To improve energy-saving and environmental-friendly dyeing of polyester fibrics,the influence on polyester fiber properties and process of environmental friendly indorous carrier CWP810 were investigated, and compared dyeing effect of carrier dyeing with that of high temperature and pressure dyeing.The results showed that carrier CWP810 had plasticizing effect,but no influence on thermostability of polyester fiber. When dyestuff mass fraction was 4%,the optimum carrier mass fraction was 8%,dyeing temperture was 108°C,and holding time was 60min respectively.Carrier dyeing could obtain consistent color fastness,very similar colour feature with high temperature and pressure dyeing.


Small changes in a cell's composition can radically transform its function and drive the development of diseases like diabetes, cancer or neuronal dysfunction. Scientists led by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, the Institute for Genetics of the University of Cologne, the Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, and CECAD and the CMMC in Cologne have developed a method to study processes taking place in the cells of a living fruit fly larva. This technique, published in Nature Protocols on 10 February, provides a simple but effective way to study the functions of organs in living animals.


Over the last decade the construction industry has made efforts to develop green building practices. With the enactment of PUPR Ministerial Regulation 21 of 2021 concerning Performance Assessment of Green Buildings, the Government requires the Government to implement green construction in every stage of construction, both in planning, development, supervision, operation and maintenance. In addition to planners, contractors have an important role in the principles of green building sustainability. The Sukawati Art Market as a public building has gone through a green building planning certification process by the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing in 2019. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the application of green construction in the implementation of the Sukawati Art Market development focusing on the parameters of the Green Supply Chain. This study begins with the identification of the parameters according to the checklist for the performance assessment of the BGH construction implementation phase for New Buildings. Then proceed with doing a comparison to evaluate the field data obtained with the assessment standard and perform an analysis on the parameters of the green supply chain. The research method used is qualitative which includes case studies of construction implementation and qualitative interviews with the parties involved. The results obtained are that the construction of the Sukawati Art Market has met the criteria as a building that has an environmentally friendly construction process with a total value of 101 points or 61% and is included in the pratama predicate.


As a kind of earliest being industrialized synthetic rubber which productive capacity and consumption still keeps being biggest, the emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR) has the advantages of good over-all performance and wide application. Practical model of ESBR reactor, however, presents a challenging simulation problem. With a series of improvements taken on existing ESBR model, including component distribution concentration among phases, calculation of analysis value and algorithm, a practice reactor model was developed. The displacement column was thought as several reactors in series, the number of which was given by numerical analysis. Based on reactor and displacement column model above, the deviation between calculated value and analytical value of total solid content (TSC) and mooney viscosity (ML) and the effects of used level of initiator and regulator were discussed in detail. The calculated value of TSC and ML were almost coincided with analytical value, especially for TSC. TSC and ML increased with the increase of used level of initiator at first, but changed slightly at last. Regulator played an important role in ML, that is, ML decreased greatly with the increase of used level of regulator. The simulation results showed that the model can fairly well be used for prediction of the performance of ESBR reactors.


Photograph of Lady Bird Johnson and Michael Frary, and unnamed man present a painting of the gazebo at Town Lake in front of the actual gazebo.


Objective Complex of oxymatrine(OMT)-carbenoxolone sodium(CS)was prepared,and the acute toxicity of the OMT-CS complex and their protective effects on injured liver induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4)were also studied.Methods The OMT-CS complex was formed after preparing OMT and CS solutions individually then mixing them in ratio,the constant was detemined by UV-vis,the complex was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,IR,and NMR.The sequence method was employed to test LD_50 of the complex by iv injection.The aspartate transaminase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in serum were measured in acute hepatic injuried models by CCl_4 proportionally im injected the complex in mice.Results The ratio of OMT and CS in the complex appeared to be 1∶1.The results of powder X-ray diffraction measurement indicated that a novel crystalline structure of complex was formed.The acute toxicities of LD_50 of the complexes in 1∶1,and 2∶1 were lower than that of both OMT and CS only.Compared with the model group by CCl_4,AST and ALT levels in serum were lower than that in the complex at 1∶1 and 2∶1 ratios.Conclusion The toxicity of the complex in different proportions on acute hepatic injuried mice by CCl_4 decreases obviously,compared with their precursor drugs.


In this paper, a control method based on the derivative of power is introduced for single-stage single-phase grid-connected cascaded H-bridge (CHB) photovoltaic inverters. The proposed scheme uses solar arrays derivative of power with respect to current to track maximum power point of each array individually. Using this method along with hybrid modulation technique allows utilization of CHB cells up to their full potential. The control system has a simple structure, and is inherently able to stabilize the system under heavy mismatching conditions where the modulation index goes higher than unity. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified by simulation and experimental results.


In recent years recommendation systems have changed the way of communication between both websites and users. Recommendation system sorts through massive amounts of data to identify interest of users and makes the information search easier. For that purpose many methods have been used. Collaborative Filtering (CF) is a method of making automatic predictions about the interests of customers by collecting information from number of other customers, for that purpose many collaborative base algorithms are used. CHARM algorithm is one of the frequent patterns finding algorithm which is capable to handle huge dataset, unlike all previous association mining algorithms which do not support huge dataset. This paper covers different techniques which are used in recommendation system and also proposes a new system for efficient web page recommendation based on hybrid collaborative filtering i.e. using collaborative technique and CHARM algorithm which are coupled with the pattern discovery algorithms such as clustering and association rule mining.


During the marine stratocumulus phase of the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment (FIRE) in July 1987, researchers acquired radiative flux data from a variety of instruments which were flown on the ER-2 high altitude aircraft. The spectral coverage ranged from the near UV to beyond 40 microns. A survey and selected preliminary analyses of these measurements are presented. The specific instruments used in the experiment were chosen primarily for measuring quantities of specific interest for marine stratocumulus fields. However, testing and evaluation of instrumentation and techniques to be used in the future inland cirrus experiment was also an important consideration. Details of the instruments and the significance of what they measure are given.


Abstract This article puts forward several ideas on the development of literary theory in contemporary China. Firstly, the philosophical basis of literary theory should be shifted from a simplistic epistemology to Marxist ontology with praxis as its theoretical core. Secondly, the mode of thinking in literary theory should be altered from a substantial one to a generative one. Thirdly, literary theory should go beyond the methodological framework of subject-object dichotomy, and adopt a renewed way of dialectical thinking. Last but not the least, it is necessary for us to rediscover the vitality and realistic meaning of the proposition of "literature is the study of humanity" from the perspective of Marxist humanism.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
We determined whether emphysema demonstrated on high-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning in apparently well smokers is associated with airflow obstruction.

INTERVENTIONS
Lung function testing and limited HRCT scanning.

DESIGN
Lung function measurements and scans were analyzed independently of each other. We used analysis of covariance to compare FEV(1) and maximum expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (MEF(50)) values after suitable corrections, between subjects with and without parenchymal damage (emphysema and/or reduced carbon monoxide transfer coefficient [KCO]), and to compare indexes of parenchymal damage between subjects with and without airflow obstruction.

SETTING
Radiology and lung function departments of a district general hospital.

PARTICIPANTS
Eighty current cigarette smokers and 20 lifetime nonsmoking control subjects (aged 35 to 65 years) who volunteered following publicity in local media. In all subjects, FEV(1) was > 1.5 L; no subjects were known to have lung disease.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
FEV(1) and MEF(50) were measured spirometrically; static lung volumes were measured by helium dilution and body plethysmography; KCO was measured by a single-breath technique. HRCT scans were analyzed for emphysema by two radiologists. Of smokers, 25% had HRCT emphysema, generally mild; 16.3% and 25% had reduced FEV(1) and MEF(50), respectively; 12.5% had reduced KCO. Smokers with airflow obstruction were not more likely to have parenchymal damage. Smokers with parenchymal damage did not have reduced airway function. Nonsmokers generally had normal airways and parenchyma.

