Eelgrass Zostera marina L. populations in the Great Bay Estuary, on the New Hampshire-Maine border, decreased dramatically between 1981 and 1984. The immediate cause of this decline was not pollution as found recently in other estuaries, but an infection of healthy leaf tissue by a microorganism. The slime mold Labyrinthula, associated with the 1930's eelgrass wasting disease that devasted populations on both sides of the North Atlantic, was isolated from eelgrass tissue, as were other possibly infectious microorganisms. In addition to the decline of eelgrass in the estuary, we have documented the sequence of infection and die-back in mesocosm and laboratory eelgrass cultures that resulted in conditions analogous to those observed in the estuary. The disappearance of eelgrass Zostera marina L. from coastal waters of Europe and North America in the early 1930's was a major natural catastrophe (Milne & Milne 1951, Rasmussen 1977). Researchers evaluating the causes of this dramatic decline, termed the 'wasting disease', proposed 2 causal agents: an infectious slime mold, Labyrinthula (Cotton 1933, Petersen 1933, Renn 1934, Cottam & Addy 1947); and environmental stress from abnormally warm temperatures increasing the plant's susceptibility to ever-present microorganisms (Rasmussen 1977). Whatever the cause, the environmental impact of the wasting disease was extensive, encompassing alterations in current patterns and sediment distribution, disruption of coastal food chains and fisheries, and losses of major populations of migratory waterfowl (Stevens 1936, Tutin 1938, Rasmussen 1977, Thayer et al. 1984). More recent eelgrass declines have been blamed on environmental pollution and human impact in coastal areas (Orth & Moore 1983). However, like the decline of the 1930's, there is controversy about the actual Scientific Contribution No. 188 from the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory and No. 1313 from the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station O Inter-Research/Printed in F. R. Germany cause of these recent events (Jones & Tippie 1983, Kemp et al. 1983, Nienhuis 1983). The loss of eelgrass and other submerged aquatic plants in the Chesapeake Bay has been variously attributed to eutrophication, herbicides from runoff, and increased turbidity from development (Jones & Tippie 1983, Kemp et al. 1983). A seagrass decline in southwestern Australia was linked to industrial expansion and alteration of harbor circulation (Cambridge & McComb 1984). An analysis of eelgrass decline within the tidally restricted Grevelingen Lake in Holland suggested that increased nutrient loading produced toxic conditions in the sediments (Nienhuis 1983). A major decline of eelgrass populations has now been detected in the Great Bay Estuary on the New Hampshire-Maine border (Fig. l), and the virtual disappearance of eelgrass from the outer estuary has been linked not to pollution but to a disease. Monitoring of the Piscataqua River and Little Bay where abundant eelgrass grew in 1981 revealed no viable eelgrass beds in 1984. Either dead matted rhizomes were found with only residual reproductive stems, or scattered shoots were observed where large beds formerly thrived. The eelgrass tissue that remained had black patches on the leaves. The furthest up-estuary extent of the decline was Furber Straits. This is the site of the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory (JEL) where the decline sequence was observed in mesocosm eelgrass cultures during 1984. The eelgrass sampling stations for both 1981 and 1984 are shown on the lower map in Fig. 1. Stn 1 and 2 are in the Piscataqua River, Stn 3 to 5 in Little Bay and Stn 6 and 7 in Great Bay. Eelgrass leaf abundance at these stations is reported for the seasonal peak biomass in July. Ten replicate samples for 1980, 1981 and 1984 were collected from ' / g m2 areas using SCUBA. The 1980-81 biomass pattern showing 90 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser 29: 89-92, 1986


Two chain extenders DTH and DTHM (prepared from diethanol amine, toluene diisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, respectively) containing acryloyl and methacryloyl group were synthesized. The pre-polymer prepared by reaction of DTH or DTHM with polyether-polyurethane was photopolymerized to give a flexible material. The linear relation was found between the Shore hardness and the methacryloyl group content in the above photo-crosslinked polymer products. The contribution of polymer compositions to the hardness, flexibility and resolution power of the photosensitive materials has been investigated. The results provided for the further preparation of developing solvents. The optimum exposure time for the different photosensitive prepolymer systems has been determined.


This report summarizes the results of a series of simulated and impact tests conducted on a NJ Breakaway Sign structure. The tests were aimed at isolating and modifying those aspects of the system which were causing excessive damage to components as a result of vehicular impacts in the field. This made it necessary to return the entire sign structure to the shop for repairs in liew of re-erecting it with a few parts changed. Prior to incorporating beneficial modifications into a standard specifications, full scale instrumented vehiclular crash tests were also conducted. These tests confirmed that the modified system functions well and demonstrated compliance with the latest (NCHRP 230) safety standards. (Author)


Methanol (CH3OH) is an abundant interstellar species and is known to be an important precursor of various interstellar complex organic molecules. Among the methanol isotopologues, CH2DOH is one of the most abundant isotopologues and it is often used to study the deuterium fractionation of CH3OH in interstellar medium. However, the emission lines of CH2DOH can sometimes be optically thick, making the derivation of its abundance unreliable. Therefore, observations of its presumably optically thin 13C substituted species, 13CH2DOH, are essential to overcome this issue. In this study, the rotational transitions of 13CH2DOH have been measured in the millimeter-wave region from 216 GHz to 264 GHz with an emission-type millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectrometer by using a deuterium and 13C enriched sample. The frequency accuracy of measured 13CH2DOH is less than a few kHz, and the relative line intensity error is less than 10% in most of the frequency range by taking advantage of the wide simultaneous frequency-coverage of the emission-type spectrometer. These results offer a good opportunity to detect 13CH2DOH in space, which will allow us to study the deuterium fractionation of CH3OH in various sources through accurate determination of the CH2DOH abundance.


The goal of this paper is to measure the contribution of public health investments to the economic growth of
Cameroon. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was the econometric model used in the estimations. The data
used are annual and the period is from 1988 to 2013. The results of the estimations show that public health investments
do contribute to the economic growth of Cameroon only in the long run. This implies that public health investments
boost economic growth in the long run through efficient allocation of resources. Hence, it is recommended that: first,
the government should increase its health investments to 10 or 15 percent of its GDP as recommended by the AU and
WHO respectively; second, to enhance the provision of health care services by the private sector and third, to ameliorate
the quality of health care services rendered by granting competitive awards to health units that render quality health
care services.


A plan, submitted by The American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), to increase the number of young teachers for engineering schools of the United States has been presented to Dr. J. R. Killian, Jr., Pres. Eisenhower's Special Assistant for Science and Technology.


The article considers currency of the problem of junior schoolchildren's business communication skills forming methods realization, the system of pedagogical principles. Principles of junior schoolchildren's personality development (interdisciplinarity, subjectivity, continuity), as well as the peculiarities of their realization during the junior schoolchildren's business communication skills forming are presented.


Abstract The repressible alkaline phosphatase in a wild type strain of Neurospora crassa was purified to apparent homogeneity, as ascertained from centrifugal and electrophoretic data, and was characterized by physical and chemical methods. The native protein molecule has a molecular weight of 154,000, as determined by the method of sedimentation equilibrium. This species can be dissociated in the presence of 6 m guanidine-mercaptoethanol into subunits possessing a molecular weight of 77,000. Determinations of the amino acid and sugar composition of this enzyme disclosed that it is a glycoprotein in which the carbohydrates constitute about 11.5% of the total weight. In derepressed cultures of the mold, this enzyme represents about 1% of the total protein.


We present novel integrated photodetectors based on the radiation pressure of a plasmonic mode. Light absorbed in a plasmonic or hybrid plasmonic/optical waveguide builds a voltage along the length of the waveguide via the photon-drag effect. We implement this device concept for the first time and investigate its potential for fast, broadband, and inexpensive optical detection in an integrated platform.


We are approaching the 50-year mark since Wolfgang Schneider wrote a brief chapter on Hebrew syntax (in his Grammatik des biblischen Hebräisch [1974]) based on the text-linguistic method of Harald Weinrich (Tempus [1964]). This contribution offers reflections on this often-neglected linguist, and extends a recently proposed way of looking at the syntax of Biblical Hebrew, starting from a re-examination of Weinrich's linguistic principles. A text-linguistic analysis of the wayyiqtol, xqatal, and xparticiple as evident in the indirect speech of Genesis 24 is presented. This contribution brings to the fore the relevance of Weinrich's text-grammar for the study of Biblical Hebrew and the connection between Weinrich and Lucien Tesnière (dependency grammar).


Views expressed in Working Paper Series are those of authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Bank of Japan or Research and Statistics Department. and the many staff of the Research and Statistics Department at the Bank of Japan for their helpful comments. Any remaining errors belong to the authors. The opinions expressed here are those of the authors, and should be ascribed neither to the Bank of Japan nor to the Research and Statistics Department. We can be reached at ABSTRACT This paper shows that changes in international competitiveness played a significant role in creating the deflationary pressure in Japan from 1980 to 2001. Applying Blanchard and Quah's (1989) SVAR technique to Dornbusch, Fischer, and Samuelson's (1977) classical comparative advantage model, we break down Japan's inflation rate of the consumer prices into three kinds of structural shocks: comparative advantage shocks, global productivity shocks, and cyclical demand shocks. The breakdown results tell us that the Japanese economy had been exposed to severe international competition since 1994, especially from the Asian economies. Japan's loss of international competitiveness had exerted continuous downward pressure on the consumer prices and deflationary pressure strengthened significantly at the very end of the 20 th century.


