Objective To explore the value of β2-microglobulin(β2-MG) in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury(AKI) induced by acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning(AOPP).Methods Eighty one patients with AOPP were divided into three groups(mild poisoning group,moderate poisoning group and severe poisoning group) according to acetylcholinesterase(AchE) level.Thirty healthy controls in out-patient clinic were also recruited.Creatinine(Scr),β2-MG were detected in each group,and β2-MG was analyzed to diagnose the specificity and sensitivity of AKI.Results The total incidence of AKI induced by AOPP was 76.5%(62/81),the incidences of mild poisoning group,moderate poisoning group and severe poisoning group were 45.2%(14/31),93.1%(27/29) and 100.0%(21/21),respectively.The total specificity and sensitivity of β2-MG in the diagnosis of AKI induced by AOPP were 46.8%(29/62),100.0%,respectively.The positive rates of β2-MG in each poisoning group were 0%(0/31),34.5%(10/29) and 90.5%(19/21),which was the highest in the severe poisoning group but the lowest in the mild poisoning group(P0.01).The concentration and positive rate of β2-MG had a negative correlation with intoxication degree(P0.05).Conclusion The specificity and sensitivity of β2-MG in the diagnosis of AKI induced by AOPP are low,which can not be the sensitive marker for early diagnosis of AKI induced by AOPP.


This paper proposes an S11 calibration method for a coaxial-feed-type open-ended cut-off waveguide with a vector network analyzer (VNA) from three reference materials with no short termination condition. The equation for S11 calibration from three arbitrary impedance standards was first derived, and the electrostatic capacitance unique to the jig was then quantified. The theoretical values for input impedance at the front surface of the sample material were then determined by substituting the capacitance value into the equivalent circuit at frequencies of 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 GHz. The calibrated S11 value for the front surface of the sample material was then determined. The validity and measurement accuracy of the proposed method were verified via comparison of this S11 calibration value with that calculated using EM analysis. The results numerically indicated the validity of S11 calibration for the coaxial-feed type open-ended cut-off waveguide using VNA from the three reference materials with no short termination condition based on the proposed procedure. The effectiveness of the method was also verified from actual measurement of S11 in the frequency range from 0.5 to 3.0 GHz, thereby confirming its effectiveness.


The descriptions of biophysical events from heavy ions are of interest in radiobiology, cancer therapy, and space exploration. The biophysical description of the passage of heavy ions in tissue and shielding materials is best described by a stochastic approach that includes both ion track structure and nuclear interactions. A new computer model called the GCR Event-based Risk Model (GERM) code was developed for the description of biophysical events from heavy ion beams at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) [1]. The GERM code calculates basic physical and biophysical quantities of high-energy protons and heavy ions that have been studied at NSRL for the purpose of simulating space radiobiological effects. For mono-energetic beams, the code evaluates the linear-energy transfer (LET), range (R), and absorption in tissue equivalent material for a given Charge (Z), Mass Number (A) and kinetic energy (E) of an ion[2]. In addition, a set of biophysical properties are evaluated such as the Poisson distribution of ion or delta-ray hits for a specified cellular area, cell survival curves, and mutation and tumor probabilities[3-5]. The GERM code also calculates the radiation transport of the beam line for either a fixed number of user-specified depths or at multiple positions along the Bragg curve of the particle. The contributions from primary ion and nuclear secondaries are evaluated[6,7]. The GERMcode accounts for the major nuclear interaction processes of importance for describing heavy ion beams, including nuclear fragmentation, elastic scattering, and knockout-cascade processes by using the quantum multiple scattering fragmentation (QMSFRG) model[8,9]. The QMSFRG model has been shown to be in excellent agreement with available experimental data for nuclear fragmentation cross sections[10], and has been used by the GERM code for application to thick target experiments. The GERM code provides scientists participating in NSRL experiments with the data needed for the interpretation of their experiments[11], including the ability to model the beam line, the shielding of samples and sample holders, and the estimates of basic physical and biological outputs of the designed experiments. We present an overview of the GERMcode GUI, as well as providing training applications. REFERENCES [1] Lowenstein DI and Rusek A (2007) Radiat Environ Biophys 46, 91-94. [2] Tai H, Bichsel H, Wilson JW, Shinn JL, Cucinotta FA, Badavi FF (1997) NASA TP 3644. [3] Cucinotta FA, Shavers MR, Katz R (1997) NASA TP 3630 [4] Cucinotta FA, Wilson JW, Shavers MR, Katz R (1995) Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 69(5), 593600. [5] Cucinotta FA, Katz R, Wilson JW, Townsend LW, Nealy JE, Shinn JL (1991) NASA TP 3055. [6] Cucinotta FA, Townsend LW, Wilson JW (1993) NASA TP 3285. [7] Cucinotta FA, Dubey RR (1994) Physical Review C, 50(2), 1090-1096. [8] Cucinotta F.A., Kim M.Y., Schneider S.I., and Hassler D.M. (2007) Radiat Environ Biophys 46, 101-106. [9] Cucinotta FA, wilson FA, Saganti P, Hu X, Kim MY, Cleghorn T, Zeitlin C, Tripathi RK (2006) Radiation Measurements, 41, 1235-1249. [10] Cucinotta F.A., Wilson J.W., Saganti P., Hu X., Kim M.Y., Cleghorn T., Zeitlin C., Tripathi R.K. (2006) Radiat Meas 41, 1235-1249. [11] Cucinotta FA, Nikjoo H, Goodhead DT (2000), Radiation Research, 153, 459-468.


This paper examines the influence of decentralization on some aspects of local and regional planning, namely the regional planning process, and resource mobilization and allocation. The paper finds that, contrary to theoretical expectations, the existing planning process is not capable of creating multi-sectoral plans and enhancing popular participation. Though decentralization has enabled regional governments to collect and use revenues from their regions, regional financial capacities are limited. In order to compensate for the deficiencies, central government allocates grant money on the basis of equity biased criteria. Grant allocations, however, need to consider the trade-off between equity and efficiency. Resource allocations by regions revealed that backward regions devoted most of their resources to social development though these regions could not yet attract private investment. The future of local and regional planning in the country needs strong and coherent local and regional policies that identify the nature of popular participation, the means to enhance resource mobilization and the planning methodology to be followed.


BACKGROUNDDigitalization could optimize healthcare; however, many eHealth projects are unsuccessful. By analyzing reasons for unsuccessful eHealth implementation, we could gain important knowledge on how to achieve successful digitalization in primary care and homecare.The aim of this study is to describe the implementation process of a tablet computer with an mHealth app that provides mobile access to the electronic health record (EHR) in homecare in order to understand reasons for unsuccessful implementations of mHealth interventions, as well as potential success factors.METHODSA tablet computer with mobile access to the EHR was implemented in 4 primary care centers and one municipality home care organization in Sweden. Focus groups, interviews and observations were used to evaluate how the implementation affects the work of the healthcare professionals. Qualitative content analysis informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to analyze the implementation process and interpret the results.RESULTSThe implementation of the eHealth application was unsuccessful, mainly because the application did not fully support the users' needs, but also due to immature technology and unstable infrastructure. Outcome of the intervention was dependent on context and user engagement. Users who had been involved in the development were more positive, despite missing functions, whereas those who had not been involved struggled to adopt the mobile tool. Development of the mHealth app and the subsequent implementation process was lengthy which affected user engagement negatively. The implementation process was insufficient and use of the application was affected by poor readiness for implementation. Users perceived lack of leadership engagement and questioned available resources dedicated to the implementation, in terms of resources and training.CONCLUSIONSThe functionality of mHealth must support users' needs, be sufficiently integrated with existing eHealth ecosystems, and all aspects of the implementation process must be met to ensure success. Premature implementations may cause change fatigue and become a barrier for future implementation projects. In order to achieve the potential of mHealth, we have to ensure that sufficient resources are allocated to design and development, evaluation and feasibility studies and support and engagement during the implementation of mHealth in the future.


The invention relates to a modeling method for a grid-connected photovoltaic power supply based on a PSASP (power system analysis software package). The method comprises the following steps of (1) firstly building a three-phase photovoltaic power supply simulation system and utilizing a conventional simulation verification method to perform simulation verification; (2) and then building a UD (user-defined) model of the photovoltaic power supply in the PSASP: a. establishing transfer functions for various parts of the photovoltaic power supply, drawing various functional block diagrams, establishing connecting relationships among the functional block diagrams and designating input and output relationships, i.e. the UD model of the photovoltaic power supply is established; b. balancing the initial value of the UD module; and c. solidifying the UD model in the PSASP. The modeling method provided by the invention has the advantages that the safe and stable running situation of the overall power grid after the grid-connected photovoltaic power supply is operated can be analyzed and researched in detail, thereby providing a predicable solution for the stability problem possibly produced after the photovoltaic power generation is connected in the grid, and improving the capability for switching the power grid in the photovoltaic power generation and the capability for stable running of the system after the power grid is switched-in.


This paper discusses tricycle with the front wheel as a steering wheel and two rear wheels as driving wheels. To path following control problem of mobile robot,a method of non-time path following control based on inverse dy- namic is presented.Compared to traditional method,this control effect is well.It is easy to adapt to real environment and to complement.Simulation result reveals this method is available and effective.