CONCLUSIONS
"Normal" smokers with lung damage had either airflow obstruction or parenchymal damage, but not generally both.


In this paper, we consider the design of pulse shaping filter using orthogonal Hermite-Rodriguez basis functions. The pulse shaping filter design problem has been formulated and solved as a quadratic programming problem with linear inequality constraints. Compared with the existing approaches reported in the literature, the use of Hermite-Rodriguez functions offers an effective alternative to solve the constrained filter synthesis problem. This is demonstrated through a numerical example which is concerned with the design of an equalization filter for a digital transmission channel. Keywords—channel equalization filter, Hermite-Rodriguez, pulse shaping filter, quadratic programming.


ABSTRACT The case study describes work undertaken to support decisions regarding truck replacement in a food corporation based in the United Kingdom. The corporation produces a wide range of food items and has an extensive distribution network. The use of a DSS in assessing the uncertainty inherent in estimating the cost elements associated with the purchase, operation and disposal of a truck is presented. A data base brings the discipline for the regular collection and easy updating of the cost elements. A Visual Basic module provides a simple, , visual means to assess and illustrate the sensitivity of the economic life and cost implications to uncertainty regarding the cost elements. The DSS provides a simple user interface, requiring only the use of a for input, program control, and visual displays of output. Consideration of optimisation, sensitivity, what—if and goal—seeking analyses is implicit in the visual displays.


Baddeleyite (monoclinic; m-ZrO2) is an important U-Pb chronometer within mafic lithologies from many planetary bodies. Recent in-situ U-Pb dating of micro-baddeleyite within shergottites has been key in confirming recent magmatic activity on Mars. However, despite a high U-Pb closure temperature (≥900 °C) and the retention of robust U-Pb isotope systematics to ~57 GPa within experimental studies, up to 80% Pb loss within baddeleyite has been reported from the highly-shocked shergottite Northwest Africa (NWA) 5298. Significantly, U-Pb isotopic disturbance has been shown to be strongly linked with baddeleyite internal microstructure, generated by partial to complete reversion from meta-stable, high P-T zirconia polymorphs during shock metamorphism. NWA 5298 has experienced elevated shock metamorphism, and particularly post-shock temperatures, in comparison to many other shergottites; in the absence of microstructural analyses, the magnitude of baddeleyite U-Pb isotopic disturbance within more moderately shocked shergottites remains unknown.

To address this, we combine electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) microstructural analysis and in-situ U-Pb chronology of baddeleyite within three enriched shergottites: NWA 7257, NWA 8679 and Zagami. Studied samples have undergone shock conditions typical of shergottites, with complete transformation of plagioclase to maskelynite and pervasive fracturing of pyroxene, phosphates and oxides. Small veinlets of shock melt cross-cut NWA 8679 and Zagami, and shock melt pockets are present in all samples. Baddeleyite is abundant and ubiquitously associated with late-stage igneous assemblages, rather than shock melt.

We document a wide range of baddeleyite microstructures. These include crystal-plastically deformed magmatic twins, domains with a marked decrease in crystallinity, and complex, nanostructured domains with orthogonal orientation relationships that are interpreted to have resulted from complete reversion from high P-T polymorphs. Magmatic twins are only locally preserved due to shock heterogeneity. Despite this, and in contrast to NWA 5298, we find no link between baddeleyite microstructure and U-Pb isotope systematics. Analyses fall along well-defined discordia within Tera-Wasserburg plots for each sample, with the U-Pb isotopic composition of analyses controlled by overlap with surrounding phases and fractures rather than baddeleyite microstructure. We therefore determine two new, microstructurally constrained ages from discordia lower intercepts: 195 ± 15 Ma (95% confidence; MSWD 5.6) for NWA 7257 and 220 ± 23 Ma (95% confidence; MSWD 2.2) for NWA 8679. For Zagami, our findings support the previously reported magmatic crystallisation age of ~180 Ma. These results provide further confirmation that high post-shock temperatures are required to induce resolvable U-Pb isotopic disturbance baddeleyite, even within highly shocked samples, and that reversion from high P-T zirconia polymorphs alone does not necessitate U-Pb isotopic disturbance. While we caution the continued requirement for detailed microstructural analyses of baddeleyite prior to isotopic analyses, this study underlines the utility of baddeleyite chronology within martian meteorites and other shocked planetary materials.


The terrace systems of the River Meurthe (Me), and the River Moselle (M) downstream from the present Moselle-Meurthe confluence are composed of eight stepped alluvial terraces (Me8-M8 to Me1-M1), situated at less than 90 m above the modern floodplain Me0-M0. Morphological, mineralogical and petrographical studies evidence that the oldest five terraces (Me8-M8 to Me4-M4) were formed by the "Palaeo-Meurthe", while the Upper Moselle flowed towards the Meuse valley. Downstream from the confluence, the three youngest alluvial terraces (Me3-M3 to Me1-M1) contain crystalline sediments from the Upper Moselle   basin; they have been formed since the Upper Moselle capture, dated about 250-270 ka before present. IRSL and radiocarbon datings provide independent absolute age control for these post-capture terraces, which respectively correlate with the end of the Saalian (Me3-M3) and the Weichselian (Me2-M2 and Me1-M1).The constant relative height of the terraces between France, Luxemburg and Germany gives evidences that there was no differenciated tectonic movements along the valley since at least the capture.A cyclic evolution scheme for the formation of the terraces is presented. The main gravel sedimentation occurred during cold periods (pleniglacial and late glacial phases), with a minor erosive period at the beginning of late glacial periods. Major incision occurs at the warm-to-cold transition.


GENERAL TREE CARE To conserve moisture and prevent weed growth, mulch newly planted are with two inches of pine bark mulch. Water well when watering to be sure that water soaks deep into the soil. Reduce frequent sprinkling which causes plant roots to grow too near the surface, thus weakening the tree. Trees should be fertilized twice a year, in early Fall and again in the Spring. Do not fertilize newly planted plants for 4-6 months.


This research addressed three questions: (1) did partners in homosexual relationships perceive themselves as less stereotypically feminine or masculine than partners in heterosexual relationships? (2) Did partners complement or match each other in their self-perceived femininity and masculinity? (3) What was the correlation of partnersAE femininity and masculinity to their views on attachment and autonomy in their relationships? The level of androgyny (87%) in the sample precluded making the intended comparison. There was, however, some evidence in the heterosexual partners to support the assumption of feminine-masculine complementarily and some to support the link between masculinity and devaluation of attachment. In the discussion, questions were raised about the a typicality of the San Francisco Bay Area sample, about the validity and reliability of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire as a measure of social sex-role, and the basic adequacy of questionnaires that assume that self-knowledge is easily el...


Stellar parameters can be constrained more tightly with binary systems than can typically be done with single stars. We used a freely available binary fitting code to determine the best fitting parameters of a collection of potential eclipsing binary systems observed with the Kepler satellite. These model fits constrain the mass ratio, radii ratio, surface brightness ratio, and the orbital inclination of both stars in the binary system. The frequencies of these pulsations can then be determined and used to constrain asteroseismic models.


