concentration (mg/dL) and pH of rumen liquor was determined immediately after removal. Gas production was increased with increasing levels of fenugreek (P<0.05). Significant increases of gas production from insoluble fraction (b) were observed with increasing levels of fenugreek hay (P<0.05). A same trend was observed for potential gas production (a+b, P<0.05). Also, the constant rate of gas production (c) of T2, T3 and T4 were significantly higher than control, but the differences between T3, T4 and T5 were not significant. Replacement of fenugreek at 25 and 75 percent significantly increased final pH compared to control (100% alfalfa) (P<0.05), but the differences between T3, T5 and control and between T3, T4 and T5 were not significant. Short chain fatty acids production (mmol/200 mg DM) was significantly greater in treatments with 50% or more fenugreek substitution (P<0.05). Organic matter digestibility of treatments containing 50% or more fenugreek hay (T3, T4 and T5) were significantly higher than control (P<0.05). Similarly, estimated metabolisable energy content of these treatments were higher than control (P<0.05). According to these results, it can be concluded that fenugreek can provide highly valuable forage for ruminants with comparable feeding values with alfalfa, and alfalfa can be replaced completely in ration with fenugreek hay without any problem.


This study, taking as its starting point Lawrence Friedman's and David Nelken's contribution to the elaboration of the concept of "Legal Culture", interprets some convergent judgments made by the Constitutional Court of three European countries—Italy, France, and Portugal—from the perspective of "legal culture". To avoid the tautology of explaining culture by invoking cultural norms, it seems possible either to leave "legal culture" in the background in empirical research or to refer to a more succinct concept, such as "legal experience". This approach is consistent with the theory of legal pluralism and projects the law into the broader field of cultural problems. From this perspective, the apparent uniformity and rationality of the decisions offered by the structural-functionalist analysis, especially its European version, is called into question. In the cases analyzed, we tried to focus on the legal experience, and we have found that the legal background to those rulings allows the formation in neo prohibitionist and abolitionist Countries, a common internal legal culture, which conveys a public ethic, defending human dignity, that has its roots in a common European civilization.


First in first out (FIFO) queue is currently used in media access control (MAC) protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. As a result, the head-of-line blocking might be happened. Based on power controlled multiple access protocol (PCMA), a MAC protocol without head-of-line blocking (PCMA+) was proposed. Simulation shows that, compared with PCMA in which FIFO queue is adopted, a good improvement will be obtained when in use of PCMA+.


Pulmonary artery sarcoma is an extremely rare cause of pulmonary artery obstruction. Because of its similarity in clinical presentations and radiographic findings to pulmonary thromboembolism, the tumors are frequently misdiagnosed and its true incidence is probably underestimated. Herein, we describe a patient with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism who was later found to have pulmonary artery sarcoma. We also review the distinguishing clinical and radiographic characteristics of the 2 diseases.


In this paper, a damage detection algorithm based on the Morlet wavelet transform of the vibration signal is presented. In the rst part of the paper, an expression for the energies of wavelet coe cients (damage sensitive feature vectors) using the Morlet wavelet basis is derived for a multi-degree of freedom system. It is shown that the energies of the wavelet coe cients extracted at higher scales are functions of the physical parameters of the system and the loading function. Subsequently, a damage detection algorithm using the t-test and a damage measure to quantify the damage extent in the vibration signals is presented. Finally, the algorithm is tested using the numerically simulated datasets of the ASCE Benchmark Structure. The e ect of noise on these datasets is also studied.


In 10 years as a client retention consultant to the services management industry, I've become certain of one thing: relationships are one of the most important keys to retaining clients and accounts. I realize this statement packs the wallop of saying that the World Trade Center Towers are pretty tall buildings. And yet, while everyone knows relationships are vital to retaining business, few public relations firms have developed a method of establishing the multitiered relationships needed to protect themselves ... particularly with large, complex accounts. As we know from recent examples in the advertising industry, even established accounts can no longer be taken for granted. Smith/Greenland Inc. lost Schieffelin & Somerset after 26 years, Ammirati & Puris lost BMW of North America after 18 years and Backer Spielvogel Bates lost the Miller Lite account after 17 years. And in May, IBM announced it was dismissing more than 40 agencies it had worked with around the world and would work with one shop. While clients may make the decision to switch at any time, there is a way to control and manage the risk of losing accounts. Lessons from a spider The Nephila, a spider that inhabits the rain forests of South America, has something to teach us about protecting accounts. The spider, which measures about the size of your hand, has thrived in the rain forest for centuries. It is capable of building a web 10 to 12 feet in diameter, made of a series of interwoven strands carefully tied to strategic locations in its habitat. Once this web is completed, it lasts for years. And even though the Nephila spends most of its time near the center of the web, because of the web's sensitivity, the spider knows immediately when an insect has been trapped. From the web's vibrations, the spider knows not only how large the insect is but also its general type. Within the web, the spider can pick and choose which "entanglements" it will pursue and which it will leave for another time. Finally, the web's effectiveness lies in its invisibility. How does the web of this South American spider relate to your business? For each account, every member of a public relations firm must actively participate in weaving an analogous "web of influence" that will communicate vital information about each of the firm's clients. Every president of a firm knows there's a high probability of working with several contacts during the life of a project at a large firm and, for certain, during a long-term relationship. And yet, relationships often are left to the account executive to create, instead of being planned, pursued and nurtured by the firm. While every account executive has the best intentions of keeping the account, the press of business usually limits their relationships to the few people they connect with. These connections alone won't protect the firm's interests. Even a solid relationship at the executive level isn't enough when client decision-makers change or when technical problems strain the association between the firm and its client. In the case of Smith/Greenland Inc., a change in management at Schieffelin & Somerset was a turning point that led to the loss of the business. According to The New York Times, CEO Leo Greenland attributes his firm's dismissal to the arrival of a new senior vice president at his former client. His son, Drew Greenland, S/G's executive vice president, said that those in client management felt "a desire to 'put their signature'" on the situation. Often, he said, clients change firms to show "management in action"--whether it's needed or not. Even if the client who gave the nod to the finn stays in place, the technical performance of the firm is likely to hit a snag at some point during the association. When the creative effort isn't quite right or the copy doesn't click, dissension often surrounds the technical problem--dissension that can overwhelm even the strongest personal bond. …