Background: In the skeletal system, phalangeal fractures are among the most frequent and most often treated conservatively as a minor injury. An open incision, dissection, and the use of K-wire for internal fixation are often necessary because the smaller bone pieces or less fastness in fixation tugged by local ligament make early mobilisation difficult. The purpose of this research was to compare the results of uniplanar external fixation vs external dynamic fixation of phalangeal fractures of the hand. During this investigation, 20 patients with phalangeal fractures of the hand were treated with either uniplanar external fixation or external dynamic fixation. For this research, all of the patients included were cared for at Benha University Hospital or Kafr-Elshiekh General Hospital between January of 2019 and March of 2019. According on the kind of fixation, the twenty patients were split into two groups. Uniplanar External Fixation: 10 patients in Group 1. Patients in Group 2 who had Dynamic External Fixation "Suzuki Frame" were included. The patients in this study were between the ages of 19 and 62. There were 15 men and 5 women in all. A total of six patients had a problem with their dominant hand, whereas 14 patients had a problem with their nondominant hand. A total of 20.0 percent of patients in group 1 had excellent results, 40 percent had good results, ten percent had fair results, and 30 percent had poor results, while in group 2, three patients had excellent results, 40 percent had good results, 30 percent had fair results, and none had poor results. Complications included stiffness in 20% of patients in group 1, 10% in group 2, 10% in group 3, and 10% in group 2; in group 1, 10% had non-union of fracture; in group 2, 20% had stiffness and 20% had loosening of fixator; and in group 2, 0% had non-union of fracture or pin-tract infection. Phalangeal fractures may be treated with the mini external fixator. Reduced soft tissue dissection, a high rate of union (95 percent), and the ability to move nearby joints are also advantages. The use of a small external fixator in open fractures enables for wound examination and treatment without the need of additional hardware at the fracture site. Using an external dynamic fixator may save you time and money over open surgery. As a result of this, it may be re-adjusted in the outpatient clinic, which provides solid support and stability. It prevents stiffness by allowing early mobilisation of the proximal interphalangeal joint.


..................................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 7 List of acronyms and abbreviations ........................................................................................ 8 Table of cases ........................................................................................................................... 10 Table of legislation .................................................................................................................. 11 Preamble: A Note on "BREXIT" .......................................................................................... 14 PART I – INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................ 16 1.1 Research Problem ......................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Purpose of the Research and its Contribution to Existing Literature ............................ 18 1.3 Research Methodology ................................................................................................. 19 1.4 Chapter Outline ............................................................................................................. 22 PART II – THE BASEL ACCORDS AND TRANSNATIONAL LAW ............................ 25 Chapter 2: The Basel Accords as a Transnational Regulatory Law ................................. 26 2.1 The Basel Accords and Transnational Law .................................................................. 26 2.1.1 Background to the Basel Accords ........................................................................... 27 2.1.2 Transnational Law .................................................................................................. 30 2.1.3 Theories of Development of Transnational Law .................................................... 31 2.1.4 Different Strands of Transnational Law .................................................................. 33 18.104.22.168 Lex Mercatoria ................................................................................................. 34 126.96.36.199 Transnational Law Developed under the Auspices of International Institutions ..................................................................................................................................... 35 188.8.131.52 Transnational Regulatory Laws and Transnational Regulatory Networks ...... 37 2.2 Transnational Regulatory Bodies and Decision-Making Structures ............................. 43 2.2.1 Transnational Regulatory Bodies and Structures of Interaction ............................. 43 188.8.131.52 Hierarchy amongst Regulatory Bodies ............................................................ 44 126.96.36.199 Community and Regulatory Cooperation ........................................................ 45 18.104.22.168 Managed Networks .......................................................................................... 47 22.214.171.124 Markets and Regulatory Competition .............................................................. 49 2.2.2 Influences on Transnational Regulatory Bodies .................................................... 52 22.214.171.124 Hegemony ........................................................................................................ 52 126.96.36.199 Regulatory Capture .......................................................................................... 53 18.104.22.168 Domestic Preferences, Domestic Embeddedness and Cultural Embeddedness 55 2.3 The Theory of Recursivity ............................................................................................ 60


Mergers have the potential of possible value creation for various stakeholders, which in turn may affect their wealth. The wealth effect of merger may be noticed right from the time when the merger is announced, as share market would, generally react to such announcement affecting the stock characteristics of the company. The impact of such reaction has been a matter of concern and confusion particularly from the perspective of shareholder's of bidder banks. The market reaction to merger announcement has primarily been examined in terms of impact on stock returns and very little attention has been paid to other stock characteristics. This paper examines the impact of merger announcements in Indian banking sector on shareholder's wealth, focusing on three stock characteristics namely, stock returns, volatility and liquidity of the bidder banks. It is assumed that volatility and liquidity also influence value for the shareholder's wealth. The paper is based on the study of market reaction of merger announcements in Indian banking since 1999. It was found that the merger announcement had a mixed impact on the returns to the shareholders of the bidder banks. As far as other stock characteristics are concerned, there was limited impact of merger announcement on volatility in share prices of the bidder banks and no significant impact on the liquidity of the shares of bidder banks.


Skin wound healing is a complex process involving many types of cells and molecules and often results in scar tissue formation in adult mammals. However, scarless healing occurs in foetal skin and minimal scars may occur after cutaneous healing in the adult with reduced inflammation. Alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) is widely distributed within the central nervous system and in other body regions, such as the skin, and has strong anti‐inflammatory activity. The aim in the present experiments was to learn whether intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of α‐MSH just before skin wounds antagonize inflammation and improves skin wound healing in adult mice. C57BL/6 young adult mice received an i.p. injection of 1 mg/kg of α‐MSH and, 30 min later, two circular through‐and‐through holes (6.5 mm diameter) were made in their dorsal skin under anaesthesia. Control mice were wounded after vehicle injection. The wound healing process was analysed macroscopically and microscopically at 3, 7, 40 and 60 days. Skin samples were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm, stained with H&E or toluidine blue for cell analysis or Gomori's trichrome for extracellular matrix (ECM) analysis. Other samples were fixed in DMSO+methanol, embedded in paraplast and incubated with anti‐CD45, antismooth muscle actin, anticollagen‐I and anticollagen‐III for immunofluorescence analysis. Alpha‐MSH significantly reduced the number of leucocytes, mast cells and fibroblasts at 3 and 7 days after injury. On days 40 and 60, α‐MSH reduced scar area and improved the organization of the collagen fibres indicating that it may direct the healing into a more‐regenerative/less‐scarring pathway.


In the electron linear accelerators used for radiotherapy by high energy electrons or gamma rays, there is a non negligible production of neutrons by photodisintegration or electrodisintegration reactions on the high Z components of the head machine (target, flattening filter, collimators). At the Experimental Physics Department of Torino University, Torino, Italy an experimental and theoretical evaluation has been performed on the undesired neutron production in the MD Class Mevatron Siemens accelerator used at the Radiotherapy Department of S. Giovanni Battista A.S. Hospital for cancer therapy by a 15 MV gamma ray beam. A simulation of the total process has been carried out, using EGS4 MonteCarlo computer code for the evaluation of photoneutron spectra and MCNP code for the neutron transport in the patient's body. The geometrical description both of the accelerator head in EGS4 and of the anthropomorphous phantom in MCNP have been highly optimized. Experimental measurements have been carried out by bubble detectors BD 100R appropriately allocated inside a new phantom in polyetylene and plexiglass, especially designed for this purpose.


Uncertainty has long been understood as a stimulus for firms to manage their boundaries, i.e., to define the scope of their activities. However, two to some extent competing strategy perspectives, governance and competence, predict that firms faced with uncertainty would either increase or decrease their scope of activities, respectively. In an attempt to reconcile these conflicting positions, we propose a model in which the system-level property knowledge interdependence moderates the effect of technological uncertainty on firms. R&D scope decisions. To test our model empirically, we develop a new set of measures for knowledge interdependence and technological uncertainty, and collect 33 years of data (1967-2000) on patenting activity and firm boundary location in the automotive airbag industry. The results of our analysis generally support our model, and show that in case of knowledge-creating activities such as R&D, scope decisions under technological uncertainty are more driven by concerns about co-specialization effects than transaction efficiencies. We discuss implications of these findings for managerial practice and future research.


Ventilative cooling can be an energy-efficient measure to reduce indoor overheating while maintaining the thermal comfort of the occupants. An accurate assessment of the effect of ventilative cooling on the indoor air and surface temperatures and convective heat fluxes can be performed using numerical modeling with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) provided that these simulations are validated with high-quality windtunnel experiments. This paper presents wind tunnel measurements and an analysis of cross-ventilation in an isolated building with a heated sidewall. The measurements were performed in an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) open circuit wind tunnel with a closed test section with dimensions 0.9 × 0.6 × 4.5 m3 at the University of Southampton in the UK. A generic cubic building with dimensions 150 × 150 × 150 mm3 was considered. The forward and rear-facing walls had openings with dimensions 70 × 40 mm2 (L × H) ensuring cross-ventilation of the building and one of the sidewalls of the building was heated to 60°C to create a source of buoyancy. The measurements were performed for a Reynolds number (Re) of 15,600. The indoor velocities and turbulence levels in the vertical center plane were acquired using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and temperatures were also obtained in both the vertical center plane and a vertical plane 50 mm from the heated wall using NTC sensors. In addition to the PIV measurements, surface heat fluxes were measured at six locations on the heated wall. The measurement data can be used for the validation of CFD simulations and results from other numerical models of non-isothermal cross-ventilation flows, which is at the moment very difficult due to a lack of published experimental data.


The effect of various structured (non-planar) electrode topologies, e.g. rectangular, rounded and triangular trenches, on the electron heating dynamics and ion density profile in capacitively coupled radio frequency plasmas is investigated experimentally and by an analytical model. The measurements are carried out in neon. 2D Phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy is utilized to study the dynamics of energetic electrons inside and outside these structures at the kinetic level. In the presence of structured electrodes, non-planar RF sheaths form and affect the electron heating dynamics. We observe a local agglomeration of energetic electrons above the structures. These electrons originate from sheath expansion heating. Inside the structures, opposite vertical sheaths cause a temporal confinement of electrons. Non-planar sheaths at the trench orifice cause convergent fluxes of energetic electrons. Also, the ionization and, as a consequence, the plasma density are modified by these effects. This is characterized by radially resolved Langmuir probe measurements and described by a diffusion model with localized sources. Subsequently, the control of the radial plasma density profile is demonstrated. Via customized electrode topologies, high plasma uniformity at specific pressures and heights above the electrode is achieved with the additional benefit of strong enhancement of the plasma density.


