Location-based games (LBGs) differ from conventional digital games because they blur the boundaries between real and virtual worlds as they turn the physical space into part of the game scenario. LBGs have characteristics that distinguish them from conventional games, such as mobility, pervasiveness, and spatiality. For their complexity and potential of new applications, LBGs pose new challenges to industry and academy, and one of these challenges lies in evaluating the player interaction with an LBG. Thus, it is necessary to create and adapt methods that allow us to evaluate player interaction considering LBGs characteristics and provide a deeper comprehension of the player experience (PX). This paper presents VALERIE (eVAluation of Location-based games and player Experience Interview guidE), a guide to qualitative evaluations of PX in LBGs through the application of semi-structured interviews. VALERIE provides a set of techniques, 60 topics, and orientations that can help students, practitioners, and researchers plan and conduct qualitative interviews for this purpose.


This paper focus on the place of didactics in relation to curriculum theory and to its contemporary context of development. From the problem of theoretic approaches to didactic event as object of study, the hegemonic object oriented didactic -derived from thechnical rationalityis criticized. According to this, text examines theoretic possibilities to resignify didactics as a discipline, starting from the consideration of coloniality and the recognition of projectuality as a key element to build an emancipation path for subjects.


The utility model relates to an electro-magnetic brake control circuit used for an air jet weaving machine, which comprises a field effect transistor, a diode, a switching circuit, an electromagnet coil. The drain electrode of the field effect transistor is connected with a DC power, the source electrode of the field effect transistor is connected with the positive pole of the diode, negative pole of the diode is connected with one end of the electromagnet coil, the other end of the electromagnet coil is connected with a zero potentiometer, the grid electrode of the field effect transistor is connected with the switching circuit, the switching circuit comprises a photoelectric coupler, the A end and the C end of the photoelectric coupler are connected with the DC power, the K end thereof is connected with a control circuit, the E end thereof is connected with grid electrode of the field effect transistor, an electro-magnetic brake wheel keeps a close state through the periodic on-off of the photoelectric coupler, only one DC power is required, decreasing the production cost, enhancing the system reliability.


This paper presents the first measurement of the differential B{sup {plus_minus}}and B{sup o} cross-sections, d{sigma}/d{sub PT} in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV. The data sample used represents an integrated luminosity of 19.3 {plus_minus} 0.8 pb{sup {minus}1} accumulated by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). The cross-sections are measured over the PT range 6--15 GeV/c in the central pseudorapidity region {vert_bar}{eta}{vert_bar} < 1 by fully reconstructing the B meson decays B{plus_minus} {yields} and J/{psi}K{sup *o}, where the J/{psi} is required to decay to two muons, and the K{sup *o} is required to decay to K{plus_minus}{pi}{plus_minus}. The results are compared to the theoretical QCD prediction calculated at next-to-leading order.


More efficient building energy management leads to lower energy consumption and cost, higher occupancy comfort and less detrimental effects on the environment. Improving building energy management with advanced integrated building control provides a tool to coordinate and optimize control of multiple indoor parameters by considering their interconnected effects on building energy consumption and comfort.
A building integrated optimization requires an approach to calculate building energy consumption, operate in real time, optimize building control parameters, and be able to modify systems operations or schedules in response to environmental or demand response signals inputs. The integrated optimization has significant effects on reductions in energy use and energy costs, reductions in peak load, and improvement of indoor environment quality without replacing the existing equipment. Most of previous research in integrated building control just focused on optimization of specific zone or some of the possible parameters. They also applied their optimization for the current hour without considering its effect on future-hours.
The main goal of this research is to develop an advanced building operation optimization tool for integrated control of lighting, shade, ventilation and heating and cooling systems for whole buildings to reduce building energy consumption, operation cost, and peak load while satisfying occupancy comfort. Also, this optimization tool is capable of coordinating integrated control and demand response by real-time modification of time-of-use prices that are received from utilities. In addition, it applies multi-hour optimization by optimizing several hours simultaneously and considering effects of current hour control parameters on future hour energy consumption.
As a first step, integrated optimization is investigated based on a developed and validated RC-network model of a typical small office building. Nonlinear optimization is applied to the RC-network model that is created in MATLAB. The optimization results show energy savings up to 35% more than the scheduled control. In addition, multi-hour optimization saved up to 4% of energy cost compare to optimization based on the current hour.
For more accurate building energy and cost calculation, using building simulation software is essential. In this research DOE-2 is chosen as an open source building energy use analysis tool and modified based on integrated optimization requirements by adding functions to DOE-2 source code. DOE-2 requires modifications to accept the control parameters' online and hourly bases. Accomplished modification is validated by simulating nighttime ventilation strategy. Also, the daylighting and window energy calculation algorithm is modified to operate based on shade position instead of just open or closed shade.
A building-integrated optimization tool is developed by integrating the genetic algorithm optimization method in MATLAB with building energy and cost calculation software (DOE-2). This integrated optimization tool simulates and optimizes building control parameters such as indoor temperatures, shade position, artificial light power, and outdoor air ventilation rates for an entire building. This optimization tool can be easy applied to any type of building and system when their models are available in DOE-2. Moreover, different strategies are proposed for increasing speed of optimization. First, a rule-based decision-making tool is used before integrated optimization that modifies the control parameters optimization domain. Decision-making rules are developed based on sample integrated optimization results. Second, the neural network is trained for energy consumption prediction of building based on energy consumption results from DOE-2 for random control parameters. This trained neural network is connected to a genetic algorithm and replaces DOE-2 for the energy consumption calculation. Finally, a local optimization method is used after the genetic algorithm to search around genetic algorithm results of control parameters for new control parameters with lower building energy consumption.
The integrated MATLAB and DOE-2 optimization tool is initially evaluated by investigating nighttime ventilation and shade position optimization. The results for nighttime ventilation optimization show total energy savings up to 8% and cooling energy consumption reduction up to 23%. Higher savings occurred on days with high diurnal temperature range and average outdoor temperature near 17 ˚C. The results for shade position optimization indicate that in hot days shades stay nearly closed since the effect of solar heat gain, which increases cooling energy consumption in addition to the detrimental effect of conduction heat transfer, is more effective and important than lighting energy reduction from daylighting. Also, in transient seasons when the building is in heating mode, shades mostly stay open since heat gain and illuminance transmission from windows reduce both heating and lighting energy consumption. In addition, using thick shades and a lower illuminance set-point give optimization more flexibility for energy savings.
Finally the integrated MATLAB and DOE-2 optimization tool for whole building energy optimization is applied to a typical office building in Montreal. The results show energy savings between 10% and 30%; also higher energy savings potential could be expected during transient seasons compared to very hot or very cold seasons. The results also show peak load savings up to 40%.
Keywords: building model, energy consumption, integrated control, optimization, DOE-2


In recent years, the hardware and software of video games has substantially developed. This led to rapid increase of the cost and time for creating high-quality contents for a video game. Therefore, once a game title sales successfully, producers tend to make that title into a series, because the content can easily recover the cost of development. However, it is rare for the original creators of a series to stay with it all the way through its life span, because game creators tend to switch companies frequently. In the present study, emotional features of musical pieces composed for Capcom's survival–horror title "Resident Evil," in which seven titles were released in the last 16 years, were rated using 24 semantic differential scales. The results showed that the emotional features of the musical pieces were constructed by "pleasantness" and "excitation" axes. On the two dimensional emotional plane, musical pieces were plotted for each title. The results of the distribution of the musical pieces were consistent for five titles. This implies that the musicians and sound engineers retained the original emotional features of musical peaces through at least five of the titles.


Social security fund management is a core curriculum of public management major, is the foundation of the labor and social security curriculum system, is also the skill that students are supposed to master. Case study is on the top of the list. However because of shortage of tools, the course has always been taught by delivering concept. The paper introduces actuarial technique into the course teaching of social security fund management, and improves the curriculum system by combining with the related teaching cases, which can be a good combination of theory and practice.


The corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis serves as a model species for studying fungal dimorphism and its role in phytopathogenic development. The pathogen has two growth phases: a saprobic yeast phase and a pathogenic filamentous phase. Dimorphic transition of U. maydis involves complex processes of signal perception, mating, and cellular reprogramming. Recent advances in improvement of reference genomes, high-throughput sequencing and molecular genetics studies have been expanding research in this field. However, the biology of other non-model species is frequently overlooked. This leads to uncertainty regarding how much of what is known in U. maydis is applicable to other dimorphic fungi. In this review, we will discuss dimorphic fungi in the aspects of physiology, reproductive biology, genomics, and molecular genetics. We also perform comparative analyses between U. maydis and other fungi in Ustilaginomycotina, the subphylum to which U. maydis belongs. We find that lipid/hydrophobicity is a potential common cue for dimorphic transition in plant-associated dimorphic fungi. However, genomic profiles alone are not adequate to explain dimorphism across different fungi.


In clause the urgency offormation of culture of thinking of the teacher of a polyart structure is considered (examined), the variants of modular training are described on the basis of integration o f arts. The examples of control questions assessment of levels forming of culture of thinking of the student are offered.


Since the establishment of the World Trade Organization, the adoption of the 'Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of...


This article explores the use of Augmented Analytics with the help of Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Processing Language (NL P) to boost Business Intelligence (BI), data sharing and data analytics using the concept of Big Data Analytics.


