The agriculture economy in India has succeeded in laying a strong foundation for food sufficiency with strong support of research network system. With the advent of changing socio-economic and technological scenario, the researchers are more competitive and their life more complex. The authors tried to explaining the importance of professional women in agriculture, and gave emphasis on stress-related aspects with respect to women scientists working g in Indian Agricultural Research System. The research study was conducted on quantification of job-stress of women scientists by following an ex-post facto research design through structured and standardized questionnaire. The variables, achievement motivation, experience, organizational communication, personal importance, stress in balancing work and task identity were found contributing positively towards job stress. It is found that the variables such as age, caste, need affiliation, need dominance, job involvement, rewards, job performance, rural-urban background, and qualification contributed negatively to the job stress. It is quite imperative that the policy-makers and planners should initiate proper planning, monitoring and evaluation of the organizational functioning, due importance should be given to women working in organizations to boost up their morale, confidence, invigorating the leadership traits among women and achieving the organizational goals.


Seriously ill chronic psychiatric patients may have general compliance problems misinformation and cognitive difficulties in retaining information which interfere with their contraception and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) prevention behavior. It is therefore common to see high rates of unintended pregnancies and STDs including AIDS among the seriously mentally ill. Mental health providers by incorporating family planning in their clinical services can do much to prevent unintended pregnancies and STDs among their patients. Taking a sexual history providing basic education removing barriers to consistent contraception and involving patients in contraceptive decision-making processes can help patients increase their adherence to effective contraception.


A university hopes that every semester students are able to pay tuition fees properly and smoothly. It is hoped that the institution will be able to maintain monthly cash flow so that operational and maintenance costs can be met. Therefore, this research was conducted to predict and fulfill institutional cash-in from the SPP payment method either in cash, installments or sometimes late payments every semester. In predicting the method of payment of tuition fees, using student profile data (name, name, study program) and grade point average for each semester for the past 5 semesters and the method of payment (cash and installments). Using the Naive Bayes (NB) algorithm, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Deep Learning, this research aims to predict college costs. Classification Prediction Model with Naive Bayes used in the research Method, Confusion Matrix Performance NB produced by SVM and Deep Learning, Confusion Matrix Performance SVM produced by SVM and Deep Learning, and Confusion Matrix Performance Deep Learning produced by Deep Learning.


paper describes team mb73's solution to Track 1 of KDD Cup 2012. Using FICO Model Builder software we generated many predictive features and latent factor models. These features were then ensembled together using the Model Builder Scorecard trainer. Session features derived from timestamps are found to be strong predictors. Effective latent factor models are built using information such as followed items, keywords, tags and user actions. Interactions among features are detected, and feature pairs with cross binnings are introduced within the final scorecard model to capture these interactions. i i , x w w f


The event-related brain oscillatory responses have a substantial role in motor imagery experiments. There are two patterns, i.e. event-related desynchronization (ERD) and eventrelated synchronization (ERS). In clinical applications and scientific experiments, an obvious event-related potential (ERP) is pivotal to achieve required tasks. Therefore, we explore how subjects generate the obvious ERP more easily. Eight healthy subjects participated in the experiments and completed motor imagery on two different scales (index finger versus arm). The results indicate that the motor imagery of arm reaches the better performance compared with the motor imagery of index finger. Furthermore, we make a comparative analysis in averaged power spectrum in order to reveal inherent phenomenon. The analysis of power spectrum further confirms that arm motor imagery has an advantage over index finger motor imagery.


The goal of this Space Physics Educational Outreach project was to develop a laboratory experiment and classroom lecture on Earth's aurora for use in lower division college physics courses, with the particular aim of implementing the experiment and lecture at Saint Mary's College of California. The strategy is to teach physics in the context of an interesting natural phenomenon by investigating the physical principles that are important in Earth's aurora, including motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, particle collisions and chemical reactions, and atomic and molecular spectroscopy. As a by-product, the undergraduate students would develop an appreciation for naturally occurring space physics phenomena.


lament the destruction of the temple in 70 CE. Goodblatt's final chapter takes issue with some of the previous monographs on the topic of ancient Jewish nationalism (specifically D. Mendels, The Rise and Fall of Jewish Nationalism [New York: Doubleday, 1992; second edition, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1997] and S. Schwartz, Imperialism and Jewish Society 200 BCE to 640 CE [Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001]). Goodblatt sees the larger problem of both Mendels and Schwartz to be their identification of ancient Jewish nationalism as something that has ''risen and fallen'' (Mendels) or ''collapsed and rejudaized'' (Schwartz), and rather, argues that the ''historical picture seems to be more usefully described as one of modification and change in the contents of Jewish national identity'' (210). That is, there is no rise and fall, per se, but adaptation, most especially in light of the two Jewish revolts against Rome. Goodblatt does an excellent job in his presentation of these various elements of Jewish nationalism. He is thorough through his combination of literary and numismatic evidence, along with the secondary literature available on these topics, and his argument for an ancient Jewish nationalism is persuasive.


In this article, the effect that the geometry of test samples possesses on the average compressive strength determination on compressed earth blocks or CEBs is evaluated, as well as analyzing the effect of heading them with neoprene plates, with the purpose of obtaining references from the experimental process developed that allow to propose the redaction of a technical norm of the Argentinian Institute of Normalization and Certification (IRAM). To this end, specific technical standards for CEB written by Official Standards Organizations from different countries were compiled and analyzed, and the current regulatory framework of Argentina on concrete blocks, hollow and solid ceramic bricks was analyzed. Using CEBs produced by different establishments around the country, tests samples with different geometries were made, and their compressive strength with and without neoprene plates heading was determined. The obtained results indicate that the most adequate test samples for non-confined compressive strength determination on CEBs are an entire block or halve CEB, both in horizontal position and without heading.


A model wine solution has been used to examine the ability of various components in wine to influence the spontaneous precipitation of calcium tartrate. An increase in ethanol concentration leads to a significant decrease in the induction period. At addition rates of 2 g/L, the order of inhibition shown by the wine organic acids was found to be citric > malic > lactic > succinic. Malic acid causes a 16-fold increase in the induction period for calcium tartrate crystallization compared with only a four-fold increase by lactic acid. The implications of these observations for calcium tartrate stability, especially in sparkling wines, is discussed. Amino acids which have a carboxyl or an hydroxyl group in the side chain, as well as proline, did not affect calcium tartrate precipitation. From the relative ability of the organic acids and amino acids to inhibit the calcium tartrate crystallization process, the structural requirements for an effective inhibitor have been determined.


The job shop scheduling problem minimizing the make-span is discussed. Two important theorems about feasible solution of the problem are proved. Based on these two theorems, a new kind of neighborhood structure is proposed for local search algorithms, and the efficiency of this neighborhood structure is analyzed.


This report presents case studies of four state initiatives to improve the coordination of care for Medicaid beneficiaries with mental health and substance use disorders (Illinois, Louisiana, Massachusetts, and Tennessee). The case studies focus on the strategy used in each state, including the financing mechanisms, state-level and local-level partnerships, use of data and information systems, and efforts to improve coordination with housing. Moreover, the case studies sought to describe the "on-the-ground" operation of the care coordination models from the perspectives of providers, consumers, and other stakeholders.


Abstract Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins) (DFB) causes considerable mortality to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in western North American forests. We evaluated the use of semiochemical-baited multiple-funnel traps for the protection of small, high-value stands of trees, such as those occurring in campgrounds, rest areas, and small parks when Douglas-fir mortality caused by populations of DFB were at levels of concern to land managers. At two sites in western Montana in 2004, three treated plots were surrounded by three trapping stations arranged in an equilateral triangle (200 m per triangle side). Similar, untreated plots were used for comparison. More than 2 million DFB were trapped and removed from treated plots during 2004, but this trapping did not protect Douglas-fir at either site. Conversely, the ratio of infested to living trees increased substantially due to trapping at one of the sites. Placing semiochemical lures adjacent to stands of susceptible trees may have concentrated beetles from the surrounding area. Though many beetles were trapped, large numbers of beetles did not enter the traps and consequently attacked trees in our plots. Positioning pheromone traps immediately adjacent to high-value Douglas-fir stands when beetle population densities are high, does not appear to reduce overall tree mortality in target stands and sometimes increases it. However, trapping combined with sanitation and/or and antiaggregant may be a viable treatment.


Background: Non fermentative gram negative bacilli that were considered to be contaminants in the past have now emerged as important health care associated pathogens.
Aim: This study was undertaken to identify and characterize Nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples.
Material and Methods: Present study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, National Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS) Medical College and hospital, Jaipur from July 2013 to July 2014. A total 150 strains of Nonfermenters were isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples. The samples were processed and Non fermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) identified as far as possible up to species level as per standard protocols.
Results: In the present study, 12.50% of incidence / isolation rate of Nonfermenters in various clinical samples was found. Out of 150 strains of Nonfermenter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii  16 (10.67%). 89 (59.33%) NFGNB were isolated from males and 61 (40.67%) were from females. They were mainly isolated from age group 21-30 Years. Higher rate of isolation of NFGNB were 85 (56.67%) from IPD and 38 (25.33%) from ICU patients. Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) followed by Sputum 39 (26.0%).
Conclusion: NFGNB should not be ignored as mere contaminant but correlate clinically for its pathogenic potential and identified using standard protocol so as to institute appropriate and timely antibiotic coverage
Keywords: Identification, Nonfermenter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter


Using a simulation method for the operation or design of an extraction plant, the simulation method simulates a multi-stage extraction system with extracting devices each mix fluids of two phases to extract .mu.m a substance contained in a fluid in the other fluid, and then the fluids of the two phases again separate, with the following steps: - Divide the operation of the extraction system in element models using object-oriented software, - Provide - a mixing portion which is combined from element models to calculate the equilibrium concentration of each component in the two phases and to calculate the mass balance, - a flow distributing portion as an element model for the simulation of dividing a flow of a predetermined partial flow ratio, and - a flow merging portion as an element of a model to simulate Vereinens at least two streams, - connecting the element patterns to a device model of a single extracting means, - setting up a process model for the operation of multi-stage extraction system from a combination of the device models and element models, and ...


