Summary
Horses with anhidrosis are defined by signs of impaired thermoregulation caused by sweating that is inadequate for the ambient conditions. Anhidrosis has been recognised since the early twentieth century; affected horses have been variably described as nonsweaters, drycoats, blowers or puffers. The condition affects horses of all age groups, breeds, coat colours, genders and activities and is common among horses in hot, humid environments. Despite the enormous financial and emotional costs of anhidrosis, the causes and pathogenesis of the condition are largely unknown and no consistently effective treatment has been found.


Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithel ial neoplasm arising in apocrine gland-bearing skin. EMPD may be regarded as a skin marker of associated malignancy because it tends to combine a variety of underlying malignancies in up to 50% of cases. Herein a case of gastric cancer diagnosed in a patient with extramammary Paget's disease of the scrotum is reported. The patient was a 65-year-old man whose chief complaint was exanthema of the right scrotum of 3 years duration. Biopsy samples taken from patient showed large, round cells with clear cytoplasm in the epidermis. The final diagnosis was EMPD of the scrotum. The extensive workups, including tumor marker, imaging studies and endoscopy to exclude associated malignancy were performed. Examination of the endoscopic gastric biopsy specimen revealed an adenocarcinoma of the stomach. On the basis of this result, a radical subtotal gastrectomy was successfully performed. This case suggests that, in cases of EMPD, the clinicians should consider the possibility of underlying malignancies and thoroughly examine not only the urogenital tract and lower gastrointestinal tract, but also the visceral organs, such as the stomach, even if there are no clinical symptoms of malignancy.


This document focuses on the requirements analysis and design of the SemBiz BPMSuite. To identify the requirements, we analyze the pre-requisites of the BPM suite; these consist of the basic concepts for Semantic Business Process Management, the Business Process Modeling Ontology developed in the SemBiz deliverable 1.1 and the currently existing approaches. Based on the identified requirements, the SemBiz Suite is designed. The proposed architecture may be modified in the following period, according to the use-cases provided by the industrial partners.


Investigations using mechanical stimulation to measure lingual threshold sensitivity have resulted in conflicting assumptions concerning the nature of underlying neural transducers. A basic question concerns whether or not exteroceptive touch receptors in the lingual surface summate energy in response to displacement of tissues. This study tested the hypothesis that these receptors would demonstrate temporal summation as a function of pulse duration time. The stimulus unit included an audio oscillator, frequency counter, electronic switch, interval timer, amplifier, and electromagnetic vibrator. The measurement unit consisted of an accelerometer, cathode follower, microphone amplifier, and vacuum‐tube volt‐meter. Vibrotactile lingual thresholds for 250 Hz were obtained for four groups of normal speaking adult subjects using respective pulse duration times of 50, 100, 200, and 400 msec. Peak values were recorded in millivolts and converted to dB re one micron rms. Temporal summation was observed up to 200 ...


In reviewing the literature of the past three or four years on asthma, one of the outstanding facts is the swing of opinion back to the acceptance of the nose and nasal accessory sinuses as a contributing factor, if not the seat of the nervous reflex that causes the spasms called asthma. In 1872, Voltolini 1 published a report of eleven cases of asthma with nasal polypi in which the patients were relieved by removal of the polypi. This experience has been repeated many times since Voltolini's report was made. I venture to say that every rhinologist has had that happy experience, and the question naturally arises, why can it not be repeated? For a time, beginning about thirty years ago, many rhinologists thought that all asthmas were secondary to some condition in the nose: polypi, hypertrophied turbinates, deviated septum, spurs, etc. This led to much unnecessary surgical intervention,


Density functional theory (DFT) method with 6-311++G** basis set was applied to study intermolecular interactions of 4-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole (LLM-116)/NH3 and LLM-116/H2O supermolecules. Four optimized stable supermolecules were found on the potential energy surface. The intermolecular interaction energy was calculated with basis set superposition error (BSSE) correction and zero point energy (ZPE) correction. The greatest corrected intermolecular interaction energies of LLM-116/NH3 and LLM-116/H2O supermolecules are -42.75 and -19.09 kJ.mol(-1) respectively, indicating that the intensity of interaction between LLM-116 and NH3 is stronger than that of LLM-116/H2O. The intermolecular interaction is an exothermic process accompanied by a decrease in the probability of supermolecules formation, and the interactions become weak as temperature increase. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was performed to reveal the origin of interaction. The IR spectra were obtained and assigned by vibrational analysis. Based on vibrational analysis, the changes of thermodynamic properties from LLM-116 to supermolecules with temperature ranging from 200.0 to 400.0 K were obtained using statistical thermodynamic method.


Strain engineering is indispensable in modern semiconductor manufacturing to increase the carrier mobility and enhance transistor performance. The precise measurement of the localized strain distribution near the transistor channel region is very critical to understand device performance. Among several experimental strain measurement techniques, nanobeam diffraction (NBD) is the most userfriendly method with good spatial resolution, large field-of-view, and good accuracy and precision [1]. However, the measurement results in NBD are strongly affected by experimental conditions and post data processing. In this study, the strain in an epitaxial grown SiGe monitoring pad is studied. The composition of the SiGe has been previously characterized by STEM-EDS [2]. The strain in [220] direction is expected to be ~ 0, as confirmed by dark field holography [3], shown in figure 1.


The invention discloses a method for realizing collision warning of an electric locomotive by using a GPS (Global Positioning System) means, which relates to the field of GPS high-accuracy positioning and can realize collision warning of the electric locomotive in a large-sized open pit. A track on which equipment runs specifically is judged by using a high-accuracy GPS positioning module; the running direction of the electric locomotive is determined by using relative displacement of coordinates acquired by the GPS on the electric locomotive; whether the equipment is in an advancing state or a drawing state is judged; a buffer distance for warning is calculated according to the number of hoppers trailed on the electric locomotive in combination with the running state of the electric locomotive; and finally, the collision warning of the electric locomotive is realized in combination with the operation direction and the buffer distance.


The main mechanisms of transformation and mass distribution of mercury compounds in coal combustion products have been analyzed.The dominant forms of mercury in process of coal combustion are metal mercury Hg0 .Thermodynamic analysis of the process is applied in calculation and analysis of the process of mercury forms conversion in coal combustion of three coal samples.And the paper describes that temperature is effects on the distribution and transformation of mercury forms.


Background:  Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disorder characterized by recurrent spontaneous outbreaks of itchy wheals and/or angioedema. It has been shown to have substantial impact on patient quality‐of‐life, but little else is known about patient perspectives on CU and its treatment.


The paper presents the main aspects regarding the evolution of the red wine during the period of maturation and ageing. It has been studied a red wine from the Husi vineyard, Cabernet Sauvignon type of different ages. The maturation and ageing of wine represents phases of its evolution that have a great importance for the definition of the wine's qualities: the formation of the bouquet, of the specific colour etc. the different ages wine samples were analyzed from the physico-chemical point of view. The transformations during the ageing and maturation suppose some modifications of the physico-chemical traits of the wine. At maturation the oxidizing processes that take place lead to severe transformations that alter the colour, smell and taste of the young wine. At ageing the reducing processes predominate the wine's bouquet being enhanced. for the simple and global characterization of the colour we proposed (on the basis of the optic density at the specific wave lengths) the determination of the chromatic traits of the wine (especially brick like colours) and that of its taste (diminishing the roughness).The study led show the positive effect of the maturation and ageing upon the red wine quality evolution.


Abstract The thermal bonding method is an advanced processing technology, which can bond a variety of polymer sheets on request. This work aims to analyze the effect of applied loading, heating temperature and duration on the depth loss of the PMMA microfluidic chip after bonding. Several experiments were designed by us and the results were analyzed by orthogonal experimental method. Finally optimal applied loading, heating temperature and duration were obtained and in the optimal case, the bonded microfluidic chip has small depth loss and enough strength.


Two rare-earth (La and Lu) naphthalene complexes supported by a ferrocene diamide ligand activate P4 under ambient conditions to form M 3P7 species exclusively. The resulting complexes feature a Zintl-type polyphosphide P7 3- unit stabilized by three lanthanide fragments. The reported metal complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. © 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.


may be occasioned in two ways, either as part of the adaptation of the organism to a new, more inimical environment, or as an adaptation to an environment of the moment which is itself generally becoming more inimical. The two tendencies taken together appear to have caused all the major grade changes that have taken place in the course of evolution, in particular, the grade changes from the procaryotic to the eucellular level, and from the unicellular to the multicellular level. These two changes have much in common, and it is of use to consider them more closely together than has been usual in the past. In the bodies of higher multicellular organisms, increased isolation of the majority of cells from the environment has been achieved by surrounding them with an environment of their own, made up of the body fluids and intercellular material. The organisms have succeeded, as it were, in providing for most of their component parts a more stable, more regulated and more favourable environment than that-the ex ernal-in which the organisms as a whole live. Indeed, it seems in most cases that only by having done so have the organisms become capable of living in the environments they inhabit at all. Increased functional efficiency has been achieved through specialization of cells and their aggregation into tissues, each devoted to a particular set of physiological tasks and all co-ordinated with one another. The generally accepted view (for which there is good evidence) is that multicellular organisms have arisen ultimately from unicellular ancestors. Such ancestors in their time, like unicellular organisms today, lived no doubt directly surrounded by the external environment and combined within the one cell all the necessary functions carried out in multicellular organisms by the various specialized cells. In other words, the typical unicell is both more exposed, and more generalized, than the average cell within a metazoan or metaphytic body. As one would expect, it is found that the contents of unicells resemble in their physical and biochemical properties, not the intercellular substances of multicellular organisms, but the contents of the cells that make up the latter. Also, again as one would expect, unicells lack anything corresponding