Layered multicast is a scalable solution to data dissemination over the Internet. The performance of layered multicast hinges upon the transmission schedule. In this paper, we study the scheduling problem in the layered multicast context. This work generalizes the extensively studied multicast scheduling problem (layered and non-layered) by introducing simultaneously the data popularity and the interaction among layers, and addresses the strictest L∞ objective, i.e., to find a schedule which is good for all individual layers. Compared to the previous work, this paper presents a polynomial-time approximation algorithm that uses a different approach and can address the general layered multicast scheduling problem with an arbitrary number of layers. This algorithm is 1.334-approximation for the two-layer case and 1.862-approximation for the general multilayer cases.


For answer see page 130 Figure: Axial (A) and coronal (B) T2-weighted fat-suppressed and large-field-of-view coronal short tau inversion recovery (C) magnetic resonance images of the right shoulder. A 41-year-old man presented with moderate right shoulder pain on abduction. He had a history of sudden-onset right shoulder pain (10/10 in intensity) at rest and profound weakness on right shoulder abduction 1.5 years earlier. The pain and weakness remained at the same level for approximately 2 weeks and then gradually improved. At presentation, the patient had pain rated 7/10 in intensity and muscle strength rated 4 out of 5 (5=normal) on right arm abduction, but no pain at rest. Significant atrophy of the deltoid muscle and mild atrophy of the right pectoral muscle were noted, in addition to numbness along the lateral aspect of the right shoulder.


Recently, a new technique using attenuation imaging (ATI) was developed to diagnose hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ATI for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis is influenced by liver fibrosis.


The aerosols collected by a low pressure impact on aluminum foils in Beijing city have been analyzed by static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The study has characterized a series of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) absorbed on the individual particle.


Thermally stimulated current (TSC) is developed and a new method for direct determination of trap level distribution in polymer film is proposed. In this method, a new function is defined to weight the contribution of a trap level to the current at any temperature. The demarcation energy is used to study the trap empty process. Analysis shows that only electrons with trap levels very close to the demarcation energy significantly contribute to the external circuit. Based on this method, the trap level distribution of polyimide is investigated. Experiments found that a broad peak appeared at about 440K on TSC spectrum. The trap level distribution exhibits a density peak at about 1.35eV. This is in accordance with the theoretical analysis by the proposed method which shows that only electrons with trap levels close to 1.3eV contribute to the current at 440K around.


Objective:To investigate the myocardial changes, espcially left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial ischemia, and their risk factors in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients.Methods:60 MHD patients were enrolled in this study. Cardiac structural parameters(including left ventricular end- diastolic diameter(LVDd), left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVDs), posterior wall thickniss(PWT), interventricular septum thickniss(IVST)) were assessed by Doppler echocardiography and ST-T changes were examined by electrocardiogram. Blood pressure(BP),hemoglobin(Hb),plasma C-reactive protein(CRP),parathyroid hormone(PTH),homocysteine(Hcy),albumin(ALB),pre-albumin(PA), transferrin(TF) and the assessment of the adequacy of hemodialysis(KT/V)were examined by routine methods.Results:(1)There were 80% of MHD patients with left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH).The level of LVMI had a significant positive correlation with SBp, DBp, Map ,CRP(r=0.362,0.374,0.389,0.635,P0.01),and a significant negative correlation with RBC, Hb (r=-0.337,-0.310,P0.01,0.05).The stepwise regression analysis showed that the LVMI level was most correlated to CRP and DBp.(2)There were 65% of MHD patients with myocardial ischemia. The group with myocardial ischemia had higher levels of Hcy and CRP than the group without myocardial ischemia(P0.01).Conclusion:[WT5"BZ]Most of MHD patients had LVH and myocardial ischemia, which may be associated with anemia, hypertension, chronic inflammation and hyperhomocysteinemia.


A method to prevent malicious software from running within a computer system is disclosed. A permutation is performed on a subset of instructions within an application program in order to obtain a permuted sequence of instructions on the computer system before any actual execution of the application program. A Permutationsfolgenummer the permuted sequence of instructions is stored in a permuted instruction pointer table. The permuted sequence of instructions is executed in an execution module that is able to translate the permuted sequence of instructions according to the Permutationsfolgenummer the permuted sequence of data stored in the permuted instruction pointer table instructions in an actual machine code of a processor within the computer system.


The two main purposes of clinical decision-support systems (CDSSs) are to provide healthcare professionals decision-making support based on evidence-based medical knowledge, and a continuing medica ...


A one‐dimensional position sensing device is described which produces an electrical signal proportional to the position of maximum light intensity imaged upon its light detecting element. The device uses a segmented photodiode but the position resolution is significantly better than the segment width, which is the resolution that would be obtained using a purely digital circuit. The device is also quite fast with a delay plus rise time of about 50 nsec.


The usefulness of wisely prescribed powered components in the rehabilitation of upper extremity amputees has long been recognized (Schmidl, 1973). Their value is especially evident in the prosthetic rehabilitation of high level adult and child amputees (Heger et al, 1985). In recent years, manufacturers of prosthetic hardware have provided practitioners with a wide selection of either myo-electrically or switch controlled electromechanical components and systems. As a rule, however, most commercially available components are designed to serve the adult amputee and do not lend themselves for use in the prosthetic rehabilitation of children. One current exception is the availability of child-size electric hands.


ABSTRACT Use of cellular phone while driving is one of the top contributing factors that induce traffic crashes, resulting in significant loss of life and property. A dilemma zone is a circumstance near signalized intersections where drivers hesitate when making decisions related to their driving behaviors. Therefore, the dilemma zone has been identified as an area with high crash potential. This article utilizes a logit-based Bayesian network (BN) hybrid approach to investigate drivers' decision patterns in a dilemma zone with phone use, based on experimental data from driving simulations from the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Using a logit regression model, five variables were found to be significant in predicting drivers' decisions in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks: older drivers (50–60 years old), yellow signal length, time to stop line, handheld phone tasks, and driver gender. The identified significant variables were then used to train a BN model to predict drivers' decisions at a dilemma zone and examine probabilistic impacts of these variables on drivers' decisions. The analysis results indicate that the trained BN model was effective in driver decision prediction and variable influence extraction. It was found that older drivers, a short yellow signal, a short time to stop line, nonhandheld phone tasks, and female drivers are factors that tend to result in drivers proceeding through intersections in a dilemma zone with phone use distraction. These research findings provide insight in understanding driver behavior patterns in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks.


First, set-valued order submartingale (supermartingale), i.e. set-valued version of real valued submartingale (supermartingale), is defined.Then, the selection and representative theorems of set-valued order submartingale with discrete parameters are studied.Finally, the selection and representative theorems of set-valued order submartingale with continuous parameters are also given.


This report discusses the impact of the social and physical environment on the potential for reproductive success of mammals in zoos. Several examples are provided of the importance of understanding the physical requirements as well as the mating system and social dynamics of a species (rather than just the group size and demography) when deciding on a management strategy. Additionally, the effects of social characteristics are stressed, such as familiarity on reproductive inhibition and stimulation both within and between the sexes and the impact these may have on the success or failure of a breeding program. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


The dual-signal receiver is a narrowband multi-user receiver, which allows the reception of two signals simultaneously transmitted over the same channel. To increase the receiver performance in a fading environment, antenna combining is applied and its performance is evaluated. Results obtained for the dual-signal receiver with minimum mean square error combining and null steering combining techniques are compared to both the theoretical optimum represented by joint detection of the two signals and to the results obtained for a conventional receiver with minimum mean square error combining. These comparisons show that the dual-signal receiver is able to achieve the performance of joint detection and outperforms a conventional receiver implemented with multiple antennas.


YUN AI is a research associate and post-doc at the National Institute of Social Development, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Her current research focuses on China's urbanization processes. TONIO ANDRADE is professor of Chinese and global history at Emory University and lives in Decatur, Georgia, USA. DAVID BACHMAN is the Henry M. Jackson professor of international studies at the Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, and is working on studies of China's defence industries. LUCIEN BIANCO retired as professor at the Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Paris. His most recent book, La récidive: révolution russe, révolution chinoise, is due in September 2014 at Editions Gallimard, Paris. AN CHEN is associate professor of political science at the National University of Singapore. MING-CHIN MONIQUE CHU is a research fellow at St. Antony's College and post-doctoral research officer in Taiwan studies at the School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, University of Oxford. Her research interests include the impact of production globalization on security, media and politics, notions of sovereignty and contested states, China's foreign relations, cross-Strait relations, and Taiwan's external relations. She is author of The East Asian Computer Chip War (Routledge, 2013). JULIA CHUANG is a post-doctoral fellow at the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University. CHRISTOPHER A. DAILY teaches Chinese religions and critical theory and the study of religions at SOAS, University of London. He is the author of Robert Morrison and the Protestant Plan for China. DEBORAH DAVIS is a professor of sociology at Yale University. Her most recent publications are "Demographic Challenges for a Rising China," Daedalus (April 2014), Wives, Husbands, and Lovers: Sexuality and Marriage in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Urban China (Stanford University Press, 2014) co-edited with Sara L. Friedman, "Privatization of Marriage in Postsocialist China" forthcoming in Modern China and "How Dynamics of Urbanization Affect Physical and Mental Health in Urban China," forthcoming in The China Quarterly, with Juan Chen, Shuo Chen and Pierre Landry. FRANK DIKÖTTER moved to the University of Hong Kong as chair professor of humanities in 2007, after many years at SOAS, University of London, as professor of history. He is the author of nine books, from The Discourse of Race in Modern China (Stanford, 1992) to the more recent Mao's Great Famine (Bloomsbury, 2010), which won the prestigious Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-Fiction in 2011. The Tragedy of Liberation was short-listed for the Orwell Prize. WENDY DOBSON is professor and director, Rotman Institute for International Business, University of Toronto. She is a former associate deputy minister of Finance in the Canadian government and chair of the Pacific Trade and Development (PAFTAD) research network. Her publications include "Will the renminbi become a world currency?" (2009), "The contradiction in China's banking reforms" (2005) and "Chinese SOEs and Canadian FDI Policy" (2014). THIERRY DODIN is a scholar of Tibetan and Himalayan studies associated to the University of Bonn in Germany. He is a former director of the Tibet Information Network and the current director of TibetInfoNet. ANDREW M. FISCHER is associate professor of development studies at the International Institute of Social Studies in The Hague, part of Erasmus University, Rotterdam. He has been researching regional economic development strategies in the minority areas of western China since 2001, including almost two years of accumulated 911


