This research aims to see the correlation and contribution between the cognitive levels of the surrounding natural environment in students in class XI at Private High School of Immanuel Medan. This research was conducted on all class XI students consisting of 3 classes, with a population of 120 people and a sample of 93 students. This type of research is descriptive research with correlation techniques. The sampling technique was carried out by random sampling. The research instruments used were cognitive tests of the surrounding natural environment, distribution of awareness questionnaires for the surrounding natural environment, observation sheets and interviews. The research results show that the correlation value formed from the cognitive level of the surrounding natural environment with concern for the surrounding natural environment is 0.289 (low) with a contribution of 11.81% and regression analysis shows the regression equation Ŷ = 1 + 1.5091x. From the calculation results, tcount is 12.78 > ttable 2.78. This indicates that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, in other words there is a significant correlation between students' cognitive level and the surrounding natural environment and concern for the surrounding natural environment at Private High School of Immanuel Medan


This paper describes the design of a broadband, fixed-IF single balanced subharmonic mixer at entire Ka-band. The co-simulation between HFSS and ADS was applied to the modeling of the mixer. In order to improve the accuracy of simulation, an accurate diode nonlinear equivalent circuit is established and verified by testing data. The circuit of the presented mixer printed on the substrate of Rogers RT/Duroid 3003 with permittivity of 3 and thickness of 254 µm is mounted in a waveguide block. When the IF frequency is fixed at 1.5 GHz, the measured results show that the conversion loss of the mixer is less than 9 dB in most bandwidth from 25 GHz to 40 GHz. The minimum conversion loss of 6.9 dB is measured at 36 GHz. The measured isolation of LO to RF and LO to IF is more than 28 dB. The RF to IF isolation is more than 20 dB. The good isolation has been achieved.


Abstract An interpretation of the ω-equation shows that upward motion is closely related to the advection of vorticity in the upper troposphere and to warm advection in the lower troposphere. Examples are presented to illustrate both effects.


Objective
To analyze the therapeutic effect of laparoscopic combined with open mesh repair on patients with abdominal incisional hernia.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 133 patients with abdominal incisional hernia treated in Hubei Cancer hospital from February 2011 to February 2018, 62 patients underwent open mesh repair, as a control group, the remaining 71 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery combined with open mesh repair, as an observation group; observe the patient's surgical status, postoperative recovery, at 1st day after surgery detect serum oxidative stress indicators, including insulin (InS), β-endorphin (β-EP), levels of growth hormone (GH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). The patients were followed up for 1 year. The postoperative complications and recurrence rate were recorded.

Results
The blood loss of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The time of getting out of bed, the recovery time of bowel function, the first feeding time, the recovery time of bowel sounds and the hospital stay in observation group was lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of InS, GH and T-AOC in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the β-EP content was lower than the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05); the incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic combined with open mesh repair is effective in patients with giant incisional hernia and intestinal adhesions. The patients have small trauma, rapid recovery, and the postoperative complications and recurrence rate are reduced.

Key words:
Abdominal incisional hernia; Giant incisional hernia; Intestinal adhesion; Open mesh repair; Laparoscopy


This review focuses on faults in Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for use in high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems by analyzing the vulnerable spots and failure mechanism from device to system and illustrating the control & protection methods under failure condition. At the beginning, several typical topologies of MMC-HVDC systems are presented. Then fault types such as capacitor voltage unbalance, unbalance between upper and lower arm voltage are analyzed and the corresponding fault detection and diagnosis approaches are explained. In addition, more attention is dedicated to control strategies, when running in MMC faults or grid faults. This paper ends up with a discussion of other opportunities for future development.


AbstractThe first transition metal iodato peroxido complex, K3[V2O2(O2)4(IO3)]·H2O (I), was prepared by crystallization from the KVO3 — KIO3 — H2O2 — H2O — ethanol (HNO3) solution. The dinuclear anion is immediately decomposed in aqueous solution; the 51V NMR spectrum exhibits signals corresponding to [VO(O2)2(H2O)]−, [V2O2(OH)(O2)4]3− and H2VO4− species only. The IR and Raman spectra contain all characteristic bands of the VO(O2)2 group and the coordinated IO3− ligand. Based on the positions of bands assigned to the vibrations of the VO(O2)2 groups a pentagonal pyramidal arrangement around the vanadium atoms can be supposed. The crystal structure was solved from X-ray synchrotron powder data by direct space method and refined by energy minimization in the solid state employing a hybrid PBE0 functional. This crystal and molecular structure, has confirmed the presence of hexacoordinated vanadium atoms and revealed asymmetric dinuclear structure of the [V2O2(O2)4(IO3)]3− ion. The coordination spheres of vanadium atoms are different — the IO3− anion is coordinated only to one vanadium center. A thermal analysis of the complex confirmed the presence of water molecules in the crystal structure and revealed a considerable stability of the dehydrated complex.


The present invention is the vehicle as to when it receives the impact force from the side, and bulge the airbag bag body between the riding of the vehicle compartment wall that seated on the seat, according to the airbag apparatus for absorbing impact energy, the vehicle side time from receiving an impact force, it is possible to sufficiently absorb impact energy in the riding of the body part and head part of the by the airbag bag body, the air bag device that can be securely, protected also, securely bound in that seated on the seat will by that provided for the purpose, in the configuration, at least the inflator 22 and the airbag pouch body during a side collision of a built-in, and a vehicle for the air bag module 20, including 25 in the seat back portion 12 of the seat on, within the airbag pouch body 25 is bound with the expansion in the shipment to the space between the inner wall of the vehicle compartment is the airbag device, the airbag pouch body 25 is, the airbag bag body 25 It has a partition 27 for preventing between the upper and lower rooms 28, 29 as a unit, at the same time that the partition (27) formed extending in the vehicle longitudinal direction, two rooms (28), (29) forming a gas ejected from the inflator 22, the connection part (27a) for guiding the other side of the room 29 from the room 28 of the one side to the vehicle rear of the inside of the airbag pouch body 25 through open It is one wherein the.


【Task】 Dry gas is to provide a substrate processing method and apparatus which can uniformly and stably supplied to the plurality of board assembly. A Dividing the processing tank 10 in the cleaning section 15 and a drying unit 30, to form a gap at the junction of the two processing units, said the clearance communicated with the sink 29, when the substrate is dried, the substrate from the cleaning unit drying is moved to the processing unit by inserting a porous plate 28 beneath a gap is formed, the internal pressure of the drying processing section 30 is higher than the internal pressure of the sink 29, and the internal pressure of the cleaning unit 15 than the internal pressure of the drying unit 30 set lower, so as to inject dried gas to the substrate. In this case, the perforated plate 28 is preferably a punching plate provided a plurality of small holes having a predetermined diameter. .FIELD 1


Chromosomal analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been routinely used in de- tecting recurrent chromosomal abnormalities in patients with various hematological malignancies. However, the genomic imbalances underlying many recurrent abnormalities could not be delineated duetothelowresolution ofchromosomeanalysis. Wehaveperformedoligonucleotide-arraycompar- ativegenomic hybridization(oaCGH)inan AMLcasewitha15p/17p translocation,asuspected 9p21 deletion, monosomies of chromosomes X and 9, and 2 to 60 double minutes. The oaCGH findings confirmed the chromosomal observations and further characterized a 21.338-Mb 17p deletion, a 3.916-Mb deletion at 9p21.3 containing the MTAP, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and ELAVL2 genes, and a 3.981-Mb 8q24 double minute containing the TRIB1, FAM84B, MYC, and PVT1 genes, with an av- erage of 30 double minutes in each cell. FISH using MYC probes and bacterial artificial chromosome clone probes confirmed the genomic findings and revealed a progressional pattern for the 9p21.3 de- letion. These results demonstrate the potential of oaCGH as a powerful diagnostic tool for character- izing genomic imbalances for patients with hematological malignancies. 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


The findings and recommendations are presented of the workshop which sought to identify paratransit services that can be used in small communities which do not generally have planning staffs and often do not have regular access to planning information, and ways that these services can be implemented. The workshop also considered the development of regulations, and the roles of federal and state governments. The workshop found that paratransit services are appropriate for serving the transportation disadvantaged, but identified problems stemming from the low trip density of rural areas, lack of coordination in service, management and financing, legal and contractual barriers, and poor management. A major need exists for specific information on performance characteristics of paratransit systems. This information should include operating costs, productivity levels, fare structures, methods for estimating demand and procedures for project evaluation. The recommendations presented here relate to the need for a national advisory committee, operating subsudies, implementation of the nonurbanized area program, incremental implementation, planning, coordination, role of the states, and the collection and dissemination of information.


Searching for an effective solution and creating a functional and affordable option of linking internal network while maintaining existing services and technologies, which implies the convergence of not only data but voice networks as well, can best be done in the practical test. The article focuses on the professional performance of the resulting solution to a specific task. Subject to verification was unguaranteed type of Internet connection using encrypted IPSec (AES256) tunnels via Astaro technology. Verification was first conducted under conditions of test wiring outside the real operation, followed by performing and validating during real data and voice transmission. Based on tests and analyzes of data transfers and dropouts it was able to design a functional and secure connection. The analysis included an actual traffic with ICMP protocol responses evaluation. The proposed solution is usage maximization for small and mediumsized organizations as well as affordable and accessible way to secure all stations.