Introduction: Aplastic anemia is a clinical syndrome characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and deficiency of hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) should be considered as first line treatment for young patients with an available donor. However,alternative therapy options are scant in patients who are not candidates for transplantation. Here, we report the efficacy of eltrombopag in a case of severe aplastic anemia. Case Presentation: Twenty-two years old female patient was admitted to the Marmara University Hospital because of severe aplastic anemia. There was not an available HLA-matched sibling donor and immunosuppressive treatment with horse-derived ATG (40 mg per day for 5 days) and cyclosporine (5 mg/kg per day) was started. At the sixth month of therapy she was still in need of transfusion. Eltrombopag was prescribed at a dose of 50 mg and the dose was increased up to 150 mg per day in 2 months. Successful response was noted within 2 weeks of 150 mg dosage and this response was sustained at the 4th month following  discontinuation of drug. Conclusions: Eltrombopag provides good and permanent clinical response in refractory severe aplastic anemia.


The dual pressures of climate change and population growth in Africa make enhancing sustainable development an important focus of initiatives hoping to reach as many people as possible with appropriate innovations. Resource and infrastructure challenges often limit the ability of programs to expand through the use of extension and other forms of in-person training. Although media such as radio, television, and mobile phones cannot replace the value of interpersonal communication, they can offer a low-cost alternative for reaching large audiences in even some of the most remote regions. With the increasing use of media for sustainable development come questions relating to the ability of these channels to move beyond a one-way flow of information to include and respond to local knowledge and experiences and to create dialogue, both farmer to farmer and between farmers and designers of educational messaging. This article evaluates the role of media in promoting sustainable agriculture in Zambia. Specifically, the findings present qualitative feedback from 34 smallholder farmers targeted by Community Markets for Conservation's current radio programming efforts around sustainable agriculture. Results demonstrate the centrality of the radio program alongside other forms of communication, such as extension and farmer-to-farmer communication, as well as written and visual communication. These findings consider direct and indirect exposure to these efforts and the importance of radio in offering a foundation for dialogue and increased social diffusion of sustainable innovations in remote regions.


Summary The influence of age on lactation rate can be determined when the effect of body size is derived independently. This derivation can be made on the basis of the theory that lactation capacity is proportional to the metabolic body size ( 3 4 power of body weight) of the cows. There are two reasons why the effect of body size on lactation rate cannot be calculated from records within one herd: first, the variability of lactation rate, aside from the influence of size, ranges from±10 to±20 per cent of the mean rate, even in well-bred herds kept under uniform conditions; second, size differences within each of those herds are usually rather small. The unreliability of results from a recent attempt to calculate size effects on lactation rates within a herd is demonstrated. A table is calculated showing the number of cows necessary to distinguish significantly between production rate per unit weight and production rate per unit of metabolic body size. A table is supplied in which metabolic body size of cows can be read directly when body weight in pounds is given. Lactation rate per unit of metabolic body size ( 3 4 power of body weight) is a sound basis for calculating the effects of age on lactation rate. The average daily milk production during a 10-month period, expressed as milk energy or fat-corrected milk, and divided by the mean metabolic body size, is suggested as an important result in summaries of production records. When the cows have been kept under quasi-optimal conditions, such a result may be known as relative lactation capacity. This term, which expresses quantitatively the inherent ability of cows for milk production, would be useful as a major criterion for breeding dairy cattle.


Temperafures normally increase with depth in the earth. This results largely because of the initial heat of accretion (gravitational collapse) when the earth was formed some 4 to 5 6illion years ago, and the normal decay of radioactive elements in the eirth,s interior. In areas where, there has been no geological activity in the past few tens of millions of years (activity suih as mouniain building, magmatism, and volcanism) temperhtures increase with depth generally at about 1'F/100 ft (1.8.C/i00 m). In areas of relatively recent geologic activity, say in the past L0 million years or le-s-s, temperatures typically increase with depth much more ra-pidly, perhaps 2"F1LW ft. In locales where geothermal resources of some kind are potentially present, temperatures will increase with depth at 5-1.0'F/100 ft and more. Itls the earth,s heat associated with these elevated temperatures at depth that is the ultimate geothermal energy source. New Mexico is a state of great geologic diversity with four major physiographic provinces which incorporate a haiFdozen different geologic regions (Fig. 1). Subsurface temperature and heat flow studies, and the locations o_f thermal sprlngs and young volcanism, indicate that the southern Basin and Range proviice and the southern Rocky Mountains province have thJ greatest potential for geothermal energy resources in New Mexiio.


In the gyro-less condition a decentralized filter is designed to fuse information from the star sensor,the digital sun sensor and the digital earth sensor which compose the satellite attitude determination system.The algorithm and structure of the decentralized filter is proposed.The state equations and measurement equations of each subsystem are derived.Simulation results indicate in the gyro-less condition the decentralized filter realized the optimal estimation at the low cost of computational complexity.


In 1948 Sir Geoffrey Colby became Governor ofNyasaland. He was committed to the rapid and extensive development of the country to lift it out of the economic doldrums of the 193 Os and the second world war. As an early part of his development drive he asked the Colonial Development Corporation (CDC) to take over and develop the Agricultural Department's experimental rung station and plantation based in a fertile but then undeveloped area of the Viphya Highlands in the north of the country. Tung had been planted in Nyasaland since the mid 1930s and the Department had carried out a good deal of valuable research on the production of improved planting material, plant pests and fertiliser requirements. At the time rung oil was in great world demand as a valuable hard-drying oil, primarily for the paint industry. In the early reconstruction period following the destruction and devastation of the second world war the world's requirements for paint, particularly quick drying paint, were very large. Colby wished to cash in on this world shortage and at the same time improve the economy of apart of the country which was otherwise difficult to develop. The CDC agreed to take over the tung plantations, to introduce other crops suchas tea and wattle and to establish alargemechanisedfarmfor riceproduction in the Limpasa dambo, partly to feed the staff working on the Viphya project but also for export. Sir Miles Thomas, chairman of both the CDC and the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BO AC), a personal friend of the Governor, flew to East Africa to lend his support and to ensure the fullest co-operation between the CDC. BOAC and the Nyasaland authorities Before the CDC could start to plant tung trees they had first to clear the bush and build roads, houses, a processing factory and a jetty on the lake shore. All this needed heavy equipment and machinery. By the middle of 1949, when they were ready to start moving the necessary equipment to the project site, they were faced with the extremely worrying problem of how to transport it from the Indian Ocean coast to the Viphya. The normal route of entry to Nyasaland was via the port of Beira in Portuguese East Africa and by rail, also through Portuguese territory, to the protectorate. The port at Beira, however, with its inadequate and over-stretched facilities and with a great deal of material to handle for the whole of Central Africa, was badly congested with ships and freight. To make matters worse, the Nyasaland


This paper describes decision tree methodology and shows how it has been adapted to three diierent problems in speech recognition and understanding at CRIM and at FORWISS. The three problems are: 1. Development of context-dependent phone models (work carried out by CRIM researchers and partly inspired by FORWISS work on polyphones). Here, decision trees determine a characterization of the context of a phone that yields good models for recognition. 2. Deriving rules for semantic interpretation from a semantically annotated corpus. This problem led to the development of \Semantic Classiication Trees" (in Ph.D. work by R. Kuhn under the supervision of R. De Mori Kuh93a]). 3. Recognising prosodic features (work carried out in collaboration between FORWISS and CRIM). From a word sequence, Semantic Classiication Trees (SCTs) can make predictions about such prosodic features as accents and phrase boundaries. In this ongoing research, we plan to create hybrid decision trees that learn rules combining information from the word sequence and acoustic levels, thus increasing the accuracy with which prosodic events are recognised.


The time scales of variability in active M dwarfs can be related to their various physical parameters. Thus, it is important to understand such variability to decipher the physics of these objects. In this study, we have performed the low resolution (∼5.7 Å) spectroscopic monitoring of 83 M dwarfs (M0-M6.5) to study the variability of Hα / Hβ emissions; over the time scales from ∼0.7 to 2.3 hours with a cadence of ∼3-10 minutes. Data of a sample of another 43 late-type M dwarfs (M3.5-M8.5) from the literature are also included to explore the entire spectral sequence. 53 of the objects in our sample (∼64 %) show statistically significant short-term variability in Hα. We show that this variability in 38 of them are most likely to be related to the flaring events. We find that the early M dwarfs are less variable despite showing higher activity strengths (LHα/Lbol & LHβ/Lbol), which saturates around ∼10−3.8 for M0-M4 types. Using archival photometric light curves from TESS and Kepler/K2 missions, the derived chromospheric emission (Hα and Hβ emission) variability is then explored for any plausible systematics with respect to their rotation phase. The variability indicators clearly show higher variability in late-type M dwarfs (M5-M8.5) with shorter rotation periods (<2 days). For 44 sources, their age has been estimated using StarHorse project and possible correlations with variability have been explored. The possible causes and implications for these behaviors are discussed.