Objective To discuss the image characteristics and clinical value of cholecyst polypoid lesion.Methods The clinical material of 97 cases which obtained pathological diagnosis were analyzed retrospectively.Results 91 of 97 had obtained correct diagnosis with 93.8%.Conclusion The image might be judged according to the number,size,morphology and pedicle The data indicate the chinical works.


: The purpose of this study was to predict the amounts of carbon sequestered in the Article 3.3 forests under the Kyoto Protocol during the first commitment period on a national scale. The land use change from forests to other land covers and uses was regarded as the Afforestation and Reforestation (AR) activities, and the contrary land use change was regarded as the Deforestation (D) activities. The areas of AR and D activities from 1976 to 1995 were identified using the national statistics. Furthermore, the time series changes in the areas were extrapolated from 1995 to 2012, the end of the first commitment period, using the power series and logarithmic functions fitted to the observed AR and D areas, respectively. Then the age class distributions of cumulative AR areas at 2008 and 2013 and cumulative D area from 2008 to 2012 were identified, which were converted to the amounts of carbon stock by multiplying them by stem volumes, biomass expansion factors, wood density and carbon content. By the stock change method, the amounts of carbon sequestration in the Article 3.3 forests during the first commitment period was calculated as the carbon stock in cumulative AR forest at 2013 minus the carbon stock in cumulative AR forest at 2008 minus the carbon stock in cumulative D forest from 2008 to 2012. As a result, the Article 3.3 forests would sequester approximately 3.81 million t-C during the first commitment period (= 0.76 million t-C/yr).


Lean management was first practised in the Japanese automobile industry. Since then, companies in the manufacturing and service sectors throughout the world have embraced it as modern management philosophy. The aim of lean management is to increase the quality of a company's performance, reduce costs and speed up operations. Successful lean management rests on the following: 1) elimination of hierarchial structures; 2) delegation of on-the-spot responsibility; 3) team-oriented action; 4) constant improvements to product and production processes; 5) "zero defects" company; and 6) affinity with the "ancestral" company. This study dates to October 1992 and an exchange of views at a meeting of UITP's Commission for Organization and Dataprocessing. During that meeting, the Commission members acknowledged the need to act within the framework of UITP and report on lean management and its importance to passenger transportation undertakings. This study is the end product of that discussion.


Robot spray painting process can improve the quality, productivity and provide clean environment in addition to minimize the labour and cost. This process is being used in automobiles, home appliances, etc. There is a need to specify optimal spray painting process parameters to improve the quality of paint coating considering the performance indicators as thickness variation, surface roughness and film adhesion. Compared to the Taguchi orthogonal array and gray rational analysis, a simple modified Taguchi approach is adopted here to identify optimal spray painting process parameters (such as distance, pressure and speed) and obtain minimum thickness variation, minimum surface roughness and maximum film adhesion. Empirical relation for thickness variation, surface roughness and film adhesion are presented. Test data are close-to/within the estimated range.


To launch study campaigns for Marxist theory is a basic foundation to promote the adaption of Marxism to Chinese conditions,a key method to ease the "scare for capacity",a vital path to increase the theoretical mastery of party cadres,and an important basis to improve the style of study.To launch study campaign for Marxist theory,we must advance the substantial effectiveness with great attention to the scientific flexibility of our methods.The practice and experience of the Party's study campaigns in the Yan'an Era is an invaluable treasure,which should be studied,referred to,and inheritated in China's reform and opening up,modernization,and party building.


This study presents a high performance GF(2 m ) Elliptic Curve Crypto-processor architecture. The proposed architecture exploits parallelism at the projective coordinate level to perform parallel field multiplications. In the proposed architecture, normal basis representation is used. Comparisons between the Projective, Jacobian and Mixed coordinate systems using sequential and parallel designs are presented. Results show that parallel designs using normal basis gives better area- time complexity (AT 2 ) than sequential designs by 33-252% which leads to a wide range of design tradeoffs. The results also show that mixed coordinate system is the best in both sequential and parallel designs and gives the least number of multiplications levels when using 3 multipliers and the best AT 2 when using only 2 multipliers.


PROBLEM: To examine the relationship between the concentration of uterine fluid human decidua‐associated protein (hDP) 200, identified as a monoclonal rheumatoid factor, and different phases of the menstrual cycle.


Abstract We investigate the pattern of dynamic interactions between the yen/dollar exchange rate and a set of fundamental macroeconomic variables during the post-Bretton Woods period. The major findings are: First, the proportion of exchange rate volatility attributable to the market fundamentals is quite small in the short run, e.g., 15.20% at a 3-month forecast horizon, but it increases steadily as the horizon gets longer, reaching 56.91% at a 24-month horizon and 61.98% at a 36-month horizon. Thus, the fundamentals matter in the long run. In the short-run, however, the exchange rate volatility seems largely self generating. Second, among the fundamentals, the interest rate differential and the relative money supply emerge as the most influential variables driving the exchange rate. INTRODUCTION Since the inception of the flexible exchange regime in the early 1970s, the exchange rate has been substantially more volatile than earlier pegged rate periods. As a result, the behavior of exchange rate has been investigated in many different contexts.' Among the recent investigations on the behavior of exchange rate, we may obtain the most important insights from the financial asset view of exchange rate posited by the asset market approach, e.g., Frenkel and Mussa (1980) and Mussa (1982). The basic idea of the asset market approach is that foreign exchange has common characteristics with other financial assets: An exchange rate is the relative price of two assets (i.e. currencies). The market efficiency postulated for financial assets is an implication of the financial asset view of the exchange rate. Specifically, the current spot exchange rate reflects all relevant information concerning present and expected courses of fundamental determinants of exchange rate. The financial asset view, therefore, implies that the exchange rate changes only in response to information (news or innovation) contained in unexpected change in fundamental variables relevant to the asset's price determination. Existing literature pays relatively little attention to the dynamic responses of exchange rates to unexpected changes in fundamental variables with the exception of Dornbusch (1976). Furthermore, exchange rate theories traditionally considered fundamental variables as exogenous to the exchange rate. Thus the possible multilateral interactions among fundamental variables and the exchange rate itself tend to be ignored in the literature. However, it is apparent that both the exchange rate and fundamental variables would be regarded as endogenous in a model allowing for multilateral interactions among themselves. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanism of dynamic multilateral interactions between the yen/dollar exchange rate and fundamental variables under the flexible exchange regime. Specifically, this paper addresses the following issue: How is the yen/dollar exchange volatility accounted for by each of fundamental variables, including the exchange rate itself? The empirical results may help to identify relevant fundamental variables which affect the volatility of the yen/dollar rate most. The primary reason for focusing on the yen/dollar exchange rate is the considerable fluctuation in the yen/dollar rate in recent years. The fluctuation affects all levels of economic activities and financial decisions not only for the U.S. and Japan, but also for other Asian countries and elsewhere. Traditionally, Asian countries tend to settle their international trade using either the U.S. dollar or the Japanese yen. The alignment of the value of their currencies when compared to the yen/dollar rate has always been an important policy issue for some Asian countries. Asian countries, therefore, closely monitor the behavior of the yen/dollar rate to decide a favorable currency to settle their international transactions. Furthermore, the U.S. and Japan are two leading economic powers in the world. …


Firstly, the model of an underground gas reservoir is discussed. Secondly, the main function for an automation system is determined. Then the modular structure of such a system is presented. The main criterion for evaluation of the automation system is discussed. An example of an automation system structure of one Polish gas reservoir is presented.


Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory colonic disease with repetitive episodes of remission and relapse. Although the precise etiology of UC remains unclear, interactions between the immune system and the environment and, in particular, interactions between the genetic make-up and gut microbiota are considered to be the main factors responsible for UC development.1 Recently, the therapeutic options for UC have increased, and several biologic agents, including anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents (infliximab, certolizumab pegol, adalimumab, and golimumab) and anti-integrin molecules (natalizumab and vedolizumab), are now available in clinical practice.2 These biologic agents could be an optimal choice for the treatment of patients with moderately to severely active UC who have not been successfully treated with conventional therapies consisting of steroids and/or immunomodulators.3,4 In the absence of head-to-head trials, recently, two network meta-analyses have been conducted to compare the efficacy of various biologic agents in the treatment of moderately to severely active UC. Danese et al.5 showed that biologic agents (adalimumab, golimumab, infliximab, and vedolizumab) were superior to a placebo in terms of induction or maintenance of clinical remission and suggested that infliximab is more likely to induce a favorable clinical outcome than adalimumab. Stidham et al.6 demonstrated that biologic agents (infliximab, adalimumab, and golimumab) are effective in the induction and maintenance of remission of UC and showed that no single agent is clinically superior to any other.

Adalimumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against TNF-α. Phase III trials in patients with moderately to severely active UC have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of adalimumab in inducing and maintaining clinical remission at an induction dose of 160/80 mg (week 0/week 2) and a maintenance dose of 40 mg every other week.7,8 Colombel et al.9 showed that long-term treatment with adalimumab for up to 4 years is well tolerated and is beneficial for patients with moderately to severely active UC. Based on these results, adalimumab has been approved worldwide for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active UC.

When deciding upon a biologic agent, several parameters including patient preference, potential for immunogenicity, and cost-effectiveness as well as comparative efficacy and safety should be considered. Because adalimumab is administered subcutaneously and requires a short time for therapy, which consists of a single injection, this agent can be used conveniently and easily at home. A prospective survey to assess the preferences of patients for selecting anti-TNF agents revealed that the majority of patients preferred agents that were administered by subcutaneous injection rather than by intravenous infusion.10 Associations between immunogenic events (such as infusion reactions and loss of response) and antibodies to infliximab or adalimumab have been demonstrated. According to data from Ben-Horin et al.,11 antiadalimumab antibodies do not cross-react with infliximab, and switching between infliximab and adalimumab is often advocated when the response to one drug is lost. Cost issues might also guide treatment choice. However, data on the cost-effectiveness of biologic agents are still lacking.

Recently, Zhang et al.12 reported a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of adalimumab for patients with moderately to severely active UC who are unresponsive to conventional therapies. In that study, three randomized controlled trials were included to compare the efficacy and safety of adalimumab to a placebo. The authors revealed that adalimumab was more effective than the placebo in producing clinical remission, a clinical response, and mucosal healing, and inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire responses at week 8 and week 52 without significant severe side effects. These results suggest that adalimumab is an effective option for inducing and maintaining clinical remission in patients with moderately to severely active UC who are unresponsive to conventional therapies. The combined use of infliximab and thiopurine therapy was superior to infliximab monotherapy in patients with UC who were naive to both agents.2 Zhang et al.12 showed that adalimumab was superior to a placebo at week 8 in patients with UC receiving immunomodulator therapy, whereas similar remission rates at week 8 were observed in the adalimumab and placebo groups who were not receiving immunomodulator therapy. These results indicate that the combination of adalimumab and an immunomodulator might be superior to adalimumab monotherapy in patients with UC.

In the absence of head-to-head trials, these results could be helpful in choosing adalimumab as a treatment option for patients with moderately to severely active UC. However, this study has some limitations; the number of included studies was relatively small, and the analyzed follow-up period was not longer than 1 year. Furthermore, randomized clinical comparative studies differ from real-life clinical practice with regard to various conditions, such as inclusion and exclusion criteria, disease severity, and indications. Therefore, further systematic reviews and meta-analyses including long-term follow up and real-life clinical data are needed to clarify the role of adalimumab in patients with moderately to severely active UC. Moreover, head-to-head comparison studies would ultimately produce a concrete conclusion for choosing appropriate anti-TNFs and immunomodulators.


DURING THE PAST 20 YEARS, SHIFTS IN GLAUCOMA DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEment have occurred that affect almost 20 million Americans with intraocular pressure (IOP) above the statistically normal range. Prior to 1960, most such eyes received drop therapy to lower IOP, whether the optic nerve was judged to be damaged or not. Then, it became clear that some glaucoma suspect eyes with elevated IOP had normal visual field tests and continued to test normally for years without therapy. The era of "nontreatment" began. More recently, it has become clear that some glaucoma suspects with normal field tests have already suffered optic nerve damage.' These eves we clearly wish to treat, on the assumption that further damage will be prevented. This report describes nerve fiber layer (NFL) examination to detect eyes with glaucomatous damage. The method is simple to perform and clearly no more difficult to learn than stereoscopic disk evaluation. Because no response is required from the patient, it is not as subjective as field testing. The equipment necessary is present in every opthalmic office (direct ophthalmoscope and slit lamp/contact lens). NFL examination can reliably identify over 90% of eyes that have a visual field defect.24 Furthermore, it can separate out of the pool of glaucoma suspects a subgroup (about one-fourth) that have damage prior to detectable


A module M is said to satisfy the ECS condition if every ec-closed submodule of M is a direct summand. It is known that the class of ECS-modules is not closed under direct sums. In this paper, we studied when a direct sum of two modules is an ECS-module and when an ECS-module has a decomposition into uniform submodules.


In 2012, an old portacabin was moved to Scotland's National Museum of Mining to provide a space for teaching children about renewable energy. But this wasn't any portacabin - it came from the University of Edinburgh and was ground zero for several wave power technology breakthroughs. Occupied by the team of Stephen Salter, pioneer of the 'duck' wave power converter, over a 30-year period, the portacabin spawned three companies. Together they contributed about £200m to the Scottish economy but have also shown the potential and pitfalls of a technology still looking to prove itself. Like the waves it's trying to harness, the industry has had its peaks and troughs. In the last 18 months, two big Scottish wave power companies have gone into administration - in November 2014 Pelamis Wave Power, which started in Salter's portacabin, and in October 2015 Aquamarine Power, whose `Oyster' device was being tested at the European Marine Energy Centre in Orkney. "It was a hugely gutting process. It was 17 years and 750 person years of engineering effort," says Pelamis founder Richard Yemm of his company's failure. The Scottish government, however, has a plan to kick-start the industry and prevent it from becoming another technology lost to foreign competitors. In February 2015 it established a public innovation company, Wave Energy Scotland, investing £14.3m over a 13-month period including acquiring some Pelamis assets.


P resent study offered for the laminar free convection boundary layer flow of Eyring-powell non-Newtonian fluid past a horizontal circular cylinder in the occurrence of magnetic effect, and Soret, Dufour effects. The cylinder surface is maintained at non-uniform surface temperature. The boundary layer conservation equations, transformed into non-dimensional form via appropriate non-similarity variables, and the emerging boundary value problem is solved computationally with the second order accurate implicit Keller-Box finite difference scheme. Evaluation on velocity, temperature and concentration are illustrated graphically. Skin friction and Nusselt number are presented tabular form.


Hardware in loop simulation HILS-based waypoint simulation for fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed in this paper. It uses an open-source arducopter as a flight controller, mission planner, and X-plane simulator. Waypoint simulation is carried out in the flight controller and executed in an X-plane simulator through a mission planner. A fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle with an inverted T tail configuration has been chosen to study and validate waypoint flight control algorithms. The data transmission between mission planner and flight controller is done by serial protocol, whereas data exchange between X-plane and mission planner is done by User Datagram Protocol (UDP). APM mission planner is used as a machine interface to exchange data between the flight controller and the user. User inputs and flight gain parameters, both inner loop and outer loop, can be modified with the help of a mission planner. In addition to that, the mission planner provides a visual output representation of flight data and navigation algorithm.


This research aims to study, explain or interpret as well as knowing the development of futsal extracurricular achievements at Bengkulu City Public High School. In this study, researchers and informants' perspectives are adjusted using a qualitative descriptive approach. The eleven Bengkulu City State Senior High Schools served as the study's subjects. The instruments utilized are observation, surveys, and documentation. Out of 11 schools, Bengkulu City 1 Public High School and Bengkulu City 2 Public High School were the only two that could be declared to meet the standards for futsal extracurricular achievement development based on the obtained data. The futsal extracurricular achievement development at the Bengkulu City High School level was categorized as still not good with a percentage of 54.54%. Bengkulu City 3 State Senior High School, Bengkulu City 6 State Senior High School, and Bengkulu City 7 State Senior High School are the three schools in Bengkulu. The recommendation from the research is that schools should pay more attention to and provide support for futsal extracurricular activities. efforts that can be made are providing a proper field, providing adequate infrastructure, providing competent human resources, and providing sufficient budget funds for extracurricular futsal in their respective schools.


Psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) are common in young people and are associated with both distress and adverse outcomes. The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences‐Positive Scale (CAPE‐P) provides a 20‐item measure of lifetime PLEs. A 15‐item revision of this scale was recently published (CAPE‐P15). Although the CAPE‐P has been used to assess PLEs in the last 12 months, there is no version of the CAPE for assessing more recent PLEs (e.g. 3 months). This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the current CAPE‐P15 and assess its relationship with current distress.


Purpose: This research aims to explain the influence of social media influencer (SMI), electronic word of mouth (EWOM), and perceived quality (PQ) on...


This video presents experiments conducted within the final review meeting demonstration session of the AIRobots project. AIRobots started at 2010 and the final review meeting took place on 22 of March, 2013. The presented experiments cover a wide area of the challenges related with aerial industrial inspection. In particular, multiple test-cases related with both vision-based and contact-based inspection and in general physical interaction are shown. It is highlighted that these experiments were recorded live during the project demonstration and evaluation process.


1. Introduction. The character theory of solvable groups has undergone significant development during the last decade or so and it can now be seen to have quite a rich structure. In particular, there is an interesting interaction between characters and sets of prime numbers. Let G be solvable and let π be a set of primes. The "π-special" characters of G are certain irreducible complex characters (defined by D. Gajendragadkar [1]) which enjoy some remarkable properties, many of which were proved in [1]. (We shall review the definition and relevant facts in Section 3 of this paper.) Actually, we need not assume solvability: that G is π-separable is sufficient, if we are willing to use the Feit-Thompson "odd order" theorem occasionally. We shall state and prove our results under this weaker hypothesis, but we stress that anything of interest in them is already interesting in the solvable case where, of course, the "odd order" theorem is irrelevant.