War, Will, and Warlords: Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan and Pakistan, 2001-2011 By Robert M. Cassidy Quantico: Marine Corps University Press, 2012 270 pages Free download [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Although the war in Afghanistan has lasted appreciably longer than America's war in Iraq, the shorter conflict has generated both more and better literature and analysis. There are a stack of books on Iraq that will bear the test of time, from George Packer's The Assassins' Gate and Tom Ricks's Fiasco to Michael Gordon and Mick Trainor's comprehensive trilogy on the war. The longer Afghan campaign can claim no such body of work is likely to last. Carter Malkasian's War Comes to Garmser is a sparkling depiction of the conflict in a province, but there is as yet no overview of the war as a whole that will endure. Army Colonel Bob Cassidy has attempted to fill the gap with War, Will, and Warlords." Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan and Pakistan, 2001-2011, published by the Marine Corps University Press and freely available on the internet. Bob is well placed to do so, having written two previous books on counterinsurgency and spending a year working at the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) Joint Command, which coordinates the campaign at the operational level of war. The book meets some of the need for a comprehensive analysis of the Afghan conflict, but is hobbled by two shortcomings--one unavoidable, one not--that leave the field at least partially open for a great campaign history. The unavoidable shortcoming of War, Will, and Warlords comes in its subtitle; the book only carries the reader through 2011, concentrating most heavily on fighting since the Obama administration prioritized Afghanistan over Iraq in 2009. While Cassidy is correct in noting that before late 2009, "the war in Afghanistan lacked both a comprehensive counterinsurgency campaign plan and an operational-level headquarters to orchestrate the campaign," the Afghan campaign has become more interesting, not less, since he completed his analysis in 2011, and the trend is likely to continue. Although the Afghan endgame cannot yet be written, the president decided to draw down the American troop commitment and turn over responsibility for the continuing counterinsurgency campaign to the Afghan security forces by the end of 2014. This is high adventure; while the Anbar Awakening and the Surge broke the back of the insurgency in Iraq before the American drawdown there, the Pashtun insurgency in Afghanistan and Pakistan is likely to remain a significant threat to Afghan governance when the American combat role ends. Cassidy deserves credit for attempting to capture the history of the war up until 2011, but the climactic acts of this play have not yet happened. The avoidable shortcoming is Dr. Cassidy's writing style. Bob is an old friend and former partner in crime at the US Military Academy, where we taught international relations together at the Department of Social Sciences; from that time through today, Bob has never been able to resist inserting the most complicated possible word in his writing. Thus, on the second page of his Preface, Bob explains that his book "posits that explanations for the catalysts of these two insurgencies relate to a paucity of analysis and resources that exacerbated or created grievances among the local populations, excessive or inappropriate applications of lethal force, and ill-prepared approaches to information operations that failed to integrate information narratives with the use of military force. …


Abstract. The quality of the perovskite film highly affects the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To deposit uniform and dense perovskite films, the fabrication processes are usually conducted in a controlled environment such as a glove box, which limits the future commercial development. High-quality perovskite films were fabricated in high humidity using mixed antisolvent consisting of ethyl acetate (EA) and diethyl ether (DE). It is found that the speed of perovskite crystallization could be controlled by adjusting the volume ratio of EA and DE in the mixed antisolvent, enhancing the grain size of perovskite films. The PSC fabricated in a humidity of 70% treated with an optimal ratio EA and DE exhibits an enhanced efficiency of 18.77% from 11.07%. Our work provides a convenient strategy for fabricating highly efficient PSCs in a high-humidity environment.


The climatic impact of the observed stratospheric ozone changes since 1980 was studied in simulations with the Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM). The model was run with prescribed ozone climatologies of the years 1980 and 2000, derived from the newest WMO assessment of ozone trends. It is shown that in the northern hemisphere stratosphere, the temperature decreases as a reaction to the 20 year ozone changes. Whereas the patterns of the observed stratospheric cooling for that period are reproduced in the model, its magnitude is underestimated, indicating an impact of other factors on stratospheric temperature.


By the trends of electronic package to be smaller, thinner and more integrative, the reliability of interconnection between Si chip and printed circuit board is required. This paper reports on a study of high speed shear energy of Sn-4.0wt%Ag-0.5wt%Cu (SAC405) solder joints with different the thicknesses of electroless Ni-P deposit. A high speed shear testing of solder joints was conducted to find a relationship between the thickness of Ni-P deposit and the brittle fracture in electroless Ni-P deposit/SAC405 solder. A focused ion beam (FIB) was used to polish the cross sections to reveal details of the microstructure of the fractured pad surface with and without HNO3 vapor treatment. The high speed shear energy of SAC405 solder joint with 1 μm Ni-P deposit was found to be lower without HNO3 vapor, compared to those of over 3 μm Ni-P deposit. This could be due to the edge of solder resist in 1 μm Ni-P deposit, which provides a fracture location for the weakened shear energy of solder joints and brittle fracture in high speed shear test. With HNO3 vapor, the brittle fracture mode in high speed shear test decreased with increasing the thickness of Ni-P deposit. Then the roughness (Ra) of Ni-P deposits decreased with increasing its thickness. Thus, this gives the evidence that the decrease in roughness of Ni-P deposit for Eelectroless Ni/ Electroless Pd/ Immersion Au (ENEPIG) surface play a critical role for improving the robustness of SAC405 solder joint.


A new, selective method for the synthesis of (E)-vinyl sulfones is presence by palladium-catalyzed C-S bond cleavage/conjugate addition. In the presence of Pd(OAc)(2) and DMEDA (N(1),N(2)-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine), 1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethane underwent the C-S bond cleavage, followed by conjugate addition to numerous electron-deficient alkynes afforded the corresponding (E)-vinyl sulfones in moderate to good yields.


The purpose of this study was to determine the optimization of vehicle storage in the open yard area at PT. Indonesia Vehicle Terminal (PT. IKT) which is influenced by the zoning policy towards the use of accumulated fields. The method used in this research is a quantitative method in the form of calculating the use of open storage land which is concluded as Yard Occupancy Ratio (YOR). The research data was analyzed by comparing the data before and after the implementation of the zoning system policy at PT. IKT in the period March 2019 - February 2020. The zoning policy has an impact on the amount of loading and unloading production and the capacity of open storage at PT. Indonesia Vehicle Terminal for domestic part. After processing data for the period September 2019 - February 2020, namely September 2019 at 48.63%, October 2019 at 52.39%, November 2019 at 62.75%, December 2019 at 66.75, January 2020 at 76.20% and February 2020 at 82.25%. From YOR which every month the YOR value of PT. IKT has caused open storage fields in the domestic area to overload for storage of CBUs, trucks and heavy equipment. PT. IKT is advised to add new land, especially in the domestic sector, so that operational activities in the terminal are not hampered by the increase in the number of YOR in the domestic field. Otherwise, overbringing costs will arise and increase.


Background Surgical site infection (SSI) after cesarean section (CS) increases maternal morbidity, hospital stay and medical cost. However, in Ethiopia, limited evidence exists regarding the magnitude and risk factors of post-CS wound infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of - and factors associated with the problem among mothers who gave birth in Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted based on the medical records of 592 women who underwent CS from June 2012 to May 2013. Data on the occurrence and factors associated with SSIs were extracted. Factors associated with SSI were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The output of the analysis is presented using adjusted odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The prevalence of SSI was 11.0% (95% CI: 8.6–13.8%). Mothers with prolonged labor (6.78, 95% CI: 2.54–18.00) and prolonged rupture of membrane (5.83, 95% CI: 2.14–15.89) had significantly increased odds of SSI. Compared to mothers who had no digital vaginal examination, those who had 1–4 and 5 or more examinations were at higher risk with OR of 2.91 (95% CI: 1.21–6.99) and 8.59 (95% CI: 1.74–42.23), respectively. Prolonged duration of surgery (12.32, 95% CI: 5.46–27.77), wound contamination class III (9.61, 95% CI: 1.84–50.06) and postoperative anemia (2.62, 95% CI: 1.21–5.69) were also significant predictors. CS conducted by junior practitioners is likely to be followed by infection. Conclusion Post-CS SSI is relatively common in the hospital. Thus, it should be averted by implementing infection prevention techniques.


Abstract Race has played an important part in US presidential politics in contemporary history. Different political parties and candidates have followed covert strategies playing on the prejudices of white voters ‐ both cognitively and emotionally – by linking race‐related issues to the majority's individual and group interests. This elite discourse carried to the public by the mainstream media, along with media's practices of stereotyping, priming, framing and agenda setting, help to justify racial prejudice, discrimination against minorities and their marginalized status, while maintaining the status quo. Taking the social constructionist position, this case study examines the opinions expressed by a sample of undecided voters selected from different geographic locations at various stages of the 1992 US presidential campaign under the themes 'Candidates' racial prejudice' and 'Race is used as political strategy by candidates.'


We consider the 2D wavelet transform with two scales to study sky maps of temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). We apply this technique to simulated maps of small sky patches of size 12:8 12:8 and 1:5 0 1:5 0 pixels. The relation to the standard approach, based on the C 0s ,i s es- tablished through the introduction of the scalogram. We consider temperature fluctuations derived from standard, open and flat- Cold Dark Matter (CDM) models. We an- alyze CMB anisotropies maps plus uncorrelated Gaussian noise (uniform and non-uniform) at dierent S=N levels. We explore in detail the denoising of such maps and com- pare the results with other techniques already proposed in the literature. Wavelet methods provide a good recon- struction of the image and power spectrum. Moreover, they are faster than previously proposed methods.


The collection performance of granular bed filters consisting of uniform spheres with diameters of 0.5–2.0 mm was experimentally studied by using monodisperse aerosol particles ranging from 0.02 to 2 μm in diameter at superficial velocity from 0.4 to 120 cm/s. Based on the experimental data, prediction equations of collection efficiency due to individual mechanical collection mechanisms were obtained, elucidating the influence of the Reynolds number on the particle collection. Furthermore, by assuming the additivity of the individual mechanical collection efficiencies, a prediction equation applicable to the wide range of filtration conditions is proposed.