Solid-state batteries (SSBs) that pair a lithium metal anode with an inorganic solid electrolyte hold promise to simultaneously improve the energy density, power density and safety as compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. However, the development of SSBs is confronted with challenges including electrochemical-transport-mechanics interplay and morphological instability at various solid-solid interfaces. Toward achieving practical SSBs, gaining a fundamental understanding of the mechanistic interactions and systematically correlating those to interface stability and performance is critical. In this presentation, we delineate the distinct asymmetry in the electrochemical-mechanical interaction, limiting mechanisms and interface response during operation. The mechanistic role of heterogeneities that underlie at solid-solid interfaces on the stress-transport-kinetics interplay will be discussed.


sense of }lis responsibility to his patient to do the best in his power for hiimii, anid of lhis responsibility to the law, wlhielh has entrusted tlhe,patient to hiis care. From this point of view I can see nio real lifference between miiechaniical restrainit and any other form of restraint wlhich lie constanitly employs in his treatment of hiis patients, or the use of powerful drugs and otlher mieans of treatment. Under suclh circumnstanices I naintain strongly that at tllis time of day regulation by statute of a pa-irticular form of treatment is unidesirable. In the earlier lunacy statutes, wlhen the abuses of restrainit were muclh nearer, nlo aittempt was made to restrict it by statute; the matter was left -as it slhould be-to the genieral progress of medical opinion. If it is maintained, oln the otlherlhand, that n.o righit shiould he allowed ever to use meclhanical restraint, that it shlldlbe absolutely forbidden by statute, that would b?e anl intelligible p)ositioni to take up, but one wlillch, I think, -any legislator would refuse to assume. I do not wislh to enter into a discussion sciS to the use of mecllanical restraint; for imy pul)pose it is sufficient that I tlhink wve are nearly all agreed thtat il is in certain cases a justifiable method of treatment. Tlhe all I plead for is freedom--freedom to use it as we use other means of treatment, witlhout being branded witlh doiing somentling whlichl it nieeds an Act of Parliament to restrict, and( wlhichl is associated in the public mind with all sorts of abuses andhlorr-ors. The modern imildk forms of mechlaniical restrainit and the medical uses to wlichl they are put are as distinct from the old forms of coercion as a modern lhospital for the insane is from tIn old( " madh(llouse "; and it is muclh to be regretted that this section, which gives colour to coinfouniding tIme twQ and to l)prpertu(-tilg old ideas and prejudices, should lhave founid a plalice in the1 latest Act of Parliamelnt as to the care of .the insano. (g). Section 1138, subsection 1, empowering the Commismissioners in Luinacy to make rules is objectioniable as beingo, very dangerously wide in its terms, anld opens the door (itdeed, h-as already openied it, as is evidenlt from the rules issued by tIe Comimissioners, on the Act coming into operation) to the Comm-iiissioiners under the head of rules, making kenactments wlichl in no sense differ from statutory ones, and have equal force. Throughout the Act, indeed, there is a distinct tendency to increase the powers and authority of the Commissioners, anid to draw more tightly the reins of official control, a tendency wlhiel, in my humble opinion, is in the wrong direction a,s regards the influence of medical ideas, especially if we bear in mind the great preponderance of the legal an(l lay (lement in tlle composition of tlle Board, and the growing teoldency to appoint as medical commissioners mrien who, however emiiiinent and distilnguislhed, have had no special experience of insanity and its treatmenit, or of the practical (questions and difficulties conn-ected witlh the management of a-sylums. I have niov, g,entlemnen, finished my task of criticism. It is for you to say whiether I have or have not substantiated the general opinion wlhichl I ventured to express, that the latest form whichl lunacy legislationl has assumned is, on the whole, retrocrade and (lisappoiiiting. I slhould like, before I close this address, which has already run to a greater lengtlh than I intended or than I fear is acceptable to you, to say a very few words as to tlle future. It may be hoped that iii time amendment will be obtained to some of the more objectionable provisions; but medical effort slhould be devoted to laying the foundations for a wider and sounder schinem of lunacy legislatioin when the time comes that time Lunacy Act, 1890, will, in its turn. be found wanting. I would venture, wvith diffidence, but still, with some confidence, to predict that in future legislation, if the medical .profession is true to itself and the best interests of the insane, medical opinion and medical influence will lhave far more weight tlan they lave at present. The following rough heads are indications of the directions in wlhiclh I think reform should go: 1. Insanity and its treatment ought to form an integral part -of medical education aiid of medical examination. 2. No one sliould be allowed to grant a lunacy certificate -without being possessed of satisfactory evidence of com,petency. 3. TIme same shlould apply, in a higher degree, to all seeking ,appointments as medical officers of asylums. 8 4. The appointment of district medical inspectors, and of official certifiers, who should act in_consultation with the medical attendant. 5. Inspection should take more the form of provision being made for more frequent visitation of individual patients by independent medical authority, and less of mere inspection of the asylum itself. 6. Diminution of the bureaucratic character of the Board of Commissioners, and restriction of their powers, whichl are now extraordinary and unparalleled; and the Commissioners to form more a medical board, composed of men of special experience in the treatment of the insane, wlho should assume more responsibility in dealing with individual cases. 8. Great simplification in legal formalities, a vast number of which at present arise practically from doubt as to the efficiency of medical opinion and medical care. Medical officers of asylums ought to be relieved from all responsibility as to the correctness of certificates, orders, etc. 9. The cumbrous and costly method of finding a person insane by inquisition to be done away with or much simplified, and the visitation of those so found to be secured by the same means as are provided for the insane generally. These ideas may seem very Utopian and more adapted for 1991, but, after all, even now, the medical opinion is the motor power, without which the most complicated legal machinery is practically a dead letter; and I feel satisfied that for the sake of the insane themselves, as well as for the more effectual protection of their friends and the public generally against the consequences of insane conduct and impulses, the proper course is to rely less on legal forms and restrictions, and more on the careful competent medical examination of the patient before admission, anid the judgment and experience of the medical man to whose care lie is entrusted, supplemented by the visitation of and opportunity of consultation with an independent medical authority. The diagnosis of insanity, and the proper treatment needed for its varying forms are medical questions, althouglh they mnust be carried on under legal restrictions. May we not hope that the time will come when these legal restrictions will become more sanctions and helps to proper treatment, and not, as they too often are now, hindrances and obstacles?


