The enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from Tenebrio Molitor with trypsin was investigated.The degree of hydrolysis(DH) and deoxidization capability were employed for the evaluations of effect or function in the hydrolysis.The single factor experiment gave the levels of the main parameters,including enzyme dosages,ratios of solid to liquid,temperatures and pHs.Based on the results from single factor experiment,the orthogonal experiment was designed and conducted.The results showed that the most factors in protein hydrolysis of Tenebrio Molitor with trypsin was pH,followed by temperature and enzyme dosage,the last factor was ratios of solid to liquid.The optimal conditions of hydrolysis were as follows: pH 8.5,temperature 46℃,enzyme dosage 1.8%,ratios of solid to liquid 1:10,hydrolysis duration 4 h,DH 13.223%.


A genetic method is proposed to optimize random neural networks composed of asynchronous thresholding neural units. Each unit belongs to one of three categories, input units, hidden units and output units, and any kinds of connections among units including feedforward, feedback and mutual connections are allowable except connections to input units. Several virtual living things whose genotype are the connections among neural units are randomly generated, and generation iteration is repeated in order to optimize them. In the generation iteration, individuals adequate to a given problem make their children and inferior ones are removed from the population. Optimized neural networks are obtained as evolved individuals. An action control problem for a computer game is treated as an application of this method.


ABSTRACT Background and Context We replicated and expanded on previous work about how well students learn dynamic programming, a difficult topic for students in algorithms class. Their study interviewed a number of students at one university in a single term. We recruited a larger sample size of students, over several terms, in both large public and private universities as well as liberal arts colleges. Objective Our aim was to investigate whether the results of the previous work generalized to other universities and also to larger groups of students. Method We interviewed students who completed the relevant portions of their algorithms class, asking them to solve problems. We observed the students' problem solving process to glean insight into how students tackle these problems. Findings We found that students generally struggle in three ways, "technique selection," "recurrence building," and "inefficient implementations." We then explored these themes and specific misconceptions qualitatively. We observed that the misconceptions found by the previous work generalized to the larger sample of students. Implications Our findings demonstrate areas in which students struggle, paving way for better algorithms education by means of identifying areas of common weakness to draw the focus of instructors.


A model is presented that characterizes security logs as a collection of norms that reflect patterns of emergent behavior. An analysis technique for detecting behavioral norms based on these logs is described and evaluated. The application of behavioral norms is considered, including its use in system security evaluation and anomaly detection.


The structure of a gas-droplet flow arising under gas outflow with liquid jet injected into it from a supersonic nozzle into vacuum is studied experimentally. Possibility of the flow structure control in order to obtain droplets of a certain size, composition, and velocity, is considered. The liquid was injected into the co-current gas flow in the prechamber of the supersonic nozzle and then flowed out into the vacuum chamber in the form of a gas-droplet jet. Using the developed technique of droplet deposition on paper substrates, the effect of the Reynolds number of the gas and the pressure in the vacuum chamber on the angular distribution of droplet phase behind the nozzle exit is investigated.


A close relationship between the conformation of choline and the structure type of zeolites crystallized using this organic species was found.


Protection anxiety is to be increased as the technology for forgery grows. Reliable personal identification and prevention of fake identities is one of the major tasks. Nowadays, Biometrics is being used extensively for the purpose of safety measures. Biometric recognition provides strong security by identifying an individual based on the feature vector(s) derived from their physiological and/or behavioral characteristics. It has been proved that the human Electrocardiogram (ECG) shows sufficiently unique patterns for biometric recognition. Individual can be identified once ECG signature is formulated. This paper presents a systematic sequential probability analysis for human identification from ECG data. This work establishes that the ECG signal is a signature like fingerprint, retinal signature for any individual Identification. Samples of individuals from the MIT/BIH database were taken. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the system is accurate and robust and achieves a good result for identification process.


Drawing on the analysis of 4330 surveys on mobile reading in seven developing countries, this study found that the discrepancy between intentions to read on mobiles and actual reading can be attributed to barriers such as problematic mobile connectivity and inadequate relevant reading material. The policy implication of this research finding is clear -- reducing barriers specific to mobile reading (m-reading) will improve programme effectiveness. This study applied the technological acceptance model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to the growing adoption of mobile reading in developing countries and partially verified key constructs of the theories. Findings suggest that the two models provide viable theoretical frameworks for future m-reading programs. This study is one of two companion papers to the 2014 UNESCO report on Reading in the Mobile Era. The other focuses on gender differences in m-reading.


DEAR MR. RHYS DAVIDS,—Several months ago, I invited my friend Professor Satis Candra Vidyabhusan, the joint editor of the Buddhist Text Society's Journal—whose essays are eulogized in the last Bulletin of M. Barth — to collect the numerous references to Buddhist sayings or tenets, scattered in the treatises of Uddyotakara, TTdayana, Vacaspatimis'ra, etc. I heard from the Pandit that, just at the same time, he had been urged by yourself to devote himself to that work. A few weeks ago, he sent me copious materials; their publication will, no doubt, prove itself a contribution of some importance to our knowledge of the great schools of the Mahayana Philosophy, and of the polemical relations between these schools and the orthodox adherents of the Darsanas. We shall first publish, in the Museon, our observations and references to the Bauddha chapter of the Sarvadarsanasamgraha, without any claim to philological or historical accuracy and exhaustion of the subject—of course! We intend to show only the practicability and usefulness of such inquiries, if trained scholars would but care for it. Nevertheless, two discoveries of Professor S. C. Vidyabhusan deserve actual notice in a more conspicuous journal. The first is the following:—The Salistambasutra quoted by Candraklrti in chap, xxvi of the Madhyamakavrtti, by Santideva in the Siksasamuccaya, also by Prajnakaramati in the Bodhisatyavataratlka as giving a complete expose of


COVID‐19 vaccination has been associated with increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. However, it is unknown whether genetic predisposition to VTE is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis following vaccination.


The method of construction PCA subspace in face rotation detection is researched.Firstly,the main PCA subspace is constructed by training face images that have 4 rotations.Then 4 subsidiary PCA subspaces are constructed by 4 kinds face rotations training images.Finally,the testing face images are classified into 4 kinds by 4 subsidiary subspaces when they are resorted into face images by the main PCA subspace.The experimental results show that the face images are better classified through the main PCA subspace than they resorted only by 4 subsidiary PCA subspaces,and the proposed method is reasonably robust in varying expression and accouterment in face.


In addition to our achievement with the borstal boys themselves, we have created effective and satisfying liaisons with all three borstals. Knowing members of staff by name has proved to be enormously advantageous and in many instances, helps us work together to the advantage of trainees. Recently at the suggestion of Hollesley Bay, we have arranged for officers presently involved with our trainees to spend a couple of days in Waltham Forest with us renewing their contacts with ex-inmates. It would perhaps shock one or two cynical probation officers to see the warmth of the welcome these officers were given by the boys. Even we


The EU-funded project entitled Media and Citizenship: Transnational Television Cultures Reshaping Political Identities in Europe provides the first empirical study of viewing of Arabic language television in Europe. These seven papers report on focus groups in seven EU capitals in which Arabic speakers discuss their citizenship in the light of their media use and their adopted national cultures.


When inquiring into the rationale behind the representations of identity and Latin American culture, it is possible to find a set of images, concepts and sit...


In a two years pot experiment with a sod-podzolic, acid sandy loam, contaminated with nickel (Ni) and treated with increased lime doses, the Ni transfer from soil to plants was studied. It was shown that lime addition significantly decreased mobile Ni concentration in soil, Ni concentration in plants and consequently its transfer factor. The sigmoidal Bolzman equation estimates the range of changes in parameters of Ca and Ni interaction. It is suggested as an estimation function for the description of related processes in the soil-plant system.


The present invention provides a method for the body hydrophobic substrates with an organic silicon compound (O), a organosilicon compound (O) is solid at 20 ° C., hydrocarbyl trihalosilane, hydrocarbyl trihydrocarbyl silane and these mixtures and 1 molar equivalent of the polyhydroxy compound silane (S) is selected from among these partial hydrolysates and (P), 0.3-1 1 mole per equivalent of halo or hydrocarbyloxy group. can be 3 molar equivalents of hydroxy groups is prepared by reacting in a ratio as present, to a method. The present invention further provides a building material mixture containing an organic silicon compound (O) and the hydrophobic substrate being.


The uncertainties in LEED intensity spectra for Ni(001) due to current measurement techniques, normalization procedures, beam deflections, and the preparation of a clean surface are investigated and discussed. Encouraging agreement is obtained between experimental spectra obtained from a clean, flat surface and theoretical spectra computed from a realistic multiple scattering model for Ni(001).


In accordance with international principles and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) use of acute pharmacological tests is necessary for a choice of tactics of medical treatment.  The article presents an analytical review and an analysis of changes in hemodynamic parameters on the background of acute tests using the drug Iloprostum (Ventavis®). It is shown that randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that inhaled iloprostum therapy (Ventavis®) has a favorable safety profile and is effective in patients with PAH. Long-term observations have proved the improvement of life expectancy (survival) of the patients, using this medication regularly. The study provides reason to believe that Iloprostum has advantages not only as a product  for a long pathogenetic therapy, but also as a vasodilator for acute pharmacological tests.