In this paper, electrical investigations performed on complex metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures with amorphous LaAlO 3 deposited as gate oxide on a rapid thermal processed SiO 2 buffer layer are presented. Current–voltage ( I–V) measurements at different temperatures and high frequency room-temperature capacitance–voltage ( C–V) measurements indicate the presence of a non-equilibrium state in p-type Si (1 0 0) substrate under reverse polarization of the structure. The asymmetry in I–V characteristics is opposite to the expected one for the highκ/interfacial layer stack behavior. Different indications for the non-equilibrium MOS state are inferred from the experimental data, and the extraction of MOS physical parameters by using the classical C–V method is shown to be unreliable. For small and large applied forward voltages defect-related charge transport and tunneling currents dominate, respectively. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Among many management practices used in melon crops, those that change source: sink relationship, such as pruning and fruit thinning, directly influence production, affect fruit size and its composition, including sugar and vitamin contents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pruning of the main stem and time of fruit thinning in melon postharvest quality. Thus, two experiments were set up in Mossoro, state of Rio Grande do Norte, each with a melon hybrid (Amaregal and Banzai). Each experiment was conducted in a randomized block, in a (2 x 4) + 1 factorial design, 2 pruning management (with and without pruning), 4 levels of fruit thinning (3, 6, 9 and 12 DARB - days after removal agro textile blanket) and a control (without pruning and thinning), and four replications. Fruits were harvested at commercial maturity and transported to the Laboratory of Food Technology of UFERSA, where they were evaluated for the following characteristics: weight, diameter, length, flesh thickness, flesh firmness, soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity, soluble solids: titratable acidity ratio and vitamin C. No interaction between factors in any of the experiments was found. Titratable acidity (0.077%) and vitamin C content (3.4 mg/100 g) in Amaregal melon and soluble solids (10.2%) in Banzai melon were lower in the treatments with stem pruning. In Amaregal melon, fruits showed longer length (134 mm) and greater flesh firmness (40 N) when thinning was carried out on 6 DARB, and as thinning was delayed, it found a decrease in the values of soluble solids, SS: TA ratio and pH. In Banzai melon, fruits showed greater flesh thickness (33.5 mm) and SS: TA (247.5) ratio when thinning was carried out on 6 DARB. However, delay in thinning promoted an increase in pH and vitamin C content of the fruits. Pruning of the main stem and thinning season had effect on the quality of Amaregal and Banzai melons in different ways.


CZTS thin film has been regarded as one of the most promising low-cost light harvest absorbers due to its earthabundant and non-toxic elements. We reported using a low-cost and green sol-gel method to synthesize CZTS thin film and corresponding photovoltaic devices were also fabricated. By regulating the ratio of Cu/Sn, we improve the film uniformity, reduce the formation of voids, relieve shunting problem and enhance power conversion efficiency. The best cell achieves the efficiency of 8.8% with the open circuit voltage of 746mV, short current density of 19 mA/cm2 and fill factor of 62%.


Abstract Least squares reinstatement means getting the best fit between a number of original survey marks. The idea in general — The concepts to be outlined below are not new. It would be of interest to know how many surveyors in Australia do apply these ideas to everyday practice. At least one paper has already been delivered in N.S.W. about this idea. At this stage, it is probably best to state the assumptions upon which least squares reinstatement is based.


Background An efficient and reliable detection of sexual transmitted infection (STI) is a basic requirement for successful therapies and important for an evaluation of epidemiological processes. Improved analytical methods could facilitate the interpretation of transmission and clinical progress of STIs. We implemented a new multi-target PCR (Allplex ®) using an automated routine diagnostic setting for evaluation. Methods Clinical samples were obtained from STI routine diagnostic. Urine specimens and genital swabs collected from different patient cohorts were processed using the automated Microlab Nimbus® instrument followed by an automated multiplex-PCR setup. The amplification and detection was conducted using the CFX96 system (BioRad, USA) using the Allplex ® STI/GU kit. A simultaneous detection of Chlaymydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH),Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Ureaplamsa parvum (UP), Treponema pallidum (TP), Haemophilius ducreyi (HD), HSV-1 and -2, VZV and CMV and Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) was possible. Results A total of 500 samples were included for evaluation. The number of positive samples was 242, the overall number of detected pathogens was 320 ( CT:31; NG:8; MG:12; TV:2; MH:26; UP:166; UU:51; others:24). Mixed infections could be observed in 61 samples (double: 47; triple: 12; more: 2). Amplification of internal controls revealed a valid processing of all negative samples. The results indicated also a different distribution between age groups, risk behavior, gender and collection site. Conclusion These results demonstrate the benefit of multi-target PCR tools for the diagnosis of STI. The evaluated assay delivered a valid and reproducible performance. A further advantage of the workflow consists in the parallel or pooled processing of samples. Frequent detection of mixed infections face us with new challenges in the interpretation of medical findings. In current and future studies it has to be evaluated how multiplex results have to be interpreted individually and epidemiologically. Disclosure No significant relationships.


One of the commonest neotropical stingless bees is Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811), popularly known in Portuguese as jatai, which occurs in variable nesting sites from Mexico to Argentina. We used 18 primers to generate 218 RAPD markers which we used to determined the genetic distance between T. angustula populations from 25 localities in three different Latin America countries, using Tetragonisca weyrauchi from the Brazilian state of Acre and the common honey bee (Apis mellifera) as outgroups. Genetic distance, calculated as the Percentage of Dissimilarity (14%), based on all markers divided the T. angustula population into eastern (group 1) and western (group 2) groups. However, we were able to separate the two groups by using only two primers that have generated five specific molecular markers. The eastern group consists of T. angustula angustula which occurs from Panama to the Brazilian states of Maranhao and northern Minas Gerais and has spread through the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as far as the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. Group 2 is made up of T. angustula fiebrigi which has a more southerly and western distribution, occurring only in the western Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul as well as the west of some other Brazilian states (Goias, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Parana and Santa Catarina) and northeastern Argentina.


ABSTRACT Disk diffusion was a reliable, easy, and inexpensive method for testing the susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin (215 susceptible and 45 resistant isolates) and to ciprofloxacin (154 susceptible, two intermediate, and 124 resistant isolates) using, respectively, an erythromycin disk and ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid disks.


Especially medicated, pressure, suitable for supplying fluid device comprising a container (1) of variable volume as a sack or bag generally cylindrical with folds (2) longitudinal containing the pressurized fluid to be supplied and provided with a control (C) permitting to open a valve (15a, 15b) for supplying said liquid, the assembly being arranged inside a container (4) resistant to high and especially more than 20 bar internal pressure, being the interior volume of the latter between its wall and the container of variable volume filled with a neutral gas at a rate sufficient to exert on the variable volume container a sufficient air pressure to allow supplying the fluid containing the latter pressure vessel when said valve allowing this supply is actuated by said control (C).


The bounce averaged Fokker–Planck equation is solved for alpha particles slowing down in a background plasma of elecrons and ions in the central cell of a tandem mirror. The problem is formulated for a general, monotonic magnetic field, and then solved numerically for the square‐well case. This gives a distribution function in energy and lambda (magnetic moment/energy). The resulting loss of alpha particles by scattering into the magnetic loss cone and the distribution of alpha‐particle energy to ions and electrons are given. For typical tandem mirror reactor parameters (Te ∼30 keV, φ∼100 keV, R∼4) about half of the alpha particles are born in or scatter into the loss cones, but less than 25% of the total alpha particles' energy is lost through these mechanisms.


This paper elaborates upon the significance of quality education and discusses the implications of promoting self-discipline at a class level in a university to quality education in three aspects.