The restrictive nature of EU standing rules has long been controversial. They were reformed in Art 263(4) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which added another head of standing to the existing two heads. Despite this addition, standing continues to be a considerable hurdle to direct challenges. This article seeks to explain why. It does so on two levels. First, it explains how the courts' interpretation of the third head makes it very difficult for most claimants to satisfy. In so doing, it highlights both the flaws in this interpretation, as well as the possibility of adopting more liberal interpretations fully consistent with the text of Art 263(4). Second, it examines, more fundamentally, why the courts support narrow admissibility criteria, even after the opportunity they were given in the Lisbon Treaty to potentially relax those criteria. These justifications in favour of the present approach are exposed as unsatisfactory, and falling short of the court's own promises of effective judicial protection.


Institutional capacity of the environmental protection bureaus is usually ignored in the analysis of investments in environmental protection.Generally,researchers,especially those who are in the camp of environmental Kuznets Curve would attribute differences in the environmental investment to differences in the level of economic development and personal income.However,in developing countries,clear evidence has shown the will and capacity of environmental protection agencies are critical to investments in environmental protection.This article,based upon the statistical data and literature on institutional and economic analysis of government agency has verified the above observation.The article reveals that human capital owned by local environmental protection bureaus has a statistically significant and positive effect on monetary investment in environmental protection.However,regions that have a better capacity to fulfill the national requirements on environmental information collection and processing tend to invest less in environmental protection.A plausible explanation is that the indicator and evaluation system has been set up in a manner that does not encourage such regions to take voluntary actions to pursue environmental excellence.The conventional wisdom is proved to be true of another case,that is,the higher level of the local economic development and the better industrial protection of the local environment,the more environmental investment.


[T]here are no women in the third world. Suleri, 1989: 20 Introduction In her influential and controversial essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?" Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak recounts the tale of a mysterious suicide: "A young woman of sixteen or seventeen, Bhubaneswari Bhaduri, hanged herself in her father's modest apartment in North Calcutta in 1926. The suicide was a puzzle since, as Bhubaneswari was menstruating at the time, it was clearly not a case of illicit pregnancy" (1988b: 307). Because Bhubaneswari "had known that her death would be diagnosed as the outcome of illegitimate passion," we are told, "[s]he had . . . waited for the onset of menstruation" (307). Some years later, when Bhubaneswari's nieces are asked about the suicide, they say that "it was a case of illicit love " (308). Spivak confesses in A Critique of Postcolonial Reason that contemplation of "this failure of communication" had "so unnerved" her that, in her initial discussions of Bhaduri's suicide she had been led to write, "in the accents of passionate lament: the subaltern cannot speak!" (1999: 308; see also 1988b, 1985b). The lament arose from her realization that the subaltern in general, and the "historically muted subject of the subaltern woman" in particular, was inevitably consigned to being either misunderstood or misrepresented through the self-interest of those with the power to represent (1988b: 295).


Petunia secreta is a rare and endemic species, that was found in two different landscapes, approximately 21 Km apart from each other. In this study we showed that P. secreta presented high genetic diversity that was equivalent to or even higher than that of widespread Petunia species. Two evolutionary lineages were found and they are correlated to the different landscapes where P. secreta grows: open areas in conglomerate sandstone towers at an elevation of approximately 300-400 m or along the road growing in an open vegetation flat area. Therefore the major risk to P. secreta maintenance is its rarity, suggesting the necessity of a preservation program.


The purpose of this study is to determine how professionalism and independence's auditor affect the level of materiality at 9 Public Accounting Firms in Bandung. This study used descriptive and verification methods using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that auditor's professionalism has a strong effect on the materiality level, while independence has a moderate effect on the materiality level. The conclusion is the higher professionalism and independence of an auditor, the better materiality determining considerations.

Keywords : Auditor's Professionalism, Independence, and  Materiality
                    Level.


Porous GaN based LEDs produced by corrosion etching techniques have demonstrated enhanced light extraction efficiencies in the past. However, these fabrication techniques require further post-growth processing steps, which increase the price of the final device. In this paper, we review the process we developed for the formation of fully porous GaN p-n junctions directly during growth, using a sequential chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to produce the different layers that form the p-n junction.


1. Cut of forty-one patients treated by tryparsamide and mercury alone, between May, 1923, and May, 1925, ten have been brought back to sanity of at least four years' standing and had their physical health restored. Out of forty similar cases treated at a later date by malaria and tryparsamide we had sixteen patients restored to a like degree; the results under malaria and tryparsamide as compared with those from tryparsamide alone are sixty per cent better, also they were much more rapidly accomplished. 2. In none of the ten who achieved satisfactory remissions under tryparsamide is the serological picture negative at the last examination, but in every case there has been a great and, so far, permanent, improvement. 3. We believe tryparsamide to be a great improvement on salvarsan in cases of cerebrospinal lues. 4. The results in tabes after tryparsamide have been very disappointing, especially in securing relief from pain. We are thoroughly convinced malaria is better from this viewpoint. 5. Laborious precautions must always be taken to detect a beginning optic atrophy, and the danger from this source is very real and acute; we had to stop treating twenty-five per cent of this series because of its imminence and we had one case of total blindness. In the malarial series only two developed. 6. As a result of our nearly six years' experience we now believe that tryparsamide should only be used:(a) Where the patient's physical condition is too poor to withstand the chills of malaria. (b) As a follow-up treatment after malaria, except in tabetic types where originally the crises were very severe; optic atrophy is much less likely to occur in previously treated malaria cases.