A family with two sisters and their mother's male cousin had ependymomas. Of note is the fact that chromosome analysis on the tumour of the younger sister showed two cell lines, one a normal female line, the other with monosomy of chromosome 22.


The absorption of peptides by the ruminant gastrointestinal tract is an important physiological process. The breakdown of proteins by m e n microorganisms gives rise to peptides, and recent observations suggest that these peptides make a significant contribution to non-ammonia nitrogen flow to the small intestine, and are available for absorption [I]. In the intestine of non-ruminant species the transport of diand tri-peptides has been shown to be driven by a H+-gradient [Z, 3, 41. The */peptide symporter (PEPTI) has recently been cloned from rabbit intestine [S, 61 and may provide a useful tool in the identification of peptide transporters in other mammalian species. The prope&s of a peptide transport system in the ovine and bovine enterocyte brush-border membrane were examined with glycyl-L-proline as the substrate. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were isolated from ovine and bovine proximal intestine as described previously [7]. BBMV were fully characterised in terms of the marker enzymes characteristic of intestinal brush-border membrane. The membrane vesicles were enriched 23-fold in the brush-border membrane marker, alkaline phosphatase. The specific activities of marker enzymes associated with the basolateral membrane and intracellular membranes were low, indicating that there was little or no contamination of these membranes in the final BBMV preparation. The results were supported by Western blotting of membrane samples using antibodies raised against villin, a protein specific to the brush-border, and Na+/K+-ATPase, a marker of the basolateral membrane [8]. There was a 16-fold enrichment of villin in the BBMV over the homogenate, as measured by densitometry, whilst the levels of Na+lK+-ATPase detected in the homogenate were diminished totally in the BBMV. The purified. fully characterised, BBMV were then used to investigate the mechanism of transport of glycyl-L-proline in ruminant small intestine. The ovine and bovine intestinal BBMV transported glycyl-Lproline in response to an inwardly-directed H+-gradient (pHw5.5; pHi=7.5), see Fig. 1. Dissipating the H+ gradient, by preincubating the vesicles with 4,5,6,7-terachloro-2trifluoromethylbenzimidamle (TTFB), a classical mitochondrial uncoupling agent [9], inhibited the H+-dependent transport. The mechanism of H+/peptide transport, and the properties of the transporter in the intestine of ruminants, are similar to those observed in non-ruminant species [2, 3, 41. The initial rates of glycyl-L-proline transport are higher in the pre-ruminant than in the ruminant animal. The data initiates further work to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of the peptide transporter at the cellular level. E m n ' 1 n


J. C. Kelly [2] introduced the concept of a bitopological space. Lane [3], Patty [4] and Pervin [5] have continued his work. Our purpose in this paper is to identify the projective objects in a suitable category of bitopological spaces after the manner of Gleason [1] and generalize his theorem that in the category of compact Hausdoriff topological spaces, the projective spaces are precisely the extremally disconnected ones.


Pirquitas mine was Bolivian type deposits, which Tertiary quartz andesites caused various epithermal quartz veins and deposited minerals of Sn and Ag in it. Main mineral was cassiterite and necessaries were pyrite, arsenopyrite, pynhotite, Probable ore reserve and daily production are 200 million tons and 5 thousand tons, respectively, and both of exploration and pit development are being carried simultaneously, but in near future open pit works can be done. This mine is owned by the Canadian company of "Silver Standard Resources" and it is located on , 4086m S.L. In view of infrastructure, geological environment and scale of ore reserves it is high potential area for domestic mining companies to participate share ownership.


We report the first direct observation of charge transport dynamics using time-resolved microwave conductivity and transient absorption spectroscopy techniques on the photolysis of an anthraquinone-bound DNA complex.


A low-cost radio-over-fiber (RoF) based integrated transmission of long term evolution (LTE) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) signals is proposed to solve the shadowing effect of building envelopes and the complexity of transmitting system in wireless access network services. This scheme is also applied to solve the problems of required fast handover and poor signal penetration in tunnels for high-speed rail mobile connections. We design and demonstrate experimentally a multi-service WiMAX/LTE RoF system that can extend the indoor signal coverage, with an emphasis on the power conversion efficiency and optoelectronic component selections. The designed RoF transceivers and switches are being deployed in both the campus buildings and the tunnels of Taiwan High-Speed Rail system to allow mobile connections.


ABSTRACT Knowledge of the value generated within higher education institutions is of great interest for various agents, particularly managers, as well as governments and society. University mission statements and their scope complicate any comparable measurement of the effects each university may have within a particular region. Perhaps the most adequate term for it and one that includes simple economic impact is value. This study is centered on the estimation of the short-term economic impact of the University of Granada (UGR). Using a method based on the input–output framework and multipliers, the total (direct, indirect, and induced) effects of UGR on production, income, and employment are quantified, differentiating between economic sectors. The total economic impact of UGR is 3.2 times the expenditure of the agents linked to the activities of the university, which implies that each Euro that the government invested was converted into 7.1 Euros. Its effect on total production surpassed two-thousand million Euros, with an income of one-thousand million Euros and over 25,000 equivalent jobs. Quantification of the impact is a measure of the importance of UGR within the province of Granada and the performance of public-sector investment in higher education.


A rule-based expert system combined with fault tree analysis was presented for on-line early faults diagnosis of municipal solid waste (MSW)incinerator based on historical data and operation record. Results showed that the accuracy of the system was about 90%,which was useful for on-line early faults diagnosis of MSW incineration.


We conducted a two-year predator-exclusion study to assess the magnitude and timing of larval predation in non-outbreaking populations of a geometrid moth, Epirrita autumnata. Laboratory-produced newly hatched larvae were placed on the experimental trees which were assigned to five treatments within two larval densities: (1) all predators, including parasitoids, excluded by mesh bag, (2) birds excluded by cage, (3) ants excluded by glue ring, (4) birds and ants excluded, and (5) control without any predator exclusion. Thereafter, larvae were censused every 3–4 d throughout the five-instar larval period.

Mortality of E. autumnata larvae in these populations was high and mostly due to natural enemies. In control trees, only ∼10% of larvae survived, while survival was ∼90% in mesh bags preventing all natural enemies. Bird exclusion significantly improved larval survival, as survival was almost three times higher in trees with cages than in those without cages. On the other hand, ant exclusion did not have any overall effects on larval survival, mostly because ants were only detected in about half of the trees without glue rings. Larvae survived longer in high-density trees from which ants were excluded, but the effect was masked by high mortality, unrelated to ant exclusion, in the late larval season. The results suggest that the effect of ant predation on survival of E. autumnata larvae may be spatially restricted and not important at a larger scale. The same result applies for crab spiders, as they caused high mortality in ∼20% of the study trees. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the spatial scale as well as assessing the impact of multiple predators in order to detect predators affecting survival at the population level.

Exclusion of all predation had a significantly stronger effect on larval survival than exclusion of birds alone. Further, mortality was highest during the late larval period, when parasitoids emerge. Thus, a large proportion of larval mortality was most likely due to parasitism. Our results suggest that predation by passerine birds and parasitism may contribute to maintenance of low E. autumnata densities by strong suppression of the number of larvae entering the pupal stage.


This study was aimed at investigating the effect of microstructural variations on relative complex permittivity and microwave absorption properties of recycled α-Fe2O3, following application of high-energy ball milling technique to modify particles
 into nanopowder. Three portions of recycled α-Fe2O3 granules were separately milled for 8 h, 10 h and 12 h respectively and their microstructural characteristics were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy
 (HRTEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. This was followed by relative complex permittivity and microwave absorption characterizations which were conducted at X-band microwave frequency range using the rectangular waveguide technique in connection with a vector network analyzer.
 Results established interfacial lattice defects and imperfections in the milled portions which became more pronounced with reduced crystallite sizes, and contributed to enhanced interfacial polarization process, leading to increased relative complex permittivity and microwave absorption properties
 of the recycled α-Fe2O3 nanopowders. The smallest estimated crystallite size of 11.1 nm was obtained after 12 h of milling with ɛr = 12.1–0.46j at 8 GHz, which was reduced to ɛr = 11.0–0.34j at 12
 GHz while its power loss values varied between 18.3 dB and 23.3 dB in the 8–12 GHz range. A positive correlation was identified that connects microstructural variations with relative complex permittivity and power loss, and could be exploited to tune the microwave absorption properties
 of the recycled α-Fe2O3 particles.


The increase of tourist arrivals recently reach more than a billion and marked above average growth since the 2009 economic crisis globally. The increase of business cope with the increase of tourist needs such as food, water, and energy in a well condition while travel agent ignore of those resources and continue to exploit them. Travel agent practices arise in term of business to get cheaper prices from food supplier or international restaurant franchises as well as the use of transportation vehicle without compromising the negative impact on environment. The paper outline weaknesses in relation to the lack of implementation of ethical standard related to sustainable tourism. To do so, the concept of general framework on sustainability as travel agent continues to gain their business ethically. The magnitude of travel and tourism industry trends endangers mostly on environment while tourist also attract mostly to high quality environment. The purpose of this paper is to articulate a set of ethical standards for travel agent. The standards are focused on promoting sustainable holiday principles for travel agent. The mission is based on literature review from previous studies focus on ethical standard at tourism industry. Global code of ethic for tourism becomes an important concept to be aware of by today tourism business that already left behind the practices. The code features implementation mechanism for responsible and sustainable tourism which contain comprehensive principle account for economic, social, cultural and environmental component of travel and tourism. The code also promote into government legislation, business practices and traveler's attitude. Therefore, as the commitment of sustainable holiday for travel agent, the standard should be applied in travel agent business operation to improve the quality of environment, economic and socio culture at the destinations.


