Biological imaging with a method for diffusion optical tomography is demonstrated. The present method is based on weight function of discrete model for scattering tissues. The weight function is given as a product form between sensitivity function and optical mean path length. The method is applied to two-dimensional imaging for inhomogeneous media by simulation. As results of the simulation, it is verified that the present method can extract parts with stronger absorption coefficient from backgrounds.


We investigate a number of iso‐energetic N‐body models of rotating galaxies, i.e. models that have the same total mass and the same total binding energy, but different amount of total angular momentum. These models are also in the same scalar virial equilibrium.We show that density waves grow so that a rotating strong bar is formed embedded in a rotating thick disk. The surface density of the disk has an exponential radial profile. On the disk, density waves form spiral arms. The longevity of the spiral arms increases with increasing angular momentum of the model.Separating the particles moving in regular orbits from the particles moving in chaotic orbits, we find that chaotic orbits have a considerably different spatial distribution than the regular orbits. Regular orbits form mainly a part of the central bar that works as a ballast for the stability of the bar. The disk and the spiral arms are almost completely formed by chaotic orbits. We conclude therefore that chaotic orbits can form disks with exponential surface density profiles, endowed with spiral arms. This new result reveals that chaotic orbits could be important in understanding the structure and evolution of exponential disks with spiral arms, at least in the case of strong bars.We investigate a number of iso‐energetic N‐body models of rotating galaxies, i.e. models that have the same total mass and the same total binding energy, but different amount of total angular momentum. These models are also in the same scalar virial equilibrium.We show that density waves grow so that a rotating strong bar is formed embedded in a rotating thick disk. The surface density of the disk has an exponential radial profile. On the disk, density waves form spiral arms. The longevity of the spiral arms increases with increasing angular momentum of the model.Separating the particles moving in regular orbits from the particles moving in chaotic orbits, we find that chaotic orbits have a considerably different spatial distribution than the regular orbits. Regular orbits form mainly a part of the central bar that works as a ballast for the stability of the bar. The disk and the spiral arms are almost completely formed by chaotic orbits. We conclude therefore that chaotic orbits can form disks with expon...


A group of 32 men undergoing bladder outflow surgery for high pressure chronic retention (HPCR) of urine were studied prospectively. At the time of treatment marked morphological changes in the bladder wall were demonstrated histologically, but after a mean follow-up of 42.9 months residual urine had decreased significantly and renal function had improved or stabilised in 28 patients (84%). Four patients deteriorated but in 3 of these another potential cause for loss of renal function was present. The majority of patients have a good long-term prognosis following treatment for HPCR.


An experiment was carried out to examine age differences in children's understanding of epistemic authority and its role in conversation. Two hundred and forty-six children from two age groups (6-7 and 11-12 years) were asked to make an independent judgement as to the equality or inequality of two lines in an optical illusion. Experimental conditions varied ; 'expertise' in the task was given by training in a measurement algorithm and 'familiarity with related stimuli' by being shown illusions other than the test stimulus in training. Subjects who had answered independently that the lines were equal in length were paired with a same-age subject who had responded that they were unequal, and the two were then asked to arrive at agreement. Results showed that younger children rely on external features of a situation in justifying their beliefs. Gender differences in conversations suggest younger children have difficulty differentiating status and knowledge attributes of authority. Older children displayed an awareness of self as a necessarily autonomous element in the process of knowledge acquisition. Unexpected gender effects of stimulus familiarity in the process of persuasion are probably due to differences in subjects' behavioural styles.


Using an observationally well-characterized case in southern West Africa, the role of sedimentation of cloud droplets in determining liquid water path and heights of low-level clouds, once established, is illustrated using large-eddy simulation and microphysical parameterizations with and without sedimentation. Controls by cloud drop number concentration (and drop size) on the extent to which sedimentation is effective in determining cloud height and water path are also discussed.


This study aimed to investigate the effect of fat‐layer thickness and focal depth on the pressure and temperature distribution of tissue.


I would be very thankful if you would publish in your columns "Letters to the Editor" these few comments concerning hospitalization of children:
 I have read with most interest Dr. Bongiovanni's Commentary (Pediatrics, 34:1) on the International Seminar on the Hospitalization of children as well as the letters of Dr. Wegman and of Dr. Meyer respectively published in the September and November issues of Pediatrics.
 As my contribution to this Seminar has been partly the subject of the discussion may I add some comments:


Inthis paper,weproposean adaptiveself-stabilizingalgorithm for producing a d-hop connected d-hop dominating set. In the algorithm, the set is cumulatively built with communication requests between the nodes in the network. The set changes as the network topology changes. It contains redundancy nodes and can be used as a backbone of an ad hoc mobile network.


Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have primarily been used to achieve therapeutic gene modulation through antisense strategies since their design in the 1990s. However, the application of PNAs as a functional nanomaterial has been more recent. We recently reported that γ‐modified peptide nucleic acids (γPNAs) could be used to enable formation of complex, self‐assembling nanofibers in select polar aprotic organic solvent mixtures. Here we demonstrate that distinct γPNA strands, each with a high density of γ‐modifications can form complex nanostructures at constant temperatures within 30 minutes. Additionally, we demonstrate DNA‐assisted isothermal growth of γPNA nanofibers, thereby overcoming a key hurdle for future scale‐up of applications related to nanofiber growth and micropatterning.


The purpose of this study is to survey the teachers' perceptions about the under achievers in primary English learning and to suggest some effective plans for solving the problem. The source of data for the study is a delphi-type questionnaire that was administered to 48 experienced teachers concurrently enrolled in a master program of primary English education. The respondents detailed their observations and opinions about the various aspects of under achievers in the elementary English class. Then they were also interviewed and asked for their suggestions and ideas to improve the performance of under achievers. In this paper, I suggest various types of teaching materials and some special program including a mentor-mentee like system to tutor the under achievers. Finally, this paper advocates for a more powerful governmental policy aimed at solving the issue of under achievement in the primary English education.


In this paper, we consider the problem of unsupervised discrete feature selection/weighting. Indeed, discrete data are an important component in many data mining, machine learning, image processing, and computer vision applications. However, much of the published work on unsupervised feature selection has concentrated on continuous data. We propose a probabilistic approach that assigns relevance weights to discrete features that are considered as random variables modeled by finite discrete mixtures. The choice of finite mixture models is justified by its flexibility which has led to its widespread application in different domains. For the learning of the model, we consider both Bayesian and information-theoretic approaches through stochastic complexity. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the feasibility and merits of our approach on a difficult problem which is clustering and recognizing visual concepts in different image data. The proposed approach is successfully applied also for text clustering.


Purpose – The purpose of this qualitative systematic review is to examine how the nature and quality of housing affect adults receiving support for mental health problems, focusing on the less considered structural aspects of housing. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic search identified relevant research. Data consisting exclusively of service-user testimony was taken from seven studies based in varied types of accommodation in England. A synthesis was carried out using thematic analysis, and a conceptual model developed based on the themes identified from the data. A literature review examines the context, with relevant material drawn from a variety of disciplines and professions. Findings – There were three main determinants of whether housing was a setting that enabled users to benefit from support and enjoy a good quality of life – "autonomy", "domain", and "facilitation". Secondary themes influenced these primary themes, or described respondents' condition or feelings in relation to their hou...


Power supply is a power switch, and using the comparison voltage is generated in accordance with the output control a switching operation of the power switch, a start-to sense the input voltage for up period to determine the clamping voltage, the start-while-up period a switch control circuit for the clamping voltage of the comparison to said clamping voltage.


Purpose: To describe the clinical course of a case of intravascular lymphoma. Design: Case report. Methods: Retrospective chart review. Results: A 56-year-old man presented with blurry vision associated with fever and decreased hearing. Ocular exam including fluorescein angiography and OCT was consistent with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome and the patient initially improved with corticosteroids. Clinical deterioration led to further systemic workup and revealed intravascular lymphoma. The patient was started on chemotherapy with resolution of visual complaints. Conclusions: Intravascular lymphoma can present as a masquerade of VKH syndrome. Diagnosis can be aided with measurement of LDH and skin biopsy.


A 46‐year‐old man presented with bleeding and painful sores around the anus of 2–3 years' duration. The lesions had improved with a course of oral antimicrobials prescribed by a surgeon, who had performed a biopsy reported as showing nonspecific changes. Topical corticosteroids had also led to improvement, accompanied by the development of painful "pimples." The patient had a history of recurrent oral herpes simplex, but denied other medical problems, persistent oral lesions, or human immunodeficiency virus risk factors.


In 2010, a new cipher Hummingbird ~\cite{hum2010} was proposed. It is a combination of both block and stream cipher and its design was inspired and motivated by the Enigma machine. The encryption process of the cipher can be considered as a continuous running of a rotor-cipher. Four block ciphers play the role of the rotors that apply the permutation to the 16-bit words. This cipher motivated us to investigate a new cipher design based on a Fialka cipher machine. Fialka M-125 is an Enigma based rotor-cipher machine used during the Cold War. It is considered one of the most secure cipher machines. Advantages of this cipher are based on the elimination of the Enigma's known weaknesses. There are no known attacks on this cipher. In this paper we introduce a new cipher based on the FIALKA machine. We transform the Fialka encryption algorithm to a modern stream cipher. The rotors are represented as S-boxes and shift registers are used to provide the rotor clocking. We propose three different versions of the cipher and investigate the statistical properties of their outputs. In the article we also provide basic implementation details and basic performance analysis.