Assuming that the supplier uses three different types of strategies of partial delay in payment,an economic order quantity(EOQ) model based on partial delay in payment and varying demand rate is developed in this paper.By the calculation of the income and expense of interest and other key indices,the retailer's optimal ordering cycle which varies with the inventory level and time is determined under different strategies of partial delay in payment.Thereby the maximum average profit is obtained.Several numerical examples are given to validate the models developed in the paper,and the influence of different models and strategies of partial delay in payment on retailer's profits is analyzed.


Biological nanoplexes, such as viruses, virus-like particles (VLPs), phages, exosomes, and lipid nanoparticles are valuable tools in medicine. This is particularly the case for gene therapy to treat hereditary and acquired diseases, as well as for vaccines as prophylaxis. In fact, the latter are a growth engine for the biopharmaceutical industry, motivated by the continuous increase of infectious hazards, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccines are typically administered to healthy individuals and are, accordingly, subject to high safety requirements, which have to be considered in the manufacturing process. Biological nanoplexes are generally derived from living organisms and are more complex than traditional therapeutics in terms of their components and production technologies. This is equally true for vaccines based on encapsulated nucleic acids or recombinant proteins, which usually are structurally less complicated. Cell-based production processes for biological nanoplexes and recombinant proteins comprise three main segments: i) The upstream process (USP), in which the target components are manufactured, ii) the downstream process (DSP), where the components, produced in the USP, are purified in accordance with the regulatory requirements, and finally iii) the formulation and sterile filling of the formulated drug into appropriate primary packaging material. Scientists from different fields, including virology and bioprocess engineering, continue to improve manufacturing processes to shorten their development timelines, and to meet the global demand on vaccines. These developments cannot compromise on product quality and purity, and should ideally drive the cost-effectiveness of the process. In order to meet these challenges, scientists focus on the following bioprocess and analytical Research Topic: i) Inprocess accelerated analytics (Lothert et al., 2022), ii) process automation and data science (Vormittag et al., 2020), and high-throughput technology to speed up process development (Marchel et al., 2019; Hillebrandt et al., 2021), iii) process translation from the development scale to the production scale, iv) platform technologies in the area of USP (Felberbaum, 2015; Farzaneh et al., 2017; Chambers et al., 2018; Tan et al., 2021) and DSP (Marichal-Gallardo et al., 2017; Fortuna et al., 2018; Hillebrandt et al., 2020; Lothert et al., 2020), v) continuous manufacturing processes (Krober et al., 2013; Fischer et al., 2018; Fortuna et al., 2021), vi) single-use technologies and closed systems, vii) modeling of production processes, and (viii) OPEN ACCESS


was chosen, as it represented 50% of the statistical average of the number of years our subjects were expected to live. Our baseline cross-transversal data failed to show any association among the set of variables of function and cognition evaluated, and serum ferritin concentrations. In conclusion, high serum ferritin concentrations at baseline in community-dwelling individuals aged 85 years or older was not associated with increased risk of global mortality during a 3-year follow-up period. Furthermore, there was no correlation between serum ferritin levels, and functional and cognitive status at baseline.


The management of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and its progression has always been a difficult issue, but promising developments have been shown by the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It has thus been evidenced how these cells have significant paracrine and immunomodulatory properties: they secrete trophic factors that stimulate RPE or that are similar to those produced by RPE. In studies using animal models, MSCs have been found to be effective in stopping the progression of retinal degeneration and for rescuing photoreceptors in the dormant phase. Furthermore these cells are hypoimmunogenic and have been shown to suppress chronic inflammation, prevent apoptosis and stimulate progenitor cells in the retina promoting self-repair mechanisms. Previous studies have already evidenced how grafting autologous mesenchymal cells, in a scleral pocket above the choroid, with the limoli retinal restoration technique (LRRT) could exert a beneficial effect on the residual retinal cells in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). This surgical procedure can improve the clinical and rehabilitative prognostic parameters in RP patients even though further researches and studies will be needed to evaluate its efficacy.


Since the beginning of the basic baccalaureate programme in McGill University, the overall goal has been to prepare nurses who are capable of giving thoughtful nursing care to patients in any situation.
 The curriculum was devised to ensure sufficient science content not only to fulfill the requirements for the degree, but also to enable the student to develop a scientific approach to nursing. The emphasis is on the way the student learns to nurse rather than on the nursing skills she acquires. This, to us, is the key to baccalaureate education in nursing. It also allows us to say that our graduates have potential as nurse practitioners that will help them to develop nursing in response to the need for health services.


"Bian"originally means"painting", and both the"Picture of bian"and the"Text of bian"are concerned with"picture"and"text"."Bian"should be native to the western regions, and it is introduced to the east to China, even Japan, and to the west(or"south") to"Buddha kingdoms",such as India and the Lion Kingdom. In the process of spreading,"bian"absorbs continuously the local inherent nutrition in painting and literature, and with the evolvement of"bian", the"picture of bian"and the"text of bian"are popular in South Asia, Central Asia, and particularly in East Asia."Bian"and the"picture of bian"are estimated to come into being during the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the"text of bian"which is mature and has independent stylistic character maybe comes late, but it is still likely to be produced during the Northern Wei Dynasty. The"text"and the "picture"of "bian" cooperate with each other. In the "bian" of "singing indirectly", the"text"is the dominating one, and the"Picture"is the secondary one, while in the non-"bian"of"singing indirectly" such as the mural, almost all the "picture" is the dominating one, and the"text"is the secondary one.


In this article it is shown that the expression for the two-dimensional potential distribution inside a rectangular box in which three sides are maintained at zero potential and one side is insulated, appears in the form of an infinite series, each term of which contains product of circular and hyperbolic functions. The expression for the potential on the insulated conductor appears in the form of a series, which contains variable along its length. Method of summation of this series is worked out. The capacitance per unit length is evaluated in terms of the geometrical parameters of the structure.


Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in industrial processes for their s implicity and robustness. The main application problems are t he tuning of PID parameters to obtain good settling time, rise time and overshoot. The challenge is to improve the timing parameters to achieve optimal co ntrol performances. Remarkable findings are obtained through the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques a s Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks. The combination of these theories can give good results in terms of settling time, rise time and ov ershoot. In this study, suitable controllers able o f improving timing performance of second order plants are propo sed. The results show that the PID controller has g ood overshoot values and shows optimal robustness. The genetic-fuzzy controller gives a good value of sett ling time and a very good overshoot value. The neural-fu zzy controller gives the best timing parameters improving the control performances of the others tw o approaches. Further improvements are achieved designing a real-time optimization algorithm which works on a genetic-neuro-fuzzy controller.


For over 800 years the Krušné Hory/Erzgebirge Mountains were one of the most important European mining districts and source of Ag, Sn-W, As-Co-Ni, Pb-Zn, and U. The growth of mining activities set the conditions for the appearance of the first geological maps, printing of technical books and foundation of the first mining high school. Economic geology itself developed and established as a distinct discipline right there in the Krušné Hory/Erzgebirge Mountains. Several chemical elements, namely U, Bi, W, Rb, In, Ge, Ra, Po, were discovered in ores or minerals from that region. More recently, based on extensive research database, evolutionary models of some types of granite-related deposits were also developed in this region.


The study explored the influence of ChiShona on the Ndebele people of Maboleni community of Gweru District in the Midlands region of Zimbabwe. It examined the extent to which ChiShona has affected Maboleni village and its schools in respect of IsiNdebele as the mothertongue of the local speakers. A descriptive survey design was employed in this study. The sample consisted of four Ndebele infant teachers, four Ndebele secondary teachers, two heads of school, two parents, two youths, two peasant farmers, one headman, one kraal head, one local pastor and one Councilor. Interviews, Observations and Document Analysis were the instruments used in the collection of data. Tables and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze collected data. The study revealed that when languages are in contact, new forms result in a language, become part and parcel of it to the extent that even speakers of a certain language are not conscious that those terms were never part of their original language. While the study observed that language is dynamic, people of Lower Gweru or Maboleni in particular have mammoth challenge of preserving the original status of IsiNdebele in the community despite that it is contact with ChiShona on a daily basis. Precisely, they sincerely believe that, IsiNdebele as a language is their symbol of identity and a tool for cultural transmission; hence they feel obliged to conserve it as it is part of their culture. Although these locals acknowledge that language does transmit culture, they fail to appreciate that Ndebele culture cannot remain static as long as it is expressed through a language spoken in a multilingual society. In conclusion, the study in concurrence with already conducted researches in the world revealed that language influence or change cannot be stopped if two languages are in contact and co-exist. INTRODUCTION Reputable scholars and academics like Romaine (1995), Yule (1996), Ngara (1977) and Weinreich (1976) have researched on the influence of languages on each other while they are in contact. Pupils in most of the Zimbabwean schools have been found to be facing problems of mother-tongue interference in learning English which they come across at school. Outside school, there are also problems of some of the marginalized languages interfering with the learning of the national languages, IsiNdebele and ChiShona. Although Lower Gweru is predominantly Ndebele community, it shares its boundary with the city of Gweru which is mainly dominated by the ChiShona speaking people. As a result of this, the Ndebele speakers of Maboleni village have adopted certain linguistic concepts from ChiShona since it has become part and parcel of their day to day formal and informal communication. This interference has subsequently RESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN 2321 – 3108 BHEBE CORDIAL Email: email@example.com /bhebecordie@cooltoa d.com


Abstract Wildlife managers are tasked with identifying and managing stressors that threaten persistence of populations. We demonstrate an approach to land‐use planning that combines scenario modeling and ecological risk assessment to map and quantify risk to population persistence for three rare prairie species in Washington State, USA. Following corroboration of model output, we found that of the management scenarios considered, only a scenario with year‐round restrictions on use of off‐road vehicles, digging, and camping enforced in all potential habitat reduces risk to the species. Decreased risk is focused primarily in two patches of prairie habitat in our study area, indicating stringent restrictions need not be applied broadly. However, one area is not easily accessed by two of the three species considered, suggesting reintroductions to suitable but inaccessible habitat may play an important role in management of these species. Our analyses suggest changes in land use and management that might improve habitat for rare species, with options for minimizing monetary and social costs. Because the proposed approach relies on hypothetical management scenarios and uses a model flexible in data requirements to provide spatially explicit output, it can be used to inform adaptive management of rare species in diverse land‐planning processes and will be especially useful when management decisions must be made under time or cost constraints.