The purpose of this presentation is to evaluate and benchmark ensemble methods for time series prediction for daily currency exchange rates using ensemble methods based on feedforward neural networks and kernel partial least squares (K-PLS). Ensemble methods reduce the variance on the forecasts and allow for the assessment of confidence metrics and risk for the forecasting model. The use of neural networks for time series forecasting has been well established and best practice methods are summarized in [1-3]. An obvious advantage of artificial neural networks is that the models are nonlinear and relatively easy to train. Shortcomings of the neural network literature for time series forecasting include (i) the lack of consensus for parameter settings; (ii) a lack of established standards for training neural networks; (iii) a lack of consistent evaluation metrics for time series forecasting; and (iv) a lack of clearly established benchmark problems. It has been shown that averaging neural network forecasts leads to more robust models that furthermore allow for an estimate of the confidence level [4]. Zimmermann reported that typically ensembles of 200 neural networks with the same neural network architecture, but with different seeds for the random weight initialization, are sufficient. Whereas Zimmermann applies ensembles of recurrent neural networks, ensembles of feedforward neural networks trained with the backpropagation algorithm will be applied in this work. In order to let training proceed in an automated fashion an extension of the Efficient BackProp strategy introduced by LeCun was applied [5, 6]. In addition, we propose two different types of ensemble methods: (i) an approach similar to that of Zimmermann, where the different neural networks have the same architecture, but are initialized with different random weights, and (ii) a novel ensemble strategy, where the training models use different weight initializations, but in addition, multiple cross-validation folds are used for training the neural networks. Two different types of time series forecasting methods will be investigated: (i) a one-step ahead prediction, and (ii) a roll-out prediction that will lead to long-term forecasts by feeding predictions back to the input space (just as if they were the actual values) and bootstrapping over successive steps to make multi-step ahead forecasts. A novel ensemble method for time series prediction based on Kernel Partial Least Squares (K-PLS) is also introduced. Kernel partial least squares [7-8] is a " kernelization " of the (linear) Partial Least Squares method. PLS is widely applied in chemometrics and …


It is very necessary to solve the dust catcher and dust utilizing problems of product line of rolling mills by the numbers. On the basis of characteristic dust produced at the product line of rolling, Adoption of combination intensification at part and spray dust catch with subtractive pressure can solve effectively first dust diffusing action and second dust diffusing action in the workshop all kinds of product line of rolling mills in the steel enterprises, and can improve availably air quality and make it country standard. There are different rolling mill product lines, its dust produced is largely identical but with minor differences. Therefore dust catch theory and measures use for reference each other.


Dijkstra's algorithm is a typical but low efficiency shortest path algorithm. The parallel Dijkstra's algorithm based on message passing interface (MPI) is efficient and easy to implement, but it's not very suitable for PC platform. This paper describes a parallel Dijkstra's algorithm. We designed the parallel algorithm and realized it based on multi-core PC and MPI software platform. The implementation is convenient, and the performance experiment shows that the algorithm has satisfied speedup and efficiency.


Y2O3 codoped with Bi3+ and Yb3+ is considered as an efficient downconversion material combining strong broadband absorption of Bi3+ with photon splitting by cooperative energy transfer from Bi3+ to two Yb3+ neighbors. However, evidence for photon splitting is lacking. Here we investigate the Bi3+-to-Yb3+ energy-transfer mechanism. For cooperative energy transfer the Yb3+-concentration-dependent luminescence decay will show clear characteristics of cooperative dipole-dipole transfer. Analysis of Yb3+-concentration and temperature-dependent decay curves however demonstrates that the energy-transfer mechanism is not cooperative but single step, probably through a Bi4+-Yb2+ charge-transfer state. The temperature dependence of the Bi3+-to-Yb3+ energy-transfer efficiency is unusual as it decreases with temperature, unlike commonly observed thermally activated energy transfer. This is a signature of energy transfer via exchange interaction. The present results provide evidence for the absence of photon splitting in Y2O3:Bi3+,Yb3+ and form a convincing demonstration of exchange interaction mediated energy transfer.


Morphogenetic markers of predisposition to delinquent behavior are considered in the article on the example of congenital signs of papillary patterns of fingers. To do this, the fingerprints of 100 serial killers who committed crimes on a sexual basis and 100 law-abiding citizens were analyzed. According to the results of the study, informative combinations of pattern types were found, which are statistically more common in the group of people who committed serial murders. The similarity of a number of established dermatoglyphic markers of serial killers with dermatoglyphics observed in congenital diseases and diseases with hereditary predisposition is shown. The obtained results are proposed to be used in the system of a comprehensive assessment of the risk of delinquency in the person being checked and the formation of a psychological portrait of the criminal.


Labour output has gradually become an important way for the farmer's family of ethnic minority area to earn the primary economic income as well as a shortcut to promoting peasants' income increase.Many problems exist in the employment of surplus rural labour force of ethnic minority area.By means of reinforcing the government's organizing and guiding,strengthening the propaganda of labour output,creating good condition,increasing the support,amplifying the information communion system and the employment service system,and intensifying training for rural labour force in working skills,the transference process of surplus rural labour force of ethnic minority area will be pushed forward.


Cosmetic compositions for hair and skin. These compositions contain in a suitable cosmetic carrier at least one polymer comprising units cyclic structure corresponding to the following general formulas:


This article outlines the views of seven trainee clinical psychologists on ways in which they can actively work towards inclusive practice and ways in which they can influence others to do so.


The stability of the neutral and alkaline proteases in a Bacillus subtilis enzyme mixture was studied in aqueous solutions at room temperature. Stabilization of the proteases in solution for periods up to 25 days was achieved by the addition of various protein preparations including casein and soya protein. The degree of stabilization by casein was concentration dependent to about 2% protein. The instability of the neutral protease in solutions of the B. subtilis enzyme mixture was shown to be due primarily to proteolysis by the alkaline protease since the diisopropylfluorophosphate‐treated enzyme was quite stable. Formulation of such enzyme solutions at low pH gave greater stability as did solutions containing an alkaline protease inhibitor from potatoes. A Conceptual approach to the formulation of enzyme solutions containing proteolytic enzyme to ensure maximum stability is proposed.


Patient: Male, 63-year-old Final Diagnosis: Neurosarcoidosis Symptoms: Blurred vision • diplopia • glare • hematuria • hypertension • hypertropia • proteinuria Medication: — Clinical Procedure: MRI • renal biopsy • urinalysis Specialty: Ophthalmology Objective: Rare disease Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause, often affecting the lungs and lymphatic system. Neurologic manifestations of sarcoidosis, called "neurosarcoidosis", can present as cranial neuropathies and occur in an isolated fashion or alongside other systemic findings. These findings occur in about 5% to 15% of individuals, and mainly in women between the ages of 30 and 40 years. Within those subsets of patients who develop neurologic manifestations, ocular manifestations occur 13% to 79% of the time. Less common presentations include secondary glaucoma, intermediate or posterior inflammation, or other neuro-ophthalmic findings. Case Report: A 63-year-old White man initially presented with blurry vision, acute glaucoma, and other symptoms closely simulating hypertensive retinopathy. He later developed diplopia and was not accurately diagnosed by general ophthalmologists and a retina specialist. Due to the unusual presentation, hypertensive retinopathy was the incorrect initial working diagnosis and the patient continued to develop more severe symptoms. A multidisciplinary approach to patient care through a nephrology referral led to the final diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. Prompt treatment improved renal function and ocular disturbances. Conclusions: Retinal cotton-wool spots, glaucoma, and optic nerve swelling are rare presentations of neurosarcoidosis. Unusual vascular symptoms warrant consideration of all vascular diseases and prompts for collaboration through a multidisciplinary team. This case serves to highlight the importance of sarcoidosis as a differential, even in patients with no previous signs of granulomatous disease, and how a team-based approach between multiple specialties improves accuracy, timeliness, and treatment regimen.


The present investigation was designed to analyze the impact on motivation and job performance of the employees of the company "ESQUIMASA". For data collection it was used a survey through a questionnaire of 10 questions, which was applied to a sample of 24 workers. The data were tabulated using Excel format, then the respective analysis indicated that the staff working in the company, presents a motivational level low, the lack of salary incentives, poor training, lack of motivational techniques and others that lead to determine that the working environment of the organization is not ideal; as the motivational levels are far from stimulating work performance, dissatisfaction, lack of motivation and job dissatisfaction negatively it affects the performance of their duties.