As LLC resonant converter applied to various fields in recent years are developed, research has continued on integrated transformer that can not only achieve high efficiency, high density, but also reduce cost. In this paper, an integrated transformer structure and theory based design method that can precisely adjust the leakage inductance without an additional device are proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed structure, measurement results of high-frequency integrated transformer are presented.


Some researchers have tried to challenge the dominance of Gricean maxims in terms of its consistency. One way of testing it is by conducting research in vernacular language. This research is therefore conducted to revisit Gricean maxims in Manado Malay language, a language used by the people who live in Manado and its surroundings. This research, therefore, aims to find out (1) how the Cooperative Principle is violated in Manado Malay language, and (2) what the purpose of the generated implicatures are. The data used for analysis in this research were taken from recorded lunch break conversation of the lecturers at Unika De La Salle Manado in July 2016. The result showed that the Gricean maxims: maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation and maxim of manner were observed in Manado Malay language. It was also found that implicatures generated in Manado Malay language were meant for giving information. It can be concluded that Gricean maxims are consistent when implicatures occur in Manado Malay language. Furthermore, speakers of Manado Malay language usually produce implicature to give information and to joke.


ABSTRACT:
The polysemic term "competences" has been developed from different approaches and models in the international context.
The results of this investigation are shown through five models of professional competences, related with their corresponding international certificate of competence.
The models are classified according to the theoretical approaches developed by differents authors from a broad perspective: exogenous, endogenous, external and holistic. According to their assumptions implicit or explicit when formulate their hypotheses.
With each model of competence, a brief description its historical context is made in order to clearly establish the characteristics and principal findings. Finally, the models are analyzed and compared.

Keywords: professional competences; competence; certification systems.


ABSTRACT Morphological characters have been used effectively in classification of the banana family, Musaceae. Most taxonomic features are qualitative characters which require experience in evaluation and are subjected to individual opinions. On the other hand, though not many, quantitative characters can be directly measured on sites or from photographs. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficiency of these quantitative features in the classification of the banana family in Thailand. A total of 16 quantitative morphological characters of 143 accessions from 10 native taxa and one introduced Musella species were assessed. All quantitative data were evaluated by box-plot analysis, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. It was found that the quantitative data are useful in the classification at the generic level in Musaceae and at the sectional level of Musa. All three genera can be distinguished by pseudostem height, number of sucker plants and fruit pedicel length. At sectional level, number of fruit rows on mid hand can separate the sections Rhodoclamys and Callimusa from Musa and leaf blade length can differentiate Rhodoclamys from Callimusa. Interestingly, fruit pedicel length and fruit apex length which were used in Musa acuminata descriptors at subspecific level were not significantly different in this study. Keywords: Characterization, Morphometrics, Musaceae, Numerical Taxonomy, Phenetic analysis


In this paper, we first provide a very accurate estimation of the capacity of a single-input single-output system operating in a log-normal environment. Then, hinging on the fact that the sum of log-normal Random Variables (RV) is well approximated by another log-normal RV, we apply the obtained results to find the capacity of Maximum Ratio Combining and Equal Gain Combining in a log-normal environment. The capacity in an interference-limited environment is also investigated in this paper. The analytical expressions obtained match perfectly the capacity given by simulations.


The invention discloses a plasma cavity and a temperature control method thereof. The plasma cavity comprises a lower cavity, an upper cavity arranged above the lower cavity, a substrate support device arranged on the bottom part of the lower cavity and a temperature control module arranged in the upper cavity, wherein the upper cavity is provided with a side wall and a medium window covering theside wall; and an inner cavity of the plasma cavity is formed between the lower cavity and the upper cavity. The inside of the upper cavity of the plasma cavity is provided with the temperature control module which can independently control the temperature of the medium window covering the side wall of the upper cavity, so that the temperature of the medium window can reach and be stabilized at the set temperature; by the combination with the temperature control of the lower cavity and the substrate support device of the plasma cavity, the stability and the accuracy of the plasma processing technique can be ensured.


Abstract A relationship is developed between the value of a dosage isopleth downwind of a point source and the area enclosed by that isopleth. Equations describing this relationship are presented for stable, slightly stable, and unstable atmospheres. The equations for estimating the enclosed area are improved by the inclusion of a wind speed in the dosage term. The choice of a representative wind speed is discussed. These empirical equations are compared to similar equations previously developed, and implications of the differences are presented.


A simple model of photosynthetic oscillations is proposed and analysed. The model shows that interaction of ATP generation by photophosphorylation and ATP consumption in the two kinases of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle is capable of producing oscillations with observed frequency and damping. Simulation of the effect of the leaf phosphate status on the persistence of oscillations shows qualitative agreement with observations. The simplicity of the suggested model aids intuitive understanding of the modelling results and promotes elucidation of the mechanism of photosynthetic oscillations.


This paper is mainly discussed in areas under a unified multi-domain framework, the unified constraint expression of optimization simulation model and critical theory in the process of solving. Establish the multi-domain optimization simulation model of complex product, study the complex coupling between multi-domain constraint models, analyze the parameters sensitivity of unified constraint expression model and reduce the restraint scale. Using the principle of global satisfaction as far as possible, to achieve coordination of multi-domain constraints based on the component level, solving the Large-scale multi-domain unified optimization simulation model with the homotopy iteration method.


The author's clinical experience provides the basis for this guidebook on the specifics of glaucoma which outlines the various approaches to treatment and management and has been designed to provide for patient care. The latest advances and improvements in the field are discussed. Sections of the book address three major topics: diagnosis, pathology and management. The diagnosis section details glaucoma diagnostic techniques, including coverage of intraocular pressure, tonography and gonioscopy. Pathology looks at the key indications for glaucomatous pathological changes, such as optic disc cupping and visual field loss. Finally, management gives a survey of proven medical, laser and conventional surgical approaches used against the disease.


Mitochondria are organelles that play an important role in the cell's life cycle as the energy generating units. State-of-the-art imaging modalities, such as electron microscopy, allow researchers to study tissues, cells and sub-cellular organelles at high resolution. Recently, various works address the problem of segmenting mitochondria in electron microscopy images. Manual segmentation of mitochondria is difficult and may not have high accuracy as automatic segmentation can yield. In this paper, we present a deep convolutional neural network approach for automatic segmentation of mitochondria in brain tissue, specifically the CA1 hippocampus region imaged by an focusedion beam scanning electron microscope. The performance of the proposed method has been quantitatively evaluated. According to our experiments, deep convolutional neural network is a suitable solution for mitochondria segmentation. Results have been compared with previous studies that segment the mitochondria on CA1 Hippocampus Dataset. The proposed deep learning system produces promising results for segmentation of electron microscopy images.


This article summarises the development and use of intelligence tests in China. Part one introduces the historical development of testing in China and notes Western intelligence tests which have been adapted for use in China, as well as those developed by Chinese psychologists. Part two reviews research using intelligence tests in China including difference studies, correlation studies and studies of special groups. Today, more and more intelligence tests are being developed and used in China.


Correspondence : Abstract : Non adherence has been considered as one of the factors responsible for emergence of resistance to ART. There are many factors (like patient related, regimen related, social/environmental and adverse effect related factors) thought of responsible for non adherence to ART. The current study focuses on the assessment of factors affecting non adherence to ART. To assess the factors affecting non adherence to ART. This is a prospective study involving 200 people living with HIV/AIDS. The non adherence was measured using pill count method and factors responsible, were assessed using a pre structured performa. Higher non adherence was seen amongst > 60 years age group, females, unemployed, illiterate, living as widow/widower and belonging to lowest socio economic class. As evident from results from the study, the socio demographic groups showing higher non adherence should be provided special attention and motivation through special counseling sessions. Devices like alarm clock can be used to remind patients about medication.


AbstractNo one knows when the tradition of baking a great meat pie, to be eaten by the whole community, first began in Denby Dale, but this year, 1988, witnesses the bi-centenary of the first recorded pie. Such a significant anniversary cannot go unmarked, and the villagers of Denby Dale, true to tradition, will celebrate in grand style by baking their ninth pie. Generally speaking, a quarter of a century and more separates each celebration, so it is almost true to say that The Pie is baked once only in each generation. I have heard some Dalers say with feeling born of experience that 'once is quite enough'.