PURPOSE
To establish the optimum timing of follow-up after probing for uncomplicated congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

METHODS
A retrospective review of notes of all patients probed over a 4-year period was performed. Timing of symptom resolution was evaluated and compared to the results of a questionnaire sent to all parents in June 1996.

RESULTS
Most patients were asymptomatic or improved by 3 months postoperatively, and the long-term success rate was 96.6%.

CONCLUSION
Optimum timing of follow-up should be 3 months postoperatively, if necessary at all.


We discuss the existence of ground state solutions for the Choquard equation $$-\Delta u=(I_\alpha*F(u))F'(u)\quad\quad\quad\text{in }\mathbb R^N.$$ We prove the existence of solutions under general hypotheses, investigating in particular the case of a homogeneous nonlinearity $F(u)=\frac{|u|^p}p$. The cases $N=2$ and $N\ge3$ are treated differently in some steps. The solutions are found through a variational mountain pass strategy. The result presented are contained in the papers with arXiv ID 1212.2027 and 1604.03294


In this paper original constituents of two kinds of corn-cob originated from Kangping Liaoning and Xiangfan Hubei were analysed.Then pretreated corn-cobs by NaOH,NH_3 · H_2O,hot water,NaOH-H_2O_2,H_2SO_4,respectively,were repeatedly analysed to check the effects of the pretreated method on contents of cellulose,pentosan,lignin.


Purpose:  sec‐Butyl‐propylacetamide (SPD) is a one‐carbon homolog of valnoctamide (VCD), a central nervous system (CNS)–active amide derivative of valproic acid (VPA) currently in phase II clinical trials. The study reported herein evaluated the anticonvulsant activity of SPD in a battery of rodent seizure and epilepsy models and assessed its efficacy in rat and guinea pig models of status epilepticus (SE) and neuroprotection in an organotypic hippocampal slice model of excitotoxic cell death.


Measurements of the perturbations of the poloidal magnetic field at the plasma boundary over the frequency range from 1 to 100 kHz in ohmic regimes, regimes with lower-hybrid current drive, and regimes with electron-cyclotron heating are reported. The relationship between the width of a magnetic island and the amplitude of the perturbation of the poloidal magnetic field was found through synchronous detection of the oscillations in the intensity of the electron-cyclotron radiation and the signal representing the m = 2 mode. The experiments were carried out in the T-7 and T-10 tokamaks. The results agree with predictions based on the theory of the tearing-mode instability.


universalism and computational intelligence (Negarestani), or automation and Promethean design (Bratton). This is not to say that scientists, social scientists, and humanists have not been assembled in recent years to address the limitations of the computational sciences. An excellent example is the edited collection, Beyond Mechanism: Putting Life Back into Biology (Henning and Scarfe). At the center of this work is a commitment to using the underlying principles of process philosophy (and related conceptions) as the basis for addressing what computational practices have so far been unable to explain: in particular, the self in biological self-organization. On the one hand, it is remarkable that theoretical biologists are drawing (and not superficially) on Whitehead, Peirce, and even Kant for conceptual clarity. But on the other hand, the topics they explore are circumscribed by the presupposed relevance of a process-based metaphysics of life. What's more, continental genealogies of nonhuman process, ecology, and subjectivity are entirely missing from the collection. Other collections and volumes have attempted to explore similar themes, most notably, Life and Process: Towards a New Biophilosophy (Koutroufinis), but here too we find the already-presumed sufficiency of process philosophy, and a complete lack of engagement with other conceptual histories. Instead, the work done in the OPG meetings, and showcased in this issue, revolves around a genuine concern for scientific styles of reasoning, and in particular for the problems, concerns, and assumptions that animate scientific work. (Here, for example, a problem internal to the discipline of biology – the fact, as Denis Noble has suggested, that for decades theoretical biologists and experimental biologists have had almost nothing to say to each other – has stakes and implications that can be better illuminated, perhaps, from outside the discipline itself, when philosophy and anthropology shed light on what counts as "real" "science" and how that, in turn, overdetermines what counts as "life" (Noble 169, 235–37).) And what emerges from this engagement is not the ascendance of a new transcendental principle or (what amounts to the same thing) foundational bedrock, derived from the physico-mathematical sciences, but just the opposite: that theorists working in these scientific fields are searching for conceptual frameworks that can express the fact that certain material and energetic systems (living systems) exceed the computational and conceptual systems designed to understand them, a domain in which the ontological and the epistemological domains enter into a zone of strange (and unavoidable) entanglement. wolfe and nocek


Scottish National Health Service (NHS) stroke costs have been estimated for 1988 using accounting methods, updating a similar study for 1974. Stroke mortality in Scotland decreased by 36% between 1974 and 1988, but stroke NHS costs decreased only slightly, from 4.7 to 4.3% of total NHS costs. Stroke bed days as a proportion of total bed days rose from 6.4% in 1974 to 7.5% in 1988 and stroke hospital costs were 5.5% of total hospital costs of £4,600 per discharge. This figure is more than twice a preliminary Diagnosis Related Group (DRG 14) price suggested to Scottish Health Board managers in 1990 as an indicative charge for non-resident stroke patients.


On the basis of 2-D Ising model and Monte-Carlo simulation and the experimental results,in this paper,we have studied the magnetic properties of a typical system which is doped with non-Ising spins.The results of simulation show that the existence of non-Ising spins could make the magnetic properties of the system deviate from the Curie-Weiss law and make the Griffiths Phase appear.By calculating the average spin value of an Ising spin which is next to a non-Ising spin,the microscopic mechanism of the influence caused by non-Ising spin is given in this paper.To diminish the difference between the simulation and experimental results,an amendment is put forward which takes the ferromagnetic cluster into consideration and an agreement with the experimental results is achieved.


CRIG Seminar 2015This Lightning Talk discussed the background, design, and collaborative partnership between Library and Monash's Art Design & Architecture Faculty (MADA), which brought the MADA Creative Integrity Moodle site to fruition.Presenter: Romney AdamsLocation: William Angliss Institute, Melbourne, VIC., AustraliaDate: 25 November, 2015


The proposed method allows very rapid synthesis of large antenna arrays, affording footprint patterns of satisfactory quality. It is possible to reduce the number of array elements by reducing the number of filled nulls of the modified Elliott-Stern pattern that is sampled at the expense of reducing of the average slope of the pattern (dropoff rate) and a small reduction in the pattern directivity.


Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) is a member of the natriuretic peptide family. By binding with its receptor and thereafter activating guanylate cyclase, ANP increases intracellular cGMP level and hence produces biological effects. ANP exerts diuretic, natriuretic, vasorelaxant and antiproliferative actions and plays an important role in main-tening blood pressure, balance of fluid and sodium and also in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.


The designs made by Fu Li-ye and Kang You-wei on the modes of the future society kept either some common points or many differences , displaying the basic characteristics of the two social Utopian thoughts—— to achieve balance through differences while attain harmony
through union. This is because the two social Utopian thoughts came into being in the different social backgrounds, from different sources of thought and different philosophical bases.


ABSTRACT The paper challenges the theoretical and empirical orthodoxy surrounding the debate on international military intervention and mass atrocity endings, via an evidence-based analysis of the situation in East Timor in 1999. By combining existing but under-explored data on mass atrocities with eye-witness accounts, new key informant interviews, and a detailed review of secondary sources, we demonstrate that the wave of militia-perpetrated violence in September 1999 was extinguished prior to the arrival of international military forces. We demonstrate the unique effect of national political factors, when combined with the pressures of international diplomacy, which combined to end mass atrocities in this particular case. We find that the Indonesian regime was not a uniformly recalcitrant regime opposed to ending the atrocities, and demonstrate how factors operating across the national and sub-national levels combined to force the Indonesian leadership to bring the militia perpetrators of this brutal episode of violence under control. Through our new empirical analysis, and the alternative explanation we present to explain endings of mass atrocities in this case, we challenge the tendency to focus on international military intervention as the means by which mass atrocities come to an end.


The paper proposes an algorithm for recognizing ATC controller's messages using method of contextual analysis of phraseology elements based on the application of phraseological patterns. A practical example of phraseological patterns for comprehensive recognition of ATC controller's instruction is given, when a limited set of words included in this in- struction is known in advance. It is proved that the use of the recognition method with contextual analysis of the ATC phra- seology elements in conjunction with the recognition carried out by using software library intended for the universal recog- nition of the speech stream, will allow to increase the accuracy of the latter, while maintaining performance at a level suffi- cient to apply this method in control systems and real-time control. According to experts, the accuracy increase when using this method can be up to 30 %.


Research on consumer behavior has become essential in recent years as it plays an important role in business marketing and growth. Consumers are the king of the market. For-profit organizations cannot function without customers. All the activities of the company end with the consumer and their satisfaction. Consumer behavior is the study of consumers and how they choose or eliminate products. This theory extends not only to products but also to services consumed. To develop a framework for studying consumer behavior, first look at the factors that influence consumer buying behavior, as well as the various thinking paradigms that have influenced the progress and discipline of consumer research. Modeling customer behavior is nothing more than creating a mathematical structure to map the general behavior of a particular customer group. This is done to predict how consumers will react in a particular situation. The purpose of the survey is to better understand consumer behavior by examining the factors that influence the consumer's purchasing process. The main purpose of studying consumer behavior is to understand how consumers feel and think. Building a recommendation engine is another application for studying consumer behavior. The recommendation engine basically recommends several products based on a variety of factors, including previous purchases by consumers, age, etc. It's a kind of data filtering tool that uses machine learning algorithms to recommend the most relevant items to a particular customer. The purpose of this paper is to analyze consumer segmentation and sentiment regarding product reviews and build a product recommendation system.


