The European Eureka/Celtic project WiSafeCar (July 2009 – March 2012) aims to develop an effective service framework/platform and an advanced intelligent wireless traffic safety network between vehicles and infrastructure, with a possibility to exploit vehicle based sensor and observation data in order to generate secure and reliable intelligent real-time services for vehicles. The participants from Finland, Luxembourg & South-Korea have planned and developed advanced services within the project. This paper presents the experiences and results of the Finnish pilot services dealing with incident/accident warnings and real time road condition and local road weather information intelligent hybrid wireless traffic safety network between vehicles and infrastructure. WiSafeCar considers not only urban areas, but also the special case of operating in rural areas where no high-density base station (road side unit) network for V2I communication is available. The hybrid communication of cellular and IEEE 802.11p based wireless vehicular networking has been employed in WiSafeCar, with the primary objective of the cellular communication to provide an alternative solution in areas outside of the range of the wireless vehicular network. Traffic safety will be enhanced by providing accurate and timely location based information about incidents, accidents and adverse weather conditions. The WiSafeCar application and services provide a platform for true bi-directional Internet-like networking tailored for a vehicular environment.


Seaweeds Seaweed extracts are the new type of products currently used in plant cultivation. The sources of seaweed extracts are different species of marine algae which seem to be valuable and not wholly discovered biological material [1]. For ages, extracts obtained from algae have been used as feed additives for animals nutrition improvement [2]. Furthermore, they have been used as industrial raw material or in production of natural cosmetics. Nowadays, seaweeds and products obtained from marine algae constitute the subject of interest in agriculture with emphasis on its application in sustainable agriculture [1]. Marine algae are classified by the researchers as the most important group of organisms which can be widely used in plants nutrition.


This study examined the Consideration and Initiating Structure subscales of Form XII of the Ohio State Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire to determine if these subscales contain items which tap extraneous behavior dimensions. A panel of 38 judges was used to theoretically evaluate the behavioral dimensionality of the scales; field- and experimentally-collected leader behavior descriptions (N = 161) were factor analyzed to determine if the items were perceived in a similar manner by respondents. While the results of the two analyses were not identical, they were supportive of each other and indicated that the subscales appear to measure a number of subtypes of leader behavior on both a theoretical and practical basis. From the results in total, two alternative conclusions can be drawn: (1) Consideration and Structure (as measured by LBDQ―XII) are complex dimensions of leader behavior which include several subtypes or (2) Form XII measures extraneous leader behavior dimensions. Because the subscales ...


The complexities of contemporary global urban, political, economic and environmental issues are evident. We are facing the consequences of accelerating and rapid urbanization, the scarcity of natur...


Abstract : A design analysis study of the SM-2 secondary plant equipment was undertaken to develop an SM-2 Final Design. Equipment sizes are based on utilization of a 28 tMW Pressurized Water Reactor and a 7500 eKW turbo-generator. Drawings showing equipment arrangement and over-all plant layout are provided. Studies were made on mechanical, structural and electrical design and all calculations are shown in the appendices of their respective sections. (Author)


Cucurbita maxima belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and has many traditional medicinal properties claimed that are used in food. The various parts of the Cucurbita maxima are reported to have versatile activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-insecticidal, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The current study was designed to evaluate the phytoconstituent profiles of C. maxima pulp, peel and seed extracts (aqueous and methanol) extracted at different temperatures (40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C) and time (1 and 2 hr). For these extracts, qualitative and quantitative determination were performed, and the aqueous seed extract of C. maxima at 50 °C for 2 hours had higher phytoconstituents, which was further taken for the GCMS analysis. Furthermore, the top hit compounds from the GCMS such as Guanosine (CAS), 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, Farnesol and 13-Tetradecenal were docked against p53 Y220S mutant (6SI2), and Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 protein (FGFR1) (4V05). The results revealed that Guanosine with p53 and 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid with FGFR1 have good binding affinities of -7.2 and -6.3 kcal/mol respectively. Conclusively, the top compounds from the aqueous seed extract of C. maxima extracted at 50 °C for 2 hours have significant breast cancer activity and it has to be further taken to in vitro and in vivo studies in the future.


The air velocity is one of the thermal comfort criteria for building users. Thus, an increase of air velocity on building users contributes to reduce perceived temperature. Therefore, air movement in the areas of users improves thermal comfort. Airflow dynamics may be changed by altering the design aspect of the ventilation nozzles. To achieve suitable air velocity, the de- sign methods of ventilation nozzles are based on experimental tests or numerical trial and error methods. In contrast, the optimal control theory is used in order to find suitable conditions of blowing according to objective criteria in the users area. The topology optimization is a method to find optimal geometries by adding material in a domain. We propose in this paper the use of topology optimization method for nozzles designing with the aim of controlling the oulet velocity and the minimizing of the total dissipated power. The results presented in this article shows the possibilities to find optimal geometries for both objectives. The final geometry of the ventilation orifice is then conditioned by the choice of the designer to increase the influence at one of the two aspects of the minimization. Results are presented for turbulent flow, isothermal, incompressible and steady-state, governed by RANS k-epsilon model.


The poet as archaeologist: arche, beginnings. One recalls that Husserl, when he "discovered" phenomenology, and was looking for a name for his method (which moved back through the experience of phenomena to basic, infra-psychological structures of perception and jLidgment), wanted to call it an archaeology.The name, however, was pre-empted by the narrowing science of that name. Olson, as Maximus, as original maker, seeks another archaeology: origins of life and language, a concise paratactic sense of event before Logos got hold of the mind and twisted it out of the context of body (and its run on existence); a state where language and event are coincident (at least energetically so); where speech (syntax) names things, gives way to the actual knots and hesitancies of experience, rather than losing itself in its own welter of delight and effect (Weltanschauung). Olson is certainly the most unique voice in contemporary American poetry. No other poet requires such an effort equivalent to learning a new language, or rather adjusting the sense we have of the old one, so that we hear the precision of his, and experience a world through it. There are Olson poems I doubt anyone will ever understand, except in their general aspect. Others are line and sunlight clear. The best of them


Existence theorems for IVP's for equation (1) have been proved by R. D. Driver [ l ] for the case where h(t, x) < / , and recently by V. P. Skripnik [2] under the hypotheses that ƒ is sufficiently small, h(ty x) is independent of x, and ƒ is linear in the argument x'(h(t)). Our existence theorem requires none of these hypotheses. Under some additional conditions we obtain a local uniqueness theorem, and obtain as a corollary a result on existence of continuous solutions of certain nonlinear functional equations.


This study aims to determine the influence of workload, work stress, and organizational climate on turnover intention, the influence of workload, work stress and organizational climate on work satisfaction, the effect of workload on turnover intention, the influence of workload, work stress and organizational climate on turnover intention through job satisfaction. The population in this research is the employees of PT. BRI Life and Health Insurance of Malang. The number of samples taken in this study were 125 respondents. The data collection method that is used questionnaire. Path analysis method shows that workload, work pressure and organizational climate has direct effect on turnover intention and indirect effect on work satisfaction. The conclusion of this research is work load, work stress and organizational climate has direct effect on turnover intention of employee through job satisfaction. The recommendation that is given based on the result of the research is to make innovation system, and guidance for the employees, so that the employees will remain stay at the company. Keywords: workload, work stress, organizational climate, turnover intention, work satisfaction, BRI life, Health Insurance.


To obtain fine microstructure and homogeneous distribution of alloying elements in the large-sized billet, the internal electromagnetic stirring as a new electromagnetic stirring method was proposed and utilized for the preparation of Ф508 mm 7050 aluminum alloy billet. The results demonstrate that the internal electromagnetic stirring could refine the microstructure and second phase, and alleviated the macrosegregation significantly. The grain size at the edge, 1/2 radius, and center of the billet decreased to 180 μm, 175 μm, and 185 μm, respectively. Moreover, the relative macrosegregation of Zn, Mg, and Cu at the edge and center decreased to 3.9% and 2.8%, 2.3% and 1.6%, 4.1% and 2.5%, respectively.


Vehicles noise is a serious problem as from the point of view of impact to environment as due to the damage of vehicle's driver and passengers health. Usually in high vehicle's speed tires noise is the most significant noise source. Mathematical description of the process of sound generation from the moving source is described. Program provision for calculation of noise generation by the system "vehicle's tires – road surface" have been developed. Software is allowing to determine sound pressure level generated by vehicle's tires during vehicle movement taking to account the following factors: - velocity of vehicle movement; - characteristics of road surface; - climate characteristics (environmental temperature, rain, snow etc.); - construction characteristics of vehicle's tires; - dimensions and mass of vehicle; - engine capacity etc. Experimental data showed good coincidence with results of calculations by using of program provision.


Long-term-care (LTC) facilities or nursing homes have become a common site where older Canadians live and die. The proportion of deaths occurring in Canadian LTC facilities has been increasing in the past 2 decades and is expected to reach 40% by 2020. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to identify individual characteristics of LTC residents associated with place of death (hospital vs LTC) and transfers to hospital in the 180 days preceding death. The sample consisted of all 118 residents who died between April 2010 and March 2013 in a 116-bed not-for-profit LTC facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Outcome measures were place of death and frequency of terminal hospital transfers. Predictor variables included demographics, social and clinical factors, and cause of death. Data were drawn from Minimum Data Set assessments, medical charts, and death certificates. The results showed that 19% of the 118 decedents were transferred to hospital in the last 6 months of life; 94% died in the LTC facility. Male gender, absence of eating problems, less cognitive impairment, and less functional dependency not only predicted in-hospital death but also increased the likelihood of terminal hospital transfers. Individual characteristics play a significant role in explaining the variation between place of death and rate of terminal hospital transfers among LTC residents. Comfort care orders strongly and independently decreased the rates of hospital death and terminal hospitalization.