SnO 2 THIN FILM DEPOSITION FOR N-TYPE AND WINDOW OF CIS SOLAR CELL . SnO 2 thin film deposition on glass substrate has been carried out using DC sputtering technique. This research has purpose to find the three sputtering parameters such as deposition time, pressure of Ar gas and substrate temperature. By controlling these parameters, it is expected that the SnO 2 thin film has low resistivity and high transmittance which can be used for the CIS solar cell. Ar ion bombarded on SnO 2 target, placed on the vacuum chamber, hence the sputtered SnO 2 target atom forms the SnO 2 thin film on glass substrate. The resistivity and conduction type were measured using four point probe, the transmittance by UV-Vis and the crystal structure by XRD. The microstructure and thickness were observed using SEM, while the chemical composition using EDS. The results show that the lowest resistivity with N conduction type is 5 x 10 -2 ohm.cm, the highest transmittance is 83.59 % at λ = 600 nm, the grains are distributed homogeneously, the thickness of thin film is 1 μm, the crystal structure of SnO 2 thin film is tetragonal while composition of thin film consists of 38.42 % Sn atom, 60.96 % O atom, and 2.61 % Fe atom.


The change in magnetostriction Δλ with change in magnetization ΔM for domain‐wall motion is shown to depend only on the wall type, the magnetostriction constants, and the saturation magnetization and not on the field required to effect the change. The quantity Π=Δλ/ΔM (or the dynamic equivalent d/χ) is therefore a valuable parameter for use in investigating magnetization processes. Theoretical values of Π are given for different wall processes in 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 easy materials and used to interpret experimental measurements in different (Tb, Dy, Ho)Fe2 materials. It is shown that Π vs M curves are more sensitive to the detail of the magnetization process than λ vs M curves. In 〈111〉 easy compositions the processes are found to be complex with the combination of wall motion processes changing continuously with increasing magnetization and no region where a single process dominates. In contrast, for 〈100〉 easy materials, there is an extended region in which 90° wall processes dominate. In both cases, quasis...


Using pitfall traps, ground-dwelling beetle assemblages were investigated in Nanwenghe National Reserve, a typical Cold Temperate Zone wetland from Northeast China between 2009 and 2010. 9 sites comprised 3 habitat types, higher normal forest HNF, lower frozen forest LFF and lower frozen grass LFG were selected, and total of 1,289 individuals, consisting of 112 species were indentified. July and August had the peaks in diversity, richness and abundance. Rarefaction estimates of species richness indicated that traps in HNF had more species and individuals than LFF and LFG. According to the feeding habit, guilds was divided into four parts: Predators PR, Phytophagous PH, Scavengers SC, Fungivores FU, and PR>PH>SC>FU in quantity at both species and individual level, which suggested that the ground-dwelling beetles played an important role in substances cycle and energy flow of wetland ecosystem. Eretes sticticus, Cicindela hybrida, Pentodon mongolicus etc. displayed some particularities in different habitats, so the possibility that ground-dwelling beetles as indicator of quality of wetland or habitat environment was also discussed.


RNA interference(RNAi) is a homology-dependent gene silencing technology.The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can target the coding or promoter region of a gene directly.Using hairpin structures (hpRNA), double-stranded RNA can be expressed in plants relatively easily,enabling this technology to be applied to a wide range of species to silence the gene expression.In this review,we will discuss the principles,approaches and applications of the dsRNA-mediated gene silencing technique for plant gene functional analysis.


In this paper we conceptualize dying as a non-scheduled status passage, which has led us to consider problems of how the people involved handle its timing. The analysis focuses on temporal aspects of the central issues of (1) legitimating when the passage occurs, (2) announcing the passage to others, and (3) co-ordinating the passage.


In 2015, the United Kingdom adopted a program to retire all coal plants by 2025, becoming the first country to commit to a time-bound phase-out of coal.1 This cornerstone policy is part of the U.K. government's broader commitment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80 percent from 1990 levels by 2050. Since then, the costs of clean energy technologies like solar and wind have fallen dramatically—particularly in the offshore wind industry—across European geographies similar to the United Kingdom.2 Today, a reliable, coal-free electricity grid dominated by truly clean wind and solar energy is not only possible, but is the smart economic choice.


SUMMARY When incubated with p-aminobenzoic acid, formate and glucose, suspensions of a vkant strain of ~onostoc meseWoides strain P 60 formed two factors possessing folk acid activity. One of these factors behaved like rhizopterin in supporting the growth of Streptococczcs faecalis strain R but not of Lactobacillus cmei. The other, like leucovorin, supported the growth of Leucmstoc citrovmrn. The synthesis of 'citrovonun factor' was enhanced 5- to 20-fold by the presence of CO, in the gas phase. Sulphathiazole inhibited the synthesis of both factors, the inhibition being overcome competitively by p-aminobenzoic acid. Leucovorin was destroyed by suspensions of L. msenteroides P60 in phosphate-buffered glucose. The diminution of activity for L. citrovmm (decrease of citrovorum factor) was decreased when the incubation was carried out in a C0,-enriched atmosphere. Ascorbic acid, which behaved similarly to CO, in partially preventing inactivation of leucovorin by suspensions of L. me8Woides P60 variant strain, also increased the synthesis of citrovonun factor from formate and p-aminobenzoic acid and partially satisfied the requirement of the growing L. mesenteroides P60 for COB.