Land vehicle navigation system technology is a subject of great interest today. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a common choice for positioning in such systems. However, GPS alone is incapable of providing continuous and reliable positioning, because of its inherent dependency on external electromagnetic signals. Inertial Navigation is the implementation of inertial sensors to determine the position and orientation of a vehicle. As such, inertial navigation has unbounded error growth since the error accumulates at each step. Thus in order to contain these errors some form of external aiding is required. The availability of low cost Micro-ElectroMechanical-System (MEMS) inertial sensors is now making it feasible to develop Inertial Navigation System (INS) using an inertial measurement unit (IMU), in conjunction with GPS to fulfill the demands of such systems. Typically IMU's are very expensive systems; however this INS will use "low cost" components. Unfortunately with low cost also comes low performance and is the main reason for the inclusion of GPS and Kalman filtering into the system. The aim of this paper is to develop a GPS/MEMS INS integrated system, which is able to provide a navigation solution with accuracy levels appropriate for land vehicle navigation. The primary piece of equipment used was a MEMS-based Crista IMU (from Cloud Cap Technology Inc.) and a Garmin GPS 18 PC (which is both a receiver and antenna). The integration of GPS with INS can be implemented using a Kalman filter in loosely coupled mode. In this integration mode the INS error states, together with any navigation state (position, velocity, and attitude) and other unknown parameters of interest, are estimated using GPS measurements. All important equations regarding navigation are presented along with discussion. Keywords—GPS, IMU, Kalman Filter.


The material in the plasma chamber sikimeuroseo collision is processed in the chamber. The first deals with the material by periodically adjusting the processing parameters between the 2-step process with the parameters of the first step and the second set having a first set of process parameters. The plasma during the transition between steps 1 and 2 are stabilized. The steps comprise a periodic etching and deposition steps. One possibility is to uihago and Match the plasma impedance to the impedance of the power supply for supplying energy to the plasma, the matching utilizes a matching unit that can be controlled in a number of ways depending on the time or phase types of the step of stabilizing the plasma. Another possibility is to essentially prevent or reduce the pressure change of the chamber between the first and second steps.


China's assistance supports Egypt's political independence efforts, Egypt's economic growth, and China's efforts to build a positive international reputation as a major power. This research investigates if China's financial support for Egypt can advance Egypt's economic growth. China's financial assistance to Africa is referred to as financial aid throughout this essay. This work uses the systematic GMM for econometric regression method for the empirical research portion. Study the effects of China's overall financial support for Egypt on GDP first, and then analyze the effects of loan assistance, free aid, and investment help on GDP of Egypt. The findings of the study indicate that China's financial assistance to Egypt has a sizable positive impact on its GDP and industrial added value. Among these, the loan assistance method significantly contributes to the GDP of Egypt with a medium level of economic growth, and the free aid method significantly contributes to the GDP of Egypt with a low level of economic development.


Justice Holmes famously observed that "[g]reat cases . . . make bad law." The problem may be especially acute in the domain of national security, where presidents frequently interpret their own powers without judicial review and where executive precedents play a large role in subsequent interpretive debates. On the one hand, some of the historical assertions of presidential authority that stretch constitutional and statutory language the furthest seem hard to condemn in light of the practical stakes. On the other hand, to credit the authority of executive precedent risks leaving the president dangerously unbound. To address the conundrum posed by executive precedent, this Article proposes a two-tiered theory for the interpretation of presidential powers. Framed as an analogy to a position in moral philosophy known as "threshold deontology," two-tiered interpretive theory treats rules that restrict executive power as normally inviolable, not subject to a case-by-case balancing analysis. Analogously to threshold deontology, however, two-tiered theory also recognizes that when the costs of adherence to ordinary principles grow exorbitantly high, extraordinary interpretive principles should govern instead and should result in the upholding of broad presidential power. For reasons that the Article explains, resort to extraordinary reliance on second-tier justifications for assertions of sweeping executive authority involves a legal analogue to "dirty-handed" moral conduct and should be labeled accordingly. And executive precedents set in extraordinary, second-tier cases should not apply to more ordinary ones. Through its conjunction of elements, two-tiered interpretive theory furnishes analytical and rhetorical safeguards against executive overreaching, but also allows accommodations for truly extraordinary cases. Copyright © 2013 by Richard H. Fallon, Jr. † Ralph S. Tyler, Jr. Professor of Constitutional Law, Harvard Law School. I am grateful to David Barron, Gabby Blum, Curtis Bradley, Charles Fried, John Goldberg, Jack Goldsmith, Howell Jackson, Vicki Jackson, Michael Kenneally, Marty Lederman, Dan Meltzer, Martha Minow, Trevor Morrison, Peter Raven-Hansen, Carlos Vazquez, Adrian Vermeule, Jonathan Zittrain, and participants in workshops at Georgetown University Law Center, George Washington University Law School, and Harvard Law School for extremely helpful comments on previous drafts. Alexander Dryer and Charlie Griffin provided excellent research assistance. FALLON IN PRINTER (MODIFIED FIRST) (DO NOT DELETE) 10/9/2013 3:59 PM 348 DUKE LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 63:347


Background: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus that relies on the supply of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from hepatitis B virus (HBV) to assemble HDV virions and infect hepatocytes. However, controversy remains in whether the presence of HDV increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim is to evaluate the influence of HDV on the risk of HCC through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A review of all English-language literature was conducted in the major medical databases using the subject search terms "hepatocellular carcinoma," "liver cancer," "hepatic tumor," and "hepatitis delta." A meta-analysis of the qualifying publications was then performed. Results: The meta-analysis included 21 studies, which revealed a significantly higher risk of HCC among patients with HDV/HBV dual infection (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-3.14, p < 0.01) compared with those with HBV monoinfection. Those with HDV/HBV dual infection remained at higher risk of HCC in the subgroup analysis, irrespective of the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection and in different ethnicities. The HCC risk remained higher in patients with HDV/HBV dual infection with heterogeneous fibrosis stage (OR = 2.04, 95% CI, 1.31-3.17, p < 0.01). The difference in the risk of HCC between HDV/HBV dual infection and HBV monoinfection was not statistically significant in patients with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis (OR = 1.84, 95% CI, 0.48-7.02, p = 0.37). However, this subgroup comprised only two studies. Conclusion: HDV and HBV dual infection significantly increase the risk of HCC development compared with HBV monoinfection.


Myopia is one of the most common ocular problems, which causes visual dysfunction.The prevalence of myopia is increasing, while the prevention and treatment have made no breakthrough because the pathogenesis and mechanism of myopia remains unclear.Certain kinds of molecules were reported to play a role in myopia, such as dopamine, retinoic acid, glucagon, ZENK(Zif269、EGR-1、NGFI-A or Krox-24)etc.As a derivative of vitamin A, retinoic acid is the final metabolite of retinaldehyde, which combines to opsin in the photoreceptor cells on retina.Previous studies demonstrated that retinoic acid from choroid and retina plays significant roles in the development of myopia, which affects different molecules related to myopia development, including transforming growth factor-β, glycosaminoglycan, matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-2.Based on the synthesis, mechanism and effects of the retinoic acid in the eye, this paper describes the new progress of retinoic acid in experimental myopia, including form deprivation myopia, defocus induced myopia and monochromatic myopia, hence offers new clues for the research on the mechanism of myopia.

Key words:
Retinoic acid; Form deprivation myopia; Lens induced myopia; Monochromatic light


At the 88th Academy Awards last Sunday, the film href="http://oscar.go.com/news/winners/stutterer-wins-short-film-live-action-oscars-2016""Stutterer" won the Short Film (Live Action) category. The 12-minute film follows a typographer, known only as Greenwood, who lives as a recluse because of his severe stutter.


Studying periodic pattern is expected as a standard line of attack for recognizing DNA sequence in identification of gene and similar problems. But peculiarly very little significant work is done in this direction. This paper studies statistical properties of DNA sequences of complete genome using a new technique. A DNA sequence is converted to a numeric sequence using various types of mappings and standard Fourier technique is applied to study the periodicity. Distinct statistical behaviour of periodicity parameters is found in coding and non‐coding sequences, which can be used to distinguish between these parts. Here DNA sequences of Drosophila melanogaster were analyzed with significant accuracy.


Anti-Japanese sentiment in China since the Second World War has been exacerbated by recent territorial disputes involving the Senkaku Islands and the natural resources of the East China Sea. The widespread dissemination of anti-Japanese propaganda by the Chinese media has further contributed to this negative image of Japanese corporations. This pervasive climate of anti-Japanese sentiment has forced Japanese companies seeking to expand their businesses abroad to grapple with the unique challenges of navigating the highly politicized environment of Chinese harmonious society. Still, the success of any foreign companies in China fundamentally depends on whether China's market economy continues to develop in the face of harsh political conditions and growing social unrest. To date, only a handful of studies have addressed the effects of Chinese harmonious society on the performance of Japanese corporations operating in China. This study is an attempt to fill that gap. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-0306-6.ch010


We investigate competition between two phase transitions of the second kind induced by the self-attractive nonlinearity, viz., self-trapping of the leaky modes, and spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of both fully trapped and leaky states. We use a one-dimensional mean-field model, which combines the cubic nonlinearity and a double-well-potential (DWP) structure with an elevated floor, which supports leaky modes (quasi-bound states) in the linear limit. The setting can be implemented in nonlinear optics and BEC. The order in which the SSB and self-trapping transitions take place with the growth of the nonlinearity strength depends on the height of the central barrier of the DWP: the SSB happens first if the barrier is relatively high, while self-trapping comes first if the barrier is lower. The SSB of the leaky modes is characterized by specific asymmetry of their radiation tails, which, in addition, feature a resonant dependence on the relation between the total size of the system and radiation wavelength. As a result of the SSB, the instability of symmetric modes initiates spontaneous Josephson oscillations. Collisions of freely moving solitons with the DWP structure admit trapping of an incident soliton into a state of persistent shuttle motion, due to emission of radiation. The study is carried out numerically, and basic results are explained by means of analytical considerations.