On the basis of the work of Chen, Zhou, Luo, and Du [Opt. Lett. 33, 753-755 (2008)], we propose a new method using nonperiodic sampling to design a high-transmittance structured lens. The sizes of the holes are decided by the phase requirements, and the holes are arranged with a fixed interval in the vertical direction while a variable interval in the horizontal direction. With this design method, holes can be arranged more compactly and the fill factor of the holes can be increased effectively. Numerical simulation is performed through the finite-difference time-domain method, and the results indicate that the transmittance of the lens climbs to 73.6%, which reaches almost 3.5 times that achieved in the above-mentioned work. Meanwhile, the simulated focal length agrees well with the theoretical design result with the error of 1.1% and the full width at half maximum of the focal spot is obtained similar to 1.16 times of the diffraction limit. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3528539]


Low phenylalanine diet(0.05%) was given to the Sprague Dawley pregnant rats at the 14 days of gestation and continued until the pups were lactated for 11 days. Body weight, plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine, brain weight, and brain phenylalanine and tyrosine were determined on pups randomly sacrificed at several intervals. Body weight of pups on normal diet (0. 36% phenylalanine) gained rapidly while the pups on the phenylalanine deficient diet decreased and did not survive during the period of 11 days. Brain weight of the pups on the phenylalanine deficient diet was significantly lower(P


The present invention provides a pipe weld line detection apparatus comprising image forming means and the fixing means; said imaging means mounted on the pipe through said fixing means, said weld line in the imaging range of the imaging device within; the fixture comprises a mounting ring having an opening, and a retaining clip connecting rod, the connecting rod are respectively connected to the mounting clip and the positioning ring, the mounting ring disposed around said conduit, said positioning clips in the pipeline, the imaging means is provided on the mounting ring. Line weld line detection device of the present invention can be used in the assembly line, especially for key parts of the whole mass of the weld line detection.


Mystery shopping is a marketing research tool often used to gather unbiased information for the evaluation of service quality to customers by the management of business organizations. This study therefore, examined the adoption of Mystery Shopping (MS) as a tool for the evaluation of service quality in the Nigerian Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). A survey technique through the use of a well-structured questionnaire was adopted using percentages and spearman rank correlation analysis. The results show that mystery shopping tool is used in Nigerian banks and that the application is associated with stress and anxiety for the employees. However, bank employees still considered the experience as being motivational. The result also revealed that mystery shopping has a significant relationship with quality service delivery in Nigerian Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). The study therefore recommends among others that since mystery shopping is one way of gathering service quality information, it should be used alongside other intelligence gathering methods such as complaints analyses and satisfaction surveys so as to allow factually based management decision-making.


This is a survey on the theory of measure-valued branching pro- cesses (Dawson-Watanabe superprocesses) and their associated immigration processes formulated by skew convolution semigroups. The following main topics are included: convergence of branching particle systems, basic reg- ularities and limit theorems of superprocesses, non-linear dierential equa- tions, modifications of the branching models, skew convolution semigroups and entrance laws, construction of immigration processes from Kuznetsov processes.


Wit is one of the fundamental keys to the theory and practice of 17th-century English poetry. The 12 essays collected in this volume argue that to study the wit of 17th-century poetry is to address concerns at the heart of the period's literary culture.


than that of the series with general term e-e2, and to wonder further what the order of magnitude of these circles might be, and whether one could determine it directly. It turned out that Borel's bound was incredibly weak: the convergence is actually so much slower that the radii of these circles can be shown to form a divergent series! That is to say, to state it simply for the unit circle, if the radii { rk } of the disjoint circles satisfy the condition >3= r.=1, then >It_rk= 00 A proof of this, using the machinery of uniform approximations to functions of a complex variable, can be found in Mergelyan [3]. In this paper we give a direct and simple proof of this geometric result. In fact, our method is such that it yields at once a result of greater generality: we shall show that the infinite packing theorem just mentioned holds not only for circles in the plane, but that an analogous result holds for spheres in n-space, as well as for more general figures.


This research was carried out as part of the Engineering & Physical Science Research Council and Sustainable Urban Environment research programme, "Re-Engineering the City 2020-2050 Urban Foresight and Transition Management (RETROFIT 2050)".


For January–July 2015, overall migration results demonstrate a rather sustainable situation. Migration growth constituted 131.4 thousand persons. This is barely 11.5 thousand less (9 p.p.) than for the same period last year. Major changes taking place in Russia's migration pattern consist in the fact that for the first time over many years migration exchange with Uzbekistan has come out negative. The Ukraine is undoubtedly leading in the migration increment whose share amounts to 65% of the total net-migration. Over nine months of the current year, total number of issued work patents has shrunk by a quarter. After all, due to the replacement of work permits for visa-free citizens with work patents system not only for employment by individuals (existed last year) but also by legal entities in a stable situation, migration flow should have grown. Nearly threefold fell the number of issued work permits for highly qualified and qualified specialists. Thus, indicators registered by external labor migration compared to long-term one clearly indicate to the crisis features in the Russian economic system.


In this article,short-range heavy rains were classified on the basis of 260 samples of short-range heavy rains happened in 2005 to 2006,also considered the characteristics of the weather maps and Radar maps.And the Radar echo characteristics of short-range heavy rain of difference weather situation were concluded.


The Journal of Studies in Language 34.2, 165-178. The present study aims to investigate what are crucial factors that influence Subjecthood in Korean when the NPs with different GRs are in a different position (possible Subject position vs. non-Subject position), especially concerning two selected Subject properties – honorification and copying of plural morpheme. An experimental investigation using Magnitude Estimation (ME), composed of sentences representing three factors (agreement with Subject vs. non-Subject, word order, GRs of NP) in two Subjecthood diagnostics, was conducted with Korean native speakers. Overall results demonstrated the following: i) The sentences with Subject NP controller (i.e., when the Subject has [+hon] or [+pl] feature) got higher acceptability compared to non-Subject NP controllers; ii) Different GRs of NP had less than half of the strength compared to the factor related to Subject vs. non-Subject in determining acceptability of sentences; iii) Scrambling of the NP controller to a different position had little effect on the acceptability; iv) Among the 3 factors, agreement (i.e., whether Subject or non-Subject controls the relevant feature ([+hon] and [+pl]) played the most crucial role in determining acceptability of sentences. (Korea National University of Education · Chungnam National University)


Nitrogen utilization and nitrogen budget were studied in sluge worm Perinereis aibuhitensis with body weight of(0.40±0.19)g(Group S),(1.00±0.22)g(Group M),and(2.00±0.50)g(Group L) collected from seaside of Zhuanghe,Dalian,Liaoning Province,reared in 10 cm thick sand tanks with circulating water,and fed flounder feed,at various temperature of 16,20 and 24 ℃.1)The nitrogen consumption of the sluge worm was found to be ranged from 14.3 mg/(d·g)to 22.0 mg/(d·g),with average 17.0 mg/(d·g) at 20 ℃,higher than that at 16 ℃ and 24 ℃.2)At the same water temperature,the nitrogen consumption was depressed with increase in body weight,from 10.5 mg/(d·g)to 22.0 mg/(d·g) in Group S,from 8.0 mg/(d·g)to 14.7 mg/(d·g) in Group M,and from 6.6 mg/(d·g)to 14.3 mg/(d·g) in Group L.The relationship between nitrogen consumption [CN,mg/(d·g)] and the body weight(W,dry body weight,g) was expressed as CN=aWb,with the maximum a of 10.618 at 20 ℃,and the b value from-0.2076.3 to-0.1911.The nitrogen consumption were significantly affected by temperature(F=79.125,P0.001) and body weight(F=34.308,P0.001).4)Under the experimental conditions,the average nitrogen budget was expressed as 100CN=88.99PN+1.58UN+9.43FN,with the average nitrogen retention of 11.8 mg/(d·g).


lar culture" both in the 1960s and even more so today as medicine moves from an exclusive focus on care of the individual to care of whole populations. Were "Harry" alive today, he might be momentarily taken aback by how the simple doctrine of informed consent to human experimentation has become so much broader and complex in the world of patients, health care professionals, and the larger society. Beecher hoped to get the medical profession quietly and internally to adopt standards for human subject protection without public disclosure. In this hope he did not succeed and disclosure and transparency in human subject research may have swung too far in the opposite direction in the eyes of some contemporary researchers. For young people beginning professional careers today, reading this book may help to understand how Beecher transformed an early medical specialty into what anesthesia has become today. May they all learn from the lessons of their forbears so as not to repeat some of the ethical transgressions on their patients in the future.


To say that teachers of film production should teach the methods of professionals in the commercial film industry seems axi omatic. Certainly from a vocational stand point, we want our students to gain experi ence in using the tools and techniques they are likely to encounter in the real world of professional filmmaking. At the same time, a major focus of students enrolled in film schools is the production of portfolio pieces that will win competitions and showcase their talents.