We have conducted a theoretical study to compute the electromagnetic field level inside a typical ground vehicle due to a cellular phone. In this regard, the vehicle is first modeled by an appropriate 3-dimensional wire-grid structure while the cellular phone is approximated by a dipole antenna inside the vehicle. The governing Maxwell equations are then solved using an electric field integral equation method. Simulation results are presented to examine the electromagnetic field levels inside the vehicle due to the radiating dipole antenna with various polarizations. It is shown that the cellular phone acts to excite a resonant cavity representing the metallic compartment of the vehicle.


Apparatus suitable for measurements of the thermoelectric power of wires in the temperature region from 77 to 300 K is described. An outline of the theoretical treatment of thermoelectric power is presented and typical results are given for aluminum, gold, and iron. This experiment has been used in the undergraduate advanced laboratory.


Generalizations of a collection of concepts can be computed by the least common subsumer (lcs) which is a useful inference for building knowledge bases. For general FL0-TBoxes the lcs need not exist. In this thesis, we devise a condition to check whether a concept is the lcs of two concepts w.r.t. a general FL0-TBox. We also define the characterizations for the existence of the lcs. Last, we show that if the lcs exists, then we can compute the lcs and the upper bound for the role-depth of the lcs. Declaration of Authorship I, Adrian Nuradiansyah of Technische Universität Dresden, being a candidate of Master of Science in Computational Logic, hereby declare that this thesis is my own work. Any help that I have received in my research work has been acknowledged. I certify that I have not used any auxiliary sources and literature except those cited in the thesis. Author : Adrian Nuradiansyah Matriculation Number : 4108192 Title : Algorithms for Computing Least Common Subsumers in General FL0-TBox


This work is concerned with rates of convergence of Markov chain approximation methods for controlled switching diffusions. The cost function is defined on an infinite horizon with stopping times and without discount. Displaying both continuous dynamics and discrete events, the discrete events are modeled by continuous-time Markov chains to delineate a random environment and other random factors that cannot be represented by diffusion processes. This paper presents a first attempt using a probabilistic approach to treat such rates of convergence problems. In addition, in contrast to the significant developments in the literature using partial differential equation (PDE) methods for the approximation of controlled diffusions, there do not yet appear to be any PDE results to date for rates of convergence of numerical solutions for controlled switching diffusions, to the best of our knowledge. Although some of the working conditions in this paper such as the one-dimensional continuous state variable, nondegenerate diffusions, and control only on the drift may be seemingly strong, they are adequate as the starting point for using this new approach to treat the rates of convergence problems. Moreover, in the literature, to prove the convergence using Markov chain approximation methods for control problems involving cost functions with stopping (even for uncontrolled diffusion without switching), an added assumption was used to avoid the so-called tangency problem. As a by-product of our approach, by modifying the value function, it is demonstrated that the anticipated tangency problem will not arise in the sense of convergence in probability and in the sense of $L^1$.


Based on the examples of the world's six mostprestigious publishers,this paper probes into their practice and strategies of open access,analyses the opportunity and challenge open access would bring to library,and points out corresponding countermeasure and advice.


Abstract Imaging-derived indices of brain structure and white-matter connectivity evince steep declines with adult age and are robustly linked to neurological disease and a wide range of psychopathologies. Risk for psychopathology may be related to rapid structural brain aging, but the specific patterns of relations are not well documented. Using structural and diffusion MRI data from UK Biobank, we estimated a structural connectome for each participant (N = 3155), and used empirically-driven machine-learning algorithms to identify features of the connectome most susceptible to brain aging. In an age-homogenous hold-out sample of older adults, we score participants' "connectome age" using the coefficients saved from the training sample. We examine associations between connectome age and both psychiatric symptom counts and polygenic risk scores for a range of psychiatric disease traits. This will be amongst the first and most comprehensive investigation of the extent to which psychopathology relates to signatures of structural connectome aging.


With the development of network technology, distance education is becoming increasingly important. Intelligent question answering system is an important part of remote learning system. Currently, there have been a lot of mature English question answering systems. Owing to the Chinese natural language complexity and processing technical limitations, there is still no mature Chinese QA system exploited by now. This paper designs and implements a Chinese intelligent question answering system based on domain ontology and sentence templates according to Chinese characteristics. This system packages question template , semantic template and answer model into a sentence template, adopts automatic word segmentation and sentence templates matching method to understand the users' questions, and uses domain ontology as knowledge base which provide domain vocabulary for question analysis and knowledge retrieval for answers' generation. Our system achieves to question with limited natural language, and finally returns to the user a precise and concise answer.


n the last several years, there has been an increased interest in style classification of funds and fund managers for the purposes of evaluation of past performance and forecasting future risk/return characteristics. Whereas traditional grouping has been based upon the management's investment objectives or security composition of the investment portfolio, current industry and academic approaches involve various multifactor models (Fung and Hsieh [1997]). Although descriptive "style" information is still provided, there is evidence that measuring sensitivity to various systematic risk patterns using past cross-sectional returns may result in a superior ex ante and ex post benchmarking (Schneeweis and Spurgin [ 19981). A major issue in multifactor analysis is selecting the benchmarks (factors), which can be viewed as proxies for different systematic risks to which the manager is exposed. There have been two broad approaches to the selection process. One has focused on choosing from published indices of the underlying traded assets (Schneeweis and Spurgin [ 19971). Another approach has stressed data-driven factors derived from the sample using factor or principal component analysis. Although the first approach has been particularly useful for mutual managers who are consistently long or short an underlying asset portfolio, it may be less appropriate for Commodity Trading Advisors (CTAS) because of their trading strategy flexibility and low institutional restrictions. Although it has some disadvantages, factor analysis offers a feasible alternative. This study presents a classification performed by using maximum likelihood factor analysis of a sample of several years of CTA monthly returns. The first section of the study focuses on the theoretical basis of factor analysis and analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, and suggests remedies where appropriate. The second section describes the data used in the study. The third section discusses the results of the classification analysis. The fourth section briefly shows how the derived factor scores can also be used to discover performance patterns for the CTA sample or to detect changes in trading strategy.


587 Background: The identification of efficacious neoadjuvant chemotherapy for BC is critical, especially if regimens with good activity and fewer side effects can be identified. Methods: This open-label, multicenter study of C 825 mg/m2 twice daily d1–14 plus D 75 mg/m2 every 21d for 4 cycles for HER2-neu negative (HER2-) patients (pts), and combined with trastuzumab (T) 4 mg/kg loading dose then 2 mg/kg qw for HER2-neu positive (HER2+) pts as preoperative therapy for newly diagnosed BC T2 N1 and T3 N1 (stages II and III), has enrolled 112 pts. The study aims to determine the activity of C+D±T as primary systemic neoadjuvant therapy for operable BC and to identify potential biomarkers of response. The primary endpoint is pathological complete response, with secondary endpoints including clinical response rates after 2 and 4 cycles. Ninety-nine HER2- and 38 HER2+ pts will be recruited and evaluated for gene expression patterns, p53 mutation status, and circulating tumor cells. Results: The interim analysi...


The classical Colomb energy of alkali-halide-type crystals was evaluated by using mathematically simplest models. The ratio of the Coulomb energy of a crystal to the volume of the crystal was found to depend on the shape of the crystal. The ratio was computed for a cube having (100) faces only, a parallelepiped having (110) faces only, three parallelepipeds, an octahedron, a corrected octahedron and a tetrahedron having (111) faces only. The corrected octahedron has the lowest ratio among crystals having (111) faces only, nearly equal to that of the cube.


Research to address the health burdens experienced by Indigenous populations is essential. In the Canadian context, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada determined that these health burdens are the result of policies that have undermined opportunities to address community-level health needs. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research Guidelines for Health Research Involving Aboriginal People (2007-2010), or"CIHR Guidelines," were prepared in a national consultation process involving Inuit, Metis, and First Nations communities, researchers, and institutions. This paper asserts that the principles espoused in the CIHR Guidelines hold ongoing potential to guide health research with Indigenous people in ways that promote equitable research partnerships. We encourage those in research environments to engage with the spirit and content of the CIHR Guidelines.


Germanium films, 30–300 A in thickness, evaporated onto vacuum-cleaved and air-cleaved NaCl substrates held at 25 °–500 °C in ultrahigh vacuum at various deposition rates, 0.1–20 A/sec, have been investigated by reflection electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that structure and epitaxy of films were markedly influenced by substrate surface conditions and deposition rate as well as substrate temperature. Decoration of imperfections of the substrate surface was obtained with germanium (30–100 A in thickness) deposited at relatively slow rate (0.1–2 A/sec). Amorphous to crystalline transition temperature was also influenced by deposition rate. Epitaxial orientation of films: (001)Ge//(001)NaCl and [100]Ge//[100]NaCl, was observed on vacuum-cleaved substrate at 250 °C at the slow deposition rate. Good epitaxial films could be prepared at 400 °–500 °C, although the films included microtwins with the twinning planes of {111} in part. However, films on air-cleaved substrates at...


Understanding the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on bone architecture is of great clinical importance due to its influence on skeletal health. Medical images contain valuable information for machine learning approaches to classify features relevant to alcohol use; however, the sample sizes are too small for traditional approaches. In this work, we develop a novel image feature extraction technique designed for small image datasets and apply it to analyze the effects of intrinsic (e.g., age, sex) and extrinsic (e.g., alcohol consumption patterns) factors on bone architecture. We train our models using images ascertained from microcomputed tomography on bone samples from humans and non-human primates. We achieve the best performance in both species when distinguishing bones from males and females (72% in macaque, 65.5% in human). We are able to distinguish between drinking and non-drinking individuals with an accuracy of 68% in macaques and 65% in humans, suggesting that our image processing approach is able to capture general biological features across species. Although the effects of alcohol on bone architecture are subtle, we find that they are detectable directly from imaging data.