With the increased concern about energy shortage and advances in technology, wind power comes to become an important issue in various countries. The wind turbine working condition is relatively complex than general mechanical condition. In variable working condition, wind turbine and system is easy to be made plastic deformation and generate additional structure stress by inertia force function. The wind turbine monitoring system is able to give the equipment running status report for forecasting warning before the damage of wind generator parts (gear, axle, bearing), to ensure condition monitoring and defects alarming. In this paper, a wind turbine generator monitoring and analysis system is developed. The system structure, function and arrangement of measuring points are discussed in detail. The simulation shows that operational status of the wind turbine generators can be judged the system the, displaying a large number of real-time data, meanwhile can pre-alarm and other functions with the SQL into the database. (4 pages)


This paper assesses the impact of changes in military spending on spending levels for public education and public health in a number of countries for selected years from 1950-1972. First, the opportunity costs argument is evaluated across all the nations selected and then two intervening variables — level of economic development and regime type — are introduced to specify the relationship. The major findings are: (1) opportunity costs do exist for education and health across all nations and all years, but they are weak in magnitude; (2) levels of economic development have little or no impact upon the opportunity costs for these policy areas; (3) personalist regimes tend to have higher opportunity costs of defence than do centrist and polyarchic regimes. With regard to the latter two regime types, an additional finding occurs: centrist regimes in recent years are lowering their opportunity costs of defense for education and health while polyarchic regimes have been increasing theirs. Implications of the findings for the opportunity costs notion are then summarized.


Having desirable ecological conditions, the rural area of Rudbar Ghasran located in the northern part of Tehran is acted as a complementary area for this metropolitan. It has undergone radical changes in the past few decades due to counter-urbanization and prevailing urban-rural relations. This paper present functional change occurred during 1967 -2004 in this area. To do so, secondary data, field studies and questionnaires were conducted to investigate the socio-economic changes. The results indicate that new functions such as tourism and industrial activities have been developed in this area while the traditional functions of the area such as farming and cattle breeding have faded away. Unfortunately, these changes have not been based on any preplanned programs and management. This in turn has led to adverse environmental and socio-economic consequences. Considering the ecological significance of this area regarding Tehran metropolitan, implication of proper management of the socio-economic activities and preplanned programs especially in the area of second homes is of prominent importance. This in turn, may lead to a sustainable tourism per say.


Objective To study the feasibility and clinical significance of using laparoscopic radical resection in rectal malignant tumor. Methods Retrospective study was used to analyze fifty-seven cases with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical resection from 2001 to 2004. Of them, eight patients with high rectal cancer, nineteen patients with middle rectal cancer, twenty-one patients with low rectal cancer and nine patients with anal canal cancer. Results Fifty-five cases were successfully done laparoseopically or laparoscopically-assisted, two cases converted to laparotomy. The average operating time was (136±25) min and the mean operative blood less was (85±38) mL. There was no wound infection, abdominal hemorrhage, anastomotic leakage and anastomotic stenosis after operation; pathological examination after operation, resection length of tumor specimen was (26.35±13.26) cm, number of lymph nodes excised was (12.35±9.67). Follow-up for 4~36 months, two cases died from extensive metastasization in abdominal cavity in fourteen and eighteen months postoperative. Conclusions Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer has smaller incision, less compicalions, quick recovery. It is safe and reliable. The initial postoperative effect is available, worthy of recommending.


The objective in this article is to report on the role of the cost of capital when financial managers perform valuations in order to take a dividend decision. The dividend decision has been the subject of considerable debate with numerous models, theories, and considerations covering a wide spectrum being proposed and criticized as academicians argue the merits, relevance, and irrelevance of the dividend decision. Despite the lack of agreement as to the relevance of the dividend decision, the relevance of the cost of capital is not, per se , the subject of the dividend debate - it is central to the debate. In an attempt to establish the role and function of the cost of capital with regard to the dividend decision in South Africa, an empirical survey of all firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange was conducted. From this survey it is apparent that for the majority of the respondents the cost of capital does not have a formal or explicit impact on the dividend decision.


Service orientation is an approach to software systems development that has become a popular way to implement distributed, loosely coupled systems, because it offers such features as standardization, platform independence, well-defined interfaces, and tool support that enable legacy system integration. In such platforms, the collaborations typicallyinclude both human and software services, thus creating highly dynamic and complex interactions.The increasing complexity of compositions and the distribution ofpeople and services require adaptive and context-aware interaction models.We present a novel approach addressing the need for flexibleinvolvement of experts and knowledge workers in distributed collaborations. In this paper we investigate methods for exploiting such community feedback to automatically identify high quality content.ExpertHITS takes trust-relations and link properties in social networks into account to estimate the reputation of users.In computer science, trust is an essential component of the vision for the Semantic Web, where both new problems and new applications of trust are being studied.


Objective To investigate the characterization of a four-generation large family with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Methods The ophthalmological examinations of proband and other members of this family and controls were conducted, and Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood of participants. Their DNA fragments were PCR-amplified using oligodeoxynucleotides corresponding to mtDNA at positions 3108-3717 for the G3460A mutation, 11,654-11,865 for the G11778A mutation, and 14,260-14,510 for the T14484C mutation, respectively. For the detection of the three primary mutations, testing of the gene sequence were performed on the amplified PCR segments. And molecular genetic analysis was performed on DNA extracted from the twins Ⅳ-3 and Ⅳ-4 to identify whether they are monozygotic twins(MZ) or dizygotic twins(DZ).Results The family history was consistent with a maternal inheritance and the proband exhibited a typical clinical feature of LHON. Molecular analysis identified the presence of the G11778A mutation. The twins Ⅳ-3, who was the proband, and Ⅳ-4 were dizygotic twins(DZ).Conclusion The family exhibited a typical LHON family clinically. It is the G11778A point mutation that leads to the presence of LHON in this large Chinese family. However, not all family members with the presence of the G11778A point mutation are inevitably suffered from LHON.


