The Danube Region consists of various countries that are determined by geographic, economic, cultural and socio-demographic characteristics. Certain regions show different trends of development with increasing regional differences. Regarding that the importance gets newly formed EU Strategy for the Danube Region, the Danube Strategy, which represents a new approach to the European Union's macro-regions, and is focused on four main directions of cooperation in the Danube Region: linking macro-regions, environmental protection, building prosperity and strengthening macro-region. Croatia, as a Danube country, accepted the idea of creating a unified European international space, as suggested in the Danube Strategy, and it is actively engaged in the process. The Croatian Danube Region includes two easternmost counties, Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem. The rich cultural and natural heritage of the two counties can be further exploited in the improved tourist offer, advocated by the Strategy. Croatian Danube Region has tourism potentials and with the appropriate measures and incentives this region could become one of the leading regions in continental tourism in Croatia. This article presents and analyzes the Danube Strategy and its importance for Croatia, the tourist and cultural potentials of the Croatian Danube Region with regard to their greater recognition and utilization as crucial for sustainable development of this, in terms of tourism, still insufficiently developed parts of Croatia, and the possibilities of tourism and culture in the Croatian Danube Region within the framework of the Danube Strategy.


It is challenging to establish the existence of higher-level auditory-processing disorders in military veterans with mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Yet, mild TBI appears to be a highly prevalent disorder among U.S. veterans returning from recent military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Recent prevalence estimates for mild TBI, for example, among these military veterans have suggest a rate of 7–9% [Carlson, K.F. et al. (2011), "Prevalence, assessment and treatment of mild Traumatic Brain Injury an Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: a systematic review of the evidence," J. Head Trauma Rehabil., 26, 103–115]. A key factor in diagnosing central components for auditory-processing disorders may lie in the potentially confounding influences of concomitant peripheral auditory and cognitive dysfunction in many veterans with TBI. This situation is strikingly similar to that observed in many older adults. Many older adults, for example, exhibit peripheral hearing loss and typical cognitive-processing deficits oft...


Objectives Retinoids have indicated efficacy for treating acute promyelocytic leukemia. The retinoids have proven to be effective in inducing cellular differentiation and suppressing proliferation in numerous tumor cell lines. An increased incidence of colorectal carcinoma is known to occur in patients with ulcerative colitis, which displays a cycle of recurrence-remission, i.e. periods of ulceration and regeneration of the colorectal mucosa. Methods Three-time administrations of 3% dextran sulfate sodium subsequent to a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane induce a chronic ulcerative colitis resulting in an increase of high-grade dysplasia and submucosal-invasive adenocarcinomas in the mouse colorectum. Hence, the effects of all-trans retinoic acid, one of retinoids, on colorectal carcinogenesis in mice with ulcerative colitis were investigated. Results Additive treatment with all-trans retinoic acid prevented shrinkage of the colorectum, which was affected by a cycle of recurrence-remission in colorectal mucosa, resulting in a reduced incidence of colorectal dysplasia and a reduced expression of thymidine kinase mRNA in the colorectum. Conclusion The findings may suggest that all︱trans retinoic acid inhibit colorectal inflammation and/or carcinogenesis and its development as an inhibitor of colorectal epithelial cell proliferation and the neoplastic process, or as a promoter of cellular differentiation.


An ion chromatograph system for the determination of chloride in m-Hydroxy-N,N-diethyl aniline was described. The mobile phases were sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The analytical column was Ionpac AS14. The experimental results were well and showed that the method was simple, reliable and inexpensive.


This thesis will develop a basic method to evaluate the overall quality of proposed infrastructure projects for private sector financial investment. INFRATEST is meant to aid both potential private infrastructure developers and public entities, which desire to privatize certain infrastructure projects, in selection of the most appropriate infrastructure projects to benefit from the advantages of free enterprise. INFRATEST is premised on 15 equallyweighted factors which represent the major components that affect overall infrastructure project economic, financial, and technical viability. Associated with each of the 15 factors are indicators which measure the important aspects of their respective factors. There are 31 indicators in all and they are evaluated on a numerical scale of one to ten. Factor scores are determined from indicator value averages. INFRATEST can serve the private developer and the public entity by providing an information base for deciding which privately funded infrastructure development proposals deserve consideration in the capital markets and for deciding which proposed infrastructure projects are to be developed with public or private funds. Application of INFRATEST to two real-world project proposals, the SAVE project and the Northumberland Bridge project, demonstrated the method's ease and universality of application as well as the method's simple and clear conclusions. Thesis Supervisor: John B. Miller Title: Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Thesis Supervisor: Henry L. Michel Title: Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering


ABSTRACT The aim of study was to model and optimize the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids with expressed antioxidant activity from chickpea seeds using a central composite design. The optimal extraction conditions were the extraction time of 145.5 min, ethanol concentration of 83.7% and liquid-to-solid ratio of 24.9 (expressed as cm3 per g). The content of total polyphenol and flavonoid was 2.75 g gallic acid equivalent per kilogram of the dried extract and 0.147 g rutin equivalent per kilogram of the dried extract, respectively. Using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, it was found that the optimal extract had the IC50 of 1.55 mg cm−3.


Wallen, Jeffrey.1998. Closed Encounters: Literary Politics and Public Cultures. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. $18.95 sc. 232 pp. Cornel Bonca California State University, Fullerton Of the multiple embarrassments Americans endured during the Clinton impeachment crisis, what passed for congressional debate vies for the nadir of the whole affair. Streams of representatives from each side of the aisle stormed the podium to deliver their blustery orations, but since the Congresspersons had clearly already made up their minds, the "debate" was all theater: representatives spoke not to persuade their colleagues but merely to stake a position for the cameras, to identify themselves as for or against. Politicians have long been guilty of abusing and trivializing discourse, but it is hard to remember a time when our leaders have made national debate seem so impotent. I imagine that Jeffrey Wallen toyed with the idea of delaying publication of his outstanding book, Closed Encounters: Literary Politics and Public Culture, so he could include a discussion of the impeachment. It's an entirely too apt example of the "poverty of conversation" that Wallen says affects much of contemporary American discourse. Wallen's subject is less about Washington than it is about academic discourse in the humanities, but to Wallen the same impoverishment reigns. His thesis, formulated before by others but never worked out with such precision and passionate care, is that theorists on both right and left have stopped listening to each other. They storm up to the various podiums of classroom, academic conclave, or journal forum, declare their positions-about the canon, about political correctness, about critical theory's most fundamental issues (particularly those surrounding Foucault's knowledge/power nexus) with furious conviction, yet they condescend witheringly to the other side when they're not declaring themselves insulted and make it clear that no debate is possible because the other side is not only wrong but essentially incompetent to engage in debate at all because of its intellectual (read moral) deficiencies. In the process, both sides have abandoned the protocols, the liberal assumptions, that undergird rational debate, and so have ended up, at best, preaching to the converted and, at worst, undermining the very values of openness and freedom that they claim to espouse. Himself that most orphaned of ivory tower denizens, a naked liberal, Wallen takes as his particular target the academic left, a group with whom he has numerous intellectual and political affinities but which he also believes is more guilty of hypocrisy, intolerance, and bad faith than the right. His encounters with that left have been uncomfortably personal: he recounts, with admirable restraint and as a central case study of the poverty of conversation that is his subject, his struggle with the administration of Hampshire College. The college attempted to deny him tenure because, committed liberal that he was, he refused, in the leftist parlance, to "educate for social justice," to "promote advocacy in the classroom," or turn his classrooms into forums whose function was to "critique and subvert the dominant culture" (36). For this stubbornness, he was accused, Wallen continues, of having only a "superficial, perfunctory understanding of the new forms of knowledge and [was] therefore unqualified to teach" (37).Wallen won his tenure battle, but the experience was the kind of eye-opening entree into the political energies roiling through today's academic debates that doubtless gave him the impetus to write this book. In the first of the three major sections of Closed Encounters, Wallen performs a "critique of the critique of liberalism" (7). He is by no means naive philosophically-in fact, he's a post-Nietzschean pragmatist unwilling to defend on metaphysical grounds the traditional notions of individuality, truth, freedom, or rationality, which serve as foundations for liberal discourse. …


The flow in a square duct is considered. Finite amplitude approximate traveling wave solutions, obtained using the self-sustaining-process approach introduced by Waleffe [Phys. Fluids 9, 883 (1997)], are obtained at low to moderate Reynolds numbers and used as initial conditions in direct numerical simulations. The ensuing dynamics is analyzed in a suitably defined phase space. Only one among the traveling wave solutions found is capable of surviving for a long time, with the flow trajectory forming quasiregular loops in phase space. Eventually, also this trajectory escapes along the manifold of a chaotic saddle and relaminarization ensues.


This paper deals with the derivation of an analytical time-domain formulation for the prediction of the acoustic velocity field generated by moving bodies in a medium at rest, according to the Kirchhoff method. The present formulation can be implemented in acoustic pressure codes based on the Farassat's Kirchhoff formula for arbitrary moving bodies, thus allowing direct and fast calculation of the acoustic velocity field in scattering problems. For validation purposes, four test cases are considered, namely a three-dimensional monopole, dipole and quadrupole source, as well as a monopole in uniform flow. Comparison of the results with the analytical solutions proves the remarkable accuracy of the present formulation.