This paper introduces some methods to determine the simultaneous approximation constants of a class of well approximable numbers $\zeta_{1},\zeta_{2},...,\zeta_{k}$. The approach relies on results on the connection between the set of all $s$-adic expansions ($s\geq 2$) of $\zeta_{1},\zeta_{2},...,\zeta_{k}$ and their associated approximation constants. As an application, explicit construction of real numbers $\zeta_{1},\zeta_{2},...,\zeta_{k}$ with prescribed approximation properties are deduced and illustrated by Matlab plots.


The medical treatment paradigm for advanced urothelial cancer (UC) has been changing dramatically since the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Currently, the gemcitabine/cisplatin regimen and pembrolizumab is widely used as standard first-line and second-line therapy, respectively. To improve treatment outcomes, various clinical trials that use a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and other agents are currently ongoing. The medical treatment and standard regimen for advanced UC is developing and changing year-by-year. There are, and there will continue to be, however, patients who have a good performance status following progression after standard therapy. These patients often undergo cytotoxic chemotherapies. In this issue of International Journal of Urology, Harada et al. reported the efficacy and tolerability of paclitaxel and gemcitabine therapy after platinum-based chemotherapy for patients with advanced UC. The paclitaxel and gemcitabine therapy was active and tolerable, achieving a 29% objective response rate and an 11.5-month overall survival period in patients with platinum-refractory advanced UC. In terms of adverse events, myelosuppression was the most common. Among non-hematological toxicities, peripheral sensory neuropathy, arthralgia and hepatic damage were widely observed, and most adverse events were manageable. Enfortumab vedotin is a novel designated antibody-drug conjugate anticancer agent. Due to the excellent results of the global phase III trial, EV-301, enfortumab vedotin will be the recommended third-line regimen for the treatment of advanced UC patients who previously received both platinum-containing and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. High response rates to enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab as the first-line treatment for metastatic disease was reported. Consequently, the current global phase III EV-302 clinical trial, which investigates the possibility of the combination of enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab as first-line therapy, is ongoing. Nevertheless, cytotoxic chemotherapy remains important because, as described above, some patients (present and future) will achieve good performance status after receiving the current standard therapy. As these patients often undergo cytotoxic chemotherapies, information on cytotoxic chemotherapy, particularly, that related to adverse events, is meaningful.


Three auger samples from Tank AW-101 were received by the 222-S laboratories. They were analyzed to support the crust burn safety issue. No sample results exceeded the notification criteria.


We consider boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in domains with boundaries coinciding with a plane outside a sufficiently large sphere. As opposed to the method of Gartmeier [6] (see also [12]) our analysis leads to an integral equation of the second kind with a compact operator. In the last chapter we study the set of far field patterns which are generated by entire incident fields.


Digital ecosystems is a neoteric terminology and there are two major definitions about it respectively from Soluta.Net and from Digital Ecosystem and Business Intelligence Institute. In this paper, to solve the ambiguous problem in digital ecosystem's definitions and to help researchers better understand what it is, by means of ontology, we propose a conceptual model to completely illustrate the concepts in digital ecosystem. By introducing a new ontology notation system, we deliver the digital ecosystem ontology, to well define the components and explain the relationships between these components. Finally we realize the ontology in Protege-OWL and conclude our future works in the field.


Fluid viscosity is a significant factor resulting in the energy loss in most fluid dynamical systems. To analyze the energy loss in the pulse detonation engine (PDE) due to the viscosity of the fuel, the energy loss in the Burgers model excited by periodic impulses is investigated based on the generalized multisymplectic method in this paper. Firstly, the single detonation energy is simplified as an impulse; thus the complex detonation process is simplified. And then, the symmetry of the Burgers model excited by periodic impulses is studied in the generalized multisymplectic framework and the energy loss expression is obtained. Finally, the energy loss in the Burgers model is investigated numerically. The results in this paper can be used to explain the difference between the theoretical performance and the experimental performance of the PDE partly. In addition, the analytical approach of this paper can be extended to the analysis of the energy loss in other fluid dynamic systems due to the fluid viscosity.


Abstract An enantioselective synthesis of N‐Boc‐(2S,3S)–3‐hydroxy glutamic acid dimethyl ester (92% ee) is described. Starting from enantiomerically enriched (93% ee) (2S,3S)‐2,3‐epoxy‐5‐hexen‐1‐ol, easily available by Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, the protected amino acid was prepared in 11 steps.


We consider a singularly perturbed boundary value problem with layers. A new discrete cubic spline method is developed to solve this problem on a Shishkin mesh. Convergence analysis is given and the method is shown to be almost second-order uni-
formly convergent with respect to the perturbation parameter. Numerical results are presented to validate the theoretical results.


Because publishing is by definition a public act of creativity, the development of a poetic or literary community is inextricably tied to the development of individual writers within the community. This article attempts to delineate the Hong Kong poetic community through an analysis of the experiences of ten poets who are participants in the Hong Kong community. They were interviewed by the author from 2009 to 2010 as part of a larger study on Asian poetry in English (Lam, 2014). Using extracts from a book on that study, this article addresses how the community has supported the poet's development, how they in turn have contributed to the growth of the community and their resultant sense of poetic community. Four of them came from English-speaking countries and one from the China mainland while the other five were born in Hong Kong. While not all the poets had their initial publications in Hong Kong, they have all benefitted from support from Hong Kong. And regardless of their provenance, they have all contributed to the growth of the community in various ways. In terms of their identification, a whole range of communities, from the local to the international or virtual, were reported. This is consistent with Hong Kong's position as an international city with a Chinese centre.


A common P86L variant in CALHM1 was recently identified to increase susceptibility to Alzheimer disease (AD) in individuals of European‐descent. To determine whether or not this association is also valid in a different ethnic population, we directly sequenced three nearby SNPs including P86L in more than 2,500 Japanese AD case–control samples. We found no association between CALHM1 P86L polymorphism and AD risk in Japanese individuals. We also found a small number of non‐synonymous minor variants in both control and case populations, some of which are predicted to affect protein function, but are unlikely to increase this risk of AD in this population. We also determined that the P86L allele frequency is lower in non‐Caucasian populations than in Caucasians. Our findings suggest that the CALHM1 P86L common variant may not influence AD risk in Japanese. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In Shakespeare's early comedy The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Proteus offers Thurio, his rival for Silvia's favour, some advice on the art of seduction. The tensions Shakespeare sketches, between spontaneity and contrivance, between integrity and deceit, animate many Elizabethan sonnets and lyrics dealing with the subject of desire. The first English anthology of poetry, Songs and Sonnets, was published by Richard Tottel in 1557. Spiritual sonnet sequences began appearing in English in the 1560s, but the first sonnet sequence in the Italian and French tradition was Sir Philip Sidney's Astrophil and Stella. Edmund Spenser put to one side his epic romance The Faerie Queene in order to write Amoretti, published in 1595. Like Spenser, Michael Drayton is better known for his verse histories and topographical writings. English song reached maturity in the works of Thomas Campion and his close contemporaries Robert Southwell and John Dowland, whose First Booke of Songes or Ayres may have inspired Campion's.


In this paper we simulate and classify the Swing-by maneuvers of a spacecraft in close approach with a celestial body, alternatively proposing an identification of the category of the orbits in the synodic coordinate system. The mathematical model used is the restricted circular three-body problem in two and three dimensions. In general the classification of orbits are presented in "letter-plots" which consist of graphs of orbital categories represented by letters. The coordinates are chosen from the initial conditions of the problem. In our work we use the periapsis distance p r and the spherical angles of the spacecraft. Henceforth, we are able to use spatial rectangular coordinates instead and obtain a view of the spacecraft at its periapsis position and the changes in the trajectory during the close approach. The letters are substituted by points in the new graph where the study of the sign of energy and angular momentum gives the right classification of the orbits. INTRODUCTION The gravity assisted maneuver is a technique used in space missions to reduce fuel consumption like in Weinstein 1992, Swenson 1992, Broucke and Prado 1993, Prado and Broucke 1995 and many others (see Broucke 1988 and reference therein). The standard maneuver uses a close approach with a celestial body to modify the velocity, energy and angular momentum of a dimensionless body (a spacecraft). The model used in the present study is the three-dimensional restricted circular tree-body problem (Szebehely 1967). For fixed parameters p V , p r , α and β , to described later, the problem consists of studying the motion of the spacecraft near the close encounter with a secondary body of the system. In particular, the energy and angular momentum of the spacecraft before and after the close approach. Those ADVANCES IN SPACE DYNAMICS 4: CELESTIAL MECHANICS AND ASTRONAUTICS, H. K. Kuga, Editor, 1-14 (2004). Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. ISBN 85-17-00012-9


A 353 It is recognized that between 2% and 5% of all live-born infants have a structural (birth) defect. Approximately 40% of these defects, although of unknown etiology, are thought to be due to the effects of adverse exposure(s) of the embryo/fetus to intrauterine environmental factors. In addition, 10% of all births occur prematurely, accounting for 75% of early postnatal death and 50% of all long-term handicaps. Exposure to environmental agents during development can result not only in the death of the embryo/fetus, structural (birth) defects, and altered growth but also in functional changes in tissues and organ systems that appear normal but have altered functional potential. A growing body of evidence indicates that such subtle functional defects can lead to childhood–adult morbidity and/or mortality because of the altered fetal programming of tissues, organs, and/or systems during development. Although the mechanism of permanent fetal programming is unknown, evidence suggests that the induced effect can be transgenerational. The advent of the powerful new technologies of genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics has opened the avenue to detailed explorations of the underlying mechanism(s) of the fetal programming process from initial exposure(s) to the consequent health outcome.