No summary can do justice to the solid excellence of this book. The revised version of a Zurich thesis, it offers a thorough survey of the early Latin inscriptions, with particular reference to the establishment of epigraphical and linguistic (in practice, • essentially phonological) criteria by which to date them, affording a wealth of detailed comments. If the result seems at times a little ponderous, this may be due in part perhaps to the relentless progression of dense typewritten pages, amongst which the reader will find only rare indications of a licence to pause. After a brief introduction, W. discusses the origin of the Latin alphabet, coming to j sensible if not very surprising conclusions the alphabet is of Etruscan derivation, with BDG and O (not used by the Etruscans) taken from the alphabet learned as a sequence of signs and sounds; it is most likely that the Latin alphabet is the source for the Faliscan alphabet rather than vice versa. W.'s concern here is with the first constitution of the alphabet, and later changes are somewhat inconveniently dealt with elsewhere, so that one must turn to 324ff. for a discussion of the invention of the letter G. There has been so much written on the very earliest Latin inscriptions that W. wisely confines himself to a few remarks and ample references to other literature. He takes the fibula Praenestina to be most probably authentic, given the implausibility of crediting a putative nineteenth-century forger with knowledge of the value [fj for the digraph FH; his comments on the Forum Inscription are mainly confined to discussion of the odd changes in the direction of writing, and there are some engaging sketches of a mason at work to show what might have happened. Of greater moment are his observations on the bronze plaque from near Lavinium with a dedication to Castor and Pollux: noticing that photographs suggest an absence of corrosion round the nail-holes, W. argues that the plaque may never have been put up; further, it is broken in two more or less in the middle, and not near the holes, as might have been the case if it had been torn down; given also that the bronze was found below the level of the altar for which it was presumably intended, W. argues that it was deliberately ! broken and buried unused perhaps even rejected because of the spelling mistake in f Podlouqueique that has given scholars so much trouble. j


At the present time, the most common method for the real-time visualization of steady state mechanical vibrations by holographic interferometry is that of exactly superimposing the reconstructed image on the vibrating object and observing the resulting fringe patterns under stroboscopic illumination. By introducing an initial family of interference fringes by th static rotation of the object before vibration begins, information is available which is not possible from the above method.


Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) has long attracted the attention of biologists, and life-history variation is thought to play an important role in the evolution of SSD. Here we quantified SSD and female reproductive traits to identify potential asso- ciations between SSD and female reproduction in the white-striped grass lizard Takydromus wolteri. In a population from Chuzhou, China, the largest male and female were 53.0 mm and 57.5 mm in snout-vent length (SVL), respectively. Females were larger in SVL and abdomen length, whereas males were larger in head size and tail length. Females produced up to five clutches of eggs during the breeding season, with large females producing more clutches and more eggs per clutch than small ones. As a result, large females had a higher annual fecundity and reproductive output. Egg size was positively correlated with maternal SVL in the first clutch, but not in subsequent clutches. These results suggest that T. wolteri is a species with female-biased SSD, and that fecundity selection, in which large females have higher fecundity due to their higher capacity for laying eggs, is likely corre- lated with the evolution of SSD in this species (Current Zoology 58 (2): 236243, 2012).


With good mechanical performance and mature fabrication technology of LIGA and UV-LIGA, Ni is chosen as the material of S style MEMS microspring. At 24°C and 25% relative humidity, five different points in LIGA Ni sample were tested with the MICRO HARDNESS TESTER, and the Young's modulus was 219GPa. From the tensile tests of UV-LIGA Ni sample the Young's modulus of UV-LIGA Ni is 180GPa. The S style microspring was fabricated by LIGA and UV-LIGA technology separately. Applying the Castigliano second theorem of energy method in macro theory, the spring constant formulas of S style microspring in three application modes were deduced, and the correctness was verified by the FEA (Finite Element Analysis) simulation. The experiments of S style microspring's deformation properties were carried out by the Tytron250 micro force test machine and a tensile measurement system separately. The experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis. Based on the above analysis, the change laws of microspring's spring coefficient in different application patters are summarized.


This paper empirically investigated whether the dependence of manufacturing firms effects the influence strategies and long-term orientation based on the data from manufacturing firms in Korea. U.S., and Japan. Also, the proposed model was proven by the structural equation model with the data gathered from 105 manufacturing firms in Korea, 103 in U.S., and 83 in Japan. The findings were as follows. First, the dependence of all of manufacturing firms, regardless of country, positively affected the coercive influence strategies of distributors, whereas the dependence positively affected the noncoercive influence strategies in U.S. and Japan but in the case of Korea, it showed the reverse direction and were not statistically significant. Second, the dependence of Korean manufacturing firms positively affected the long-term orientation but American manufacturing firms showed the reverse direction and it was not statistically significant. In the case of Japanese manufacturing firms, the direction predicted in the paper was shown but was not statistically significant. Third, the coercive influence strategies positively affected the long-term orientation in Korea but it showed the negative relationship in Japan. Fourth, the noncoercive influence strategies positively affected the long-term orientation in all countries. Lastly, a few implications, limitations and future study issues were discussed.


7220 Background: The spread of computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer (LC) leads to the increased detection of small sized LC. Performance and accuracy of radiological diagnosis had not been evaluated and indication of limited surgery for CT detected LC remains unknown.

METHODS
Between Dec/2002 and May/2004, a prospective study was performed. Patients (pts) having peripheral lung adenocarcinoma (AD) of T1N0M0 were eligible. Radiologic findings of LC were evaluated as to ground-glass opacity (GGO) with thin-section CT (TSCT). A radiological non-invasive cancer (NIC) was defined as a tumor having consolidation less than half of the maximum tumor dimension. A pathological NIC, which is future candidate for limited surgery, was defined as a tumor with no lymph node mets, lymphatic, nor vascular invasion. A validity of radiological diagnosis by above criteria was investigated. Primary endpoint is specificity as the proportion of pts with radiologically diagnosed invasive LC in pts with pathologically diagnosed invasive LC. Planned sample size was 450 with precision-base. We expected that lower limit of 95% CI of specificity is over 97%.

RESULTS
Totally 811 pts were enrolled onto the study at 31 institutions, including 357 men. Age ranged 27 to 75 (median 61). Primary endpoint was evaluated on central-reviewed 545 AD resected by lobectomy. Specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of pathological NIC were 96.4% (161/167 95% CI 92.3% to 98.7%) and 30.4% (115/378 95% CI 25.8% to 35.3%), respectively. As to relationship between radiologic NIC and pathological nodal involvement, specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis were 98.3% (59/60 95% CI 91.1% to 100%) and 24.7% (120/485 95% CI 21.0% to 28.8%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Our pre-determined criterion for the specificity was not confirmed, and candidates for limited surgical resection can not be selected based on our criteria. However, radiological diagnosis of node-negative LC with TSCT was well coincide, and the criterion might be used for selecting node negative peripheral LC. A phase II study of limited surgical resection for peripheral LC 2.0 cm or less in size is now planned based on the results of exploratory analysis of this study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


It is shown that hydrazine and methyl hydrazine react with 3-keto benzofurans to yield trisubstituted pyrazoles having a phenolic character. Several pyrazole compounds have been prepared. R. Royer and E. Bisagni have shown that phenolic trisubstituted isoxazoles are formed by the action of hydroxylamine on the 3-keto benzofurans; we have prepared other phenolic isoxazoles, thus showing how very general the reaction is.

Finally we have synthesised β-N-diethylaminoethylether derivatives of all phenolic pyrazoles and isoxazoles.


Relevance. Northern Kazakhstan is a region where the main production of spring soft wheat grain is concentrated. The creation and introduction of new varieties that meet the requirements of modern production are relevant.Methods. The objects of research are 76 breeding lines of spring soft wheat. The experience was laid in the steppe zone of the North Kazakhstan region. The climate is arid, the average annual precipitation is 240–330 mm. The soil is ordinary carbonate heavy loamy chernozem, humus — 4.5–5.0%. Records and observations were carried out according to the Methodology of the state test (2010). The mass of 1000 grains was determined according to GOST 10842-89, the gluten content — according to ST RK 1046-2008, the nature of the grain was determined on a laboratory device Wile 200.Results. The evaluation of the breeding material was carried out in harsh arid conditions according to several economically valuable characteristics: the duration of the growing season, productivity and grain quality. Six most promising lines have been identified for further study in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan: 433 SP-2/20, 438 SP-2/20, 446 SP-2/20, 448 SP-2/20, 619 SP-2/20, 769 SP-2/20 with a yield of 24.0–27.7 kg/ha, weighing 1000 grains — 37.2–42.8 g, in kind — 771–789 g /l, gluten content — 32.32–36.32%.