Humans recognize, grasp, and manipulate objects on a daily basis. Critical to those behaviors is the ability to integrate information about visual structure, object function, and object-associated manipulation. This chapter reviews several lines of evidence that have documented a dissociation between representations of object function and representations of object manipulation. Drawing on a prior suggestion by Rothi, Heilman, and colleagues, the authors argue that this distinction runs parallel to a distinction made in the context of language processing, between abstract semantic representations of words and modality-specific representations of word forms. The studies that are reviewed in the chapter use a range of methods, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and cognitive neuropsychological investigations of patients with brain injuries. The chapter also reviews studies on the functional and structural connectivity between temporal and parietal areas that are implicated in processing function and manipulation knowledge, respectively. It concludes by outlining key issues that lie ahead, emphasizing the role that connectivity-based measures will likely play in developing an explicit model of how the brain deploys the right actions to the right objects. The authors suggest that there are further lessons to be learned from models of lexical access in developing a computationally explicit model of object-directed action.


Contracaecum spp. are common parasites of seals and piscivorous birds. The world‐wide distribution which has been attributed to the species C. osculatum needs verification. In the present study thc intra‐specific variability of some taxonomically significant characters was studied in this species. Features analysed include the length and morphology of the distal end of the spicules, the number of proximal caudal papillae and the number of papillae in the region of the first 25 cuticular transverse striae anterior to the cloaca, delined as the Pts zone (precloacal transverse striae zone). The spicules reach their maximum length only in fully grown worms. while the morphology of the distal end of the spicule is determined early in the life of adult male worms. Included is a detailed analysis of the observed morphometric variability in the distal end of the spicule. The number of cuticular transverse striae in relation to papillae in the Pts zone remains constant in different length classes of the parasite. A redescription of the parasite is provided, bascd on material obtained from grey seals in the Baltic Sea, to serve as a basis for discussions on the taxonomy of the genus.


As the result of globalization, the predicament in aesthetic research comes from two aspects: the invasions of consuming culture and cultural hegemony. Its way out lies in the reconstruction of China's aristocracy consciousness, the transformation of the classical aesthetic resources into modern resources and an active participation in the construction of a global aesthetic system. Globalization means both a challenge and an opportunity, which has paved an expressway for China's aesthetics to open to the outside world.


This article presents a decentralized adaptive droop-based control for active power sharing between the parallel inverters in autonomous microgrids. This article is focused on improving the transient performance of the system proposing a robust controller. The analysis does not require load current measurement where the Lyapunov analysis-based control takes load current as a disturbance to the system. The mathematical analysis takes a more practical form of LC filter configuration where the dynamics due to resistances across the LC is also considered. Controller gain conditions are considered by employing a detailed Lyapunov analysis. A comparative study of the conventional droop control with the proposed adaptive droop control is included in this article. MATLAB has been employed as the Simulink platform for the comparative study. In addition, for experimental verification, an FPGA-based hardware setup has been developed and the related results are presented to verify the real-time operation of the proposed adaptive control.


The thesis uses literature and questionnaire research methods to discuss a series of environmental problems caused by outdoor sports and the impact of environmental pollution on sports. Simultaneously, based on the concept of green environmental protection, corresponding environmental protection countermeasures are proposed to achieve a dynamic balance between sports and the natural environment, that is, to achieve veritable green sports.


PURPOSE: To provide a face-regulated electrolytic copper foil having extremely good properties, a method for producing it, and its use. CONSTITUTION: In the method for producing face-regulated electrolytic copper foil, electrolytic copper foil having a shiny face and a mat face in which the average surface roughness lies in the range of 2.5 to 10 μm is subjected to mechanical polishing at least one time so as to control the average surface roughness of the mat face to 1.5 to 3.0 μm, and, after that, the mechanically polished mat face is selectively subjected to chemical polishing so as to control the average surface roughness to 0.8 to 2.5 μm. Moreover, the face-regulated electrolytic copper foil is produced by such method. PCB and multilayer laminated PCB use this face-regulated electrolytic copper foil. The mat face is subjected to the mechanical polishing and is next subjected to the chemical polishing, so that the face-regulated electrolytic copper foil having extremely good properties can be obtd., where PCB denotes an abbreviation of printed circuit board.


Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is conducted with a variety of configurations involving differing probe geometries under static loading in tension, compression, or flexure. The most frequent assignment made in these applications involving thermomechanical measurements is that of transition temperatures, which include the melt temperature, glass transition, softening point, etc. Assurance of an isothermal study temperature is also a common requirement in TMA experiments. Intrinsic in any of these measurements is the knowledge of the sample temperature; yet, in practice, it is only the temperature in close proximity to the specimen that is known. The transformation of proximity temperatures recorded in thermomechanical devices to sample transition temperatures is of utmost importance in both basic research and quality control of materials. It is accomplished by an accurate calibration of the TMA sample temperature and should be considered a prerequisite to may other determinations. This paper will discuss the topic of temperature calibration of thermomechanical devices. Efforts which led to the establishment of ASTM E 1363, Test Method for Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers, for the calibration of such TMA instruments through ASTM Task Group E37.01.12 will be included.


It is shown by means of Markov chain analysis that unimodal binary long-path problems can be solved by mutation and elitist selection in a polynomially bounded number of trials on average.


that on learning, with deep regret, of the disastrous fire at the Delaur.ays Road Hospital of the Manchester Guardians, he immediately instructed the general inspector for the district to visit the institution and attend the inquest. Mr. Hayes Fisher added that he had called for reports as to the use of any temporary buildings of this nature in Poor-Law institutions, with a view to securing that adequate precautions are taken against risk of fire.


Iterative control constructs in data flow programming languages have always been a challenging part of language design. We suggest a solution for iterative processing in data flow diagrams based on the notion of a conditional data flow switch, and specialized iterative constructs based on pattern matching for vectors, matrices, and multisets. All of these constructs can be seamlessly incorporated into a dataflow visual programming language. We demonstrate how these constructs may be used to reveal the spatial/temporal dualism of data streams.


Ocean racers are athletes capable of great physical and mental performances. They must be able to cope with extreme weather conditions, minimal cyclic sleep and intense physical requests. This case control, prospective study compares the cardiovascular capacities of these sailors to the normal population, thanks to standardized test (EKG, echography, stress test) which analyses the cardiac rhythm while running thanks to a rhythmic holter. 17 cases and 15 controls were included. No statistically significative result was noted except the VO2max, which was significatively higher in the sailor group 50 ml/kg/min versus 36,5 ml/kg/min ; p = 0,01; but the analyses was made on a very small group. A loss of nocturne circadian cardiac rhythm an increased heart rate variability were also noticed. Concerning heart arrhythmia, no statisticaly difference was revealed. More subjects should be included to pursue the research.
Les coureurs au large en solitaire sont des sportifs de haut niveau capables de performances physiques et cognitives. Ils sont soumis a une demande physique intense, des conditions exterieures extremes et un sommeil polyphasique. Cette etude prospective cas temoins cherche a comparer les capacites cardiovasculaires des coureurs au large versus une population temoin par des tests standardises (ECG, echocardiographie, epreuve d effort) et d etudier la variation de la frequence cardiaque en situation de course par holter rythmique. 17 cas et 15 temoins ont ete inclus. Nous n avons pas mis en evidence de difference significative en terme de capacites cardiovasculaire a l exception de la VO2 max qui est significativement plus elevee chez les skippers 50 ml/kg/min versus 36,5 ml/kg/min ; p = 0,01. Il existe une perte du rythme cardiaque nycthemeral et une variabilite de la frequence cardiaque importante avec un aspect de courbe de frequence cardiaque en dents de peigne chez les coureurs. Il n y avait pas de difference significative en terme d arythmie cardiaque entre les deux populations. Une etude sur un echantillon plus grand permettrait de confirmer ces premiers resultats.


The Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation (CHERE) was established in 1991. CHERE is a centre of excellence in health economics and health services research. It is a joint Centre of the Faculties of Business and Nursing, Midwifery and Health at the University of Technology, Sydney, in collaboration with Central Sydney Area Health Service. It was established as a UTS Centre in February, 2002. The Centre aims to contribute to the development and application of health economics and health services research through research, teaching and policy support. CHERE's research program encompasses both the theory and application of health economics. The main theoretical research theme pursues valuing benefits, including understanding what individuals value from health and health care, how such values should be measured, and exploring the social values attached to these benefits. The applied research focuses on economic and the appraisal of new programs or new ways of delivering and/or funding services. CHERE's teaching includes introducing clinicians, health services managers, public health professionals and others to health economic principles. Training programs aim to develop practical skills in health economics and health services research. Policy support is provided at all levels of the health care system by undertaking commissioned projects, through the provision of formal and informal advice as well as participation in working parties and committees. University of Technology, Sydney City campus, Haymarket PO Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007 Tel: +61 2 9514 4720 Fax: + 61 2 9514 4730 Email: email@example.com www.chere.uts.edu.au


Leaf yellowing may compromise the commercial value of several cut flowers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cytokinins on delaying leaf yellowing in two cultivars of cut chr y- santhemum, one sensitive (cv. Regan bianco) and one insensitive (cv. Regan giallo) to leaf yellowing. Cytokinins such as benzyladenine (BA) 50 or 100 µM and thidiazuron (TDZ) 5 or 10 µM were applied as pulse treatment for 24 hr to cut flowers. Insensitive cut chrysanthemum flowers were also treated with 50 or 100 µM TDZ. Results showed that both cytokinins were able to delay leaf yellowing in the sensitive cul - tivars. However, the effect of TDZ was stronger and significantly increased total leaf chlorophyll content by 35% measured at the end of the experimental period (40 days) compared to the initial value. Treatments with TDZ in the insensitive cultivars prevented the weight losses and improved the hydraulic conductance along the stem.


The article is devoted to the identification, compilation and analysis of the most important and promising areas for the introduction of single tax on real estate, and demonstrates conflicting views on this problem and its possible solutions. Also the issues are considered related to the work carried out by public authorities to transform the existing taxes on property and land. Basing on the research the authors determine the stages of real estate tax implementation taking into consideration the features of modern legislation.