Introduction: Immunotherapy, including vaccines targeting the human EGFR2 (HER-2/neu) protein, is an active area of investigation in combatting breast cancer. Several vaccines are currently undergoing clinical trials, most of which are CD8+ T-cell-eliciting vaccines. AE37 is a promising primarily CD4+ T-cell-eliciting HER-2/neu breast cancer vaccine currently in clinical trials. Areas covered: This article reviews preclinical investigations as well as findings from completed and ongoing Phase I and Phase II clinical trials of the AE37 vaccine. Expert opinion: Clinical trials have shown the AE37 vaccine to be safe and capable of generating peptide-specific, durable immune responses. This has been shown in patients with any level of HER-2/neu expression. Early clinical findings suggest there may be benefit to AE37 vaccination in preventing breast cancer recurrence.


In this review, we critically discuss the recent advances, developments and remaining challenges and future development on photocatalytic application of well-defined hybrid Cu2O nanostructures for organic reactions, H2 evolution and CO2 reduction.


Let P1,P2,P3,P4 be any four different nonzero mutually commutatiove idempotent matrices and c1,c2,c3,c4 be nonzero scalars.In the present note,some sufficient conditions for the matrix c1P1+c2P2+c3P3+c4P4 to be an idempotent matrix are given under the condition that the mutual product is zero or the mutual product is equal to the either one.


The reaction of triphenylphosphine with the o-acyloxy-5 and o-acylamino-azidocinnamates 9, prepared from salicylaldehyde and o-aminobenzaldehyde, results in ring closure to give the 1,3-benzoxazepines 7 and 1,3-benzodiazepines 12,via the intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction of the iminophosphoranes 6 and 10 initially formed, respectively.


The importance of control system is well known in various engineering fields.The book is structured to cover the key aspects of the subject of design of control systems.This book not only covers the scope of the design of the basic controllers but also explain the philosophy of the topic.This makes all understanding of this topic more clear and makes it more interesting. Any suggestion for the improvement of the book will be acknowledged and well appreciated.


The learning process requires supportive elements, such as reading materials, to be effective. Providing appropriate reading materials involves adjusting the learning environment and considering the characteristics of the students. This enables teachers to motivate and guide students in constructing their language skills. Additionally, as a resident of Palembang, it is important to learn about cultural heritage to preserve the local culture. Songket, a traditional textile originating from Palembang, is one such cultural heritage. Utilising a booklet as a medium to convey information about Songket to students can enhance teaching and learning activities. The objective of this research was to develop reading materials for students by transcribing a Songket video. The researcher employed the Research and Methodology (R&D) method, as modified by Sukmadinata (2015). Data were collected through documentation and interviews. In the limited trial phase, the results indicated that the booklet required revisions in terms of content and design. Experts provided feedback to address inaccuracies in the content and grammatical errors and suggested adding the writer's information and the institution logo to the booklet. In the wider trial phase, experts recommended including additional information about Songket in the booklet before accepting it for printing as reading material. After incorporating all the necessary changes based on the feedback received, the writer concluded that the final product was accepted as suitable reading material for students, providing concise information about Palembang's Songket tradition.


Presents the obituaries for two individuals, Professor Ron James, who last taught at the University of New South Wales, and Iain McAllister, who taught at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in Lyngby.


In this paper, we proposed Isochron~a tic Infornlation. which is a metllod of strl~ctllral description of color images. Isochronlatic Inforn~ation is ~lsrfill to extract line featllres wllich are color edgrs and so on. And, s11rfiic.e fea tllres which are regions and so on. too. First. we sta te Isochroma tic Inforn~ation ant1 a r~lcthotl of i t s estraction. Nest, a method of line fcatllre extraction and description based on Isocllron~atic I n f o r ~ ~ l a tion. And, a method of surface fea tilre estrac.tion and description. 1311 t, it 's a fil turc works.


Method of manufacturing a system for heat exchange comprising at least one module (1) pierced by a row of channels (2) fluid flow, being start performing dichomodulo follows: - formation of a assembly (4) comprising, in parallel, a plurality of metal ducts (10) formancada one, with the inner space (16), one of said channels (2) fluid flow, arranged dichosconductos being between two metal plates ( 6, 6), and spaces (17) delimited by consecutive conductosdirectamente and said metal plates by a metal matrix (8) filling integrating dichoconjunto (4) also two elements (20, 20) of metal connection being filled being one provided with a plurality deorificios interns (22) respectively housing one of the two ends of the ducts, and being the otroprovisto a plurality of through holes (22) housing respective mind other of the two ends of losconductos; y- treatment of said assembly (4) so that a weld obtained by diffusion duct (10) condicha metal matrix (8) filling with said plates (6,6), and the two elements (20, 20) empalmemetalicos.


Lysosomal hydrolases (e.g., acid phosphatase, AcPase; adenosine triphosphatase, ATPase, and lipase) and the mitochondrial 'marker' enzyme succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) were evaluated histochemically in


A model for optimization design of wind turbine blades is presented,based on momentum-leaf pigment theory.Firstly,aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine is calculated.Then,according to the aerodynamic forces of wind turbine blades,optimization search is carried out by using genetic algorithm with a goal of the annual energy output in every section of the wind turbine blades.The best chord length and torsion angle of specific section wind field is designed by using the developed program of the optimum design.Simulation results show that,with the optimization of genetic algorithm,output power of wind turbine blade can be obviously improved,which proves that the optimization model is practical and effective.


In spite of its apparent simplicity Coulomb law, when applied to many body systems, leads to an amazingly rich mathematical structure. The simple idea that two similarly charged objects always repel, is not necessarily true in a colloidal suspension or a dusty plasma. Neither can one simply predict the direction of the electrophoretic motion of a polyion from only knowing its chemical charge. Strong Coulomb correlations in ionic fluids result in instabilities very similar to the gas--liquid phase separation observed in atomic fluids. It is fair to say that bulk behavior of simple aqueous monovalent electrolytes is now very well understood. Unfortunately this is not the case for multivalent electrolytes or molten salts. In these systems cation–anion association leads to strong non-linear effects which manifest themselves in formations of tightly bound ionic clusters. In spite of the tremendous effort invested over the years, our understanding of these systems remains qualitative. In this special issue we have collected articles from some of the biggest experts working on ionic fluids. The papers are both experimental and theoretical. They range from simple electrolytes in the bulk and near interfaces, to polyelectrolytes, colloids, and molten salts. The special issue, covers a wide spectrum of the ongoing research on ionic fluids. All readers should find something of interest here.


Abstract For perfet solutions, thermobarograms for binary mixtures of mesogens enclosed in a metallic cell be calculated. Experimental tests are performed with the metabolemeter on two mixtures of 4-methoxy-4′ -ethytolane and 4-methoxy-4′-n-nonyltolance using about one milligram samples. The experimental thermobarograms agree with calculations and allow very easily the detection of all the transformations. Moreover, for pure 4-methoxy-4'-ethylotolane, the volume change for the virtual nematic-liquid transition can be deduced. The methos is then used to determine the (I-methyl)-heptyl terephthalidene bis amono cinnamate and bis-4-n-heptoloxybenzylidene phenylene amine phase diagram; the microscopic observations about the existence of a mesophase which doesn't exist for pure compounds are considered; the concentration existence domain of that mesophase is determined.


Due to the sensitivity of the wind, the wind-resistant research of the large-span roofs is of importance, in which the equivalent static wind load (ESWL) is one of the focuses in structural wind engineering all the time. A comprehensive and detailed survey of the ESWL methods of the large-span roofs, which are related to wind-induced responses (WIRs) and structural stability, is presented in this paper. In the ESWL methods, the ESWL is linked with WIRs in general, it comprises the gust response factor (GRF) method, the ESWL methods based on the loadresponse-correlation (LRC) method, the ESWL methods based on POD modes of the wind and the ESWL method based on POD modes of the fluctuating wind and structural modes. The ESWL methods based on structural stability are relatively less, and lack a large number of fundamental researches. Finally, some conclusions and prospects are also put forward to give helpful suggestions for further researches shortly. CE Database subject headings: research advances; large-span roofs; equivalent static wind load (ESWL); wind-induced response (WIR); stability


Using the language of options, this paper shows how variance in judicial valuation under an unbiased judge may work to the disadvantage of the junior class in Chapter 11 reorganizations. Given liquidity constraints and information barriers, the parties to bankruptcy cases choose Chapter 11 to propose plans to distribute securities of the reorganized debtor instead of cash. In this context, we identify three effects from the valuation variance—the floor, the ceiling, and the feasibility effects—two of which favor the senior class. Our analysis puts in doubt the conventional wisdom (Baird & Bernstein 2006) of a systematic bias of valuation variance in favor of the junior class in Chapter 11 reorganizations. The framework we offer may also enable us to further examine the efficiency of absolute priority. *University of Chicago, Class of 2011; associate of Davis Polk &Wardwell LLP. I would like to thank professor Douglas Baird for his patience, guidance, comments, and challenges throughout the writing process since the summer of 2010. Professor Baird helped me tremendously to flush out the core ideas and refine the organization of this paper. I would also like to thank the late professor Be y M. Ho for her comments on the early drafts; professor Omri Ben-Shahar and other anonymous referees for their insightful comments that stimulated a rethinking of the thesis, which has led to a substantially revised framework; and Zhibin Fan, Andrew Qu, Yuli Wang, and Yanan Zhou for their comments on various drafts.