Optical spectra of few-layer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors reveal several transitions whose character and origins continue to be debated. We have studied hBN encapsulated few-layer MoS2 films using electroreflectance (ER) spectroscopy. Two strong features are seen in the reflectance spectrum of trilayer MoS2 around the ground state A–exciton transition. In ER, the corresponding features show opposite phase response to the applied voltage. Evidence from first principles ER line shape simulation and photoluminescence spectroscopy suggests that these two features are likely to be A[Formula: see text] exciton subspecies proposed earlier, whose energy depends on which layer the electron–hole pair is located in. The first excited state A[Formula: see text] exciton transition is also identifiable in ER. Through the two-dimensional hydrogenic exciton model, it enables an approximate estimation of the exciton binding energy E b. The increase in E b with decreasing film thickness, which originates from reduced dielectric screening, is phenomenologically analyzed through a film thickness and capping material dependent effective dielectric constant. Extending this idea, we show that the A[Formula: see text] exciton is mostly confined to a single S–Mo–S layer, as predicted by theory. An inter-layer (IL) exciton is expected in bilayer and thicker 2H-MoS2 films. However, we show that there can be bilayer films where the IL exciton is absent, which may be related to increased carrier concentration.


A difforent frequency generation of nonlinear optical crystals of AgGaSe_2 and AgGaS_2 has been analyzed based on the three-wave coupled equation and energy consesrvation in the phase-matching of type-Ⅰand type-Ⅱ.The theoretical curves of tunable wavelengths of different frequency generation with phase -matching angle have been obtained by numerical simulation.The tuning wavelength ranges of 4~13μm and 4-18μm for the AgGaSe_2 and AgGaS_2 crystal re- spectively with tuning angle ranges of 31.8~37.3 and 43.4~61.55 degree have presented as the pump wavelength used 1064nm for LiNbO_3 optical parametric oscillator(LN OPO).


Aiming at improving the performance of the existing for single-phase electric springs (ESs), such as the fastness of the voltage stabilization and the mitigation of the voltage harmonics across the critical loads (CLs), the dead-beat control cooperating with state observer is proposed in this paper. First, the δ control is reviewed, outlining its features of regulation of the CL voltage while keeping the ES operation stable. After describing the operation of an ES in the continuous-time domain by the state-space technique, its discrete-time model is formulated using the zero-order-hold (ZOH) algorithm. Then, the control system for an ES is designed around the dead-beat control cooperating with a state observer and implementing the two typical compensation functions achievable with the δ control, namely the pure reactive power compensation and the power factor correction. Results obtained by simulation demonstrate that the control system is able to both properly drive an ES and to implement the two functions. The results also show that the proposed control system has the advantage of eliminating harmonic components in CL voltage when grid voltage distorts.


Observational learning is one of the mechanisms of developmental change, and the skill of imitation is an important milestone in every child's development. In order to explain imitation, cognitive psychologists turn to a covert, complex learning process, whereas behavior analysts point to the skill of generalized imitation, which is shaped during ontology, and to environmental contingencies which determine the occurrence of imitation. In case of therapy for children with developmental disabilities, if one intends to produce new teaching methods based on imitation or to optimize the existing ones, it is important to understand the mechanism underlying this way of learning. The present article will investigate imitation from the perspective of behavior analysis and the social learning theory. Not only does the former approach provide stronger empirical basis, but it also enables the design of more effective teaching methods based on imitation.


Due to widespread broadband connections in normal households, the use of video chats via Internet is no longer limited to business meetings. However, the camera configuration usually makes it impossible to achieve direct eye contact between the conversational partners. This effect can be compensated using virtual view synthesis methods based on disparity maps. The virtual camera is positioned "behind" the communications windows and thus re-establishes the eye-contact. Obtaining a good disparity map is still a challenging problem and, with respect to video communication, must perform at interactive frame rates. In this paper we present optimized algorithms for disparity estimation that run in near real time. Recent developments in the consumer-hardware industry allow the implementation of complex algorithms for eye gaze correction, which can be used with relatively inexpensive out-of-the-box components. We employ the newly introduced OpenCL Framework and present an implementation of several optimized algorithms on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Our implementation supports different methods for cost-estimation and aggregation, which we can combine flexibly. We present a method to efficiently implement a dynamic programming approach on the GPU. Our contribution makes it possible to interactively change parameters of the algorithms and get instant visual feedback which is crucial in algorithm development and parameter tuning. We also show first results of virtual views that re-establish the eye contact.


A S EArLy AS fOurTH GrADE, wE bEGIN introducing students to the properties of arithmetic. The commutative property of addition and the commutative property of multiplication allow us to change the order of the numbers without changing the value of the expression. The associative property of addition and the associative property of multiplication state that regrouping numbers when adding and/or multiplying does not change the solution. The distributive property of multiplication over addition allows us either to find the addend of the numbers, then multiply by the factor, or to first multiply the factor by each addend, then find the sum. finally, the identity properties of addition and multiplication state that the value of any real number remains unchanged if zero is added to it or if it is multiplied by one, respectively. To most students, the properties look like a tedious exercise in exploring the obvious. The properties of arithmetic, like algebra, are often defined abstractly. Middle school students need to construct their own understanding of how arithmetic works to arrive at a basic understanding of algebra. Algebra can be considered a generalization of arithmetic, and the properties of arithmetic allow us to stand back from the calculation and look at the generalizations. Understanding the Properties of Arithmetic: A Prerequisite for Success in Algebra


A DC-DC converter topology is presented combining the soft switching effects of the Snubber Assisted Zero Voltage and Zero Current Transition (SAZZ) topology and the increased inductor frequency of the dual interleaved boost converter with interphase transformer. The snubber capacitors and output capacitances of the main devices are discharged prior to turn on using a single auxiliary inductor, eliminating turn on losses. Furthermore, the turn off losses are significantly reduced since the energy stored in the device output capacitance at turn off is recovered at turn on. The effectiveness of the topology is demonstrated on a SiC prototype operating at 12.5 kW, 112 kHz, reducing the switching losses by 50%.


Lanthanum manganite that have perovskite structure is an inorganic compound with the formula LaMnO3, usually abbreviated as LMO. This compound is consisting of oxygen octahedra with a central Mn atom. A perovskite LMO is a magnetic material that recently has been developed as an absorbent of electromagnetic waves. The single phase of magnetic material La1-XNdXBa0.2MnO3 (X = 0.0 - 0.8) has been synthesized using a solid reaction method and the effects of Nd3+ ion doping on phase changes and magnetic properties have been studied. Finally, the optimum composition of phase is obtained from this study as an absorbent material for electromagnetic waves. The single phase of magnetic material is formed on the maximum doping composition x = 0.6 with a composition close to the stoichiometric value. The doping treatment of Nd ions causes a decrease in the magnetic properties of the synthesized material, from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic. From the results of SEM observations, morphology in the shape of uniformly needle aggregate is seen on all surfaces with particle sizes of 600-700 nm. The material doped with Nd ion with x = 0.6 is the optimum composition, because the radar absorption at this composition is the highest result, with a reflection loss (RL) value reaching -14.29 dB at the bandwidth of 10.68 GHz.


For a signal intersection, the calculating value of traffic capacity is discrepant under different calculation methods. Taking two typical signal intersections of Wuhan for examples, three common methods (Norm Method, Stop-line Method, and Saturation Flow Rate Method) are used to calculate the traffic capacity respectively. And the calculated result is compared with the measured traffic capacity, so as to explore the most suited calculating method of traffic capacity for the native mixed traffic flow. Finally by analyzing this paper advanced the suggestions about how to choose traffic capacity's calculation methods at signal intersections in Wuhan.


The present status is analyzed from China's productive capacity, outputand consumption of highanalysis phosphate compound fertilizer in 2003, and some constructing projects, meaning a more intensive market competition soon. The suggestions are presented of improving fertilizer efficiency, producing specialty and various new fertilizers.


The master-servant relationship in South Africa is examined in the light of Melanie Klein's psychodynamic -theories. It is argued that mechanisms of defence identified by Klein, primarily denial, splitting and projection, as well as depressive guilt, operate in the master-servant relationship in this country. The first chapter clarifies the theoretical approach to i) the individual and society, ii) literature and social analysis and iii) psychoanalysis and literature. It is argued that individuals are at one and the same time both public and private entities, made by and making the society they live in. The notion that group behaviour is individual behaviour writ large is rejected and the way in which the master-servant relationship is used as a microcosm of the larger relationship between black and white in South Africa is explained. It is also argued that literature, not bound to specifics of time and place in the way statistics are, yet still rooted in the looser flow of everyday life as experienced by individuals, provides the social analyst with special access to the dynamics of a society. The value of a psychoanalytic approach to literature lies in the light psychoanalysis sheds on the function of metaphor,


The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 brought about the destruction of two symbols of American economic strength, the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. These towers remained standing for some time after the initial aircraft impact, allowing many occupants to escape, but eventually collapsed to the ground. Much research has been done to determine the precise mechanisms of collapse, but there is not yet a consensus. This thesis explores and summarizes the leading theories to date, with particular emphasis on the ongoing research by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Several ideas for improving building performance and for preventing progressive collapse are also presented.


The utility model relates to a groove pin machine cam of a multi-shuttle comb tricot machine, comprising a wheel disk and a shaft journal, wherein the shaft journal is provided with a shaft hole and combined with the wheel disk. The utility model is characterized in that the periphery of the wheel disk is an outer curved surface which is provided with an upward motion segment and a downward motion segment; the periphery of the wheel disk is a curved surface which controls the movement of the groove pin machine; a curved surface conjugated with the outer curved surface of the wheel disk is arranged on the opposite side of the shaft journal on the wheel disk. The utility model has the advantages that the structure is simple; the demand of the knitting craft can be met; and the productivity and the quality of the products can be improved significantly.