The objective of this paper is to address the linear state-feedback control problem for a family of high-order uncertain nonlinear systems. Based on the adding a power integrator technique, the authors recursively construct a linear controller with dynamic gains, which can be used to deal with the uncertain nonlinear terms and simplify the controller structure. Moreover, it is proved that the proposed control law can globally regulate system states to the origin and guarantee the boundedness of all the signals of the closed-loop system as well. Finally, a simulation example is presented with some comparison with the existing result so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.


The present invention relates to a shift control system and shift control method. Wherein, P-ECU in a gear shift command is not issued is determined (S72) (S70 "Yes") when the actuator to the excitation of whether cut. If excitation to the actuator is cut off (S72 is "Yes"), the P-ECU worth the current rotational position of the actuator (S74) in accordance with a count derived by an encoder. If the difference between the target rotational position and the rotational position of the current exceeds a predetermined amount (S76 is "Yes"), position correction control (S78).


School has never been only about teaching its students new information. The influence on their character and behavior is undeniable. There are many ways how to include character education into everyday educational system (and with that the curriculum). One of them - and many researchers believe it to be a good way - is to teach the values through the literature classes. Connecting values and literature bears some positives and researchers agree on it being a very easy and natural process.Books have the power to change people's thinking and with that their character. They can help them learn the difference between good and evil and can help them understand their own self and its place in today's world. The combination of character education and literature might be the answer to how to incorporate values into the everyday life of today's young people. In this article, we focus on the combination of literature and character education. Firstly, we explain some of the positives of combining these two. Then, we also suggest a way such classes can be done in order to help other teachers to adopt this approach. We use our experience in the field of character education from the quasiexperiment we are currently conducting.


This paper explores the views held by Japanese and Korean intellectuals towards each other`s countries in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Focusing primarily on Korean scholars, it discusses various perspectives of the neighboring society gained through direct interaction and written texts, and sheds light on how Japanese and Koreans perceived their neighbor`s state, culture, and people. These intellectuals offered affirming visions of the other which progressed beyond the complicated historical background following the Imjin War of 1592-1598. As seen in the writings of such scholars as Yi Ik, Yi Tongmu, An Chongbok, Fujiwara Seika, and Yamazaki Ansai, mutual perceptions of Tokugawa Japan and Choson Korea changed significantly throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.


During the late 1990s ad up to 2007 several countries experienced sharp increases in house price. These episodes are usually mentiones among the causes of the recent world's economic and financial turmoil. the dramatic growth in bank lending during this period has been broadly held responsible for these market dynamics. However, the empirical relationship between mortgage credit and house prices remains largely unexplained. This paper analyses the relationship between house prices and mortgaged credit in Spain, a country where house prices and mortgage credit have experienced a high growth in recent years prior to the financial crisis. We wmploy a quaterly databe from 1988Q4 to 2008Q4. Usin cointegration analysis and Vector-Error-Correction (VEC) models, we find that both houses prices and mortgage credit interact in the short and in the long-run. the results also suggest that there were a regime shift in mortgaged lending in Spain in 2001-where mortgage credit securitization substantially grew- that increased the economic significance of the impact of motgage lending on house prices.


In this paper, a new technique for wideband impedance matching of short dipole antennas in the VHF-UHF bands is proposed. A simple network of one fixed topology is proposed instead of constructing the network topology for every particular antenna. This network is an inductive L-section cascaded with high-pass T-section. The network includes five discrete components-three inductors and two capacitors. This paper proves that matching with the present network is close to the theoretical limit impedance matching confirmed by Bode- Fano theory. The matching is performed for different dipole shapes. By using the matching circuit of fixed topology we avoid greater difficulties related to the practical realization of the Carlin's equalizer. The key point is to minimize the antenna's matching network complexity (and loss) so that the circuit can be designed and constructed in a straight forward manner.


Mehdi Salih ShihabAl-Nahrain University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Al-Jadrya, Baghdad-IraqE-mail: email@example.com Received February 15, 2008Study of computational model of the concerted Diels-Alder reaction between 9,10-dimethyl anthracene (asdonor) and tetracyanoethylene (as acceptor) in absence and in presence of aromatic solvents (benzene,mesitylene and hexamethylbenzene, as donors) using an AM1 semi-empirical method. AM1 method used tostudy the neutral charge transfer complex models that could be expected between donor and acceptor duringthe course of the concerted Diels-Alder reaction. Calculated enthalpies of reaction of the charge transfercomplexes models showed physical and chemical meaning for explain the effect of aromatic solvents on thekinetic process of concerted Diels-Alder reaction that contains tetracyanoethylene. Key Words : AM1 method, Neutral charge transfer complex, Concerted Diels-Alder reactionIntroductionThe Diels-Alder reaction which involving [4+2] cyclo-addition of diene to dienophile to give a six-member unsatu-rated ring, is occupied a wide space in the organic synthesis.Fukui and coworkers


Machine learning techniques benefit science and industry primarily insofar as they enable data analysts to better understand their data, make valid conclusions, and gain insight into their domain of investigation. Studies in anthropocentric data analysis seek to understand how human judgment is applied in the data analysis process and to develop methods that provide explicit opportunities for human interaction and insight. We present three studies of human visual reasoning exploring the extent to which novice and expert subjects are able to judge the quality of and understand cluster analysis and dimensionality reduction stimuli. We then investigate whether humans are able to learn how cluster analysis algorithms function simply through interacting with them rapidly across diverse data sets. Finally we show how multicore processing on CPUs and GPUs can move human/algorithm interactions closer to real-time.


Entrepreneurship has been recognized as a micro driver of innovation and economic growth. What is meant by entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth is often not clear. This paper discusses the nature of entrepreneurship and its relation to innovation and provides an overview of theory on the relation between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth. The paper continues with a study on rural entrepreneurship in Papua New Guinea (PNG) with conceptual, theoretical investigations. PNG is a resource rich nation but failed to develop to its full potential, as well as produce the entrepreneurial class which is usually a necessary prerequisite for economic growth? An attempt is made to explain the mystery behind the backwardness. It outlines the development of PNG in recent years by examining some of the major challenges for the entrepreneurship development. The paper also discusses some of the future prospects for increasing entrepreneurial activities in the country and provides some implications for policy development.


This study aimed to analyze the causal model of career education program participation, satisfaction, and career goal setting mediated by work values in higher education. Also, this study analyzed the differences between departments. In this study, data from the 2018 Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS), the most recent data, was used. The Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey is the largest short-term panel survey of a representative sample of Korean Graduates. The GOMS is conducted annually and has its results compiled each year. Structural equation modeling and multiple SEM were used for this study. The results were as follows. First, career education program participation had a statistically significant positive effect on extrinsic and intrinsic work values and career goal setting. Second, career education program satisfaction had a statistically significant positive effect on intrinsic work values and career goal setting, except for extrinsic work value. In addition, only the intrinsic work values positively affected career goal setting. Third, the career education program satisfaction impacted intrinsic work values, and the intrinsic work value impact on career goal setting was the difference between department and majors. In conclusion, this study proposed the provision of career education programs considering the difference between departments and majors in higher education.


Those who study the concept of representation are undoubt- edly familiar with the 1963 study by Warren Miller and Donald Stokes ("Constituency Influence in Congress," Amer- ican Political Science Review 57 [March 1963]: 4556), which had a profound effect on scholars' understanding of the relationship or "congruence" between representatives and constituents. Others (see Sidney Verba and Norman H. Nie, Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality, 1972; Heinz Eulau and Paul D. Karps, "The Puzzle of Representation: Specifying Components of Responsive- ness," in Heinz Eulau and John C. Wahlk, eds., The Politics of Representation, 1978) have made their own distinguished contributions by venturing to conceptualize and measure representation in an effort to further our understanding of the relationship between the representative and the repre- sented. In the same mode, this collection of articles contrib- utes to the study of the mass-elite relationship by providing a variety of approaches, methods, and measures to broaden the literature.


The work consisted of evaluating the vegetative development and production of the
tobacco crop (Nicotiana tabacum Linnaeus.) Under different levels of chemical
fertilization. The investigation was carried out at the Hacienda "Fincazam", located at km 13 of the Quevedo - Valencia road, Ana Maria de Abajo site, Los Rios province and lasted three months from July to October 2017. a pre-established tobacco plantation, a completely randomized design was used with four treatments T1-> (N-> 100kg); (P-> 14kg); (K-> 190kg); (Ca-> 40kg); (Mg-25kg); (S-> 15kg) / ha T2-> (N-> 120kg); (P-> 13kg); (K->
150kg); (Ca-> 30kg); (Mg-> 20kg); (S-> 10kg) / ha; T3-> (N-> 133kg); (P-> 26kg); (K->
175kg); (Ca-> 60kg); (Mg-> 30kg); (S-> 20kg) / ha and T4-> (N-> 200kg); (P-> 39kg);
(K-> 200kg); (Ca-> 80kg); (Mg-> 40kg); (S-> 30kg) / ha with six repetitions. The
variables were recorded from 7 to 56 days after transplantation and were plant height (cm),
stem diameter (cm), number of leaves, weight of biomass in dry leaves (kg), total yield of
dry leaves ( kg / ha) and benefit - cost ratio in the cultivation of tobacco (Nicotiana
tabacum Linnaeus). The results referring to the variables studied, it is observed that there
were significant differences for treatments with a probability (p> = 0.05), with respect to
the analysis of variance by applying different levels of fertilization, it was found that the
coefficients of variation were similar to each other The fertilization levels of treatment two,
showed a positive response regarding the agronomic variables of the tobacco crop,
presenting a higher plant height, stem diameter, higher dry leaf yield since it was the most
economical and viable to the rest of the tested levels, which satisfies the production and yield of tobacco cultivation, thus generating more economic income for the tobacco
producer.