Reading, while usually done through vision, can also be done through touch using the braille system. Research on the differences between these two modalities is needed to distinguish between modalitydependent and modality-independent processes. This has theoretical implications regarding the improvement of our understanding of reading in general, and also practical implications: it may be useful to develop tools and strategies to better teach and learn braille, an essential skill to navigate the world for those visually impaired. Here, we describe two recent papers showing both similarities and differences between these two modalities.


The paper advanced 3 indexes for the design of long life asphalt pavements: maximal tension strain at the bottom of asphalt pavement,maximal compression strain at the top of subgrade and rutting depth of asphalt pavements.Afterwards,it analyzed 5 long life asphalt pavement structures,including long life asphalt pavements with flexible base and long life asphalt pavements with semi-rigid base,and real parameters were used in the analysis.Finally,checking computations of the design indexes were done based on the results.The analysis indicated that,the location of maximum tension strain of long life asphalt pavements with semi-rigid base is near the top of asphalt pavement,but the location of maximum tension strain of long life asphalt pavements with flexible base is at the bottom of asphalt pavement;and the shear stress distribution is also different in the 2 kinds of pavements.


For many women with multiple sclerosis (MS), bearing and breastfeeding a child can be undertaken safely with the management of an informed medical provider. In the past year, the need for a North American MS pregnancy registry has come into sharper focus; reports from a multicenter randomized estriol trial have been presented, and the scope of investigations has widened beyond mothers to include fathers with MS, as well as children of parents with MS. More data are anticipated regarding the effects of breastfeeding and fertility treatments on MS course, as well as ideal levels of vitamin D during pregnancy.


PURPOSE: A semiconductor memory device and method for generating pipe-in signal of the same are provided to secure the pulse length of the pipe input signal. CONSTITUTION: The semiconductor memory device preparatory signal generating unit(710), and the delay unit(720) and pipe input signal generating unit(730). The preparatory signal generating unit outputs the back up pipe input signal as the read command is applied. The delay unit outputs delayed the back up pipe input signal to adjust the timing to output data. The pipe input signal generator generates the pipe input signals enabled for the section to the enable timing.


Purpose: This paper aims to provide a holistic insight into the performance of the Turkish air transportation network through complex network analysis. While many countries' airport network structures and performances have been widely studied, the rapidly growing Turkish airport structure still needs to be adequately analyzed. Therefore, this paper evaluates the structural properties of the Turkish domestic aviation network from 2012 to 2020 and compares it with worldwide practices.Design/methodology/approach: To evaluate the topological properties of the Turkish airport system, this study utilized five complex network metrics: average degree, diameter, average path length, clustering coefficient, modularity, and density index.Findings: The findings indicate that the Turkish domestic aviation network has a smaller diameter, lower average path length, decreasing clustering coefficient, and lower modularity compared to worldwide practices, which implies low robustness and flexibility. The pandemic has increased the unique paths, density index, and average degree, which implies more connectivity among airports, possibly due to mandatory flights.Practical implications: The analysis of complex networks can help evaluate network characteristics and understand their influence on the Turkish domestic network. The long-term evaluation of the airports' topological properties provides valuable insights into their structural resilience, operational efficiency, and potential for network optimization.Originality/value: This study is the first to analyze the topological structure of the Turkish airport system and compare it with worldwide practices. Moreover, it sheds light on the effects of the pandemic on airport network structure.


This paper is aimed at introducing our study on how to evaluate the thermal comfort of the flight cabins by using a corrected PMV(CPMV) model for analyzing the impact of the cabin pressure and the relative humidity(RH). As is known,the cabin pressure and the relative humidity should always be kept significantly lower than those in the corresponding sea level environment,and the speed of the air supply should always be maintained constant. It is just for this reason that makes it necessary to regulate the thermal comfort in the cabin to suit the needs of the air passengers in the cabin. The low cabin pressure and relative humidity may influence the heat loss of the passengers due to the skin and sweat diffusion by convection. Some terms,such as influential factors the skin wettedness,the clothing vapor resistance and the Lewis ratio are corrected in order to be used for the aircraft cabin environment in PMV model. Comparing with PMV model,we have made a conclusion from our simulated research that,in the normal control range of the cabin pressure and the relative humidity,it is only possible for lower pressure and relative humidity to create a positive deviation of the thermal sensation data by CPMV,though their influence on the thermal comfort of the passengers is limited. Therefore,the assessment results of PMV and CPMV are consistent,even if the heat sense of CPMV may be higher than the one of PMV. Besides,in proceeding with our research work,we have made an investigation on some intercontinental and continental flights and have in turn used CPMV model to assess the thermal comfort data offered by those investigated flights. The assessment results show that:(1) The response of the surveyed passengers to the thermal comfort on the intercontinental flights turns to be positive,that is,on the whole,satisfactory;(2) The thermal comfort in some of the continental flights doesn't seem to be quite satisfactory due to overheating or below the comfort level. Therefore,though the cabin environment has been controlled generally ok,there remains a certain degree of complaints from the passengers,either a bit too hot,or a bit too cool. This shows that it remains a problem to be studied further so as to provide a more comfortable cabin environment for our passengers to meet the ever-intensifying competition among the airline companies.


The present invention is effective for a multicast streaming on UPnP by defining an action, such as MulticastStart (), Join (), Leave () to enable a particular multicast service on the UPnP AV standard relates to multicast streaming service method and system the purpose as to be able to be controlled. The present invention for this purpose is a step (S101), the control point 110 for requesting to send the specified contents to invoke the 'MulticastStart ()' action to the media server 120 to the multicast address (multicast address), the media server 120. RTSP URL to connect to receive transfers the content (RTSP server address) 'MulticastStart ()' in response to the action transferred to the control point (110) (S102), and the media server 120, multicast and a step (S103) of transmitting the content using the RTP to the address, a number of the media renderer (131 wishes to control point 110 joins a multicast group (multicast group) by using the 'join ()' action - a step (S104) 136) to notify the RTSP URL, the media renderer 131 to 136 a media renderer wants to join the multicast group of using the RTSP URL connected to the RTSP server, the media server 120, and media transfer After obtaining the property and the multicast address of the data by using the information, characterized in that configured to perform the step (S105) of receiving the multicast data.


Phosphorus (P) in surface runoff from agricultural soils is a contributor to accelerated eutrophication in surface water. The sustainable management of chemical fertilizer and manure to minimize freshwater eutrophication requires identifcation of soil P levels that exceed crop P requirements and have the potential for P loss. The relationship between water soluble P (0.01 mol·L-1 CaCl2 extractable P) and agricultural test P (Olsen-P and Bray 1-P) and phosphorus sorption saturation were researched in three groups of paddy soils with different soil texture. 139 soil samples were analyzed by Olsen P, Bray 1-P and water soluble P in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Soil P sorption saturation was calculated as a function of oxalate extractable P, Fe and Al. Thresholds in the relationships between water soluble P and Olsen-P, Bray 1-P and P sorption saturation were identied by segmented linear regression (change point analysis). The thresholds for Olsen P, Bray 1-P and P sorption saturation for the paddy soils were 50~75 mg·kg-1, 90~140 mg·kg-1 and 21%~23% under the aerobic condition, and 35~45 mg·kg-1, 75~115 mg·kg-1 and 16%~18% under the anaerobic condition, above the thresholds the potential of P release from the paddy soils to water increased. These threshold values may be of environmental importance in estimating the potential of soluble P loss from paddy soil by drainage and leaching.


The paper looks at the cross-cultural communication problems – one of the most significant educational issues, given the globalization processes and economic and scientific integration. In Hungary, the interest to learning the Russian language and culture is increasing as the way for understanding the potential international partner and strengthening the business relations between Hungary and Russia. In author's opinion, the unbiased information on the current situation in Russia and the history of relations between the two countries should stimulate the motivation for learning Russian as the second and third foreign language in Hungarian educational institutions. The retrospective analysis of the above relations demonstrates both the positive and negative trends, the latter being caused by the stereotypes influenced by the certain political powers and historical events. The paper empha- sizes the reasons behind the existing prejudices and myths concerning Russia. The author believes that such misjudgments should be persuasively corrected by the experts in the Russian language and culture, and regards this task as the first priority. In conclusion, the paper provides the brief review of the recent Hungarian publications on the comparative culture studies.


http://disegnarecon.univaq.it Carlo Bianchini Architect, PhD, Full Professor at the Faculty of Architecture of "Sapienza" University of Rome. Author more than 70 publications. He conducts research on issues related to documentation, analysis and enhancement of Cultural Heritage. He took part in numerous national and international research projects as an expert in the field of material and immaterial Cultural Heritage


This study was planned to provide basic data for activating quality improvement by genera hospital with more than 400 beds across the country, of which 65 coordinators answered. Main results of the study are as follows.. 1. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment by individual characteristics were compared. It was revealed that the sense of self-efficacy was related to job satisfaction positively. But job satisfaction and organizational commitment by locus of control showed no significant difference. 2. In terms of the characteristics of QI activities, the active participation of QI coordinators in QI planning process and smooth communication among hospital staffs were showed positive relationship to job satisfaction significantly. 3. Also support system was proposed as most significant variable related to the job satisfaction and the organizational commitment of QI coordinators. Especially support to QI activities by CEO's, seniors, and other hospital staff was a factor to enhance the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of QI coordinators. 4. In the aspect of organizational culture, culture which were tendency to be recognized high autonomy in their work and organizational identity strongly and to operate reasonable compensation system were related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment positively. The more formalized climate, supportive communication, cooperative teamwork and promoting creative/risk take behavior, it showed the higher organizational commitment. 5. For the aspect of QI job characteristics, QI coordinators' job satisfaction was high when QI office was arranged for independent department which was exclusively in charge of QI activities and their role is exclusively in charge of QI. It can be concluded that organizational support in the aspect of relation and finance and efforts of encouraging their motivation and providing on the job training program are need.