About the Synthesis of 6-nitro-substituted 2H-Benzo[b]thiopyran Derivatives Starting from 2-Mercapto-5-nitro-benzaldehyde

Benzene derivatives useful as C3S-building blocks for the synthesis of 2H-benzo[b]thiopyrans are not easily available. The synthesis starting with 2-chloro-benzaldehyde via 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzalde-hyde to 2-mercapto-5-nitro-benzaldehyde-tert-butylimin 1b and its cyclisation to 2H-benzo[b]thiopyrans (2a – h) and (3a – d) is described. By reaction with acceptor substituted alkenes, e.g. acroleine or ω-nitrostyrene respectively 2-chloro-propenes, e.g. substituted s-chloroacroleines or 2-chloro-propene-1,3-dicarboxylates the compounds 2a – h and 3a – d are obtained. Vilsmeier's reaction of the diester 3d with DMF/POCl3 yields the formyl compound 4.


CIS (Geographic Information System) technique has changed the processing of spatial data. It is necessary for the governments to concern the importance of GIS in information acquirement and utilization. This paper has presented some assessments on the research experience of the first 11 countries which have constructed the first generation infrastructures for national spatial data. Through assessments we can learn experience and lessons and find the ideas to establish next generation infrastructure for national spatial data. The assessments are focused on: (a) the general framework of strategic decision; (b) the status, range of application , and the methods of the storage, implementation of data, and the feature and driving of resource evaluation; and (c)experience and lessons. Based on the above statements, some countries have been selected as the candidates for establishing next generation infrastructures for national spatial data.


It is important to implement Environment and Economy Function Zoning ( EEFZ) and to carry out corresponding environmental economic regulation policies and measures according to different regions environmental conditions and the resource predominance in watershed.There are several function zoning methods at present such as main functional zoning,ecological function zoning,water functional zoning, ecological economy zoning and so on.However,most of functional zonings have themselves special service objects and targets and seldom considerate the structure,function and characteristics of the watershed system.Therefore,EEFZ methodologies need to be established which is suitable for integrated watershed management.From the perspective of watershed system,we proposed the framework design for EEFZ according to its structure,function and characteristics with the instruction of watershed environment and economy theory and methodologies.The paper described the purposes,meaning,ideas and methods and proposed the indices system and zoning principle for EEFZ.And its stress and development directions were also prospected in this paper.


The blood-brain barrier (BBB), the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), and the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) may have similarities in systemic chronic inflammation, as seen in a variety of diseases. A disturbance of the barriers lead to a disruption of the cells coupled with gap junctions in syncytium. The network coupling may be principal to understand the homeostatic imbalance in systemic inflammation. This review high-lightens the role of gap junction network coupled cells in inducing and maintaining barrier properties under physiological conditions as well as their involvement in inflammatory pathologies.


These solutions are facilitated by the partnerships in government initiative and the particular arm of this program related to the US Military's Distance Education and Software development program. Thus, Jernigan and Glaser, discuss the SEPA Methodology (System Engineering Process Activities) and its application to the NIH Cancer Institute in a technical context, while Dr. Khandelwal and Terry Leach discuss the "in house" implications of the same methodology, whereas Len Fogelsonger focuses largely on the organizational and intergovernmental aspect of the partnership in governments' dependence upon BPR.


It is claimed that by the use of high strength concrete, using either dense or lightweight aggregate, concrete hulls can be built not much heavier than steel, and that there is a substantial margin of cost available to refine structure and construction. The solid slab, the voided slab, and the double skin structure with shear connections are seen as the basic structural forms. There is a wide range of constructional techniques available; the method used must be chosen to suit the desired hull shape.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop a simple and easy to construct fruits size sorting machine. The sorting machine was designed to sort oranges, apples, and yellow plums in small, medium, large, and extra-large size groups based on physical and mechanical properties including axial dimensions, arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, mass, volume, projected area, and frictional characteristics (coefficient of static friction) against two structural surfaces of the sorting machine (galvanized iron and rubber). The maximum sorting efficiency of the machine was 98% at 20 rpm for plums. Whereas the minimum fruit sorting efficiency of the machine at 25 rpm was 76% for apple fruits. The sorting efficiency of the machine increased with increasing sphericity ratio of fruits. The sorting machine productivity was 280, 250, and 212 kg h-1 for sorting oranges, apples, and plums, respectively. It is recommended that the machine should be operated at three slope angles of the sorting unit 20º, 15º, and 10º for oranges, apples, and plums, respectively. These angles correspond to the coefficient of static friction of the tested fruit.


The gamma radiations determined to the species of Echinacea purpurea (L) Moench on increase of the
quantity of DNA, comparatively to control and to the species of Hypericum perforatum (L.), the decrease of the quantity
of DNA (excepting the30 Gy dose witch hand a stimulative effect).


J Selva Andina Biosph. 2020; 8(1):42-52. In Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are microorganisms that represent up to 50% of the biomass of soil microbes, form symbiosis of greater relevance with more than 90% of plants. Considering its importance, the present work was carried out to evaluate the propagation of: AMF consortia from the Agrobiology laboratory (VAP1) and the consortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from five agroecosystems and a mixture of these consortia, when inoculated in crops associates of "ray grass" (L. multiflorum) and "pea" (P. sativum) under greenhouse conditions in Ayacucho. Seven treatments inoculated with the AMF consortia encoded as VAP1, Zm19, Zm20, Zm21, Zm22, Zm23, ZmM and control (Zm) were considered. The sowing was carried out in sterilized soil in experimental units of 1.5 kg capacity, which were inoculated with an average of 200 g of soil containing HMA consortium spores. Propagation was evaluated using: number of spores, percentage of colonization, dry weight and length of the foliage, these parameters were found to be significantly higher against Zm, except for dry weight and length of foliage. It was concluded that the HMA consortia of Zm23, VAP1, Zm19 and ZmM, spread in the Historial del artículo. Recibido septiembre, 2019. Devuelto diciembre 2019. Aceptado febrero, 2020. Disponible en línea, mayo 2020. Editado por: Selva Andina Research Society Esquivel Quispe J. Selva Andina Biosph.


HE usual surgical treatment of craniosynostosis involves a simple linear craniectomy followed by wrapping of the bone edges with some material to inhibit bone regrowth and fusion, s,9 Fibrin film, oxidized cellulose gauze (Oxycel), tantalum, methyl methacrylate (Lucite), rubber, and polyethylene (Polythene) have been used in an attempt to inhibit bone regrowth and fusion after linear craniectomies. 1,2,1~ Anderson and Johnson 2 described the use of Zenker's acetate solution or 7 % tincture of iodine on the surgically exposed dura mater, with favorable results. Linear craniectomy followed by the application of polyethylene and/or Zenker's solution is now the commonly accepted treatment for this condition? ,s,9,12,17 Complications that can occur with this method of treatment are foreign body reactions, infections, and the late possibility of neoplasm productionY ,3,5,a2,14 Sorour in 1961 was the first to use pericranium interposed in craniectomies done for craniosynostosis. He used this in conjunction with an initial "four-flap operation" and, most recently, a "bilateral flap operation.,,~,l.6 This experimental study was undertaken to determine if pericranium interposed between the fracture edges inhibits bone regrowth and fusion in the first year of life in dogs.


(51) Int. Cl." ..................................................... G10L 11/00 (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 7041277 (57) ABSTRACT The delay time and listening quality of a System under test are measured from a Signal received therefrom, then the measured delay time and listening quality are transformed to a delay-related degradation and a listening quality degrada tion on the same quality measure, then the quantity of interaction between the delay-related degradation and the listening quality degradation is calculated, and the delay related degradation, the listening quality degradation and the quantity of interaction are added together to obtain an overall degradation. The Overall degradation is transformed to a Subjective evaluation value to estimate the overall Speech quality.


Two new norditerpenoid alkaloids, leucostines A (1) and B (2), and a new diterpenoid alkaloid, 11-acetyllepenine (6), have been isolated from the root of Aconitum leucostomum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence. Four known alkaloids, delsoline (3), delcosine (4), lepenine (7), and songorine (8), were also isolated and identified from this plant for the first time.


Objective: To establish a method for the determination of pueratin in Songhua companion piece by HPLC. Methods: The content of pueratin was determined by HPLC, C18column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm); The mobile phase consisted of methanol and water(25∶75, v/v) at a flow-rate of 1.0 m L·min-1. The ultraviolet detector operated at 250 nm, and the temperature of 30 ℃. Results: The injection volume of puerarin showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.0002-10.0896 μg for puerarin(R2=1.0000), with the average recovery rate was99.9%(RSD=0.9%). Conclusion: The method is convenient and rapid with high precision and good repeatability;it can be used for the quality control of Songhua companion piece.


Based on the discrete time hypothesis, the phenomenon of phase substitution of the wave function of a particle falling in a black hole is considered. The results speak for possibility of certain exotic forms of the wave function evolution, providing among other things, return of information when the particle is falling down to a static black hole. When substitution the phase of the wave function in the vicinity of the event horizon, information may return due to the local reversal of particle time. Based on the analysis of the flow of information returned, using the holographic principle, an estimate of the quantum of the particle's proper time is obtained.


The non-stoichiometric compositions Ln 2-x NiO 4-3x/2+ d (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, 0£x£0,4) were obtained using coprecipitation method from nitrates solutions by K 2 CO 3 followed by calcination of the obtained blend at 950°С. According to X-ray phase analysis compositions in the range La 2 NiO 4.17 – La 1.6 NiO 3.63 are monophase and crystallize in tetragonal symmetry K 2 NiF 4 , space group I4/mmm.  Nd 2-x NiO 4- y and Pr 2-x NiO 4- y in the range  0£x£0,2 are monophase and have orthorombic and monoclinic(correspodingly) distorted K 2 NiF 4 structure. Samples with  0,2<x£0,4 are polyphase and contain  Ln 2 NiO 4 (Ln=Pr, Nd), NiO and rare earth oxides. Electrical conductivity of obtained samples have semiconducting behavior and it is strong depended to nonstoichiometric oxygen content.