To the Editor: —With reference to the editorial on this subject inThe Journal, Aug. 26, 1916, it is not correct to say that "the only valid objections to pasteurization, if indeed they are sufficiently tenable to be serious, come from the pediatricians who look with fear on a possible damage to the milk in point of digestibility or liability to the production of infantile scurvy." With conditions as they are now or as they promise to be in any visible future, it has come to be universally admitted, so far as I know, by any one qualified to hold an opinion, that market milk should be pasteurized, by compulsion and under municipal supervision. Ask the milk-man; he knows, and, if he is frank, he will tell you how much milk he has had to refuse, this year in particular, as being absolutely sour and incapable of being rendered salable


Background: There is an increase in fast food consumption (FFC) among teenagers globally including India, but with a limited data on FFC, its influence on body weight, body mass index (BMI) in Indian high school students (HSS), which were analysed in this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey.Methods: After training the participants on various aspects of FFC, responses for the questionnaire were analysed the influence of various factors on FFC were evaluated.Results: Of 230 participants, 70% were females. The mean±SD age was 14.1±0.74 years. Seventy-three percent were regular consumers of FF. Only 5.22% were overweight. Regular meals were skipped by 74.3%. Influence of reviews by family, friends (76.5%) in deciding the dining place was high. Branded FFs (pizzas 58.7%, burgers 60.4%) were preferred but locally prepared, less expensive, easily available food (samosas 91.7%, puffs and pastries 90%, aerated soft drinks 86.1%) were consumed. FFC with friends (72.2%), family (71%) either at home (89.1%), near school premises (70%), school cafeterias (43.9%). Parents (100%) were aware of FFC by their children. Despite high awareness regarding the harmful effects of FF (79.1%), 73.6% continued FFC. Good physical activity was reported in 70.87%; active involvement in sports (60.4%) is associated with less FFC and skipping regular meals (27.0%) but statistically insignificant (p>0.05). None had any systemic disorder attributable to FFC.Conclusions: Regular FFC, skipping regular meals is high among teenagers. Parents were aware of their children's' dietary habits. Acceptance, affirmation from family, peers, promotes FFC.


INVESTIGATES STUDENTS' fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade reading comprehension of connectives. The study was carried out in three sections: 1] identification of various types of connectives and the kind of sentence structures in which they appear; 2] construction of a Connectives Reading Test; and, 3] analysis of results of Connectives Reading Test. Results showed that, for each grade group tested, there was an increase in pupil understanding of the items of the Connectives Reading Test and of each of 17 selected connectives, from a lower to a higher grade. Within each grade, at least five achievement groups were identified whose group means on the Connectives Reading Test differed significantly one from the other. Other findings indicated that, by connective class, comprehension problems appeared to focus on the test items containing sentence linkers. Of the 17 individual connectives, student comprehension of the items testing six connectives, however, thus, which, although, and yet were below the comprehension level of the total student group on all test items. A significant relationship was found between the understanding a child has of connectives and his sex, mental age, and abilities in listening, reading, and written language. Place of residence in urban, small town, or rural areas exerted a significant effect upon pupil test scores interacting significantly with both grade and sex factors.


ABSTRACT This study investigates price relationships between organic and conventional carrots, tomatoes, and lettuce in the U.S. utilizing Nielsen scanner data from 2006–2015. We employ a threshold vector error correction model (TVECM), threshold vector autoregressive model (TVAR), and threshold cointegration test to test whether market integration exists between organic and conventional vegetables as well as the existence of asymmetric price transmission. The results find positive long-run relationships between organic and conventional prices of carrots and tomatoes and show the existence of asymmetric price transmission in price pairs of lettuce and tomatoes. Our findings suggest that the price relationship between organic and conventional vegetables varies by characteristics, such as shelf life, volatility in the price premium, and substitutability.


DMB EPG Front System is indispensable,of which,the most important technology is data conversion and transmission.This paper firstly analyzes and studies a series of relative protocols,technical backgrounds,working principles of DMB EPG,on the basis of which,the data conversion of DMB EPG Front System is discussed,and the EPG data conversion based on XML is designed and implemented.In addition,a data conversion method based on Schema is presented.


This paper discusses Maslow's "Theories of self actualization",pointing out that the educational goal"self actualization" which Maslow had been pursuing,to some extent,shares the same end with that of the "Full development" theory in our country.So,inquiring into and assimilating Maslow's "Theories of self actualization" can give us an enlightenment to realize our educational goal.Meanwhile,Maslow's theories on creativity based on "theories of self actualization" may provide us a series of strategies to cultivation of students' creativity.


Productions of methanethiol, S-Methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) level and C-S lyase activities in flowers and leaves of broccoli (17 cultivars), cabbage and Chinese cabbage under anaerobic conditions were measured. Methanethiol production from flower buds was significantly higher (p<0.01) than that from leaves in cabbage, Chinese cabbage and broccoli. SMCSO content (p<0.01) and C-S lyase activity (p<0.05) were also significantly higher in flower buds than those in leaves. Among the 17 broccoli cultivars, levels of methanethiol in flower buds ranged from 1391 to 4302μ g/kg f.w. under anaerobic conditions. The maximum level of SMCSO content and C-S lyase activity were nearly double the minimum within the broccoli cultivars.


A listener is thought to be able to organise musical notes into groups within musical streams/voices. A stream segment is a relatively short coherent sequence of tones that is separated horizontally from co-sounding streams and, vertically from neighbouring musical sequences. This paper presents a novel algorithm that discovers musical stream segments in symbolic musical data. The proposed algorithm makes use of a single set of fundamental auditory principles for the concurrent horizontal and vertical segregation of a given musical texture into stream segments. The algorithm is tested against a small manually-annotated dataset of musical excerpts, and results are analysed; it is shown that the technique is promising.


We describe the purification of a novel hematopoietic growth factor from conditioned medium of a transformed macrophage cell line. The factor, termed chicken myelomonocytic growth factor (cMGF) stimulates the growth of chicken myeloblasts transformed by myb oncogene‐containing retroviruses and induces the formation of macrophage colonies in uninfected chick bone marrow cultures. The biological activity of the factor is destroyed by trypsin and by reducing reagents but not by SDS. Analysis of crude conditioned medium on non‐reducing SDS gels reveals two active species of cMGF with mol. wts. of 23 and 27 kd. Incubation of radioiodinated partially purified cMGF with myeloblasts demonstrates the specific binding of 23‐ and 27‐kd components under non‐reducing, and 25‐ and 29‐kd components under reducing conditions. Glycosylation inhibition experiments indicate that the larger molecules represent glycosylated forms of a single protein moiety. The 27‐kd species has been purified to homogeneity (80 000‐fold enrichment) and exerts its half maximal activity at 2 X 10(‐12) M and its maximal activity at 3 X 10(‐11) M. Antibodies prepared to purified cMGF completely neutralize the growth‐stimulating activity of the factor.


The autonomic nervous system is both the monitor and regulator of the 'mileu interieur. ANS regulates the activity of smooth muscle, heart, and glands of GIT, sweat glands adrenal gland and of certain endocrine organs. The assessment of autonomic nervous activity is a frequent and challenging goal of the clinical research. It has been found that hypertension is related to an interaction between the autonomic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system, together with other factors. Various common antihypertensive drug are used for treating hypertension like Angiotension Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors e.g captopril, enalapril, Angiotension II receptor blockers like losartan, candesartan Beta blockers e.g metoprolol, atenolol, Calcium channel blockers like nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil. The emphasis is on choosing the drug that best meets each patient need, according to factors such as age, ethnicity and presence of other cardiovascular condition.


Legal institution is very important in modern market-based economy system.Both the basic and main code of conduct among people and the fundamental orders of market transaction are defined by the legal institution,which have great influence and constrain on the behaviour of both side of the transaction.This paper tries to establish a game analysis framework to analyze and clarify the influence,especially the restriction,which the law institutions have on enterprise behaviors of avoiding non-clean opinions and on auditor's independence under the institutional background of China;Based on the economic and policy implication of the game results,we propose some suggestions for making policies and supervision measures,which are helpful to the sustained and stable development of economy in the post crisis age.