Abstract : The crystal structure of 8,16-oxido-cis(2.2)metacyclophane, C16H14O, is orthorbombic, space group probably Cmc21, with a=8.78, b=16.04, c=8.42 A, Z=4. The structure was deduced from the three-dimensional Patterson synthesis and refined by block-diagonal least squares to a final agreement residual of 0.057. The molecule has nearly mm symmetry, and is folded to a dihedral form so that the angle between the slightly boat-shaped six-membered rings is 99.6 deg. The bond angle subtended by the oxygen atom is 101.4 deg, while the mean value of those in the methylene bridges is 119.0 deg. The strain implied by these values is consistent with the tendency of the compound to transform into the corresponding pyrene derivative, with ejection of the hetero atom. (Author)


This article explores the attempt by the editors of Ms. magazine, a feminist, mass-circulation, commercial periodical, to create a nonhierarchical, collective-type organization within the context of the mass-media publishing world. Drawing from interviews with the former editors and writers of Ms., published "Personal Reports," and the editorial files collected at the Sophia Smith Archives, this article focuses on the tensions that emerged in constructing an egalitarian organization. The study finds that the primary transformations occurred within the editorial side of the magazine, though splits between women's movement-identified editors and women's magazine-identified editors made these changes more difficult than they had originally imagined. Few attempts were made to alter the business side of the magazine, which worked primarily as a pipeline to move staff into the world of mainstream (and male) publishing.


THE CYTOSKELETON AND CYTOCORTEX 462 Actin and Actin-Associated Proteins 462 The Tubulin-Based Cytoskeleton 466 Intermediate Filaments and Nuclear Lamins 468 The Significance of Cytoskeletal Changes 469


In this project, we propose and implement an appearance-based visual interaction system that is capable of performing real-time foreground segmentation and finger action recognition. Input images are split into multiple sub-images that have the same dimension. A hue-histogram is built for each sub-image to model the background because hue is relatively robust to illumination changes. We employ an intersection metric to detect substantial change between background image and foreground image. By applying a threshold on the resulting intersection value, we segment the finger from background image. We define a state space in which each point indicates the distance and direction of the finger with respect to the button. A HMM model is built for each of four categories of button trigger actions. Given enough training action sequences, we train the models by maximizing the overall likelihood that the system generates all the training sequences. The probability that each model produces the given state sequence is used as the criteria of the identity of the action. We implement a system that runs at about 25 fps. At the same time, the system achieves correct ratio of over 96%.


To the Editor: —As the question of the removal ofThe Journalfrom Chicago to Washington is forced upon the members of the Association, it is clearly plain to me that Dr. Dimmitt's plan, as offered inThe Journalof January 17, is the only safe and true plan of procedure. In this manner alone can all the members have a voice upon this most important question; and it will beat the Australian method of voting altogether. In my opinionThe Journalshould remain in Chicago, where it is now prosperous and self sustaining. Certainly let it remain where it is long enough for the colored gentleman now in the woodpile to get a good crop of wool on his head. Galesburg, Ill., Jan. 24, 1891.


Ainhum, from the Nagos native name, meaning "to saw," may be defined as a pathologic process, the ultimate result of which is a spontaneous amputation of one or more fingers or toes, usually the little toe. This occurs through a slow but gradual circular strangulation. The disease when unchecked inevitably leads to loss of one or more fingers or toes. Generally only the little toes are affected, but cases occur in which other toes are attacked and amputated. HISTORY OF THE DISEASE. The affection was first described by Clark, 1 and later by Da Silva Lima 2 of Bahia in 1866, who gave to the medical world the first complete reports of this strange malady. It was at first supposed to be confined exclusively to Brazilian territory. Since then, however, it has been reported from nearly every quarter of the globe. It has been met with most frequently on the


Ammonia-ethanol-water (AEW) pretreatment was adopted to treat wheat straw for ameliorating saccharification with the integrated preparation of submicron lignin spheres (SLS). Results showed that AEW pretreatment could remove 77% of lignin and 90% of extractives, thus increasing specific surface area and porosity of the substrate and finally enhancing the release of fermentable sugars in saccharification. Under the optimal pretreatment conditions (170 °C for 2 h, ethanol concentration 55% (v/v), ammonia concentration 7.5 wt%), the final total sugar yield reached 81.7% after pretreatment and saccharification, which was 2.25 times higher compared to the conventional ethanol organosolv pretreatment. Moreover, washing could be excluded for AEW-pretreated wheat straw before saccharification, and both ethanol and ammonia could be readily recovered and reused, making the AEW pretreatment clean and sustainable. In addition, SLS with hollow structure and average diameter of 161.2 ± 53.6 nm were fabricated using the fractionated lignin, which could offset the overall cost of AEW pretreatment.


The performance of any system for detecting a noise-like signal in additive background noise is critically dependent on the statistics of the signal and the noise. In analyzing the performance of a given detector it is necessary to make assumptions regarding these statistics. The situations in which both the noise and the signal are Gaussian and stationary (or very nearly so) are quite numerous, and the assumption that such is the case has led to useful results. There are, however, situations where this assumption is not justified: fading signals and fluctuations in noise intensity are commonly encountered in practice.1 ‾7 In such cases, for short observation intervals the signal and the noise may often be regarded as Gaussian and approximately stationary and detectors can then be designed and analyzed on this assumption. However, if the observation interval is lengthened sufficiently in an attempt to increase the sensitivity of the detector, the inputs to the detector will eventually be nonstationary and the performance of the detector will differ from that expected for stationary inputs.


This paper describes methods and presents results for sensing the columnar content of atmospheric water vapor via differential solar transmission measurements in and adjacent to the 0.94-micron water-vapor absorption band. Calibration and measurement techniques are presented for obtaining the water vapor transmission from the radiometer measurements. Models are also presented for retrieving the columnar water vapor amount from the estimated transmission. Example retrievals are presented for radiometer measurements made during the 1986 Arizona Monsoon Season to track temporal variations in columnar water vapor amount.


In the measurement of a continuous observable Q, the pure components of the reduced state do, in general, depend on the initial state. For measurements which attempt to localize the measured system in a certain region R, the localized wave functions are proportional to the original wave function outside of R. This " quantum memory " effect shows that it is not possible to perfectly localize a quantum particle. In this paper we address the question of how to measure a quantum-mechanical observable with a continuous spectrum. Ever since the pioneering work of von Neumann [1], it has been known that for the measurement of an observable Q, the interaction energy between the observed system S and the measuring apparatus A has to be a function of Q [2,3]. Von Neumann considered an interaction term which is linear in a position-like variable Q [1]. More recently Zurek studied interactions between S and A in terms of a preferred " pointer basis " of A [2]. Haake and Walls studied the case of an oscillator coupled to an infinite reservoir [3], following the earlier work of Ullersma [4]. Unruh and Zurek recently studied state reduction in a similar model, including the case of a free particle, and presented explicit calculations of reduced density matrices for states with Gaussian characteristic functions [5]. These studies show that the variance of Q in the pure components of the reduced density matrix ρ S is much less than in the initial state of S, in accord with the idea


ISO14299 specifying unified diagnostic services and CAN based vehicle fault diagnostic protocol ISO15765 are introduced,and the relationship between ISO14229 and ISO15765 and the architecture of ISO15765 are analyzed.The overall design of the ISO15765 protocol stack is provided in the paper.The design of the ISO15765 protocol stack uses layered and interface method.Lower layers provides services to higher layers.Modular design is adopted for developing internal operation.Experimental results show that the protocol stack satisfies ISO15765 standard and general fault diagnosis requirements.