Abstract In this paper, we study dimension-free L p {L^{p}} estimates for UMD lattice-valued q-variations of Hardy–Littlewood averaging operators associated with the Euclidean balls.


The paper analyzes the known risks of power supply failure in the case of further development of renewable energy sources. The use of FMEA analysis allowed to analyze the significance of various risks of alternative energy. It is shown that the use of the FMEA method is becoming one of the most important areas of technosphere safety for the further development of alternative energy. The introduction of the share of alternative energy into the total energy balance leads to a decrease in the share of traditional sources of energy generation. In turn, a decrease in the share of traditional sources of energy production in the case of a combination of unfavorable natural factors causes to the collapse of the energy supply system and causes a complete shutdown of alternative energy.


Insulation film fold was added to the cavity of micro perforated panel(MPP)to improve the acoustical performance of MPP,and standing wave tube method was used to determine the sound absorption coefficients.Results showed that the insulation film folds structure has absorption capacity and the absorption effect of MPP can be significantly enhanced by adding the insulation film folds compared to single MPP structure.At the cavities' height of 6cm,both acoustical absorption peak and absorption bandwidth can be increased,from 0.733 to 0.977 and from 2(800 Hz~1 250 Hz)to 5(400 Hz~1 000 Hz)one-third octave centre frequencies respectively,by setting the insulation film fold to the MPP's cavity.Increasing in height of the folds led to a remarkably improvement of both absorption coefficient and absorption bandwidth of the composite structure,meanwhile the absorption range of composite structure move toward the low-frequency.


Abstract The analysis of strain parameters at rolling of aluminum composite with wire-reinforcement was carried out in the present experimental work. The roll bonding of two strips of EN AW-5083 alloy with and without diagonal stainless-steel net-reinforcement between them was experimentally proceeded with different reductions. It is analyzed the influence of the rolling reduction in the range from 25% to 55% on the straining of the wires and composite bonding mechanisms. The present experimental work is established and used the set of describing parameters of the net behavior in the composite such as net cell elongation, wire elongation and wire ovalisation. The means of longitudinal and transversal tensile testing, impact testing and microscopic analysis determine the properties of the rolled composite. The analysis of the rolling reduction influence on the mechanisms of bonding formation in the composite its properties and fracture behavior are carried out. Based on the conducted tests, it was established the optimum range of rolling reductions.


Revision total knee replacement is often complicated by bone loss and synovitis, which can result in ligamentous laxity and imbalance. The Total Condylar 3 (TC3) constrained condylar geometry was developed to allow load sharing between the implant and the deficient soft-tissue attachments. However, many authors have suggested caution in the use of these devices because of the additional stresses imparted to the cement-bone interface1,2. We report on a series of patients who underwent revision total knee replacement with a Total Condylar 3 implant and metaphyseal cementing, or so-called hybrid stem fixation (Figs. 1-A and 1-B).

Fig. 1-A and Fig. 1-B
PFC Modular total knee prosthesis with femoral augments (Fig. 1-A) and inserts of varying constraint: PS, PS Stabilized, and TC3 (Fig. 1-B).

Sixty-eight knees underwent revision total knee replacement, performed by two surgeons, between 1990 and 1998. Knees with a fully cemented stem or a liner exchange were excluded, and one patient died before the time of the two-year minimum follow-up. Forty-four revisions with use of a PFC Modular knee prosthesis (DePuy, Johnson and Johnson, Warsaw, Indiana) with a Total Condylar 3 insert and metaphyseal extension of cement were followed for an average of 5.5 years (range, two to ten years). The reasons for revision were aseptic loosening (fifteen knees), infection (seven), instability (ten), patellar dislocation (two), osteolysis (eight), and anterior knee pain (two). Clinical and radiographic analysis was performed according to Knee Society Guidelines3,4.

### Surgical Technique

Following implant removal, the joint was reestablished with use …


1 Are AAPIs at Risk? Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) had the highest estimated annual percentage increase of HIV/AIDS infection of all race/ethnicities between 2001 and 2004 (2.4% for males and 14.3% for females).i Rates of HIV/AIDS infection in the AAPI population have been subtly but steadily rising over the past decade and health providers in this community have grown increasingly concerned with the potential consequences of HIV/AIDS coinfection with tuberculosis (TB) and/or hepatitis B (hep B).


In 2015 the Government of Uganda agreed to start rolling out a social pension programme, and increasing its own contribution to it. This was driven by the highly politicized efforts of a transnational policy coalition, led by international donors and national bureaucrats. It was a struggle over ideas as well as resources, with this coalition having to overcome strong resistance from Finance Ministry tendencies until the policy coalition started 'thinking and working politically' to help align the social protection agenda with Uganda's shifting political settlement dynamics. Government's apparent commitment to social protection remains meagre; only a tiny proportion of Uganda's poor will benefit. The evidence presented here raises serious concerns regarding the developmental character of Uganda's contemporary political settlement and the costs of the 'going with the grain' motif of the new 'thinking and working politically' agenda. Aligning policy agendas with dominant interests and ideas may render interventions politically acceptable while further embedding clientelist logics and doing little to address distributional problem.


Reinforcing the deep backfill foundation by the combination of the gravel pile and dynamic compaction is characterized by speedy construction and low costs,which has better adaptability and obvious economic benefits.Especially the effect on improving the mechanical property of the cut and fill site in the mountain areas is remarkable.


QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations on the 4His-ΔC* protein cage have been performed using multiple active zones (up to 86 quantum regions). The regulation and nanocage stability exerted by the divalent transition metal ions in the monomer-to-cage conversion have been understood by comparing high level quantum trajectories obtained using Cu2+ and Ni2+ coordination ions.


EFL (English as a Foreign Language) speaking is a very demanding skill that requires learners' socio-pragmatic as well as strategic competence in any interactional situation, and lexis proves to play a crucial role in this process. However, few studies have investigated how both EFL teachers and learners view and analyze situations in which learners are not producing enough spoken language in class, and the reasons behind them. The present study will pinpoint the significant role of lexis in Moroccan learners' speaking production. To this end, 40 EFL teachers and 200 Moroccan high school students are surveyed and interviewed to reveal their perceptions of the speaking skill and the corresponding high significance of lexis in this instance. Results show that both teachers and learners identify vocabulary deficiency as the main factor behind students' inability to speak English. In the present paper, among the many suggestions that could be proposed to deal with this situation, it is argued that one efficient way would be to assist the students during the process of L2 (second language) vocabulary learning through vocabulary learning strategy instruction. Pedagogical and research implication will be given in response to the difficulties encountered in this area as have been identified by the EFL teachers and learners surveyed.


This paper describes one application of the learning methodology "Motivation-by-Challenge" in alaboratory course for the Electrical and the Control & Automation Engineering curricula at UFMG, Brazil. The students are exposed to a challenge, having to solve a problem for a set of performance specifications. Small scale plants are presented or proposed to be constructed. This work deals with temperature control of an electric oven, with all the hardware implementation done in analog mode. The static characteristic of the sensor is determined, showing good linearity. The process is constructed and modeled, using a black-box method, through the observation of its step response. A Proportional plus Integral controller is designed for closed-loop operation, implemented and tested, showing good dynamic response to set-point changes. Perturbations are introduced, and the controller recuperates the desired temperature. The challenge arrives to a good result, proving to be very motivating for the students. Index Terms - Education in Electrical and in Control & Automation Engineering, Motivation-by-Challenge Methodology, Control Laboratory, Temperature Control.


The cerebellum constitutes a nervous structure with multiple bidirectional connections with the prefrontal cortex. This relationship allows us to understand its importance on neurocognitive processes. Multidisciplinary evaluation of neurological conditions allows us to study in depth its impact on the emotional and cognitive sphere. Present case study aims to analyze the neurological and neuropsychological characteristics of a 64-year-old patient with cerebellar degeneration (novo progressive cerebellar atrophy) , which has 15 years of evolution but evaluated by the neuropsychology area the last four years. After clinical evaluation carried out in two stages, and after check standardized neurocognitive tests, significant qualitative data are observed. A progressive decline in the patient's neurocognitive sphere is evident, mainly in executive processes, such as bradypsychia, attention deficit, cognitive rigidity, foresight deficit, and categorical evocation. The results suggest deterioration evidenced probably related to underlying cerebellar disorder, and evidence of cortex-cerebellar circuits, such dysfunction will influence on neurocognitive processes of executive type.


Abstract The opposing forces often laid antitank or antipersonnel minefields during wars and other armed conflicts. However, countries those ratified the Ottawa Treaty had abandoned using antipersonnel landmines in the future, the mines laid earlier are still can be found in huge numbers buried under the soil and they cause serious injuries to several people. Safe detection of mines, other dangerous explosive devices and the precise determination of their location sometimes require specific equipment. The authors introduce certain aerial vehicles and some of their special detection devices those can be used for locating landmines from the air.