There is widespread evidence that population and other socio-economic activities at different scales are distributed according to power law and that such scaling distributions are associated with systems that have matured or grown to a steady state where their growth rates do not depend upon scale.In this paper,we use the power law to analyze the regional domain distributions in China,the distributions of regional GDP per capita and the regional population in China.It was found that the Internet in China is still at its high speed,and the regional domain distributions reflect the distributions of regional GDP per capita,not the regional population.The correlations that we found between regional domain distributions and population was low,although that between the regional domain distributions and regional GDP per capita was much higher with an about 60 percent,confirming our general intuition that the economic development of region is all the more important in explaining the Internet development.We anticipate that in time,as the Chinese information society matures,the regional domain will come to reflect the population size of regions much more than it does at present.Moreover,as the overall rank-size patterns of the regional domain distributions and regional GDP per person are quite similar,it is perhaps reasonable to conclude that the distribution of domains broadly reflects existing economic activity patterns,albeit differences in the distribution pattern of population.The power law relations that we have examined all display the tendency for the number of small events——regional domain distributions,regional populations,and regional GDP per capita——to be less than what power law predicts,this can easily be explained by the smaller domains having not yet reached maturity.Finally,the paper gives the developing speed value and the years to reach the mature and steady states of the Internet in China.


Objective:To introduce and investigate the psychometric attributes of the Chinese version of the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale(MSBS).Methods: 1668 university students were asked to complete the Chinese version of MSBS.218 of the 1668 students were additionally asked to complete the Colleges Students' Boredom Proneness Scale,The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),State Loneliness Scales(SLS) and State Anxiety Inventory(SAI).172 of the 1668 students were chosen to complete the Chinese Version of MSBS after 1 month.Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded five reliable subscales measuring state levels of boredom-related time perception,disengagement,high arousal,low arousal and inattention,with Cronbach's α of these subscales ranged from 0.67 to 0.81;the test-retest reliabilities of them ranged from 0.50 to 0.56;the split-half reliability ranged from 0.50 to 0.72.They were very good of the criterion-related validity.There were significant differences in the state boredom between gender.Conclusion: The Chinese version of MSBS can be used as an effective instrument to assess the boredom status of Chinese college students.


The problem of evaluating heat invariants can be computerized. Geometric symbol calculus of pseudodifferential operators is the main tool of such computerization.


The invention discloses a water-based cutting cooling antirust liquid and a preparation method thereof. The water-based cutting cooling antirust liquid is prepared from 9-12 parts by weight of methyl isobutyl ketone, 4-6 parts by weight of 1-methyl-1-propanol, 3-4 parts by weight of oleic acid, 1-2 parts by weight of triethanolamine, 3-4 parts by weight of machine oil, 10-12 parts by weight of kerosene, 2-3 parts by weight of an emulsifier OP, 1-2 parts by weight of urotropine, 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, 0.9-1.4 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 4-5 parts by weight of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, 1-2 parts by weight of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, 4-5 parts by weight of an assistant and 300 parts by weight of water. Through synergism of the organic polymer monomer, the plasticizer and the chelating agent, a film is formed on the metal surface so that antirust substances are uniformly coated on the metal surface, has effects of isolating air and preventing oxidation and can be removed easily. The water-based cutting cooling antirust liquid has good antirust performances, is convenient for production and use and has a low production cost.


Abstract Base-assisted electrophilic cleavage of sulfenate esters was studied with reference to possible biological models. It is suggested that sulfenate esters (RSOR') may serve as intermediates in oxidations involving alcohol dehydrogenases. Models for the biological oxidation of alcohols via sulfenate ester intermediates are presented. The lipoic acid catalyzed dehydrogenation step in the actions of α-ketoacid oxidases (e.g., pyruvic acid dehydrogenase and α-keto glutarate dehydrogenase) is also explained in terms of a possible sulfenate ester intermediate. In the interaction of alcohols and amines, with membrane proteins, the possibility of reversible formation of sulfenate esters and of sulfenamide formation is suggested. Experimental support is given for the formation of carbonyl compounds, from alcohols via sulfenate esters and subsequent electrophilic attack by N-iodosuccinimide on the esters. Such reactions of sulfenyl esters open virtually unexplored areas of chemistry and of the related biolog...


Reaching is a typical functional arm, movement and requires multi-joint coordination in completing daily living activities. The purposes of this study were to assess the differences in kinematics between normal and abnormal reaching during performing functional task and to use a parsimonious kinematic model to quantifying reaching control in patients post stroke. This study recruited 34 subjects, including normal adults (N=17) and patients post stroke (N=17), and analyzed the subject's arm reaching performance with kinematic analysis. The study showed that there existed significant group differences in movement time (F=12.9, P<0.00l), peak velocity (F=12.57, P<0.001), normalized jerk score of movement (F=7.97, P<0.001). and number of movement units (F=13.77, P<0.001). Our parsimonious model of kinematic measure in reaching includes two variables, peak velocity and number of movement units. This sturdy may help therapists to identify and monitor the progression of control of reaching performance and may provide concise information to quantify the level of abnormal reaching performance in patients post stroke.


Annotation. A combined (retrospective + prospective) study was conducted, involving 150 patients from gynecological departments of three different hospitals in the city who were hospitalized due to the need for surgical treatment of uterine fibroids and/or ovarian cysts. The purpose of this part of the study was to conduct a descriptive analysis of the data collected during the study and to determine the correlations between the factors that affect the length of stay of patients in gynecological departments. Statistical, epidemiological, and sociological methods of analysis were used in the study. The data obtained during the study made it possible to determine the factors affecting the length of stay in the hospital of patients with uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, which included: the patient's diagnosis (r = 0.13166842); the presence of complications of the main diagnosis (r = 0.240506326); the presence of complications due to the surgical intervention (r = 0.266602573); the presence of concomitant pathology in female patients (r = 0.021249784); type of surgical intervention (r = 0.266390698); volume of surgical intervention (r = 0.1424499). The given results can be useful for more optimal use of the bed fund of inpatient gynecological departments.


Songs and singing games are a healthy part of young children's social, emotional and cognitive development. Such shared music making can facilitate and strengthen relationships between parents and children. Family health workers can encourage carers' informal uses of music with their children. In cases of developmental delay, disability, severe illness or family stress, music can continue to have a significant role in supporting children and parents. In some cases referral to specialist music therapy services may be appropriate for assessment and/or treatment.


In natural gas transmission and distribution, many metering stations utilize gas chromatography to ensure the gas complies with the pipeline�s gas quality tariff provisions and to determine the chemical energy content of the gas for billing purposes. It is also used as a check on the operation of gas ultrasonic flowmeters through a calculation of the speed of sound in the gas. Because of limitations on existing gas chromatographs (GC�s), including high installed cost, analysis time, carrier gas consumption and others, there is a desire to consider alternate technologies for natural gas analysis. PRCI has sponsored a study of technologies that utilize the variation in absorption/scattering of optical wavelengths by different molecules. The purpose of this study is to extend that study to the use of additional technologies, such as MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems). This is not a new approach, but recent advancements offer a greater possibility of achievement of the desired goals than in the past. This study reviewed and evaluated work in process with MEMS technology to provide a smaller, less ex-pensive, lower-power and faster GC that can be utilized in a Class 1 Division 2 area. Developments at both commercial firms and in university MEMS research programs have been included. Since there have been several programs to evaluate �energy meters� that attempt to measure gas quality by calculating the BTU content of a gas sample, this study focused on micro-GC�s that can make a much more precise measurement of gas quality.


The purpose of this paper is to report on the current state of the art of Peking Opera performance in selected geographical centers in China and the United States. At present, there is a large number of both professional and amateur Peking Opera troupes in the United States and in Asian countr~es with large Chinese p~pulations including Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Viet Nam.1 The largest professional troupes are the Military Peking Opera of Taipei, Taiwan, and the Peking Opera of Peking. A third' troupe which is rapidly growing is the Shanghai Peking Opera. The largest troupes in the United States, all amateur clubs, are centered in New York and Los Angeles.