Abstract T-cell activation is crucial for the development of specificimmune reactions. After antigen-specific and nonspecific signals,costimulation and cytokine performance, activation, expansion,immunologic response and, finally, suppression of lymphocytesoccurs by apoptosis. Dysregulation of this process is associatedwith many immune disorders like neoplasia which may result fromnuclear alterations. The genomic DNA is wrapped around an octamerof core histone proteins constituting the nucleosome, the basic unitof chromatin. These basic proteins are recognized for their importantrole in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of chromatin throughwhich the regulation of gene expression is attained. The aminotermini of histones are susceptible to a variety of post-translationalmodifications, such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation,among others. Individual types of histone modifications are "read"by proteins that modulate the chromatin structure and, thus,transcription. These integrated modifications represent complexepigenetic information called the "Histone Code" Hypothesis. Theaim of the present study was to compare nuclear alterations involvinghistone H3 in normal donor lymphocytes and T leukemic cells(Jurkat) after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, at 72 hours, 96hours and 120 hours. Using the immunofluorescence techniquewith specific antibodies, the following histone H3 modificationswere studied: phosphorylation of serine 10 (H3PS10), acetylationof lysine 9 (H3AcK9) and methylation of lysine 9 (H3MeK9).The normal donor lymphocytes were purified by density gradient.Our data show the growth curve of normal donor lymphocytes


Frequent volatility is a feature of stock market. Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) model is often used to forecast the variance of the benefit of financial capitals. Statistic descriptions indicate that the benefit of finance capitals in China has the characteristic of autoregressive conditional hetero -skedasticity and abnormality. The ARCH models by Eviews are adopted in this paper to forecast the variance of the benefit of financial capitals from 1993 to 2003. Results obtained show that the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity( GARCH) model is a better model for frequent volatility of stock market in Chi-


Allied healthcare professionals are an integral part of multidisciplinary healthcare teams requiring highly skilled and competent members from every discipline. Clinical and allied health education in Australia is challenged by increasing student numbers, changing healthcare practices, and service pressures impacting the clinical training of students. There is a need to optimise the effectiveness and efficiency of the way students develop their professional skills. New technological approaches deliver student-centered education involving work-integrated learning. This chapter covers different strategies developed and implemented over time, merging various technologies in an innovative manner providing better standardized skills and competencies to more students within limited resources to prepare them for a global inter-professional multidisciplinary healthcare team providing efficient service to society. It will also provide future directions to adapt technology from the nonhealthcare industry to healthcare training and share some strategies of bringing the workplace to the classroom. Introduction and Current Status of Technology in Teaching and Learning of Allied Healthcare Students: Use of Technology in Teaching and Learning of Allied Healthcare Students


One of the major challenges in Automatic Drum Transcription (ADT) research is the lack of large-scale labeled dataset featuring audio with polyphonic mixtures; this limitation around data availability greatly impedes the progress of data-driven approaches in the context of ADT. To tackle this issue, we propose a semi-automatic way of compiling a labeled dataset using the audio-to-MIDI alignment technique. The resulting dataset consists of 1565 polyphonic mixtures of music with audio-aligned MIDI ground truth. To validate the quality and generality of this dataset, an ADT model based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is trained and evaluated on several publicly available datasets. The evaluation results suggest that our proposed model, which is trained solely on the compiled dataset, compares favorably with the state-of-the-art ADT systems. The result also implies the possibility of leveraging audio-to-MIDI alignment in creating datasets for a broader range of audio related tasks.


Sensitization of erbium by ytterbium in ErxYb2−xSiO5 thin films at 980nm optical excitation is demonstrated by means of comparison of the 1.54µm photoluminescence intensities excited with 488nm and 980nm light. Additionally, it is shown that detrimental Er-Er interactions such as concentration quenching increase non-radiative decay rates at high erbium concentrations. Dilution of erbium by ytterbium reduces these interactions, leading to an increase of internal quantum efficiency.


The reflectivity of n-GaAs has been measured between 16 and 230 cm−1 by Fourier transform spectroscopy. The reflectivity is shown to be relatively independent of the electron scattering model and useful for determining carrier concentration and mobility.


The purpose of this project was twofold. First, to gain systems and operating experience with a remote terminal, time-sharing system. This would help to define the needs of future time-sharing applications. Second, to achieve productive use of time-sharing in some of IBM's current operations.


A lot has happened in the field of heart failure (HF) between the 20 6 European Society of Cardiology/Heart Failure Association (ESC/HFA) guidelines and the 202 1 version. 1 Even in the 6 months since the 202 1 version came out in full we have a major new trial, the first positive outcome trial in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) – EMPEROR-Preserved. 2,3 In the last 3 years, we have seen the development of the first major new drug class for the management of HF whose actions are not primarily neuro-hormonally mediated – the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) class. The clinical guideline writing process is a slow and arduous one, so it is not surprising that the guidelines lag somewhat behind the trial evidence upon which they depend. Thus, it is of interest when one of the major international guidelines is first presented. Despite the fact the most recent ESC/HFA guideline was only published less than a year ago and it was the first of the major international guidelines to recommend the SGLT2i class and introduce the concept of the 'foundational four' classes of drugs to be offered to all patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), it was soon behind the trial evidence because it had no drug therapy recommendation to change the outcome of HFpEF. Thus, the first update for many years of a full American guideline (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Asso-ciation/Heart Failure Society of America [ACC/AHA/HFSA]) is of major interest. What we all like to see is what changes have been incorporated based on newly published trials and what previously well evaluated therapies have their place questioned due to new evidence, or even perhaps changing sentiment even when no new trials have emerged. We all like to see what new advice is on offer to guide us in managing the health


Principal duties and authorities of provincial governments represented. A special emphasis is placed on modes and procedures of decision making, as well as types of enforcement documents used thereto. Defects of the record management are identified as one of the causes of administration failures.


We will prove existence and uniqueness theorems for solution of the boundary value problem x∆∆(t) = f(t, xσ(t)), x(a) = A, x(σ2(b)) = B for t in a measure chain T. In one of our results we use upper and lower solutions to prove the existence of a solution to this boundary value problem (BVP). We then use this result to show that if for each fixed t, f(t, x) is strictly increasing in x, then this BVP has a unique solution. In our last result we get an existence-uniqueness theorem in the case where f satisfies a one sided Lipschitz condition.


Benign diseases of the breast other than those labeled as "fibrocystic" in nature can be divided into congenital, developmental, inflammatory, neoplastic, and miscellaneous categories. Several of the most common breast lesions in these categories are discussed in this article.


The epidemiological analysis of a long-term morbidity with vernal encephalitis among the population of Irkutsk area and military men of the Siberian Military District has been presented.


The carbonate foundation creep has significant difference between natural and moist condition under stress. Through field test of high fill carbonate foundation, it has shown that rocks have been in a long-term moist state, the total settlement of rocks creep in the moist state are significantly greater than the state of nature. In this paper, according to the difference between moist state and nature state of rocks creep, establishing the mechanical model of experience and creep in mechanical model, providing reference for the construction of KARST areas. Keywords-creep, empirical, model creep model


Pleistocene Melanopsis from three cores in the Hula Valley (a northern section of the Jordan Valley) were reinvestigated, and six species were found: buccinoidea, costata, obediensis, multiformis, corrugata, and turriformis. These species are described, compared, and their chronological appearance in the cores presented in terms of depths beneath the surface. There appears to have been an overall continuity in the Melanopsis fauna of the Jordan Valley throughout the Pleistocene. Some of the previously reported variation in the isotopic records of Melanopsis shells from the Hula cores may perhaps represent the different physiology of different species. Fossil hybrids of the Jordan Valley, as found also in this study, offer the earliest direct evidence of hybridization among molluscs that is still going on today in the same region and aquatic system, among the same species. Correlations with lithology suggest that none of the Melanopsis species dwelt in swamps; obediensis, multiformis, and corrugata were lake dwellers; and turriformis dwelt also in transitional habitats, between lakes and swamps. Correlations with recent species suggest that the paleo-landscape of buccinoidea consisted of a spring or stream, and that of costata of a bank of a river or a lake. Where both costata and buccinoidea were found, the paleo-landscape may have consisted of a spring or stream flowing into a river or lake. About a quarter of the local extinctions coincided with brief spreading of swamps. Incomplete evidence may perhaps suggest a competitive succession among the three fossil lake-dwelling species.


Charpy V‐notch (CVN) impact‐test values are widely used in toughness specifications for AISI H11 hot‐work tool steel, even though the fracturing energy is not directly related to the tool design. KIc, the plain‐strain stress‐intensity factor at the onset of unstable crack growth, can be related to the tool design; however, KIc test values are not widely used in toughness specifications. This is surprising since to the designer KIc values are more useful than CVN values because the design calculations for tools and dies of high‐strength steels should take into account the strength and the toughness of materials in order to prevent the possibility of rapid and brittle fracture. An investigation was conducted to determine whether standardized fracture‐toughness testing (ASTM E399‐90), which is difficult to perform reliably for hard materials with a low ductility, could be replaced with a so far non‐standard testing method. A particular problem is that the manufacture of the fatigue crack samples is difficult and expensive, and this has promoted the search for alternative fracture‐toughness testing methods. One of the most promising methods is the use of circumferentially notched and fatigue‐precracked tensile specimens. With this technique the fatigue crack in the specimen is obtained without affecting the fracture toughness of the steel, if it is obtained in soft annealed steel, i.e., prior to the final heat treatment. The results of this investigation have shown that using the proposed method it was possible to draw, for the normally used range of working hardness, combined tempering diagrams (Rockwell‐C hardness ‐ Fracture toughness KIc ‐ Tempering temperature) for some AISI H11 hot‐work tool steel delivered from three steel plants. On the basis of the combined tempering charts the influence of the processing route on the mechanical properties was investigated. In the same way, vacuum‐heat‐treated tool steels were assessed and their properties expressed as a ratio of the fracture toughness to the hardness (KIc/HRc).


By an optimization processing of alkaline treatment to improve the structure and properties of ramie fibers, and by introducing some additives into the cellulose acetate to improve its processability, a new kind of composite, ramie fiber reinforced cellulose acetate,was fabricated. The results show that the tensile strength,tensile modulus,toughness and surface adsorption ability of the ramie fiber can be improved when the ramie fiber is treated with NaOH,and that the shear strength and bend strength of ramie fiber reinforced cellulose acetate composites are modified. 