Named-Data Networking (NDN) is a new communication paradigm where network primitives are based on named-data rather than host identifiers. Compared with IP, NDN has a unique feature that forwarding plane enables each router to select the next forwarding hop independently without relying on routing. Therefore, forwarding strategies play a significant role for adaptive and efficient data transmission in NDN. Most of the existing forwarding strategies use fixed control rules based on simplified or inaccurate models of the deployment environment. As a result, existing schemes inevitably fail to achieve optimal performance across a broad set of network conditions and application demands. In this paper, We propose IFS-RL, an intelligent forwarding strategy based on reinforcement learning. IFS-RL trains a neural network model which chooses appropriate interfaces for the forwarding of Interest based on observations collected by routing node. Not relying on pre-programmed models, IFS-RL learns to make decisions solely through observations of the resulting performance of past decisions. Therefore, IFS-RL can implement intelligent forwrarding which adapt to a wide range of network conditions. Besides, we also researches the learning granularity and the enhancement for network topology change. We compare IFS-RL to state-of-the-art forwarding strategies in ndnSIM. Experimental results show that IFS-RL can achieve higher throughput and lower packet drop rates.


This paper describes the development process of a discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) chip design. It comprises three phases i.e. simulation by MATLAB TM , simulation by SYNOPSYS TM and the final circuit synthesis using SYNOPSYS TM synthesis tools. It also explains the existence of an entity that will ensure accurate data to be processed.


To study the value of the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with B ultrasonographic located radiofrequency ablation(RFA).Methods: The radiofrequency multielectrodes were inserted into the hepatic carcinoma with B ultrasonographic locating.RFA was applied with the power from 50W up to 90W. RFA scope was 1cm out of the margin of the tumor mass in three dimension. After RFA treatment, the AFP level changes and the B ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), biopsy of the liver and hepato arterioangiography were observed.Results: One month after RFA treatment ,in those with abnormal AFP level AFP falled to normal in 18/20 patients, the volume of the tumor mass were enlarged in 9 patients, not changed in 8 patients and decreased in the others at CT and/or ultrasonography. The alive cancer cells in the margin of the tumor mass were found in 1/6 patients at biopsy. The scattering bloodstream in the carcinoma was showed in 1/8 patients on hepato arteriography. After three months, the volume of the tumor was remarkably decreased in 25 patients.Conclusion: The results suggests that RFA appears to ablate hepatic carcinoma effectively as suitable method mastered.


We report a test of MPEG1 compressed video. Each of twelve short standard test scenes was processed through seven versions of MPEG1 and through four comparison systems, yielding a total of 132 processed scenes. The MPEG1 versions were at bit rates of 0.9, 1.2, and 1.8 Mb/s. The comparison systems included VHS VCR and simulated cable TV. Consumers judged the quality of each of the 132 scenes in a laboratory viewing room, using high quality playback equipment, and according to standard procedures of the international standards community. Consumers rated the quality of MPEG1 at 1.8 Mb/s as perceptibly different from a standard unprocessed signal but not annoying. However, MPEG1 at 1.8 Mb/s was also judged to be somewhat less good than VHS. Varying the bit rate in the range 0.9 Mb/s to 1.8 Mb/s for MPEG1 coding had a substantial effect on consumers' judgments of video quality: the higher the bit rate the better the judged quality. The 12 test scenes from the ISO MPEG committee differ in their ability to discriminate codecs when judged by consumers. Demographic differences among consumers did not affect the quality ratings.


The analysis and design of wireless medium access control (MAC) protocols, coding schemes, and transmission algorithms can significantly benefit from an understanding of the channel quality variation. We attempt to represent channel quality variation using a finite-state birth-death Markov model. We outline a method to compute the parameters of the model based on measured traces obtained using common wireless chipsets. Using this Markov chain, we statistically evaluate the performance based on the channel quality, long-term correlations, and burst length distributions. Such a model significantly performs better than a traditional two-state Markov chain in characterizing 802.11 networks while maintaining the simplicity of a birth-death model. We interpret the variation of the model parameters across different locations and different times. A finite-state stationary model is amenable to analysis and can substantially benefit the design of efficient algorithms and make simulations for wireless network protocols faster.


Aggressive accounting, income smoothing, earning management and creative accounting are the financial reporting gimmicks that have influence on the differences in the approaches adopted by accounting practitioners in reporting business income and thereby influencing reported income. The difference accounting policies and approaches adopted by preparers of financial statements create differences in the measurement and assessment of business income through provision and loopholes in International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) that lead to manipulation of financial numbers usually within the letter of the law and accounting Standards. Creative accounting practices employed by preparers of financial statements have created gap in the measurement and assessment of business income and performance due to the selfish interest of few stakeholders to the detriment of the larger society. principles-based accounting is the best in providing relevant, reliable and comparable financial information across reporting period and entities but it is to be recognized that to make principles-based approach more effective and efficient, some grey areas must be modified to avoid the risk of exposing financial information to manipulation through unethical behaviours. Cash flow is more reliable to access and measure entities performance because it is more difficult to manipulate than statement of financial performance and financial position. Keywords: Creative accounting; Income measurement; International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs); Rules-based accounting; Financial Statement; Principles-based accounting. DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-18-11 Publication date :September 30 th 2019


The Oriental genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 is revised. A key to species is provided, along with distribution maps, and illustrations of habitus and male genitalia of all available species. Two new species are described: Physodera sciakyi sp. n. (type locality: S. Sulawesi, Indonesia), and Physodera unicolor sp. n. (type locality: Zhejiang, China). Three new synonyms are proposed: Physodera parvicollis Van de Poll, 1889 = Physodera eschscholtzii Parry, 1849, Allocota sumatrensis Kirschenhofer, 1996 = Physodera eschscholtzii Parry, 1849, and Physodera noctiluca Mohnike, 1875= Physodera dejeani Eschscholtz, 1829.


We investigate the regularity of spontaneous spiking activity on Newman-Watts small-world networks consisting of biophysically realistic Hodgkin-Huxley neurons with a tunable intensity of intrinsic noise and fraction of blocked voltage-gated sodium and potassium ion channels embedded in neuronal membranes. We show that there exists an optimal fraction of shortcut links between physically distant neurons, as well as an optimal intensity of intrinsic noise, which warrant an optimally ordered spontaneous spiking activity. This doubly coherence resonance-like phenomenon depends significantly on, and can be controlled via, the fraction of closed sodium and potassium ion channels, whereby the impacts can be understood via the analysis of the firing rate function as well as the deterministic system dynamics. Potential biological implications of our findings for information propagation across neural networks are also discussed.


Determining the main attacking direction of the enemies' air raid weapons by the commanders and the headquarters of the air defense force is a very important work in the operational deployment. The paper used the FCE to analyze the main attacking direction of the enemy's air raid weapons,and it set forth the basic principle and basic step which was used to solve the problem of practical military,then it calculated the result of the military problem with the qualitative analysis combined with the quantitative analysis,and it tested the method by giving a demonstration to adjust the decision and combat deployment plan.


Potassium-promoted ruthenium supported on CaO is a very efficient catalyst for ammonia decomposition, surpassing the performance of other Ru-supported solids.


Те article is about the creation of «Noopept» an injectable drug and its pharmacological activity. Using components and technology of manufacturing a lyophylyssed parenteral drug form it has been found to have neuroprotective activity which has been proved on an ischemic stroke model arising from distal occlusion of the medial cerebral artery.


Objective To investigate the cause and clinical feature in open-ocular trauma with silicone oil dependency.Methods A retrospective study collecting 269 cases of open ocular traumas after vitrectomy and silicone oil infusion from January 2005 to December 2009 in our hospital.analysis of the cause,surgical procedure and prognosis in 21 open-ocular traumas with silicone oil dependency after vitrectomy.Results 21 eyes(7.8%)of 269 cases occur silicone oil dependency after vitrectomy.of 21 eyes,four eyes after silicone oil removal,there are still occur recurrent vitreous hemorrhage and proliferative membrane,the result is not good after filled with C3F8,then re-filled with silicone oil;6 eyes were filled with silicone oil due to failure of retina replacement,another 9 eyes due to less residual retinal after 360 ° peripheral retinal resection,3 eyes of 1 ~ 3-year-old children were filled with silicone oil a long-term because of the risk of recurrence of retinal detachment after silicone oil removal.At the end of follow-up,the visual acuity of 8 eyes were a feet to 0.1,13 eyes light perception and no light perception.Conclusion The rate of ocular trauma with silicone oil dependency was 7.8%,the main reason of ocular trauma with silicone oil dependency were severe ocular trauma,especially the eyeball rupture with no light perception preoperative,lost of eye contents,hemorrhagic choroidal detachment,fewer residual retinal after 360 ° peripheral retinal resection and infants with low intraocular pressure.