Combined treatment with intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) and verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used for patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), although clinical evidence regarding the therapeutic efficacy and safety of such treatment remains lacking.


NiO thin films have many applications due to the versatility of their optical and electrical characteristics, which can be controlled by the deposition parameters and/or subsequent heating. To achieve proper control, understanding their behavior, it is necessary to establish the influence of acceptor defects on the electronic characteristics of the films in relation to the preparation procedure. For this purpose, polycrystalline NiO thin films are grown by reactive DC sputtering on unheated glass substrates, with different acceptor defects depending on the oxygen partial pressure in the sputtering gas mixture. Their structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties are analyzed comparatively in the as‐grown conditions and after heating in air at 400 °C. The results indicate that nickel vacancies along with hole carriers are effectively increased in films prepared at high oxygen ratios, increasing the electrical conductivity and the optical absorption at low energies, while distorting the crystalline lattice and decreasing the mean crystallite size. The heat treatment improves the crystallinity, bringing the different samples toward an equilibrium state that equates their optical and electrical characteristics. The intrinsic equilibrium constant is in the order K i ≈ 1022 cm−6, whereas the hole effective mass is found dependent on the carrier concentration.


A series of products with the general formula formed by condensation of corresponding sulphonamides with derivatives of halogenoacetic acid or by cond


During the years 1866 and 1867 considerable discussion took place through the medium of this Journal on the question ofthe existence of dislocations, or faults, in Glacial Drift. As I believe no communication has appeared since the latter year in these columns on that subject, it may not be altogether uninteresting to your readers if I briefly refer to a clear and unmistakeable example of faulted drift which recently came under my observation at a ballast pit close to the Stockport Railway Station. At the time of my first visit, about three months ago, my object being to search for traces of marine shells in the sand, the several details of the section were exhibited with remarkable distinctness, the action of the weather having brought out the several lines of bedding and fracture as sharply as though they had been produced in a body of compact Sandstone; indeed, so exact was the resemblance in that respect that at a short distance it would have been difficult to believe that such was not the fact. Unfortunately, since that time, a quantity of sand has been removed from the face of the pit, thereby partially obliterating the details; the principal features, nevertheless, were easily discernible a few weeks ago, when I last visited the spot.


I. Introduction The German political philosopher Carl Schmitt belongs to the class of political theorists, who maintain a tradition of separating the political from the moral.1 Drawing on the standard interpretation of Machiavelli2 and following the thinking of Hobbes,3 Schmitt makes two central claims that define his political theorization. The first claim is that the sovereign should possess "the monopoly to decide" what constitutes public order and security; the second claim is the use of the "friend-enemy" metaphor to characterize the political.4 If the two claims are taken together, the logical corollary is that, on the…


The present article aims to introduce the authors' experimental research on the volatile components of the meagre-lean coal between the bituminous coal's and the anthracite coal's. To make clear the further regularity of the coal dust concentration on the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum pressure rise, and realize the security in BF injection, we have conducted a systemic experimental study on the explosion characteristics of four kinds of meagre-lean coal. The study has been done in the 20L-sphere. The data acquisition system can transfer the pressure signal into electric signal and saved as data file. The influence of the dust concentration on the Maximum explosion pressure and the Maximum pressure rise has been discussed and analyzed with the explosion index(\%K\%_ st) calculated in detail. As a result, the Maximum explosion pressure and the Maximum pressure rise proves to grow with the increase of coal dust. There exists a Cm, under which the Maximum explosion pressure proves the largest. So the explosion intensity could be controlled through coal dust concentration. Among the four kinds of meagre-lean coal, the Maximum explosion pressure of Changcun injecting coal proves to be 0.741 9 MPa, whereas the Maximum pressure rise of Changcun injecting coal is 42.13 MPa/s. Since the Maximum explosion pressure of Changcun raw coal is 0.669 3 MPa, the Maximum pressure rise of Changcun raw coal is equal to 36.68 MPa/s. Whereas the Maximum explosion pressure of Zhangcun injecting coal is 0.723 6 MPa, the Maximum pressure rise of Zhangcun injecting coal is 43.54 MPa/s. In the same way, the Maximum explosion pressure of Zhangcun raw coal is 0.699 0 MPa, the Maximum pressure raise of Changcun injecting coal is 39.90 MPa/s.Thus, according to the classification of \%K\%_ st, the four kinds of meager-lean coal are all the feebleness explosibility coal. Thus, it can be concluded that it is safe in BF injection to use feebleness explosibility coal, so are the four kinds of meager-lean fit for BF injection.


In this manuscript Sulpis et al. describe a diagenetic model for marine sediments targeted for the study of deep-sea sediments (RADI). Many aspects of this model look like a number of other models that have been previously published, although there are two aspects of this work that stand out. The first is that the model incorporates a more complex (and presumably realistic) representation of carbonate dissolution kinetics, based on recent studies from the USC and CalTech groups. This is an important addition for a number of reasons and warrants eventual publication of this work.


Advances in mathematical models and numerical algorithms combined with increasing reliance on simulations for understanding multi-physics and multi-scale phenomena has made the task of software development for simulations a large and complex enterprise. Development and adoption of community codes is one way to address this challenge. The astrophysics community has been ahead of many other science communities in making research codes publicly available, and therefore in the development and adoption of community codes. ZEUS-2D was one of the earliest codes to become public, and it has been followed by several others. In this paper, we highlight the impact of three of these packages – FLASH, Enzo and yt – on the astrophysics community. These, and similar projects in other fields, show that if reliable and robust codes exist, and efforts are made to promote their use, they facilitate higher overall scientific output. They also help foster open science in their corresponding communities, which has wide-ranging benefits.