Speaking is oral communication using verbal and non verbal expression. It means through speaking learners can communicate with others to achieve certain goals, to express their opinions, intentions, hopes and viewpoints. In addition, speaking is important to learn deeply a good communication. Good communication happen if the speakers can explain their idea and give information clearly, fluently and accuratly, so the listener understands the meaning. In making a successful teaching and learning process, technique is one of crucial factors that determines the successful of teaching and learning, in which the students feel bored and become inactive in the classroom. A chain drill is an alternative technique that teacher can use in teaching speaking of English. The goal of the research are to describe the student's ability before being taught using drilling technique, to describe the student's ability after being taught using drilling technique, to find out whether there is effect of using drilling technique. Further, this research used quantitative research particularly preexperimental with one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample of the research was VIII-A class consists of 24 students with 15 males and 9 females. In order to collect the data, the researcher used spoken test about describing person as the instrument of the research and t-test to analize the data of the research. The result showed that the mean score gained from post-test was higher than pre-test. The mean score gained from post-test was 73.54 while pre-test was 55.62. Moreover, it was found that the tscore (19.91) t-table at the degree of significance 1% (2.492) or 5% (1.711). Therefore, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. Thus, it can be concluded that drilling technique give significant effect on the students' speaking ability specifically to the eighth grade students at SMP Dharma Wanita Pare in academic year 2017/2018. Here, it is suggested that English teacher to use drilling technique in teaching speaking because it is very interesting way to make learners speak up.


Territorial analysis is related to the complexity of an area where human activities and environmental characteristics are the main development factors. Human activities have a direct (e.g. farm activities) and indirect (e.g. urban development/sprawl) influence on a territory and its environment, which gives an important function to such activities when strategies for territorial planning have to be defined. Several actors are involved in the assessment of a territory, which is a complicated feature of decision making to be achieved with the use of complex data-analysis process. The evolution of personal computer and specific software for the analysis of spatial data is giving important contribution to "Territorial Planning Strategies." Spatial Decision Support System is an example of how problems occurred during a decision making process can be solved using methodologies that combine "Multicriteria Approach" and "Geographic Information System." One of these methodologies is represented by "Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis." DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch016


Gender difference in English speech act is a worthwhile issue to probe into. This paper concludes the gender difference in speech act between male and female from several aspects. It also analyzes a variety of reasons why it came into being from the visual angles of socio-psychological factors,social positio n and power,psychological and physiological differences between male and female .


prolific use of images & videos in portable devices, raised the need to develop the efficient architectures for the ever increasing demand of portability with low power and high performance quality metrics. However the images and videos are the information's to be stored, but there compression while storing is the important part. This paper introduces a basic hardware component "comparator" for the compression architectures. Comparator augments as general purpose core to Sum of Absolute difference (SAD) architecture used for the object recognition, generation of disparity maps of the stereo images and for estimating the motion in videos. The Subtraction part of the comparator is optimized by providing the parallel computation in processing the 2's complement operation. Transistor stacking and Logic optimization concepts are utilized to reduce the leakage power of the comparator design. 4-bit wide Comparator with "smallest of two binary numbers" functionality is modeled using Verilog HDL and synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler. The design was mapped to 65nm technological library node and results were benchmarked with respect to standard ASIC design methodology. The proposed architectures have resulted in reduced leakage power about 7- 42 % for different proposed architectures and enabled the different corners for analysis.


The absolute specific mass shifts for the $^{2}\mathrm{S}$ ground state of the lithium atom are calculated using a 352-term Hylleraas-type wave function. The specific mass shifts for $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ are 5.180 and 6.042 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, respectively, using first-order perturbation theory, and 5.177 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ ${(}^{7}$Li) and 6.039 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ ${(}^{6}$Li) from a nonperturbative approach. With use of Pekeris's accurate values for the specific mass shifts of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$, the transition isotope shift of Li relative to ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ is calculated to be 1.101 GHz, using first-order perturbation theory, and 1.071 GHz from a nonperturbative procedure. The calculated shift is in very close agreement with the experimental value of 1.111\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006 GHz obtained by Lorenzen and Niemax.


AbstractThe triterpene, lup-20(29)-en-3-ol (lupeol) was isolated from the Nigerian medicinal plant Lonchocarpus cyanescens Benth. The structure elucidation was carried out by using m.p., [α]D,IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and MS. The assignment of carbon spectral data was made by DEPT and the 2-Dimensional 13C-13C Autocorrelated Double Quantum Coherence technique (Autocorrelated 2D-DQC spectroscopy).


For impulse radio communications, the coherent Rake receiver requires accurate time acquisition and channel estimation whereas the autocorrelation receiver (AcR) requires a wideband analog delay element which has high complexity. In this paper, we propose a modified compressive sensing (CS) based receiver to avoid the stringent time acquisition, channel estimation and complicated wideband analog delay element. Different from the conventional CS algorithms, the proposed receiver modifies the randomly generated base functions according to channel statistics and simplifies the ℓ1 norm minimization as to form the detection template by combining several base functions which have larger correlation coefficients with the received signal. Furthermore, the received signal is demodulated by a symbol rate sampling at the proposed receiver. Computer simulation results show that the proposed receiver outperforms the Rake receiver with 8 fingers and AcR.


In terms of the speed-up of the conventional line, the research for a improved turnout was carried out continually around world. A turnout is known that it is the most unstable equipment structurally in the rail system. So, the turnout is needed more stable structure. An accurate assembly of turnout affects traveling qualify of turnout area and running safety. Therefore, a turnout which is pre-assembled at a factory by using the split PC sleeper is transported to construction site recently in advanced countries. In this paper, the performance measurements which estimate the safety of the split PC sleepers which are adopted for the first time to improve performance of turnout are implemented indoors. The split PC sleeper is one of components of the improved turnout. The test is considered of the worst ballast condition under the maintenance work as like STT(Swithc Tie Tamper) or MTT(Multiple Tie Tamper). These experiments results indicate that structural safety for the expansion joint of the split PC sleepers.


The project that benefits from attractive intrinsic merits of graphene in different forms, involves all aspects of research in developing wearable communication systems from graphene synthesis to final communicating cloth prototypes enabling comfortable and well-hidden material integration solutions. Unique and innovative 2D material assemblies and design solutions to flexible textile-based antennas for ultra-wideband communication was showcased. The visitors will have a chance to touch and see these communicating fabric swatches and experience different fabrication methods involving the combination of methods from material science, textile design, electronics, and textile engineering how to make and craft these communicating fabrics. Apart from creating unique haptic knowledge, the visitors also watched the journey of material experimentation which led different manufacturing paths for an unobtrusive integration into cloth by ensuring the wearer's comfort