Some important developments in the area of multimedia applications lead to an open, Internet based environment, for multimedia. These developments include: (a) The popularity of the audiovisual content and its associated services (including the traditional TV and video services); (b) The advent of the digital media; (c) The availability of low-cost audiovisual content management devices; and (d) The development of advanced network infrastructures. In such an open environment, the syntactic interoperability provided by the standards (such as the MPEG standards) is necessary for the services offered by different vendors to interoperate. However, since the amount of the available audiovisual content grows exponentially, efficient semantic-based retrieval services should be offered, in order to allow the users to effectively manage the audiovisual content. Such services can be built on top of the semantic-based MPEG-7 audiovisual content descriptions. The MPEG-7 standard [7], which is the dominant standard for audiovisual content description, provides interoperability at the syntactic level and, at the same time, allows for the semantic description of the audiovisual content. There is, though, a serious limitation of the MPEG-7 standard: The MPEG-7 constructs intended for the semantic description of the audiovisual content are general-purpose constructs and the standard does not describe a formal mechanism for the systematic integration of domain knowledge in the MPEG-7 descriptions. Thus, the utilization of the MPEG-7 semantic description constructs, even in conjunction with textual or keyword-based descriptions of the audiovisual content, has serious limitations [5]. Consider, as an example, a query asking for the audiovisual content containing the goals of a soccer game. This approach would return, in addition to the requested material, audiovisual content that contains, in its description, the word " goal " (e.g. " shot-on-goal " , " near-goal " etc.) while it does not contain goal. It is well accepted today that the utilization of domain knowledge can improve the functionality and effectiveness of the information system applications. It can, for example, allow for reasoning on top of the content metadata descriptions and improve the efficiency of the content retrieval and filtering. The integration of domain knowledge in the metadata descriptions allows more precise querying on a semantic vocabulary which is well understood by the domain communities [2][6]. A straightforward solution for the systematic representation of domain knowledge in the MPEG-7 framework is the definition of XML Schema types that extend the general-purpose MPEG-7 types in order to represent domain-specific entities (e.g. goals …


Complete reference: M. Hakan Yavuz; John L. Esposito (eds.) (2003), Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gulen Movement, Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University Press, xxxiii + 280 pages. $59.95 cloth; $24.95 paper. ISBN: 0815630409. Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gulen Movement, edited by Hakan Yavuz and John Esposito, appeared on time when there is an increasing interest in Islam's engagement with the West and modernity. The global surge of so-called religious violence on the one ...


Automated code generation is an important element of model driven development methodologies. We have previously proposed an approach for code generation based on Coloured Petri Net models annotated with textual pragmatics for the network protocol domain. In this paper, we present and evaluate three important properties of our approach: platform independence, code integratability, and code readability. The evaluation shows that our approach can generate code for a wide range of platforms which is integratable and readable.


The Purpose of the paper is to analyze the decision making process of the Carter administration"s U.S. troops withdrawal policy from the Korean peninsular based on the US and South Korea diplomatic documents which were declassified recently. After the presidential inauguration, Cater administration made the system of the Presidential Review Memorandums(PRM) and the Presidential Directives. And Carter ordered the review of the U.S. troops withdrawal on the National Security Council and related institutions. In order to analyze decision making process of U.S. troops withdrawal policy, this paper examined the PRM-10 and the PRM-13. Carter administration discussed the U.S. troops withdrawal plan through the Policy Review Committee(PRM) and the National Security Council.(NSC) subsequently, U.S. troops Withdrawal plan was released through the PD-12. Even though U.S. troops withdrawal policy was designed by the SCM between U.S and South Korea, Carter administration"s withdrawal policy determination was unilateral. This was derived from the fact that the United States stressed the Carter administration' political positions than north korea military assessment. In conclusion, We should be definitely aware of determining the structure and process of the policy of the United States and, therefore, will have to make efforts to prepare for response on an ongoing basis.


Transient heat transfer through composite fins is investigated by numerical methods. In this regard, governing differential equations of the two‐dimensional fin and one‐dimensional cladding are studied to examine the effect of Biot number and ratio of thermal conductivities of the fin material to the cladding, on the dimensionless temperature profiles. In addition, the use of spreadsheet programs in solving the composite fin problems is investigated in somewhat more detail with regard to the solution as well as presentation of the graphical results. The results show that one‐dimensional analysis, traditionally used in fin analysis, is not applicable for composite fins, particularly when the conductivity ratio of the composite fin materials is very high. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Connectivity in social and economic spheres using mobile technology is a global phenomenon. This kind of communication is more significant for Southern Countries: a mean to develop, a way to come out of poverty, and a path towards an equitable society. This relationship between new communication technologies and society is complex, primarily due to their multidimensional effects in personal and social lives. Absence of a proper policy guideline and infrastructure to nurture the mobile communications' potentials can leave the users at risk of privacy violations in an increasingly flattened world. Youths of the developing societies, who have a very high representation in ICT usage hence face greater risks in terms of privacy violation and involuntary personal data commodification. This paper, as a part of a multi-year study, specifically looks into the vulnerability of Bangladeshi youth population using mobile devices, for voice and data communications. Bangladesh, one of the emerging economies in South Asia, has a thriving Telecom/ICT industry with an ever growing number of users, majority of them being young. Based on a nationwide representative survey, we have found the level of trust on existing mobile telephony to be significantly higher than the Internet across the country among all respondents, amid the absence of any clear privacy and security framework at the national level. This paper moreover shows that a significant number of the younger generation (both male and female) are unaware about the concept of privacy in the 'Digital Age' and also have little or no idea about possible risks involved with sharing any voice or data communication.


The rate of heat release from a thermally thin material burning on both sides will be more than twice the value seen when only one side is burning. Two simplified models demonstrate that this is a consequence of the Arrhenius temperature dependence of the gasification rate of the solid. Experiments carried out on three composite materials over a range of incident heat fluxes confirm this effect. It is inferred that a further consequence of this heat release enhancement is an increased tendency for concurrent flame spread in the two-sided burning case. Materials whose application could lead to two-sided burning should thus be assessed in this mode to obtain a true picture of their flammability potential.


Threelowdensity polyethylene (LDPE) grades withvarying vinyl content werecrosslinked using different mechanisms. Onetarget wastoidentify whether there wereanydifferences inwatertreeing properties forthethree LDPEgrades that hadsimilar network density, although thenetwork wasobtained in different ways.Thesecond target wastoobserve the behaviour ofwatertreeing inacrosslinked LDPEwith increasing amounts ofdicumyl peroxide. Itwasfound that thewaythenetwork wasformed isnotimportant forthewatertreeing properties. Thewatertrees grew withincreasing dicumyl peroxide content, possibly depending onthesimultaneous decrease incrystallinity.


Multi-view approach has been proposed to solve occlusion and lack of visibility in crowded scenes. However, the problem is that too much redundancy information might bring about false alarm. Although researchers have done many efforts on how to use the multi-view information to track people accurately, it is particularly hard to wipe off the false alarm. Our approach is to use multiple views cooperatively to detect objects and use objects silhouette on planes of different height to remove false alarm. To achieve this we adopt a novel multi-planar homography constraint to resolve occlusions and false alarm. Experimental results show that our algorithm is able to accurately locate people in crowded scene maintaining correct correspondences across views. Moreover, the false alarm rate is obviously reduced.


Lattice rules are among the best methods to estimate integrals in a large number of dimensions. They are part of the quasi-Monte Carlo set of tools. A theoretical framework for a class of lattice rules defined in a space of polynomials with coefficients in a finite field is developed in this paper. A randomized version is studied, implementations and criteria for selecting the parameters are discussed, and examples of its use as a variance reduction tool in stochastic simulation are provided. Certain types of digital net constructions, as well as point sets constructed by taking all vectors of successive output values produced by a Tausworthe random number generator, are special cases of this method.


A study on the avian utilization of Gmelina arborea in General Hassan Katsina Park (Gamji Park) was carried out between 0630hr to 0830hr, from December 2015 to January 2016. Four G. arborea trees spaced 100 m apart were identified and each observed from a 50 m distance while recording the bird species, time spent and behavioral activities carried out on the trees. A total of 26 bird species belonging to 18 families were recorded in five height classes of the tree, using focal observation. Bird diversity index was highest (2.50) in the fourth stratum, 16-20 m, and reduced to the second stratum, 6-10 m (2.18). The topmost stratum (21-25 m) recorded the least diversity index value (1.23), other than the 1-5 m height stratum where no bird was recorded. Six bird species that included members of the family: Psittacidae encountered and the Yellow-billed kite ( Milvus migrans ) however, utilized the topmost height. Bird abundance closely followed the same trend. Vinaceous dove ( Streptopelia vinacea ) spent the highest mean time (268 seconds) on the tree perching, closely followed by Piacpiac ( Ptilostomus afer ) (249 seconds). Yellow-billed kite ( Milvus migrans ) spent the least time of 36 seconds. Highest frequencies of bird activity were perching (29.67 %), gleaning (27.25 %), hopping (24.39 %) and preening (19.69 %). Yellow-billed kite and Grey kestrel spend the least time but often seen hovering and scanning in the park. The results indicate predominance of selectiveness over random utilization of G. arborea for most bird species observed. Key words : Bird species, Height class, Gmelina arborea , utilization, Kaduna.


The school life significance is restricted by the social conditions and the school educational system.There are various significances in school life in China Mainland,such as instrumental,cognitive significance,significance of knowledge uptake,all of which are related to the unique conditions and the educational system of the now China.To face the challenges,we should focus on the significance of individuality,awareness of values and practice in the school life.


A high intensity external electromagnetic radiation is applied to a rectangular aperture to study the front door coupling into a complicated enclosure. The study is based on the determination of radiation impedance of apertures to obtain the probability levels of the induced voltages along a monopole antenna. Experimental validation is carried out using a computer box as an enclosure. A good agreement is obtained between simulations and measurements.


Campylobacter spp. are often found on poultry meat and can cause gastroenteritis in human. The aim of this study was to detect thermophilic Campylobacter species in quail, partridge, and ostrich meat in Ahvaz, Iran. From July 2009 to February 2010, samples of quail (n = 50), partridge (n = 30) and ostrich (n = 24) meat for sale in retail outlets in Ahvaz, Iran, were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter. Campylobacter sp. was isolated from 28 of 50 (58%) quail meat, 9 of 30 (30%) partridge meat and 3 of 24 (12.5%) ostrich meat samples. Of the 40 Campylobacter positive samples 90% (36) samples had Campylobacter jejuni and 10% (4) C. coli. The study concluded that high proportion of poultry meats marketed in Ahvaz, Iran is contaminated by Campylobacter with a possible risk to human health. Key-words: Campylobacter, quail, partridge, ostrich, poultry meat, prevalence


We consider so-called iterated function systems, mainly as a mathematical model of (non-linear) autoregressive time series. We apply recent results on Markov chains to iterated function systems and such time series. The goal is to ensure the aperiodic strong ergodicity of Markov chains generated by iterated function systems, respectively of the time series. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 60J05; Secondary 62M10.