Chemical composition of eight mineral waters without specific components was modelled and computed by means of the program of minimization of energy of Gibbs GEMS-Selector V3.2 (http://GEMs - Selector v3.2.web.psi.ch/). As a result it is got for different waters from 61 to 94 chemical components of composition. Most components are in subzero concentrations in mineral waters. Paid attention to similarity of these concentrations and concentrations of homoeopathic medications. Among the components of chemical composition of mineral waters analogies are found with homoeopathic preparations. The thermodynamics analysis of homoeopathic preparation Natrium muriaticum is done. It is marked that admixtures in raw material for homoeopathic preparations are similar to the microcomponents in mineral waters. Concluded that the role of microcomponents in mineral waters of category «without specific components» is underestimated. Drawn conclusion that the results of new (2013-2015) researches of anomalous physical and chemical properties of strongly dilute solutions have direct analogies with the processes of preparation of homoeopathic medications and processes of forming of mineral waters.


AbshfThe influence of charge trapping on the temperature dependence of leakage through thick SiOz/Z~02 stacks is investigated. Charge trapping measurements BS well as DC and pulsed IV measurements are used, showing that an apparent stmng temperature dependence of the leakage cmmnt can be explained by tunneling wherein temperature dependent trapped charge alters the effective barrier and therefore strongly influences the tunneling current. A weak temperature dependence of the current Ulmugh these stacks is obtained with pulsed memUremenlS.


Li 4+x Ti 4 O 12 and Li 1-y Mn 2 O 4 materials have been respectively prepared by a chemical lithiation of Li 4 Ti 4 O 12 in the presence of an excess of butylithium (LiC 4 H 9 ) in hexane solution and chemical delithiation of LiMn 2 O 4 spinel using NO 2 BF 4 oxidizer in an acetonitrile medium. The thermal gravimetric results show that Li 1-y Mn 2 O 4 releases oxygen starting from 200°C with an overall oxygen loss of 6 wt% at 500 °C, whereas Li 4+x Ti 4 O 12 gains oxygen starting from 200 °C with an overall oxygen gain of 4 wt % at 500 °C. The reactivity of the Li 4+x Ti 4 O 12 and Li 1-y Mn 2 O 4 powders in the presence of electrolytes was investigated by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) between room temperature and 375°C, and compared to a lithiated graphite in the case of the Li 4+x Ti 4 O 12 negative electrode material.


The phenomenon of colored shadows were first published by Goethe in 1810. These colored shadows can be displayed stereoscopically through a pair of colored glasses. Furthermore, the stereoscopic shadow images can also be used to perform optical measurements. We present the principles of the measurements, particularly for measuring the threedimensional position of an object. The limits of the measurement method, in terms of its sensitivity, resolution, and sources of errors, are described. When the size of the measured object becomes comparable with the light wavelength, and when the light intensity becomes smaller and the photon nature of the light needs to be taken into account, the geometrical analysis of the measurement method needs to be replaced first with the wave analysis and then with the photon analysis. Our measurement of position can be extended into measurements of displacement, velocity, acceleration, shape, and orientation.


The objective of the work was to prepare flours from tilapia carcasses, adding flavors, in addition to evaluating them in terms of their physical-chemical and microbiological aspects. The carcasses were prepared for washing the flours, washed, cooked, pressed, ground and dehydrated. Salty and sweet flours were produced from standard tilapia flour, totaling three treatments. The standard flour had the highest protein and mineral content, 55.39 and 28.12% respectively. Whereas, the salted tilapia flour had the highest total lipid content, 7.47%, in addition to a higher percentage of omega-3 fatty acids in the 1.14% lipid fraction. The pH of the standard tilapia flour was close to 7.06, but there was no microbiological contamination of 1 Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, email@example.com 2 Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, firstname.lastname@example.com 3 Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, email@example.com 4 Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, firstname.lastname@example.com 5 Professora, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, email@example.com the product, with all the flours suitable for consumption. It is concluded that the standard tilapia flour is the most suitable for inclusion in food products, where the objective is to increase the protein and mineral content, however, analyzing the lipid fraction, the tilapia salted flour is the most indicated.


The utility model discloses an RFID sensing tag system for monitoring the storage device state. The system comprises an RFID sensing tag, a sensing tag receiver, and a computer, wherein the RFID sensing tag comprises magnetic induction sensors, a radio frequency chip, a micro control unit, and a power supply; the radio frequency chip is used for sending and/or receiving wireless signals; the power supply is used for supplying power to a circuit; the magnetic induction sensors, the radio frequency chip, and the power supply are respectively connected with the micro control unit; and an opening position, corresponding to the magnetic induction sensor, on a storage device is coated with magnetic materials, or a magnet is embedded in the opening position. By the aid of the system, the real-time monitoring of the storage state of the storage device can be achieved, and the magnetic induction sensors are used for detecting the state of the storage device, so that the RFID sensing tag of the system can be used repeatedly, the system is very environment-friendly, and the real-time monitoring can be achieved easily. The system is little in usage limit, very wide in application range, and applicable to various storage environments and various storage devices.


The present invention relates to an isometric exercise device and for the isometric exercise equipment storage rack. The isometric exercise device comprising a frame having a base and bind to the side wall of the base. Said base having a platform for supporting the exercise of the user's body. Also it provides the control arm assembly connected to the frame. The control arm assembly comprising: a pivotally connected to the rocker base; limiting arm, the arm is restricted may be carried by the rocker and platform positioned above the exercise, to prevent the user's body part movement, allowing the user to perform isometric exercise. There is provided an indexing assembly, the indexing assembly for the rocker arm relative to the base fixed to a predetermined angular position, said angular position selected from a predetermined set of discrete angular position. At least one member may be positioned at a predetermined fitting limitation position along the base for preventing user body movement, allowing the user to perform isometric exercise. The apparatus can be quickly modified or configured to a plurality of target joint angle so that the different muscle groups (the same or different muscle intramuscular) work to enhance isometric training.


The study examines the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on the performance of the manufacturing sub-sector
in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, changes in exchange rate and its key determinants were analyzed to
ascertain the extent to which they impact on capacity utilization in the sub-sector. Key determinants of exchange
rate behavior selected for analysis are interest rate, inflation rate and trade openness. Empirical studies related
to the subject area have basically focused on the response of aggregate output (GDP) to changes in these
economic indicators. Studies on sector-specific responses to changes in these economic indicators, particularly
in developing economies like Nigeria, have not only been dearth but have produced mixed results. Quantitative
research technique based on ex-post facto design was adopted for the study. Econometric method based on
vector error correction mechanism was adopted in estimating the parameters of the model. Model estimates
show that, in the long-run, all the exogenous variables (exchange rate, interest rate, inflation rate and trade
openness) have significant positive impact on manufacturing capacity utilization. The study also shows
significant positive effect of exchange rate and trade openness on manufacturing capacity utilization in the
short-run. Inflation and interest rates were observed to exert non-significant impact on manufacturing capacity
utilization during the period covered by the study. Diversification of the economy away from oil is strongly
recommended in order to achieve enhanced foreign exchange inflow necessary for rapid development of
domestic manufacturing


Significance The neuron–glial lineage segregation of NC progenitors forming the DRG is essential for peripheral nervous system development. However, hierarchical transcriptional control does not explain how this lineage bifurcation occurs. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that a glial lineage specifier, Sox10, inhibits neurogenesis via a degradation mechanism. A ubiquitin-ligase, Fbxo9, acting downstream of Sox10 destabilizes the proneural Neurog2 protein, leading to the loss of neurogenic capacity in NC progenitors while leaving their glial potential intact. Functional inhibition of Fbxo9 and possibly other members of the F-box family lead to prolonged expression of Neurog2 protein that causes both the expansion of NC progenitors and precocious neuronal differentiation. Our results unravel a previously unrecognized mechanism in neuron–glial cell fate decision. The transcription factor Sox10 is a key regulator in the fate determination of a subpopulation of multipotent trunk neural crest (NC) progenitors toward glial cells instead of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). However, the mechanism by which Sox10 regulates glial cell fate commitment during lineage segregation remains poorly understood. In our study, we showed that the neurogenic determinant Neurogenin 2 (Neurog2) exhibited transient overlapping expression with Sox10 in avian trunk NC progenitors, which progressively underwent lineage segregation during migration toward the forming DRG. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that the temporary expression of Neurog2 was due to Sox10 regulation of its protein stability. Transcriptional profiling identified Sox10-regulated F-box only protein (Fbxo9), which is an SCF (Skp1-Cul-F-box)-type ubiquitin ligase for Neurog2. Consistently, overexpression of Fbxo9 in NC progenitors down-regulated Neurog2 protein expression through ubiquitination and promoted the glial lineage at the expense of neuronal differentiation, whereas Fbxo9 knockdown resulted in the opposite phenomenon. Mechanistically, we found that Fbxo9 interacted with Neurog2 to promote its destabilization through the F-box motif. Finally, epistasis analysis further demonstrated that Fbxo9 and probably other F-box members mediated the role of Sox10 in destabilizing Neurog2 protein and directing the lineage of NC progenitors toward glial cells rather than sensory neurons. Altogether, these findings unravel a Sox10–Fbxo9 regulatory axis in promoting the glial fate of NC progenitors through Neurog2 destabilization.