Visfatin is recently identified adipocytokine and its role in response to exercise in human is not known. In this study we have investigated whether plasma visfatin is altered by exercise training in healthy women.


This thesis presents a design study into gamma ray collimation techniques for use in high energy radiation imaging devices for the nuclear industry. Such technology is required to provide information on the nature and location of isotopes within nuclear facilities that have reached the end of their useful life. The work has concentrated on the use of two different techniques, namely mechanical collimation using the Anger camera and electronic collimation using a Compton camera. The work has used computational models to evaluate the performance of such systems and thereby suggest optimal design parameters for use in prototype devices. Ray tracing models have been constructed to simulate both parallel hole and tapered bore diverging collimators. Investigations have been carried out to measure the effects on the spatial resolution o f changing various design parameters o f the collimators. The effects of varying the hole size, septal thickness and collimator length over a range o f source to collimator distances likely to be encountered in an industrial scenario have been examined. Some new insight into the nature o f the point spread function o f mechanical collimators has been gained and the limitations o f the conventional analytical approach to collimator evaluation have been highlighted. Modifications to the standard equations used in collimator design have subsequently been suggested. An analytical description of tapered bore collimators has been derived. Monte Carlo models have been developed to model a single scatter Compton camera. Germanium, silicon and sodium iodide have been investigated as candidates for the scattering detector in such a device. A model of a complete ring array Compton camera system has been used to evaluate performance. The data from the Monte Carlo model has been reconstructed to form images. The quality of the images generated have then been compared with images obtained from parallel hole and focusing mechanical collimators. M R Doherty, PhD Thesis: High Energy Gamma Ray Imaging


Little attention has been devoted to the effects of absolute and relative prices variability at local and seasonal levels, for the measurement of living standards in LDCs. In particular, it is not known if a substantial share of welfare or poverty indicators may be the consequence of price differences rather than of differences in living standards across households and seasons. With exogenous poverty lines, we show how the directions of effects of accounting for price variability can be theoretically established for popular poverty indices. With endogenous poverty lines, using data from Rwanda, we show that the composition of the population of the poor can be notably modified by accounting for price variability. The change in aggregate living standards due to price correction is moderate although significant in every quarter, in contrast with the change in poverty which can be considerable. The correction yields generally a larger transient seasonal share of annual poverty. In terms of impact of the price correction on the assessment of poverty, the poverty line or the quarter are generally more influential than the formula of the poverty indicator. Though, poverty indicators giving a high importance to the severity of poverty are more likely to lead to a strong effect of prices. However, the sign of change in poverty indicator is not systematically related with parameters of poverty indices or with poverty lines. These results support the necessity in poverty measurement, of an accurate correction for geographical and seasonal price effects, whose directions cannot be easily predicted. Nonetheless with exogenous poverty lines, for an important class of axiomatically valid poverty indices, the change in poverty with compensation for keeping the harmonic aggregate mean of price indices constant, is always positive.


This paper attempts to design a Luenberger-like nonlinear observer and a nonlinear state-feedback controller for trajectory tracking of a single-input/single-output nonlinear system exhibiting chaotic dynamics. Using a nonlinear transformation, the nonlinear system is first transformed into a linear system and thereafter a control law is designed for trajectory tracking. The controller, designed on the basis of an input-output linearized model, is applied on both the linearized as well as the nonlinear system. The results are validated through simulation on a Duffing oscillator.


The language of Bible in Chinese which is represented by Union Version in Chinese is a kind of literariness language.Outside the "meaning",with the aid of unique syntax,rhythm and cadence,it has much richer information than accurate "meaning".Nevertheless,the target of "Vernacular Movement" of modern China was "National Language",a kind of common national language which was quenched from "Literature".It was not a historical accident that Union Version in Chinese,which was with abundant theology flavor and can be the model for "Vernacular Movement",was published in 1919.But on the particular history situation,the generation of Hu Shi missed it.Now we should face up to the text value and the historical significance of Union Version in Chinese.


Government Board, the majority of the medical officers of health throughout the country were subject to election at intervals. The arrangement in many instances endangered the re-election of efficient officers at the expiration of their limited term of office. Conditions of appointment which enabled more satisfac-tory sanitary work to be accomplished had been secured for medical officers of health in London, and in a certain number of combined districts, and in respect of county -medical officers the same result would follow the passing of the Housing Bill. Efficient sanitary administration demanded the extension of similarly satisfactory conditions of tenure of office for medical officers of health throughout the country, and the most satisfactory settlemaent of the problem would come in connexion with the establishment of efficient units of local government.


High heat input during welding leads to transformations of the microstructure in the area subjected to welding, mostly resulting in an inhomogeneous microstructure and an overall deterioration of the mechanical properties. To restore these properties, post treatment processes which are typically separated from the welding process are state of the art. The present work focusses on recrystallization phenomena and shows the new methodology, WeldForming, which intends to eliminate subsequent treatment processes. The new inline process combination harnesses the synergies of a welding and a rolling process to ultimately prevent the typical zone formation of the heat affected zone. This is done by stimulating recrystallization and recovery processes. The development of the process is based on numerical simulations. A new aspect is the first time coupling of both processes in a single simulation model. The required material models were generated with the aid of thermophysical simulations. A novel approach is shown for creating a material model for the filler metal G4Si1 with the typical directed solidification microstructure. On the basis of the gained knowledge out of thermomechanical and numerical simulation, a process window was identified and a test setup was developed which gave the functional prove of the WeldForming process.


Abstract The infinitely divisible distributions on ${{\mathbb{R}}^{+}}$ of random variables ${{C}_{t}},\,{{S}_{t}}\,\text{and}\,{{T}_{t}}$ with Laplace transforms $${{\left( \frac{1}{\cosh \sqrt{2\lambda }} \right)}^{t}},{{\left( \frac{\sqrt{2\lambda }}{\sinh \sqrt{2\lambda }} \right)}^{t}},\,\text{and}\,{{\left( \frac{\tanh \sqrt{2\lambda }}{\sqrt{2\lambda }} \right)}^{t}}$$ respectively are characterized for various $t\,>\,0$ in a number of different ways: by simple relations between their moments and cumulants, by corresponding relations between the distributions and their Lévy measures, by recursions for their Mellin transforms, and by differential equations satisfied by their Laplace transforms. Some of these results are interpreted probabilistically via known appearances of these distributions for $t\,=\,1\,\,\text{or}\,2$ in the description of the laws of various functionals of Brownian motion and Bessel processes, such as the heights and lengths of excursions of a one-dimensional Brownian motion. The distributions of ${{C}_{1}}\,\text{and}\,{{S}_{2}}$ are also known to appear in the Mellin representations of two important functions in analytic number theory, the Riemann zeta function and the Dirichlet $L$ -function associated with the quadratic character modulo 4. Related families of infinitely divisible laws, including the gamma, logistic and generalized hyperbolic secant distributions, are derived from ${{S}_{t}}\,\text{and}\,{{C}_{t}}$ by operations such as Brownian subordination, exponential tilting, and weak limits, and characterized in various ways.


Vegetable oils are a renewable source for the production of oleochemicals. Oils with high oleic and low saturate content may be an excellent source for producing epoxy resins because of the uniform distribution of cross-linking sites. Bio-based epoxy resins can be used as matrix components for composite materials. Vegetable oils with oleic acid content varying from 22% to 86% were epoxidized in situ with peracetic acid and a heterogeneous catalyst. Contents of 30%, 35%, and 40% (% wt of total matrix) of bio-based epoxy resins were blended with a synthetic epoxy resin and an anhydride curing agent to be applied as the matrix in the preparation of composites using E-glass as the structural fiber. A control was also prepared with a 100% synthetic epoxy resin. Mechanical properties (flexural properties, interlaminar shear strength, and dynamic mechanical analysis) of the produced composite materials were evaluated. More flexible but less resistant composites were obtained as the content of oleic acid in the initial vegetable oil and the content of bio-based resin increased. Toughness increased at lower levels of oleic acid content. Interlaminar shear strength showed low adhesion of the matrix-fiber at a bio-based epoxy resin content of 40%. High homogeneity and slightly reduced glass transition temperatures were shown in composites with high-oleic bio-based resins when compared with the control. The application of bio-based epoxy resins in the production of composites materials helps decrease the dependence on petroleum-based resins and may lead to a high added-value product from vegetable oils. However, future studies are needed to increase the adhesion of matrices containing bio-based resin with synthetic and natural fibers, which will improve the mechanical performance of the composites.