ABSTRACT This study determined the proximate composition, phytochemical and antioxidant activity of the edible red seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, under different drying conditions, namely, oven dried, sun dried, vacuum dried, and freeze dried. The proximate composition of K. alvarezii has shown no significant difference (p > 0.05) in macronutrient components except fat content. Phytochemical studies conducted on total phenolic content and total flavonoid content showed that vacuum-dried extracts demonstrated the highest total phenolic content at 12.97 mg PGE g−1 DE. In vitro antioxidant activities of seaweed extract by ferric-reducing antioxidant potential and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity proved that oven-dried extracts showed the highest ferric-reducing antioxidant power value, 272.95 µM TE mg−1, and highest scavenging activity, EC50 9.55 mg mL−1. In general, sun-dried extracts showed lowest antioxidant among all treatments.


Rapid thermal processors (RTP) have been used in the semiconductor industry mainly for silicidation and implant anneal with limited success. SEMATECH is in the process of establishing a joint development project with supplier community to improve the situation. To understand the capability of the tools, a benchmark experiment was conducted using oxidation at 1100 degree(s)C (target 90 angstroms), and Boron implant (5 E 15 20 KeV) anneal at 900 degree(s)C for 20 sec. Oxide thickness and sheet resistance were measured as an indirect capability of temperature measurement and control of the tools. The experiments in RTP were performed with `pyrometer closed-loop control' and `open-loop power control' where applicable. Both process data and temperature measurement data are analyzed and presented. The analysis of oxide thickness and sheet resistance (implant anneal) data shows that the closed-loop pyrometer control of temperature is not a viable technique to use in the manufacturing. The power control technique with the pyrometer in the open-loop (read only) demonstrates better process control and can be used until more viable technique is found. The reproducibility of open-loop power control technique for longer periods needs to be evaluated. This study demonstrates the urgent need to develop a real-time temperature measurement and control technique for the RTP tools to be accepted in the manufacturing world.


77Background: Beginning in 2015, the National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers (NAPBC) requires accredited facilities to provide Survivorship Care Plans (SCP) to breast cancer patients treated with curative intent. Here we describe lessons learned with the use of telemedicine in the delivery of SCPs at Kaiser Permanente East Bay. Methods: SCP implementation followed a two-step process: patients who are diagnosed and complete treatment in 2016 are given a SCP at their last surgical or medical oncology appointment (YTD, n=8); 2) patients diagnosed in 2015 who completed treatment in 2015-2016 were contacted by a physician assistant and offered an appointment by telephone or in-person to deliver the care plan (n=152). Both clinic and telemedicine appointments consist of a detailed review of treatment received, post-treatment follow-up care, discussion of health education resources, and provision of referrals as appropriate. Patients also have the opportunity to ask questions about treatment and follow...


This paper describes a novel algorithm that builds an evolutionary tree with n leaves in O(n log l) time from a distance matrix computed from sample sequences of length l. Our algorithm combines the computational and statistical efficiency of a distance-based algorithm, Fast Harmonic Greedy Triplets, with the biological insights of the minimum evolution principle, which originates from maximum likelihood and character-based methods. Our algorithm is particularly well-suited for accurate topology estimation of large evolutionary trees with high mutation probabilities. In simulated experiments with a 1895-leaf tree it achieves high success rates by misplacing less than 1% of the edges at realistic sample lengths of 2000.


Electrical Discharge Machining plays an important role in the sector of molds, dies and cutters, and in the industry overall, being a complement to conventional technologies in the manufacture of precision metallic components. The current research seeks to identify the operating parameters that control the surface finish and establish which should be the combination of parameters that allows to minimize the roughness of the machined surfaces. This experimental research is based on the machining of AA1050 A with electrolytic copper tool-electrode in finishing operations. The main operative parameters in question were the current and pulse on time. The results show that the superficial roughness declined with the discharge energy, associated with the current simultaneous reduction and the discharge time. In addition, the electrode roughness also shows influence on the machined surface roughness in the workpiece.


Morticians work in the mortuary and their primary function in the morgue is to embalm the dead human bodies. The history of embalming dates back to 4000 BC, having started as a simple treatment of the body with herbs (before 4000 BC) and later improving into a complex procedure using chemical solutions in the late 1600's. In the 19 century, techniques were developed for infusion of embalming fluid into the vascular system; formaldehyde being used as an embalming agent since its tissue-hardening properties were discovered in 1893. Three main aims achieved through embalming are disinfection, preservation, and restoration of the human remains, all of which are done at the mortuary.


Molecular motion has been studied in a highly branched polyethylene, DYNK, and in a linear polyethylene, Marlex 50. The studies centered around the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, with additional information from measurements of x-ray diffraction, dielectric relaxation, and the diffusion of small molecules into the polymers. The nuclear resonance studies extended over a temperature range of 80 to 410°K., and studies by the other techniques included some measurements at low and high temperatures. It is shown that crystallinity in the linear polyethylene persists to within only a few degrees of the "melting point" of the gross polymer, and that chain rotation within the crystallites is comparatively restricted until shortly below the temperature of fusion. On the other hand, chain rotation within the crystallites of the branched polyethylene is much freer, presumably due to the presence of lattice defects, such as might be caused by the incorporation of branch points into the crystallites. Crystallinity in the branched polyethylene disappears at much lower temperatures than in the linear polymer. There is considerable motion of chain segments within the amorphous regions of both kinds of polyethylene, although at a given temperature the linear polymer exhibits more constraint than does the branched polymer. It is evident that the amorphous portions of both polymers possess the attributes of a viscous liquid, even at temperatures well below the melting point of the gross material. Activation energies and frequency factors for the motions of chain segments in the amorphous portions have been computed and are compared with the data from earlier measurements of dielectric and mechanical relaxation.


This paper is I2C-bus IP core design which realizes in the Altera Quartus II software development platform.Already realized the IP core of basic function, the main device can read and write data from the slave device through this IP core.In order to reuse easily ,this IP core uses the Avalon bus interface and completes the function simulation in Modelsim.


The rate at which the field of internal medicine is advancing certainly necessitates a text that is both complete and up to date. While there are many such texts on the market, The Textbook of Internal Medicine seems to be a refreshing new addition to the ones available. Its depth of coverage and novel style will most certainly allow it to find a niche in an environment heavily populated by internal medicine texts. Hundreds of physicians and scientist-authors, each an expert in the field, have contributed to this 529-chapter comprehensive volume. Since the book is divided by subspecialty, it has a systems-oriented approach, rather than the disease-oriented approach used by other texts. All subspecialties in internal medicine are covered, Each specialty is divided into three subsections. The first reviews the pathophysiol-ogy and the scientific basis of the subspecialty. In the second, the various diseases are described in detail. The third subsection covers approaches to the diagnosis and management of the patient. Assessment of the technical areas related to the subspecialty as well as recent advances are also included. The new text is comparable to Harrison's Textbook ofIntemal Medicine in depth of coverage and in detail. The articles possess good reference lists but, as in all texts, the most recent citations are a few years old. Some topics that receive extra emphasis in Kelley's are geriatrics, oncology, and hematology. The Textbook ofIntemal Medicine is well organized and highly readable, making it useful to practicing physicians and medical students alike. The book is available as a rather large single text or as a two-volume set. Since Kelley's as well as Harrison's texts are written by recognized experts, they are probably equivalent. The new volume should serve as an excellent reference. On the shelves of every pediatric orthopaedist rest two large, impressive texts: one by Lovell and Winter, the other by Tachdjian. Both texts are considered reference standards, classics, definitive. Tachdjian's book is so much revered and respected that a full 18 years elapsed without a revision or amendment. Eighteen years in any field of medicine is tantamount to eternity. Enter S. Terry Canale and James H. Beaty, two outstanding pediatric orthopaedists from the University of Tennessee, who collected 14 accomplished surgeons, contributors, to replenish an 18-year-long need: Operative Pediatric Orthopaedics. Ironically, perhaps for the best, Tachdjian has issued a second edition at, for all purposes, exactly the same time. The book by …


-1 soil). Various indirect methods have been recommended for estimating soil C which can be readily implemented in a limited resource environment but they require more evaluation in terms of accuracy. This study compares soil carbon results obtained by direct elemental analysis using dry combustion to estimates obtained by indirect methods such as dichromate oxidation, mass loss-on-ignition (LOI), and diffused reflectance infrared spectroscopy that has advantages in being simple, inexpensive, and/or rapid. The results showed that both dichromate oxidation and loss-on-ignition had substantial limitations when used to analyze the low carbon soils within the region. Diffused reflectance spectroscopy using either the near- or mid- infrared spectral regions performed well for predicting soil organic carbon as well as sand, silt and clay content. These results indicate that once calibrated, infrared spectroscopy holds great promise for quantifying soil properties in the Sahel region and that regional laboratories could adopt the technology if instrumentation were made available.


Despite the prevalent use of recruitment websites, little is known about the impact of recruitment websites on job seekers' attraction. This study evaluated four large hotels' recruitment websites in terms of website design characteristics and aesthetics, and measured job seekers' attitude toward the hotel recruitment websites and attraction. The four hotels included were Hilton, Hyatt, IHG, and Starwood. The results indicated that Hilton's recruitment website received the lowest score for website design characteristics and aesthetics, the least positive attitude, and the most negative attitude toward the recruitment website. Consequently, job seekers indicated that they were the least interested in applying for a job at Hilton.