: Based on the path planning and obstacle avoidance problems of mobile robots in dynamic environments, a planning algorithm combining global path planning and local path planning is proposed. Firstly, four different path planning algorithms for robots in static environments are compared. On the basis of the A_star algorithm, an improved A_Star algorithm is proposed. The search direction is reduced from eight to five to improve the search efficiency; a path smoothing optimization algorithm is designed to improve the smoothness of the path; and the adaptive function is optimized to speed up the convergence speed of the algorithm. Secondly, the path planning problem of robots in unknown dynamic environments is studied, and an optimization algorithm combining the improved A_Star algorithm with the rolling window algorithm is proposed. The algorithm can plan a global optimal path and obtain map information through the scrolling window of Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) to calculate a suitable obstacle avoidance strategy in real time for the obstacles that appear, so as to plan the optimal path after avoiding the obstacles. Finally, the simulation platform is used to verify whether the fusion algorithm has better path planning performance through comparative experiments in a randomly changing environment.


Through survey and mathematical analysis, the author explores the college students' interests and motives of participation in sports club activities. The study shows that most students are interested in sports club activities, for they can adjust their minds and entertain themselves. But in the meantime, the lack of the court equipment and the heavy burden in study hinder the college students from taking part in the activities.


Dendritic wedges with a substitution pattern that forces the growth inwards are introduced and the use of this new building strategy is exemplified in the synthesis and chiroptical properties of a chiral dendrimer.


Australia's election result, giving the Coalition control of both houses, brings the probability of intensifying anti-union and anti-collective industrial legislation. New Zealand has been through something like that in the 90s, under the Employment Contracts Act 1991 (ECA) which was like having universally mandated Australian Workplace Agreements. Compulsory unionism and 'closed shops' were outlawed, national pay awards were ended and agreements and awards became 'contracts'. It became illegal to strike for multi-employer collective employment contracts. Enterprise-based collective contracts were generally the best that could be achieved without cooperative employers. The expiry of a collective contract put all its members on to individual contracts, and the concept of a union was wiped from the legislation. We were 'bargaining agents' along with lawyers, consultants, and anyone else who decided they'd have a go.


This paper presents a framework for identification of parameters of a robotic system with series elastic actuation. A model of the series elastic actuation is presented and a method for identification of the model parameters is proposed based on a regressor form of the system model. An algorithm is contributed for automatic derivation of the regressor form from the system equations of motion. The suggested framework is validated in experiments on a humanoid robot equipped with series elastic actuated joints.


Genetic influences and genotype-environment interactions were studied in two behaviour-genetic experiments dealing with early visual preferences and perceptual imprinting in quail chicks (C. coturnix japonica). The following interrelated areas were examined : (a) genetic sources of individual variations in unconditional preferences between stimuli in visually naive subjects; (b) interaction between genetically influenced preference values and imprinting effects of stimuli; and (c) genetic sources of individual variations in the outcome of perceptual imprinting to particular stimuli. Data relating to points a and b were collected in experiments with subjects that were genetically selected for unconditional colour choices. These experiments indicated that substantial portions of individual variations in the quail's unconditional colour preferences are genetic in origin, and revealed additive interaction between unconditional and acquired colour preferences. Data in point c were collected from subjects that were genetically selected for the imprinting effects of the same coloured stimuli used in the experiments under points a and b. This experiment indicated genetic influences in the variations of perceptual imprinting. Comparing hybrid data from the two selection experiments identified two apparently independent areas of genetic influences in the outcome of perceptual imprinting: These were (1) gene effects in stimulus specific, additive interactions between unconditional and imprinted response tendencies; and (2) gene effects in stimulus general processes of learning in perceptual imprinting.


The fatigue fracture of a Ni-base superalloy, IN738LC, coated with so-called MCrAlY alloys by low pressure plasma spraying was studied at 400°C and 800°C in vacuum condition. Most of the protective coatings exhibited the fatigue strength comparable to that of IN738LC substrate, when fatigue fracture was controlled by the propagation of fatigue cracks which initiated from the casting defects in the superalloy substrate. However, when the fatigue crack initiation occurred from the coated layer, the fatigue strength was significantly reduced depending on the MCrAlY alloy systems, compared with that of the substrate alloy. The fatigue crack propagation process was also elaborately investigated at 400°C by employing the special equipment with a cyclic loading stage which fits within a scanning eiectron microscope. Special focus was paid on the fatigue crack growth behavior in the coated layer, as well as near the interface. The fatigue threshold level significantly depended on the MCrAlY alloy systems used. The fatigue crack grew in a very complicated manner near the interface in all of the protective coatings. Based on the measurements of the residual stress and the mechanical properties of the MCrAlY bulk coating alloys, the factors relevant to the specific feature of the crack propagation in protective coatings were discussed from the viewpoint of fracture mechanics.


BRENNER TUMORS, mucinous cystadenomas, mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, serous cystadenofibromas, mucinous cystadenofibromas, and Krukenberg tumors are not usually regarded as endocrine-active tumors. However, each of these neoplasms has occasionally been reported to produce clinical signs of feminization and end organ changes such as endometrial hyperplasia. There is substantial evidence • • that the stroma of such tumors is morphologically and functionally similar to the cortical stroma of a normal ovary. Frequently, many of these cells are fat-laden and resemble luteinized theca or stromal cells. Oxidative enzyme activity, required for the synthesis and metabolism of steroids, has been demonstrated within stromal cells by histochemical technics. Scully and Cohen, Mattingly and Huang, and Blaustein et al. concur that the ovarian cortical stroma is a highly specialized enzymatically active group of cells capable of endocrine secretion. The case of an elderly postmenopausal patient displaying clinical signs and histologic findings compatible with steroidogenesis by enzymatically active stromal cells in an ovary with a Brenner tumor is presented.


The E-mail system, while gaining much popularity in the past few years, is now facing increasing threat as far as security is concerned. Reviewing the real network environment of campus, this paper discusses a prevention solution of PGP encryption with mail gateway after analyzing some common potential security risks which may threaten the transmission course of mails. Empirical study shows that this solution works well in promoting the security coefficient in the course of mail transmitting.


Twenty-one elements in hair were analyzed from 1, 008 Japanese men and 891 women who were living in the Tokyo area and considered healthy. Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry was used for Hg, and the ICAP method for Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Mo, Mn, Zn, Cr, Se, Li, Ni, Co, V, Pb, Cd, Al and As. The results are as follows.(1) Goodness-of-fit tests conducted for each element indicated no true normal or log-normal distributions at the 0.1% significant level for any element. However, P and Zn were similar to normal distributions, and Ca, Mg, Na, K and Mn to log-normal distributions.(2) The relationship between each element and age was examined. No element required reference values on the basis of age. However, eight elements, P, Na, K and Hg (higher in men), and Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn (higher in women) showed sex differences for both parametric and nonparametric tests.(3) By investigating correlations and partial correlations and performing factor analyses, patterns in certain elements and differences between these patterns were found among men and women. The combinations of Ca-Mg (r: _??_ 0.674, _??_ 0.750) and Na-K (r: _??_ 0.586, _??_ 0.616) showed high correlations in both men and women. In such pairs, the ratio between the two seems to be important in determining the amount of each.(4) On the basis of the above, trace element reference values, appropriate as screening levels, could be based by the Herrera's percentile method. These values may also be useful as basic levels in specifying the presence of disease and to provide data for interracial or intercultural comparisons.


This paper exhibits some new examples of the behavior of the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of homogeneous ideals in polynomial rings. More precisely, we present new examples of homogenous ideals with large regularity compared to the generating degree. Then we consider the regularity jumps of ideals. In particular we provide an infinite family of ideals having regularity jumps at a certain power.


This is an up-to-date survey of the p-mechanical construction (see funct-an/9405002, quant-ph/9610016, math-ph/0007030, quant-ph/0212101, quant-ph/0303142), which is a consistent physical theory suitable for a simultaneous description of classical and quantum mechanics. Observables in p-mechanics are defined to be convolution operators on the Heisenberg group H^n. Under irreducible representations of H^n the p-observables generate corresponding observables in classical and quantum mechanics. p-States are defined as positive linear functionals on p-observables. It is shown that both states and observables can be realised as certain sets of functions/distributions on the Heisenberg group. The dynamical equations for both p-observables and p-states are provided. The construction is illustrated by the forced and unforced harmonic oscillators. Connections with the contextual interpretation of quantum mechanics are discussed. Keywords: Classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, Moyal brackets, Poisson brackets, commutator, Heisenberg group, orbit method, deformation quantisation, symplectic group, representation theory, metaplectic representation, Berezin quantisation, Weyl quantisation, Segal--Bargmann--Fock space, coherent states, wavelet transform, Liouville equation, contextual interpretation, interaction picture, forced harmonic oscillator.