We report a XPS study of the reactivity in 0.5 M NaCl aqueous solution of NiAl(100) surfaces covered by ultra‐thin aluminium oxide films grown by thermal oxidation of the alloy at 900 °C. Detailed analysis of the film thickness, the oxide stoichiometry and the alloy composition below the oxide was performed to characterize the drastic modifications induced by chloride exposure. Chloride entry in the oxide was observed by AR‐XPS that revealed the existence of two chemical states of chlorides, one associated to aluminium oxide, the other one to aluminium hydroxide. The film modifications were initiated in the inner part and characterized by the formation of chloride‐containing hydroxide species. The growth of these species spread later to the entire film, accompanied by a marked thickening of the modified alumina layer by selective oxidation of the alloy. Longer immersion times (>20 h) led to the formation of mixed nickel–aluminium chloride‐containing hydroxide species, indicating the loss of corrosion protection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Scientific style, defined as patterned ways of doing scientific work, has been the subject of two types of historical investigation, broadly speaking. A number of studies have related the genesis or change of scientific styles to social conditions. Others have examined the role of scientific styles, particularly in discovery. The changes these studies describe, however, tend to arise within a particular discipline or field. With the aim of illuminating transfer, this essay examines the role of 'styles' in a case of tool-borrowing that proved highly consequential: the introduction, in American education, of the analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA, showcased in R. A. Fisher's Statistical methods for research workers (1925), made it possible for agronomists to evaluate the effects on yield of multiple factors, such as fertilizers and varieties, simultaneously. The technique partitions the total variation in a set of data (measured by the variance) into constituent components in order that the contributions of the factors may be compared with error. In the simplest of agricultural experiments, in which each of several fertilizers, say, is allocated to plots at random, the total variance in yield is partitioned into just two constituent components: 'fertilizers' and 'experimental error'. If the fertilizers are without effect, the F ratio formed by these two components will differ from unity just by chance. A value of F that exceeds chance expectation thus warrants rejection of the null hypothesis. Importantly, the F test may be used with small samples, which distinguished it from the statistical techniques then in currency. The appeal of accurate tests of statistical hypotheses is attested by the publication of Statistical methods for research workers in thirteen editions and seven languages. Disseminated through education and psychology journals from the mid-1930s, ANOVA was rapidly standardized in corresponding textbooks of statistical method. As a result, within a decade of the Second World War, these disciplines saw the displacement of inappropriate, and even unsystematic, procedures of drawing inferences from data in what has been called the "inference revolution", which subsequently spread from psychology and education to other social science disciplines. On historians' telling of this story, what facilitated the circulation of the new tool for analysing experiments in agriculture was the eclipse of the individual as the primary object of study in psychology. By the mid-1930s psychology experiments predominantly were based on treatment groups and employed complex designs. ANOVA enabled psychologists not only to agree upon the significance of group differences in behaviour but also to model mental processes, solving at a stroke


Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhism gives a new perspective on contemporary Japanese Zen Buddhism. Ideas, ritual practices, temples and interactions between the clergy, the laity and the institution are investigated as living representations of a unique and yet common Japanese religion.


The adsorption of NH~+_4 in domestic sewage by modified zeolite is studied,including the main influence factors,adsorption efficiency of NH~+_4 by zeolite and desorption efficiency.The experiments show that the layer height,the particle size of zeolite,the quality of the raw sewage and the flow velocity are the main influence factors.The adsorption of NH~+_4 can well fit to Langmuir adsorption isotherm.Under the condition of pH 5~8 and adsorption time of 2h,the adsorption capacity of NH~+_4 by zeolite is 12.92 mg/g.Zeolite has good selectivity and high ion-exchange ability to the NH~+_4,thus it can be used in domestic sewage treatment.In addition,the high concentration of NaHCO_3 is useful for the desorption of modified zeolite saturated by NH~+_4.25% of the adsorbed NH~+_4 can be desorbed in 10 beds.


The invention relates to a method of discriminating between an internal arc and an interruption arc detected in metal-clad equipment including at least one busbar (1) and a circuit breaker (2) and equipped with a system of protection (4) and a computer (5) comprising detecting the occurrence of an arc by means of a sensor (8) generating an arc-appearance signal (c), transmitting this signal to the computer (5) and determining the time lapse T = t - ta between the instant to receiving a trigger order (o) transmitted to the computer of the circuit breaker (5) by the protective system (4) and yet your acquisition start of this signal by the computer (5).


objective To elevate clinical value of locking intramedullary nails for non-union and delayed union of forearm. Methods 10 different Gustilo type forearm fractures with bone non-union or delayed union were treated by forearm locking intramedullary nails and xenobone were transplanted. No any supportive equipment such as cast was used postoperatively. The patients were allowed to move forearms at one day after operation. The follow-up time was12-24 months. Results 8 patients were recovery to criteria of bone healing with average 7.4 months. Conclusions There was satisfied clinical results of forearm locking intramedullary nails for forearm non-union and delayed union.


Abstract In response to the article by Parodi et al. about choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS) treated with intravitreal Ranibizumab. This article highlights the efficacy of intravitreal Ranibizumab in the treatment of CNV associated with MEWDS. In our experience, CNV is mostly associated with MEWDS in cases of a wider inflammatory spectrum such as overlapping syndrome with multifocal choroiditis (MFC) or punctuate inner choroidopathy (PIC). The whole pattern of the case presented in the article is compatible with the diagnosis of PIC, meaning that this case described an overlapping between MEWDS and PIC diagnoses. Although the authors wrote that CNV is secondary to MEWDS, another possible hypothesis is that CNV is secondary to PIC. Thus, MEWDS could be secondary to PIC and/or CNV.


We have applied CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond chemical sensor to detect benzene and toluene, volatile organic compounds, possible indication of the existence of environmental hazardous and petroleum in soil/subsoil. Steady-state and transient response of the sensor for both gases have been extensively studied. These studies have shown that the sensor shows a large sensitivity, fast response, high selectivity, large dynamic range, repeatable/reproducible response for the detection of benzene and toluene gases. Activation energy analysis of the sensor for both gases resulted very small values, confirming fast response and high selectivity.


Nowadays, a 3-D sub-bottom profiler (SBP) can produce the point clouds of the subseabed and is gradually receiving more attention in getting geologically significant surfaces to reveal sedimentary environments and structural features. However, little literature studied the automatic extraction of these surfaces from the 3-D SBP data currently. Thus, this article proposes a hybrid method consisting of a surface extraction algorithm and a segmentation algorithm. First, the multiprofile SBP data are converted into 3-D data volume. Second, by taking full advantage of the plate-like characteristic of the layer surface in the 3-D SBP data, a plate-like enhancement filtering algorithm based on the nonuniform Gaussian scale is given to filter the 3-D data volume. Third, a threshold extraction is applied to extract surface voxels, and a hybrid region growing algorithm is put forward to segment surface voxels into basic units by combining multicriteria. Finally, the surface segmentation problem is formulated as global energy optimization, and a stepwise segmentation algorithm is proposed to get the final surface set. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted and analyzed. The results showed that the proposed method performed well.


The market for research antibodies is extremely competitive and fragmented, thus cost-leadership, differentiation and niche (focus) strategies are very difficult to examine and formulate in Michael Porter's terms. Porter's generic strategies: cost-leadership, differentiation and niche have become a dominant paradigm in competitive business environments. Porter's model has been shown to be outdated; i.e. he states that the combination of low-cost and differentiation strategies is unlikely to produce a sustainable competitive advantage. In today's market, however, to establish a sustainable competitive advantage, many businesses especially those distributing research antibodies, pursue a combination of generic strategies simultaneously. This thesis aims to refuel the debate about what specific circumstances constitute an appropriate differentiation and pricing strategy. By popularizing the idea that differentiation and low-cost are incompatible, Porter's legacy may have served to misdirect corporate strategists. This thesis develops a framework that aims to identify the contingencies under which the above propositions hold for the research antibody industry.


Pulverized peels of Citrus sinensis var mosambi consists of 32 ± 0.36% cellulose, 25 ± 0.18% hemicellulose and 18 ± 0.08% of lignin on dry solid (DS) basis. 1% NaOH delignified peels of C. sinensis var mosambi yielded 4.98% glucose, 4.46% raffinose and 7.67% fructose under steam explosion, with a hydrolytic efficiency of 90.32 ± 0.55%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated the penetration of NaOH in the amorphous region of the biomass and degradation of hemicelluloses The enzymes required for hydrolysis were prepared from culture supernatants of Trichoderma reesei NCIM 1052 using wheat bran as carbon source under submerged fermentation conditions. Enzyme activity (U/ml) of crude cellulase produced by T. reesei NCIM 1052 was 311.1 μmole/ml/min. Delignified C. sinensis var mosambi peel yielded 40.51 ± 0.42 g/l glucose when enzymatically hydrolysed by crude cellulase at the substrate enzyme ratio of 1:5. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of peels of C. sinensis var mosambi by crude cellulase and separately entrapped Pichia stipitis NCIM 3498 and Pachysolen tannophilus MTCC 1077 cells in calcium alginate beads were also investigated in the present study. The fermentation experiments were carried out at flask level. The processing parameters setup for reaching a maximum response for ethanol production was obtained when applying the optimum values for temperature (30°C), inoculum level (6%) and fermentation medium (ammonium sulphate, KH2PO4, peptone and yeast extract) for P. tannophilus MTCC 1077 and P. stipitis NCIM 3498. Maximum ethanol concentration 9.6 g/l and 10.3 g/l was obtained from P. tannophilus MTCC 1077 and P. stipitis NCIM 3498 respectively at the optimized process conditions in anaerobic batch fermentation.