Based on the theory of gray correlation, this paper selects the relevant data of the mining structure and GDP of Henan Province in recent years, and uses the gray correlation analysis method to quantitatively analyze the degree of correlation, and quantitatively analyze the mining structure of Henan Province from 2008 to 2015. The relationship between various industries and economic growth. The results show that in recent years, the degree of correlation between the mining structure and economic growth in Henan Province is in the order of coal mining and washing industry>ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry>non-metallic mining and dressing industry>non-ferrous metal mining and dressing industry>non-metallic mineral products industry >Non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry>Petroleum and natural gas mining industry>Ferrous metal mining and dressing industry. The primary processing industry still occupies the main part of the existing industrial structure in Henan Province, and the raw material industry and processing industry are still the foundation of Henan Province's economic development. In order to make the mining industry make a more substantial contribution to the economic development of Henan Province, it is recommended that: (1) While attaching importance to the role of raw materials in economic growth, we should also attach importance to the coordinated development of the raw material processing industry, and face the deep processing industry as the economy of Henan Province. Contributions from development. (2) Take the intensive and efficient development path of "high technology content, good economic benefits, excellent mining structure, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution, and full utilization of the advantages of mining resources".


Using a unique data set on entrepreneurial firms in Cote d'Ivoire this paper analyses the factors which make an individual more inclined to start-up his own business and the determinants of entrepreneurial success measured in terms of firm growth, Entrepreneurial activity is found to be undertaken by individuals who succeed in increasing their entrepreneurial abilities and reducing the risk of starting a business through a learning process that takes place through ageing, professional experience, and apprenticeship or, alternatively, formal education. The learning process takes place both before and after entry into the industry, as firms grow into a large size. Firms of entrepreneurs with higher levels of formal education grow more successfully as entrepreneurs catch up for the initial loss of on-the-job training and reach higher levels of entrepreneurial efficiency. However, entrepreneurship and firm growth are strongly affected by failures in the labor markets and financial markets. These market imperfections result in high transaction costs with a negative impact on growth opportunities of firms.


Objective To probe into the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells BMSC) transplantation on expressions of Fas and FasL in rat retinal ischemia reperfusion injury RIRI). Methods Adherent screening method was used to culture rat BMSC in vitro. Thirtyine healthy adult SD rats were random divided into three groups: normal group( 3 cases),modl group( 18 cases) and BMSC transplantation group( 18 cases). The rats of model group and BMSC transplantation group were selected the right eye as the experimental eye and the model of RIRI was established,the normal group without any treatment. At 1 hour after RIRI,the rats of model group and BMSC transplantation group were separately intravitreal injected PBS buffer soution and BMSC,and then each group respectively were sacrificed 3 rats randomly at 2 hours,6 ours,12 hours,24 hours,48 hours,72 hours after RIRI,and eyeballs were extracted rapidly. he expressions of Fas and FasL were detected by immunohistochemistry assay. Results In normal retinal tissue,Fas was rarely expressed and FasL was in low expression. At 2 hours,6 ours,12 hours,24 hours,48 hours,72 hours after RIRI,the levels of Fas in model group were 20. 5 ± 0. 9) cell·mm- 2,( 263. 6 ± 15. 6) cell·mm- 2,( 583. 5 ± 15. 8) cell·mm- 2, 1184. 6 ±45. 5) cell·mm- 2,( 684. 5 ± 3. 5) cell·mm- 2,( 80. 6 ± 4. 5) cell·mm- 2,repectively,and in BMSC transplantation group were( 19. 8 ± 0. 8) cell·mm- 2,( 238. 5 ± 14.) cell·mm- 2,( 473. 6 ± 13. 6) cell·mm- 2,( 964. 5 ± 23. 7) cell·mm- 2,( 632. 6 ± 5. 8) ell·mm- 2,( 72. 5 ±6. 3) cell·mm- 2,respectively; The levels of FasL in model group were 42. 2 ±0. 9) cell·mm- 2,( 57. 3 ±0. 9) cell·mm- 2,( 365. 8 ± 7. 5) cell·mm- 2,( 1004. 3 ± 17. 9) cell·mm- 2,( 793. 5 ±8. 6) cell·mm- 2,( 210. 6 ±4. 9) cell·mm- 2,respectively, nd in BMSC transplantation group were( 40. 5 ± 0. 8) cell·mm- 2,( 55. 6 ±0. 7) cell·mm- 2, 351. 2 ± 6. 8) cell·mm- 2,( 992. 8 ± 6. 04) cell·mm- 2,( 683. 4 ± 12. 9) cell·mm- 2, 206. 3 ±4. 7) cell·mm- 2,respectively. Compared with the model group,the number of Fas/ asL positive expression at each time point in BMSC transplantation group decreased significanty. Fas had a statistically significant difference between 2 hours,6 hours,12 hours,24 hours, 8 hours groups( P 0. 05),FasL had a statistically significant difference between 12 hours,24 ours,48 hours groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion The expressions of Fas and FasL increase afer RIRI,but the intravitreal injection of BMSC can inhibit the expressions of Fas and FasL,which prove that BMSC transplantation has a therapeutic effect on RIRI.


We lack of effective supervision to Higher Schools ' Financial Affairs .The present state is far away from the requirement of new condition . The thesis will discuss the weak chains and how to enhance the supervision.


Abstract. Annually resolved tree-ring records extending back to pre-industrial conditions have the potential to constrain the responses of global land surface models at interannual to centennial timescales. Here, we demonstrate a framework to simultaneously constrain the representation of tree growth and physiology in the ORCHIDEE global land surface model using the simulated variability of tree-ring width and carbon (Δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotopes in six sites in boreal and temperate Europe. We exploit the resulting tree-ring triplet to derive integrative constraints for leaf physiology and growth from well-known mechanistic relationships among the variables. ORCHIDEE simulates Δ13C (r=0.31–0.80) and δ18O (r=0.36–0.74) better than tree-ring width (r<0.55), with an overall skill similar to that of a tree-ring model (MAIDENiso) and another isotope-enabled global vegetation model (LPX-Bern). The comparison with tree-ring data showed that growth variability is not well represented in ORCHIDEE and that the parameterization of leaf-level physiological responses (stomatal control) to drought stress in the temperate region can be constrained using the interannual variability of tree-ring stable isotopes. The representation of carbon storage and remobilization dynamics emerged as a critical process to improve the realism of simulated growth variability, temporal carryover, and recovery of forest ecosystems after climate extremes.
Simulated forest gross primary productivity (GPP) correlates with simulated tree-ring Δ13C and δ18O variability, but the origin of the correlations with tree-ring δ18O is not entirely physiological. The integration of tree-ring data and land surface models as demonstrated here should guide model improvements and contribute towards reducing current uncertainties in forest carbon and water cycling.


The teacher remains one of the most stressful occupations worldwide. stressful working conditions can impact employee well-being indirectly by contributing to negative health behaviours or by limiting an individual's ability to make positive changes to lifestyle behaviours, such as smoking and sedentry behaviour. However there is not much study on job stress manifestation done in Sarawak.


ENA NURHAENI. Cafetaria Feeding System of Local Seeds as Pigeon Feed. Supervised by HERI AHMAD SUKRIA and RITA MUTIA. Pigeon represent one of eater seed bird which were most often cared. The main feed of eater seed bird is seeds but generally the feed available in market still import though Indonesia have high local potency. The research aimed to identify local seeds as bird feed, to do feeding trial and to make diet formulation. Feeding trial is done during nine days use cafetaria feeding method. Twelve of five months-old of pigeon were selected for this study. Local seeds used as bird feed are corn, brown rice, black soft rice, shell of rice, barley, peanut, white millet, shorgum, green peanut and mustard seed. This design used pusposive sampling and survey located in Bogor area and Jakarta. The data analyzed according to descriptive. The result showed that pigeon more liked corn than others and mustard seed disliked than others. The conclusion of study reported that local seeds can created three of diet formulation based on cafeteria feeding. The best formulation with percentage corn 25.52%, brown rice 19.66%, black soft rice 17.61%, shell of rice 14.50%, barley 7.14%, peanut 6.33%, white millet 5.13%, shorgum 2.59%, green peanut 1.29% and mustard seed 0.24%


Since P2P (Peer-to-Peer) technologies has been widely deployed, P2P-based applications produce tremendous traffic to Internet service providers. It is hard to predict traffic pattern since data is exchanged between peers. This leads to burden to the ISP on desiging network management plan. In order to solve problems caused by P2P application, there are several activities such as IETF ALTO and ISO MP2P Framework. IETF ALTO can provide underlying network information, and MP2P framework is capable of providing peer's status and activity preferences that are gathered by PAMS. By the way, it is need to consider avoiding bottleneck problem that will be caused if many reports are concentrated into a server. In this paper, we describe a distributed peer activity management method and related issues to be resolved such as synchronization, procedures for server discovery, and procedures for probing remote peer's status.