Several Halo CMEs hit the Earth in the second half of July 2004. They were produced by the very large complex active region NOAA 652 (Yousef et al. 2005). For CME details consult the web (ftp://lasco6.nascom.nasa.gov/pub/lasco/status/LASCO_CME_List_004). We focus on the 26$^{th}$ -27$^{th}$ of July CME hit. This CME was associated with the long-duration M1 flare at 25/15:14. It made a very fast Sun to Earth transit-just over 31 hours (SGAS 27 July 2004). A greater than 10 MeV proton event began at 25/18:55. Solar wind speed remained elevated from 500 to over 700 km/s. A Severe Geomagnetic storm was observed and the aurora was seen as far as California. A strong shock impacted the ACE spacecraft at 26/22:28. A sudden impulse (SI) of 96 nT was observed on the Boulder magnetometer at 22:51. The IMF Bz component was turned negative (−18 nT). Generally speaking, according to de Pater and Lissauer (2001), since a strong CME disturbance in the solar wind is usually preceded by an interplanetary shock followed by an enhanced density and velocity, the field strength first increases when the disturbance hits the magnetosphere, inducing an increase in the ring current. Several hours(up to over 25 hrs) the field strength Dst decreases dramatically during the storm main phase which typically lasts for a day The main phase is caused by an increase in the ring current, resulting from an enhanced particle flow towards the Earth. It is well known that geomagnetic storms tend to occur when IMF is directed southward. Magnetic reconnection occurs between the negative IMF and the magnetosphere thus opens the field lines with one end connected to the Earth (Dungey 1963). This magnetic reconnection allowed the protons and electrons to leak in. The proton and electron flux maximums occurred around the time of geomagnetic storm commencement which lasted for about 27 h (fig. 1). This is in agreement with the statement of Robinson (2003) that large numbers of energetic protons are constrained to occupy the region around the IP shock. The IMF Bz component dropped to −20 nT on 27 of July at 12:00 UT as measured by ACE satellite while Kp reached a maximum of 9 around 15:00 UT at the storm maximum as seen in fig. 2.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html


The regulation of cellular processes requires a myriad of commands, positive and negative, that must be tightly coordinated to keep all the reactions that take place under control. In particular, to make sure that no crucial event will occur at inappropriate times or out of phase. We know today that most of the signals that are used to orchestrate these reactions, the switches that must be turned on or off, rely on reversible protein tyrosine phosphorylation. This article will provide a rapid historical overview of the regulation of cellular processes by reversible protein phosphorylation, then over some more recent aspects of this field, particularly as they relate to tyrosine phosphatases. Fifty years ago, very little was known about cellular regulation and nothing at all, of course, about a possible involvement of protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in these processes. But in the mid-50s, it was shown that protein phosphorylation could serve as a means to regulate the activity of glycogen phosphorylase, discovered by Parnas in Poland and Carl and Gerty Cori in the US in the mid-30s (for review, see [1]). The muscle enzyme was thought to have an absolute requirement for adenylic acid for activity until, in 1943, Arda Green in Cori's lab crystallized it in a form that was active without added AMP. They called this form phosphorylase a, and very logically, assumed that it contained covalently-bound AMP. They further thought that it had to be the native form of the enzyme because, when left standing in crude extracts, it was rapidly converted to the earlier species which they called phosphorylase b. However, if that hypothesis were correct, AMP would have to be released in the reaction, but they found none. Furthermore, no AMP or adenine or ribose could be detected in the "native" enzyme, using the most sensitive microbiological assays available at that time. They knew that the enzyme existed in two forms but did not know how these two forms differed and, strangely actually dropped the problem.


Large amounts of perfect crystals were excavated from ancient coffins dating 2510 (±50) bp, in Jing'an County, Jiangxi Province, China. The coffins were wrapped by multiple bamboo mats and sealed highly by waterproof soil layers. In this study, crystals, wooden coffins, surrounding water and clay materials of several buried wooden coffins were subject to various analyses, and the crystals were identified to be vivianite by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Spatial distribution of the vivianite crystals, which was consistent with first Fick's diffusion principle, indicated that the phosphate (PO43−) of the vivianite was originated from human bone that was demineralized under an acidic clay condition. Spatial distributions of iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) and iron(II) oxide (FeO) indicated that iron(II) cations (Fe2+) of the vivianite originated from clay outside the coffins. Perfect vivianite crystals were formed at an extremely slow rate within the highly sealed coffins, in which Fe2+ and PO43− concentrations were of such a low level that the rapid precipitation of imperfect vivianite crystals was prevented, as the clay colloid could infiltrate only along the limited passageways of jointed seams between two halved timbers of the coffins.


A procedure for the coprecipitation of lead in the presence of high concentrations of iron, originally described as a batch process, was modified and adapted to on-line preconcentration using a flow injection system for flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Lead was coprecipitated quantitatively with the iron(II)–hexahydroazepinium hexahydroazepin-1-ylformate (hexamethyleneammonium hexamethylenedithiocarbamate) complex and collected in a knotted reactor made of Microline tubing (150 cm × 0.5 mm i.d.) without using a filter. The precipitate was dissolved in isobutyl methyl ketone and introduced directly into the nebulizer–burner system of an atomic absorption spectrometer. An enrichment factor of 20 and an enhancement factor of 66 were obtained for a coprecipitation time of 30 s, resulting in a sampling frequency of 90 h–1. A detection limit (3σ) of 2 µg l–1 in the sample solution was obtained and the precision at the 200 µg l–1 level was 2.7% relative standard deviation (n= 12). Up to 250 mg l–1 of iron in the sample solution could be tolerated without causing any significant decrease in the lead signal. The results obtained for the determination of lead in reference materials (blood and bovine liver) demonstrate the applicability of the procedure to the analysis of biological materials.


An evaluation method based on matter-element analysis theory was purposed in this paper, because of the method to evaluate the engine wear state monitoring based on oil spectrum analysis presently had the shortage such as too many human factors and uncertainty weight calculations. According to the various indicators of the comprehensive evaluation during engine wear state monitoring and the associate degree calculated, the precise monitoring of engine wear state can be realized. The example has showed that the method purposed in this paper is scientific and reliable, and it had further researching and applying value in the area of engine wear state monitoring based on oil spectrum analysis


Abstract To enhance the thermal durability and at the same time to achieve the sustainability in this paper, a novel approach of using fly ash based geopolymer mortar had been introduced to protect the steel wire mesh layer present in the ferrocement panels. Parametric study was done to study the influence of role of wire mesh, volume fraction from 0.8% to 1.96%, changes in temperature of heating and the application of geopolymer mortar on the ferrocement to analyse their effect on the post fire mechanical properties such as load-deflection behaviour, stress–strain behaviour, percentage of strength retained, moment of resistance and Young's modulus. Although the cement mortar showed higher retained strength upto 600 °C, the geopolymer had the maximum retained strength after 900 °C due to the gradual improvement of geopolymerisation process. The retained strength ranged between 46.3–99.1% and 34.91–88.78% for the ferrocement panels with geopolymer and cement mortar respectively. Ferrocement panel with geopolymer mortar showed 12.9% improvement in the post fire flexural strength at 900 °C for the volume fraction of 1.8% as the geopolymer mortar possessed double the times enhanced retained compressive strength of cement mortar after fire exposure.


The 1990 season of excavation at Tel Gezer, Israel yielded for the first time evidence for an earthquake during the middle of the eighth century B.C. This new evidence is described and correlated with other archaeological sites in Israel of the same time period as well as larger geological contexts of past and present seismic activity in that region. This correlation provides prime new data about the potential timing of the earthquake, its extent, and significance. Literary support for a major earthquake is also investigated which indicates an earthquake during this general time period. A textual study of pertinent passages from the Hebrew Bible and chronological data from biblical and extrabiblical sources are brought into relation with the archaeoseismic evidence. These archaeological, geological, and literary evidences are correlates for a suggested earthquake paradigm.


Weak ICs that are functional under normal operating conditions are not easily screened out during CP/FT stages. In this paper, different test screening and reliability assessment techniques were applied on a batch of wafers with normal to highly resistive vias interconnects. The results and effectiveness of these techniques to screen and flag out problematic dies at wafer level testing were presented. . In additional, a fast wafer level interconnect wear-out test (via electromigration test) and a package level burn-in test were also performed to complete the evaluation.


We demonstrate here that monohalogenated acetates (MFA , monofluoroacetate; M CA, monochloroacetate; MBA, monobromoacetate) are unique probes of the electron acceptor side of the photosystem II (PS II) reaction center: (1) they differentially inhibit the reoxidation of the reduced primary plastoquinone electron acceptor, QA-, by the secondary plastoquinone electron acceptor QB, and increase the equilibrium [QA-] in the order: MBA ≳ M CA > MFA; and (2) M CA and MBA rephase the PS II electron acceptor side, a rather unusual effect. This results in flash number dependence of [QA-] with maxima at even flashes to change to odd flashes. Furthermore, we demonstrate a correlation between the inhibitory activity of the halogenated acetates with their hydrophobicity (i.e., partition coefficient).


The paper examines the labour-market position of persons with the higher-education diploma in Hungary. First, using simple labour-market indicators and international-comparison data, we find that persons with the higher-education diploma in Hungary are in a relatively good position in terms of both wage premium and unemployment. Second, analysing the occupation/education matching of workers having higher education diploma, we conclude that matching becomes better over time, and this is mainly due to a re-classification (upgrading) effect, that is, that more and more occupations are considered by the employers as occupations requiring higher-education diploma.


The advent of variable renewable energy has created an urgent need for demand-based generation and storage. At present, with batteries still awaiting a major technological breakthrough, hydropower combined with pumped storage is suggested as a key response to demand variability. Even overlooking the technical demands, developing this potential resource in a sustainable way presents formidable challenges. While sustainability is a concern, the vulnerability of the resource to changing climatic conditions poses a major threat. The present study proposes five modelling approaches (and/or frameworks) as a foundation to a systems approach to hydropower and shows how these tools address the key challenges. Overall, the research addresses the current demand for dispatchable generation particularly in Ontario and proposes several alternatives including their sustainability assessment. Of the five models, the first two explore a variety of remuneration structures for pumped storage in the context of Ontario. The work begins with an optimization approach that evaluates the wholesale market for optimal profit. The tradeoff between hydropower and ecological targets is explored using a Constraint Method. The results are compared with models based on contracted


We present a new measurement of the ratio h/m<inf>Rb</inf> between the Planck constant and the mass of 87Rb atom. A new value of the fine structure constant is deduced, α−1 = 137.035 999037 (91) with a relative uncertainty of 6.6 × 10−10. Using this determination, we obtain a theoretical value of the electron anomaly a<inf>e</inf> = 0.001 159 652 181 13(84) which is in agreement with the experimental measurement of Gabrielse (a<inf>e</inf> = 0.001 159 652 180 73(28)). The comparison of these values provides the most stringent test of the QED. Moreover, the precision is large enough to verify for the first time the muonic and hadronic contributions to this anomaly.