OF THE DISCLOSURE The thermal oxidation stability of aliphatic acid-modi fied high molecular weight Mannich condensation prod ucts, which are prepared by reacting (1) a high molecular Weight alkyl-substituted hydroxy aromatic compound, in which the alkyl-substituent has an average molecular Weight of from about 600 to about 100,000, (2) an amine compound containing at least one HN< group, (3) an aliphatic aldehyde, and (4) an aliphatic acid containing at least six carbon atoms, in the reactant molar ratio of 1:0.1-10:1-10:0.014-1.0, respectively, are improved by reacting such modified Mannich condensation products with from about 2 to about 6 moles of an aliphatic alde hyde per mole of the alkyl-substituted hydroxy aromatic compound used in preparing the modified Mannich con densation product. The products of the herein-described invention are oil-soluble, and are highly effective additives for imparting dispersant-detergent properties to lubricant oil compositions. Lubricants containing these products provide a high degree of protection against the deposi tion of sludge and varnish, and corrosion when used as crankcase lubricant additives. RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of our co pending application Ser. No. 54,558, filed July 13, 1970. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to improved lubricating oils and particularly concerns automobile and diesel crankcase lubricating oil formulations containing a minor amount of a new class of oil-soluble addition agents which im prove the performance of the oil, particularly its dis persant-detergent function thus enabling lubricating oils to provide a high degree of protection of the lubricated parts of internal combustion engines. Present-day automobile and diesel engines have been designed for higher power output, lower combustion prod ucts emission and longer in-service periods of use of crankcase lubricating oils. These design changes have re sulted in such severe operating conditions as to necessi tate devising higher efficiency lubricating oils that will, under the increased severity of in-service use, afford proper protection against corrosion and the accumulation or deposition of sludge, varnish and resinous materials on the surface of engine parts which rapidly accelerate decrease in both operating efficiency and life of the en gine. The principal ingredient of crankcase lubricants is a base lubricating oil, a mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. Even when highly refined by removal of deleterious components, such as polymerizable com ponents, acid formers, waxes, etc., a lubricant base oil still requires the addition of a number of oil-soluble chemical additives to enable the oil to resist oxidation, deposition of sludge and varnish on, and corrosion of, the lubricated metal parts, and to provide added lubricity and regulated viscosity change from low to high temperature. O


Freedom of conscience or religion is no longer protected as the most effective way for the individual to discover spiritual truth, or as necessary to his meaningful commitment to that truth, or because human conscience, the capacity to recognize truth and right, is a divine endowment. The public justification for religious freedom is now framed in more secular terms. In the contemporary context of spiritually diverse community, the protection of religious belief or commitment is most often said to be based on the value of individual judgment or autonomy. What the individual chooses, what she judges to be right or true, is deserving of respect because it has been chosen, because it is an expression of her autonomy or the outcome of her independent judgment.


Cyanoketene (OCCHCN) has been reported as a potential alternative insulation gas for SF6 in Patent US0135817. Stationary point equilibrium geometries on the ground state have been optimized at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level, and the harmonic vibration frequencies are calculated at the same level. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps (Eg), ionization potentials (IP), and electron affinities (EA) of the studied molecules are obtained. The minimum energy path (MEP) is obtained by the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) theory, and the energetic information is further refined by QCISD(T) (single-point) method. The results show that OCCHCN can be used as SF6 alternative insulation gas in high voltage equipment according to potential energy surface analysis. As the isomerization and the cleavage reactions potential barriers are lower than the Eg and IP values, resulting in OCCHCN is not easy to be ionized and excited.


The embodiments of the invention provide a novel partition of a chip supporting an SW-control architecture for inductive loads. A current control system is disclosed. The current control system may include a controller configured to provide a control signal, an A/D converter dedicated to the controller, a driver configured to supply a current based on the control signal and a sensor configured to provide a digital signal representative of the current to the controller. The digital signal may bypass the dedicated A/D converter. A method for controlling current is likewise disclosed. A circuit for controlling current through an inductive load is likewise disclosed.


In the context of rapidly changing newsrooms and a constriction in entry-level positions for graduates, the Europe and Australia in the World (WORLDREP) programme seeks to prepare students by pairing freelance journalism with overseas training and exchange. However, the entrepreneurial focus of the course must be weighed against the challenges and idiosyncratic hiring criteria that graduates face on their return home. This article discusses interviews with former Tasmanian participants to compare what the students felt they acquired during the course with perceived barriers and challenges post-graduation. We find that the programme's freelance focus cultivates a range of applied skills, an extensive publication portfolio and professional confidence. However, interviewees also reported that a lack of local newsroom contacts – traditionally provided through newsroom internships – constitutes a hurdle on their return home. This prompts a discussion about how to complement exchange programmes with local networking and professional development initiatives that can ground what students have learnt overseas in local journalism practice.


Scholars from Brown University analyzed data from 12 nations (Cameroon Colombia Ecuador Ghana Indonesia Kenya Mexico Pakistan Portugal Sri Lanka Thailand and Turkey) in the World Fertility Survey to examine the magnitude and sources of regional effects on demographic behavior. Significant regional effects in either or both fertility and 1 or more proximate determinants existed in 11 countries (p=.001). In Pakistan scholars observed no regional differentiation in reproductive behavior however. The strongest regional differentials occurred with respect to contraception. Overall controls for regional differences in ethnic composition did not affect the strength of the regional influences. Exceptions included Kenya where ethnicity strongly explains the regional differentials in reproduction and Sri Lanka where it partially accounts for differentials in several variables. Adjusted regional effects showed that even after the scholars controlled for socioeconomic and ethnic or religious composition notable intracountry regional differences remained in overall fertility. These differences varied from .5 of a child in Ecuador to 2.6 children in Mexico. Latin American nations exhibited the highest mean levels of never-married and the widest regional deviations. Regional differences in fertility within marriage was significantly more substantial than overall fertility. The range was from 1.7 children in Cameroon to 4 children in Mexico. In Portugal marital fertility continued to differ by 2 children between the interior North and the coastal South. This study did not discover why geographic location influences fertility behavior but it has clarified some mechanisms through which geography affects fertility behavior and has discarded others.


The fog platform is very suitable for time and location sensitive applications. Compared with cloud computing, fog computing faces new security and privacy challenges. This paper integrates blockchain nodes with fog nodes, and uses multi-party secure computing (MPC) in smart contracts to realize privacy-protected fog computing. MPC technology realizes encrypted input and output, so that participants can only get the output value of their own function. It is impossible to know the input and output of other people, and privacy calculation is realized. At the same time, the blockchain can perform network-wide verification and consensus on the results calculated by the MPC under the chain. Ensure the reliability of the calculation results. Due to the integration of blockchain and fog nodes, access control and encryption are guaranteed, integrity and isolation are provided, and privacy-sensitive data is controlled. As more complex topological structures emerge, the entire chain of fog nodes must be trusted. This ensures the network security of distributed data storage and network topology, users and fog service providers. Finally, trusted fog computing with privacy protection is realized.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine agile supply chain management (ASCM) among SMEs in manufacturing-related services sector. The study propose that entrepreneurial orientation (EO), participative management style, supplier relations, resource management, just-in-time (JIT) methodology and technology utilization (TU) are several drivers of ASCM – an effective management decision-making approach.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 197 questionnaires were collected among SMEs to empirically test the proposed model. Structural equation modelling was employed using partial least squares approach to assess measurement and structural model for reflective and formative constructs.

Findings

The results reveal that EO, supplier relations, resource management, JIT methodology and TU positively influence ASCM while participative management style is not a predictor towards an effective ASCM. Moreover, EO was found to be a second-order formative construct comprising of innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness, and ASCM is a first-order formative construct.

Originality/value

Prior literature regarding supply chain management (SCM) has focussed mainly on critical success factors of SCM and green SCM. Limited empirical studies have examined the influence of EO, participative management style, supplier relations, resource management, JIT methodology and TU on ASCM among SMEs in manufacturing-related services sector.


The SP3 approximation of the neutron transport equation allows improving the accuracy for both static and transient simulations for reactor core analysis compared with the neutron diffusion theory. Besides, the SP3 calculation costs are much less than higher order transport methods (SN or PN). Another advantage of the SP3 approximation is a similar structure of equations that is used in the diffusion method. Therefore, there is no difficulty to implement the SP3 solution option to the multi-group neutron diffusion codes. In this work, the application of the SP3 methodology based on solution of the - and -spectral problems has been tested for reactor benchmarks. The FEM is chosen to achieve the geometrical generality. The results calculated with the diffusion and SP3 methods are compared with the reference calculation results.


Based on the springback defects appearing on the car sunroof skylight flanging forming process,FEM model method was used to study the relative reasons.Based on the analysis of the relation between all factors and surface defects,comparatively analyzing a certain type car sunroof skylight parts flanging process,the springback compensation law was proposed,which provides theoretical basis for the car roof skylights mold design.


In this study, yeasts in Effective Micro-organisms (EM) as well as their extracellular matters were used to inhibit the growth of algae. According to the results of inhibition experiment with yeasts, glucose, yeast + glucose, as well as the zymolytic glucose solution, extracellular organic matters were determined as the active fractions in the inhibition of bloom-algae, which maintained the chlorophyll concentration below the initial concentration during the 20 days experiment. With the help of high press liquid chromatography-size exclusion chromatography (HPLC-SEC) and Excitation-Emission Fluorescence (EEM), the active fractions were further determined as carboxylic acid containing with aromatic unit. Moreover, observation of algal cell with microscope revealed that structures of inhibited algal cells were still intact, but the chlorophylls in cells were decreased greatly. Therefore, algae might be inhibited by the damage of chlorophyll with the aromatic carboxylic acid.