D uring the 1950s and early 1960s, nonviolent protesters challenged legalized racial segregation and discrimination in the only two places on earth where such blatant manifestations of white supremacy could be found—the southern United States and the Union of South Africa. Comparing these movements gives us a better perspective on the recent history of black liberation struggles in the two societies. The African National Congress's (ANC) "Campaign of Defiance Against Unjust Laws" in 1952 resulted in the arrest of approximately eight thousand blacks (including Indians and Coloreds as well as Africans) and a handful of whites for planned acts of civil disobedience against recently enacted apartheid legislation. The campaign did not make the government alter its course, and it was called off early in 1953 after riots broke out in the wake of nonviolent actions in the Eastern Cape. Repressive legislation classifying deliberate transgression of the law for political purposes a serious crime made the ANC wary of attempting another nationwide campaign of civil disobedience, but it could not prevent the congress and other black or nonracial organizations from protesting nonviolently in other ways. School boycotts, bus boycotts, noncooperation with the program of removing blacks to new townships, and mass marches to protest efforts to force black African women to carry passes* were among the actions of the mid-to-late fifties that the ANC led or supported. In 1960, the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC)—a militant


Based on the current customer loyalty formation model predicated on customer participation and relationship quality, this paper incorporates a new variable, customer internet involvement, to reveal how personal characteristics of customers would influence loyalty. The findings suggest that the participation of all customer groups has a significant direct influence on relationship quality and loyalty, while the degree of the influence varies significantly, indicating a higher predictive ability of the participation of customers with more internet involvement than that of customers with less internet involvement.


1. Comparative constitutional law in LatinAmerica: an introduction 1 Rosalind Dixon and Tom Ginsburg 2. Constitution making and constitutionalism in LatinAmerica: the role of procedural rules 17 Gabriel L. Negretto 3. Constitution making and constituent power 57 Joel Colón-Ríos 4. A critical mapping of transitional justice in LatinAmerica 87 Lucas Lixinski 5. Constitutional revolution in theAndes? 108 Zachary Elkins 6. The new "Bolivarian" Constitutions: a textual analysis 126 Mark Tushnet 7. Looking beyond the Constitution: the social and ecological function of property 153 Helena Alviar Garcia 8. Equality 176 Roberto Gargarella 9. Modes of disestablishment in LatinAmerica 198 Julieta Lemaitre 10. Judicial role and the limits of constitutional convergence in Latin America 227 David Landau 11. Ambitious constitutions: prominent courts 253 Oscar Vilhena Vieira 12. Between power and submissiveness: constitutional adjudication in LatinAmerica 276 Raul A. Sanchez Urribarri 13. The institutional limits of Inter-American constitutionalism 300 Alexandra Huneeus


Electric energy plays an important role in our life. From the ancient period human being utilizing various natural resources to develop electricity. To achieve different goals, we started to utilize conventional as well as non-conventional energy resources. But there is uncertainty of the conventional energy resources, as they are depleting fast. These upcoming scarcities of conventional energy resources and climatic changes increase the significance of non-conventional energy resources. Non-conventional energy resources like sun, wind, hydro etc. have tremendous potential to meet the energy demand. Out of these sun is the ultimate energy resource for electricity generation in India. As it is going to last for unpredictable time and is available in abundance throughout the year in India, a tropical region. Solar energy can be use in architectural buildings, as it is major dimension for electric consumption in the world. In India electric energy consumption in building industry is around 40% which is maximum of all and can be generated by non conventionalsolar energy. Solar techniques which are used to conserve electric energy can be integrated in buildings as an architectural element. So this paper is an attempt to maximize the use of non conventional solar energy in architectural buildings by using different techniques as an integrated part of building for the India region.


Predictive Maintenance (PrM) exploits the estimation of the equipment Residual Useful Life (RUL) to identify the optimal time for carrying out the next maintenance action. Particle Filtering (PF) is widely used as a prognostic tool in support of PrM, by reason of its capability of robustly estimating the equipment RUL without requiring strict modeling hypotheses. However, a precise PF estimate of the RUL requires tracing a large number of particles, and thus large computational times, often incompatible with the need of rapidly processing information for making maintenance decisions in due time. This work considers two different Risk Sensitive Particle Filtering (RSPF) schemes proposed in the literature, and investigates their potential for PrM. The computational burden problem of PF is addressed. The effectiveness of the two algorithms is analyzed on a case study concerning a mechanical component affected by fatigue degradation.


Prisoners' creativity can reflect their lack of wellbeing and provides an outlet for their angst, finds Colin Martin, reviewing two shows


The invention discloses a kind of intelligent domestic system, comprise PAN (Personal Area Network) telegon, multiple terminal node; PAN (Personal Area Network) telegon comprises device attribute Registering modules, Ethernet service module, Node Interface Module in device attribute table, net; Device attribute Registering modules in net, according to EIC equipment identification code, the corresponding home equipment status data of each terminal node, and device attribute table, generate device attribute table in net; Ethernet service module, is sent to Ethernet by each data item in device attribute table in described net, and receives the control command corresponding to each EIC equipment identification code and equipment call number from Ethernet; Node Interface Module, receives the corresponding home equipment status data of each terminal node, and the control command corresponding to each EIC equipment identification code and equipment call number received from Ethernet is sent to corresponding terminal node.Intelligent domestic system of the present invention, just can control all home equipments by an intelligent terminal, can carry out the Collaborative Control of home equipment.


Received signal strength indication (RSSI) is used in most cases of the localization system for its advantages of simplicity, requiring no additional hardware and low-cost. However, due to the irregular fluctuation, there are certain measured RSSIs which do not follow the empirical path loss model, while estimating the location of the blind node. So it's quite difficult to achieve high location accuracy. In this paper, according to the geometrical constraint between each distance, we propose a geometrical constrained least square estimation (GC-LSE) algorithm. This algorithm can both deal with the large errors that are mainly caused by the environmental change, and small errors that come from the devices' difference and operation mistakes. By reducing these errors we can greatly improve the location performance. With the numerical results from practical experiments, GC-LSE algorithm is proved to have a substantial improvement on location accuracy.


In Democracy May Not Exist, But We'll Miss it When It's Gone (2019), Astra Taylor foregrounds the need for people to constantly reason and reflect on 'the great Socratic question "How should I live?"' with the objective to mold and modify democracy's form. Once an ideal collective task in which everyone was welcome to join and participate, democracy has now become an exclusive undertaking and distant horizon as more and more people become disenfranchised and are denied the ability to disrupt and disagree with the current state of things.


We consider a mobile, autonomous searcher that aims to find the source of a broadcast message in a network of location-agnostic wireless sensor nodes. In certain types of networks, the hop count of the broadcast message, given the distance from the source node, is well approximated by a simple parametric distribution. The mobile searcher can interrogate a nearby node to obtain, with a given success probability, the hop count of the broadcast message. The search is modeled as an infinite horizon, undiscounted cost, and partially observable Markov decision process. A computationally efficient approximate online solution is obtained through policy rollout using a novel heuristic. Simulation results show that our rollout approach outperforms commonly used search methods based on a mutual information utility. We quantify the loss due to the use of an approximate hop count observation model and study the effect of statistical dependence between observations. Furthermore, we discuss how to account for this dependence by adapting an integer autoregressive model for the hop count.


Multi-Choice Policing in Africa. By Bruce Baker. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Pp. 227. euro31/Sek 290 paper. The issues of crime and security are constant concerns for the rich and the poor in Africa. Bruce Baker, professor of African Security at Coventry University, examines ways Africans ensure "communal order, security and peace" by police actions that include "prevention, deterrence, investigation,... and punishment" (p. 5). Noting the importance of effective policing for good governance, democracy, and personal security Baker points out that nowhere in the world, least of all in Africa, is the state capable of meeting all the policing needs. Multi-Choice Policing in Africa surveys the range of methods-formal and informal, legal and illegal, effective and inept, fair and partisan, restrained and brutal-used by African governments, communities, commercial enterprises, ethnic groups, and individuals to provide policing. Surveying policing actions and policies in a wide variety of countries, many where he conducted research, Baker reminds readers of the shortcomings of African policing. In part those shortcomings are a reflection of the over-militarization and over-politicization of policing established during the colonial era and adopted with little modification at independence. In part these shortcomings are a result of modern social, economic, military, and political realities, which foster criminal activity and limit state capacity to combat crime. Impoverished communities and governments, social inequality, youth marginalization, political transitions, structural adjustment programs, rapid urbanization, the easy availability of cheap weapons, and poorly functioning state justice systems are all mentioned as causes for why so many are ill-served by policing in Africa. Poorly equipped, poorly paid, and poorly trained police struggle to cope with the growing challenge of crime and conflict. Unfortunately, at times the police actually become partisans in ethnic or political strife or they sell their services to criminal syndicates. Offering a parsimonious and comprehensive survey of contemporary formal policing, Baker identifies the wide range of policing options used by Africans. In addition to examining government institutions, Baker discusses the plethora of informal policing efforts. These include private security forces organized and funded by businesses and neighborhoods, gangs and vigilantes that both protect and prey upon the people, and ethnic-based bands that alternate between defense and cattle raiding. …


Abstract 5-Ethoxymethylene-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone (1) reacts with hydrazine hydrate at room temperature to afford 5-(hydrazinylmethylene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone (3). Compound 3 condensed with different aromatic aldehydes 6a–d in ethanol in the presence of a few drops of piperidine to give the corresponding Schiff's bases 7a–d. On the other hand, compound 3 reacts with o-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives 8a and 8b in refluxing ethanol catalyzed by a few drops of piperidine to yield 1H-inadzolyl-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinones 9a and 9b. Reaction of compound 3 with α-ketoesters 10a and 10b or α-diketones 10c–e in refluxing glacial acetic acid furnished the pyrazolyl-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone derivatives 11a–e. Also, compound 3 reacts with some different enaminones 12a–f in refluxing glacial acetic acid to afford the new pyrazolyl-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone derivatives 13a–f. Pyrazoles 15a–d was obtained via reaction of compound 3 with chalcones 14a–d in dimethylformamide (DMF). The structures of all the newly synthesized products were confirmed on the basis of their elemental and spectral data, and a plausible mechanism has been postulated to account for their formation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


In a recent study published in the British Journal of Nutrition, Spencer et al.(1) reviewed the strengths and the limitations of the biomarkers of dietary polyphenol intake, since nutritional biomarkers may be a better measure of dietary exposure than self-reported dietary data.