Phosphate is one of the major essential macronutrients for plant growth and development. However, most phosphates in soil exist as insoluble compounds and phosphate deficiency in soil is a worldwide problem [1]. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can liberate soluble phosphate from insoluble phosphate and promote plant growth [2]. Subsequently, application of PSB is regarded as an alternative and sustainable method to solve the worldwide soil phosphate deficiency [3]. Nevertheless, the physiological activities of PSB are affected by exogenous soluble phosphate. Previous studies have reported that the growth rate of microorganisms is related to the level of soluble phosphate [4]. The growth rate of PSB strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa under phosphate sufficiency was 25-fold greater than that under phosphate deficiency [5]. The distribution and diversity of PSB in soil can also be influenced by phosphate availability [6]. To date, there is still lack of study on the mechanism of the soluble phosphate affecting the growth of PSB. As a core phenotype, the phosphate-solubilizing activity of PSB was induced by low levels of exogenous soluble Received: November 21, 2016 Revised: January 20, 2017 Accepted: January 25, 2017


In this work we study a discontinuous boundary-value problem with retarded argument which contains a spectral parameter in the trans- mission conditions. We flrstly prove the existence theorem and then obtain asymptotic representation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.


Comfort and aesthetic appearance are the basic features that consumers expect from their clothes. For improving body movement comfort in apparel, elastic core-spun yarns can be used to produce elasticity of the woven and knitted fabrics. In this study, the effects of elastane linear density on the mechanical properties of double core and single core yarns, spun with different core materials, were investigated. According to statistical evaluations, significant differences were found between yarn properties.


Bismuth silicate micro-crystals with grain line structure were prepared by
 sintering method under atmosphere pressure. The samples were characterized
 for structural and surface morphological properties by X-ray diffraction
 (XRD) and Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The result shows
 that Bi4Si3O12 grains are always distributed in pairs on both sides of a
 complete grain line. There is highly positive correlation between grain
 deviation angles on both sides of a stable complete line. Although the grains
 distribute in pairs, there is zero correlation between grain angles on both
 sides of an unstable complete line. By the reduction of grain angle on one
 side, grain sizes on the side gradually decrease. After adjustment, grain
 angles have highly positive correlation and the line turns stable. If there
 is disordered structure on one side of a line and ordered structure on the
 other side, the disordered structure may turn to highly ordered structure.
 The partial ordering transformation on the disordered side has no effect on
 the structure on the other side. While the growth directions of the grains on
 one side of a line face to a disordered grain distribution zone, the line
 loses the characteristic of grain growth in pairs.


INTRODUCTION
Asthma and obesity are related diseases however the influence of obesity on asthma severity is not clear yet. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the association between obesity and asthma control evaluated on the basis of symptoms and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We enrolled 98 children with asthma aged 4 to 14 years consecutively and recorded their disease characteristics and severity parameters as well as the symptom scores. All children filled in the ACQ. Children were classified as obese and non-obese according to body mass index. Obesity was defined as body mass index over 90th percentile.

RESULTS
Mean age of the children in the obese group (n= 27) was 8.1 ± 2.6 while that in the non-obese group (n= 71) was 8.6 ± 2.9 (p= 0.41). Asthma symptom score in obese and non-obese groups were not significantly different (p= 0.73). Children in the obese group had lower ACQ scores when compared to the non-obese group (1.2 ± 0.9 vs 1.7 ± 1.0, p= 0.04) however this significance was lost when controlled for age and gender in the regression model.

CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that obesity is not significantly associated with worse asthma control when adjusted for age and gender.


Because the water quality in the central air conditioning cooling water circulation system exists a lot of sediment, widely breeding of microorganism and equipment corrosion problems, Serious damage to people's health and affect the service life of the air conditioning itself. In this paper, the use of high voltage pulsed discharge in water to produce a high-density non-thermal plasma bonding of the catalyst method to solve the problem, the paper introduces the technology of non-thermal plasma and catalyst separate disinfection sterilization mechanism and the mechanism of synergy respectively, the reactor configuration, and points out the research direction in the future.


The fundamental operating principles of electron beam testing of integrated circuits are reviewed. Data obtained using a recently developed secondary electron analyser located within the final probe‐forming lens in a scanning electron microscope are presented. Performance improvements in spatial resolution, energy resolution, and measurement accuracy are described.


Article History: Received 24.01.2017 Received in revised form 08.06.2017 Accepted 10.06.2017 Available online 25.07.2017 In the scope of this research, applications used for distance education units in four universities of the Kyrgyz Republic were evaluated. The study uses a descriptive method which is carried out by interview of specialists involved in the development and implementation of the distance education in the country. Additionally, technical overview of the learning management systems used by distance education units was carried out and the content analysis was conducted. The study showed that there is a different perception of the distance education in the Kyrgyz Republic which is still perceived as a correspondence education, called "заочная форма обучения"(zaochnaya forma obucheniya). The results of 5 interviews showed that there is no sufficient support and understanding of the distance education by the university managements as well. Therefore, it is suggested to make clear differentiation of the correspondence and distance education methods in the Kyrgyz Republic and to the university managements to give importance to distance education at the university level. © 2017 IOJES. All rights reserved


March 1, 1968 Trade Union — Rules — Construction — Printing trade — Offer of vacancies to returning out‐of‐trade member — Much of work traditionally casual — Union's policy to offer regular vacancies to returning members — Whether obligation to offer casual vacancies — Whether returning member "out of employment" — Dispute over offer of vacancies — Whether breach of contractual agreement concerning "conditions on which… members… shall… be employed" — Trade Union Act, 1871, s.4(1).


The physiological-biochemical indexes(photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll,soluble sugar,protein,MDA content and SOD activity of the flag leaf) related to heat tolerance of 5 hybrid rice varieties were determined at the filling stage under high temperature stress.The results show that protein and MDA content significantly influences the heat tolerance and the identification results of their heat tolerance by using the established optimum regression equation accords with their performance in fields.Therefore,the protein and MDA content can be used as the identification indexes of heat tolerance at the filling stage of hybrid rice varieties.


Objective:To explore the way of health care for the elderly tourist by dedicated rains.Methods:During the trip,we recorded the varieties disaseas and accidents in the people.Results:In 12 days during the tour,there were all kinds of disease and the accident 181 cases,the common diseases in the people were occurred in digestive apparatus,respiratory system,oral cavity,cardiovascular system,and there were 31 cases(17.1%),30 cases(16.6%),24 cases(13.3%),20 cases(11.0%),respectively.With the exception of one case of hypertensive encephalopathy and one case of chronic uremic were transferred to other hospitals,the other patients among the passengers were cured or improved by symptomatic treatment.Conclusion:By employing professional health care workers and supplying plenty of common drugs in the elderly tourist by dedicated rains,which can efficiently preventing and reducing the diseases in the people,treated the acute patients without delay and ensured their health in the trip.


In order to apply laser forming (LF) process to complex structures such as compressor airfoils that are 3D geometries with large thickness variation, the analysis and process synthesis of LF varying thickness plate are conducted in this paper. In this paper, the bending mechanism and parametric effect on the deformation characteristics of varying thickness plate are investigated. An analytical model was proposed to predict the bending deformation. A strategy of LF process synthesis of varying thickness plate is also presented. The heating paths are determined by weighted aver-aging the in-plane strain and bending strain. A thickness-dependent database is established to determine the heating conditions. The analysis and the synthesis are validated by numerical simulation and experiments.


The present invention provides a PWM pulse circuit current, and application circuit film coating method for coating circuit, the circuit comprising: power supply respectively DC PWM pulse circuit of the positive and negative capacitor voltage dividing circuit and a switch circuit connected, minutes voltage circuit includes a capacitor connected in series circuit of a first capacitor and a second voltage dividing capacitor dividing circuit, the switch circuit comprises a series circuit with a first switch and a second switch circuit; the circuit further comprises a circuit terminal of the inductor, the inductance circuit the first circuit and the second voltage dividing capacitor dividing capacitor circuits are connected to the other end of the inductance circuit and the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are connected; a first switch circuit and the second switch circuit, and control circuit are an output terminal connected to the switch for each time point at zero voltage soft-switching state. The present invention is a high frequency switching characteristics of the full switching circuit, the output pulse frequency significantly increased, thereby improving the film quality of the coated workpieces.


'An old Victorian oil lamp. The shape of the lamp. Two girls - at each side going to kiss each other. Big breasts, very slim, high heads, only one leg. Red lipstick.' These are the responses to the above Rorschach ink blot (Card 3) by a woman 'who was deeply involved in a homosexual relationship' while at her stay in a psychiatric hospital in London (Barker, 1970). The use of the Rorschach in pathologising and affirmative research towards lesbians and gay men has had an interesting history. In this short paper I outline the work of two individual women – Evelyn Hooker and June Hopkins- and compare their approaches to lesbian and gay affirmative research using the Rorschach. By paying close attention to the historical contexts of such research, I allow for new interpretations of the meaning of difference to emerge and suggest the projective test moment to be particularly rich for feminist scholars.


Blogosphere is the name associated to universe of all the blog sites. A blog is a website that allows people to write about topics they want to share with others. The ease & simplicity of creating blog posts and their free form and unedited nature have made blogging a happening thing. The blogosphere today contains a large number of posts on virtually every topic of interest. This rich and unique source of data has attracted people and companies across disciplines to exploit it for varied purposes. However, it not only provides a rich data source for commercial exploitation but also for psychological & socio-political analysis purposes. This paper tries to identify the methodology and technical framework required for an analytical experiment of this kind, and demonstrates the plausibility of this idea through our clustering & opinion mining experiment on analysis of blog posts about a recent socio-political issue.