OBJECTIVES The purposes of the current study were to examine the construct and predictive validity, and reliability of the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire' 07 (DCDQ' 07) for young children with developmental disabilities (DD). METHODS 135 parents of young children with DD completed an online questionnaire which consisted of demographic information, the DCDQ' 07, and a physical activity behavior questionnaire. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate motor difficulties across different types of young children with DD. Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha were used to examine construct validity and reliability of the DCDQ' 07. Moreover, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association between the DCDQ' 07 scores and physical activity behaviors in young children with DD. RESULTS The one-way analysis of variance indicated that the DCDQ' 07 scores were significantly different across different types of young children with DD = 6.66, p <0.001). The exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution, accounting for 64.34% of the variance of the DCDQ' 07. Internal consistencies of the three factors were acceptable. One factor, control during movement, was a significant predictor for physical activity behaviors in young children with DD (β = 0.37, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The DCDQ' 07 may be a reliable and valid measure in examining motor difficulties in young children with DD. To promote physical activity behaviors in young children with DD, teaching and reinforcing motor skills need to be encouraged.


interface for physician. Although a lot of user interface system has been built for the healthcare system but the most sophisticated and powerful system will be next to useless without an effective intelligent agent. This framework can be applied to develop an intelligent agent based user interface, especially GUI (Graphical user interface), self-governing, self customized with wise decision making competency. The novel approach of using ontology based intelligent interface agent will help the physician to get the online access to patients' chart, fast rescheduling of the plan on the basis of priority (e.g. emergency case), and easy access to laboratory results and reducing overall cost through optimum utilization of the time.


In this study, seepage phenomenon through left abutment of Bidvaz earth-fill dam with 66 height is investigated. The Bidvaz is constructed in order to control the floods for using in agriculture and fish cultivating as well as supplying a portion of drinking water for Isfarayen city, NE of Iran. The dam site consists of two different alluvial and rocky parts. The alluvial part is sealed by a plastic concrete cut-off wall while a grout curtain is constructed in the rocky area. This research deals with applying tracing technique in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the grout curtain. To meet this aim, two different types of dye tracers, Uranine and Rhodamine B are employed. These tracers are injected into injection boreholes and then sampling is done through sampling points. Based on the results, the occurrence of seepage in the left abutment of Bidvaz dam is confirmed. The results show that some parts of the grout curtain are not acting effectively to control seepage. Keywords— seepage, tracing technique, Uranine, Rhodamine B, Bidvaz dam.


A rare, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay including severely delayed or absent speech, moderate to severe intellectual disability, behavioral issues, stereotypic behavior, febrile seizures and epilepsy, abnormal gait, vision defects, and characteristic facial features. Intrauterine growth restriction and feeding difficulties are frequently present.


A new magnetic adsorbent, 2,2′-thiodiethanethiol grafted with tetraethyl orthosilicate modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles, was developed for the separation and preconcentration of Hg, Pb, and Cd in environmental and food samples. The concentrations of Pb and Cd were determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry; Hg was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. A comprehensive study on the factors affecting the extraction and desorption efficiencies was performed. Under the optimized conditions, the method was linear in the 0.01–750 ng mL−1 range (before preconcentration) with detection limits of 4, 8, and 2 ng L−1 for Hg, Pb, and Cd, respectively. Relative standard deviations of 2.3, 2.9, and 2.4% (concentration 50 ng mL−1, n = 7) and high preconcentration factors of 291, 285, and 288 were also obtained for Hg, Pb, and Cd. The accuracy of the proposed method was validated by analyzing a water certified reference material with satisfactory recoveries. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the analytes in tap and mineral waters and canned tuna fish samples.


The staff at Children's Hospital at Stanford has cared for over 110 patients undergoing the Luquè Procedure since February 1980. Patients having a Luque' Procedure (Segmental Spinal Instrumentation) frequently have a multitude of questions and concerns about their surgery and hospital course. This patient education package was developed to answer these questions and to decrease patient anxiety by addressing their concerns. As with many patient education programs, some information is specific to Children's Hospital at Stanford. Nurses should review the content with the Orthopaedic Surgeon(s) and Clinical Specialist(s) at their own institution before implementing the program for their patient education.


In a recent paper by Dickinson and Warburton (1), an analytical method of determining natural frequencies and mode shapes of box-type structures having rigid joints between constituent plates was given. Practical box-type structures may well include joints having some flexibility, and it is the purpose of this Note to indicate how the earlier analysis can be modified to apply to such structures and to show the effect of joint flexibility on the natural frequencies of a particular structure.


Now a day' s asthma has grown to be one of the leading chronic diseases throughout the world Mast cells, are important mediators of inflammatory responses such as allergic inflammation and hypersensitivity in asthma. An imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidants are also main cause of asthma. Ficus bengalensis Linn. (Moraceae) is a very large tree reaching about 30 m high and sending down many aerial roots from the branches. Bark of plant showed different pharmacological activities, immunomodulatory, antioxidant etc. Traditionally all parts of F. bengalensis are used in treating Kapha and inflammations. In present study various extracts of Ficus bengalensis bark were evaluated for anti- asthmatic activity using clonidine induced mast cell degranulation in mice and carrageenin induced paw edema in rats. In clonidine induced mast cell degranulation, aqueous extract (74.0 ± 1.155), ethyl acetate extract (64.0 ± 1.528) and methanol extract (65.34 ± 1.856) significantly protect mast cell from degranulation while chloroform and pet.ether extract fails to show statistical significance. In carageenan induced paw edema all extracts significantly inhibit paw edema. Polar constituents of F. bengalensis protect degranulation of mast cell while polar and non polar constituents inhibit carrageenin-induced paw oedema.


IntroductionIn this article a discussion of a classroom assessment task is presented. The assessment task aims to develop in a group of College English teachers in China an awareness of the notion of 'intercultural literacy.' First, outlines of key concepts in intercultural language education are introduced, including definitions of literacy and intercultural literacy. Second the case of the TESOL postgraduate unit of study taught in the program is outlined, describing the context in which the students explore 'intercultural literacy'. Finally there is a discussion of the design the assessment task, exploring its aims and this lecturer/researcher's perceptions of the students' reactions about the required assessment task. This article thus links the area of English teacher professional development with notions of assessing student intercultural literacy development, exploring the developments in the kinds of literacies our educational institutions are increasingly obliged to provide for citizens in new globalized times.An Intercultural OrientationDevelopments in conceptualizing the aims of foreign/second language teaching and learning are increasingly changing focus to what scholars with an 'interculturaL stance recommend: that is, designing and implementing curricula with the aim of producing students with an intercultural competence or intercultural literacy. According to Corbett (2003), for more than twenty years there has been a focus on 'communicative' approaches to foreign language teaching and learning, where teachers and their students were primarily dealing with exchanging information through learning language communicatively. Quite simply, learners have learned to use language to send and receive information and have been taught to develop such communicating strategies. In communicative approaches, assessment tasks have measured how well the foreign/second language learners listen, speak, read, write and exchange information.New intercultural thinking has lead foreign/second language teachers to focus on what we are really doing when we are teaching and learning a foreign language: that is, teaching and learning culture, and coming to an understanding of what people know in one culture and another, and with why people think and act in particular ways (Moran, 2001). Moran (2001) suggests that essentially when we teach and learn another language we are learning culture, and we want to know how, know about, know why (and thus know ourselves) in the process of reflection on the target language and its content and processes.Corbett (2003) advocates an intercultural approach to foreign/second language teaching in the specific realm of English language teaching (ELT). His basic premise is that for using language, we are doing more than information exchange (the focus of earlier communicative approaches to the teaching and learning of foreign/second language), and are essentially exploring our personal identity with language that allows us to assert our own place in our world. Language is the tool allowing us to "be", to communicate and to interact. Corbett (2003) emphasizes that through noticing and observing the ways in which people communicate and make meaning, we can develop an intercultural stance on the ways of the world. The strategies suggested for the development of such an intercultural literacy are essentially ethnographic strategies.Developing a LiteracyLiteracy is much more than an individual's ability to read and write. Literacy is about sending and receiving messages, about being aware of how best to convey our meaning through sending and receiving messages. Kostogriz and Tsolidis (2008, p. 127) state that literacy is a "set of decoding skills that are necessary for 'taking meaning' from a text".In order to make meaning, and in order to convey and be fully in control of our message, individuals need to develop a set of processing strategies. Individuals using language to make meaning are, according to Freebody and Luke (1999) either code breakers, meaning makers (text participants), text users and/or text analysts. …


Introduction: Peyronie's disease is an inflammatory disorder characterized by the presence of a fibrous plaque in the tunica albuginea of the penis that causes pain, curvature and shortening of the penis and, in some cases, erectile dysfunction. Objective: to describe the use, findings and potential of elastosonography in the diagnosis of Peyronie's disease. Method: a search of the literature is carried out in databases such as Medline, Hinari and Imbiomed. Results: elastosonography is a method for the evaluation of fibrosis in different organs, so it can be used in the diagnosis of fibrous lesions of Peyronie's disease. Conclusions: elastosonography has the potential to better identify and characterize these fibrous lesions underestimated by B-mode ultrasound.


Molecular mechanics calculations and MM2 transition state models based on ab initio calculations have proven to be useful in predictions (or analyses) of stereoselectivities in organic reactions. Molecular modeling by means of these calculations can also be useful in designing synthetic key intermediates. This paper describes our recent works on molecular design based on molecular mechanics calculations which are directed toward the syntheses of steroid, germacrane lactones, periplanone-B, and neocarzinostatin chromophore using macrocyclically controlled reactions. Moreover, analyses of the stereoselectivities in the protonation of the cuprate-generated enolate are discussed. Programs for the generation of starting geometries for MM2 calculations and knowledge based systems for the organic synthesis such as SYNLIB, CAS, REACCS, CAMEO, and CHIRON are also discribed.