The objectives of this quasi experimental research were to discover whether : (1) the students learning achievement of Civics Education taught by using Consideration Type Instructional Model was higher or lower than Direct Instructional Model, 2) the differences between students learning achievement of Civics Education with high intrinsic motivation and low Extrinsic motivation, and 3) the interaction between Instructional models and motivation on students learning achievement of Civics Education.
This research was conducted to 238 Grade VIII students of PGRI 3 and 160 students of Harapan Mekar Medan. Based on random sampling technique , 40 students were chosen taught by using Consideration Type of Instructional Model and 40 students taught by using Direct Instruction Model. The instruments used to collect the data were multiple choice test with 45 items. The research design was 2x2 factorial and the data were analyzed using ANOVA at the level of significance = 0,05. Liliefors test was applied to test the normality of the data Barlett test to measure the homogenity and Scheffe test to discover the interactions between the Instructional models and learning motivation.
The research findings show that: (1) the students learning achievement of Civics Education taught by using Consideration Type Instructional Model was higher than students learning achievement of Civics Education taught using Direct Instructional Model (Fcount = 50.36 > Ftable =3.96). (2) there was a difference between students learning achievement of Civics Education with an intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to learn (Fcount = 43.28 > F table =3.96), and (3) there was an interaction between instructional models and motivation to learn (Fcount= 28, 22 < Ftable 3.96).
Therefore, it can be concluded that Consideration Type Instructional model can improve students learning achievement. The implication is that Civics Education teachers should be trained to apply an innovative and creative instructional model. Teachers are suggested to apply this model, so that the students learning achievement can be improved and the instructional process is successful.


Introduction: Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the biggest medical challenges. Observations of patients worldwide suggest differences in the severity of the disease depending on demographic and epidemiological factors. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify demographic factors that may affect the course of COVID-19. Material and methods: The study included 337 patients who had been infected with COVID-19 from December 2020 to June 2021. A retrospective survey containing questions about gender, age, BMI, blood group, smoking, comorbidities, and the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: Older patients declared that the course of the disease was more burdensome. Comorbid oncological diseases contributed to the longer course of COVID-19. On average, women reported one symptom more than men. Patients with type 2 diabetes reported an average of 1.6 symptoms less; olfactory dysfunction and headaches were less frequent in this group. Olfactory dysfunction was more common in younger patients. Conclusion: Particular attention needs to be paid to elderly patients due to the greater


Feature recognition is defined as the process of recognizing the feature message from the solid model of the part. Feature recognition method, as the Intelligent interface between CAD and CAPP, is greatly important for effective integration of CAD, CAPP and CAM. On the basis of summarizing the method of feature recognition,this paper proposed the new algorithm of feature recognition of blanking part by analyzing the characteristics of blanking part and taking volume molding into account. Moreover, the existing problems on featue Interaction are discussed and the recognition method based on thehint is proposed.


Objectives
 The COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns may impact lifestyle behaviors including eating habits and physical activity; few studies identified emerging patterns of such changes and associated risk factors. Objectives were to identify patterns of weight and lifestyle behavior change resulting from the pandemic in Canadian adults; and potential risk factors.

 Methods
 Analyses were conducted on 1,609 adults (18–89 y; 90.1% women; 81.8% White) of the Canadian COVIDiet study baseline data (May-Dec 2020). Self-reported current and pre-pandemic weight, physical activity, smoking status, perceived eating habits, alcohol intake and sleep quality were collected by online questionnaires. Based on these 6 indicator variables, categorized into 3–5 levels of change, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify lifestyle behavior change patterns. Associations with potential risk factors including age, gender, ethnicity, education, income, chronic diseases, body image perception, and changes in stress level, living situation and work arrangement were examined with logistic regressions.

 Results
 Participants' mean BMI was 26.8 ± 6.7; 61% had > = bachelor's degree. Since the pandemic, 21% could not always afford balanced meals, 35% had decreased income and 49% changed work arrangement. From LCA, 2 classes of lifestyle behavior change emerged; "healthy" and "less healthy" (probability: 0.58 and 0.42; BIC = 19,354.8, entropy = 5.5). "Healthy" class participants more frequently reported unchanged weight, sleep quality, smoking and alcohol intake, unchanged/improved eating habits and increased physical activity. The "less healthy" class reported significant weight gain, deteriorated eating habits and sleep quality, unchanged/increased alcohol intake and smoking, and decreased physical activity. Among risk factors, body image dissatisfaction [OR = 12.2, 95%CI (9.4–15.8)] and increased stress level [(OR = 5.0, 95%CI (3.8, 6.4)] were associated with adopting "less healthy" behaviors in adjusted models.

 Conclusions
 The COVID-19 pandemic appeared to have influenced lifestyle behaviors unfavorably in some but favorably in others. Body image perception and change in stress level may have modulated these changes; whether these will sustain overtime remains to be studied.

 Funding Sources
 McGill University.


The purpose of the work is to analyze the method of hunting for large animals using trapping pits. These interesting archaeological artifacts are known in the tundra and North taiga zone of Northern Eurasia. The paper deals with the main problems of the initial stage of their study.
In the European part of Russia, the trapping pits were studied insignificantly. Extensive work was carried out in Sweden, Norway, and Finland. The pits were dug and provided with special long fences. The main huntable animals were reindeer and elk. In Russia, the trapping pits are known from the Karelian Isthmus to the Barents Sea. They were used from the Mesolithic to the XVI century. In the Middle Ages in Fennoscandia, the traps could be made by aborigines, Sami, and neighboring groups as Karelians, Finns, Germans. Against a comprehensive study of ethnography and archeology, the hunting pits are good informative archaeological assets.


To overcome the fact that the length of sentences is short and their content is limited, we regard words as independent text objects rather than features of sentences in sentence clustering and develop two co-clustering frameworks, namely integrated clustering and interactive clustering, to cluster sentences and words simultaneously. Since real-world datasets always contain noise, we incorporate noise detection and removal to enhance clustering of sentences and words. Meanwhile, a semisupervised approach is explored to incorporate the query information (and the sentence information in early document sets) in theme-based summarization. Thorough experimental studies are conducted. When evaluated on the DUC2005-2007 datasets and TAC 2008-2009 datasets, the performance of the two noise-detecting co-clustering approaches is comparable with that of the top three systems. The results also demonstrate that the interactive with noise detection algorithm is more effective than the noise-detecting integrated algorithm.


The effect of long‐term angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) therapy on inflammation indices has not been fully investigated in a hypertensive population. The authors evaluated 323 consecutive nondiabetic patients (mean age, 57 years; 176 men; 92 smokers) with high renin activity and uncomplicated essential hypertension whose blood pressure levels normalized (from 163.9/100.7 mm Hg to 131.6/82.8 mm Hg) after 4 weeks of ARB or ARB/diuretic treatment. All patients underwent full laboratory evaluation (routine examination of blood and urine, liver, kidney, thyroid function, and lipid and glucose profiles), including measurement of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and serum amyloid A levels, at drug‐free baseline, which was repeated after 6 months of ARB or ARB/diuretic treatment. A significant (P<.001) overall decrease was noted in both high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (−0.41±1.56 mg/dL) and serum amyloid A (−0.62±2.03 mg/dL), but a smaller decrease in high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and serum amyloid A change was seen in the smoker subgroup compared with nonsmokers (P<.05), indicating that the ARB or ARB/diuretic anti‐inflammatory effect may be adversely affected by smoking status.


Active cancellation of acoustic noise by subtracting a pressure wave equal to the original wave is a relatively new development made possible by the progress of VLSI for signal processing. This paper concerns an active noise cancellation system which was built around a Texas Instruments TMS 32010 signal processing microprocessor. The final system will consist of a source microphone providing a sample of the unwanted signal, a reference microphone located at the site where the noise is required to be cancelled and a loudspeaker located between the noise source and the reference microphone. The signal from the source microphone is processed by an adaptive filter and transmitted by the loudspeaker with the exact phase and amplitude required to cancel the original sound wave.


In this doctoral thesis, we study the problem of computing the ball of smallest radius enclosing a given set of points in any number of dimensions. Variations of this problem arise in several branc ...


Hydrological and hydrochemical investigations have been carried out in the Aliakmonas river basin in northern Greece. The study aimed at providing a basis for a sustainable management of groundwater and surface water resources. Groundwater recharge derived from a water balance model amounted to 172 mm/y for the northernmost part of the catchment and decreased to 131 mm/y and 83 mm/y further east and south. For the whole river basin the modelled runoff reached 357 mm/y compared to 325 mm/y measured at the gauging station Illarion. Hydrochemical investigations confirmed the pattern of groundwater recharge within the basin. A preliminary cluster analysis yielded an aggregation of water samples into end members and their respective mixtures, representing the geogenic influences within the basin. Hydrochemical profiles along the Aliakmonas river showed a lateral subsurface influx from carbonatic aquifers in the upper part of the Aliakmonas river. While the hydrochemical study revealed significant influx from the northwestern molasse along the middle reach of the river Aliakmonas, contributions from ophiolite areas become dominant in the lower part.


Based on 415 posts from 6 apparel retail brands, this study analyzes the liking, commenting and sharing behavior on one social networking site. These brand post interactions are explained by post vividness, interactivity, and content. We also consider the post timing and check for post length and fan number. This study extends the literature in three ways: by addressing post content types, including hashtags as an interactive measure, and studying the domain of apparel retailing in which both brands and consumers are highly engaged and exhibit a high likelihood of social interaction. Vividness characteristics and content types have positive and negative effects on the number of post interactions. Interactivity characteristics, apart from links to a website, as well as the period of time a post is positioned at the top of a brand page, positively affect social interactions. However, post publications on weekdays or weekends have no effect on user social interactions and increasing post length negatively affects the liking, commenting, and sharing behavior.


The things of different level in matter world all have the develop character at any time.Develop of things in cartographic region can be used cartographic region has different state at different time.At tt0 time,according to the condition that the cartographic body belonging to different state of cartographic region we can define the up-to-date planimetric feature,die out planimetric feature and newborn planimetric feature.According to topologic mapping element give the general formula of map symbol and according to the tense character of cartographic target defined the up-to-date map symbol and lack fidelity map symbol.Make use of relation that up-to-date map symbol set and lack fidelity map symbol set mutually complementary set on same a map,the authors put forward map up-to-date value formula,then realized the fixed quantity depict of verisimitude concept.Because this formula only involves the area survey of lack fidelity map symbol set and it has explanative function for experiential facts,therefor it has wide application foreground.