Bishop K. C. and Simpson C. E. (1972) Components of change analysis: Problems of alternative approaches to industrial structure, Reg. Studies 6, 59–68. The article examines some of the problems of interpreting the results of the components of change technique as applied to analysis of regional employment growth. Even if used pragmatically in conjunction with other techniques of regional analysis, alternative definitions of individual industry structural components produce problems of interpretation. A synthesis of the methods normally used is proposed, enabling more meaningful interregional and intertemporal comparisons of the effects of industrial structure to be made. Numerical examples from the West Midlands are used in illustration.


The margin effect of infrared heating array on the flux uniformity on spacecraft surface is discussed in this paper. By adding a margin heating array with a certain angle, the infrared heating array can be optimized and the flux uniformity on pacecraft surface can be improved. Three modes are calculated and analyzed based on the geometry models of Monte Carlo simulation with different angles, and a method is found to optimize the margin effect of infrared heating array, which would be useful for the design of infrared heating arrays in many ways.


Using semiotic views to explain artistic cultural phenomenon is one way of revealing its construction and expression. The main function of any sort of artistic symbols is to convey affective information. Vocal art, from creation to aesthetics, contains multi-cultural elemnts like literature, music, singing and performance. Its productions, artistic representation and creation all embody the innate property constituted by plural cultural symbols, hence a typical comprehensive artistic form. This property must lead to the choice of opera——a comprehensive musical dramatic form.


DNA-profiling evidence has become ubiquitous in the UK criminal prosecutions since its first use in forensic casework in 1987. It has been lauded as a gold standard in court because the frequency of DNA types in the population is measurable; the results of DNA-profiling techniques were highly reproducible; and the forensic significance of any "match" between two profiles could be calculated by reference to the population data. More recently, however, jurisprudence from the United Kingdom indicates that the courts are willing to admit DNA-profiling results into evidence without statistics and without the level of reproducibility, reliability, and transparency for which DNA evidence has been lauded in the past. This article traces the trajectory of DNA evidence in the UK courts from its statistical origins, to its most recent manifestation based on the "experience" of the expert witness.

Keywords:

DNA;
LCN;
LTDNA;
UK;
statistics;
court


The cold rolled AISI-321 austenitic stainless steel after prolonged cathodic polarizations in an aqueous electrolytic medium of sulfuric acid containing arsenic (V) oxide [0.1 Μ H 2 S 0 4 + lg/1 As2O s(V) ] undergoes structural transformation involving macroscopic buckling, permanent bending, and eventual tearing along the edges. Microscopically, dislocation networks, stacking faults, and martensitic phases are observed with prolonged Η-charging. When compared to the charging of high Fe-C austenites, Fe-C system shows surface striations whereas none is observed with the stainless steel. While buckling and bending are also observed in FeC alloys, lathes-like α'-martensites are observed in stainless steel, while acicular types in the Fe-C alloys. The optimal cathodic polarization necessary to provoke structural deformation for Fe-C alloy is within 2200 A/m , while it is in the range is 50-5000 A/m for Type-321. Mössbauer effect measurements (MEM) show that both materials decompose with retained austenite in proportion to degree of hydrogen charging, with an upper limit of 63% transformation in Fe-1.5C, while a mere 13% in the case of AISI-321.


Using Derald Sue's framework for examining the counseling process with racial-ethnic minority clients, the author develops a new model to examine the career counseling process with Asian Americans in terms of culturally appropriate and inappropriate process and outcomes. Recommendations for culturally appropriate career counseling interventions are also offered from this integrated framework.


FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: unit has a case with radial blades. Each blade is provided with at least one lengthened slot for preventing rarefication downstream of the blade. The slot can be horizontal or vertical. Each blade can be provided with one horizontal and one vertical blade. EFFECT: enhanced acceleration characteristics and fuel economy. 4 cl, 6 dwg


Modal analysis of heavy mineral suites from the four sites of Leg 35 has revealed pyroxenes and amphiboles to be the dominant species. The mineralogies of sediments from the sites reflect their source rock type, Sites 322 and 325 having a common source of Upper Cretaceous intrusives from the Antarctic Peninsula, and Sites 323 and 324 deriving their terrigenous material from older metamorphics and intrusives from the area of the Eights Coast, and younger volcanics from the Jones Mountains, or Peter I Island. Relative degree of etching on clinopyroxene grains reflects the extent to which intrastratal solution has occurred. At Site 325, a sudden change in mineralogy, from a dominantly pyroxene assemblage to a pyroxene-amphibole assemblage above it correlates with an abrupt increase in intensity of etching as well as an increase in ice-rafting. A change in source rock type, related to the advent of a late Miocene or early Pliocene glaciation and attendant ice-rafting activity, is suggested as the cause. Glaciation may have eroded younger, less basic intrusives, and transported them from the continent, resulting in a changed mineral assemblage; alternatively, the increase in erosion rates caused by glaciation may have contributed to higher rates of accumulation and thus to a greater degree of intrastratal solution in sediments of high water content.


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The general goals of the BARD research grant US-4423-11 are to understand how Or regulates carotenoid accumulation and to reveal novel strategies for breeding agricultural crops with enhanced β-carotene level. The original objectives are: 1) to identify the genes and proteins in the Or regulatory network in melon; 2) to genetically and molecularly characterize the candidate genes; and 3) to define genetic and functional allelic variation of these genes in a representative germplasm collection of the C. melo species.  Or was found by the US group to causes provitamin A accumulation in chromoplasts in cauliflower. Preliminary genetic study from the Israeli group revealed that the melon Or gene (CmOr) completely co-segregated with fruit flesh color in a segregating mapping population and in a wide melon germplasm collection, which set the stage for the funded research.   Major conclusions and achievements include: 1). CmOris proved to be the gene that controls melon fruit flesh color and represents the previously described gflocus in melon. 2). Genetic and molecular analyses of CmOridentify and confirm a single SNP that is responsible for the orange and non-orange phenotypes in melon fruit. 3). Alteration of the evolutionarily conserved arginine in an OR protein to both histidine or alanine greatly enhances its ability to promote carotenoid accumulation. 4). OR promotes massive carotenoid accumulation due to its dual functions in regulating both chromoplast biogenesis and carotenoid biosynthesis. 5). A bulk segregant transcriptome (BSRseq) analysis identifies a list of genes associated with the CmOrregulatory network. 6). BSRseq is proved to be an effective approach for gene discovery. 7). Screening of an EMS mutation library identifies a low β mutant, which contains low level of carotenoids due to a mutation in CmOrto produce a truncated form of OR protein. 8). low β exhibits lower germination rate and slow growth under salt stress condition. 9). Postharvest storage of fruit enhances carotenoid accumulation, which is associated with chromoplast development.   Our research uncovers the molecular mechanisms underlying the Or-regulated high level of carotenoid accumulation via regulating carotenoidbiosynthetic capacity and storage sink strength. The findings provide mechanistic insights into how carotenoid accumulation is controlled in plants. Our research also provides general and reliable molecular markers for melon-breeding programs to select orange varieties, and offers effective genetic tools for pro-vitamin A enrichment in other important crops via the rapidly developed genome editing technology. The newly discovered low β mutant could lead to a better understanding of the Or gene function and its association with stress response, which may explain the high conservation of the Or gene among various plant species.


Strong-field gravitational plane waves are often represented in either the Rosen or Brinkmann forms. While these two metric ansätze are related by a coordinate transformation, so that they should describe essentially the same physics, they rather puzzlingly seem to treat polarization states quite differently. Both ansätze deal equally well with + and × linear polarizations, but there is a qualitative difference in the way they deal with circular, elliptic and more general polarization states. In this paper we will develop a general formalism for dealing with arbitrary polarization states in the Rosen form of the gravitational wave metric, representing an arbitrary polarization by a trajectory in a suitably defined two-dimensional hyperbolic plane.


The reviewers question the magnitude of increased water yields and peak flows after timber harvest of only 25 percent of the Brownie Creek basin. This is a concern, and one which the author and other reviewers shared when first analyzing the hydrologic responses of this watershed. This concern was answered, at least in part, by understanding the nature and juxtaposition of the paired watersheds and their hydrologic characteristics on the south flank of the Uinta Mountains. The bulk of hydrologic response is generated by runoff from the upper elevational quartizitic plateau. It is here, in the higher precipitation zones, that timber harvest treatments were concentrated. There is very little hydrologic response from the lower elevation outer flanks of the range. This is evidenced by the ephemeral channels prevalent in that area. The reviewers basic concern is that the magnitude of flow change attibutable to timber harvest (14.7 cm) was overestimated in the original analysis. This is based upon estimates of evapotranspirational change using an equation presented by Troendle and Reuss (1997). The analysis estimates pre-harvest water yield, using long-term average precipitation minus predicted evapotranspiration, as 27 cm (79 cm minus 52 cm), which compares favorably with pre-harvest water yields. Then if evapotranspiration is decreased 50 percent as a result of timber harvest on 25 percent of the watershed, resulting post-harvest water yield would be 35 cm (79 cm minus 44 cm). This is a 7 cm increase, or roughly half that presented in the paper. The author's estimate of water yield increase was based upon comparison of preand postharvest regressions of mean annual water yield at the NF Dry Fork gage versus mean annual water yield at the Brownie Creek gage. The preand post-harvest regression coefficents were 0.85 and 0.80, respectively, and the 95 percent confidence limits around the preharvest regression, as presented in Figure 2 of the paper, are fairly broad (+ and 5 cm). However, all but two of the actual post-harvest streamfiow estimates fell outside of the pre-harvest confidence limits (Figure 2), and year-to-year observations of post-harvest streamflow differences between the control and treatment watersheds were frequently greater than 15 cm (Figure 5). Using watershed-wide average precipitation minus evapotranspiration to represent water yield effects from timber harvest on Brownie and NF Dry Forks was not used in the analysis because timber harvest treatments were concentrated in the upper elevations of Brownie Creek Watershed (see Figure 1 of original paper). Because hydrologic responses are concentrated in the upper half of the watershed, treatment effects are not well represented by watershed-wide averages. Precipitation levels on the sub-alpine plateau, where the timber harvest occurred, are much higher (about 100-120 cm per year). Evapotranspiration levels are also much higher (about 70-90cm). Also, evapotranspiration may have been underestimated by the reviewers if the reported lodgepole pine basal area densities were used. The paper presented a mean of 5.4 square meters per hectare. The actual basal area density is 33.7 square meters per hectare. Also, the paper reported only harvested area of clearcut units (about 25 percent of the watershed). Total clearcut area resulting from both harvest units and road and trail clearing was not available. Given