— Ethernet enables high-bandwidth and cost-effective data exchange and is therefore critical to cope with the ever-increasing demand for vehicle communications. To also provide the required reliability for in-vehicle communications, Ethernet has been enhanced with sophisticated protocols like Audio Video Bridging (AVB) and Time Sensitive Networking (TSN). This complexity substantially increases the effort to validate and test these software stacks. Automotive Tier-1s and OEMs are looking to Virtual Prototyping for enabling a shift-left of their products' time-to- market with early architecting, validation and reduced-cost regression frameworks. Debugging an Ethernet path on a virtual platform is challenging as there is so far no tool with a holistic view of the traversal of Ethernet transactions across multiple in-vehicle hops. This paper proposes a solution to simplify and enhance the validation and performance analysis of complex Ethernet scenarios for in-vehicle networks, through deep integration of Synopsys' Virtualizer and TraceCompass, an Eclipse-based plugin. This integration provides a comprehensive view across multiple Ethernet nodes, whilst allowing correlation of the Ethernet traffic with other hardware and software events in the individual ECUs.


In the current scenario, managing diversity and inclusion in the workplace has become the priority to survive the competition. In line with the popular perception of diversity and inclusion, this review paper explores how it may augment workplace effectiveness in terms of higher productivity, a culture of creativity and innovation, and overall financial performance. This study also provides insights into organizations' challenges when implementing diversity and inclusion initiatives. The article clearly emphasizes the need for comprehensive Diversity and Inclusion programme in any organization to retain a decisive edge over the competitors


In Part 1 of this paper I will define a sense of "person" which is importantly connected with ordinary notions of personhood. It is a consequence of my definition that each person exemplifies a specific "egoicity". In Part 2 I will argue, on the basis of empirical facts about monozygotic ("identical") twins, that egoicity is not determined by bodily constitution. In Part 3 I will conclude with a brief discussion of implications for The Mind-Body Problem.


A study was made of acridine orange adsorption by the surface structures of intact Staphylococcus aureus (209-P strain) cells and their cellular walls. Acridine orange sorption by the cells and the cellular wall of staphylococcus depended on the content of teichoic acids in the object under study. A conclusion was drawn that teichoic acids of the cellular walls of Staph. aureus were responsible for the binding of the acridine orange stain.


The occlusion of the teeth, at maturity, depends upon the integrated growth of the dental, skeletal and soft tissues of both jaws. Genes determine the maximum growth of which each individual and organ is capable, but all growth is liable to environmental limitations. Therefore, in considering the causes of dental irregularities and malocclusions, genetic direction, growth potential, the developmental time scale, and dietary variations must all be considered. Lundstrom (1951), for instance, put forward evidence that the size of the jaw and the size of the teeth were under separate genetic direction, so that malocclusions and irregularities might result from the fusion of two ethnic groups. By comparing the permanent dentitions of Anglo-Saxons with their modern British representatives Lavelle (1968) has shown that the incisors, premolars and canines have become smaller during the last 12-14 centuries, and so have the dimensions of the jaw; the size of the molars, on the other hand, has increased. Jeffreys (1969) claimed that in Wistar rats environmental influences on the pattern of growth were small compared to those operating on the rate of growth, but that tooth size was subject to environmental influence, and that the degree of 'catch up' growth varied according to the time and extent of the period of retardation. Tonge & McCance (1965) depressed the overall growth of pigs by giving them a calorie-deficient diet until they were a year old. This retarded the development of the jaw more than that of the teeth and resulted in overcrowding, displacement and malocclusion. The rehabilitation of similarly undernourished pigs (McCance, Owens & Tonge, 1968) led to considerable 'catch up' growth but abnormal siting, impaction and malalignment of the teeth remained and, with them, faulty occlusion. An alteration in the environment at the appropriate age had, therefore, upset the harmonious development of the jaws and teeth, and left permanent stigmata behind it. Further work on this subject seemed highly desirable, notably (1) to work out the time course of normal dental development in 'Large White' pigs, and (2) to set against this the delays and abnormalities caused by undernutrition and to study quantitatively the immediate and subsequent effects. There are two ways of considering the effects of undernutrition on the jaws and teeth. The first is the way in which normal dental development is often set out, showing in a table the chronological time from conception at which each tooth can


The data are reported on the co-current gold recovery in the process for beneficiation of diamond-bearing sands from a number of deposits developed by Almazy Anabara Co. The company conducts co-current gold recovery at standard sluice facilities. The comparative data on gold recovery at Itomak centrifugal concentrator and a centrifugal-vibration concentrator (CVC), designed at IGDS SB RAS, are cited in the present paper. It is proved that CVC capacity allows as high as 92.8% gold recovery.


Rotary tiller generally refers to breaking down soil aggregates into ultimate soil particles. The degree of clod breaking depends on moisture content, tillage implements and intensity of clod breaking. One unit of animal drawn rotary tiller with L-shaped blades was developed and fabricated at the workshop of Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Raipur. The effective field capacity of animal drawn rotary tiller (18 blades) was found to be 0.12 ha/h at a forward speed of 2.5 km/h. The field efficiency of 62.85% was observed during the field performance. The draft requirement of the developed animal drawn rotary tiller is 378 N. Mean Mass Diameter (MMD) of soil clod size was found 28.42 mm. The operational cost was found 384 Rs / ha. Keyword: animal drawn rotary tiller, MMD, draft, bulk density.