Objective To investigate the reason why the misdiagnostic rate of testicular torsion is high and improve its diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical data of 20 cases of testicular torsion were retrospectively analysed.Results All 20 cases had the symptom of sudden colic of scrotum and went to hospital in 2 h.Only 5 cases were diagnosed as testicular torsion in 6 h by color Dopple ultrasonography.Three cases were cured by surgical detorsion and the testicles of 17 cases were removed for necrosis.The other testicle of all 20 cases was fixed.Conculusion The early diagnosis of testicular torsion is the most important and color Dopple ultrasonography is a reliable easy way.The sufficient knowledge of this disease by the doctors is crucial in improving the diagnosis and treatment.


Reinforced concrete deterioration due to acidification of the environment from microbial activity in view of steel performance is seldom reported and still a debate. An initial scrutiny of several inhibitors indicated methylene blue dye and trisodium-phosphate as the most promising candidates for mild steel protection in diluted H2SO4. Such compounds were combined together into two organic/inorganic hybrids composed of hydroxyapatite (HAP) or vaterite porous matrixes impregnated with methylene blue dye. The novel hybrid systems were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The electrochemical response of steel specimens in a simulated environment containing loaded and empty HAP host was monitored by means of linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results confirmed the inhibitive properties of the chosen compounds in acidic medium, pointing out a synergistic effect resulting from the release of th...


The Teaching Piano is a teaching device for a mentally and physically disabled child. By combining a user interface with a teacher's programmable interface, plus the use of flash cards and attention maintaining devices such as the piano theme and talking Mickey Mouse heads, the Teaching Piano can teach a child number sequencing, alphabet sequencing, days of the week, word-picture association, and more. The Teaching Piano can also be played like a real piano, thus creating an intimate connection between the child and the Teaching Piano as well as provide recreational fulfillment.


This thesis investigates innovative wireless backhaul deployment strategies for dense small cells. In particular, the work focuses on improving the resource utilisation, reliability and energy efficiency of future wireless backhaul networks by increasing and exploiting the flexibility of the network. The wireless backhaul configurations and topology management schemes proposed in this thesis consider a dense urban area scenario with static users as well as an ultra-dense outdoor small cell scenario with vehicular traffic (pedestrians, bus users and car users). Moreover, a diverse range of traffic types such as file transfer, ultra-high definition (UHD) on-demand and real-time video streaming are used.
In the first part of this thesis, novel dynamic two-tier Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture is employed in backhaul network to facilitate complex network management tasks including multi-tenancy resource sharing and energy-aware topology management. The results show the proposed architecture can deliver efficient resource utilisation, and QoS guarantee.
The second part of the thesis presents wireless backhaul architectures that serve ultra-dense outdoor small cells installed on street-level fixtures. The characteristics of vehicular communications including diverse mobility patterns and unevenly distributed traffic are investigated. The system-level performance of two key technologies for 5G backhaul are compared: massive MIMO backhaul using sub-6GHz band and millimetre (mm)-wave backhaul in the 71 – 76 GHz band.
Finally, innovative wireless backhaul architectures delivered from street fibre cabinets for ultra-dense outdoor small cells with vehicular traffic is proposed, which can effectively minimise the need for additional sites, power and fibre infrastructure. Multi-hop backhaul configurations are presented in order to bring in an extra level of flexibility, and thus, improve the coverage of a street cabinet mm-wave backhaul network as well as distribute traffic loads.


Geophysical problems as forced-fold evolution and fault propagation induce large deformations and many localisation. The continuum mechanics does not seem the more appropriate for their description and it appears more interesting to represent the media as initially discontinuous. To face both phenomena, a non smooth Discrete Element Method is used. Geophysical structures are considered as collection of rigid disks which interact by cohesive frictional contact laws. Numerical geophysical formations are correlated to mechanical properties of structures through observation and mechanical analysis.


Recognising the interdenominational conflicts that have shaped the historical formation of the German welfare state, this paper examines the specific contributions of Catholic social thought, as outlined in the solidaristic approach of Heinrich Pesch SJ. The programmatic framework of Pesch's solidarism is explored in the context of the contemporary discourse on social policy that was promoted by the His-torical School, in particular by Adolph Wagner, Gustav Schmoller and Werner Sombart. The leit-motif of that conceptual reconstruction is provided by the normative foundations of social policy in terms of an institutional regulation of socio-economic change. The ensuing comparative assessment is meant to contribute to an understanding of the intellectual history of the German welfare state.


Metglas based extrinsic miniaturized fiber optic magnetic field sensor system has been designed and fabricated for measuring DC magnetic fields. A simple geometry and modification of sensor gage show 98 percent suppression of thermally induced output variation and 92 percent of fringe visibility. A single-board microcomputer is used for accurate signal demodulation and calibration. The system has demonstrated a resolution of better than 100 nT over a range of 100 nT to 40,000 nT.


3. Proof that T is a homomorphism mapping into GL(F8). We have seen that each element of SLF(7) can be written as a product of the generators r, f, and S (using only positive powers, in fact). Since T(r), T(t), and T(S) are known to lie in GL(Fg), repeated application of the lemma shows that T(h) lies in GL(F8) for all h € SLF(7). Having drawn this conclusion, the lemma now shows that T is a group homomorphism. 4. Proof that T is a bijection. So far, we know that T is a group homomorphism mapping SLF(7) into GL(F8). T is actually onto, since the image of T contains {T(r), T{t), T(S))9 which is the whole group GL(F8). Since SLF(7) and GL(F8) both have 168 elements, T must also be one-to-one.


Vibration energy harvesters are transducers that are used to convert the ambient vibrations into electrical energy to power the sensors. Vibration energy harvesters rely on the fact maximum power is produced when their natural frequencies are in resonance with the source vibrations. Since the ambient vibrations are random in nature there is a necessity to develop broadband vibration energy harvesters that are capable producing maximum power at least to the prominent frequencies from the random vibration source. A novel design of a multi-beam vibration energy harvesting structure is proposed that is capable of generating maximum power at multiple source frequencies. An analytical model for the proposed design was rst developed and then validated with the numerical model.


Instrument facility management of an integrated engineering practice teaching base is an important task. It has great effect on improving the practice teaching quality and efficiency. Enhancing the scientific management of facility will do the furthest effect on the task's general development.


A detailed study of electronic properties of tungsten dioxide (WO2) has been performed by means of the projector‐augmented wave method. Two phases were considered: stable monoclinic, which was characterized as a metallic one, and high‐temperature metastable orthorhombic, which was found to be a semiconductor with an energy gap of about 0.6 eV. We also show a possibility that oxygen vacancies in the monoclinic tungsten oxide providing the WO1.75 stoichiometry can result in the semiconducting behaviour of this compound as well.


In this thesis, an interacting, particle number conserving model of spinless fermions in a two-leg ladder system is analyzed in the context of topological edge states. As proven in [1], where the model was proposed first, the ground state has a topologically protected degeneracy and features edge states with non-Abelian braiding statistics for a special choice of parameters. In a first step, the model is treated using bosonization, allowing for a qualitative prediction of the behaviour of the described system depending on the parameters. In this description, the system can be separated into a symmetric and an antisymmetric sector with respect to wire exchange. Then, depending on the parameters, renormalization group arguments can be employed to make statements about the possible occuring phases. In this way, the topological phase is predicted as well as a Luttinger liquid phase and a phase gapped in the antisymmetric sector. For half filling, a charge density wave and a phase with a gap in the symmetric sector can occur. While the assignment of the occuring phases to the appearing parameters can be made qualitatively, a quantitative phase diagram could not be constructed for the initial model this way. Hence, a numerical study using the density-matrix renormalization group is done. An implementation of the algorithm for this task is written to gain maximal flexibility in the available features. Then, the ground state properties of the model dependent on the parameters are computed and a quantitative phase diagram is generated, which is in good agreement with the expectations from bosonization. The qualitative predictions from bosonization about the behaviour of correlation functions is employed to allow for a comparison of the numerical results to the bosonized theory. Also, the stability of the topological phase with respect to symmetry breaking is considered and the protection of the ground state degeneracy by both time-reversal invariance and subchain parity conservation is verified and the analytical results obtained in [1] in perturbation theory are confirmed.


Russia's expansion in the Baltic region in the 18th century was neither an obvious nor historically justified direction. It was Peter I who abandoned the expansion to the south and east in favor of the west. The rise of Russia's power on the Baltic was linked to the decline in importance of the 17th‑century powers blocking its path to Europe: Sweden, the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Ottoman Empire. When Peter I the Great took power Russia had no access to either the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea or the Sea of Azov. However, thanks to Peter I's consistent policy and the actions of subsequent Russian rulers, during the 18th century Russia not only gained access to the Baltic Sea, but also conquered several strategically important ports and became the largest naval power in that area. A symbolic confirmation of the change in the direction of Russian policy in the 18th century can be the transfer of the capital of the state from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 1712. St. Petersburg was a "window on Europe"for Russia and the wide access to the Baltic Sea enabled Russia to influence the fate of the whole of Europe. This article tries to identify the most crucial moments and events that determined the success of Russian policy on the Baltic in the 18th century.


Revolved around the development trend of sports psychology,this paper reviews the influence of Statistical measurement,computer science and cognitive neuroscience on sports psychology,summarizes the modern sciences' contribution to the development of sports psychology,and thus proposes that the overall trend of sports psychology is objectification of subjectivity,that is,objective modern scientific means are adopted to reveal inner subjective psychological characteristics.