In recent years there has been increased recognition of the importance of high standards in ethics, governance and the integrity of research. This paper is a case study of the University of Bristol's approach to address these important activities in a Higher Education Institution. It will highlight the importance of working closely with the academic research community to ensure maximum engagement, leading to a sustained culture change that recognizes faculty and departmental specific needs. A key tool to ensuring high standards of research integrity and compliance with the legislative framework is the development of a supportive quality assurance programme.


Using newly developed techniques, some preliminary data on hydrogen sulfide in surface waters of the western Atlantic have been obtained. Concentrations of total sulfide range from <0.1 to 1.1 nmol/L, and vary on a diel basis. At these concentrations, sulfide may affect the cycling of several trace metals via the formation of stable complexes. Production of sulfide in oxygenated seawater may occur through the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide or by sulfate reduction within macroscopic particles in the water column. Removal mechanisms can include oxidation, complexation with particulate trace metals, and metal sulfide precipitation. However, the temporal and spatial distributions suggest a complex set of processes governing the behavior of sulfide in the surface ocean.


Objective To set up Chinese Head Trauma Data Bank and analyze the factors which may be related to the prognosis of patient with acute head trauma.Methods 11 937 cases with acute head trauma were enrolled Chinese Head Trauma Data Bank from 47 hospitals from December 2008 to December 2012,and all causes including gender,age,causes of trauma,GCS,ICP and cerebral herniation were analyzed to prognosis of patients.Results All factors were significantly related to the mortality and morbidity of patients except the gender.Conclusions Chinese Head Trauma Data Bank is established and offers the evidence of current status of head trauma in China,which provides the evidence for improving the outcome of patients with head trauma.

Key words:
Head trauma;  Prognosis;  Chinese Head Trauma Data Bank


One of the simple technologies that potentially improve communities' family economy is nata de coco production and preservation. Through community service program activities, the community was introduced and demostrated on how to produce and preserve nata de coco. The activities was conducted on Tanjung Pering village, a village that currrently under the Sriwijaya University Fostered Village Program, that is located in the North of Inderalaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. This activity aimed to introduce, train and transfer knowledge about the technology especially for low skills house wives and young women during their spare time as part of women empowerment strategy. And also for community who live around the Sriwijaya University Campus as part of Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi or university devotion programm for community. It is hopping that by this activity, the participants gained knowledge and skills so they can independently produce nata de coco for increasing their family income. However, this empowerment activity still requires the involvement of all stakeholders in the framework of community empowerment both from the central, provincial and district governments and universities, among others through continued assistance in developing the skills of its human resources and institutions.


To enhance the stability and rapid response of construction machinery multifunctional test platform,the dynamics and simulation model of the speed control system is established by using the PID controller to adjust the parameters,and through the impact step signal and the slope signal to simulate the sudden acceleration or decelerate as well as the speed steady change process of test platform.The results indicate that the reasonable simulation parameters have important implications on the system response and stability.After adjusting the parameters,the response time and overshoot of system can meet the short response time requirements and a small overshoot of construction machinery,the system has good speed and stability,the simulation curve to verify the theoretical analysis is consistent with the one of actual situation.1 tab,5 figs,10 refs.


Total thyroidectomy is associated with minimal morbidity. The electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing system is an adjunct to the surgical technique, recently made available to thyroid surgery.


Changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were studied in 16 lake-years during a large-scale experimental before–after study as part of the Terrestrial Riparian Organisms Lakes and Streams (TROLS) project. After forest harvesting, phytoplankton biomass and especially cyanobacterial biomass increased in some of the experimental lakes, up to an order of magnitude. Although the response of phytoplankton was not directly related to the intensity of forest harvesting, this large-scale experiment provided a unique opportunity for studying the effects of an increasing gradient in cyanobacterial biomass on zooplankton communities. Cladoceran size structure and biomass were negatively correlated with cyanobacterial biomass, suggesting that large cladocerans and especially daphnids were inhibited by the increase in cyanobacterial biomass. The increase in cyanobacterial biomass seems to have caused a significant reduction in the size structure of zooplankton communities. As no correlation was found betwee...


Traditional access control models cannot effectively manage authorization for independent and geographically dispersed information. This drives the research interest in more flexible and efficient access control approaches, in particular role-based access control. This report covers both RBAC subfields - theoretical modelling and practical deployment, provides an introduction and overview of role-based access control appropriate for the emerging world of virtual organisations and remote collaboration. We take a specific application area, distributed collaborative tutoring as pioneered in the MANTCHI project, and show the merits of the RBAC architecture for meeting its security requirements.


Cyclic loading tests on 690MPa high‐strength steel bolted extended end‐plate connections were conducted to quantify their plastic resistance and plastic rotational capacity under seismic loading conditions. It was found that current formulae in Eurocode 3 Part 1‐8 still arrived at good predictions on plastic resistance of those connections. It was demonstrated that given the bolt grade and diameter, the end plate with an intermediate thickness led to the largest plastic rotation. Such an intermediate, or optimal, end‐plate thickness indicates that the upper limit of the end‐plate thickness, which is now specified in Eurocode 3 Part 1‐8 to ensure a sufficient rotation capacity, should be levered up by about 40% for 690MPa high‐strength steels in seismic design. In such a manner, the maximum plastic rotation of the high‐strength steel end plate was around 0.02rad. In addition, the high‐strength steel shear panel was able to develop a plastic rotation of at least 0.035rad, thus qualified as high‐ductility class (DCH) in Eurocode 8. The weak shear panel contributed for more than 70% of the total plastic rotation capability.


'Shan-i-Punjab' is a leading cultivar of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) in Punjab. After harvesting peach fruits cannot be stored for a longer period under ambient conditions. To prolong the post-harvest life of fruits, an experiment was conducted during the year 2014. Physiological mature fruits of peach cv. Shan-i-Punjab were harvested and subjected to various post-harvest dip treatments viz. sodium bicarbonate (@ 0.5 and 1%), sodium benzoate (@ 0.5 and 1%) for 5 mins. Treated and untreated (control) fruits were packed in Corrugated fibre board CFB boxes and kept under low temperature storage conditions (0-10 C and 90-95% RH) for 6 weeks. Stored fruits were analyzed for various physico-chemical characteristics after 2, 4, 5 and 6 weeks of storage. Fruits treated with 0.5% sodium bicarbonate showed better results in terms low PLW (5.05%), high palatability rating (7.66), TSS (11.26%), acidity (0.70%) and PME activity (1.28 ml of 0.02N NaOH used) upto 4 weeks of storage as compared to control. It can be concluded that peach fruits of the cultivar Shan-i-Punjab treated with sodium bicarbonate @ 0.5% can be safely stored upto 4 weeks with acceptable quality under low temperature conditions.


The long-term dynamics of the internal kink mode are studied using the non-linear, two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) code XTOR-2F (Lütjens et al 2010 J. Comput. Phys. 229 8130). The dynamics of the internal kink are studied in resistive MHD plus transport, and, in addition, also including some two-fluid effects. The simulation results yield a pattern of kink cycles or stationary states with m/n = 1/1 helicity. The threshold for sustained (non-decaying) kink cycles, which characterize sawtooth oscillations, is shown to depend on the plasma pressure, the current and energy diffusion times, and the ion and electron diamagnetic drifts. In particular, the diamagnetic flow stabilization extends the cyclic kink regime into a parameter space that is adequate to carry out studies of sawtooth oscillations in ohmic tokamak discharges.


At present the optical methods are intensively used to study the protein folding process, their interaction with each other and with biological macromolecules.


Since the 1970s "Cultural Turn",translation studies have started to shift from traditional author-oriented view to translator's subjectivity and highlighted the translator's subject and creative status in translation practice.This thesis illustrates how Zhang Jinghao display his subjectivity through example analysis used in his translation collection of O Henry's stories entitled "The Gift of Magi",which further prove the significant importance of giving a full play to Translator's subjectivity.


Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of childhood Imaginary Companion (IC) in schizotypy levels of adolescents within the framework of the Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP).Method: Subjects were 96 adolescents (15 to 18 years old) voluntarily participating via either e-questionnaires on a website (N=56) or pen-paper method (N=40). Participants (61 females) were grouped based on the status of their childhood IC (with or without). Schizotypy dimensions scores were compared between these two groups. Thought Problems and Withdrawn/Depressed scores of ASEBA-YSR questionnaire were used as two scales to measure Thought Disorder and Detachment spectra of HiTOP model. Scores of these two spectra were compared between IC and non-IC groups. These two spectra were also correlated with Unusual Experiences (UnEx) and Introvertive Anhedonia (IntAn) dimensions of O-LIFE schizotypy inventory. Data collection was administered using a researcher-made questionnaire for IC status, Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) for schizotypy dimensions, and Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment-Youth Self-Report (ASEBA-YSR) for Thought Disorder and Detachment spectra of HiTOP model.Results: UnEx dimension and overall schizotypy score of IC group were higher than non-IC group. There is positive correlation between UnEx dimension and Thought disorder spectrum.