SUMMARY Official low income statistics contain analyses based on income 'before' and 'after' housing costs. We argue that in measuring changes in the real level of income before housing costs over time an inappropriate price index is used. In particular the price index accords insufficient weight to the relatively rapid rise in housing costs which form a dispro- portionately large part of the expenditures of the poor. We propose an alternative income measure which largely overcomes the sources of bias and appears to us to be a more reasonable definition of income before housing costs. In the final section we evaluate the usefulness of before and after housing costs measures. For several years the government's low income statistics have been at the centre of controversy. In 1988, the long-standing 'low income families' series, which measured numbers of families with incomes below or up to 1400/o of the supplementary benefit line, was ended with the publication of figures relating to 1985. In its place came 'households below average income' (HBAI), an analysis of household incomes relative to the national average in each year and also relative to incomes in a base year. Controversy surrounded both the presentation of the new figures and the way in which income was defined. In an earlier report (Johnson and Webb, 1989) we showed that by measuring incomes over a household rather than over the narrowly defined family unit the new figures removed well over 1 million people from the poorest group in 1983. The government has, however, defended the change on methodological grounds, arguing that considerable sharing of incomes occurs between families in multiple-family households-a view with which we have some sympathy. Since then, the debate has moved on, though with no satisfactory resolution of the households versus families argument. The government has now produced a second set of HBAI tables with data up to 1987. The new series appears to be here to stay, but a new source of controversy has arisen, again relating to the way in which income is defined. The HBAI analyses show how the real level of household income has changed over the period 1981-87, with figures being presented on two bases-income 'before housing costs' and income 'after housing costs' (the precise meaning of these terms will be explained later). The two approaches produce rather different results for those on low incomes.


summer and winter. For bacteria, the lowest taxonomic diversity in summer was found in severe cold climate zone and the highest was found in hot summer & cold winter climate zone; the lowest taxonomic diversity in winter was found in severe cold climate zone and hot summer & cold winter climate zone. For fungi taxonomic diversity, the highest values were found in severe cold climate zone and hot summer & cold winter climate zone in summer; the highest values were found in cold climate zone and hot summer & warm winter climate zone in winter. We analyzed the community structure of bacteria and fungi at the phylum level. The TOP 4 bacterial species and TOP 3 fungal species between different climate zones in summer and winter were similar. The TOP 4 bacteria species in residences were Bacteroidetes , Proteobacteria , Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria . The TOP 3 fungi species were Ascomycota , Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota , except for Beijing, which is located in a cold climate zone. By analyzing the correlations between indoor microbial characteristics and geographical location, we found the variation of indoor microbial diversity with latitude was opposite in summer and winter. In summer, indoor bacterial concentrations and diversity first increased and then decreased with the increase of longitude, which was opposite to the trend of fungi. There was no correlation between winter bacterial concentrations and geographical location.


An outline of optical spectroscopies of semiconductor surfaces based on reflectance of ultraviolet and visible light is presented. The principle of the two main differential techniques which are widely used are discussed: the surface differential reflectance spectroscopy (SDRS) gives the change of reflectance of a clean surface due to chemisorption of foreign atoms or molecules; the reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy measures the difference along the two principal directions in reflectances of an anisotropic surface, either clean or adsorbate‐covered.


We discuss some perturbative techniques suitable for the gauge-invariant treatment of the scalar and tensor inhomogeneities of an anisotropic and homogeneous background geometry whose spatial section naturally decomposes into the direct product of two maximally symmetric Eucledian manifolds, describing a general situation of dimensional decoupling in which $d$ external dimensions evolve (in conformal time) with scale factor $a(\ensuremath{\eta})$ and $n$ internal dimensions evolve with scale factor $b(\ensuremath{\eta})$. We analyze the growing mode problem which typically arises in contracting backgrounds and we focus our attention on the situation where the amplitude of the fluctuations not only depends on the external space-time but also on the internal spatial coordinates. In order to illustrate the possible relevance of this analysis we compute the gravity waves spectrum produced in some highly simplified model of cosmological evolution and we find that the spectral amplitude, whose magnitude can be constrained by the usual bounds applied to the stochastic gravity waves backgrounds, depends on the curvature scale at which the compactification occurs and also on the typical frequency of the internal excitations.


The game of Bridge provides a number of research areas to AI researchers due to the many components that constitute the game. Bidding provides the subtle challenge of potential outcome maximization while learning through information gathering, but constrained to a limited rule set. Declarer play can be accomplished through planning and inference. Both the bidding and the play can also be accomplished through Monte Carlo analysis using a perfect information solver. Double-dummy play is a perfect information search, but over an enormous state-space, and thus requires α-β pruning, transposition tables and other tree-minimization techniques. As such, researchers have made much progress in each of these sub-fields over the years, particularly double-dummy play, but are yet to produce a consistent expert level player.


Major economical savings, through the reduction of st rage place and transportation costs, can be achieved by increasing the dewaterabi lity of waste sludge. Previous studies done by Kemira Kemi on activated sludge sho wed significant improvement of filterability by thermo-chemical treatment with sul furic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The main goal of this thesis work was to investigat e the possibility of applying the same or similar treatment on primary sludge and finding the factors affecting the dewaterability. The literature suggested two differ ent mechanisms, Fenton's oxidation and coagulation with iron salt, and the effect of b oth were considered in this investigation. Experiments on the activated sludge were conducted first and used as a reference in the comparison with the primary sludge . Batch experiments carried out at three different temperatures, 30°C, 60°C, and 90°C, showed significantly reduced resistance to filtration of the thermo-chemically t reated primary sludge. The optimum results were obtained by adding 58 kg H 2SO4/ton DS and 61 kg H 2O2/ton DS. Additional improvement of the filterability was ach ieved at 30°C by adding FeSO 4. This fact suggests that Fenton's oxidation had domi nating influence on the dewaterability at low temperatures. Degradation of organic matter induced by thermoacidic treatment was the determining factor in the improvement of the filterability at high temperatures. Percentage dry solids content of primary and activated sludge cakes was approximately 44 % and 40 % respectively at opt imum conditions.


1. The dung beetle Aphodius ater and the yellow dungfly Scatophaga stercoraria are temporally co‐occurring species in sheep dung, which they use for reproduction and nutrition (A. ater) or for reproduction only (S. stercoraria) during the spring in northern Germany. Scatophaga stercoraria uses fresh sheep dung pellets a few hours old for oviposition, whereas A. ater lays eggs into 2–10‐day‐old pellets. In the present study, the egg laying behaviour of A. ater in sheep dung in relation to the presence of larvae of S. stercoraria was investigated experimentally.


The variation of chlorophyllase activity in tea plant(Camellia Sinensis)was investigated.The results showed that the diurnal variation of chlorophyllase activity decreased gradually from 7:00 to 16:00,and then showed an upward tendency from 16:00 to 19:00.The chlorophyllase activity diversity also existed in various seasons and leaf tenderness.The activity of chlorophyllase in the shoots of tea plant was highest in spring and lowest in autumn,and it took second place in summer.In the different growth position of tea plant,the chlorophyllase activity decreased with an order of bud the first leaf the second leaf the third leaf the old leaf the young stem.During the fresh leaf spreading process of 6-hour treatment,the activity of chlorophyllase declined at the beginning and increased greatly later.The activity of chlorophyllase in eight different cultivars of Camellia Sinensis was determined.The results indicated that the sequence of the chlorophyllase activity among different cultivars from high to low was FuyunliuhaoFudingdahaoFudingdahaoEcha1PingyangtezaoWuniuzaoYingshuangLongjing 43.Further than that,the influence of overhead shading in tea garden on the chlorophyllase activity was studied.The result suggested that the activity of chlorophyllase both decreased after the treatment of 60% shading rate and 80% shading rate.


In tropical forests, ecological processes heavily depend on the structure of the canopy (size, shape, dominance of trees) and also the ability of each species to capture light and nutrients in the soil. Airborne HR imaging spectroscopy has demonstrated its potential in tropical environments: Confirmation that trees structure combined with leaf biochemical properties influence the radiometric signal reflected by vegetation and contribute to the estimation of biodiversity; Identification of tree species; Mapping at fine scales as well local species diversity and changes in forest species communities. But what performance and limits for spaceborne system ? This presentation highlight the consolidation work made to prepare the HYPXIM Satellite Mission that aims to provide information about the characteristics of the vegetation from local scale (crowns) to regional scale (species communities across landscapes). HYPXIM will provide estimates of vegetation properties with sufficient precision to force the model variables or data assimilation procedures....


Prologue 1. Sacrilege 2. Secrecy magnifies reality 3. In that other time: Isla Grande 4. The face is the evidence that makes evidence possible 5. The secret of the gift Notes Bibliography Index.