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The article in this issue of JDR by Heaivilin and colleagues with the title 'Public Health Surveillance of Dental Pain via Twitter" (Heaivilin et al., 2011) introduces a potential new data source for dental surveillance and research, namely, publicly available information from the social network medium "Twitter". The authors present a novel idea and approach in using publicly available Twitter data to assess dental pain experiences. Undoubtedly, monitoring episodes of dental pain, including the impact of the pain and actions taken to relieve pain, is a worthwhile objective for dental public health and has indeed been assessed in previous population-based surveys such as in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) and National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) (Beltrán-Aguilar et al., 2005; NIDCR/CDC DRC, 2011). This perspective provides a brief critical assessment of the use of Twitter for public health surveillance and research. Public health surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data from defined populations for use in planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs (Thacker and Berkelman, 1988). The most important attributes of public health surveillance systems include simplicity, flexibility, and acceptability of the data collection instruments, as well as sensitivity, positive predictive value, representativeness, and timeliness of the data collected (Romaguera et al., 2000). It can be argued that tools such as Twitter do possess some of these attributes. Notably, Twitter data are available publically, and the data are relatively simple to access, extract, and analyze, as exemplified by the study by Heaivilin's group (Heaivilin et al., 2011). Furthermore, tweets are reported in real time by millions of real persons from across several continents and are communicated via a variety of simple and easy-to-use formats, which are increasingly accessible in most populations. However, surveillance systems are more deliberate and specific in their purpose, and their methods are standardized, reproducible, and geared toward collecting valid and reliable data over time from a strictly defined target population. In addition, surveillance systems are sufficiently flexible to accommodate Using Social Media for Research and Public Health Surveillance


There are places in industry intended for communication regarding continuous improvement. This paper presents an observation of the state of practice today in one large and two medium-sized companies. It explores spatial design in continuous improvement areas and how spatial design may hinder or support communication regarding improvements. Although implementation and development of lean manufacturing is a subject for research in an industrial context, the spatial design is not well developed as a supporting variable. Computers or digital visualisation tools are not used in the improvement areas of the studied companies, even though the companies have a highly automated production. The improvement areas serve as a complement to the integration of manufacturing through computers. The improvement areas enhance the possibility to develop shared knowledge of how the production works and to coordinate actions. The architectural and semiotic analysis of the spatial design for continuous improvement in industry implies a different perspective and includes aspects of cognition, information, communication and treats how and what the elements in the improvement areas communicate.


The author has formulated a panel dynamic model of expenses for social objects maintenance, has evaluated the model on the pattern of 20 enterprises of the Republic of Bashkortostan, has investigated the adequacy of this model. The author demonstrates the practical analysis of the given model.


Background: Globalization has implications for healthcare worldwide including healthcare disparities and outcomes. Cultural competence of healthcare professionals has emerged as a field to address such issues. Purpose: This thesis proposed to (a) critically appraise the construct of cultural competence and its assessment in healthcare professionals, and (b) identify relationships between cultural competence and selected attributes including ethnocentrism and international experience. Design: The construct o f cultural competence and tools to assess it were critiqued. This was followed by a cross-sectional questionnaire study associating the cultural competence of physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and nurses with the attributes of ethnocentrism, international experience, and additional variables. Subjects and Methods: Participants (n=71) were recruited from hospitals in Greater Vancouver, Canada. The questionnaire included demographic and cultural information, the Inventory to Assess the Process of Cultural Competence-revised ( IAPCC-R) , the Generalized Ethnocentrism Scale (GENE) , and exploratory questions regarding international experience and clinical practice. Results: Cultural competence scores did not differ by profession. Cultural competence scores were negatively associated with ethnocentrism, and positively associated with general (but not healthcare specific) international experience and desire to gain international experience. Number of languages spoken and proportion of people from other cultures in a practitioner's caseload were also positively associated with cultural competence. Discussion and Conclusions: Campinhe-Bacote's model and assessment tool ( IAPCC-R) for cultural competence are primary contributions to the field of cultural competence in healthcare. The well established I A P C C R focuses on practitioner's attributes but does not link these attributes to improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, the I A P C C R may reflect cultural sensitivity rather than competence. We argue that enhanced patient outcomes may be the more valid indicators of cultural competence in healthcare. Ethnocentrism and international experience were related to cultural competence, however causality within these relationships warrant further study. Studies need to establish the uniqueness of the construct versus general interpersonal effectiveness. If it exists, the construct of cultural competence warrants refinement to reflect its distinctiveness. In this way, its elements perhaps could be taught to healthcare professionals to enhance their clinical effectiveness and outcomes, and new directions for research established.


The structure and operation principles of power supply for AC arc welding with thyristor regulation of welding current and additional inductor were described. The analysis of harmonic spectrum of welding current was carried out. The dependence of power quality on current regulation angle was studied.


Data stored in the memory of the engine control unit can be adjusted and modified in order to change some vehicle features. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of such adjustments in the engine control unit on selected vehicle characteristics. These include the engine power and torque depending on the engine speed and fuel consumption. The measurements were performed under laboratory conditions in order to achieve the highest possible accuracy. The results show the possibilities of dynamic vehicle characteristics' improvement without having specific impact on the fuel consumption. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 24.11.2019. Accepted: 05.12.2019. Available: 31.12.2019.


Objective To explore the influence of nursing intervention on treatment adherence and clinical effect in patients with senile hypertension. Methods 102 cases of senile hypertension patients were randomly divided into observation group(n=51) and control group(n=51), control group with routine nursing care, observation group patients on admission nursing assessment first, and then develop a plan of the nursing intervention. Results After intervention, the observation group diet, quit alcohol, according to the medical treatment such as taking medicine on time and on time monitoring blood pressure compliance good patients were obviously increased(P0.05).The observation group patients with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure drop is more obvious compared with the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Nursing intervention can significantly improve the compliance of elderly patients with high blood pressure, decreased significantly, the patient's blood pressure is worth clinical promotion.


Pure BaMg2Si2O7 , and its europium and magnesium doped forms, have been synthesized by solid state reaction. BaMg2Si2O7 and BaMn2Si2O7 crystallize in an orthorhombic structure with the space group Ama2. The lattice constants obtained from X-ray powder diffraction are a=13.742(2) A, b=12.698(2) A and c=7.237(1) A for BaMg2Si2O7 and a=14.030(2) A, b=12.941(1) A and c=7.285(1) A for BaMn2Si2O7 . The emission spectra of the Eu2+ and Mn2+ doped BaMg2Si2O7 materials appear as broad bands peaking at 400 and 690 nm respectively. The luminescent studies performed on the samples with different doping concentrations suggest that the Eu2+ →Mn2+ energy transfer takes place in the doubly doped samples.


Objective To probe into the clinical efficacy on central obesity treated with acupuncture,cupping and auricular therapy.Methods 92 cases were randomly divided into two groups,in which,44 cases in control group(medication group)and 48 cases in acupuncture,cupping and auricular therapy group(treatment group).In medication group,sibutramine was administered orally.In treatment group,acupuncture was applied on Zhongwan(CV12),Guanyuan(CV4)and Tianshu(ST25),in combination with cupping along the Governor Vessel and the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang on the back,and auricular therapy.At the end of three courses of treatment,body weight,BMI,waist,hip and the waist-hip ratio as well as F% were observed.Results The total effective rate was 87.5% in treatment group,without significant difference indicated in comparison with medication group.Every index observed in two groups was reduced significantly compared with that before the treatment(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture,cupping and auricular therapy in combination has a definite therapeutic effect on central obesity and it is an ideal therapy without toxic side effect compared with oral medication and good compliance for patients.


Anesthesia professionals throughout the world should forever be very proud that the concept of "patient safety" as an entity and an organized effort was created and popularized by anesthesia practitioners. "Patient safety" is now a ubiquitous universal term that permeates health care practice in a multitude of ways. Taken in its broadest terms, the idea is today summarized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as follows: "... patient safety is the prevention of errors and adverse effects to patients associated with health care." There is a wide array of dedicated organizations, sections of professional societies and health care institutions, regulatory agencies, program initiatives, and investigators, all devoted to patient safety. All these efforts involve serious hardworking and enthusiastic leaders, officials, staff members, and volunteers —nearly all of whom are not aware that, conceptually, patient safety is a specific paradigm that originated in anesthesia practice; it identifies preventable harm caused by medical care and then attempts to prevent it. Credit, praise, and publicity (while, at times, pleasantly reinforcing) are not necessary for the involved anesthesia practitioners and organizations, as well as the entire profession, to have a significant sense of satisfaction from the past, present, and future accomplishments achieved throughout all patient safety efforts. Outlined briefly here is the history of, specifically, anesthesia patient safety, in order for those interested to better understand how it came about, what happened, and where it may be going. Note that this is a complex subject with a lengthy history that could easily fill this entire volume of historical accounts. Each cited reference in this chapter is a window that opens not only to a long list of further revealing references but is also a snapshot of the past that reflects a particular point in the evolution of anesthesia patient safety and its dramatic positive impact on now generations of patients receiving anesthesia care.