The article motivates the urgent necessity for using the person-oriented means in the process of pre-school training taking into account the goal of intensification of this process. The article represents a model for organizing the pre-school training which allows to distinguish stages in the application of person-oriented means in the pre-school educational establishments and to improve the diagnostics of the adequacy of training of the pre-school age children for elementary education.


Objective:To establish and identify androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line LNCap by culturing LNCaP cells with gradual deprivation of hormone.Methods:LNCaP cells were cultured in the medium with gradual deprivation of hormone(treated by active carbon to simulate androgen deprivation)for 10 days;and then the cells were cultured with complete deprivation of androgen for 3 months till the cell entered the rapid proliferation phase again.The cell growth and expression of PSA and androgen were examined by CCK-8,immunfluorescence and RT-PCR methods.Results:LNCaP cells grew slowly after deprivation of hormone and took on a neuroendocrine phenotype and cluster growth pattern.After 3 months' non-androgen culture,the cells regained original morphology and growth.CCK-8 indicated that LNCaP cells could grow in non-androgen condition;immunofluorescence assay indicated that LNCaP-AI cells could regain PSA-secreting activity in non-androgen condition;and RT-PCR suggested that androgen was highly expressed in LNCaP-AI cells.Conclusion:Androgen-independent LNCaP cell line can be established by culturing with gradual deprivation of hormone for 3 months.


We analyzed the genetic polymorphism of eight red cell enzymes in samples from different geographical areas of Tenerife and the Iberian peninsula. The gene frequency heterogeneity found within the Tenerife samples was at the same level as that of Tenerife-mainland comparisons. The presence of the Negroid G6PD A+ allele in the Tenerife samples is evidence of an African admixture with a mean estimation of 4.5%.


Concrete is the most preferable and widely used construction material in the infrastructure development. For concreting and curing huge amount of potable water is required and it is difficult to get this at all places and all times. One of the best alternative solution for this problem is using the self curing concrete. In this experimental study the mechanical properties of hardened concrete by partial replacement of cement by 0, 40 an 60% of GGBS for M20 and M35 grades of concrete using 0.5 and 1 percent of Poly ethylene glycol as self curing agent. Cubes and cylinders are cast and tested at age of 7 and 28 days, for compressive strength and split tensile strength. The results of conventional concrete are compared with the results of concrete with GGBS and Polyethylene glycol 400 for both grades of concrete. The test results have revealed that addition of 0.5% of self curing agent show higher strengths for 60% replacement of cement with GGBS while 1.0% of self curing agent showed good results for 40% replacement for M20 grade of concrete.


Today,it has been well confirmed that muscle is a pool of adult stem cells which have multiplex differentiation potential.Researchers believe that there are at least two sorts of stem cell: muscle satellite cells and muscle-derived stem cells in skeletal muscle but muscle satellite cells take on the most.The article mainly discuss the isolation,culture,purification,identification of skeletal muscle satellite cell and the mechanism of its proliferation and differentiation.


This study is to provide basic data that helps strategic management of human resource through test of a mediator effect among organizational justice, organizational cynicism and job satisfaction of sports facilities employees. A total of 342 questionnaire sheets were used for this study. To analyze data, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis and regression analysis were used. The analysis was as follows: First, this study showed negative effects of distributive justice and interactional justice factors on organizational cynicism. At second, distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice resulted in positive effects to job satisfaction. At third, organizational cynicism resulted in negative effects to job satisfaction.


Background:  Electrocardiogram‐gated myocardial single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc‐tetrofosmin allows simultaneous evaluation of myocardial perfusion and function. In this study, left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular wall volume (LVWV) derived from gated SPECT were compared with measurements from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), performed within a few hours.


Herein, we show that scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is an effective tool permitting to disclose the nature of the colossal dielectric permittivity characteristic of CaCu_3Ti_4O_12 (CCTO) compound. SPM data confirm the existence of micro- and nanoscale barrier layer capacitance mechanisms which simultaneously contribute to the electrical conductivity of the material. The former mechanism is associated with the potential grain-to-grain barriers. The latter mechanism involves the barriers created by intragrain structural defects. The results of the SPM study shed new light on the origin of the colossal dielectric constant in CCTO.


for vertical axial-flow pumps. Input data for design of formed suction intakes according to the proposed algorithm are flow parameters of the pump nominal work point: • HN – nominal head of the pump, • QN – nominal flow rate. On the basis of these parameters, the pump selection is made from the catalogue, in which are given the geometrical parameters substantial for its' construction, including a diameter of an inlet. Most often, the inlet diameter of a pump is equal to the outlet diameter of the formed suction intake. Other dimensions of the formed suction intake are based on the diameter of its outlet according to the ANSI 9.8-1988 standard. Afterwards on the basis of this geometry and the nominal rate of delivery QN, numerical computations of the steady flow are carried out. Next stage of computations involves the geometric parameter optimization of the formed suction intake using one of the chosen design optimization methods. Objective functions in the chosen multiobjective optimization method are closely related with the two flow acceptance criteria given in the ANSI 9.8-1998 standard: • minimal possible liquid rotation angle in the pump inlet cross-section (standard recommends less than 5˚) • minimal possible non-uniformity of the velocity profile in the arbitrary point of the pump inlet cross-section to the average velocity determined as the quotient of a flow rate and the cross-sectional area of the pump inlet (standard recommends the acceptable nonuniformity limit up to 10%). Final design solution of the formed suction intake should meet the above objective functions. Flow delivery head to the pump HS determines unequivocally the location of the formed suction intake in relation to the liquid level in the lower reservoir (natural reservoir or the cooling tower container). In the article there are also introduced conclusions of the comparative analysis of the velocity numerical computations and measurements using the Pitot probe in the formed suction intake outlet cross-section, tested in the laboratory of the Turbomachinery Institute of Technical University of Lodz (Fig. 1).


Mobile ad hoc networks are infrastructure-free, pervasive, ubiquitous and without any centralized authority. These unique characteristics, combined with security threats, demand solutions for securing ad hoc networks prior to their deployment in commercial and military applications. So far, the research in mobile ad hoc network has been primarily focused on routing and mobility aspects rather than securing the ad hoc network itself. Due to the ever-increasing security threats, there is a need to develop algorithms and protocols for a secured ad hoc network infrastructure. This paper surveys the prevailing mobile ad hoc network security threats and the existing solution schemes


Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) has been studied in GaAs grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy. Samples were grown under As‐ or Ga‐stabilized conditions as well as in the transition region between the corresponding surface reconstructions. The layers exhibit different sets of DLTS peaks depending on the surface structure during growth. A minimum concentration, less than 1012 cm−3, was measured in samples grown in the transition region. The origin of the deep levels is related to the surface stoichiometry since the deep levels cannot be correlated either to the concentration of shallow levels or to chemical impurities detected by high‐sensitivity secondary ion mass spectroscopy.


The objective was to ascertain the perceptions of high school students about what appears to be context-Physical Education and their expectations for their classes. By expanding the research we can conclude that the high school students include physical education is important for development of quality physical activity. This study assails a survey of descriptive character. The student is motivated when the information transmitted by the physical education teacher, has some meaning to it, ie, content meets some of their needs and attracts their attention on topics of interest and current and is in congruence with the objective that we intend to achieve in the future.


A complete analysis for the deployment of a wireless sensor network in a vineyard is presented in this paper. First, due to the lack of propagation models for peer to peer networks in plantations, propagation experiments have been carried out to determine the propagation equations. This model was then used for planning and deploying an actual wireless sensor network. Afterwards, some sensor data are presented and finally, some general conclusions are extracted from the experiments and presented in the paper.


The widespread adoption of underwater wireless communications (UWC) has become an important research area to address a variety of military and commercial applications, and there is growing interest in investigating underwater environments in numerous applications. With the advancement of UWC, the underwater Internet of Things (IoUT) has emerged, and various practical applications are expected, and it is recognized as one of the promising technologies. Acoustic, optical, and radio RF carriers used for data transmission in underwater communication failed to provide expected results, so in this paper, we provided a comparative study of existing UWC techniques, their advantages as compared to existing techniques, and optimized methods for transmission and modulation, and it has been identified that the potential IoUT applications by overcoming the challenges possessed by the existing system. We analyzed how IoUT overcomes the challenges faced by traditional techniques of transmission and modulation without compromising the security measures and leads to more efficient communication with less power consumption and transmission loss.