1. A method for producing molded bodies of transition metals in the form of nanoplates, and wherein the metal is selected the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt, characterized in that it comprises the steps of a) adding a reducing agent to an aqueous mixture comprising a transition metal salt and polymeric dispersing agent, and zatemb) peroxide treatment resulting colloidal dispersion, wherein the aqueous mixture of step a) comprises a transition metal salt in a concentration above 2 mmol per litr.2. A method according to claim 1, wherein in step a) is present at least one additive selected from the group consisting of thiol, disulfide, xanthate, dithiocarbamate, alcohol, amine and penogasitelya.3. The method of claim 1, wherein the transition metal salt is a silver salt of (I), in particular selected from the group consisting of AgNO; AgClO; AgSO; AgCl; AgBr; AgI; AgOH; AgO; AgBF; AgIO; AgPF; RCOAg, RSOAg, wherein R is an unsubstituted or substituted C-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C Saralkil, unsubstituted or substituted C Saril or unsubstituted or substituted C Sgeteroaril; Silver salts of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids, polysulfone acid, phosphorous acid and their smesey.4. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymeric dispersant is a polymer containing polar groups, wherein the polymer is a nonionic or ionnym.5. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymeric dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polivinilpropionata, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyesters, polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl pyridine and its copoly


Already traditional researches like computer tomography (CT), positron–emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are nowdays older (archaical) and dramatically growth significance, from discovery (RND) of detection of resonance neutrinos digitally, conclusion of inovatives researches in chronoscopy and nuclear physics. Discovery of detection of neutrinos neuropatic's (VAINR), small sub–atomic particles, which are systematically ignorating whatever laws of traditional physics by revolution in last knowledge about this theme, in order to be possible incorporated in one from the oldest wishes of man "have to time in both direction", although only during searching of pathology of central neural system (CNS) involving the human brain functions imaging and Medulla spinalis from it entranced nervus spinalis and reflexes aferential and eferential. This Spinal Medicine helps human with brain or spinal injuries to give back to "normal life" by using of "cluster medicine", our excellence of the Czech Republic in this medical branch is work of Prof. MUDr. Eva Sykova, DrSc. This article is focused on goal spreading of the newest evolution this extraordinary technics and science supposed a creation of new medically discipline neuroradiology, respectively neutrinoradiology: except diagnostics, therapeutic and pediatric neuroradiology also chronobiology. Wide field of application of RND will be have in Forensic Psychiatry is a sub–speciality of psychiatry and is related to criminology.


Abstract Physiculus microbarbata n. sp. differs from other species of the genus in having a barbel less than one fourth diameter of the orbit and closely resembles P. huloti Poll and P. capensis Gilchrist. The species is described from two specimens collected off the coast of Guinea, central Africa.


The invention relates to a method for thermally bonding connecting surfaces (19, 20) of two substrates (17, 18), said surfaces being arranged in an overlapping position. At least one substrate (18) is constructed such that it is transparent, and the joining surfaces (19, 20) are treated with laser energy which enters from a back side (26) of the transparent substrate (18). Each of the contact pairings (37) configured between two connecting surfaces (19, 20) of the opposing substrates (17, 18) is separately treated with laser energy.


The subject of anomalies is always intriguing. Perhaps it is their seeming mysterious character that appeals. We have the feeling that here is something beyond our power of comprehension. An anomaly should, however, challenge us to interpret the structure which has been defined as "contrary to rule." I have always been impressed with the extremely normal appearance of anomalous structures as they lie in the body. The whole organism is adapted to them. It was this normal appearance, coupled with the small number of specimens available to him, that led Vesalius to describe as normal an anomalous ossicle in the foot, the os Vesalii.


Abstract Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of essential oil isolated by steam distillation from Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Asteraceae dried flowering herb were performed. Principal constituents were germacrene D (24.1%), limonene (16.83%), α-pinene (8.0%) and myrcene (7.4%). A significant bactericidal and fungicidal activity was observed against all microorganisms tested.


Pagoda plant (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) is a medicinal plant that is widely distributed in ASEAN countries, including Indonesia. Pagoda plants are believed to have good pharmacological activity. In this study, the antibacterial activity of pagoda leaves was tested against Propionibacterium acnes. The method used in this research is the antibacterial activity test utilizing agar diffusion using paper discs to assess the inhibitory power of the test substance. The test groups used were water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions, with each divided into concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The positive control used was Clindamycin, and the negative control used was dimethyl sulfoxide solution (DMSO). The results obtained with the highest inhibition value were clindamycin with an inhibition diameter of 28.70+0.15mm, then by a water fraction of 20% with an inhibitory diameter of 14.20+0.20mm. The study results concluded that the antibacterial activity of each fraction of the pagoda leaves was not vigorous in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.


Numerous CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes have been identified allowing the development of epitope-based cancer immunotherapies such as the use of synthetic peptide-based vaccines. However, peptide vaccines have been notoriously weakly immunogenic, providing suboptimal therapeutic effects. In contrast, as a response to viral and bacterial infections, the immune system can produce massive numbers of antigen-specific CTLs eliminating disease and providing memory responses to prevent future infections. Our strategy to optimize peptide vaccines is to design immunization strategies that mimic infections by providing the necessary immune activation signals together with the appropriate immunogenic peptides. Furthermore, it has been proposed that minimal peptide epitopes are poorly immunogenic because they are presented to T cells by non-professional APCs. Therefore, it is suggested that using long peptides vaccines will improve immunogenicity by forcing antigen presentation by professional APCs. Using several mouse tumor models, we observe that peptide composition (hydrophobicity, amphipathicity), adjuvant and route of administration are more critical than peptide size for generating strong CTL responses that limit tumor growth. Two separate events are required for peptides to generate huge CTL responses, similar to those observed during acute infections: 1) Peptide priming mediated professional APCs, where CD40 activation and TLR signals are critical; 2) T cell expansion, which can be mediated by either professional and non-professional APCs and where type-I interferon induced by retinoic acid-inducible (RIG-I)-like receptor stimulation by poly-IC plays a critical role. Effective anti-tumor CTL responses were


Financial risk is the possibility of economic lost in a corporation′s financial activity due to the inside and outside factors of the corporation, which cause the financial system to deviate from its original goal. There exist risks in such aspects as capital raising,investing.Capital reclaiming and revenue distribution in Chinese corporates.We should take measures to control and prevent the corporate financial risk from the following aspects:①setting up dynamic analysis concept;②setting up risk value concept;③evaluating financial risk in advance;④buiding up index forecast of the financial risk;⑤adopting measures to prevent financial risk.


Objective: to evaluate the actions of nurses regarding prevention of infections in adult, neonatal, pediatric and coronary intensive care. Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, performed with 18 nurses in the ICU for Adults, Neonatal/Pediatric and Coronary of a Hospital Size IV, Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul/RS/Brazil. The data production occurred through an open interview recorded and, subsequently, underwent content analysis and presented in two analytical categories. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE n. 219.0/2011. Results: two analytical categories emerged, claiming about the understanding of nurses related to nosocomial infection and actions taken by them in order to prevent it. Conclusion: the results of the survey indicate important changes for qualifying assistance to patients in intensive care and reducing hospital infections. Descriptors: Hospital Infection; Nursing; Nursing Care; Intensive Care Units. RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la actuacion de las enfermeras en materia de prevencion de infecciones en unidades de cuidados intensivos para adultos, neonatales, pediatricos y coronarias. Metodo: estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con 18 enfermeros en la UCI de adultos, Neonatal / Pediatrico, coronaria de


In this paper a general fixed point theorem for converse commuting multivalued mappings, which generalize Theorems 2.1 and 2.2 from [3], is proved.


Ab initio and density functional theory methods have been applied to study the molecular structure and interaction of water with N-methyl-2-propenylidenimine and Nmethyl- 2-butenylidenimine molecules. The most possible reactive sites of the above molecules have been identified for the water interactions. The strength of the hydrogen bond is discussed using the atomic charges, which were calculated using the Mulliken population analysis and Natural population analysis schemes at MP2/6-31G* level of theory. The electron density (ρ) and laplacian of electron density (∇2ρ) have been calculated for the possible existence of the hydrogen bonds with CH and CH3 groups of molecules using the "Atoms in molecules" approach. The chemical hardness and chemical potential for these complexes have been calculated at HF/6-31G* level of theory and discussed for the conformational stability of these molecules.


A dry shaver can be similarly depressed at different positions, but the contact pressure between the outer blade and the inner blade are different. The shaver comprises a housing (10), the housing containing a motor (40), and is attached to the outer blade (62) and the inner blade (61) at the upper end of the housing. The inner blade (61) driven by a motor, so that shearing with exercise and outer blades (62), so as to scrape off hairs. The inner blade (61) (44) is pressed by the bias spring upwardly so as to form a contact pressure, the inner blade to the contact pressure against the outer blade. The outer blade is mounted on the blade holder (63), the blade holder support is active mounted on the head frame top housing (70). Within this shaver comprising a height adjustment mechanism, so that with respect to the height of the housing (10) adjusting the bit holder (70) between the upper and lower, while the biasing spring for different compression, so as to change the contact pressure, the height adjusting mechanism also allows relative to the holder down the blade in the high or low of the tip rack.


Geopolymers, primarily composed of fly ash, have proved an excellent substitute for ordinary portland cement (OPC) in terms of sustainability and productivity. In order to determine the geopolymer concrete's (GPC) resistance to chemical assaults and water permeability, it is necessary to obtain geopolymer concrete (GPC) of varying strengths after normal curing. The objectives of the research was to test the durability performances of the GPC of various strength under normal curing and investigating the optimum strength based on durability testing of the GPC. For this research, different type of cement-to-fly ash ratio was used for various strength data. The appropriate mixture was conducted by using the trial mix method in order to obtain better accuracy of the results data during the mixing design process.  To satisfy the varied strength designs, a small proportion of OPC is added to the GPC mixture as part of the mix design. After 28 days of curing, this durability testing is undertaken after the concrete has reached its maximum strength. The compressive strength test and weights were performed and compared to the GPC mix design at 60  °C after heat curing. The 8% OPC replacement has greater resistance to sulfate attack, saltwater exposure, and water permeability compared to the 6% and 7% OPC alternatives. Consequently, the experiment reveals that the GPC's durability and strength increase as the percentage of OPC increases.