Objectives: to measure and identify factors associated with school violence in Brazil, as reported in the literature. Methods: articles containing quantitative data on school violence in Brazil were selected from the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases, up to May 2013. The selection of articles and extraction of data were carried out independently by two researchers and inconsistencies resolved by consensus. Results: twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of these studies were carried out among basic education students in public schools in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil in the 2000s. School violence was defined differently and different types studied in the articles examined. Psychological and physical violence were the most common forms addressed. Bullying was commonly cited as a specific kind of school violence. Being male and having been subjected to abuse in the family were the factors most frequently associated with school violence. Conclusions: the present review noted the paucity of quantitative studies of violence in Brazilian schools, especially among teachers. There is a need to establish criteria for the study of this phenomenon, in order to compare its geographical and temporal distribution.


The work introduces a real-mode analyzing system for patient. The system is made up of two different subsystems such as patient physical states data collection and communication system based on Zigbee embedded technology, and hospital monitoring and control centre. The patient physical states data acquisition and communication system monitors the main physical parameters and movement status continuously. The information from data acquisition system is forwarded to clinical monitoring system by Zigbee Wi-Fi module. The monitoring system collects required information from each patient and save it to central database, and then analyze the states of patient by fuzzy analysis. The data from patient can be shown in graphical or numerical mode,and then the surgeon can treat the patient as per the recorded stream of data. Keyword – Zigbee, Wireless Health Monitoring, Microcontroller.


This research is motivated by learning for develop of language ability on preschoolers. Based on preliminary survey conducted at kindergarten Aisyiah Bustanul Athfal (ABA) II Made Lamongan still get the delay of child language development which can affect the learning process. One of the interventions to develop children's speaking skills need to be done in the right way,   one of them by using picture story method. Research design using pra-experimental design with one-group Pre-Post Test Design. Population of 47 using simple random sampling . Independen variabel of storytelling method, dependent  variable  of  child  language development.  Technique of  collecting data using Denver Development Screning Test II(DDST) sheets. Data was tabulated and analyzed using wilcoxon test with significant level α<0.05. The result showed that the language development of preschoolers 4-6 years at kindergarten ABA II Made before intervention 29 children (69%), after done picture meth result 40 childre (95,2 %). Result wilcoxcon test, with a value of p = 0.001 where p <0.05, then rejected or capted, it means there is influence of storytelling method on language develop in kindergarten ABA II Made sub district Lamongan distric Lamongan. The need for the development of teaching activities in kindergarten by adding a storytelling method  to  stimulate  the  language  development  of  children  so  as  to  provide  a  new  learning experience for children.


14.00 800x600 Natural d isasters such as large-scale earthquakes can often reduce the number of tourists to a region, even in areas that suffered less damage. The belief is that this reduction in tourism is the result of psychological reasons such as people's uncertainty about levels of service, and so, they prefer to avoid traveling to these regions. However, the reduction in tourism after an earthquake and the characteristics of this reduction have not been quantified or fully investigated. As a result, the extent of the reduction in tourism, how long an earthquake continues to affect tourism, and what areas are affected has yet to be clearly demonstrated. To better understand these losses , this study developed a framework by which we can estimate the periods of loss and the number of people who cancel their travel plans to affected areas. This framework is based on a time series analysis and is applied to five recent earthquake disasters. The results demonstrate that the disaster impacts both the disaster area and surrounding areas but that, in all cases, the numbers of tourists retu rn to the original trends within at most a year. Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */
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Optical in vivo imaging is a new technology,we sum up the principle,imaging process and application in the research of breast cancer in recent years.


We describe two patients with lesions clinically resembling pseudoxanthoma elasticum and histologically exhibiting focal elastosis. with normal‐appearing elastic fibres in the mid‐ and deep dermis. We consider that these skin lesions represent a previously undescribed entity, whose pathogenesis appears to be related to the ageing process.


Objective:To explore a suitable model of disaster medical rescue support,which could be a reference to the policy-making of the military departments concerned.Methods:By setting up corresponding evaluation index system,consulting experts and using analytic hierarchy process,the three proposed military disaster medical rescue security models were evaluated.Results:The result of evaluation showed that the Support Model of Integrating Mili- tary and Non-military Resources was the most effective one with the best outcome in the three models.Conclu- sions:The Combined Security Model Closely Collaborating Military Resources could be considered as the military disaster medical rescue security model fit for the current military situation,whereas the Security Model Integrating Military and Non-military Resources could be regarded as a strategical goal that should be realized in the near fu- ture or on a medium term.


Objective To investigate the relationship between morphologic macular changes and visual outcome in eyes with persistent submacular fluid (SMF) after surgery for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and the relevant factors of persistent submacular fluid.Methods Sixty-three consecutive patients (63 eyes) who underwent successful surgery for macula-off RRD were enrolled in this retrospective study.The patients were divided into three groups according to duration of SMF:no SMF group,short-term group (duration of SMF less than three months) and long-term group (duration of SMF more than three months).The follow-up ranged from six to 12 months.The morphologic macular changes,height of SMF and thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) one month after surgery were assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).The relationship between morphologic macular changes and logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity and the relevant factors of persistent SMF were evaluated.Results Forty five of 63 eyes (71.42%) presented morphologic changes after surgery.SMF was detected in 32 eyes (50.79%),which included 21 patients that had long-term course of SMF.Irregular thickness of the photoreceptor outer segments (OS) was observed in 23 eyes;disrupted inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction was noted in 21 eyes,and disrupted external limiting membrane (ELM) was noted in 14 eyes.Irregular thickness of OS in long term group was significantly higher than that in short-term group (x2 =5.788,P=0.035).The proportion of IS/OS disruption and ELM discontinuation in long-term group was also higher than those in short-term group,but there was no statistically significant difference (x2 =0.744,0.375; P=0.472,0.403).The postoperative visual acuity correlated positively with preoperative visual acuity and the time of retinal detachment (r=0.611,-0.374; P=0.007,0.037).There was a significant difference of postoperative logMAR visual acuity (U=28.640,P=0.049) among no SMF group (0.27±0.26),short-term group (0.42±0.31) and long-term group (0.53 ± 0.41).The postoperative visual acuity was insignificantly associated with irregular OS and IS/OS disruption (r=0.331,0.320; P=0.073,0.102).The irregular OS correlated positively with IS/OS disruption (r=0.388,P=0.027).The postoperative visual acuity in eyes with disrupted both IS/OS and ELM significantly decreased (U=29.920,P=0.036).The surgery manner (r=0.477,P<0.001),time of preoperative retinal detachment (r=0.354,P=0.047) and SMF height one month after surgery (r=0.375,P =0.039) were factors influencing persistent SMF.Conclusions The incidence of postoperative photoreceptor lesion was increased with time of persistent SMF.Disruption of both IS/OS and ELM aftcr surgery means a poorer vision outcome.Duration of preoperative macular detachment,type of surgery and SMF heights one month after surgery were important factors for persistent SMF.

Key words:
Retinal detachment/surgery;  Treatment outcome;  Tomography, optical coherence; Macula lutea


This paper gives a problem analysis for sustainable urbanization from the perspective of urban environmental governance.The authors identify that the deficiencies existing in urban environmental governance,including insufficiency of environmental problem identification,confusion of duties among different levels and different sectors,lack of scientific prove and coordination in urban policy making,and low efficiency in urban policy implementation and supervision,are root constraints of sustainable urbanization.Then,the suggestions of clarifying the responsibilities,improving urban environmental policy making mechanism,and strengthening supervision capacity have been raised to promote sustainable urbanization.


This paper studies the synthesis of between-leg coupling schemes for passively-adaptive non-redundant legged robots. Highly actuated legged robots can arbitrarily locate their feet relative to their bodies through active control, but often wind up kinematically over-constrained following ground contact, requiring complex redundant control for stable locomotion. The use of passive sprung joints can provide some minimal passive adaptability to terrain, but it is limited to relatively low terrain variability due to practical travel limits. In this paper, using a 4-RR platform as case study, we show that implementing parallel adaptive couplings between legs of a stance platform can yield substantial passive adaptability to rough terrain while still ensuring that the body is fully constrained in stance. This study uses screw theory-based mobility analysis methods to determine the number of constraints required to control the stance platform. Several coupling schemes are then considered and evaluated through a simulation of their stance capabilities over arbitrary terrain. An experimental validation of these simulation results is presented; it demonstrates the viability of the proposed scheme for passive adaptability.


Stress fibers (SFs) play essential roles in various cellular functions such as cell movement, shape maintenance and cell division [1]. One of their key features is that they dynamically change their structures in response to mechanical environment to which they are exposed [2]. For example, cultured endothelial cells exposed to cyclic stretch preferentially reorganize their actin stress fibers to the direction in which the strain magnitude of the fibers become minimum [3].Copyright © 2008 by ASME


As a joint project between California Institute of Technology,
The University of Southern California, The United States Geological
Survey, and The Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, a
very broadband seismograph system was installed in November
1987 at the Kresge Laboratory of California Institute of Technology
(Figure 1). The system consists of a 3-component Wielandt-Streckeisen seismometer, Kinemetrics FBA-3 accelerometer and a
Quanterra 24-bit data logger with telephone dial-up capability. The
system is essentially similar to the one developed by Steim (1985)
and installed at the Harvard Observatory, Massachusetts. One
significant difference is a 3-component strong-motion data channel
which is added to obtain on-scale recordings of large regional
earthquakes. The overall dynamic range is about 200 db. The
response of the system is approximately flat in velocity over a period
range from 0.2 to 370 sec. The sampling interval is 20 samples per
second.