ABSTRACT With the growing complexity of manufacturing systems nowadays, the effective assessment of important risk factors inherent in the manufacturing process is crucial for the stability and reliability of such complex systems. Thus, this article proposes a data-driven approach using the state-of-art machine learning techniques to assess and forecast the procurement risks of non-ferrous metals associated with complex manufacturing systems. A variety of state-of-art machine learning models including ANN, LSTM, BLSTM, GARCH, as well as their combinations which compose the proposed hybrid models, are deployed and analyzed. The testing results show that the proposed hybrid machine learning method can forecast the price uncertainty in procurement and effectively evaluate the procurement risk in a precautious manner. Moreover, it is shown that the hybrid model that combines GARCH, ANN, and LSTM significantly improves the forecasting results. Besides, the optimal choice of the network configurations in the hybrid model is also analyzed via a series of sensitivity analyses. This research can serve as a useful reference for the effective assessment and control of procurement risk for manufacturing firms.


Waiting lists for elective surgery are a topical issue in many publicly funded health systems. Decision makers should, therefore, state rules to prioritise access in order to attain both efficiency and equity. Efficiency requires that resources should be allocated to satisfy maximum social benefit. Equity means that everyone should receive healthcare at the right moment, i.e. before his/her conditions worsen (horizontal equity, depending on 'urgency'), and that different needs should receive different answers (vertical equity). In Italian National Health System since 2002 guidelines suggest classifying elective surgery referrals into categories (urgency-related groups, URGs) associated with a maximum waiting time within which the patient should receive treatment. The Surgical Waiting List Info System program is geared at setting and testing an experimental web-based informative system for prioritising elective surgery admissions belonging to different URGs and producing reports about the performance of waiting lists in terms of efficiency and equity indexes.


Each year FAPRI‐MU publishes a 10‐year outlook for the agriculture sec‐ tor in the U.S. This Outlook uses information available in January 2015 and assumes that currently agreed policy (including the new farm bill) remains in place for the projection. Macroeconomic assumptions are based on December IHS Global Insight figures. The FAPRI‐MU Outlook is not a forecast – markets will be moved in ways not foreseen by the model. In order to capture some of this uncertainty the results reported here are the average of 500 simulations of the model which try to incorporate some of the main sources of uncertainty, such as weather variation. Some key results: • Record production of corn and soybeans in 2014 has pushed down prices of all major grains and oilseeds. • In response to lower expected prices, U.S. producers are projected to reduce corn, wheat and cotton acreage in 2015, while slightly increas‐ ing soybean area. The total area devoted to major crops declines in 2015, but remains above the average that prevailed over the 2008‐13 life of the previous farm bill. • Average projected corn prices recover to $3.89 per bushel for the 2015/16 marketing year in response to reduced U.S. production. Wheat and soybean prices both fall in 2015/16, to $5.17 per bushel and $9.29 per bushel, respectively, given continued large global sup‐ plies. • Between 2016/17 and 2024/25, corn prices average $4.06 per bushel and soybeans $10.09 per bushel, similar to projections made last year. Wheat prices average $5.57 per bushel, and cotton prices average 63 cents per pound. • Milk, hog and poultry prices are all projected to decline in 2015 as producers respond to lower feed costs and the record output prices of 2014 by significantly increasing production. Cattle and beef supplies remain tight in 2015, but prices begin to fall in 2016 as beef produc‐ tion starts to expand again. • Lower prices translate into reduced farm income, as both crop and livestock cash receipts decline in 2015. Lower feed and fuel costs result in a modest reduction in total farm production expenses. Net farm income falls to $79 billion, a 27 percent decline from 2014. • Payments under 2014 farm bill programs increase when crop prices fall. A projected $3.9 billion in Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) and Price Loss Coverage (PLC) payments for the 2014 crop will be made after fiscal year (FY) 2016 begins on …


signs of improvement, the intestinal tube was re moved on the fourth day, the nasogastnic tube was removed on the sixth day, and oral feeding was re sumed progressively. Subsequently, the patient did well until the 14th hospital day when he had an other episodeof small-bowel obstruction, which was again relieved by intestinal decompression for 5 days. After oral intake was resumed, the patient's medica tion included notably Mylanta (200 mg Al(OH)3/5 ml) 30 ml 0 1 hr. X-ray film of the chest, bone scan, SGOT, BUN, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, serum proteins, and acid phosphatase were normal. The initial liven scan was performed on the 30th hospital day after injec tion of 3 mCi of ODmTc..sulfur colloid prepared by a previously described method (8) . This scan re vealed moderate uptake of colloid in the lungs with no discernible radioactivity in the bone marrow, stomach, or cardiac blood pool. On the day of the original liven scan, a sample of the patient's plasma was obtained following the ob servation of increased lung deposition of the sulfur colloid. An 0.5-cc aliquot of the plasma was added to 1 cc of 99mTcsulfur colloid. A white flocculant precipitate was observed visually and micnoscopi cally (Fig. I ) . A flocculant precipitate of this na tune was described as capable of lodging in the pulmonary circulation (9—1 ) . The technetium sul ful colloid used was found to contain less than 1 ppm aluminum ion as determined colorimetnically. A colonimetnic determination for aluminum ion in the patient's plasma revealed about 35 ppm (normal is less than 4 ppm) . A sample was not available to


The evaluation system of college students' physical fitness is a multi-level and multi-objective comprehensive evaluation system. The current evaluation system means and methods are relatively simple, and cannot comprehensively and dynamically evaluate the physical fitness of college students. This paper uses neural network BP algorithm to evaluate the physical fitness of college students. Through research and exploration, it is found that the evaluation system should comprehensively consider individual differences, and the evaluation criteria should focus on improving students' enthusiasm for physical exercise, focusing on self-improvement in process goals, and cultivating students' awareness of lifelong physical exercise as the main evaluation index.


The System of civil action collateral to criminal procedure is a unique one of the code of criminal procedure in our country.The system plays an important role in punishing criminals to protect legal fights of victims.But there are still inadequacies in the code of criminal procedure.Regulations should be made complete.


Abstract An efficient synthesis of symmetrical 1,2-disubstituted 4,5-dialkynylimidazoles by Sonogashira alkynylation of the corresponding 4,5-dibromo derivatives was developed. Moreover, through a careful tuning of the palladium ligand, unsymmetrical 1,2-disusbtituted 4,5-dialkynylimidazoles were also prepared through a regioselective C5 alkynylation of 4,5-dibromoimidazoles, followed by a second alkynylation involving the 4-bromo derivatives so obtained. This interesting class of imidazole-fused enediynes is also able to give thermal Bergman cycloaromatization (BC), as proved by DSC experiments.


PURPOSE: An integrated circuit device including a resistive device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to stably maintain the resistance of a resistive pattern by sufficiently decreasing a contact resistance of a contact unit in contact with a resistive connector. CONSTITUTION: A semiconductor substrate(101) including an active region is provided. A resistive pattern including at least one connection unit is formed. The resistive pattern is arranged on a protrusion unit which limits a resistive body and a recess unit. A gate pattern(180) including a metal silicide layer is formed. A resistive connector is electrically connected to the connection unit.


Background : By operating 3 same models of Automated Chemisπy Analyzer(Olympus AU560. Japan) and tested results and values from each Analyzer, we`` d like to evaluate each analyzer's accuracy, precision, linearity, correlations and etc, to report its value.Methods : By using Central Blood Center's Automated Chemistry Analyzer, Olympus system reagent N(control serum level 1 QDCα)()3 LOT No 014, Olympus AU560's company's standard material) and Olympus system reagent P(control serum level 2 QDC0003 LOT No 014) to measure Accuracy. To measure precision, we used Pooling Serum on divided blood donor's samples as low, medium and high concentration also diluting low and high concentrated samples by stages to measure Linearity. By meauring samples with each Analyzer over and over, we analyzed difference between Analyzers. Result In Accuracy study, all of resu1ts showed in standard value of ALT, but in between-run of Precision study, there were different CES resu1t values between low(19.84- 22.33 IU/L) and high(142.86-148.47 IU/L) concentrated samples from different analyzes and for medium(55.19-57.64 IU/L) concentrated samples there were no difference resu1t values between analyzes. In within-run, except second analyzer's high concentrated sample, there were no difference between am and pm's result values. In Linearity, samples, which can be measured, showed good Linearity(R2=0.998). In difference between Analyzers, the coefficient of correlation in 3 analyzes was more than 0.986 which was good result. Conclusions All 3 of AU-560 Automated Chemistry Analyzers showed satisfactoη Accuracy, Precision, Linearity and difference between analyzers had g∞d correlation, therefore it shows the equipments are well managed. But in between-run of Precision study, we found that to manage equipments well, the matters that relate to results of test, such as men, machine, methcxl, measurement, material, milieu and etc have to be comprehended all the time, also matters must be satisfied and need scrupulous care of management..


We demonstrate that perturbative QCD leads to positive 3D parton--parton correlations inside nucleon explaining a factor two enhancement of the cross section of multi-parton interactions observed at Tevatron at $x_i\ge 0.01$ as compared to the predictions of the independent parton approximation. We also find that though perturbative correlations decrease with $x$ decreasing, the nonperturbative mechanism kicks in and should generate correlation which, at $x$ below $10^{-3}$, is comparable in magnitude with the perturbative one for $x\sim 0.01$.