A pointer controlled by a pointing device, such as a mouse, is temporarily removed from a visual display screen when a first character is being updated on the screen. The pointer is left hidden from the screen until the event causing screen updating has been idle for a predetermined period of time. The pointer is not removed from the screen if the keystroke or other hiding event is invalid in the current context of the application program. The pointer is also immediately redisplayed if an event associated with the pointing device, such as either pointing device movement of pointing device button clicking, is detected.


Recursion in higher types was introduced by S. C. Kleene in 1959. Since that time, it has come to be recognized as a natural and important generalization of ordinary recursion theory. Unfortunately, the theory contains certain apparent anomalies, which stem from the fact that higher type computations deal with the intensions of their arguments, rather than the extensions. This causes the failure of the substitution principle (that if (p(aJ+', ) and 0(,BJ, 2) are recursive, then there should be a recursive A(W) such that A(W) (p(XflAi(flJ, 2), 2) at least whenever XflJO(fJ , 2) is total), and of the first recursion principle (that if F(D; 2) is a recursive functional, then the minimal solution D of the equation F(D; 2) t(2) should be recursive as well). In an effort to remove-or at least explain-these anomalies, Kleene, in 1978, developed a system for computation in higher types which was based entirely on the syntactic manipulation of formal expressions, called j-expressions. As Kleene pointed out, no adequate semantics for these expressions can be based on the classical (total) type structure Tp over N. In a paper to appear in The Kleene Symposium (North-Holland), we showed that an appropriate semantics could be based on the type structure Tp, which is obtained by adding a new object u at level 0 and, at level (j + 1), allowing all monotone, partial functions from type j into N. Over Tp, both of the principles mentioned above do hold. There is a natural embedding to Tp into Tp. In this paper, we complement the syntactic structure with a syntax-free definition of recursion over Tp, and show that the two notions are equivalent. This system admits an enumeration theorem, in spite of the fact that the presence of partial objects complicates the coding of finite sequences. Indeed, it is not possible to code all finite sequences from type j as type-j objects. We use the combination of the syntactic and semantic systems to prove that, for any qp: Tp(U) N, the following P are equivalent: A. qP is recursive in the sense of Kleene [1959], B. qp is recursive in the sense of Kleene [1978], and C. qp is the pull-back in Tp of some recursive A: Tp(G) N. P Using these equivalences, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on 9: Tp(U) N, under which the substitution principle mentioned above will hold for P any recursive qp: Tp(T) -N. With one trivial exception, the condition is that if j > 1, P then W must contain a variable of type greater than j. We feel that this result is particularly natural in the current setting. 0. Introduction. The study of recursion in higher types was introduced by Kleene [1959]. In this theory, rather than restricting one's attention to number-theoretic Received by the editors March 16, 1981. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 03D65. 'This paper is a revised version of the author's doctoral dissertation at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1979. (1 983 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/82/0000-0328/$11.50


The facial expressions of students in the class are one of the most direct and effective ways to reflect the emotional investment of learning. Driven by a new generation of artificial intelligence technology, facial expression recognition in classroom and learning emotion analysis based on video image comprehension has become a hot topic in the field of Wisdom Education. In the wisdom classroom environment, the emotional state of the students in classroom can be effectively recognized and perceived through facial expression recognition technology, so as to capture the emotional input of the students in the classroom in real-time. This provides an effective means to achieve differentiating instruction, personalized learning, and accurate teaching decision-making. Based on a large number of frontier research and recent achievements on domestic and overseas, this paper makes a comprehensive review of the technology of facial recognition and the study of emotional analysis in classroom. Firstly, the classification of students' expressions and the construction of the database are summarized and analyzed. Secondly, this paper summarizes the research status, key points, and development trend of class facial recognition technology based on deep learning in ideal and non-ideal scenarios. Thirdly, based on the classical emotion analysis model, the typical application of emotion analysis based on students' facial recognition is discussed in detail. Finally, this paper summarizes the current challenges and future research directions of emotion recognition technology and learning emotion analysis in classroom. It provides references and guidance for the research in this field.


A theoretical basis for the scattered decomposition is worked out in some detail. The basic result has been part of the "folklore" for some time, but has never been proved. The load imbalance expected from a scattered decomposition of a set of computational tasks is proportional <italic>n</italic><supscrpt>-1/2</supscrpt><italic>&sgr;<subscrpt>task</subscrpt></italic>/<italic>m<subscrpt>task</subscrpt></italic> where <italic>n</italic> is the number of tasks assigned to each processor, <italic>m<subscrpt>task</subscrpt></italic> is the mean time per task and <italic>&sgr;<subscrpt>task</subscrpt></italic> is the root mean square deviation time per task. The constant of proportionality is of O(1), and is a very slowly increasing function of the number of processors.


BACKGROUND
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently part of a multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome presenting in critically ill patients. Prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT) provides the advantages of both continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in term of hemodynamic stability and the cost-effectiveness of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD). This study aims to study PIRRT in the aspects of efficacy and hemodynamic outcomes.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
The authors present a single-center experience accumulated over 20 months from February 2009 to September 2010 with two PIRRT techniques, called SLEDD and SLEDD-f. Eight-hour treatments were performed daily for three consecutive days. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at different time points and blood samples were taken for urea and solute clearance before and after treatment.

RESULTS
Sixty critically ill patients with AKI were randomly assigned to undergo PIRRT 33 patients received SLEDD and 27 patients received SLEDD-f. Our results demonstrate significant decrease in BUN, creatinine, serum potassium and phosphate in both PIRRT techniques. Moreover with the use of similar filters and blood flow rates, SLEDD-f was comparable with SLEDD in terms of small solute clearance and detoxification. For hemodynamic outcomes, the authors found that MAP increased after completion of the first session of PIRRT and along the three consecutive days of daily PIRRT, together with the gradual improvement of vasopressor scores.

CONCLUSION
The prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT) appears to be an outstanding technique for treatment of critically ill patients with AKI and it also seems to have cost effectiveness. Moreover it is suitable to a limited resource region such as Thailand.


An expression is derived for the increase in mixedness due to an arbitrary deformation of a material. For mixtures having initial orientation this expression is a function of the principal values of the strain tensor and the orientation of the fluid. For mixtures without initial orientation, this expression is simply a function of the principal values of the strain tensor. Mixing in pure shear, simple shear, and pure elongation is determined. The rate of mixing for each of these deformations in steady flow is derived. A comparison of these rates of mixing with the energy consumed in the deformation shows that simple shear flow is a very inefficient way to accomplish mixing. For the example cited, five orders of magnitude greater energy is required to accomplish mixing in shear flow as opposed to extensional flows.


Three dates have been suggested for the celebration of the festival of Adonis at Athens, all of which have found adherents in recent years. Deubner, relying solely on the apparent evidence of vase-paintings, as interpreted by Hauser, placed the Adonia at the beginning of autumn. The only argument in favor of so late a date, that bunches of fresh grapes appeared in representations of the κῆποι 'Aδώνιδος' was disposed of by Nock, who pointed out that grapes were also kept until the feast of Choes, Anthesterion 12.


The study of thermal comfort in transitional spaces has become important for last 10 years. The current comfort standards like ASHRAE 55 do not reflect the climatic diversity of India. In this regard, an attempt has been made in this paper to investigate thermal comfort in transitional spaces of an institutional building in hot and dry climate of Indian subcontinent. Both computer simulation and empirical method are used to derive the comfort temperature for selected transitional areas of the building block. Thermal Comfort factors are analyzed through regression analysis for the study area. It is observed that, the comfort temperature derived from the simulation and empirical method are very similar and close to each other. A thermally acceptable comfort range of 30.06-30.39°C is established from result. Results from this study shows that people are comfortable at a higher range of temperature than that suggested by ASHRAE 55. An extended comfort range has been suggested for naturally ventilated buildings in hot and dry


The growth of power electronic technology in the field of electric power sector has caused a greater awareness on the power quality of distribution systems. With the re-structuring of power systems and with shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation, the issue of power quality is going to take newer dimensions. The present research is to identify the prominent concerns in this area and hence the measures that can enhance the quality of power. The research work is going to be investigates the problems of voltage sag, swell and its severe impact on nonlinear loads, sensitive loads. Protection of the sensitive unbalanced nonlinear loads from sag/swell, distortion, and unbalance in supply voltage is achieved economically using the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR).DVR is installed between supply and load which will inject voltage and active power to the distribution system during balanced/unbalanced voltage sag and swell disturbances. The control technique used to operate the DVR is SRF Theory with Proportional Integral (PI) controller. The performance of DVR based Synchronous reference frame theory (SRF) for the mitigation of voltage sag, swell for balanced and unbalanced voltages is going to be tested and Simulation results are going to be carried out by PROTEUS with its Simu-link to analyze the proposed method . Keywords-SRF (synchronous reference frame theory), DVR (dynamic voltage restorer), balanced and unbalanced voltage.