Organic-rich shales have been contributing significantly to gas production in the US, led by new developments in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques. Shales have been known to be the source of wellbore instability problems in drilling processes. In the past practice, shales were treated as isotropic for mud window calculation and trajectory design. However, organic-rich shales are anisotropic due to their laminated structure and chemical properties. Thus, it is vital to theoretically and experimentally investigate the anisotropic strength of shale.
 This study aims to evaluate the anisotropic mechanical properties of shale by tri-axial tests and predict anisotropic shale properties by well-logging data interpretation. Shale mechanical properties (Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio) of different bedding plane orientations (0/ 45 / 90 degrees) were studied. Both compressive strength and tensile strength were investigated in different directions. A simple Plane of Weakness and Modified Cam Clay failure criteria were applied to describe the shear failure mechanism.
 Well logging data were used to connect experimental data and actual field data. Compressional wave velocity was predicted with different inclination angles by stiffness parameters. The predicted compressional wave velocity for a 45-degree inclination angle perfectly fits the field logging data. Experimental data indicated the mud window for a particular shale formation.
 This study provides an understanding of shale anisotropic strength of different bedding orientations and instructions on safety mud window calculation for directional drilling through shale formations.


A selected set of far ultraviolet images of the Earth have been analyzed quantitatively to establish their validity for studying thermospheric "weather." The set of images chosen for study was restricted to mostly geomagnetically quiet conditions in order to obtain a baseline understanding of the relationship between the observations and thermospheric phenomenology. The images included low to moderate solar activity levels. A new model was developed to generate global dayglow images using first principles methods. The mass spectrometer/incoherent scatter (MSIS-86) model was used to predict the thermospheric concentrations. The analyses of thermospheric images observed in the 123 to 160-nm nominal passband show that the spectral composition for observations on the projected Earth disk is dominated by O I 130.4-nm radiation (85-90%), with contributions from O I 135.6-nm and N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) bands of about 5-8% each. The synthetic images reproduce the global features of the observed images rather well. Differences between the model and the data are attributed to real atmospheric effects, such as atomic oxygen depletions which are not well reproduced by the MSIS model when geomagnetic activity is elevated. The absolute values recorded were 38-54% higher than predicted. We attribute this discrepancy to low values of the solar extreme ultraviolet irradiances used in the model. Images obtained in the 136 to 165-nm nominal passband are a factor of 2.7 greater than the model. The excess signal observed is most likely due to a long wavelength tail in the instrument sensitivity which allowed Rayleigh scattered sunlight between 180 and 250 nm to be detected. The understanding of the DE 1 images gained by this study provides the basis for future work on the global response of the thermosphere to geomagnetic forcing.


GEORGE Bancroft's History of the United States, published in ten volumes between 1834 and 1874, maintains a stubborn vitality that, were they alive to see it, would dumbfound turn-of-the-century "scientific" historians like C. F. Adams, C. M. Andrews, and S. G. Fisher, who believed they had once and for all consigned Bancroft and litterateurs like him to oblivion. Rediscovered by sympathetic critics in the thirties,' the History is today enjoying a modest critical boom. An abridged edition has recently been made available,2 and several students of history have recommended a return to Bancroft's consciously artful and morally committed approach.3 Bancroft will never, of course, be popular as he was in his own day, when his volumes went into some twenty-five editions and were translated into most European languages. But he will continue to enjoy a following. Why? The key to the answer lies in the fact that Bancroft, like all historians whose work retains permanent literary interest, constructed the History around a core of metaphysical assumptions about the meaning of history which he himself deeply believed and which served to integrate the work's theme and method. Furthermore, comparison of Bancroft's first six volumes4 with the sources on which they are based indicated


ABSTRACT: This article reviews issues confronting policy makers when evaluating economic benefits and costs when converting land from agricultural production to a "bioreserve" to protect and/or restore endangered ecosystems (e.g., wetlands, cypress swamps/bottom land hardwoods) while providing a flow of recreational and wildlife/ecological services. Using IMPLAN, a regional input-output model, the overall economic gains and losses from this land-use change are assessed. The results show that while a large proportion of the total economic benefits are experienced by resource suppliers outside the core region containing the bioreserve, total economic activity is expected to increase as a result of the land-use shift from agricultural production to environmental preservation.


As nowadays climate change is becoming a central topic of discussion, not only in the university with many publications, researches, conferences, but also in the daily and private life of each of us — because we directly experience that something is changing and because of the many initiatives to raise public awareness that involve the entire planet — some voices are rising. Like that of Amitav Ghosh, who wants to shake up the collective consciences in recognizing the responsibility of the cultural matrix of the ongoing transformation. The analysis is sharp, identifying the political and cultural responsibilities that even writers cannot shirk from, also providing a critical reading of the Paris Agreement on climate change of 2015. This short text intends to accompany the reader through the words and thoughts of the Indian writer.


The quest for efficient programmable photonic circuits requires active optical components with low insertion loss, small form factor, and low electrical power consumption [1] . The most common low-loss phase shifter – the key building block – employs electrically driven heaters to exploit thermo-optic effects. However, these devices require a constant power supply, suffer from thermal crosstalk, and their sizes are typically >100 µm. Here, we demonstrate a novel alternative that meets all the aforementioned requirements. We use silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides with patterned n ++ - n - n ++ doped-silicon microheaters to electrothermally switch, with a single pulse, a cell of Sb 2 Se 3 between its two optically distinct, nonvolatile states: amorphous and crystalline. Sb 2 Se 3 is a phase change material (PCM) that offers a ∆n ≈ 0.77 upon switching between states with vanishingly small losses at 1550nm [2] . This unique set of properties allows for phase-only modulation [3] , which sets a precedent in a growing PCM photonics field familiar with PCMs for amplitude modulation at the telecom band [4] .


Potential yield of root crops of modern sugar beet hybrids, taking into account natural factors, is considered not to be less than 50,0 t / ha and sugar content - 18,0 - 18,5%, using seeds of germination not less than 90%, treated with protective stimulants to prevent influence of pests and diseases during germination, the use of highly efficient energy-saving technologies based on the use of agrotechnical measures (crop rotation, fertilizer system, soil tillage system, sowing to final density), integrated pest and crop protection of sparrow during the vegetative period ofsugar beets, stream or stream-transfer method of harvesting.
Experience has shown that the productivityof the sugar beet hybrid isto a great extend determined by the genetic information contained in the seed and the conditions of the environment in which the plants grow. Therefore, the analysis of beet field crops depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period in relation to a particular area of beet harvesting is relevant.
One of the features of the sugar beet culture is a long pre-germination period (the appearance of sprouts on the soil surface to the root moulting, which occurs in the second phase and ends in the phase of the 3rd pair of real leaves), which, depending on a number of reasons, can continue from 16-26 to 18 -29 days or more. During this period of growth and development, the plants are the most vulnerable and accessible to all types of pests (beetroot weevils) and diseases (corn-cedars).
However, modern cultivation technologies, despite the constant improvement of their elements, remain inadequately adapted to objectively existing changes in the soil-climatic conditions. Therefore, successful improvement of zonal varieties of energy-saving technologies is impossible without the development of basic parameters for the formation of highly productive beet crops. The growth and productivity of plants are carried out by factors such as the nature of the organism and the nature of the operating conditions. In this context, the formation of highly productive crops requires profound knowledge not only of plant requirements to the external environment, but also what actions need to affect the plant in order to maximize its biological capabilities. Therefore, the analysis of beet field crops in time depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season in relation to a particular area of beet crop is relevant.
The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of varietal features on the growth, development and productivity of sugar beets, depending on weather conditions. Experiments were carried out in 2016-2017 on the experimental field of the BNU Scientific Center. In field experiments, the accounting area of the site was 25 m2, repetition - four times. To maintain the experiment, seeds of various sugar beet hybrids (triploid - Olzhich, Etude, Zluk, and Diploid Constant, Anichka) of 3.5-4.5 mm fractions with practically identical laboratory germination in the range of 85-90% were used. This made it possible to more objectively study the influence of varietal characteristics and hydrothermal conditions on the productivity of sugar beet.
Concluding the research described above, it can be stated that the productivity of sugar beets mostly depends on the weather conditions of the growing season and the high-grade features of the hybrid.
Growth and development of plants in different hybrids of sugar beets during the entire growing season were uneven. A tendency towards more favourable germination of seeds and a more complete stacking density in triploid hybrids Anichka and Constant was noted.
During the research, the value of the heterosis was the most in the triploid hybrid Anichka, where the average yield rate was 56,7 t / ha, the sugar content of the root crops was 16.1%, the sugar harvest was 9.13 tons / ha and the diploid Zluka which has a yield rate of 56, 4 t / ha, sugar content of root crops – 16,3%, sugar collection – 9,19 t / ha. These figures were lower in hybrids Olzhich, Etude and Costanta. In all the studied hybrids the lowest yield of root crops was noted in 2017 for the density of plants standing before harvesting 87-90 t / ha. The lowest sugar content was noted in 2016 for densities of 87-91 t/ ha.