Aim: To assess the occlusion in primary dentition among Saudi preschool children with Down syndrome (DS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over 10 months on 124 Saudi preschool children with DS aged 3-6 years with a complete set of primary dentition. The children were randomly selected from DS centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The primary molar relationship, canine relationship, overbite, overjet, posterior crossbite and scissors bite were recorded in centric occlusion. Results: The mesial step was the most observed (60.5%) molar relationship among the participants (P=0.001). Moreover, the Class III canine relationship represented 62.9% of the sample (P=0.001). More than one-third of the sample (39.5%) had an edge-to-edge overbite followed by an anterior open bite in 28.2% of the sample (P=0.027). The majority of the children examined (48.4%) had an edge-to-edge overjet followed by reversed overjet (anterior crossbite) in 27.4% of the sample (P=0.001). One-third (33.8%) of the children had a posterior crossbite. Conclusion: The results of this study are considered to be of importance to pediatric dentists making treatment decisions for preschool children with DS.


BACKGROUND: Mathematical procedures involved in the calculation of fatigue index (FI) and power drop (PD) are the main reasons why these traditional fatigue-related indices of Wingate All-out Test (WAT) are the least reliable indices. OBJECTIVE: To suggest a highly reliable fatigue-related output calculated by drop in mechanical work production (DMW). METHODS: Twenty-one well-trained male athletes (age: 21.8 ± 1.9 years, peak power [PP]: 14.7 ± 1.3 W · kg −1 ) participated in a series of WAT sessions, using 10% of their body mass as the workload, separated by 2–4 days. These WAT sessions were continued until the difference in PP between successive trials was less than 5%. Traditional FI and PD values were calculated using mean power data obtained from 5, 3, 2 and 1-second time intervals and using instantaneous power data, while DMW was calculated by predetermined areas in power-time curve. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficient of variations (CV) revealed that DMW had higher reliability level (ICC = 0.92, CV = 4.53%) than that of traditional fatigue-related indices (ICC 0.91, CV 5.71%). In addition, DMW had the lowest limit of "real change" with 10.2% as the minimum detectable change score at 90% confidence. CONCLUSIONS: DMW might be used as a reliable output to evaluate fatigue-related power data of the anaerobic capability. Besides, Monark Inc. may easily modify its Peak Bike 894E software to make 30-second all-out test more reliable for the assessment of fatigability levels.


Experimental verification of an opportunity of fractality principle's realization for synthesis of superbroadband elements of multiband antenna arrays is resulted by natural measurements of characteristics of the created breadboard model antenna component, which corresponds a set of asymmetrical self-similar TEM-horns, enclosed to each other


I IN A PREVIOUS ARTICLE I argued that Plato's Line of Knowledge in the middle of his Republic taught a "pedagogy of complete reflection."(1) What I intend to show in this article is that the general lines of that "complete reflection" indicated in the Republic are brought down to the everyday in the Theaetetus where we are invited, among other things, to reflect upon what is involved in the fact that we are reading the dialogue in our lifeworld. In the Republic the proportional construction of the visible line drawn according to instructions invited reflection upon its instantiating a geometrical theorem involving the equality of its central segments. Further reflection situated the theorem in the wider field of levels of knowing by placing it on the third level of the same line taken differently, that is, metaphorically. Reflection upon the sameness and difference between a theorem and its visible instantiation and, correspondingly, between intellection and sensation introduced us to an otherwise empty fourth level of reflection upon the framework presupposed not only in mathematics but in every situation of human wakefulness. The initial aim of such increasingly wider levels of reflection was to introduce us to the notion of the Good as object of the philosophic quest. The Good is; proclaimed as "the principle of the whole" which grounds philosophic contemplation of "all time and all [GREEK TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]," grounds, that is, the consideration of the interplay of temporal individual (for example, a drawn line) and atemporal Form (the theorem represented by the line). The Good is thus [GREEK TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] ("beyond [GREEK TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]") because it is related to more than the level of Form, including in its domain the whole of the temporal as well. Complete reflection thus requires a return to the Cave of time and individuality where thought always takes place. The Line should thus be read as a segment of a circle which rises from fixation upon the concrete situation in which one finds oneself unreflectively in order to grasp reflectively the intelligible lines of the whole so that one can participate more reflectively and more comprehensively in the concrete world. That is why Plato is not only master of dialectic, but also master of the image.(2) Theaetetus is the first of three works, followed in turn by the Sophist and the Statesman. The questions as to the nature of knowledge and of [GREEK TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] raised in the Theaetetus are linked to the question of the sameness and/or difference between the philosopher, the sophist, and the statesman. Since Plato expressly links them, what is said in each dialogue has to be seen in relation to what is going on in all of them. Our focus will be upon some of the central features of the Theaetetus, but we will also employ significant insights from the other two dialogues. After the preface to the Theaetetus, the body of the dialogue is read to the original interlocutors by a slaveboy recounting the event, many years previous, of the introduction of Socrates to Theaetetus by Theodorus the geometer. Socrates proceeded to examine three theses advanced by Theaetetus as to the nature of knowledge: that it is [GREEK TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] or immediate sensation,(3) that it is [GREEK TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] or true opinion,(4) and that it is true opinion accompanied by a [GREEK TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII].(5) An examination of the meaning of [GREEK TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] in turn involves three options: that it is clarification through "the stream that comes from the mouth,"(6) that it is reducible to elements, and that it is the providing of a difference. Each successive thesis presupposes the former as a reflective remark upon it. Thus the thesis itself that knowledge is sensation is presented sensorily in speech; it is an example of [GREEK TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], which turns out to be false; and both theses are worked out by "giving an account. …


The pressing need for clinical diagnostics has required the development of novel nucleic acid-based detection technologies that are sensitive, fast, and inexpensive, and that can be deployed at point-of-care. Recently, the RNA-guided ribonuclease CRISPR-Cas13 has been successfully harnessed for such purposes. However, developing assays for detection of genetic variability, for example single-nucleotide polymorphisms, is still challenging and previously described design strategies are not always generalizable. Here, we expanded our characterization of LbuCas13a RNA-detection specificity by performing a combination of experimental RNA mismatch tolerance profiling, molecular dynamics simulations, protein, and crRNA engineering. We found certain positions in the crRNA-target-RNA duplex that are particularly sensitive to mismatches and establish the effect of RNA concentration in mismatch tolerance. Additionally, we determined that shortening the crRNA spacer or modifying the direct repeat of the crRNA leads to stricter specificities. Furthermore, we harnessed our understanding of LbuCas13a allosteric activation pathways through molecular dynamics and structure-guided engineering to develop novel Cas13a variants that display increased sensitivities to single-nucleotide mismatches. We deployed these Cas13a variants and crRNA design strategies to achieve superior discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 strains compared to wild-type LbuCas13a. Together, our work provides new design criteria and new Cas13a variants for easier-to-implement Cas13-based diagnostics. KEY POINTS Certain positions in the Cas13a crRNA-target-RNA duplex are particularly sensitive to mismatches. Understanding Cas13a's allosteric activation pathway allowed us to develop novel high-fidelity Cas13a variants. These Cas13a variants and crRNA design strategies achieve superior discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 strains. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT New strategies to improve Cas13a RNA-detection specificity developed via mismatch tolerance profiling, uncovering features that modulate specificity, and structure-guided engineering of LbuCas13a.


INTRODUCTION During the three-year intervention in Somalia (1992-1995), more than 130 peacekeepers died. This was the highest fatality rate in the history of peacekeeping. Significantly, the death of 18 United States Rangers during October 1993 led to the withdrawal of US troops from Somalia soon thereafter. By March 1995, the complete withdrawal of United Nations peacekeeping troops had been effected, with few of the mandate objectives of UNOSOM II achieved. In May 1994, President Clinton's Presidential Decision Directive 25 had decreed that the US would not intervene in future crises unless American national interests were clearly at stake, and the mission had clear and limited objectives, including a well-defined exit strategy. But the horrors of Rwanda, and more recent crises in Burundi, Zaire, the Congo Republic, Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic made it clear that there remained an urgent need for the international community to develop methods for rapid and effective intervention in African conflicts. At present, response capacity depends on the UN standby forces arrangement, which has proven grossly inadequate for meeting the challenges of rapid intervention in African crises. The solution, it seemed, was to devolve responsibility for such interventions from the international community to African countries and organisations.


Theoretical positron-lifetime spectra are derived for targets with structures such that positrons can diffuse into interstices where they remain trapped until, after a distinct lifetime, they annihilate with an electron into $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ quanta. Exact expressions and convenient approximate formulas for different structural geometries are presented. The contribution of trapped positrons to the angular correlation between the two annihilation $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ quanta is derived. The propagation of errors in determining positron-diffusion constants or, conversely, parameters of the target microstructure from positron-annihilation characteristics is discussed.


It takes courage to be an historian. Striding forth from the comfortable knowledge of our own time and place to explore the mysteries of the past, a past often shrouded in a miasma of uncertain memories confounded by missing or incomplete records, we nevertheless seek to explain for ourselves and for others how the present came to be the way it is. Since our last effort, two years have quickly passed, time enough for dozens and dozens of books and journal articles to appear as tokens of our industrious output. It is time once again to gather together the disparate writings that characterize our collective efforts to understand the library past and make some sense out of what we have done. As usual, this essay is broadly conceived, taking into account a wide range of contributions both from active historians and from those who only dabble in our scholarly enterprise. And as usual, the present writer wishes to acknowledge that he stands on the shoulders of giants who established the tradition of this biennial exercise.


In order, in the case of a short overall length, to increase throughput and/or reduce wear, the discharge zone (A) is 0.5 to 1.5 D long. D is the external diameter of the screws in the feed zone (E). Single or multiple flight screw profiles have pitches (H2) in the discharge zone of between 0.3 and 1 D. The screw circumferential velocities may be 1 to 2.5 m/s.