B IG data is generally captured by sensor networks in various industrial and manufacturing sectors; this big data is transmitted by mobile devices and Internet of Things (IoT) devices through the 5G mobile networks. 5G mobile edge computing is generally integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) in order to perform data mining for big data. 5G mobile edge computing attempts to help the industries to increase product quality, improve robustness and reliability of manufacturing processes, enhance manufacturing productivity and effectiveness, and reduce production costs. All those activities benefit consumers in the marketplace. The 5G mobile networks are connected and interacted within a huge number of industrial and manufacturing sectors. Data flows are interacting within a huge number of network nodes and routers. Therefore, data flow or mobile networks cannot be fully monitored. Fraud or dishonest data can be intentionally integrated or unintentionally contaminated. Although the 5G mobile edge computing is powerful, nevertheless unreliable data mining can only be performed, since wrong data is used. Recently, cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Litecoins are used in virtual transactions by many financial sectors. Blockchain is integrated with the cryptocurrencies. Blockchain attempts to ensure security, trust and privacy of the virtual transactions, while centralized authorities or management are not necessary to be involved. Blockchain connects all transaction parties in order to monitor and verify each transaction. It reduces transaction risks and financial fraud without the involvement of centralized authorities or management. While blockchain is implemented in mobile devices and IoT devices, data trust and honesty can be guaranteed in the 5G mobile networks. When the captured data is more reliable, accurate data mining and analysis can be performed by the 5G mobile edge computing. This special section focus on 5G mobile edge computing methods in order to perform better data analysis, simulations, and predictions for industrial applications when blockchain is integrated in the 5G mobile networks. We received 30 high quality submissions for this special section on "Blockchain and AI Enabled 5G Mobile Edge Computing." After the review and revision processes, six articles were selected to be published in this valuable document. The article "Efficient QoS Support for Robust Resource Allocation in Blockchain-Based Femtocell Networks" authored by


Contrast-medium induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization has an extremely variable incidence, which is very elevated in high-risk subgroups. Despite its benign course in most cases, it is associated with a longer hospital stay, and elevated in-hospital and late mortality rates. This paper reviews the physiopathogenesis of CIN, as well as the clinical manifestations and preventive measures currently available.


Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS) has been managed by temporary director system in consequence of internal complications and normalised by...


On the site of the packaging design, the quantity of the cushioning material should be decided to give the product a proper packaging based on the cushion curve that shows the cushioning characteristics. Except for provided by the suppliers of the cushioning materials, packaging engineers need to generate the curves on the site of packaging design by a lot of dynamic compression test. But the assumed cushioning effect might not be closer to actual cushioning performance even if it based on the cushion curves. In this study, the influence of the shearing force is shown as the main reason that does not become the assumed cushioning effect from the result of dummy package equivalent drop test and the dynamic compression test with shear. Also it shows that the simple method of generating the cushion curves using dynamic cushioning factor, and that application is examined.


(Please note, this is an abstract only) Mechanical treatments in the pinon-juniper type are driven by the objectives of the treatment. Objectives of restoring meadows or grassland from encroachment or returning to a savanna can require a different method of treatment than thinning pinon-juniper woodlands. Often these types of objectives are intermingled within a treatment area as site characteristics vary across the landscape. Characteristics such as tree/shrub density and size, soils (or the lack of), slope, terrain, species, and selectivity of treatment method can determine the type of mechanical treatment(s) suited for an area. Management of the area following the treatment also can determine the type of mechanical method utilized. Post-treatment management of the site (need for soil/site stabilization, grazing management, wildlife habitat, etc.) and biomass material produced from treatments can define the needs of the mechanical treatment. Examples of variation of treatments are piling/windrowing material for burning, preparation for broadcast burning, lop and scatter, firewood harvesting, biomass harvesting for energy or other products, or maintenance. Treatment methods are presented including positive and negative attributes; selectivity/sensitivity to resource values and objectives; post-treatment management options; and relative or approximate costs.


Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, forms a biofilm in the proventriculus of its flea vector to enhance transmission. Biofilm formation in Y. pestis is regulated by the intracellular levels of cyclic diguanylate (c‐di‐GMP). In this study, we investigated the role of the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) in hmsT mRNA, a transcript that encodes a diguanylate cyclase that stimulates biofilm formation in Y. pestis by synthesizing the second messenger c‐di‐GMP. Deletion of the 3′UTR increased the half‐life of hmsT mRNA, thereby upregulating c‐di‐GMP levels and biofilm formation. Our findings indicate that multiple regulatory sequences might be present in the hmsT 3′UTR that function together to mediate mRNA turnover. We also found that polynucleotide phosphorylase is partially responsible for hmsT 3′UTR‐mediated mRNA decay. In addition, the hmsT 3′UTR strongly repressed gene expression at 37°C and 26°C, but affected gene expression only slightly at 21°C. Our findings suggest that the 3′UTR might be involved in precise and rapid regulation of hmsT expression, allowing Y. pestis to fine‐tune c‐di‐GMP synthesis and consequently regulate biofilm production to adapt to the changing host environment.


Challenging the undesirability of disability is a shared responsibility that requires us to imagine disability differently. In order to imagine disability differently, we need to understand how the neoliberal hegemonic social imagination—key to processes that create good disabled and able-bodied neoliberal subjects—works to curtail who is perceived to have a desirable body. In order to desire disability differently, we must begin with marginal, heterotopic imaginations whereby disability is not something to overcome, but rather is part of a life worth living. In this article, I build on Foucault's concepts of heterotopia (1998), milieu, and the government of things (2007), and Karen Barad's agential realism (2007), as well as draw on the work of Mel Chen (2012) and Rod Michalko (1999) in order to argue that the heterotopic imagination reconfigures how we consider disability to emerge, with whom, and where. By mobilising the heterotopic imagination, we can come to recognise that disability does not emerge as an individualised human body, but rather is an intracorporeal, non-anthropocentric multiplicity. To desire disability differently through the heterotopic imagination is not simply to allow the current formulation of disability to become desirable, but rather to radically alter how we desire disability, in addition to altering what disability is, how it is practised, and what it can be.


Research conducted as an explanatory and predictive research. Explanatory research aims to explain a phenomenon. This study used population study. The population in this study included all employees of the Bank Sleman Yogyakarta. This study tried to know the influence of applied human capital and social capital on the performance of an organization, company. The research results can be seen that 1) human capital have an influence on the performance of the organization and 2) social capital has an influence on organizational performance. The results of this study support the results of research conducted by Li danWu. (2004) is a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and company performance. This is consistent with those expressed by Agarwala, (2003) and. Guthrie et al, (2002), namely an increase in human capital will result in greater competitiveness and performance. In creating a competitive advantage requires social capital such as the ability to locate, utilize and combine skills, knowledge and experience of others, inside and outsidetheorganization.


Ports and harbours were of paramount importance for past human societies, since they played multiple roles in many different historical periods. In recent decades, port and harbour studies in archaeology have moved towards a social and economic approach, focusing on the localized meanings of these infrastructures as well as on various key topics including human-environmental interaction, material culture, settlement systems, human behavior and action, identity, ideology, communication networks and trade, war and peace, and technological evolution, etc.1 Especially in the context of the Mediterranean islands, ports and harbours have played vital roles in wider social, economic, and political networks. Crete, which was diachronically a diverse and interactive insular world within the Eastern Mediterranean, offers a fertile ground for investigating meticulously a wide range of key topics related to ports and harbours in Late Antiquity (the 4th – mid-7th centuries AD). During Late Antiquity Crete benefitted from its localized environmental advantages, the island's strategic location and the favourable historical circumstances, achieving considerable prosperity.2Archaeological investigations have shown that a large number of sites developed both in the interior and along the coastline of the island. Regarding the maritime and coastal cultural landscape, however, important aspects of this situation have not been studied in detail, while a synthetic and comparative work focusing on the entire island is lacking. The multiple roles played by the Cretan ports and harbours, as well as the challenges faced by ancient mariners in moving around the island have not been fully understood.


Raman scattering and polarized infrared reflection spectra are presented for CdGa2S4. CdGa2S4 has the defect chalcopyrite structure and is treated as a perturbation of the zincblende structure found in binaries such as GaP and ZnS. The points Γ, X and W in the reciprocal lattice space of the zincblende structure coincide with the point Γ of the chalcopyrite structure. Then, the characteristics observed in the spectra are interpreted as resulting from the transformation of the phonons at the points Γ X and W of the zincblende structure. Twelve of thirteen modes expected from irreducible representation are assigned and the static and optical dielectric constants are also calculated.


The political culture of the Hellenistic poleis put great importance on honours for benefactors; hence the development of a particular genre of public sculpture, the honorific portrait, usually a life-size bronze statue. At first sight, this genre has nothing to do with the replication of ancient Greek masterpieces. Yet there are intersections between honorific statuary and replication: honorific statues of famous and, perhaps, not so famous men were replicated; honorific statuary borrowed from the resources offered by type and replication, for its own purposes. Replication meant different things in different contexts; yet the two cultures, arthistorical connoisseurship and civic political culture, did not exist in isolation, but each derived meaning from each other's existence and functioning.