The purpose of this paper is to provide an efficient pricing method for barrier option with stochastic volatility and jump risk. First, by constructing a nonuniform variance grid and using local consistency arguments, this paper approximates the stochastic volatility jump-diffusion model with a finite and dense Markov chain; Then, the paper computes the rate matrix of the Markov chain by solving a system induced by local consistency conditions; And then the paper provides the character function of the Markov chain. At last, using Markov chain approximation method and Fourier transform technique, the paper obtains numerical solutions for barrier options pricing. Numerical results show that comparing with the Monte Carlo simulation, the proposed pricing technique is accurate, fast and easy to implement.


Adaptive fuzzy control is used to control a class of unknown nonlinear systems with perturbed dead-zone input in this paper. A new dead-zone actuator model which contains time-varying and perturbed actuation gain is proposed. The dead-zone nonlinearity is treated as a linear term, a nonlinear term and a disturbance-like term. Nonlinearly parameterized fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the unknown functions in the control design. The proposed control scheme ensures the stability of the closed-loop system and satisfactory tracking of the output to the given reference signal. A numerical example is included to show the effectiveness of the approach.


Galamsey operations are tremendously undermining the lands and endangering the livelihoods of farmers and as a result, the general aim of the study was to assess the impact of galamsey operations on agricultural lands and livelihoods of farmers in the Affiena community in the Wassa Amenfi West District of the western region. However, relevant literature was used to review the study in relation to its objectives. The snowball sampling technique was used to find hidden farmers who gave out their lands for galamsey operations. Moreover, the study involved 50 farmers who gave out lands and depended on both primary and secondary sources of data. Importantly, structured interview and observation were used to collect data. Furthermore, descriptive statistical tools such as the frequency and percentage distribution tables were used to summarise socio-demographic profile of farmers through the aid of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) computer software but basically, the data analysis was focused on both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The major findings of the study demonstrated that galamsey operations have resulted in uncovered pits, water pollution, school dropout, inadequate farmlands, and farm labours in the area. With reference to the findings, it was recommended that; first, policymakers should pass favourable agricultural policies to encourage farmers not to give out lands for galamsey operations and also attract adequate farm labours. Second, the government should call for strict reclamation of uncovered mining pits and persecute anyone who mines to pollute water bodies in the area. Last, non-governmental organizations should organize social and environmental sensitization crusades in the area to educate farmers and school dropout children about the need to stay away from galamsey.


To make the business process more flexible,many broadcasting and television operators adopt the workflow technology-based integrated business operation support system to create a flexible business platform.The workflow technology detaches the definition of the business process(process logic)from the implementation of the business functionality(application component),which enhances the flexibility of enterprises.The workflow technology,the workflow-based broadcasting and television BOSS architecture are described in detail.The actual application of the workflow technology in broadcasting and television BOSS is also introduced,which provides a reference to relevant enterprises.


Living and subfossil trees from glacier forefields are used to develop a 1119-year-long tree-ringwidth chronology. Strong cross-dating among ring-width series from sites up to 60 km apart and an analysis of sample homogeneity support combination of all samples into a single, regional composite chronology. Comparison with instrumental climate data indicates May through July temperatures of the growth year are the primary control on ring-widths. Multidecadal-length warm periods in western Prince William Sound during the past 800 years were centred on AD 1300, 1440 and possibly 1820. Multidecadal-length cool periods were centred on AD 1400, 1660 and 1870. This is the first tree-ring chronology from the Gulf of Alaska region to extend into the first millennium AD.


This work aims to improve reading comprehension and production of argumentative texts in ESO. To achieve this, we have designed an innovative and motivating teaching proposal, taking into account the digital competition, is working the argumentative text from different perspectives: written texts, oral texts (proceedings), visual texts (short films), and, even advertising. Also, we show the various ways in which the argument is used in order to claim a position and persuading about your convenience, in addition to the usefulness of Internet as an essential source of this proposal. We have selected argumentative practice the level of competition in 3rd of ESO, considering that competition is essential and everyday. That is, we wish to encourage critical thinking of students and teach them to defend points of views in an efficient manner. To carry out this research we have produced an initial test or pre-test and a final test or post-test and by comparing both will check the success of the proposal. We have chosen rubric as an evaluation tool, the rubric wich is developed according to the educational objectives set out in this proposal in order to facilitate the evaluation of this complex competition.


The description for this book, Catalogue of Italian Drawings in The Art Museum, Princeton University: Vol. I: Text; Vol. II: Plates, will be forthcoming.


Objective This study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and RAPD types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)and to reveal weather cross-infection occurs between the patients in ICU.Method The antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out with VITEK2-compact automatic system.The homology was analyzed by RAPD-PCR method.Results A total of 9 RAPD types were found among 29 isolates of PA recovered in the ICU.ONE patients had only one RAPD type and its drug resistance is stable.Others' RAPD types were different and become the other.Conclusions There was no correlation between RAPD types and resistant phenotypes;cross infection was not identified by antimicrobial susceptibility testing;RAPD analysis is a rapid simple accurate method,in favor of surveillance of epidemiology and infection control.


MS is characterized by chronic and immune-mediated inflammatory lesions of the brain white matter, disseminated in time and space. As the technology improved over the next three decades, MRI quickly grew to become the single most important paraclinical diagnostic and monitoring tool available. A lesion will be defined as having a high T2/FLAIR signal [≥] 3 millimeters in diameter. The purpose of this study, witch includes 95 patients, was to investigate the benefit of a computer assisted detection reading using combined automated co-registration and lesion color-coding method approach, over a conventional reading approach in follow-up examinations of patients with MS, especially regarding diagnostic accuracy, inter/intra-reader agreement and required reading time. The impact of the use of a structured report on these variables will also be evaluated. The main judgment criteria will be : diagnostic accuracy (effectiveness) to assess the progression-activity of the disease based on the appearance of a T2w-FLAIR hyperintensity or a T1w enhancement on the follow-up examination, compared between consensus corrected CADR and CR readings.The reading of the examinations will be made by radiologists and radiology technician.


ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History Revised format: November 2020 Available Online: December 2020 This study was conducted to evaluate the role of vocational training imparted by the Federally Administered Tribal Area's Development Authority (FATA-DA) in the socio-economic and political development of the tribal community in Pakistan. The survey was initiated in the year 2018 in FATA where 400 males in the age group (16-35 years) were selected for data collection through a disproportionate simple random sampling procedure. Cross Tabulation Analysis was conducted using SPSS. The result indicates that vocational training imparted by FATA-DA contributed very less to the socio-economic and political development of FATA's youth. Among 13 indicators, the impact on only 02 indicators was found significant for the treatment group. This study concluded that vocational training does have a contribution to the socio-economic development of youth but in the case of FATA-DA sponsored training, the result was not desirable. This might be due to certain quality issues that must be taken into consideration during initiating a vocational training program for the socio-economic and political development of youth.


Minkowski sums cover a wide range of applications in many different fields like algebra, morphing, robotics, mechanical CAD/CAM systems ... This paper deals with sums of polytopes in a n dimensional space provided that both H-representation and V-representation are available i.e. the polytopes are described by both their half-spaces and vertices. The first method uses the polytope normal fans and relies on the ability to intersect dual polyhedral cones. Then we introduce another way of considering Minkowski sums of polytopes based on the primal polyhedral cones attached to each vertex.


The present article is aimed at the study of the wastewater treatment efficiency by using the thermal-modified bentonite under the static condition.For this purpose,the article tested some important factors affecting the absorption process,including the type of the thermal-modified bentonite,the mixing time,the calcine temperature,pH value,the environmental temperature as well as the concentration of ammoniac nitrogen in the sewage.The results of our study reveal that the bentonite to be modified should be heated to the calcine temperature as high as about 300 ℃ in the optimum condition while the mixing time should be about 40 min with the pH value being in strong alkalinity of about 5 g.Ideal treatment effect proves to be achieved on the condition that the amount of the thermal-modified bentonite to be disposed is over 100 mL of ammoniac nitrogen sewage at the concentration of 160 mg/L.Only in such conditions,the technology may have a strong effect on the sewage up to the state discharge standard(15 mg/L).On the other hand,the environmental temperature does not have any important effect on the processing consequence.The treated aniline-laden sewage should come to GBJ 4—73.The results of our study also indicate that the higher the pH value,the better the absorption will be.On the contrary,the higher the concentration of ammoniac nitrogen in the sewage(its concentration has usually to be higher than 200 mg/L),the less desirable the absorption effect will be.And,if so,the absorption effect would fail to come up to the Freundlich Equation.The whole scheme proves to be rather simple and easy to be conducted.And,in turn,the cost is comparatively low,including a variety of agents and overhead consumption(about half yuan per ton of sewage treated).Thus,it will be a successful treatment technology to meet the demands of the large consumers.