CAK, B. and O. YILMAZ, 2015. Milk yield performances of Brown Swiss cows raised at Mus Alparslan State Farm in Turkey. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 21: 436–439 This research was carried out to reveal milk yield performances of Brown Swiss cows bred at Mus Alparslan State Farm in Turkey, and contribute to projection of the farm in the future. In the research, a total of 935 data belonging to 280 cows between the years 2005-2010 were used. Average lactation milk yield, 305-days milk yield, and lactation length of Brown Swiss cows, are determined respectively as 4639.79 kg, 4478.31 kg and 308.83 days. It is founded that effect of lactation number, calving year, and calving season are signifi cant (P 0.05); furthermore effects of calving age, lactation number, calving year, and calving season were not signifi cant (P > 0.05) on lactation length. The results of this study showed that milk yield performances of Brown Swiss cows raised at Mus Alparslan State Farm are better than fi ndings of researches conducted in previous years in the same farm, and lactation length resembles to standard lactation length suggest that herd directing programs is directed well, however lactation milk yield of Brown Swiss cows is lower than fi ndings stated for the same breed cow in some local and foreign literatures. For this reason, making researches for improving milk yield performances of Brown Swiss cows in the farm will be benefi cial.


Based on statistic data, this paper discusses the tendency of consumption's decreasing contribution to economic development in China and the danger of this tendency. Then the paper analyzes the causes of the tendency, pointing out that the chief cause for this phenomenon is the slow increase of peasants' income. Finally the paper puts forward some suggestions concerning the increase of peasants' income.


Insertion of one equivalent of methyl(phenyl)ketene or cyclohexyl(phenyl)ketene into the Sb–Si bond of [FeCp*(CO)2{Sb(SiMe3)2}] afforded η1-stibaallyliron complexes [(OC)2(η5-C5Me5)Fe–Sb(SiMe3)C(OSiMe3) CR1Ph] (R1 = c-C6H11 or Me). The remaining Sb–Si bond was readily cleaved by C2Cl6 to give complexes [(OC)2Cp*Fe–Sb(Cl)C(OSiMe3)CR1Ph]. Treatment of the latter where R1 = Ph with LiSb(SiMe3)2·2.8thf, LiCCPh, or LiC(N2)SiMe3 resulted in the formation of compounds [(OC)2Cp*Fe–Sb(R)C(OSiMe3)CPh2 [R = Sb(SiMe3)2, CCPh or C(N2)SiMe3]. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analyses and spectra (IR, 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR). The molecular structure of [(OC)2Cp*Fe–Sb(Cl)C(OSiMe3)CPh2] was elucidated by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.


In order to study the spatial variability and prediction of soil available nitrogen(SAN)of different vegetation types,SAN of five different vegetation types was examined using classical statistics and geostatistics.In combination with geographic information system(GIS),the study analyzed the relationship between vegetation type and SAN.Prediction model of SAN was built using Hierarchical Bayesian method.The results showed that:1)SAN decreased with soil depth.Among the five vegetation types,broadleaf forest land had the greatest content of SAN,while the coniferous forest land had the lowest.2)Spatial variability of five vegetation types had no regulation horizontally and vertically,and its range increased with soil depth.3)The distribution of SAN was characterized by strips and patches.SAN had a high distribution in the southwest of research area and the rest of high content was patch distribution.SAN of open forest land,shrub land and coniferous forest land was lower than that of broadleaf forest land and mixed forest land.4)SAN was affected by vegetation type and altitude at certain extent,it increased with the altitude.


Chemistry-inspired algorithms represent a novel approach to control dynamics in networking and communication systems, as well as to generally perform distributed computations. The benefits of using Chemistry-inspired algorithms range from the design (i.e., enabling runtime programmability of mechanisms to control network dynamics) to the analysis (i.e., automatic fluid model extraction of the implemented mechanism). Since their novelty, these algorithms have been tested by means of simulations and only recently in real environments: A Chemistry-inspired flow controller has been implemented in the linux kernel to regulate, at the transport layer, the access of hosts to a shared resource; a Chemistry-inspired algorithm has been implemented in an embedded microprocessor to directly control the RF transceiver and manage the interactions among nodes and let them convergence to a common value (consensus algorithm). In this paper, we further investigate on the realizability of this novel class of algorithms and propose a first hardware implementation of them. We describe a very flexible way of implementing an artificial chemistry for networking on FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Array). The provided middleware/abstraction can be used to deploy any (Chemistry-inspired) hardware controller, which is runtime programmable by simply configuring a few memories.


One of the goals of dialogue journals - interactive written com- munication between a teacher and students - is that students learn to communicate effectively in writing. The teacher can employ a number of strategies to promote this communication. In this study we examine the interaction strategies of one teacher for promoting student writing in the dialogue journals of 12 limited English proficient sixth grade students and the effect of these strategies on the length and complexity of the students' writing. We find that in the journals, this teacher responds to topics introduced by the students rather than introducing topics for writ- ing. She also contributes to the dialogue (making statements, expressing opinions) rather than eliciting student writing with questions. The result is that the writing is a collaborative effort, with the students and teacher mutually developing topics of interest to them and the students writing far more than the minimum required. Dialogue journal writing, written interaction between teachers and students, gives students the opportunity to write about topics of their choice, to focus primarily on the meaning of what they write rather than on its form, and to write to an audience who is known and who responds to their ideas rather than evaluating what they have said or how they have said it. Therefore, this kind of writing holds promise as a way to promote the writing development of limited English proficient students. Although dialogue journals have re- cently become popular as a teaching practice in a wide range of educational contexts, little is known about the nature of the interaction itself - the strat- egies that teachers actually use in written interaction and the relative success of those strategies for promoting the writing of their students. In this study, we examine the interaction strategies in the dialogue journal writing of one teacher and their effect on the participation in the interaction of her stu- dents, who were learning English as a second language.


The asymptotic solution of an interfacial corner between dissimilar crystals is expressed by the theory of anisotropic linear elasticity. However, it is not elucidated if the stress field obtained by the molecular analysis corresponds with the anisotropic linear elastic solution. We analyzed the stress fields around interfacial corners between dissimilar crystals using the molecular statics, and compared them with the asymptotic solutions. The stress intensity factor (SIF) is one of the basic fracture mechanics parameters, but there are few applications of the SIF to the fracture criteria of interfacial corners. We proposed a new definition of the SIFs of an interfacial corner between dissimilar anisotropic materials in our previous paper. In this study, the mixed mode fracture criteria of interfacial corners between dissimilar crystals modeled by the molecular statics were evaluated using the proposed SIFs.


"Suggested Readings" appear at the end of each chapter. Introduction. Old Words and New Realities. Where I'm Coming From. Some Books That Changed Our Lives. 1."What's for Dinner Honey?" Work and Gender. Work: The First Fact of Life. Tender Trap or SuperWoman: Some Theoretical Controversies. Talking Troubles and Carrying Conversations. Off to Work We Go. Value, Valued, and Valuable. "What's for Dinner?": Gender and Practical Economics. Planting and Harvesting: The Next Revolution. Interpreting Food, Work, and the Facts of Life. A Few of the Many Books You May Want to Read. 2.Love and the Work of Culture. More Than Personal Lives. The Personal Is Professional. Sex and Temperament. Situations on the Sepik. Daughters of Sex and Temperament. Beyond the Sepik. Intimacy and the World Stage. Conclusion: Their Last Great Work. So Many Books: Where Can I Start? 3.Blood and Milk: Biocultural Markers in the Lives of Women. Where Biology and Culture Meet in the Bodies of Women. Desire and Control. Comparative Childbirth. Breast or Bottle: The Big Controversy. Social Women in Biological Bodies: Some Conclusions. Some Very Important Books to Read. 4.Primates Are Us: Monkeys, Mothers, and "Nature." Studying Chimpanzees. Studying Baboons. Studying the Human Nature of Women and Men. Studying the Social Life of Primatologists. Some Evolutionary or Revolutionary Books to Read. 5.Patterns of Partnering from Romance to Resistance. Varieties of Arrangements. Questioning Romance. Reading from Romance to Resistance. 6.A Two-Bodied World: Cultural Systems for Separating Females and Males. Amazon: Women of the Forest and the Flutes. Melanesia: Birth and Semen. Islamic Middle East: Veiled Separations. Conclusions: What Do Systems of Separation Mean? Check Out These Books. 7.A Third Sex? Gender as Alternative or Continuum. Making Out and Making Up Sexes and Genders. Crossing Over and Cross-Dressing. Intersexed Children: A Case for Consideration. When Boys Will Be Girls. Two-Spirits in Native North America. A Fourth Sex? Cross-Gendered Females. Conclusions Beyond the Categories of Sex, Gender, and Desire. Important Books Beyond the Natural Attitude. 8.Life's Lesions: Suffering and Healing. Womens Wounds. Intuition or Authority, Magic or Science. Gendering Religions. Qualities and Characteristics of Women's Religions. Healers and Healing. Visiting Spirits. Wombs and Wounds. Liquid Life. Women and the New Spirits. To Conclude. A Field Full of Books to Read. 9.Who Owns Her Body? Challenges to Cultural Relativism. Human Rights and Cultural Relativism. The "Nature" of Violence. A Worldwide Case: Wife Beating and Wife Battering. Another Worldwide Case: International Sexual Services. Case Study Number 1: Rape on a University Campus. Case Study Number 2: The One-Child Policy in China. Case Study Number 3: Dowry Deaths in India. Case Study Number 4: An Ancient Operation in Africa. Conclusions: Can We Live Together? Some Powerful Books to Empower Us. 10.Invisible Workers: Women as the Earth's Last Colony. Characteristics of Women's Lives in the Last Colony. International Strategies for Solving the Problem(s) of Women. Global Perspectives on Women's Work. A Marxist-Feminist Thinks about Women and Work. Women's Powers as the Roots of Grass. Conclusions in the Post-Modern Manner. Reading, Writing, and Resistance. Glossary. Bibliography. Index.