This book provides a global perspective on the transformations in the world of work caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The collection of essays will break down the general statistics and trends into glimpses of concrete experiences of workers during pandemic, of workplaces transformed or destroyed, of workers protesting against political measures, of professions particularly exposed to the coronavirus, and also of the changing nature of some professions. © 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. All rights reserved.


AbstractThis research investigates the application of multiobjective optimization (MO) modeling to the issue of water resources sustainability, from a water supply standpoint, with specific application to the Prescott Active Management Area (AMA) in Arizona. One unique aspect of the investigation is the development of a method to quantify the nonuse value of groundwater for use in a quantitative optimization model. Another is the incorporation within the model of objectives that include the typically conflicting goals of growth, conservation, and cost minimization. The model is solved using a multiobjective genetic algorithm.


It was realised a map of the touristic potential of the water resources in Suceava District and various aspects of this potential are discussed. Rivers, lakes, swamps, springs and other forms of water which represents a touristic resource are detailed by functional domains; from these, the mineral springs and the presence of the snow are the most important elements of touristic potential that can generate touristic flows. The evolution, in the county, of the water resources-related tourism is assumed to be similar to that observed for other countries in Central-Eastern Europe.


AbstractThis paper presents a two-way linked multiscale method that is integrated with nanomechanical tests and a cohesive zone fracture model to investigate highly heterogeneous cementitious mater...


The paper presents the design of a specific type of instrumented wheelset intended for continuous measuring of lateral and vertical wheel-rail interaction forces 𝑌 and 𝑄 , in accordance with regulations EN 14363 and UIC 518. The platform is a standard heavy wheelset BA314 with an axle-load of 25 tons. The key problems of smart instrumentalization are solved by the use of the wheel's numerical FEM model, which provides a significant cost reduction in the initial stage of development of the instrumented wheelset. The main goal is to ensure high measuring accuracy. The results of the FEM calculations in ANSYS are basis for identification of the distribution of strains on the internal and external side of the wheel disc. Consequently, the most convenient radial distances for installation of strain gauges of Wheatstone measuring bridges are determined. In the next stage, the disposition, number and ways of interconnection of strain gauges in the measuring bridges are defined. Ultimately, an algorithm for inverse determination of parameters 𝑌 and 𝑄 based on mixed signals from the measuring bridges is developed. The developed solution is validated through tests on specific examples, using a created numerical FEM model. A high accuracy of estimation of unknown parameters 𝑌 and 𝑄 is obtained with an error of less than 4.5%, while the error of estimation of their ratio 𝑌 / 𝑄 is less than 2%. Therefore, the proposed solution can be efficiently used in the instrumentalization of the considered wheelset, while the problems of its practical implementation will be the subject of further research.


Selenium traces have been determined in different sediments (estuarine, river, lake), sandy soil and sewage sludge with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). Negative selenium atomic ions are formed in a double-filament thermal ion source. The use of a silica gel technique for ionization improves the mass spectrometric sensitivity by a factor of 40 compared with the technique previously applied. An enriched 82Se spike is used for the isotope dilution process. The samples are decomposed with a mixture of cone. HNO3 and cone. HF. After decomposition selenium is separated by the formation of Sell2 in a hydride generation system which is normally applied for atomic absorption spectrometry. The IDMS results for three standard reference sediments agree well with the certified values. In the case of three other standard reference materials, which are not certified for selenium up to now, the IDMS analyses were able to improve the selenium data given for information or as indicative values. The precision of the IDMS method in the concentration range of 0 .2 -3 .5 gg/g lies between 0.8 % and 4.1%. The detection limit is 6 ng/g. A comparison with several other methods shows that IDMS is one of the very few analytical methods which produces accurate selenium results even at concentration levels of 0.2 lag/g and less in sediments and related samples of environmental interest.


This paper examines the three movements that characterize the ownership and management of lands and natural resources in Ghana since the start of British colonial rule. First, we explore the different stratagems employed by the colonial State in its attempt to introduce the failed Crown Lands Bill that sought to give it control over the locals' lands. Next, we turn the spotlight on the state-centric approach to ownership of lands and natural resources adopted by the post-independent State, particularizing the reasons for the new approach. Finally, we discuss the defining features of the current movement, whose seeds were sown at the close of the second movement but only germinated properly in 1992 with the birth of the Fourth Republic. The paper argues that an appreciation of the different shades that undergird these movements is a crucial step towards understanding the current land tenure system and creating the future we hope for as far as the ownership and management of lands and natural resources in Ghana are concerned.


In order to synthesize controllers for wheeled mobile robots (WMRs), some design techniques are usually based on the assumption that the center of mass is at the center of the robot itself. Nevertheless, the exact position of the center of mass is not easy to measure, thus WMRs is a typical uncertain nonlinear system with unknown control direction. Based on the fast terminal sliding mode control, an adaptive fuzzy path tracking control scheme is proposed for mobile robots with unknown control direction. In this scheme, the fuzzy system is used to approximate unknown functions, and a robust controller is constructed to compensate for the approximation error. The Nussbaum-type functions are integrated into the robust controller to estimate the unknown control direction. It is proved that all the signals in the closed-loop system are bounded, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin in a limited time. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is illustrated by a simulation example.


Contemporary trends, lifestyle, directions of thinking and acting in different areas of interest of people, are reflections of today's literature. Therefore, literature as it is today, through its narrative, provides a true picture of social opportunities in a direct, concise and hyperrealistic way. Given the broader picture of society with all available means in terms of access to information, movement, global opportunities, thаn a complete profile of modern man can be made both as an individual and as a member of the planetary community of human society. The Renaissance period was marked by the advent of the printing press, and today it is an internet platform for accessing various topics and data, as is literature in its traditional form. By drawing a parallel between these two periods, we will look at the basic features of thought that influenced the culture of one as well as the culture of the other or modern period through the analytical-descriptive method.


This paper describes the current effort to develop a standardized data set, or suite of digital video sequences, that can be used for test and evaluation of digital video motion detectors (VMDs) for exterior applications. We have drawn from an extensive video database of typical application scenarios to assemble a comprehensive data set. These data, some existing for many years on analog videotape, have been converted to a reproducible digital format and edited to generate test sequences several minutes long for many scenarios. Sequences include non-alarm video, intrusions and nuisance alarm sources, taken with a variety of imaging sensors including monochrome CCD cameras and infrared (thermal) imaging cameras, under a variety of daytime and nighttime conditions. The paper presents an analysis of the variables and estimates the complexity of a thorough data set. Some of this video data test has been digitized for CD-ROM storage and playback. We are considering developing a DVD disk for possible use in screening and testing VMDs prior to government testing and deployment. In addition, this digital video data may be used by VMD developers for further refinement or customization of their product to meet specific requirements. These application scenarios may also be used to define the testing parameters for future procurement qualification. A personal computer may be used to play back either the CD-ROM or the DVD video data. A consumer electronics-style DVD player may be used to replay the DVD disk. This paper also discusses various aspects of digital video storage including formats, resolution, CD-ROM and DVD storage capacity, formats, editing and playback.


Background The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of 5% lidocaine patch in reducing propofol-induced pain and cannula-induced pain. Methods In a randomized, double-blind study, 126 patients were divided into one of three groups: pretreatment with a 5% lidocaine patch (Lidotop®) and premixed 2 ml of normal saline with 1.5 mg/kg of 1% propofol (Group A); pretreatment with a placebo patch and premixed 2 ml of normal saline with 1.5 mg/kg of 1% propofol (Group B); or pretreatment with a placebo patch and premixed 2 ml of 2% lidocaine (40 mg) with 1.5 mg/kg of 1% propofol (Group C) for induction of anesthesia. Pain severity was evaluated on a four-point verbal rating scale during intravenous cannulation, propofol injection, and 24 h after the operation (recall). Results Eighteen patients (47.4%) in Group A complained of cannula-induced pain compared with 35 (94.6%) in Group B and 36 (94.7%) in Group C (P < 0.001). Group A patients showed significantly lower incidence of propofol-induced pain and recall of propofol-induced pain compared with Group B (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01), whereas there was no difference compared with Group C. Conclusions Preoperative transdermal administration of 5% lidocaine patch is an effective and simple method in reducing propofol-induced pain as well as cannula-induced pain.


The invention discloses an oil refining sewage catalytic ozonation advanced treatment method and an oil refining sewage catalytic ozonation advanced treatment device and belongs to the technical filed of oil refining sewage treatment. The method includes following steps: performing first-stage degradation to organic pollutants by oversaturated ozone in water with synergistic effect of a solid-phase catalyst in a high-pressure catalytic ozonation column; performing second-stage degradation to the organic pollutants by residual ozone in water with the synergistic effect of the solid-phase catalyst in a normal-pressure catalytic ozonation column. The oil refining sewage catalytic ozonation advanced treatment device includes following units, in a successively communicating manner, a liquid oxygen storage tank, an ozone generator, an ozone compressor, the high-pressure catalytic ozonation column and the normal-pressure catalytic ozonation column. By means of gradient utilization of high-pressure ozone and normal-pressure ozone, discharged water can reach a national urban industrial wastewater discharge standard and a problem that utilization rate of the ozone is low and low-concentration persistent organic pollutant is low in degradation efficiency is solved. The method and the device can avoid treatment of a tail gas of the ozone, can reduce cost and energy consumption of sewage treatment and can increase economy of the catalytic ozonation technology.