This volume shows how social work departments might develop organizationally to provide a better service to clients and a setting which enhances the work of the practitioners.


We report here the structure of 3-(4-fluoroanilino)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one, (I) (Fig. 1 and Table 1), and briefly compare this with the structure of the chloro analogue, (II), which has been reported recently (Büyükgüngör & Odabaşoğlu, 2006). Compound (I) was prepared in a similar manner to compound (II), by reaction of phthalaldehydic acid and 4-fluoroaniline as starting materials. The dihedral angle between the p-fluorophenyl ring and the mean plane of the phthalide group is 74.10 (9) ; the analogous angle in (II) is 75.60 (15) .


The drop size distribution is of importance in the prediction of rain effects on millimetre-wave propagation, which include attenuation and lateral scattering. In the Letter the authors derive an average drop size distribution which accurately describes the attenuation effects in this frequency range.


This work offers a necessary and sufficient condition for a stationary and ergodic process to be lp-compressible in the sense proposed by Amini, Unser and Marvasti ["Compressibility of deterministic and random infinity sequences," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 5193-5201, 2011, Def. 6]. The condition reduces to check that the p-moment of the invariant distribution of the process is well defined, which contextualizes and extends the result presented by Gribonval, Cevher and Davies in ["Compressible distributions for high-dimensional statistics," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 5016-5034, 2012, Prop. 1]. Furthermore, for the scenario of non-ℓp-compressible ergodic sequences, we provide a closed-form expression for the best k-term relative approximation error (in the ℓp-norm sense) when only a fraction (rate) of the most significant sequence coefficients are kept as the sequence-length tends to infinity. We analyze basic properties of this rate-approximation error curve, which is again a function of the invariant measure of the process. Revisiting the case of i.i.d. sequences, we completely identify the family of lp-compressible processes, which reduces to look at a polynomial order decay (heavy-tail) property of the distribution.


The golf course landscape is one form of sports area that can be a buffer zone between urban and rural areas. The golf course landscape functions as an area to absorb CO2 in the atmosphere, a windbreaker as well as a habitat for birds. The purpose of this research is to produce an ecologically based golf course landscape plan and design. The planning process includes site inventory surveys, site data analysis, design concept creation, golf course design development, and design development. Stages of site analysis using descriptive methods on the biophysical and physical components of the site. Meanwhile, the data analysis used the stored carbon analysis method is a allometric equation. The results show that in planning the golf course landscape, the landscape is divided into three spaces, namely the game area, maintenance area and service area. Then, landscape planning also determines the proposed contour, proposed drainage, and vegetation selection. The results of the planning are used to design the landscape, where the planting design is determined based on the composition of the vegetation that produces the highest stored carbon, which consists of grass, herbs, shrubs and trees. Then, the selection of vegetation that can bring birds and vegetation that can break the wind. The forms of planning and designing the golf course landscape are in the form of proposed contour drawings, proposed drainage, spatial concepts and three-dimensional visualization of the golf course landscape.


Optimization problems with mixed continuous and discrete costs are notoriously difficult. In either extreme case, suitable structures such as convexity and submodularity guarantee that the problems can be solved exactly and efficiently. Recent results showed that the same structures can be used in the mixed case, provided certain sufficient conditions are met.In this work, we address a class of these mixed problems that do not satisfy the established conditions and propose a method to lift the problems to higher-dimensional ones satisfying the conditions. We then prove that this new, lifted problem's solution directly gives a certifiably optimal or near-optimal solution to the original problem. For proof-of-concept, we verify our lifting approach with an example from retail price optimization with logistical start-up costs, comparing favorably against the current state-of-the art.


The analysis of the existing two main directions in the world improve the efficiency of the company. It is shown that the first direction that moves most of the western producers and which requires a significant investment, is a complete or partial reorganization and modernization of production. The second direction, which is used in most Eastern organizations, is to construct the enterprise based on the experience of the production system TOYOTA.


A mapping method that makes the interactive activation and competition network perform the relaxation process is proposed. By this method, the neural network technology can be easily adapted to solve the many problems which have already been solved by the relaxation process. Experimental results of solving a modified version of the n-queens problem on the proposed neural network are given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.<<ETX>>


In English, the concept of modality has been the subject of studies crucial to the understanding and functioning of the language. Modality and the Japanese Language is innovative as an English-language text that examines a wide range of grammatical categories in terms of both modal and propositional content - namely, modal auxiliaries, aspectual categories, and conditionals - and reveals a new approach to Japanese modality that relies more centrally on concepts developed in studies of English modality. Johnson finds many practical and theoretical similarities between English and Japanese modal auxiliaries and argues that modality can be thought of as an expression of the degree of a speaker's conviction concerning a proposition's truth or realization in the form of possible/non-actual words. Such a definition provides practical and applicable perspective to the study of Japanese modality: propositions, for example, become objects of that study in the form of conditional sentences and aspectual categories.


In this paper, the overview of ZigBee technology is firstly introduced. Futhermore, in order to evaluate the feasibility of voice communication over ZigBee network, this paper takes ZigBee as a wireless communication technology to investigate wireless voice communication. The results show that the voice communication based on ZigBee technology turn out to be effective.


With cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) as template,cadmium acetate and thioacetamide(TAA) as reaction precursor,the cadmium sulfide(CdS) nanocrystals were prepared by microemulsion method.The structure and surface morphology of the CdS nanocrystals with average diameter of 15—25nm were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and was six party fine zinc mine lattice structure.The nanocrystals had the absorption peak at the wavelength of 430nm,that had obvious quantum confinement relative to bulk materials.The results of photoluminescence(PL) showed that the CdS nanocrystals had a good emission at wavelength of 476nm.


In this article, the effects of viscous dissipation and inertial force on the velocity and temperature GLVWULEXWLRQVRIWKHPL(HGFRQYHFWLRQODPLQDU�ARZLQDYHUWLFDOFKDQQHOSDUWO\�?OOHGZLWKDVDWX� UDWHGSRURXVPHGLXPKDYHEHHQVWXGLHG��,QWKLVUHJDUG��WKH�%ULQNPDQ±)RUFKKHLPHUH(WHQGHG�'DUF\� PRGHOZDVDGRSWHGIRUWKH�AXLG�ARZLQWKHSRURXVUHJLRQ��,QDGGLWLRQ��WKUHHGLIIHUHQWYLVFRXVGLV� VLSDWLRQPRGHOVZLWKLVRAX(�LVRWKHUPDOERXQGDU\�FRQGLWLRQVZHUHDSSOLHG��7RGHWHUPLQHWKHYHORF� ity and temperature distributions for both the regions, the coupled non-linear governing equations were solved using two parameter perturbation and numerical methods. Moreover, the results of the numerical method were validated against those predicted by the perturbation method for small values of the dimensionless perturbation parameters. Furthermore, the results obtained for both regions were compared in terms of Grashof, Reynolds, Forchheimer, and Brinkman numbers. The SUHGLFWHGUHVXOWVFOHDUO\�LQGLFDWHWKDWWKHW\SHRIYLVFRXVGLVVLSDWLRQPRGHOKDVDVLJQL?FDQWHIIHFW� on the temperature and velocity distributions.


Titanium nitride films were deposited on the (100) oriented-p-type silicon substrates of RF plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositiom\n using a gaseous mixutre of TiCl, N, H and Ar. The chemincal composition, structure and the rsistivituy of the films were investigated with the deposition variables such as the flow rate ratio of N/TiCl, the deposition temperature and the RF power. The deposition rate increases with increasing the flow rate ratio of NTiCl and RF power, while the rate decreases with increasing the deposition temperature. As the flow rate ratio of N/TiCl and depostion temperature increases within proper RF pwoer, the Cl concentartion in the films decreases and the stoichiometry and crystallingiy are improved, so decreases the resistivity of the films. The films depostied under the condition of the N/TiCl ratio of 30, the RF power of 50W and the depostion temperature of 62 had the Cl content of 1.5at% and the resistivity of 56㏁cm. Also, the bottom coverage of the films was above 60% on the step with the width and depth of 0.60.6.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the experience of 9 practice sites in implementing provider-defined disease management programs for coronary heart disease patients.

STUDY DESIGN
Observational study of provider-defined practice improvement programs.

METHODS
Practices chose from a variety of interventions that included provider- and patient-based disease management tools. Data were collected at baseline, 6, and 12 months.

RESULTS
Complete baseline, 6-month, and 12-month data were available for 586 patients (58% of the 1013 patients enrolled). Compared with baseline, 6-month data showed more patients whose total cholesterol was less than 200 mg/dL (56% to 76%; P < or = .001), whose low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was less than 100 mg/dL (30% to 54%; P < or = .001), and whose high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was at least 35 mg/dL (75% to 81%; P < or = .001); who exercised rigorously for 30 minutes, 3 times a week (40% to 53%; P < or = .001); who used lipid medication (74% to 80%; P < or = .01); and who used aspirin (84% to 92%; P < or = .001). There were no significant improvements in triglyceride levels, blood pressure control, glycemic control among diabetes patients, smoking cessation, body mass index, and beta-blocker use. The 12-month results were similar to the 6-month results. Sites with a practice coordinator had the highest number of patients achieving their LDL goal (72% to 89%).

CONCLUSIONS
There may be an opportunity to improve patient care by applying disease management principles with a variety of interventions. Dedicated personnel to help coordinate disease management programs may be critical to the success of such programs.