Poster: "2018 ASM / R-0041 / A six-year Australian and New Zealand experience of artificial intelligence techniques applied to MRI liver data – tricks and traps" by: "M. Blake1, T. Cooper2, S. Khorshid1, T. St Pierre1; 1WA/AU, 2NZ"


Although the literature has studied the direction and extent of the effect of green finance on industrial-structure optimization, quantitative analysis of the coupling coordination and spatial–temporal differences between green finance and industrial structure is relatively scarce. Therefore, in this paper, we built the theoretical framework of the coupling coordination relationship between green finance and industrial-structure optimization, and then we used the coupling coordination degree and geographic detector model to investigate the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the coupling coordination between the two based on the panel data of 31 provinces from 2012 to 2019. The results show that China's green finance and industrial-structure optimization have basically reached the primary coupling, and the coupling coordination degree is from 0.40 to 0.43, which shows a "W"-type fluctuation trend of recovery. The regional gap of the coupling coordination degree firstly decreased and then increased, showing a change law of "agglomeration, equilibrium and agglomeration". In the spatial dimension, the high-level coordination region showed an increasing trend of "fragmentation" fluctuation, while the low-level coordination region concentrated in the central and western regions with a tendency of "low value locking". The trend surface showed a spatial characteristic of "high in the north and low in the south–high in the east and west and low in the middle". We also found that the dependence of foreign trade and technological innovation are the main factors affecting the coupling coordination degree, and the interaction between government support and human capital synergistic is the crucial channel for the coevolution of green finance and industrial structure to promote green and low-carbon development.


Anticoagulant rodenticides act by interrupting cellular recycling of vitamin K and inducing a secondary coagulopathy. Their sensitivity to different animal species is reviewed.


Dear Editor, The recent paper in Neurourology and Urodynamics by Mart ınez-Garc ıa et al. on ''expected bladder capacity'' was a very welcome plea to forget about linear functions for bladder capacity versus age. Our group of paediatric nephrologists at the University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium, made a similar plea in 2006 and 2007, in two papers quoted by Mart ınez-Garc ıa et al. (references 23 and 24). Reference 24 is in the reference list of Mart ınez-Garc ıa's paper, but it is nowhere mentioned in the text, which is a pity. Van Hoeck et al. compared maximum voided volumes (MVVs) in 50 normal school-age children with MVVs in 76 school-age children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE); they found that MVV was produced as early morning voiding (EMV) in 72% of the normal children, and in only 28% of the enuretic children who obviously cannot produce a normal EMV most mornings. This makes the average MVV smaller in children with MNE than in normal children—a consequence of MNE, not a cause. VanHoeck et al. also plotted diuresis for these two groups, in ml/hr/kg body weight: both groups had the same circadian pattern, with steady rates below 1ml/hr/kg between 23:00 and 07:00hr. They conclude that neither bladder capacity nor diuresis plays a causative role in MNE—they propose that a lack of normal inhibition of the detrusor muscle during the circadian inactivity phase causes MNE. In the light of these findings, we feel that Mart ınez-Garc ıa's concept of daytime and nocturnal (EMV) bladder capacities is a needless complication. Functional bladder capacity is defined as the largest voiding collected over 2–3 consecutive 24-hr periods (including 2 nights), and only one of these collected voidings can be the largest. In their discussion, Mart ınez-Garc ıa et al. mention the large bladder capacities of patients with reflux, posterior urethral valves, or neurogenic bladder. Urethral valves and neurogenic bladder can cause large bladder capacities due to infravesical obstruction and loss of renal concentration capacity, but vesicoureteral reflux is not accompanied by large bladder capacities, except in very severe reflux and in megacystis syndrome. In reference 23, Bael et al. not only constructed 5%–50%–95% percentiles for cystographic bladder capacity (CBC) from Kaefer's data, they also described 1,678 isotope cystographies obtained during a 10-year follow up of 386 children with dilating reflux (International Study of Reflux in Children, ISRC). The ISRC-CBCs matched the percentiles from Kaefer's data, and there was no difference in CBC between children with and without grade III or grade IV vesicoureteral reflux—in the ISRC-children, the volume overload must have been dealt with by an increase in voiding frequency.


PURPOSE
To compare cortical areas involved in hand motor function in patients with persistent motor movements with those in healthy control subjects by using functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nine patients (five patients with autosomal-dominant mirror movements, three with Kallmann syndrome, one with Wildervanck syndrome) and 10 healthy control subjects participated in the study. Functional MR imaging was performed at 1.5 T with a two-dimensional fast low-angle shot sequence. Participants were imaged while performing sequential finger-thumb opposition and during a rest period.

RESULTS
During unimanual intentional movements, MR imaging in all control subjects showed increased signal intensity along the superior bend of the central sulcus contralateral to the moved hand. This increase was predominantly located in a region that included the medial part of the precentral gyrus. In contrast, MR imaging in patients with mirror movements showed bilateral activity in the medial region of the precentral gyrus.

CONCLUSION
Bifurcations of the corticospinal tract may not be solely responsible for mirror movements. Bilateral activity of the primary motor cortex seems to play an additional role.


Intrinsic biophysical cell properties hold an enormous potential for cell class and state classification in microfluidics, allowing to avoid the need of cost intensive fluorescence labelling. Several methods can accomplish cell identification, while convolutional neural networks show an outstanding performance compared to other state-of-the-art classification methods, regarding accuracy and speed. In fact, neural networks show high performance for known image class prediction but struggles when unknown (out of distribution) image classes need to be identified. In such a scenario no prior knowledge of the unknown cell class can be used for the model training, which inevitably results in image misclassification. In fact, to distinguish unknown cell classes, a neural network must first construct an in-distribution of known images to afterwards detect out of distribution as unknowns, which is also called open-set classification assumption. Ones, a new cell class is identified, the neural network can be retrained with the obtained knowledge to dynamically update its cell class database. This process can be simply repeated for each new detected cell class. We applied this open-set idea to scattering pattern snapshots of different classes of living cells obtained in microfluidics. Our outcome shows a proof-of-concept for open-set based convolutional neural network for cell image classification, which can be applied to a wide range of single cell classification approaches to reduce uncertainty in machine learning based technologies.


The phenomenon of ToT is an interesting issue to be studied more and more, especially in the field of Linguistics, since prior research on ToT is only studied in the realm of Psychology. Later in 1966, Brown and MacNeill became pioneers in ToT research. In Indonesia itself, research related to ToT is rarely done. That is what prompted the birth of this simple study, whose hope could later be developed for more complex and complete studies in similar fields. This study aims to explain the possibility of ToT and at what level of Indonesian speakers can recall the target word in ToT condition. Participants of this study were 10 people with age range 25-59 years with the category of adults according to WHO (World Health Organization) with the number of 5 men and 5 women. The theory used as the basis of the study is based on Brown and MacNeill (1966) ToT analysis. The results showed that when participants were indicated to have ToT conditions, they could recall similar letters, syllables and words that might be present in the given target word. Based on the above description we can conclude that participants with ToT conditions have access to their phonological knowledge, but not enough to activate the word as a whole and in ToT condition, the ability to recall the target word can be in word, syllable and letter level.


Sweet potato is an important root crop that feeds millions of people, mostly the poor. Being a versatile crop, it is generally adapted to varying environments. The potential of sweet potato as food, feed, and industrial raw material has not been fully realized due to the: (a) dominance of subsistence farming with local varieties and poor-quality vine cuttings; (b) low or no knowledge and awareness of the new high-yielding yellow-fleshed sweet potato (YFSP) varieties rich in beta-carotene and micronutrients that could alleviate hunger and malnutrition globally; (c) high soil nutrient depletion by the crop under continuous cultivation with low or no nutrient inputs; (d) huge (40–80%) losses of roots after harvest due to poor postharvest management; and (e) inadequate farmers' access to sweet potato value chain. This review shows how to increase farmers' productivity and income and simultaneously sustain soil health by using improved, drought-tolerant varieties and climate-smart integrated crop and resource management technologies; reduce harvest and postharvest losses through improved postharvest management; reduce malnutrition by producing and consuming YFSP varieties; and increase sweet potato product lines to boost market demand and farmers' income, which in turn will encourage farmers to intensify sweet potato production with adequate inputs.


The high prevalence of loneliness, especially among elderly and young adults, calls for measures to connect people and strengthen social support networks. Housing models that bring people together ...


Objective:  To identify the special needs of children with type 1 diabetes at primary school taking into account the perceptions reported by parents, children, and teachers.


To the Editor.— In the January issue of theArchives, a letter from Drs. Brownstein, Shapiro, and Skolnik appeared (page 137) about the incidence and clinical circumstances of Kaposi sarcoma as seen in community practice. It was followed by a brief report from Dr. Grover (page 138) on the timing of recurrent basal cell carcinomas in a private practice. Those letters are excellent and interesting. But more than that, they demonstrate that "real life" in the practice of medicine can provide important information and a picture of disease much different from the data and conclusions one draws from the usual published reports that arise from academic centers. The inherent bias of clinical reports from academic centers is not news. Occasional reports from practitioners, such as the two just mentioned, are not new either, but they are certainly uncommon. A developing nationwide interest in medical audit, and the need to assess


Political education is an engineering to cultivate the human spirit world.Actively developing the work of political education in the high-level winter sports teams in universities is important for bringing up the undergraduate athletes' moral quality of striving for the team,school and motherland's glory,advancing their healthy growth with more proper philosophy.The article suggests that the better manner for the high-level winter sports athletes' political education and management in universities is to insist on the long-range ideal education,cultivate the patriotism idea by publicizing the typical examples,put up the collectivism education by using the network media,bring up their noble moral quality in knowledge education.