Fluorescence lifetime imaging is a valuable and versatile tool for the investigation of the molecular environment of fluorophores in living cells. It is ideally suited— and is therefore increasingly used—for the quantification of the occurrence of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer, a powerful microscopy method for the detection of subnanometer conformational changes, protein‐protein interactions, and protein biochemical status. However, careful quantitative analysis is required for the correct and meaningful interpretation of fluorescence lifetime data. This can be a daunting task to the nonexpert user, and is the source for many avoidable errors and unsound interpretations. Digman and colleagues (Digman et al., 2007, Biophys. J. 94, L14–6) present an analysis technique that avoids data fitting in favor of a simple graphical polar data representation. In this "phasor" space, the physics of lifetime imaging becomes more intuitive and accessible also to the inexperienced user. The cumulated information from image pixels, even over different cells, describes patterns and trajectories that can be visually interpreted in physically meaningful ways. Its usefulness is demonstrated in the study of the dimerization of the uPAR receptor.


To study the nuclear symmetry energy, we extend the Dirac-Brueckner approach with a Bonn one-boson-exchange nucleon-nucleon interaction to the general case of asymmetric nuclear matter. We extract the symmetry energy coefficient at the saturation to be about 31 MeV, which is in good agreement with the empirical value of 30{plus_minus}4thinspMeV. The symmetry energy is found to increase almost linearly with the density, which differs considerably from the results of nonrelativistic approaches. This finding also supports the linear parametrization of Prakash, Ainsworth, and Lattimer. We find, furthermore, that the higher-order dependence of the nuclear equation of state on the asymmetry parameter is unimportant. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}


According to the limiting shear stress theory and by combining the optimal design with fuzzy design theory, the fuzzy reliability constraints of the static strength and fatigue strength about the valve springs were deduced. The multi-objective reliability optimal design mathematical model with the lightest mass and the best anti-resonance performance was established. To normalize each branch objective function by using Sine transform function method,by taking the maximum and minimum ratio of branch objective function as the judgment for number level difference, the same number level transformation was manipulated. Bu taking the valve springs in the Diesel Engine16V240ZJB which is used in internal combustion locomotive DF8B as a design example to introduce the entropy theory, the fuzzy reliability optimum design for complex parts was achieved based on Matlab. Results showed that the mass of valve spring had been slightly reduced, the performance of antiresonance had been enhanced, and the fatigue strength reliability degree was risen considerably. The optimized effect is good.


Nanosized SO 2- 4/Ce-TiO 2 particles have been prepared from Ti(OBu) 4、Ce(NO 3) 3 and H 2SO 4 by a sol-gel method followed by calcination at 500 ℃ and characterized by XRD、IR、BET、XPS and TG-DTA technologies. The SO 2- 4/Ce-TiO 2 obtained mainly comsisted of anatase TiO 2 with a solid superacid character. The catalytic activity of SO 2- 4/Ce-TiO 2(ratio of Ce to TiO 2 was 0.5% and impregnated with H 2SO 4 solution(0.5 mol/L)) in photodegradation on dimethyl dichlorovinyl phosphate(DDVP) was much higher than that of Ce-TiO 2 under the same reaction conditions.


The performance of passively mode-locked Nd:GYSGG lasers was investigated for the first time. The 1061.5 nm continuous wave (CW) mode-locking operation of the Nd:GYSGG crystal was achieved and pulse as short as 3.1 ps have been generated with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). At the pump power of 7.39 W, the maximum average output power of 1.27 W was obtained with the slope efficiency of 18.9%. The pulse repetition rate of 42 MHz was obtained.


Given a parametrized family of finite frames, we consider the optimization problem of finding the member of this family whose coefficient space most closely contains a given data vector. This nonlinear least squares problem arises naturally in the context of a certain type of radar system. We derive analytic expressions for the first and second partial derivatives of the objective function in question, permitting this optimization problem to be efficiently solved using Newton's method. We also consider how sensitive the location of this minimizer is to noise in the data vector. We further provide conditions under which one should expect the minimizer of this objective function to be unique. We conclude by discussing a related variational-calculus-based approach for solving this frame optimization problem over an interval of time.


Aquatic habitat monitoring is being conducted by numerous organizations in many parts of the Pacific Northwest to document physical and biological conditions of stream reaches as part of legal- and policy-mandated environmental assessments. Remote sensing using discrete-return, near-infrared, airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and high-resolution digital imagery may provide an alternative basis for measuring physical stream attributes that are traditionally recorded by field crews in these monitoring efforts. Here, we compare physical channel characteristics determined from airborne LiDAR versus those measured from field surveys using a total station.


The invention relates to a device (100) for receiving and playback of sequences consisting of audio and / or video may receive audio and video signals from various external sources (108; 111; 113) including: - storage means (110; 140; 141) different sequences received, - means for selecting and arranging (120; 142) different sequences stored for up personal programs - return means (123; 144) of the compound personal program on one or more device of the output members (100), - storing means (110; 143) of the various compounds personal programs.


A coaxial transformer bridge for QHE-based calibration of resistance standards has been developed. An 8-decade two-stage inductive voltage divider forms ratio arms of the bridge and triple-series connection of the reference QHE sample to the bridge is employed. Frequency characteristics of LEP heterostructures have been measured by comparing them against resistors with calculable frequency dependences. Two quadrifilar, Gibbings's type resistors with nominal values of 12906 /spl Omega/ and 6453 /spl Omega/ have been used in this measurement.


Pedestrian bridges have become an important part of a city's public environment to provide linkages from one place to another in order to tackle pedestrian safety issues. After a while, these facilities ingrained into the socio-cultural functions and one of their outstanding roles is enhancement of the visual quality in urban landscape. However, nowadays the design procedures only focus on their functional aspects and consequently neglect their aesthetic values. According to the reports from Tehran, most of pedestrian bridges in Tehran have less than 50% functional efficiency and they are believed that one of the factors responsible for this shortage related to their appearance aspects. Therefore there are a mutual relationship between functionality and visual qualities of pedestrian bridges in urban landscape and in order to help urban designers, bridges' engineers and planners to improve the aesthetic qualities for pedestrian bridges and then increase their functionality, baseline data is needed on people's perception to make decision for planning or designing the urban areas for them. As such, this study attempts to provide new insights into how people view pedestrian bridges in an urban landscape and further reveal new details and information regarding the perception for pedestrian bridges. In summary, this study conducted a survey with 384 respondents in Tehran regarding their most and least liked aspects of the appearance for pedestrian bridges in urban landscape of Tehran. So, a verbal description of respondents was collected and the descriptive words given by the participants for both questions were categorized based on their themes and these categories were labeled according to those themes. The themes can help determine the underlying reasons why respondents like or dislike pedestrian bridges. The findings first revealed that people in Tehran pay less attention to the appearance of the bridges because the bridges have low aesthetic values. Then the results supported by theory of "Good City Form", and also "Affordance theory" who both believe the appearance of an area can influence its function.


Abstract An open-end winding induction motor drive fed from two inverters with different DC-link voltages is proposed in this paper. A total of 64 voltage space phasor combinations are possible in this scheme, as each inverter is capable of producing 8-voltage space phasors independently of the other. The proposed scheme produces 37 voltage space phasor locations while a 3-level inverter produces only 18 voltage space phasor locations. In the proposed scheme, the neutral connection of the induction motor is removed (open-end winding) and is fed from both the ends. Two 2-level inverters with isolated DC-link voltages of 2/3 Vdc and 1/3 Vdc are used for driving the motor, where Vdc denotes the DC-link voltage of an equivalent conventional (single-inverter) scheme. A combination of two 2-level inverters with 2/3 Vdc and 1/3 Vdc DC-link voltages produces a total of 64 voltage space phasor combinations in 37 space phasor locations. The voltage space phasor locations can be associated with three regions according to the speed range. In the lower speed range, while being in the PWM mode of operation, the phase voltage exhibits a six-step envelope (similar to the conventional scheme) and in the middle range the motor phase voltage, still being in the PWM mode of operation, shows a 12-step envelope. In the higher speed range (including over modulation) the motor phase voltage has an 18-step envelope. A simple and elegant space phasor based PWM scheme has been proposed in this paper, which requires only the instantaneous values of the three phase motor reference voltages in all of the sectors. The sector identification is achieved by comparing the components of the motor reference voltages, using simple hysteresis comparators, along the three orthogonal axes to the a, b, c phase axes. The proposed PWM strategy has been experimentally verified on a 1HP open-end winding motor and the experimental results are presented in this paper.


The aim of this study was to examine neuropsychological function in patients with carbon disul- fide intoxication. Eight patients with carbon disulfide-induced polyneuropathy participated in the study of neuropsychological function. Each subject received a comprehensive neuropsychological examination. The patients' performance on the tests were compared with a group of healthy control subjects matched for age and education. The results revealed that the patients with carbon disulfide-induced polyneuropathy had deficits in visual perception of irregularly geometric figures, auditory sustained attention, visually selective attention, cognitive flexibility and concept formation, and manual dexterity of the nondominant hand, and depression. Our findings in Taiwanese patients, thus, were partially commensurate with the previous obser- vations of defective neuropsychological function in individuals with carbon disulfide intoxication. Despite that our findings were based on such small sample of the patients, it appears that carbon disulfide-induced polyneuropathy had clinical implications.


Development practitioners in the West have proclaimed that a "feminization of agriculture" is occurring in the developing world. In this paper, I use household survey data collected in rural China to empirically test whether or not women have been doing an increasing amount of farmwork. I find exactly the opposite-- if anything, the proportion of farmwork being done by women is declining over the late 1990s. Furthermore, I analyze the demographic composition of the farm labor force and find that the future feminization of agriculture is unlikely.