Ninety six puerperal teenagers, age between 13 and 19 years old, hospitalized in a University Hospital of Porto Alegre, were prospectively analysed. Possible factors involved, including the use of anticonception and sexual activity, abortion and ignorance about contraception


The detailed and reliable reconstruction of the geological and thermal evolution of sedimentary basins forms the indispensable basis of any simulation of generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons. For this purpose - although often not taken into account - analysing and quantifying the uplift and erosion history is as important as the subsidence and temperature history. The reconstruction of the timing of hydrocarbon generation, petroleum expulsion and migration and the changing reservoir characteristics is only possible based on such an integrated approach. Applying this technique on the Carboniferous Ruhr Basin and the Lower Saxony Basin (western Germany) by utilising 1-D and 2-D forward modeling approaches resulted in important and new quantitative information on their temperature, subsidence and erosion histories which are of fundamental geological interest. The basin evolution models were calibrated using vitrinite reflectance data, fluid inclusion temperatures, and apatite and zircon fission track data. The detailed knowledge of the geological and thermal basin evolution then allowed in combination with a new kinetic model for gas generation from coals the modeling of generation, migration and accumulation of methane from Carboniferous coal seams.


Innate heat/vital heat is also known as hararat-eGhariziyah in Unani system of Medicine. It is well known fact that the innate heat acquired by external sources such as element of Fire at the time of conception and fertilization when the gonadal/seminal fluid of male and female unite, and then maintain by the atmospheric air and nutriment throughout the life. The relation between innate heat and human body and its physiological functions and observations can define with the understanding of ancestor's logic of relation of life with heat and cold with dead, for this reason every animate thing has heat. Aristotle stated in his famous book 'De anima' all food must be capable of being digested and heat causes digestion [1].


The significance of sheltered cultivation technology is discussed in the paper,and the main existing problems and the solving strategies are pointed out in the process of technology extension work.


The Broadcasting Code of Conduct (P3) is the provisions for broadcasters set by the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI). Broadcast Program Standards (SPS) is a broadcast content standard that contains the restriction, violation, and obligation set by the KPI. Insert is an infotainment program that aired on Trans TV. This study aimed to describe how the application of Broadcasting Behavior Guidelines and Broadcast Program Standards (P3SPS) on Infotainment Insert program in Trans TV. This study used descriptive qualitative method and used three stages of coding test, starting with open coding then axial coding and in proceed with selective coding, and do interviews and also observation. Based on research conducted, still found violations against P3SPS made by Insert program. That is in Article P3 Clause 9 and SPS Clause 9 concerning the right of privacy, then Article P3 Clause 14 and SPS Clause 15 on the value and norms of decency.


Correspondence to Dr William Checkley; firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT Introduction: Mechanical ventilation is a cornerstone in the management of critically ill patients worldwide; however, less is known about the clinical management of mechanically ventilated patients in low and middle income countries where limitation of resources including equipment, staff and access to medical information may play an important role in defining patient-centred outcomes. We present the design of a prospective, longitudinal study of mechanically ventilated patients in Peru that aims to describe a large cohort of mechanically ventilated patients and identify practices that, if modified, could result in improved patient-centred outcomes and lower costs. Methods and analysis: Five Peruvian intensive care units (ICUs) and the Medical ICU at the Johns Hopkins Hospital were selected for this study. Eligible patients were those who underwent at least 24 h of invasive mechanical ventilation within the first 48 h of admission into the ICU. Information on ventilator settings, clinical management and treatment were collected daily for up to 28 days or until the patient was discharged from the unit. Vital status was assessed at 90 days post enrolment. A subset of participants who survived until hospital discharge were asked to participate in an ancillary study to assess vital status, and physical and mental health at 6, 12, 24 and 60 months after hospitalisation, Primary outcomes include 90-day mortality, time on mechanical ventilation, hospital and ICU lengths of stay, and prevalence of acute respiratory distress syndrome. In subsequent analyses, we aim to identify interventions and standardised care strategies that can be tailored to resource-limited settings and that result in improved patient-centred outcomes and lower costs. Ethics and dissemination: We obtained ethics approval from each of the four participating hospitals in Lima, Peru, and at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. Results will be disseminated as several separate publications in different international journals. INTRODUCTION Mechanical ventilation has become a mainstay of therapy in the care of critically ill patients. Intensive care unit (ICU) practices, mechanical ventilation strategies and their social costs in high-income countries (HIC) are well documented. For example, in Germany, Chalfin calculated that ICU care comprised 20% of hospital costs. In the USA, Wunsch et al projected that 3% of inpatient hospitalisations required mechanical ventilation in 2005, comprising 30% of all ICU admissions and accounting for a disproportionate 12% of all hospital costs. Factors contributing to a higher cost of an individual ICU stay include sepsis and initiation of mechanical ventilation. 4 Despite the higher cost and quality of care that an ICU setting implies, mortality remains high. In the USA, studies show that approximately 30% of all patients requiring mechanical ventilation die before ICU discharge. A Finnish study estimated a 1-year mortality rate of 35% for patients receiving more than 6 h of continuous mechanical ventilation. In contrast, less is known in resource limited settings about clinical practices and mechanical ventilation strategies used in critically ill patients. Moreover, the burden of critical illness in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is higher than generally perceived and it is expected to increase with an aging population. 7 Esteban et al analysed data from 361 ICUs in 20 countries across the Americas and Europe, and showed a statistically significant mortality difference between the USA, European and Latin American ICUs for all patients receiving mechanical ventilation within a 1-month


Financial development promote economic growth,it does not affect the balanced development of urban and rural economic development will inevitably uneven,uneven economic development in urban and rural areas will eventually lead to uneven urban and rural incomes.This will select the country from 1978 to 2008,rural financial development indicators,urbanization,urban and rural areas and urban-rural income gap between the employment indicators,indicators of economic and social factors work together to build an econometric model of VAR.The results show that:rural finance expansion of the scale in favor of narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas,indicating the size of the total amount of rural finance to the rural economy has a certain role.The efficiency of rural financial development indicators and urban-rural income gap is related to financial efficiency,widening the urban-rural income gap.Finance for the financial support for rural SMEs can effectively narrow the urban-rural income gap,a long time,township enterprises do not have to be an effective financial support,which to some extent,also limits the income of farmers,also limits the township and village enterprises in narrowing the urban-rural income gap between the process play its role.


High temperature Raman spectroscopy of Sm doped CeO2/carbonate composite was measured in order to discuss the interaction between carbonate ion and solid oxide electrolyte at an interface in Sm doped CeO2/carbonate LT-SOFC. In Raman spectra with temperature of carbonate breathing mode of NK in initial heating process, whereas separated ν1(CO32-) bands assigned to Na2CO3 and K2CO3 are observed clearly at lower temperature, unifying of these bands was observed due to solid state migration of carbonates at temperature lower than eutectic point (983 K). Degree of migration is affected by apparent average thickness (AAT) and Sm amount in oxide. Solid state diffusion at temperature lower than eutectic point of carbonate mixture is assisted by coexistence of solid oxides.


Nodular fasciitis is a benign, rapidly growing proliferation of fibroblasts, which is histologically difficult to distinguish from neoplasms. In several reports, as many as half of all cases have been initially misdiagnosed as a fibrosarcoma or some other malignancy. Although the head and neck is a region of predilection in infants and children, only eight periocular lesions have previously been reported in paediatric patients. We present a case of nodular fasciitis which occurred in the periorbital region in a 1½-year-old girl. The process was excised locally in order to perform a biopsy. The mass was initially classified as a sarcoma but subsequently as infantile fibromatosis. Only after a thorough review of the case and four independent pathological consultations was the final diagnosis of nodular fasciitis confirmed. No further treatment was scheduled. Although the primary surgical removal of the tumour was not radical, no recurrence was observed during a 3-year follow-up period.


This article explores aspects of southern regional football identity through a case study of Portsmouth Football Club in the late 1940s and 1950s. Collectively, and as individuals, players from the Portsmouth teams of 1948-49 and 1949-50 clearly embodied the qualities of Holt's composite Northern Hero. The Portsmouth case suggests that distinctions between northern and southern football identities may be overstated. Important traits commonly associated with northern football teams and individual footballers were also in evidence in the Portsmouth sides of this period. Indeed the northern qualities appear to have been central to the club's success at that time and to have helped define local identity in relation to London and possibly the rest of the country. Moreover, as an example of a Southern Hero, Jimmy Dickinson embodied many northern as well as southern traits.


Person identification is of great interest for various kinds of applications and interactive systems. In our system we use face recognition and voice recognition from data recorded in an interactive dialogue system. In such a system, sequential images and sequential utterances can be used to improve recognition accuracy over single hypotheses. The presented approach uses confidence-based fusion for sequence hypotheses, for multimodal fusion, and to provide a reliability measure of the classification quality that can be used to decide when to trust and when to ignore classification results.


This paper introduces Korea Airport Corporation's own research and development contents and plans for navigation aids check using drone which is actively research and developed mainly in advanced countries. The hardware, algorithm, operating program of the drone system, the drone flight trajectory setting, and real-time measurement results were analyzed and verified. By securing domestic technology for the latest technology utilizing drone, we plan to promote more thorough aviation safety and advanced technology in related field and commercialized it in domestic and overseas.