This paper provides a unique perspective on the student learning outcome assessment process as adopted and implemented at Qatar University from 2006 to 2012. The progress of the student learning outcome assessment and continuous improvement efforts at the university and the initiatives taken to establish a culture of assessment and evidence-based continuous improvement within the university community are addressed. In addition, discussion is provided regarding the obstacles faced, possible ways to overcome these challenges and lessons learned from this experience. Finally, a list of factors that led to the successful implementation of the Student Learning Outcome Assessment System at Qatar University is provided that may serve to inform others engaged in institutionalising an outcomes-based assessment process.


Abstract: This chapter will discuss advances in the properties, production and manufacturing techniques of the advanced synthetic fibre/polymer composite materials that are utilised in the manufacture of machines that produce sustainable energy. Furthermore, it will suggest methods for the repair, maintenance and recycling of advanced polymer composite wind turbine blades.


Feedthrough logic (FTL) improves the performance of arithmetic circuits as compared to static and dynamic logic. This paper presents a circuit design technique to improve noise tolerant of FTL. However the noise tolerant of feedthrough logic is less as compared to static CMOS circuits. The ANTE (average noise threshold energy) metric is used for the comparison of noise tolerance of proposed circuit with the existing FTL logic. A 2-input NAND gate is designed by the proposed technique. Simulation results for a 2-input NAND gate using 0.18 μm. 1.8 V CMOS process technology shows that the proposed noise tolerant circuit achieves 2.3X ANTE improvement along with the reduction in leakage power and at 90nm the ANTE is improved by 2.1X.


racterised as in a state of anarchy?or rather insanity, when such examples of Cental obliquity, infantile credulity, and astounding self-delusion are exhibited to the world! Mr. Brookes, of Liverpool, was the accoucheur who brought into this world the following sample of the first-born of the matrimonial alliance under consideration. Sarah Badger, from her 14th year, was subject to epileptic fits?and from 14 17, was seldom many days without them. She ultimately became insane, and was confined in more than one work-house or asylum. She was therefore an excellent subject for giving birth to mesmero-phrenological bantlings?at least according to Mahomedan belief.


Taken an example of Hongyanzi shiplock,the mechanics performance is analyzed.The finite element model building,element cutting,load and constraint giving,solve method are introduced.The mechanics performance characteristic of amaalgamated shiplock bottom is analyzed.This can provide with science foundation for optimuism design.


Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory disease of uncertain etiology. OLP lesions rarely undergo spontaneous remission and have the potential to undergo malignant transformation. The risk of malignant transformation in OLP is estimated to be between 0.4% and 5.3%; two clinical studies in Korea reported the frequency of malignant change as 2.9% and 2.85%. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no individual case report in the Korean dermatological literature to date regarding the malignant transformation of OLP. Herein, we report the case of a 77-year-old Korean woman with long-standing OLP that underwent transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma. This is the first well-documented case report of squamous cell carcinoma that developed from OLP. (Korean J Dermatol 2015;53(8):635∼637)


We recognized that snow surface direct beam spectral albedo over a wide range of solar zenith angles can be derived by reciprocity from surface directional spectral reflectance under overcast conditions if the ground-level sky diffuse light is perfectly isotropic. Whether the method can produce accurate results under typical overcast conditions is the focus of this study. Theoretical analysis indicates that the error in estimation of direct beam spectral albedo by reciprocity should be proportional to the covariance of the zenith-dependent and azimuthally averaged sky diffuse radiation and surface bi-directional reflectance. Consequently, the error would be small when the sky diffuse light varies randomly. For general overcast conditions, therefore, we focused on situations in which sky diffuse light would exhibit a non-random variation. Therefore, we used a multi-layer zenith- and azimuth-dependent radiative transfer model to simulate both direct beam spectral albedo under clear skies and surface directional spectral reflectance under various overcast conditions. We assessed the feasibility of the reciprocity method in practical use through comparing the two sets of simulation results. The comparison indicates that the derived direct beam albedo in the visible wavelength region, the direct beam spectral albedo derived under typical stratus cloud optical thicknesses (/spl tau/10-60) are accurate to within /spl plusmn/0.01. for all cases except for extremely large solar zenith angles (>88/spl deg/). At near infrared to shortwave infrared wavelengths, results are accurate to within 0.01 for all zenith angles smaller than 74/spl deg/ at 862 nm and for all solar zenith angles smaller than 63 /spl deg/ at 2250 nm. Thus, the reciprocity approach can provide accurate direct beam spectral albedo complemental to those from the traditional method.


What is the socio-political and cultural impact of Islam in Asia and Oceania? What are the historical legacies of Islam in these parts of the world? What are the global perspectives through which the current Islamic socio-cultural and intellectual traditions in Asia and Oceania can be examined? What are the lessons that can be gleaned from the experiences of the past as the Muslim ummah faces challenges from within and without? These are the questions which the international conference on "Islam in Asia and Oceania" raised and tried to answer. This conference was convened by the International Institute for Muslim Unity (IIMU), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in collaboration with Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO), Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World (FUIW), and the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM). It was held at the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), Kuala Lumpur, from 9th to 11th October, 2012. With the theme "International Conference on Islam in Asia and Oceania: Historical, Cultural and Global Perspectives", the conference drew renowned scholars, researchers and students of Islamic history and intellectual traditions from different parts of the world. Papers presented at the conference were rich in analysis and intellectually stimulating, covering various aspects of Islamic intellectual, cultural, political, and social heritages in Asia and Oceania.


Acinetobacter baumannii, an emerging nosocomial pathogen, is increasingly associated with serious infections among hospitalized patients, especially those on life-support systems. A. baumannii has become resistant to almost all currently available antibacterial agents, including carbapenems, which were once considered the drug of choice for the treatment of infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. A. baumannii is notorious in its ability to spread among hospitalized patients and causes outbreaks which have been reported worldwide. The capability of these strains to circulate widely seems to depend on the expression of virulence factors that allow bacterial colonization as well as on the expression of antibiotic resistance. Biofilm production by A. baumannii appears to be one of the major contributing factors in colonization, notably of medical devices. This review explores published literature on the association of biofilms and MDR A. baumannii in hospitalized patients. An online search was made for articles of original work and reviews on biofilms production among Acinetobacter and their association with virulence. The articles were reviewed and results were analyzed based on biofilm production and the factors associated with it, namely biofilm cycle, biofilm-associated protein, chaperone-usher secretion system, and quorum sensing.


Coinsurance has differentiated effects that likely interact with financial constraints. We measure coinsurance of multi-segment firms using Granger causality between CDS spread-implied default risks of single-segment firms. Higher coinsurance results on average in lower cost of debt, higher leverage, higher cost of equity and unchanged WACC. Coinsurance lowers the cost of debt for financially unconstrained firms and increases leverage for constrained firms. Coinsurance lowers the cost of equity and the WACC only for intermediately constrained firms. Our findings indicate a wealth transfer from shareholders to debt holders and shed new light on the interplay of default risk and financial constraints. This version: January 11, 2021 JEL classification: G32, G33, L25


An organization's capability to learn and convey that learning into action quickly, is the supreme competitive advantage. The learning organization is the structure that eases the realization of such competitive advantage, it empowers employees, it deepens and enhances the customer experience and cooperation with main business partners and eventually improves business performance .Organizational learning is considered as the suitable process to develop knowledge resources and capabilities/core competencies (human capital, social capital and organizational capital) that engender ongoing values; which in turn yield persistence superior performance; which lead to sustainable competitive advantage within the context of the strategic management. Then, the learning organization provide the necessary organic structure involving the necessary disciplines, principles and policies; according to which the organizational learning process had to take place - in the light of the environmental surroundings- to equip the human resources with the updating knowledge, innovative capabilities, behaviors and culture representing the convenient intellectual capital to produce ongoing value stream. Such value stream deems as a sustainable competitive advantage for such organization. This paper, therefore, explores, discusses and analyzes the integrated role of Learning organization (as a structural entity) and the organizational learning (as an intrinsic know-how process) that takes place within such context; in helping firms working in the service sector in Egypt- whether they are public or private enterprises- to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, as the service sector in Egypt is almost the biggest and fastest-growing economic sector and represents almost 51 % of GDP. Whereby it embodies the locomotive of development for a developing country as Egypt.