Education in Slovenia started as Pre-school Education with the first (from 1st–3rd years) and second age group (from 3rd–6th). Primary School is compulsory and starts from 6th till 15th and has 9 classes is divided into cycles 1st from 1–3 grade, 2nd from 4–6 grade and 3rd from 7–9 grade. After primary school is secondary education that is not (yet) compulsory and after that university.
Most of the children attended preschool that combines education and care. Curriculum for Preschool (1999) base on objectives, contents and activities for first (1st till 3rd) and second (3rd till 6th) age group. Curriculum is national document and have sixth subjects: art, language, mathematics, nature, physical education and society. Literature in Preschool is part of Language arts subject.
Curriculum for Primary School is Slovenian or Language Arts (2011) is divided in Language and Literature. Subject is mother tongue for most pupils and obligatory subject. Theoretical approach on that based Teaching Literature in Preschool and Primary School is reception theory on Wolfgang Iser (The Act of Reading: a theory of aesthetic response, 1978) and Hans Jaus Robert (Aesthetic experience and literary hermeneutics, 1982) in curriculum 1998 and 2011.
In latest decade a leading literary didactic Boža Krakar Vogel (Poglavja iz književne didaktike, 2004 [Chapters from Teaching Literature]) is considering amending the paradigm from reception theory via literary system (Marijan Dovic Slovenski pisatelj, 2007 [Slovenian writer]; Itamar Even Zohar Polysystem studies, 1990, 1997) to systemic literary didactic.


This paper presents the optimization of a search for a new heavy resonance decaying into two boosted Higgs bosons, with two bb pairs in the final state. This search employs novel track jet b-tagging in order to increase signal efficiency previously limited by b-tagged R = 0.4 calorimeter jets. The analysis also utilizes a data-driven background estimation in order to predict gluon splitting background that previously kept this Higgs decay mode from being observed. Several selections of the search are defined, motivated, and varied in order to increase the significance of signal over background. These selections are then tested using the data-driven background estimation in order to ensure their effectiveness for this analysis. These selections show promising results for future runs of this analysis as the LHC turns on again in 2015 with its nominal energy of 7TeV from each beam.


In the ever-changing environment of advanced technology use in education, many things are becoming, if not obsolete, then irrelevant. The education market is still teaming with traditional microbiology textbooks from seasoned authors despite the presence of new, interactive, and colorful textbooks that are student-friendly and relevant. Although senior instructors in the field of education continue to assemble collections of textbooks on their office shelves, college students' bags have lightened and now accommodate a laptop rather than weighty textbooks. At Chicago State University (CSU) we surveyed our current student population from years 1 to 4. The 120-students registered in the College of Health Sciences and Pharmacy were enrolled in the study and were asked questions using the Google form survey tool. The questionnaire included questions about all course textbooks including microbiology. The data suggested that less than 1% of the students bought a textbook as mandated in the course syllabi. 5% of the students studied from free Portable Document Format (PDF) versions available through the internet. More than 90% of the students affirmed that they do not find the need or time to read textbooks. They not only found them boring but an absolute waste of their precious time. The students also reiterated that the content of the textbooks was never tested in their exams and assessments. The respondents overwhelmingly declared that the price of textbooks was not the major issue, and their student loans would cover the book allowances. We speculate that with this rising trend of textbook-free course offerings, there will not only be a shortage of useful textbooks in the education market but that young authors in the field of microbiology will become discouraged and disillusioned. It is therefore time to rethink, replan and reverse the fate of students' eternal companion: the textbook.  Article visualizations:


In rank-order tournaments, players have incentives to cheat in order to increase their probability of winning the prize. Usually, cheating is seen as a technology that allows individuals to illegally increase their best potential performances. This paper argues that cheating can alternatively be seen as a technology that ensures that the best performances are reached more often. We call this technology recovery doping and show that it yields new insights on the effects of cheating: recovery doping lowers performance uncertainty, thereby changing the outcome of the contest in favour of the best players. We develop this theory in a game with player heterogeneity and performance uncertainty and then study the results of the cross-country skiing World Cup between 1987 and 2006. In line with our theoretical predictions, race-specific rankings were remarkably stable during the 1990s, subsequently becoming more volatile. This pattern reflects the rise and fall of synthetic EPO and the emergence of blood testing and profiling.


The extent of pollution of dairy wastewater treated in a septic tank and its potential for biogas production was investigated. Performance of the existing treatment system was assessed through characterization of both raw and treated effluents. From the analysis parameters like Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), alkalinity, turbidity, color and phosphorus disclosed inadequate system performance with treated effluent displaying higher values of organic matter than the allowed discharge limits according to the national standards. Optimal conditions for biogas production such as temperature, pH and type of inoculum were determined through batch experiments. The optimum conditions were 35 o C and pH 7.0 with cow dung as inoculum type, which resulted in production of 0.49 m 3 of biogas per Kg COD of dairy wastewater. The reduction efficiencies of COD, TS and VS were 98%, 78% and 73%, respectively. Therefore, these conditions can be applied for treatment of wastewater at Tanga fresh limited (TFL) Plant, to ensuring adequate dairy wastewater treatment and recovery of biogas while preventing environmental pollution from the 100 m 3 of dairy wastewater produced


An acclaimed analyst of German and U.S. politics tells, for the first time and in a gracious and compelling way, the inside story of how she helped to lay the foundation for the reunification of Germany.


The author presents a brief framework in which social service analysis is conceptualized. Then, a number of basic items is suggested in order to do such analysis.


Phosphine (PH3) is an important molecule in the chemistry of phosphorus (P)-bearing species in the interstellar medium. Interstellar PH3 is thought to primarily form on icy grains, where several surface processes may occur during and after its formation. To better understand the physicochemical behavior of PH3 on icy grains in dense molecular clouds, we performed experimental and computational studies on the reactions of phosphine with H and D atoms at low temperatures. We found that phosphine and its deuterated isotopologue PD3 are released into the gas phase from icy surfaces (porous amorphous, compact amorphous, and crystalline ice) via chemical desorption. Even though the effective desorption cross section did not vary between the different icy surfaces, the desorption fraction was smallest for porous amorphous ice. We confirmed that, at 10 K on icy surfaces, H–D substitution reactions of PH3 and D–H substitution reactions of PD3 occurred following reactions with D and H atoms, respectively. Because the activation barrier for the abstraction of H or D atoms from phosphine is ∼1500 K, quantum tunneling should play a role at low temperatures. Under the present experimental conditions, the H–D substitution reaction of PH3 was slightly slower than the D–H substitution reaction of PD3. Therefore, the rates of the H–D and D–H substitution reactions should not be constrained by tunneling reactions but rather by other elementary processes such as atom diffusion on ice. Our experimental results suggest the possible presence of a deuterated phosphine isotopologue (PH2D) in PH3-rich interstellar environments.


We consider the isothermal Euler model with non-vacuum initial data. We extract the Riemann invariants of the isothermal Euler model, which admits vital applications. We also design the modified Rusanov (mR) scheme to solve the isothermal Euler model. This scheme consists of two steps, the first step of the scheme depends on a local parameter allowing to control diffusion. The second stage recovers conservation equation. This technique is a straightforward to implement and precise. We compare this scheme with the Rusanov scheme via three numerical examples. This numerical study verifies the efficiency of the mR scheme. Finally, the mR scheme can be used to solve many other models in applied science.


ABSTRACT We examined the suitability of East Asian ash (Fraxinus japonica (Thunb.) Steud.) and oak (Quercus spp.) cross-sections as potential eco-friendly sound-absorbing materials for building. We examined the macroscopic anatomical structure of the woods and determined their gas permeability, pore size, and porosity. We also measured the sound absorption coefficient of each material using an impedance tube. In the absence of an air back cavity, both species failed to meet the sound absorption standards required by ISO 11654. However, in the presence of an air back cavity, resonance absorption peaked at a low frequency, corresponding to ISO 11654 class D performance. In sum, these ring-porous woods can be useful as eco-friendly, resonance-sound-absorbing materials.


Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is an allergic disease whose incidence is increasing in Europe and the USA. Its prevalence is rising, and it has been estimated that AD will develop in more than 20% of UK-born children by the age of 3–4 years [1]. AD can often affect the patients' quality of life, first of all when they have persisting or recurring episodes of pruritus, they are irresponsive to conventional therapies, or they develop severe side-effects to drugs [2–4]. In mild and/or moderate cases, topical treatment with steroids and emollients, systemic antihistamines and/or photo-photochemotherapy (UVB 290– 320 nm or narrow-band 311–313 nm, PUVA 365 nm) usually suffices to control the clinical signs and symptoms [5–7]. In severe AD, however, treatments are often insufficient, and different strategies should be considered. Several placebo-controlled trials and open studies have proved that cyclosporin A (CsA) is effective in inducing remission in severe AD [1, 2, 8, 9], but relapses occur quickly after therapy withdrawal [10, 11]. In the present study, we evaluate the efficacy, the tolerability and the clinical remission in severe and/or irresponsive AD using a sequential treatment with oral short-term CsA followed by narrow-band UVB (NB-UVB, 311–313 nm) phototherapy. Seven patients (4 females, mean age 33 years, range 28–40; 3 males, mean age 29 years, range 20–40) with severe and inadequately controlled AD, which fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of Hanifin and Rajka [3], were included in the study. Disease activity was evaluated using a scoring index (SCORAD index) [1], combining extent, severity of clinical features and symptoms before, during and after therapy. Exclusion criteria were: abnormal renal or hepatic function, abnormal serum potassium and uric acid, blood hypertension, pregnancy or lactation, fertile female without contraception, primary or secondary immunodeficiencies, active or chronic infections, previous or concomitant malignancies, epilepsy, ocular diseases, drug or alcohol abuse, concomitant therapy with drugs interacting with CsA or nephrotoxic agents, malabsorption syndrome, previous treatments with systemic steroids, CsA or PUVA during the 4 weeks before the study. No topical or systemic treatment was given in the 4 weeks before and during the study. Topical emollients were continued. At the beginning of the therapy and at each visit, blood pressure was recorded and serum biochemistry and full blood count were monitored [9]. Prior to the treatment, the nature of the study was carefully explained to patients and their written informed consent was obtained. CsA treatment started at 4–5 mg/kg/day until clinical improvement was obtained (an average period of 4 weeks was required to induce remission); then, the daily dose was slowly reduced to 2–3 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, and finally stopped. After a 4to 6-week wash-out period, at the time of the beginning of the relapse, the patients were treated by phototherapy with NB-UVB, 3 times a week, for 2 months (3 patients) and 3 months (4 patients). The patients received phototherapy in a UVB 100 Waldmann Lichttechnik irradiation box, provided with 8 fluorescent tubes (Philips TL-01 lamps, 311–313 nm). The starting dose was chosen by the clinician (182–200 mJ/cm2), and dose increments of about 50 mJ/cm2 were used for each treatment with stepwise increases depending upon the patient's phototype and therapeutic response. During NB-UVB treatment, each patient was given protective spectacles. Table 1 shows the total numbers of treatments and the cumulative exposure doses received by each patient. As a precaution, the starting dose and dose increments were maintained below the levels cited in the literature, because of the previous treatment with CsA. The results obtained by evaluating the patients using the SCORAD index from the start of therapy with CsA, the end of this therapy, during the period of wash-out and at the end of the therapy with NB-UVB are shown in table 2. The SCORAD index mean values are summarized and illustrated in figure 1. The present study confirms that short-term treatment with oral CsA (4–5 mg/kg/day, 2–3 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) is effective in inducing remission in severe AD, producing a rapid clinical response with a sustained improvement in the SCORAD index of 50% or more, relative to baseline. As in previous reports, also in the present study, CsA treatment did not induce long-term remission in our patients; the relapse occurred within 4–6 weeks, with gradual recurrence of erythema and itch. No significant adverse effects were noted during CsA therapy, except in a female patient who presented a transient increase in the urinary protein level compared with baseline. The levels returned to normal by reducing the dose by 30%. Our patients, all affected by severe AD, had a uniform clinical response, with a significant improvement of the SCORAD index. The NBUVB phototherapy allowed us to treat the relapses without sideeffects, obtaining a further improvement of the SCORAD index. Although NB-UVB (311–313 nm) phototherapy is a treatment with few immediate adverse effects, the long-term risk of skin cancer must be taken into account. Comparison of NB-UVB (311–313 nm) phototherapy, broad-band UVB (270–350 nm) phototherapy and oral 8-MOP PUVA in psoriatic patients has shown no increase in the


Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of stretching exercises on lower extremity range of motion (ROM) in prepubertal, pubertal and adolescent boys. We also aimed to examine the initial ROM among the three age groups for both sides of the body. A total of 110 boys aged 10, 13 and 16 years old were divided into two equal groups (training group A and control group B), each group including three age subgroups. Group A participated in school physical activities and an interval strength training programme (12 weeks, 50 min/day, 3 days/week) at high intensity (80–85% of max) and at light intensity (30–40% of max). High-intensity workload was performed on a cycle ergometer for 4 min, alternating with light intensity workload for 8 min including stretching exercises. Group B participated only in the school physical activities, 2–3 times/week. ROM was determined during hip flexion, extension and abduction and knee flexion for right and left sides, using a flexometer and a goniometer. A mixed within- and between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures revealed that initial ROM in hip joint flexion and extension for the left side were similar at all three ages. ROM in hip joint abduction and knee joint flexion was significantly greater in 10-year-old boys than 16-year-olds boys ( P P


According to studies of the biostratigraphic division in Lengke 1 borehole and outcrops, this paper sets up a new stratigraphic system, calibrates seismic sections and traces area and thickness of Jurassic distribution on the north margin of the Chaidamu Basin. It is indicated that a rift sequence is developed along the margin during Early Jurassic time, with several depressions having thickest sediments and favouring formation of hydrocarbon source rocks. During Middle Jurassic time, the north margin of the Basin is characterized by early rifting and late depressing, with source rocks relatively being small in area and thickness. This results has laid a foundation for searching main source rocks, researching into petroleum geology and selecting future exploration targets on the north margin.


The man has always been to offer his products to others and use of any tool, and sometimes this means selling goods that bear the name of marketing its own problems for the environment and human health. This research with the purpose of influencing the role of the women in the case study of women with green marketing vendor in Abhar. Applied research work and descriptive research - with the selection of the sample of retailors 60 people MS in Abhar, which has restricted community of Cochrane limited formula using the table and with the preparation of a standard questionnaire about by the SPSS software data analysis. Cronbach's alpha come with an acceptable reliability of 0.88 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to have a normal distribution, the independent variables between 1.5 to 2.5 errors was that the test was conducted by Watson camera. Regression assumptions by being clear and independent t-test-coefficient (R) 70% of the role of women was set up and verify the vendor in Abhar all assumption to factor analysis (Amos) test to prove.


abstract Article history:Received 23 October 2008Accepted 27 January 2009Available online 5 February 2009Keywords:LuminescenceOptical materials and propertiesMicrowaveUpconversion Efficient upconversion Yb 3+ and Tm 3+ codoped β-NaYF 4 is firstly synthesized via a novel and rapidmicrowave hydrothermal process. The as-prepared sample is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sample shows amicrotube morphology, which may be formed by the curliness of flakes. It is found that NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ ,Tmmicrotubes can be synthesized using microwave hydrothermal method in a much shorter reaction timecompared with conventional hydrothermal method, and the upconversion fluorescent intensity is alsogreatly enhanced under 976 nm laser excitation. The energy transfer upconversion mechanisms and thepossible reason for the enhancement of the fluorescent intensity are also proposed.© 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. IntroductionIn recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the studyof rare earth ions doped upconversion phosphors (UCPS) that emithigher energy photons via absorbance of lower energy excitingphotons [1]. They have potential applications such as color displays[2], solid-state laser and solar cells [3]. Among all these upconversionphosphors, NaYF


This paper deals with shape optimisation of plates and free form shells. Both shape and thickness design variables are considered. The main emphasis of this work is to try to identify the most adequate mathematical programming algorithms for a class of optimisation problems here investigated. The optimisation algorithms here considered are general purpose type algorithms which enables programmers to use optimisers without being specialist on the field. The optimisers studied are the sequential quadratic programming (different versions) and the generalized reduced gradient. Apart from the mathematical programming algorithms, four others main modules integrates a computational system for structural shape optimisation of shells. They are : shape definition, automatic mesh generation, structural analysis, design sensitivity analysis. All of these modules are briefly described here. In order to illustrate the performance of the mathematical programming algorithms, some numerical examples will be investigated.


Summary The COVID-19 crisis has revealed a steady demand for professional journalism as an essential public service. However, the disfunction of the conventional advertising-supported business model has affected an overwhelming proportion of the industry workforce. This article contributes to the discussion on thinkable solutions. It argues that the pandemic has created further empirical evidence to support Habermasian ideas of providing a lifeline for the quality press as a vital contributor to the public sphere, a pillar of good governance in Western democracies. Amid the global challenge posed by the emergency, professional news organizations have proven their essentiality as providers of reliable information vital to tackle healthcare system and policymaking tasks. However, the legacy media are progressively less able to perform their social functions, losing the competition for revenue to the Big Tech. Therefore, liberal democracies should fund independent journalism to ensure the latter remains strong in the post-coronavirus world, holding the political systems accountable. The paper concludes that the pandemic has fostered an environment conducive to translating the feasible policy options into concrete political steps, regulation and lawmaking.


Supplemental Methods Induction of cerebral ischemia in mice Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 30 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) as described. Mice were anesthetized with 2.5% isoflurane (Abbott) in a 70% N2O/30% O2 mixture. Core body temperature was maintained at 37°C throughout surgery by using a feedback-control led heating device. Following a midline skin incision in the neck, the proximal common carotid artery and the external carotid artery were ligated and a standardized silicon rubber-coated 6.0 nylon monofilament (6021; Doccol) was inserted and advanced via the right internal carotid artery to occlude the origin of the right MCA. The intraluminal suture was left in situ for 30 minutes. Then animals were re-anesthetized and the occluding monofilament was withdrawn to allow for reperfusion. Sham-operated mice underwent the same surgical procedure except for the insertion of the filament. Permanent MCA occlusion was performed according to Tamura et al. Briefly, the skin between the right eye and the right ear was incised and the temporal muscle was retracted. To expose the MCA, a small craniotomy was performed and the dura mater was excised. The MCA was occluded permanently using bipolar electrocoagulation forceps (Codman, 0.25 mm Tip Diameter) and the incision wound was sutured afterwards. We injected 300 μg of a CD49d-specific monoclonal antibody (clone R1-2, eBioscience) intraperitoneally 24 h before or 3 h after the induction of ischemia. Control animals were injected with 300 μg rat IgG2b isotype control antibodies (eBioscience) 24 h before or 3 h after induction of ischemia.