ABSTRACT The success of gravitational separation of coal macerals for a given coal is dependent on the liberation and distribution of macerals. On a basis of four coals of varying ranks from high-volatile bituminous coal to low-volatile bituminous coal, this article presents the maceral liberation and distribution under various crushing degrees and predicts the maceral separation performance with various separation techniques. The determination of the Hardgrove Grindability Index of maceral concentrates was also performed. The liberation and distribution results show that vitrinite tends to be concentrated in particles with lower density and finer size, and good liberation performance of high-volatile bituminous coal is achieved by crushing to -3 mm. The medium-volatile bituminous coal behaved differently than the other three coals, which is confirmed by the relationship between HGI and coal rank as well as maceral composition. The prediction results show that there is good performance for high-volatile and low-volatile bituminous coals using the technique of crushing to -3 mm + density-based separation while good separation performance of medium-volatile bituminous could be achieved using a technique of 50 x 0.5 mm + density-based separation, not necessarily crushing. This study provides theoretical support of rational utilization of the coking coals using maceral separation.


As the dimensions of wet bulb depends on the important parameter such as hydraulic properties of oil, emitters discharge and the period of irrigation, the existed study was done in the GHAEM ABAD region of Kerman in a sand-loamy soil with discharge amount of 4, 8, and 24 lit per hour instead of different periods of irrigation in order to evaluate the ratio of wet bulb advances in the horizontal and vertical directions of oil under the emitters. The field experiment were conducted after the irrigation for determining the maximum diameter and depth of wet bulb in the different period finally, by using the dimensional analysis and BAKINGHAMN Theorem, semi experimental equation were achieved. The resulted equations were analyzed and they were assessed (synonym for evaluate) for evaluation the ratio of accuracy. The results show that the equations have estimated carefully the dimensions of wet bulb and they are useable in the designing of drip irrigation. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */
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Enhancing the construction of double qualified teachers' team is an important aspect to promote the development of higher vocational institutes.This article analyzes the current situation of teaching staff of higher vocational institutes and the necessity of cultivating double qualified teacher.It presents the method and measure of the cultivation which are helpful for enhancing the construction of double qualified teachers' team.


This paper questions established accounts of national identity and modernity in Indian art in the light of the experience of a princely state. The princely states were regions under indirect British control, ruled by maharajas, nawabs, etc., and their officials. The most prominent role in the story of India's artistic modernity is commonly assigned to the Bengal School, but the implied equation of India with one part of it may be misleading. Throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, contrary to the experience of British India, the boundaries of nationhood were already in place for the many princely states, large and small, which numbered well over 500 and together constituted nearly two-fifths of India. In many of these states the chief factor in the fashioning of identity was not nationalism, but modernity. Paradoxically, while the nationalist artists looked ever deeper into India's limitless past to define an Indian identity that stretched beyond current boundaries of time and region, in the princely states Indian-ness was an unselfconscious living reality. My study explores identity and modernity in one political and social context very different from, but concurrent with, the Bengal School – namely the state of Jaipur during the reign of Maharaja Madho Singh II (1880–1922). What were the terms for negotiating modernity and tradition in Jaipur? How was this particular negotiation reflected in the art and architecture patronised by the maharaja, and how did it compare with the contemporary architectural vision in British India? In exploring these questions, the sources used reflect indigenous voices of both British and Indian India.


Mήδεια (Medea), the tragedy written by Euripides (431 BC), refers to the story of a woman who seduced by her love for Jason, left her hometown of Colchis, and flew with him to Greece. Jason then betrayed Medea and got married with the daughter of Creon, King of Corinth. Medea, in order to get revenge, killed both Jason's bride and his father-in-law, and then, after slaughtering her own children, she left to Athens. The approach of Medea's personality, as a subject of this paper, takes place in the light of the ethical philosophy through comparative quote mainly of the representatives of the spirit of that period, sophists and Socrates, but also of later philosophers, such as Immanuel Kant. This contribution aims to demonstrate the timelessness of human experience through the centuries and explain why the literature of other cultures and eras continues to be of interest.


We first review some history of the Global Geodynamics Project(GGP), particularly in the progress of ground-satellite gravity comparisons. The GGP Satellite Project has involved the measurement of ground-based superconducting gravimeters (SGs) in Europe for several years and we make quantitative comparisons with the latest satellite GRACE data and hydrological models. The primary goal is to recover information about seasonal hydrology cycles, and we find a good correlation at the microgal level between the data and modeling. One interesting feature of the data is low soil moisture resulting from the European heat wave in 2003. An issue with the ground-based stations is the possibility of mass variations in the soil above a station, and particularly for underground stations these have to be modeled precisely. Based on this work with a regional array, we estimate the effectiveness of future SG arrays to measure co-seismic deformation and silent-slip events. Finally we consider gravity surveys in volcanic areas, and predict the accuracy in modeling subsurface density variations over time periods from months to years.


Please cite this paper as: Patel D, Nasir S, Elati A, Vernon G, Weeks A. Historical trends in the timing of informed consent for research into intrapartum complications. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2011.03204.x.


Abstract After cannabis, opiates are the world's second most widely abused illegal drug. Opium is the latex of unripe pods of Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy). Opium has been used traditionally for lowering blood lipids, and postpone cardiac diseases, as well as used for the treatment of diabetes and cancer. In eastern countries, the high prevalence of opium use could be attributed to high supply and conventional assumptions. Although, opium consumption reduced the levels of lipid profile and fasting blood sugar (FBS) in patients, while it also reduced left ventricle ejection fraction. Opium consumption increased inflammatory lung disease and risk of lung cancer as well as increased free radicals by activating lipid peroxidation.


Tracking down the evolution of the concept of citizen in the river of history and establishing a concept of citizen which is of universial significance are necessary for us to appreciate the essence of citizen in constitutional sense. The concept of citizen has undergone a series of evolution stages from integration of citizen with polis in ancient Greece, to separation of citizen's political status from its civil identity in ancient Rome, to excessive spread of subject consciousness in Middle Ages, then to the quiet emerging of citizen estate, to the uprising of individual idea of the concept of citizen in the neoteric bourgeois revolution, and finally to the legally determined extension and generalized intension of the concept of citizen in modern countries. This process of development shows that the concept of citizen all the time focuses on political rights.


Objective To asesses the efficiency of 32 P and diallyl trisulfide (DT)-coated coronary stents on neointimal proliferation in a canine model of restenosis. Methods 32 P (740 kBq/stent), DT (210 μg/stent) alone and jointly coated stents were deployed with mild oversizing in both the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of 10 dogs. The implantation of protein-coated stents was used as the control. The therapeutic effect was assessed 6 months after the intervention. The dogs were sacrificed and the vessels were excised. For morphologic examinations the tissue sections were stained with HE and Van Gieson. Results Compared with the control stents, the neointimal area reduced in stents coated with 32 P, DT alone and 32 P+DT [ 32 P:(2.63±0.48)mm 2, DT:(2.50±0.49)mm 2, 32 P+DT:(1.42±0.41)mm 2 vs control group:(4.87±0.80)mm 2, P=0.001]. 32 P+DT was more effective than either of them alone for reducing the neointimal area (P≤0.005). Both jointly and alone coated stents of 32 P, DT decreased the percent area stenosis [ 32 P:(32.48±4.79 )%, DT: (30.04±5.43)%, 32 P+DT: (17.21±4.05)% vs control group:(54.62±6.82)%, P0.001], whereas the percent area stenosis was significantly smaller in 32 P+ DT group compared with 32 P or DT-coated stents group (P≤0.001). Angiographic restenosis (diameter stenosis) was lighter in stents coated with 32 P, DT and 32 P+DT compared with control stents (P0.001). 32 P+DT was more effective than 32 P or DT alone for reducing diameter stenosis (P≤0.005). No evidence of 'edge effect' was seen in adjacent, nonstented coronary segments. Conclusion Coronary stents coated with 32 P plus DT produced a significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis rate in the canine LCX and LAD 6 months after stents implantation.


Microenterprises represent a large part of the business structure in Peru and employ the majority of the Economically Active Population, so their development and growth is of great interest. This study aims to define the impact and benefits of digital marketing on microenterprises in the city of Arequipa and the opportunity that this represents. The techniques of documentary observation, focus group, questionnaire and interviews were used to collect information. The research highlights the importance of digital marketing as it allows microenterprises to have a rapid and massive reach, and in turn obtain information from consumers for informed decision making. The study reveals that more than half of the microenterprises in Arequipa make use of digital marketing tools, especially in the growth stage (2 years in the market), being social networks the most used tool, mainly Facebook. In addition to free tools, a representative percentage of microentrepreneurs in Arequipa invest money on a monthly basis, especially those concentrated in the area of commerce and in the growth stage. The findings of this study contribute to the planning of strategies by microentrepreneurs in Arequipa. Key Words: digital marketing, microenterprises, digital marketing tools, social networks


upward and to the left by a tumour the size of a fretal head occupying the right side of the pelvis. The left ovary was normal except for a small cystic follicle. The tumour was removed, it measured 53 by 41 by 4 in. and weighed 1 lb. ION oz. It was encapsuled, smooth, and grey in colour. Macroscopically it was homogeneous, of a creamish hue, and contained a few small cystic spaces. Microscopically the structure was that of a granulosa-cell tumour of the folliculoid variety. A frozen section stained by scharlach-R showed a fair amount of lipoid both in the stroma and the cells. Follow-up.-Over two years after operation the girl was in good health. For three months after operation she had no menstrual loss. Then monthly periods began which have continued regularly since. The uterus returned to its normal *size. There is no evidence of a tumour of the remaining ovary.