When seedlings grow into young plants their tissue proportions change over time. Viviparous mangrove seedlings of the Rhizophoraceae are different from other young trees. They consist of a thickened cylinder-shaped hypocotyl that allows the seedlings to float and disperse before establishment. Despite the crucial role in the ecological and biogeographical success of mangroves, not much has been published about the internal development of mangrove seedlings in their early life stages. We used X-ray CT-scanning and light microscopy to investigate the internal development (i) over time and (ii) with hypocotyl height in seedlings of the mangrove species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Ceriops tagal. While light microscopy offered cell- and tissue identification in destructive transverse sections, X-ray CT-scanning allowed investigating the internal tissue development of living plants over time in a non-destructive way. Our results indicated that the vascular tissue proportionally increased over time and with hypocotyl height in both species in accordance with the growing importance of this tissue in the developing seedlings. As a result, the cortex, composed of an inner and outer zone, proportionally decreased over time and with height in both species. No clear trends over time and with height could be observed regarding the proportion of the pith tissue. A decrease in average density of all tissues together with height was discerned in both species indicating the seedlings were heavier at their base. The latter suggests a supporting role of the seedling base in tidal and wind action. The combination of CT-scanning and light microscopy offered the advantages of both methods in the developmental study of young mangrove plants, and opens perspectives in the study of internal development of young plants in general.


As rotor imbalance can lead to the synchronous disturbances of Magnetically Suspended Control Moment Gyroscopes(MSCMG),and can reduce the attitude control accuracy and the load accuracy of spacecrafts,A general control strategy based on a sliding mode disturbance observer was proposed to minimize the synchronous vibration caused by unbalance on a rotor.First,a dynamics model of the magnetic bearing-rotor system was set up and the sliding mode observer used for disturbance observation was designed.Then,a Tracking Differentiator(TD) was used to estimate the differential signals from a displacement sensor to obtain the velocity signals and to reduce orders of the observer.Finally,according to the synchronous force estimated by the disturbance observer,a controller was designed to compensate the vibration caused by unbalance of the rotor.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the vibration has been decreased by 72%.


Objective: Plasma level of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), a major metabolite of noradrenaline, is a useful biological marker for major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present study, we followed up plasma MHPG levels in remitted patients with MDD after milnacipran treatment. Subjects and methods: Seventy-eight patients were diagnosed with MDD on the based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria. The severity of depression was evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD17). Of the 78 patients, 29 had HAMD17 scores of 7 points or lower after 8 weeks of treatment with milnacipran These 29 patients were enrolled in the present study and followed up for one year. Their plasma MHPG levels were analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography. Results: Of the 29 MDD subjects, 17 relapsed within the one-year follow-up period. At the beginning of the follow-up period, plasma MHPG levels were significantly lower in the relapsed subjects than in the non-relapsed subjects. Conclusion: Plasma MHPG level plays an important role in maintaining remission in MDD patients after treatment with milnacipran.


National water quality criteria for 4-nonylphenol, a surfactant precursor and metabolite, are currently being developed by the US EPA. Preliminary data from laboratory tests indicate that the criterion maximum concentration may be as low as 3--10 {mu}g/L; field data on biological effects are rare. The study presented here was designed to assess the effects of 4-nonylphenol on a natural aquatic community using a set of 18 littoral enclosures (average volume 33 m{sup 3}). The common occurrence of 4-nonylphenol in municipal and industrial discharges dictated the use of a ``chronic`` exposure scenario for this study. Test concentrations ranged from 3 to 300 {mu}g/L, with applications every 48 hours for a 20 day period. This ensured a 21-day ``chronic`` exposure period and allowed sediment concentration of 4-nonylphenol to steadily increase. Survival of juvenile bluegill sunfish was reduced at 300 {mu}g/L, but not at 100, {mu}g/L; no effects on growth were noted over the 68-day assessment period. Abundance of Cladocera and Copepoda were also reduced at 300 {mu}g/L, with recovery observed within 2--4 weeks after the last nonylphenol application. Benthic macroinvertebrates, including Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, and Mollusca, were affected at 100--300 {mu}g/L, with impacts persisting for several months. The slow recovery of benthic macroinvertebratesmore » was partially attributed to their prolonged exposure to sediment associated nonylphenol residues.« less


This study aims to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from Thymus satureioides, Mentha pulegium and Origanum vulgare against Esherichia coli isolated from raw sheep milk of Sardi breed using dilution technique in liquid medium in order to determine MIC and MBC and compared to the effectiveness of those extratcs on E. coli isolated from patients and sheep


Thiaminase activity was determined for Gulf of Bothnia (GB) and Gulf of Finland (GF) Baltic herring Clupea harengus membras, sprat Sprattus sprattus and three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus sampled from either trawl or gillnet catches or from Baltic salmon Salmo salar stomachs. The thiaminase activity in Baltic herring was about 10-fold higher than that in sprat, and there was almost no thiaminase activity in three-spined stickleback. Thiaminase activity of undigested Baltic herring found in Baltic salmon stomachs was significantly higher than that of trawl-caught Baltic herring from the same sea area, suggesting that there may be a higher risk of predation for Baltic herring with high thiaminase activity, possibly linked to their health. Thiaminase activity of the gastrointestinal contents of Baltic salmon, feeding almost entirely on Baltic herring in the GB, was significantly higher than for Baltic salmon feeding on both Baltic herring and sprat in the GF. Therefore, Baltic herring may be the major source of thiaminase for Baltic salmon. A tank experiment demonstrated that thiaminase activity in Baltic herring may vary, even within very short time periods. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that the thiaminase content in Baltic salmon forage fish may be an important link in the aetiology of the thiamine deficiency syndrome, M74, in Baltic salmon.


A truing technique for fabricating the tip of an electroformed diamond tool of 0.1 mm diameter and 4 ƒÊm mean grain size with a hemispherical shape and flattening the cutting edges of diamond grains on the tool working surface was developed. A polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool of 0.5 ƒÊm diamond grain size and 10 mm diameter was employed as a truer. It was confirmed through the truing test that the rough surface of the PCD truer generated by electric discharge truing should be partially flattened to eliminate scratches and removed chips adhering onto the tool working surface. In addition, truing conditions that enable the flattening of sharp cutting edges on a tool working surface along the hemispherical tool profile were determined by conducting a truing test in which both the revolution speed of the tool and the rotation speed of the truer were varied.