Collaborative and Distributed Computation in Mesh-Like Wireless Sensor Arrays.- Prediction-Based Energy Map for Wireless Sensor Networks.- A Formally Verified Decentralized Key Management Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks.- JMS on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.- Dynamic Device Access for Mobile Users.- A Checkpointing Algorithm for Mobile Computing Environment.- Testing Mobile Wireless Applications.- TAPI: Transactions for Accessing Public Infrastructure.- On the Coexistence of UWB with Fixed Wireless Access Systems.- Improving Wireless Access Control Schemes via Adaptive Power Regulation.- Achieving Service Differentiation and High Utilization in IEEE 802.11.- Optimized Power Allocation and Signal Shaping for Interference-Limited Multi-antenna "Ad Hoc" Networks.- On the Performance of a Medium Access Scheme Based on EY-NPMA in a High Bitrate Wireless LAN.- WILMA: An Open Lab for 802.11 HotSpots.- MobileMAN: Mobile Metropolitan Ad Hoc Networks.- Wireless Networking for Virtual Immersive COMmunications: The VICOM Project.- DARWIN: Demonstrator for an Adaptive and Reconfigurable Wireless IP Network.- ? PROS - Micro Protocol Based Development of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.- Simulation Results and a Proof-of-Concept Implementation of the FleetNet Position-Based Router.- EYES - Energy Efficient Sensor Networks.- NetMoAd: Scalability, Dependability, and Flexibility in Ad Hoc Networks.- The SONG (SOlutions for Next Generation Mobile Systems) Project.- Mobile Ad Hoc Communication Issues in Ubiquitous Computing - The Smart-Its Experimentation Platforms.- IST Project: BroadWay - The Way to Broadband Access at 60 GHz.- An Adaptive Radio Link Protocol to Improve TCP Performance over Correlated Fading Wireless Channels.- Novel Delayed ACK Techniques for Improving TCP Performance in Multihop Wireless Networks.- Performance Evaluation of Transport Protocols with Local Mobility Management.- Analysis and Measurement of TCP/IP Performance over GPRS Networks.- Exact Probabilistic Analysis of the Limited Scheduling Algorithm for Symmetrical Bluetooth Piconets.- A Probabilistic Topology Unaware TDMA Medium Access Control Policy for Ad Hoc Environments.- Power-Saving in Wi-Fi Hotspots: An Analytical Study.- A Queuing Analysis of Packet Dropping over a Wireless Link with Retransmissions.- Models for Non-intrusive Estimation of Wireless Link Bandwidth.- Supporting Proactive Location-Aware Services in Cellular Networks.- Implementation of a Scalable Context-Aware Computing System.- SPREADing the Web.- A Service Discovery Model for Wireless and Mobile Terminals in IPv6.- Comparing SOAP Performance for Various Encodings, Protocols, and Connections.- Channel Capacity of MIMO Wideband CDMA System under the Imperfect Channel Estimation and Near/Far Effect.- Performance Evaluation of Partially Coherent MC/DS-CDMA System with MOC Sequence.- Throughput Competitiveness of WCDMA Channel Assignment.- Radio Planning and Optimization of W-CDMA Systems.- Soft Output Bit Error Rate Estimation for WCDMA.- The Convergence of Control, Communication, and Computation.- Self-Organising Node Address Management in Ad Hoc Networks.- DiSUS: Mobile Ad Hoc Network Unstructured Services.- Performance Evaluation of Base-Station-Assisted Link State Routing Method for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.- A QoS Control Scheme for Voice and Data Services in cdma2000 System.- Push Driven Service Composition in Personal Communication Environments.- Performance Analysis and Modelling of an OSA Gateway.- Experimental Results of 802.11a Wireless LAN System over Optical Fiber.- Last Interaction Based Paging in Mobile Cellular Networks.- Multi-period Channel Assignment.- Supporting UMTS QoS in Wireless LANs.- "On the Integration of MPEG-4 Streams Pulled Out of High Performance Mobile Devices and Data Traffic over a Wireless Network"Collaborative and Distributed Computation in Mesh-Like Wireless Sensor Arrays.- Prediction-Based Energy Map for Wireless Sensor Networks.- A Formally Verified Decentralized Key Management Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks.- JMS on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.- Dynamic Device Access for Mobile Users.- A Checkpointing Algorithm for Mobile Computing Environment.- Testing Mobile Wireless Applications.- TAPI: Transactions for Accessing Public Infrastructure.- On the Coexistence of UWB with Fixed Wireless Access Systems.- Improving Wireless Access Control Schemes via Adaptive Power Regulation.- Achieving Service Differentiation and High Utilization in IEEE 802.11.- Optimized Power Allocation and Signal Shaping for Interference-Limited Multi-antenna "Ad Hoc" Networks.- On the Performance of a Medium Access Scheme Based on EY-NPMA in a High Bitrate Wireless LAN.- WILMA: An Open Lab for 802.11 HotSpots.- MobileMAN: Mobile Metropolitan Ad Hoc Networks.- Wireless Networking for Virtual Immersive COMmunications: The VICOM Project.- DARWIN: Demonstrator for an Adaptive and Reconfigurable Wireless IP Network.- ? PROS - Micro Protocol Based Development of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.- Simulation Results and a Proof-of-Concept Implementation of the FleetNet Position-Based Router.- EYES - Energy Efficient Sensor Networks.- NetMoAd: Scalability, Dependability, and Flexibility in Ad Hoc Networks.- The SONG (SOlutions for Next Generation Mobile Systems) Project.- Mobile Ad Hoc Communication Issues in Ubiquitous Computing - The Smart-Its Experimentation Platforms.- IST Project: BroadWay - The Way to Broadband Access at 60 GHz.- An Adaptive Radio Link Protocol to Improve TCP Performance over Correlated Fading Wireless Channels.- Novel Delayed ACK Techniques for Improving TCP Performance in Multihop Wireless Networks.- Performance Evaluation of Transport Protocols with Local Mobility Management.- Analysis and Measurement of TCP/IP Performance over GPRS Networks.- Exact Probabilistic Analysis of the Limited Scheduling Algorithm for Symmetrical Bluetooth Piconets.- A Probabilistic Topology Unaware TDMA Medium Access Control Policy for Ad Hoc Environments.- Power-Saving in Wi-Fi Hotspots: An Analytical Study.- A Queuing Analysis of Packet Dropping over a Wireless Link with Retransmissions.- Models for Non-intrusive Estimation of Wireless Link Bandwidth.- Supporting Proactive Location-Aware Services in Cellular Networks.- Implementation of a Scalable Context-Aware Computing System.- SPREADing the Web.- A Service Discovery Model for Wireless and Mobile Terminals in IPv6.- Comparing SOAP Performance for Various Encodings, Protocols, and Connections.- Channel Capacity of MIMO Wideband CDMA System under the Imperfect Channel Estimation and Near/Far Effect.- Performance Evaluation of Partially Coherent MC/DS-CDMA System with MOC Sequence.- Throughput Competitiveness of WCDMA Channel Assignment.- Radio Planning and Optimization of W-CDMA Systems.- Soft Output Bit Error Rate Estimation for WCDMA.- The Convergence of Control, Communication, and Computation.- Self-Organising Node Address Management in Ad Hoc Networks.- DiSUS: Mobile Ad Hoc Network Unstructured Services.- Performance Evaluation of Base-Station-Assisted Link State Routing Method for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.- A QoS Control Scheme for Voice and Data Services in cdma2000 System.- Push Driven Service Composition in Personal Communication Environments.- Performance Analysis and Modelling of an OSA Gateway.- Experimental Results of 802.11a Wireless LAN System over Optical Fiber.- Last Interaction Based Paging in Mobile Cellular Networks.- Multi-period Channel Assignment.- Supporting UMTS QoS in Wireless LANs.- "On the Integration of MPEG-4 Streams Pulled Out of High Performance Mobile Devices and Data Traffic over a Wireless Network".- Embedding MANETs in the Real World.- Impact of Directional Antennas on Ad Hoc Routing.- A Rotational Sector-Based, Receiver-Oriented Mechanism for Location Tracking and Medium Access Control in Ad Hoc Networks Using Directional Antenna.- Alleviating Effects of Mobility on TCP Performance in Ad Hoc Networks Using Signal Strength Based Link Management.- Energy Efficient Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.- Providing Internet Access to IPv6 Mobile Personal Area Networks through UMTS.- Smooth Handover and Optimized Uplink Routing in Cellular IPv6 Networks.- IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in Ad Hoc Networks.- Performance Analysis of Fast Handover in Mobile IPv6 Networks.- A Novel Energy Efficient Communication Architecture for Bluetooth Ad Hoc Networks.- Design and Analysis of a Bluetooth-Based Indoor Localization System.- On Efficient Topologies for Bluetooth Scatternets.- Enhancing Scatternets Performance via Scheduling Algorithm Parametrization.- Security in Ad Hoc Networks.- Equilibrium Analysis of Packet Forwarding Strategies in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks - The Static Case.- Towards Reliable Forwarding for Ad Hoc Networks.- Towards a Novel Transport Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks.- An Enhanced MAC Architecture for Multi-hop Wireless Networks.- On Demand Network Level Service Deployment in Ad Hoc Networks.- A Context-Aware Location Service for Metropolitan Ad Hoc Networks.- A Novel Approach for Distributed Simulation of Wireless Mobile Systems.- Enhanced Power Saving Scheme for IEEE 802.11 DCF Based Wireless Networks.- Are Classes of Nodes with Different Power Amplifiers Good for Wireless Multi-hop Networks?.- Solar-Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks.


Harriss-White B (2010) Work and well-being in informal economies: The regulative roles of institutions of identity and the state. World Development 38(2): 170–183. Lund F (2008) Social protection and the labour market: Towards a research agenda. IDS Bulletin 39(2): 87–92. Sandbrook R, Edelman M, Heller P and Teichman J (2007) Social Democracy in the Global Periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Standing G (2010) Work after Globalization: Building Occupational Citizenship. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. UNRISD. (2010) Combating Poverty and Inequality: Structural Change, Social Policy and Politics. Geneva: UNRISD.


The response of a Hemispheric model atmosphere to forcing by the Hemispheric topography and the stationary heat sources in winter was examined. In this computation the model described in Part I of this paper is used. The computed results show that the amplitude of standing wave responding to forcing by stationary heat sources at high latitudes, for zonal wave number 1, is larger than that forced by stationary heat sources at middle latitudes. The results also show that the amplitude of standing waves for zonal wave number 1 responding to forcing by the Hemispheric stationary heat sources is larger than that responding to forcing by the Hemispheric topography. In these computations, the role of refractive index square of standing waves for zonal wave number 1 or 2 is discussed in relation with the propagation of standing waves from the lower troposphere at middle and high latitudes toward the upper stratosphere at high latitudes or the upper troposphere at low latitudes. The momentum, heat and Eliassen-Palm fluxes due to standing waves computed by this model, are qualitatively in good agreement with the observed results.