The transition to mass digital education has aroused the interest of domestic and foreign researchers to discuss issues of the new educational reality and its impact on various aspects of higher education. This article joins this discussion. In particular, it examines the question of what happens to the social capital of students in the context of mass distance (online) learning. Following J. Coleman, the work analyzes the forms of social capital: trusting relationships and mutual obligations (mutual assistance), as well as group norms. In the latter case, we consider the self-determination of students as «students» or «non-students» as an indirect indicator. According to the study, online learning differs from offline learning regarding these forms of social capital. With online learning, level of student trust in fellow students and teachers decreases; they have fewer social contacts among them, to whom they can turn for help in matters of study and non-study. Students who self-identify as «non-students», as opposed to those who identify as «students», are less willing to build trusting relationships and networks of mutual assistance (mutual obligations) with fellow students and teachers. «Non-students» are more likely to study remotely, and they prefer online communication with teachers more. The general conclusion is that social capital decreases during online learning, which raises the question of the effectiveness of socialization of young people within this learning format.


Copyright  2017 irjpbs A system that can deliver drug at a controlled rate is very important for the treatment of various chronic diseases such as Diabetes, Asthma and Heart disease. Conventional drug delivery systems are known to provide an immediate release of drug in which one cannot control the release of the drug and cannot maintain effective concentration at target site for longer time. Drugs having short biological half-life and poor water solubility offers challenges in the controlled release formulation because of low dissolution rate and poor bioavailability. Hence to avoid these, various controlled drug delivery systems are developed. Among these Osmotic drug delivery system, utilizes the principle of osmotic pressure releases drug in optimised manner. Controlled porosity osmotic pump (CPOP) based drug delivery system contains active ingredient, osmogens, semi permeable membrane, channelling agent and water soluble additives. In this system, when water comes in contact with water soluble additives it results in an in situ formation of a Microporous membrane. The main driving force for the release of drug is osmotic pressure. Osmogens maintain concentration gradient across the membrane. The present study deals with Controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets and its basic components.


With their non-Abelian topological charges, real multi-bandgap systems challenge the conventional topological phase classifications. As the minimal sector of multi-bandgap systems, real triple degeneracies (RTPs), which serve as real 'Weyl points', lay the foundation for the research on real topological phases. However, experimental demonstration of physical systems with global band configurations consisting of multiple RTPs in crystals has not been reported. Here we present experimental evidence of RTPs in photonic meta-crystals, characterizing them using the Euler number, and establishing their connection with both Abelian and non-Abelian charges. By considering RTPs as the basic elements, we further propose the concept of a topological compound, akin to a chemical compound, where we find that certain phases are not topologically allowed. The topological classification of RTPs in crystals demonstrated in our work plays a similar role as the 'no-go' theorem in Weyl systems.


The Turbo decoding performance will suffer serious degradation under low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) conditions for the reason of residual frequency and phase offset in the carrier. In this paper, an improved residual carrier frequency offset estimation algorithm based on a priori probability aided (APPA) phase estimation is proposed. A carrier synchronization loop that combines the iterative turbo decoder and the phase estimator together is constructed, where the extrinsic information obtained from the Turbo decoder is used to aid an iterative phase estimation process. The simulation results show that the algorithm performs successfully under very low SNR conditions (for example, less than −7.4 dB) with large frequency offset and phase error and the performance of this algorithm is very close to the optimally synchronized system.


Following President Reagan's declaration of an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in March 1983, the National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere (NACOA) undertook a study to begin sorting out what implications the proclamation would have on existing and future oceans legislation and policy. As a result of this proclamation and the Reagan administration's earlier decision not to sign the Law of the Sea (LOS) Treaty, much discussion has centered around whether or not the United States should attempt to formulate a comprehensive package containing all oceans-related legislation. According to the NACOA report "The Exclusive Economic Zone of the United States: Some Immediate Policy Issues," most experts argue against such a move. NACOA agreed, recommending that a comprehensive oceans package is not needed nor even desirable at this time. Instead, NACOA argues, emphasis should be placed on assuring that existing U.S. ocean policy is "consistent" with the nondeep seabed provisions of the LOS treaty. NACOA is a Presidential advisory committee that conducts ongoing reviews of national oceanic and atmospheric policy and reports directly to Congress and the President.


We thank the editor for giving us an opportunity to respond to Dr Taffe's commentary on our study. As stated in the manuscript, emphasis should be placed on sensitivity, and both tools performed well in this regard. We agree that there is no statistical difference between the SCQ and DBC-ASA's specificity (.62 and .46, respectively, p5.15). We also recognise that this is a small sample (n549). Having acknowledged these facts, we maintain our assertion that caution should be used when interpreting results of the DBC in children and adolescents with significant behaviour problems. Our position is supported by the data and by examining item content (i.e., face validity). The data from the current study indicated that six out of six true negatives (100%) were below the DBC Total Behaviour Problem clinical cut-off. By contrast, only one of the seven false positives (14%) was below the clinical cut-off. These two proportions are significantly different on a 2-tailed Z-test (p,.05). The DBC is a well-developed and validated measure of behavioural and emotional problems for children and adolescents with ID. Increases in behaviour problems will, therefore, have an impact on the diagnostic validity of an autism algorithm derived from the same item pool. This is reflected in the relationship between the algorithm items and the Total Problem Behaviour score (r5.81, p,.001). Even when DBCASA items were parcelled out, the strong association between scores persisted (r5.58, p,.001). By contrast, there was no significant association between the DBC Total Score (with or without algorithm items parcelled out) and the SCQ Total Score. In terms of item content, a number of DBC-ASA items assess ASD core symptoms (e.g., Avoids eye contact; Aloof, in his/her own world; Arranges objects routinely in strict order; Repeats same word/phrase over). However, others do not (e.g., Deliberately runs away; Overactive, restless, unable to sit still; Lights fires; Throws/breaks objects). We encourage more research on this topic.


This article starts from the English skills requirements of vocational high school students and Level Ⅲ Exam requirements,point out that vocational English teaching reform should be combined with Level Ⅲ Exam,focusing on students' abilities,combining with teaching,learnin and doing,adapting them to the future occupational status,English proficiency needs to truly improve the quality of graduates.


Radio-frequency pulses are applied to probe and control the Larmor precession of a spin-2 Bose–Einstein condensate subject to a magnetic field gradient. Using the techniques of Ramsey interferometry and Stern–Gerlach absorption imaging, a helical spin pattern was clearly observed as spatial variations in the atomic density distribution. We experimentally show that the spin echo technique reduces the effects of spatially inhomogeneous and temporally fluctuating spin evolution, and improves the repeatability of the interferometry.


Constructing dams around the city of Tabuk is an important solution to controlling flood events, as well as increasing surface water budget and creating ground water recharge spots. The success of this effort is mainly based on locating the best site for a dam in the area. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the use of remote sensing, and geographic information system in dam site selection within the context of a catchment scale. Digital Elevation Model was used from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER 30m) to characterise the catchment area. Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus images (ETM+) from LandSat 7 were used to classify the land cover in the study area. Several software packages such as ERDAS 11, Global Mapper 15.2 and ArcGIS 10.1 were used to construct and process the basic database. In addition, model builder from ArcGIS 10.1 was employed to construct a simplified model and integratesraster and vector datasets. The parameters of this model were: catchment slope (less 3%), delineation network order more than or equal to 7 and Runoff Coefficient (0.4). Six suitable locations were chosen: Wadi Dam in connection with Wadi Al Baqqr, Wadi Na'am, Wadi Atanah, Wadi Abu Nishayfah A, Wadi Abu Nishayfah B and Qa'a Sharawra.


In this paper, we proposed a new method for image registration which the registration parameters are translation and rotation. This method is based on physical forces. A unique feature of the proposed method is that it assumes images like charged materials that attract each other. We can also assume one of the images like a hole and another one like a material that fill the hole. In both cases one of the images moves in the same direction as the applied force and the other one is still. It moves consequently until the resultant force is equal to zero. This approach does not estimate these parameters separately. They are estimated simultaneously leading to a better optimized set of registration parameters. We compute the order of this algorithm on 2D and 3D Images. We show that the approach is successful and yields to better results than MI and correlation-like methods.


Woman writing" is a peculiar of the Chinese modern literary history. Her appearance at first promotes the woman writer to come on the history stage. Her appearance is based on the "New period woman writing".The modern woman writing is famous for the feminine consciousness showing. But the feminine consciousness development doesn't balance during about 30 years. In every course and every period she has herself incline and supplement. The paper deals with the feminine consciousness of every course and period at the modern women writing completely,in order to comprehense the consciousness development completely.