Abstract : Various experimental data were obtained in the near wake region of a 10 degree angle sharp cone at free stream Mach numbers of 8.0 and 11.8. The Mach 8.0 tests were conducted at free stream Reynolds numbers of 300,000 and 1,700,000 per foot; laminar and turbulent boundary layers were obtained on the cone surface at these respective Reynolds numbers. Data obtained include radial profiles of temperature, pressure, and Mach number at axial locations between one and three base diameters downstream of the model. Heat transfer and pressure distributions on the model base were also obtained. The Mach 11.8 tests were conducted at a free stream Reynolds number of 600,000 per foot and the surface boundary layer for all these tests were laminar. Data obtained include centerline distributions of Mach number, pressure, and temperature for a distance between one and four base diameters downstream of the model. Centerline temperatures were also obtained in the recirculation region for model wall to stagnation temperature ratios of 0.06 and 0.47. In addition, total temperature profiles were obtained downstream of the rear stagnation point. (Author)


A number of contributionsp-a> both theoretical and experimental, on the possibility of a phase transition in two-dimensional ferro and antiferromagnetic systems have appeared in recent years. Much of the theoretical work has concentrated on the Heisenberg model which appears to have sufficient relevance to real magnetic systems to be an interesting object of study from a physical point of view. In a paper4l on the isotropic, two-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnet, Mubayi and Lange had developed a first-order Green's function theory which predicted the existence of a phase transition as evidenced by the divergence of the static susceptibility at a non-zero temperature. This result was consistent with the rigorous proof of Mermin and Wagner1> on the absence of spontaneous magnetization and the earlier predictions of a phase transition by Stanley and Kaplan2> from their analysis of the high ternperature susceptibility series. In a recent comment,5> Kenan has presented some arguments to show that the results of Ref. 4) are open to question. His objections may be summarised in the following points: (i) There is a lack of symmetry in the theory, in that the longitudinal and transverse correlation functions are not equal even in the paramagnetic phase. (ii) The near~st neighbour longitudinal correlation function r;=<S;,'Sl+u> becomes negative (in the limit of zero field) in a certain region of temperature, including the transition temperature. "Since negative r; corresponds to antiferromagnetic order" and Ref. 4) assumes a ferromagnetic coupling, its conclusions are open to doubt. The first point is a fact well known in all Green's function theories of ferromagnetism, viz., that any given decoupling approximation leads to results of differing accuracies for the longitudinal and transverse correlations. 6> • 7> The reason for this shortcoming is not difficult to see and lies more in the nature of the technique rather than in the inadequacy of any given decoupling approximation. In a Green's function theory based on the equation of motion of G(l> = !£.81. + (t); S1(t') )), the transverse correlation function <S1S;, + > is a first order quantity related to the imaginary part


The work exploits use of eco-friendly method to synthesis GNPs and tuning the optimum parameters using juice of Citrus lemon. The optimum yield of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was obtained when 100 ppm aurochlorate was treated with lemon extract at pH 2.5 and heated it to 1000C. The results were verified using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD and Transmission electron microscopy. The GNPSs were monodisperse and found to be 10-100 nm in size. The stability of the GNPs synthesised using biological protocols was found to be extremely high then the chemically synthesised GNPs when tested with 5M NaCl solution. The reason for high stability can be partly attributed to the encapping of GNPs with citrate.


Manikins and standardized patients comprise traditional nursing simulation modalities. Recent innovation in immersive technology makes simulation more affordable. These modalities include virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality. Each can be used to simulate low-frequency, high-risk patient scenarios for nursing students. Early studies show the use of immersive simulation improves motivation to learn, however more research is needed. This study examined the use of immersive simulation delivered via the Microsoft HoloLens, relative to a written case study and two-dimensional video. Nursing students across three levels of experience participated. Initial analysis of the data indicates the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey is a valid research instrument for measuring nursing student motivation to learn within the context of immersive simulation. Further analysis of these data can inform using mixed reality as a means of providing simulation to nursing students through devices significantly more affordable and accessible than traditional nursing simulation devices.


Political reactions to right-wing extremism are a seismograph for a society's democratic culture. A glance at Austria suggests that far-right politics is not limited to the so-called fringe but can actually be found at the centre of society. Therefore, the debate over that issue does not only imply the setting of outward boundaries, but it also includes the struggle for the democratic and, by extension, its normative foundations. This book examines parliamentary debates on right-wing extremism and far-right politics in the Austrian National Council during the period 1999 to 2013. Matthias Falter reconstructs four main argumentative frames and analyses their specific effects on the contestation of far-right ideology and politics.


In many respects, 2005 is beginning to look a lot like 2004. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA; Rockville, MD) is still promising the "imminent" publication of good manufacturing practices (GMPs) for dietary supplements.


We analyze a phase-sensitive contribution to the oscillating magnetoresistance induced by the combined driving of two microwave fields having commensurate frequencies ω1 and ω2 (m1ω1 + m2ω2 = 0 for at least a set of nonzero integers m1 and m2), based on the balance-equation approach to magnetotransport for high-density two-dimensional electron systems. This commensurate oscillating photoresistance not only depends on the frequencies and polarizations of both microwaves, but varies drastically when changing the relative phases of two incident radiation fields. It shows up most significantly in the case of ω2/ω1 = 3 and may lead to a phase-controllable change of more than a factor of two in the total magnetoresistivity in the vicinity of ω1/ωc = 1.5 and 2.5 (ωc is the cyclotron frequency), when both radiation fields are linearly x-direction polarized.


Prelithiation/presodiation techniques are regarded as indispensable procedures in electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems, which can effectively compensate irreversible capacity loss, raise working voltage, and increase Li+/Na+ concentration in the electrolyte. Various prelithiation/presodiation methods have been successfully exploited and a revolutionary impact has been achieved through the utilization of prelithiation/presodiation techniques. It is well acknowledged that different prelithiation/presodiation strategies possess their own specific mechanisms, which play vital roles in the advancement of EES systems. However, there has rarely been systematical reviews about the concept and progress of prelithiation/presodiation techniques. Hence, in this review various prelithiation/presodiation approaches are comprehensively analyzed and summarized, and in‐depth prelithiation/presodiation behaviors and other innovative applications (including optimization of separators, amelioration of binders, regeneration of spent batteries) are discussed in detail. Finally, suggested future directions of prelithiation/presodiation techniques are proposed and it is expected that these prelithiation/presodiation techniques could provide guidance for construction of advanced EES systems and propel the commercialization process with a focus on safety considerations.


The contents of total flavonoids in leaves from red raspberry were determined by spectrophotometric methods in terms o f rutin equivalent.In addition ,antioxidant activities of different addition amount extracts of l eaves from red raspberry in lard were measured by the oven stor age Test.The results indicated that total flavonoids contents of fresh leaves co uld reach 278 73 mg/100 g,and 533 71 mg/100 g for the oven dried leaves in th e same circumstance.The extracts of leaves from red raspberry ex hibited strong antioxidant activities on lard,and increasing with the addition a mount of the extracts raising.There was antioxidant synergy between vitamin C an d the extracts.however,citric acid had not in creasing effects.The antioxidant a cti vities decreased in the order of 0 02% quertin0 02%PG0 02%BHT0 4%crude flavonoid0 05%crude flavonoid+%0 05%V C0 2%crude flavonoid0 1%crude flavonoid0 05%crude flavonoid0 02%crude flavonoid0 05%crude flavonoid+0 05%CAcontrol.


The North American Linear Collider Detector group has developed a simulation program package based on the ROOT system. The package consists of Fast simulation, the reconstruction of the Full simulated data, and physics analysis utilities.


OFDM techonology find application in the High-Definition TV system.But the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR) is a main drawback in OFDM system.This paper make researches on the usual algorithms of reducing PAPR and propose a combined algorithm which is based on the PTS algorithm and Companding algorithm.Simulations results indicate that the PAPR of OFDM system can be efficiently reduced with low computational complexity by using the practicable combined algorithm.


The implementation of the new EU Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) is demanding the stakeholders to develop appropriate modelling tools to improve water quality and to optimise ecological resources. Based on these key points and on its experience in mathematical modelling, the research Centre CEIT and EPTISA, in collaboration with the Confederacion Hidrografica del Ebro (CHE), has developed a new water quality simulator as a first step towards the modelling of Integrated River basin Water Quality Management. Some of the main features of the developed simulator are presented in the paper. The hydraulic model is based on the resolution of the complete Saint Venant's equations. The four-point implicit finite difference algorithm solves these well-known equations numerically. The water quality model is based on the latest IWA River Water Quality Model Number 1 and presents some clear differences with respect to other existing models such as consistency, closed mass balances and easy integration with the Waste Water Treatment Plant models. The experimental validation that includes the calibration in winter time of the main model coefficients from both the hydraulic and the water quality models has been assessed on the basis of the experimental campaign carried out in a 75 Km branch of the Ebro River in Zaragoza (Spain). Some results of this experimental campaign are also presented. Transactions on Ecology and the Environment vol 65, © 2003 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541


Week-long integrated formaldehyde levels were measured over eight weeks in five new unoccupied energy efficient manufactured homes. These homes were constructed to the specifications set forth in the Model Conservation Standards (MCS) established by the Northwest Power Planning Council for site-built homes. The MCS standards exceed the Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) standards that currently apply to manufactured homes nationwide. Two of the homes were located at Richland, Washington, and three homes were located at Vancouver, Washington. Among other features of the MCS, the homes are equipped with air-to-air heat exchangers (AAHX) to supply additional fresh air ventilation. The first four weeks of testing were conducted with the AAHX off and the second four-week measurement period was conducted with the AAHX continuously on the HI setting. Formaldehyde levels ranged from 0.047 ppM the fifth week of the testing in a double wide home (with the AAHX turned on) to 0.164 ppM in the single wide home in the first week of measurements with the AAHX off. At no time did the formaldehyde levels exceed 0.4 ppM, the HUD targeted indoor level based on HUD codes for formaldehyde emissions from plywood and particle board building materials used in the homes. Theremore » was no strong correlation between formaldehyde levels and the measured air exchange rate. 9 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.« less