【Densification and grain growth behavior of bimodal size distributed alumina powder mixtures were investigated as a function of amount of coarse alumina powder. The specimens which contained coarse alumina powder for 60to 80wt% showed the highest green density. The amount of shrinkage of sintered specimen lineraly decreased with the increase of coarse alumina powder up to the content that showed the highest green density and then further addition of coarse alumina powder led to drastic decrease of shrinkage of specimen. Especially crack-like void were concurrently revealed in the sintered body with addition of coarse alumina powder above 60wt% When the sintering temperature increased up to 1650 $^{\circ}C$ the amount of shrinkage of specimen linearly decreased and the grain growth were also retarded with increase of coarse lauminia powder.】


During a field study within the framework of a joint Croatian-Hungarian project1 on the small northern Dalmatian island of Olib, the large whip snake Dolichophis caspius (Gmelin, 1789) was observed and photographed at several localities. Though this is not the first island record of this species in Croatia, as it was previously found on the islands of Lastovo, Kopi{; ; ; te and Mr~ara, this finding is surprising due to the great distance from the other known localities of its distribution range.


We designed the cross-sectional study to evaluate risk factors for development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients. In this prospective study, three hundred fifty-eight newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic male patients were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups including non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and nonfatty liver diseases (non-NAFLD) were evaluated for anthropometric and clinical features, laboratory findings, and nutritional characteristics. The study included 358 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two hundred sixteen (60.3%) patients had fatty liver disease whereas 142 (39.7%) patients had no fatty liver on ultrasonographic examination. The Alanin aminotransteraz GGT and LDL-C levels were found to be higher and HDL-C level was lower in NAFLD group, and the difference between (ALT) results were found to be statistically significant(p<0.05).The variables of body composition; waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio in both group were found statistically different (p<0.05). The results of the current study showed that a higher intake of saturated, polyunsaturated fat and red meat protein were significantly associated with an increased risk for NAFLD, while a higher intake of white meat protein," milk, yogurt, cheese and egg " protein, vegetable protein and fiber tended to reduce the risk for NAFLD. The higher intake of saturated fat and lower intake of white meat, "milk, yogurt, cheese and egg "protein, vegetable protein and fiber are associated with an increased risk of NAFLD.


Recently Srivastava et al. [26] introduced the incomplete Pochhammer symbols by means of the incomplete gamma functions γ(s, x) and Γ(s, x), and defined incomplete hypergeometric functions whose a number of interesting and fundamental properties and characteristics have been investigated. Further, Çetinkaya [6] introduced the incomplete second Appell hypergeometric functions and studied many interesting and fundamental properties and characteristics. In this paper, motivated by the abovementioned works, we introduce two incomplete Srivastava's triple hypergeometric functions γB and Γ H B by using the incomplete Pochhammer symbols and investigate certain properties, for example, their various integral representations, derivative formula, reduction formula and recurrence relation. Various (known or new) special cases and consequences of the results presented here are also considered.


Triazole and imidazole are incorporated into the structures of many antifungal compounds. In this study a novel series of 1,2,4‐triazole, imidazole, benzoimidazole, and benzotriazole derivatives was designed as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 14α‐demethylase (14DM). These structures were docked into the active site of MT‐CYP51, using Autodock program. Sixteen compounds with the best binding energy were synthesized. The chemical structures of the new compounds were confirmed by elemental and spectral (1H‐NMR and Mass) analyses. All compounds were investigated for antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapeilosis, Candida kruzei, Candida dubliniensis, Aspergillus fomigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Epidermophyton floccosum. Some compounds showed excellent in‐vitro antifungal activity against most of the tested fungi. Compounds 2, 9, and 10 had antifungal activity against several resistant fungi against fluconazole and itraconazole.


A reliable and affordable energy supply is a fundamental prerequisite for reducing poverty, promoting investment, and boosting economic growth in the developing world. Among the different challenges that developing countries face, chronic energy crises are harrowing. The crises result from the unsatisfactory state of the central grid, a misguided energy mix, and illinformed policies, among other things. The possibility of solving energy crises through a variety of alternative solutions is worth exploring. This review discusses two paths of energy development side by side: a traditional "hard" path of energy development (i.e., central grid extension powered by fossil fuels and nuclear energy expansion) and a relatively recent "soft" path of energy development, which is based on energy conservation and the deployment of renewable energy resources. This paper focuses on one central axis of the discussion: centralization vs. decentralization. This discussion, in turn, has technological, economic/business, and political dimensions. Finally, the paper discusses the significance of the debate from meeting the developing world's energy demands. The paper intends not to prefer one or another path of energy development, nor it gives recommendations on diffusing or adopting those development paths. Instead, it explores the literature's central arguments that might help frame the questions for further research. While this debate could be used to ask interesting questions that might help solve the energy crisis in the developing world, the Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 2 February 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0084.v1 © 2021 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Page 2 of 24Word Count: 4,844 discussion informs countries to advance policies specific to their circumstances under the umbrella of a sound and thoughtful energy productivity policy framework.


By using DSC,TBA(Torsional Braid Analysis)and FTIR,the compatiblecharacteristics of polyetheretherketon(PEEK)/Polyarylethersulfon with cardo group(PES-C)blends have been studied.The results show that PEEK and PES-C are partiallycompatible,and the compatible extent of the blends is related to its thermal history.Whenthe compatible extent is high,two T_g of the blends move toward each other,and the glasstransition in PES-C-rich part broadens.The partial compatibility of PEEK/PES-Cblends was confirmed by the interaction between PEEK and PES-C molecules.


According to the analysis of the 100 experiments of planning and construction of the new rural community in Nanyang city,the paper analyzed the background of this planning,discussed the main problems,made understanding some essence about the new rural community,and hoped to set a good example in planning and construction of the new rural community.


A METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF METAL CANS FOR BEVERAGES OR SIMILAR AT LEAST AN IDENTIFICATION ZONE 7, 8 EXTENDING AROUND THE ENTIRE CIRCUMFERENCE BOX 1 NOT BE STOPPED BY ANY DECOR. THE IDENTIFICATION ZONE 7, 8 IS FORMED BY CONTRASTING BAND WIDTH ERATIC WHICH IS MEASURED BY AT LEAST ONE SENSOR 19, AN IDENTIFICATION K VALUE FOR EXAMPLE WORTH SET, CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOX IS CALCULATED BY CIRCUIT CALCULATION 33.


This study aims to examine the arguments of college students who are smokers at Universitas Tidar (Tidar University).  The research method used in this study is a survey method with two instruments which are interview and questionnaire conducted in December 2019. The data is analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. The respondents in this study are 15 college students from some faculties in Universitas Tidar. Based on the result of interview and questionnaire, it shows that in the campus environment, there are some students who know the rules about the prohibition of smoking in the campus environment especially Universitas Tidar. In fact, a research about the argumentation study of college students who are smokers shows that there are still some students who smoke in the campus environment. Moreover, 67% of the college students are not ashamed when the lecturers see them smoking.  In addition, the results obtained as much as 100% of respondents know about the negative effects of smoking. However, there are only 67% of respondents who just have the desire to stop smoking and it even has not been realized.  They are still smoking with the reason that they still feel the advantages or positive effects of smoking for them. As the example, smoking can increase their morale and reduce stress. They also have not felt the negative effects on their health conditions such as breathless and current finances.


Lead author and PhD student Martin Ringbauer, from UQ's School of Mathematics and Physics, said the study used photons — single particles of light — to simulate quantum particles travelling through time and study their behaviour, possibly revealing bizarre aspects of modern physics.


Existing studies manage to give an answer to the question of how different determinants affect growth; they largely fail to explain the underlying processes of why these determinants might affect growth. This study seeks to investigate entrepreneurs' managerial skills as determinants for growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. This was achieved by establishing the influence of entrepreneurs' conceptual skills and determining the effect of entrepreneurs' technical skills on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted. A full study of a simple random sample of 204 entrepreneurs in registered SMEs with Corporate Affairs Commission in Abuja, Kaduna, Kano, Ibadan, Lagos and Aba. Data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS software version 23. Linear regression was the tool used. The findings have shown that both the entrepreneurs' conceptual and technical skills contribute to the managerial skills of the entrepreneurs which has brought about growth in SMEs in Nigeria. The study recommends that entrepreneurs should endeavour to acquire conceptual skills for strategic planning for the enterprise. And SMEs that are related to engineering and other technical orientations should ensure that entrepreneurs acquire such technical skills so as to leverage for the growth of their enterprise.


This note presents a simple qualitative picture to provide a guide for the choice of the number of straight sections,, or of the superperiods, in the ISABELLE storage rings. This picture suggests that in order to have only two long straight sections, or a superperiod of 2, one may be required to reduce the v-value to v = 9.25 from the present choice of v * 17.25. If one is willing to have four long straight sections, or a superperiod of 4, then a v-value of v* 13.75 may be acceptable. These results are based on a proposed criterion that no stopbands should occur within the working aperture of the accelerator.


This paper appraises the current position of the European Union (EU) countries, which could potentially become members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) which is now likely to materialise in January, 1999, in an attempt to argue that the current EMU criteria should be revised. The paper discusses briefly and critically the Maastricht Treaty arrangements and convergence criteria for the single currency, reviews the current position of all the members of the EU, and presents a proposal for a new Maastricht. This alternative proposal seeks to overcome the deflationary biases in the Maastricht proposals, and suggests for low unemployment rates to be included in the convergence criteria.


All of the cases presented could be considered to have developed from the mucosa of alveolar recessus at the bottom of the antrum which had been left behind in case of Caldwell-Luc's operation.In the well-developed antrum the mucosa of alveolar recessus may be liable to be left behing and to cause a cyst in the future.Attention should be paid to differentiate the other kinds of cyst of dental origin which bear some resemblance of the symptom to postoperative maxillary cyst.