This study examined the use of ICT among postgraduate students and supervisors at University of Science Malaysia, Penang with special focus on student-supervisor communication. It employed a cross sectional survey design utilising an online questionnaire as data collection instrument. Students' and supervisors' competence in using the common MS Office programs, data analysis packages, and communication tools were gauged. Apart from that, their perceptions on the usefulness of ICT in student-supervisor communication were measured according to the following aspects: improves communication; strengthen student-supervisor relationship; add value to face to face interaction; and optimize student learning. A total of 81 students and 70 supervisors participated in this study. The results show that both students and supervisors were either intermediate or advance users as far as the basic Microsoft Office programs are concerned but not many of them have good knowledge on other programs such as data analysis packages. As for the open source applications, significantly higher percentage of supervisors (76%) use Moodle compared to students (42%), however the percentage of student users were significantly higher for Wiki, Facebook, Blog, and Friendster. All supervisors and students surveyed used email as the major communication tool, while considerable percentage of supervisors (64.3%) and students (79%) used SMS. On the perception towards the usefulness of ICT, the supervisors' ratings range from 4.32 to 5.44 on a scale of 1 to 7. The highest rating was for all "ICT improves communication" while the lowest was "ICT add value to face-to-face interaction". Female supervisors have a more favorable perception compared to male on all the four aspects assessed (p < 0.05). Supervisors with less then 10 years in USM gave significantly higher rating on the following aspects: "ICT improves communication" and "ICT optimizes students' learning", whilst students' ratings range from 4.84 (ICT add value to face to face interaction) to 5.55 (ICT improves communication). Students' demography did not have any bearing on their ratings. The t-test analysis indicated that supervisors' and students' ratings on the usefulness of ICT significantly differed only for "ICT strengthen student-supervisor relationship" aspect (p = 0.021); students' rating was higher than the supervisors'


A new method for determination of chlorophenols(CPs) is established.The reaction mechanism of CPs with HSA was studied by spectroscopy.The affecting of solution acidity,reagent dosage,temperature and reaction time,etc.on fluorescence quenching strength was investigated.According to Stern-Volmer equation,quenching constant and basic thermodynamic parameters of the blinding process were obtained.The detection limit of the method is 2.26×10~(-10)g/mL and the linearity range was 0.75~6.50 μg/10mL.The fluorescence quenching constant K_(q) is 3.713×10~(13)L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1).When the method was used to determine CPs(2,4-DCP) in water,combined with solid phase extractor(SPE),satisfactory results were obtained.Relative standard deviation is less than 2.91%,recovery range is 96.44%~105.94%.Fluorescence quenching mechanism of 2,4-DCP with HSA is a static quenching procedure.


The authors present some numerical results for the one dimensional Ising model with inverse-square long range interaction obtained by the use of the scaling technique developed in connection with the Kondo problem. Certain new remarks on the Kondo problem are also included.


In this paper we propose a re-reading of three types of texts in which the 17th and 18th century Jesuit missionaries in the New World described their experiences as missionaries as well as explorers, but also their personal views and feelings. We expect that such re-readings of their testimonies of the work and life in the missions would help build a richer and more complex image of the missionary life than that based on the grand narrative.


The authors analyzed the relationship between gold mine and geological conditions including strata,magmatic rocks,structure,etc.and identified the control action of various geological conditions to gold mine base on previous research results and taking the gold mine in Baishan area of Jilin as the prediction mine type and the gold deposit as the target.At the same time,the sythetic information ore-prospecting of gold mine has been forecasted in this area by geological,geochemical and geophysical data,and the authors have established the sythetic information ore-prospecting model in Baishan area of Jilin with Middle Proterozoic strata as the main ore-forming strata,the NE and NW trending faults as the main ore-controlling structures,and the aeromagnetic interpretation circular structure and gravity high background field as the main ore-forming signs with geochemical elements demonstrate three types of combination anomaly.


Type I diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrinemetabolic disorder of childhood, and adolescence [1]. WHO announced DM as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century [2]. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute metabolic complication that can be life-threatening and is the major source of mortality and morbidity in this disorder [3, 4]. Frequent causes include stress and infection in a new diabetic or a missed insulin dose in an established diabetic [5]. Ketoacidosis usually develops slowly, but when vomiting occurs it can develop in a few hours [5]. Classic symptoms often are absent in toddlers; and dehydration of 10% in children and up to 15% in infants is common [5]. Some patients (especially children) do not like to have injections [5]. DKA has been reported to occur also in type 2, mainly under stressful conditions such as surgery or infections [6,7]. Approximately 25 to 40% of children with type I DM will initially be diagnosed upon presentation with ketoacidosis [8]. DKA may occur in association with near normal glucose levels. Some patients have the desire to try local medicines [8]. e WHO projected to have almost "221" million cases in the year 2010 and up to "285" million cases in the year 2025 [9]. Many patients will have recurrence of their DKA [10]. e number of episodes of DKA is a significant outcome measure for diabetes care [11]. Pediatric DKA requires rapid recognition, yet gradual organized treatment [13]. Cerebral edema is an uncommon (occurs in 1%) but devastating complication of DKA in children, with a mortality that has remained constant for decades, and no guidelines have been shown to eliminate its risk [14,15]. Ideally severe DKA should be treated in intensive care units, especially if bicarbonate therapy is contemplated [16]. Treatment of children with DKA uses significant health care resources and the best way to avoid it is through involvement and close follow up by a multidisciplinary team of health care professionals with experience in dealing with diabetes in children and adolescents [7,19]. e ESPED, UK stated that: in early management of DKA, use of lower dose of insulin might be safer, especially in patients with PH<7.1 and when fluid boluses are needed for dehydration [16].


This paper presents the realization of a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) for a liquid level control system. Multifarious controllers that were proposed in the previous literature are constrained within simulation platform. Several advanced control configurations are implemented in the hard-wire platform that incurs complex programming and requires computational burden. These kind of control configurations do not permit the operator to tune the control parameter online. Moreover, the parameters inside the microcontroller are unobservable to the operators. As such, the need to implement a real-time HIL for a liquid level control system worthwhile to the operators. It gives intuitive configuration and user-friendly application to the operators because the tuning process can be implemented in didactic manner. Furthermore, the controller design phase can be conducted with lees programming burden. Implementing the HIL requires three phases. The tank must be calibrated to obtain a linear relationship between the voltage and the water level. Afterward, the open-loop Ziegler Nichols is exploited to tune the parameters of three term Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller. The controller is then implemented in the MATLAB SIMULINK platform in the host computer. The result shows that the proposed real-time configuration guarantees the asymptotic tracking of the demanded water level with only  steady state error.


One of the main implementation disadvantages of a multicarrier communication system is the possibly high peak to average power ratio of the transmitted signals which cause the requirement of highly cost linear amplifiers with large dynamic range. One proposed solution is given by Haiming Wang [1] which is based on the algorithm of Hopfield Neural Network (HNN). In this paper, we applied the Immune Clonal Selection Algorithm (ICSA), which is derive from the antibody clonal selection theory, instead of HNN to the designing of the transmitter. The simulation results verify the practicability of ICSA approaches that the probability that PAPR exceeds 5.5 dB is about 1/10 of that of the HNN approach. In addition, we analyzed the effects of different parameters of ICSA on the performance of PAPR reduction, by which a optimized parameters are suggested for designing a effective optimizer with low cost.


In this paper, an iterative soft-decision hybrid decoding algorithm for non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with short codeword lengths is proposed. The rationale of the approach is to combine the classical belief propagation (BP) iterative LDPC decoding algorithm with the most reliable basis (MRB) decoding algorithm. This allows to achieve significant performance improvements, with a complexity that, for medium/low error rates, is only slightly higher than that of the BP algorithm alone. The performance improvement with respect to pure BP decoding is up to 0.7 dB at codeword error rate (CER) ≈ 10-5. Notably, for a fixed MRB order, hybrid decoding achieves a gain up to 0.5 dB at CER ≈ 10-5 with respect to BP decoding and MRB decoding used alone.


In this paper, a time domain simulation is established to investigate the feasibility of a PID controller for rescue at sea. In the problem, the endangered ship loses its power and moves freely under environmental forces. The control target for Dynamic Tracking (DT) is to maintain a certain distance between the endangered and rescue ships. The time domain simulation includes multi-body hydrodynamics and Guidance Navigation Control (GNC) system. The multi-body hydrodynamics is modeled with the ship-ship interaction considered. The first and second order wave loads, added mass and damping in frequency domain is calculated using potential theory. Current and wind loads are estimated by empirical formulas summarized from experimental data. As for the design of the GNC system, PID control strategy is applied for the controller and the Kalman Filter for the observer. The time domain simulation in this research is performed in MATLAB.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


This work consists of an analysis of the constitutional hierarchy that the codification of the Constitution of 1998 grants to the international agreements. It is composed by three chapters that come across the following topics. The first chapter is an approximation to the concept of international agreement from the point of view of the international law. In this chapter the principles "Pacta Sunt Servanda" and "Internal Law and Observance of Treaties" are analyzed. The second chapter consists of an analysis of the existing constitutional procedures to celebrate international agreements. In this chapter special emphasis is done in the difference of two procedures established at the Constitution. Finally the third chapter analyzes the weak points and the strong points of the different doctrinaire existing positions on the constitutional hierarchy of the international agreements. The principal doctrinaire existing positions are three.


Physics is rarely pursued by El Salvadoran students. As in most Latin‐American countries, there exists the false idea in El Salvador that some careers should be exclusively for men, such as engineering and hard sciences like physics. Because El Salvador is a natural laboratory for geophysical phenomena, due to the existence of more than 20 volcanoes, prevalent seismic activity, and large production of geothermic energy, geophysics is the most common branch of physics studied in El Salvador. The numbers and gender breakdown of physics and geophysics students at the University of El Salvador in the years since the last IUPAP Women in Physics Conference in 2005 are presented, and the numbers are encouraging.