Let $X$ be a complete normal variety, $B$ an effective $\mathbb{R}$-divisor on $X$, and $D$ a Cartier divisor on $X$. Assume that the pair $(X, B)$ is log terminal. We consider the problem whether $H^0(X, D) \ne 0$ and obtain some results in lower dimensions.


The utilisation of communication network models is growing day by day in a drastic way around the world. In order to communicate the data round the devices, the utilisation or the establishment of communication networks is mandatory. In this paper, a forked communication network model with the base of a queuing model and the equations developed for a better understanding of the model. The results calculated with the help of MATLAB and MathCAD Software. The results observed in detail in the results section. To better understand the performance of the current forked model of communication network, the performance metrics of the current network model had compared with the performance metrics of the previous two three-node communication networks. The comparison done with the arrival process of packets to the network in one model follows the Duane process. In other model follows the Poisson process, whereas in the current model follows the Homogeneous Poisson process of arrivals. The comparison had given in detail in the comparison section.


This paper studies the optimal asset allocation problem for an investor through utility maximization. A power utility function is adopted for this sake, and the model takes into account, taxes, and dividends and transaction costs. The assets available in the market are assumed to be risky asset, whose price follows a geometric Brownian motion, and riskless asset, given by the money market account. Interest rates are deterministic, and increase linearly over time with a slope equal to half the volatility of the risky asset. Transaction costs and Taxes are assumed to be proportional to the whole investment in the risky asset.


The utility model relates to a satellite positioning wireless distance heart ward-ship early warning system, the distance ward-ship early warning of a cardio-path and a heart health user can be resolved in daily life, the protection and the early warning of the heart is important. The device comprises a personal portable terminal and a network ward-ship center; the distance can not be limited in the area covered by the network, the information transmitting and the user precise position can be achieved, the exceptional of the heart can be intelligently detected and the automatic alarm to the ward-ship can be achieved to transmit the cardio-electric data, the cardio-electric data can be artificial reported, the user data of the automatic reported can be quickly and tentatively diagnosed by the specialist interpretation system of the ward-ship center, the rescue can be carried out according to the user message by the medical treatment unit, at need, the satellite positioning pointing can be pressed, the ambulance-man quickly arrives at the rescue site users which saves time.


SIR,-Your leading article (February 4, p. 345) certainly touches on some of the potentialities of television in medicine, but suggests that we in this country are insufficiently aware of such developments. I thought you might be interested to know that this topic featured largely in the proceedings of the First International Congress on Medical Photography and Cinematography last year. It has also been the subject of a full-scale lecture-demonstration presented to the Medical Group of the Royal Photographic Society this season, and other meetings are planned.-I am, etc., PETER HANSELL, Chairman, London S.W.7. Medical Group, Royal Photographic Society.


The complex inter-relationships between hyperandrogenism, obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia are the subject of much current debate. Insulin resistance is a recognised feature of polycystic ovarian disease that is characterised typically by hyperandrogenism, oligo/ amenorrhoea and obesity.' Hyperandrogenism may be related to high circulating insulin concentrations; it is known that insulin can stimulate production of ovarian androgens and decrease sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations.e-' During childhood insulin resistance is rare, apart from a period of relative insulin insensitivity occurring about the time of puberty." Serum androgen concentrations have been reported to be within normal limits in prepubertal girls with insulin resistance suggesting that the ovary, not the adrenal, may be the major source of abnormal androgen in later years.' We describe here the identification, at an early age, ofa patient with hyperandrogenisrn, obesity, acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance. This has allowed us to study the consequences of increasing hyperinsulinaemia during adolescence in both this patient and her younger sister.


With the fact that nearly 500 bituminous coal mines in this vicinity are served wholly or in part by central station power service, this discussion of power rates has been prepared principally for the A. I. M. E. members, assuming that the members of the A. I. E. E. section of this joint meeting are more or less familiar with the various forms of rate schedules.


Assessing agricultural practices and their environmental impacts at the regional scale is often problematic for policy analysts. And so it is with the Yaqui Valley. The main economic and policy determinants of change for farmers have originated at national and international scales, and have mostly been exogenous to production systems in the region. Since the start of our study in the early 1990s, farmers in the Yaqui Valley have had to respond to fluctuating prices for agricultural outputs and inputs caused in part by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA);1 a set of national liberalization policies for agriculture implemented in Mexico City; a constitutional change in the rules governing collective (ejido) land holdings throughout the country; macroeconomic policy shifts related to foreign direct investment and current account imbalances at the federal level; and swings in international commodity prices driven, for example, by changes in China's production and consumption.


BACKGROUND
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare tumor of the skin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis of 12 cases of MCC diagnosed and treated over a 14-year period.

RESULTS
Seven females and 5 males, with a median age of 72 years and MCC of the face (5), trunk (1) and extremities (6), were studied. The stage was I in 2 cases and II in 10. Eight patients had surgery, two surgery and chemotherapy and two chemotherapy only. The last two patients died of disease after 10 and 16 months. Three patients suffered locoregional recurrence after 4, 6 and 24 months and three were lost to follow-up after 8, 9 and 24 months while disease-free. Two disease-free patients died of unrelated causes after 4 and 48 months, while three were alive and well after 24, 48 and 84 months. The three relapsing patients received chemotherapy in addition to local radiation in one case. One is alive and well, the other alive with disease and the third died of disease after 84, 107 and 10 months, respectively.

CONCLUSION
MCC often recurs locally. Surgery is the treatment of choice, while radiotherapy is important for local control. Chemotherapy produces responses in the neoadjuvant setting or after relapse.


Sesbania grandiflora Linn. is perennial branching, small erect quick-growing short-lived soft-wooded tree, mostly cultivated in southeast Asian countries including India and grows primarily in hot, humid environments. This study investigated on phytochemical values- total phenolic flavonoid, tannins and saponin contents for Sesbania grandiflora leaf extracts. The total antioxidant capacity, DPPH, reducing power, superoxide scavenging and Iron chelating effects were examined by established methods. In-vitro cytotoxicity by brine shrimp bioassay. Both the extracts of Sesbania grandiflora were found to possess moderate to high amounts of phytochemical contents. The total phenolic, flavonoid and saponin contents were found significantly higher in EQSG whereas tannins were more in AQSG. The EQSG and AQSG possessed low IC50 for H2O2 Scavenging (32.9, 27.3µg/ml), TAC (35.6, 41.8µg/ml) and moderate for DPPH (114.9, 113µg/ml) and reducing power (176.3, 181.6µg/ml) respectively. The Brine shrimp lethality bioassay showed a significantly high LC50 value with EQSG (10313µg/ml) and AQSG (12773µg/ml) compared to cyclophosphamide (110µg/ml) in cytotoxic assay. The results evidenced the potential of Sesbania grandiflora Linn. as potent drug with antioxidant and cytotoxic activity and could be useful for preparation of nutraceuticals for pharmaceutical use in the treatment of various human diseases and its complications


Given a finite index subfactor, we show that the {\em affine morphisms at zero level} in the affine category over the planar algebra associated to the subfactor is isomorphic to the fusion algebra of the subfactor as a *-algebra. This identification paves the way to analyze the structure of affine $P$-modules with weight zero for any subfactor planar algebra $P$ (possibly having infinite depth). Further, for irreducible depth two subfactor planar algebras, we establish an additive equivalence between the category of affine $P$-modules and the center of the category of $N$-$N$-bimodules generated by $L^2(M)$; this partially verifies a conjecture of Jones and Walker.


-A color-banded population of Black-capped Donacobius (Donacobius atricapillus) on a Peruvian oxbow lake was studied during one breeding season and censused for 3 yr thereafter. Eighteen territories along a marshy shoreline were occupied by groups of 24 donacobius. Each group contained a mated pair and 0-2 helpers, apparently offspring produced during 1-2 preceding breeding seasons. Helpers participated in nest surveillance, territorial displays, and feeding nestlings. Displays occurred at territory boundaries and consisted of loud duetting by the pair or group. Breeding coincided with the rainy months, October through April, and peaked in November-January. Clutch size was always two. Egg and nestling periods each lasted 17-18 days. No correlation was demonstrable between group size and overall fledging success. Trios, however, accounted for all cases in which both young successfully fledged, whereas pairs never fledged more than one young. Annual survivorship of breeding adults averaged 71%. Cooperative breeding in donacobius is associated with limited opportunities for acquiring breeding territories, as in many other cooperative breeders. The relatively short period during which young serve as helpers (and the resulting small family sizes), however, suggests that at other times or places breeding territories are more readily available to young. Received 9 November 1983, accepted 19 April 1984. THE Black-capped Donacobius (Donacobius atricapillus) is distributed widely in lowland tropical South America (Meyer de Schauensee 1970). Little has been published on the behavior and ecology of this aberrant monotypic species, which was recently reclassified as a wren (Troglodytidae) rather than as a mimid (Clench et al. 1982, A.O.U. 1983). Only Skutch (1968) has briefly described the nesting of donacobius in Venezuela. In this paper, we describe the social organization and reproductive attributes of a population of donacobius living along the shore of an oxbow lake in southeastern Peru. With this report, the species joins the ever-growing list of birds exhibiting cooperative breeding. METHODS AND STUDY SITE All observations were made on Cocha Cashu (Fig. 1), an oxbow lake about 1 km from the Manu River in the Manu National Park, Dept. Madre de Dios, Peru (71?19'W, 11051'S), at about 400 m elevation. The lake is surrounded by tall tropical moist forest (Holdridge 1967, see Terborgh et al. 1984 for detailed habitat descriptions and a complete checklist of birds at the site). On the shallower (western) side of the lake, most of the margin is lined with marsh grass and sedge (primarily Panicum grande and Scleria microcarpa) up to 2 m tall. Other vegetation on this shore includes scattered patches of Heliconia marginata up to 5 m tall, occasional figs (Ficus trigona and two unidentified species), and, at the extreme northern end, some overhanging limbs of other forest trees. The opposite (eastern) shore has little marsh but, instead, is lined with overhanging limbs of forest trees and