FIELD: biotechnology, virology, medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to attenuated virus derived from modified Ankara vaccina virus. Said virus are not able for reproduction by replication in human cell lines. Also disclosed are application of virus or recombinant variants thereof as drug or vaccine, as well as method for inducing of immune response in patients with defected immunity, in patients having immunity to vaccine virus, or in patient during antiviral therapy. EFFECT: variant of Ankara vaccina virus effective in medicine and veterinary. 86 cl, 15 dwg, 1 tbl, 2 ex


This research aimed to recognize the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), Assets Growth, Current Ratio (CR), and Total Assets TurnOver (TATO) To Price To Book Value (PBV) at Food and Beverage sector was registered on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research using secondary data from company financial statement. The Population on this research are 33 companies. Sampling method used purposive sampling by taking 14 companies. This study used multiple linier regression analysis. The result showed that DER, ROA, Assets Growth, and TATO had a positive effect an PBV, while CR has no effect. Keywords: Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Growth , Price to Book Value (PBV) , Return On Assets (ROA), dan Total Assets TurnOver (TATO)


Ru-Sn-B/mordenite catalysts were prepared by sequential impregnation and chemical reduction methods and using mordenite zeolite as the carrier.The catalytic performance of Ru-Sn-B/mordenite catalysts for terephthalic acid hydrogenation to 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol was investigated.The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET,EDS and ICP.The results showed that RuB and Sn had better dispersion on the mordenite,and Ru-Sn-B/mordenite catalyst possessed high catalytic activity and selectivity.The catalytic hydrogenation process used two stage enhancement method of temperature and pressure.Terephthalic acid conversion rate of about 100%,the yield of the product 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol of 73.5%,and the ratio of trans and cis of the product of 2.42 were attained,respectively.


When being put into CDCl\-3 (slightly acidic condition), the double bond of steroid drug (LIVIAL) will rearrange 24 hours. This paper shows that the 2D NMR techniques were successfully performed to determine the structures of compound 1 and compound 2. All of the \{\}\+1H and \{\}\+\{13\}C NNR chemical shifts were assigned by 1D and 2D NMR. Their stereochemistry was discussed, too. The structures of compound 1 and compound 2 were simulated by computer molecular modeling. Their results agree with those of 2D NMR.


Supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted great attention as renewable energy storage devices due to their high power densities and cost effectiveness. In this work, a one-step method is reported to fabricate the laser scribed SC using laser reduced Polyimide (LRPI) electrodes as a substrate. An Iono-gel polymer electrolyte based on polyvinyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide and 1-Butyl-3-methyl imidazolium Bromide ([Bmim]Br) was utilized because of its wider voltage window, good ionic conductivity and better adhesion with electrode material. The assembled device exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 2.19 mFcm−2 at a maximum current density of 0.263 mAcm−2. The energy density is measured to be 1.21 μWhcm−2, which is much higher than a usual capacitor. Given these electrochemical properties, a cost-effective one-step method and scalable approach provides a strategy to fabricate lightweight, stretchable and flexible supercapacitors for future microscale energy storage devices i.e., flexible displays, electrical sensors and wearable electronics.


Background: Hand washing is the most effective method of preventing the transmission of diseases through hands. Objective: To identify relationships between gender, availability of hand washing facilities, perception of barriers toward hand washing compliance and subjective norm in implementing hand washing practice among students of public elementary school in Belitung district, Indonesia. Method: A cross-sectional research study was used in this study. Of 309 participants were recruited in 11 public elementary schools from 3 sub districts that has been implemented the hand washing program in Belitung, Indonesia. Purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. This study was used a self-administered questionnaire with minimal interference in order to minimize bias and by emphasizing to the students that this is not an examination. Results: The results showed that 71.8% of the students were not hand washing properly. It also showed that availability of hand washing facilities and gender were not related with hand washing behavior. In regards of barrier perception toward hand washing compliance also showed that was not related to hand washing practice among elementary schools students. However, subjective norm (c² =4.459, p < .05) was related to hand washing practice among elementary schools students. Conclusion: Subjective norm has a significant relationship to hand washing behavior. Thus health care provider could develop specific intervention programs based on TPB to promote subjective norm among elementary schools students since this norm or perception of norm can motivate hand washing behavior among elementary schools students effectively.


Aim  The environmental effect of Pleistocene climatic change in the Indo‐Oriental region has resulted in allopatric fragmentation and the generation of diversity in forest‐associated species. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which Pleistocene climatic change has resulted in the fragmentation and speciation of an open‐habitat‐adapted mosquito, Anopheles vagus s.l., across its range.


Who developed these guidelines? The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is a group of health experts that reviews published research and makes recommendations about preventive health care. What is the problem and what is known about it so far? Hereditary hemochromatosis is a disease in which an abnormal gene causes the body to absorb too much iron from food. Iron builds up in body organs, which can lead to serious liver damage (cirrhosis), diabetes, heart failure, arthritis, and skin discoloration. Most people do not know that they have hemochromatosis until organ damage occurs. If the condition is identified early, organ damage can be prevented or slowed by periodic removal of blood with the same procedure used during blood donation. Tests for hemochromatosis include blood tests that indicate body levels of iron (transferrin saturation and ferritin level). Another test looks for the most common gene abnormality in hemochromatosis. People disagree about whether routine medical care should include screening for hemochromatosis. Screening means looking for the disease in people who have no symptoms. Screening is different from diagnosis, which refers to testing people who have symptoms of a disease. Knowing about hereditary hemochromatosis early enough might help to prevent organ damage. However, not all people who have the genetic abnormality develop organ damage. The risks of screening include complications of further screening in those who screen positive, unnecessary blood removal, and giving people who may never get sick the label hemochromatosis. Such labeling might cause anxiety or problems with health insurance. How did the USPSTF develop this recommendation? The USPSTF reviewed published studies to decide whether there was good evidence that the benefits of screening for hemochromatosis outweigh the risks. The focus was screening for the gene associated with hereditary hemochromatosis. What did the authors find? No studies directly measured the risks and benefits of hemochromatosis screening with genetic tests. The authors found fair evidence that disease due to hereditary hemochromatosis is rare in the general population. Only a small proportion of people with the hemochromatosis gene actually develop the disease. No studies clearly identified the benefits of routinely removing blood from people without symptoms who had hemochromatosis. Screening would identify a large number of people who have the high-risk gene but may never develop illness. This could result in unnecessary tests and procedures and anxiety. What does the USPSTF suggest that patients and doctors do? The USPSTF recommends that doctors do not routinely do genetic testing to screen patients with no symptoms of hemochromatosis for the disease. What are the cautions related to this recommendation? This recommendation could change as more information becomes available about the benefits and risks of screening for hemochromatosis. This recommendation does not apply to patients who have symptoms that might be explained by hemochromatosis or to patients with family members with the disease.


Elevators have become a kind of indispensable facility for everyday life, which bring people both convenience and safety hazards. Specifically in the household environment, an elevator's lifespan is expected to be more than 20 years. An appropriate and regularly maintained counterweight is conducive to extending elevator life. This paper proposes a passenger counting approach in the elevator for regular counterweight adjustment based on commodity WiFi called ECC. Since the running time of the elevator between two adjacent floors is short, the major challenge of ECC is how to count passengers from the limited captured data. This paper first theoretically analyzes the relationship between the number of passengers and the variation of channel state information (CSI). Then ECC constructs a multi-dimensional feature by extracting the average of amplitude (AOA), time-varying spectrum (TVS), and percentage of non-zero elements (PEM) features from the limited data. Finally, the random forest (RF) classifier is used for passenger counting and the local optimization problem is solved by expanding the feature dataset through data segmentation. ECC is implemented by using off-the-shelf IEEE 802.11n devices, and its performance is evaluated via extensive experiments in typical real-world scenes. The estimated precision of ECC can reach more than 95%, and more than 97% of estimation errors are less than 2 persons, which demonstrates the superior effectiveness and generalizability of ECC.


Greenmail denotes the decision by a corporation's board of directors to repurchase its shares that are held by a corporate raider, often at a significant premium, thereby keeping the board of directors in office. It may represent a conflict of interest between the corporation's shareholders and the board of directors. While greenmail is legal, 50% of greenmail gains are subject to taxation. This Article argues that greenmail has a healthy role in a competitive market economy.


Coastal aquifers are strategic and fundamental in the development of touristic areas. The coastal aquifer within the Manglaralto River Basin in Ecuador is essential, as it is the only source of water supply for a large part of the northern part of the Santa Elena province. It is a semi-arid region where high volumes of water are pumped from the aquifer, causing a significant drawdown of groundwater levels, thus affecting the water quality. This work aims to characterize the characteristics of groundwater in the coastal aquifer using hydrochemistry and stable isotopes to propose a hydrogeological conceptual model. The methodology for determining the chemical and isotopic characteristics of groundwater follows the following scheme: (i) studies of ionic concentrations using the Piper diagram, (ii) assessment of the origin of salinity through the Cl/Br ratio, the presence of seawater intrusion through the Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram HFE-D, (iii) characterization of precipitation events using stable isotopes (18O and 2H), and, (iv) development of a hydrogeological conceptual model of the study area. The results indicate that in the basin there are mixing processes of the existing water in the aquifer with recharge water, direct cation exchange processes in the freshening process during recharge, and evaporation in the unsaturated zone. A conceptual model of the flow system in the basin is built, based on the mentioned processes. The main conclusions are: seawater intrusion is present in the areas of the wells located closest to the coast, urban activity through septic tanks is affecting the quality of the aquifer, and rainfall is highly relevant in the different hydrochemical and isotopic processes that operate in the basin.