This article presents a discussion related to the development of pedagogy in Brazil, as well as the functions of the school educator /pedagogue/educationalist and his desirable involvement with the politicalpedagogical project. Presently, it is noted that the school educator/pedagogue/educationalist faces difficulties to establish an identity. Perhaps this is due to the numerous tasks that he develops, which often leads him to lose track of his work or not be completely successful in fulfilling his main objective, which is the organization of the teaching-learning process. The difficulties surrounding the profession, however, date back to the origin of the course in the country, lasting for decades. And, after several discussions, as well as the slow changes that the area has suffered - considered the legal aspects involved – nowadays the educator/pedagogue/educationalist faces new challenges, such as the ability to build a link between the political-pedagogical project and the practice he exercises in school.


Radial polarization converters can convert an incident light into a radially polarized light, which is beneficial in a variety of applications. In this paper, a new design of holographic radial polarization converter is proposed which consists of eight space-variant polarization-selective volume hologram gratings. According to the coupled wave theory, a feasible design of the polarization-selective volume hologram gratings was described. The prism-hologram-prism sandwiched recording method was adopted for the recording. The s- and p-polarization diffraction efficiencies of the fabricated polarization-selective volume hologram gratings at 443.29 nm are 90.83% and 22.09%, respectively. The operation bandwidth is about 4.42 nm. A prototype of holographic radial polarization converter was successfully assembled and tested. Due to the introduction of volume hologram gratings, this design should have the advantages of high diffraction efficiency, narrow band, compactness, and planar configuration, meaning it is especially suitable for low-cost mass production and has high application potential in related fields.


We have treated 16 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis with short term (7-13 weeks) and long term (1 year) interferon. Sustained effect (normalization) of treatment was noted in all by long term treatment, where 7 of 8 with short term treatment showed flare-ups of transaminase after the therapy. In addition, negative turn of anti-HCV antibody was noted in 2 of 5 patients with long term treatment, whereas such change was noted in none of 6 anti-HCV antibody positive patients treated with short term treatment. These data suggest that long term interferon therapy may change natural course of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis caused by HCV.


Since prehistoric times, water conflicts have occurred as a result of a wide range of tensions and/or violence, which have rarely taken the form of traditional warfare waged over water resources alone. Instead, water has historically been a (re)source of tension and a factor in conflicts that start for other reasons. In some cases, water was used directly as a weapon through its ability to cause damage through deprivation or erosion or water resources of enemy populations and their armies. However, water conflicts, both past and present, arise for several reasons; including territorial disputes, fight for resources, and strategic advantage. The main reasons of water conflicts are usually delimitation of boundaries, waterlogging (e.g., dams and lakes), diversion of rivers flow, running water, food, and political distresses. In recent decades, the number of human casualties caused by water conflicts is more than that of natural disasters, indicating the importance of emerging trends on water wars in the world. This paper presents arguments, fights, discourses, and conflicts around water from ancient times to the present. This diachronic survey attempts to provide water governance alternatives for the current and future.


The aim of this study is to investigate experimentally effects of curvature, fibre orientation and ageing process on the low velocity impact behaviour of E-glass/epoxy composites. To investigate ag...


9 Basic numerical abilities are generally assumed to influence more complex 10 cognitive processes involving numbers, such as mathematics. Yet measuring 11 non-symbolic number abilities remains challenging due to the intrinsic 12 correlation between numerical and non-numerical dimensions of any visual 13 scene. Several methods have been developed to generate non-symbolic stimuli 14 controlling for the latter aspects but they tend to be difficult to replicate or 15 implement. In this study, we describe the NASCO method, which is an extension 16 to the method popularized by Dehaene, Izard, & Piazza (2005). Their procedure 17 originally controlled for two visual dimensions that are mediated by Number: 18 Total Area and Item Size (i.e., N = TA/IS). Here, we additionally propose to 19 control for another twofold dimension related to the array extent, which is also 20 mediated by Number: Convex Hull Area and Mean Occupancy (i.e., N = CH/MO). 21 We illustrate the NASCO method with a MATLAB app – NASCO app – that allows 22 easy generation of dot arrays for a visually controlled assessment of non23 symbolic numerical abilities. Results from a numerical comparison task revealed 24 that the introduction of this twofold dimension manipulation substantially 25 affected young adults' performance. In particular, we did not replicate the 26 relation between non-symbolic number abilities and arithmetic skills. Our 27 findings open the debate about the reliability of previous results that did not take 28 into account visual features related to the array extent. We then discuss the 29 strengths of NASCO method to assess numerical ability, as well as the benefits of 30 its straightforward implementation in NASCO app for researchers. 31 Abstract Word Count: 249. 32Word Count: 249. 32 NASCO GENERATES DOT ARRAYS NASCO: A new method and program to generate dot arrays for non33 symbolic number comparison tasks 34 In 1997, Dehaene formulated that humans possess a Number Sense – a 35 biologically determined ability allowing the representation and the manipulation 36 of large numerical quantities. Most authors currently consider that such 37 numerical intuition relies on a cognitive system specifically dedicated to number 38 processing (following Feigenson, Dehaene, and Spelke, 2004). This view is 39 supported by extensive empirical evidence showing that humans can 40 discriminate numerical quantities from early age (Xu & Spelke, 2000), with 41 limited knowledge of number words (Pica, Lemer, Izard, & Dehaene, 2004), or 42 without formal instruction (Nys, Ventura, Fernandes, Querido, Leybaert, & 43 Content, 2013). Recent studies further supported this perspective by showing 44 that humans have a spontaneous preference for the numerical aspect of large 45 sets rather than for other continuous visual features (Cicchini, Anobile, & Burr, 46 2016; Ferrigno, Jara-Ettinger, Piantadosi, & Cantlon, 2017). Notwithstanding 47 such findings, some authors challenged the existence of a specific cognitive 48 system devoted to numerical processing and alternatively ventured that Number 49 Sense emerges from the combined weighting of continuous perceptual 50 dimensions available in visually displayed stimulus collections (Gebuis, Cohen 51 Kadosh, & Gevers, 2016; Leibovich, Katzin, Harel, & Henik, 2016). 52 The debate about the Number Sense nature is still ongoing (see Núñez, 2017, for 53 an interesting view) because there is a peculiar methodological issue relative to 54 non-symbolic number comparison tasks: it is empirically impossible to isolate 55 the cognitive processes specifically dedicated to numerical discrimination from 56 NASCO GENERATES DOT ARRAYS those related to other continuous magnitude discrimination. The numerosity 57 (i.e., the information about the number of elements) is indeed intrinsically 58 intertwined with non-numerical magnitudes, such as the luminance or the extent 59 of the array (see for instance, Gebuis and Reynvoet, 2012). Previous studies 60 showed that numerical judgments are substantially impacted by the total surface 61 occupied by all items (Guillaume, Nys, Mussolin, and Content, 2013), by the 62 individual size of the elements (Henik, Gliksman, Kallai, & Leibovich, 2017), by 63 the item density (Dakin, Tibber, Greenwood, Kingdom, and Morgan, 2011), and 64 by the size of the convex hull (i.e., the smallest convex polygon encompassing all 65 elements; Norris, Clayton, Gilmore, Inglis, and Castronovo, 2018). 66 Critically, empirical data showed that the procedure used to handle the 67 correlation issue between magnitudes considerably influences participants' 68 judgments, and subsequently the measurement of approximate numerical ability 69 (Smets, Gebuis, Defever, & Reynvoet, 2014; Smets, Sasanguie, Szücs, & Reynvoet, 7


Odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) can present a therapeutic dilemma because multiple treatment strategies have been reported. ODS review articles have been published, but they have lacked multidisciplinary collaboration and an evidence‐based methodology. The purpose of this article was to perform an evidence‐based review of ODS management options, and develop a multidisciplinary consensus statement on ODS management options.


Background: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is one the most common causes of vaginal discharges that occur in women of reproductive age. This cross sectional study was focused on the prevalence of BV in patients presenting to DHQ hospital, Lower Dir, KP.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis. Study was conducted at DHQ hospital Timergara, Dir Lower, KP Pakistan after taking approval from hospital.
Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ hospital Timergara, Dir Lower, KP after taking approval from hospital's ethical committee. Patients from 18 to 45 years were included (only married patients). Written consent was taken from the patients. Patients having bacterial vaginosis were enrolled in the study.
Results: A total of 384 patients of reproductive age group with symptoms of bacterial vaginosis presented to DHQ Hospital Timergara from April 2020 till September 2020. The results showed that higher number of bacterial vaginosis was detected in age group of 21 to 30 years that is 61 (32.4%) while the lowest number was 31 (16.5%) which was detected in 18-20 years' age group. Bacterial vaginosis was found to be statistically insignificant with age groups keeping P < 0.05).
Conclusion: It was concluded that Bacterial Vaginosis is common cause of vaginal discharge. Proper hygiene should be maintained. Medical professional such as gynecologists should help the patients understand the dangers of BV and how to avoid it through proper counselling.
Recommendation: The overall prevalence according to this study was 49%, the mean age of the patients was 30.76±8.75 while the highest prevalence was found in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Proper counselling by the gynecologists regarding hygiene is needed to control bacterial vaginosis.