The paper critically discusses the proposal of identifying the subject of human rights by means of the concept of moral person, reflecting on the inherent connection between the concept of person and that of human rights in their moral dimension, that is, in the light of an ethics of human rights, an ethics in which human rights represent fundamental moral values. The thesis defended is that the concept of moral person lends itself more than any other to the role of subject of human rights, if conceived as a relational, communicative and representative social value, that is as "the concept of an individual human being whose features enable him to join some segments of his life with others".


In this paper, a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with M-slot, three co-directional complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) and ground staircase cut is proposed. The shape of the antenna achieves both the impedance matching of UWB and four rejection bands. The fabricated antenna is compact enough to be integrated into the UWB system. Measured results show the validity of the proposed design.


This paper contributes to the volatility spillover literature in international stock markets. More specifically, the paper focuses on the spillover effects of the US stock market to the stock market of Canada and Mexico. Contrary to the existing literature (see e.g. Bekaert and Harvey (1997), Ng (2000), and Baele (2003), this paper investigates whether the spillover effects display asymmetric behavior. It further differentiates between mean and volatility spillovers from the US to the other two markets. To do so, they estimate a (augmented) AR(1)APARCH(1,1) for the three stock markets for daily returns, ranging from January 1992 until December 2003. The main result, which contributes to the existing literature, is that volatility spillover effects from the US to the Canadian and Mexican stock markets are asymmetric. More specific, negative shocks from the US market have a higher impact on the Canadian and Mexican equity markets than positive shocks.


A number of small solenoids have been wound from Nb 3 Sn-Cu in situ wire in order to determine the suitability of these compositions for magnet construction. Magnets were wound after the wire was reacted and it was found that bending strains as large as 2% at the outer surfaee of the wire can be used with no degradation of the critical current. Calorimetric measurements of the ac losses indicate full penetration of the magnetic field into the wire above 8 Tesla. In addition it is found that losses are proportional to frequency as would be expected if the losses were hysteretic. Both the core method and an external diffusion method can be used satisfactorily for the fabrication of long lengths of wire.


Robotic technology represents a new rehabilitation opportunity that, with an approach similar to a video game, increases the motivation to treat children and seems able to activate brain plasticity, at the basis of the functional recovery due to its interactivity and intensity of the training experience. Literature reports few studies that evaluate the ergonomic aspects of devices for neurorehabilitation, from the point of view of both the operator and the patient. Similar studies in the pediatric field are rare. This study aims to evaluate the response of workers, patients and their parents to this new technology.
 The study considered the response of the workers (perception of the workload, satisfaction), that of the patients and their parents (expectations, benefits) by comparing the answers to subjective questionnaires of those who made use of the new technology with those who used the traditional technique. Twelve workers, 46 patients and 47 parents were enrolled in the study.
 Significant differences were recorded in the total workload score of operators who use the robotic technology compared to the traditional therapy (p < 0.001). Patients reported a higher quality of life and satisfaction after the use of robotic neurorehabilitation therapy. The parents of patients undergoing robotic therapy have moderately higher expectations and satisfaction than those undergoing traditional therapy. None of the parameters checked was worse in the new therapeutic technique than in the traditional one.
 In this pilot study, the robotic neurorehabilitation technique induced an increase in the expectations and satisfaction of patients and their parents. As is frequent in the introduction of new technologies, workers perceived a greater workload. Subsequent studies are needed to verify the results achieved. This study is being developed in an Italian pediatric hospital, with the collaboration and funding of the Italian Ministry of Health, coauthor of this study.

 Robotic therapy presents a higher workload compared to traditional one. Robotic technique induced an increase in quality of life of patients and in expectations and satisfaction of their parents.


Aims and Objectives:To correlate Rheumatoid factor(RF) and Anti-CCP antibody in RA To evaluate prognostic value of RF and Anti-CCP antibody in RA. Methods: Retrospective study of total 40 patients admitted to our hospital between January 2011 to October 2012. All patients were diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis as per diagnostic criteria of American College of Rheumatology. All patients had symptom duration of at least year. Anti-CCP and IgM-RF were evaluated in all patients. Disease activity score 28 was calculated in all patients. Radiological Damage was assessed by Larsen Score. Results: AntiCCP and RF were significantly correlated with each other and both were seen as significant independent predictors of radiological outcomes (p value 0.01 and 20 IU/ml. ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP (C-reactive protein) was measured in the all patients. Result: Mean age of patients was 47.5 years and mean duration of disease was 8.9 years. 32 (80%) of all 40 patients were RF positive while 8 (20%) were negative. 30 (75%) of all patients were positive for anti-CCP while 10 (25%) were negative. 24 patients (60%) were positive for both RF and anti-CCP whereas 2 patients (5%) was negative for both. In addition 6 (75%) of 8 RF negative patients were anti-CCP positive whereas 8 (80%) of 10 anti-CCP negative patients were RF positive. Table No.1: Table showing No. of patients of various serological and inflammatory Markers No. of patients Percentage


This chapter contains sections titled: Analytic and Numeric Digital Diffractives The Notion of Diffraction Orders Diffraction Gratings Diffractive Optical Elements Diffractive Interferogram Lenses


It is formed on at least one surface of the separator base material, the separator base membrane, and, the multi-having an adhesive layer formed on the porous membrane, and the membrane is non-conductive particles, and, given the structural unit (a) and the structural unit (b) water solubility of the maleimide-containing-including maleic acid copolymer, and said adhesive layer, and a secondary battery which comprises a glass transition temperature of the polymer particles more than 10 ℃ than 110 ℃ membrane separator.


This research discussed on the results obtained for each sample that have been conducted to the solid fuel briquettes made of empty fruit bunch fiber and waste papers from view of physical performance which is dimension stability test after exposed to ambient condition. This solid fuel prepared by manual compression technique. This analysis important to know the capability of the solid fuel to sustained/maintained the physical shape after exposed to ambient condition. Experimental work shows that most samples of solid fuel have good performance for the test.


Background/Objectives: The specific objective of the study is to examine the various services provided through NRHM to maternal and child healthcare and also to check the effectiveness in the provision of these services. Methods/Statistical analysis: The present study is based upon the collection of primary and secondary data. The primary data will be collected through the structural questionnaire by applying random sampling method. The sample size of 25 households will be collected randomly from Kannur district of Kerala. The secondary data will be collected from various data sources related to NRHM. The statistical tools like correlation, regression, simple average, etc. will be used for analyzing the identified variables. Findings: This study concentrates on service delivery and utilization in the maternal and child healthcare level. By approaching the selected samples, it is clear that only some of the NRHM services are familiar to the people and some are not yet reached them. The available services are utilized by them most efficiently. NRHM bridges the gap between demand and supply of healthcare services to women and children and there by enable to attain the target related to maternal and child health in Kerala. Improvements/Applications: Include all people under NRHM, provide proper awareness to people about NRHM, and also provide awareness about ANC and PNC, provide proper incentives to ASHA.


This paper reviews the current achievements of rese arch on risk assessment index of coal spontaneous combustion.It has become a com mon view that the spontaneous combustion depends upon not only intrisic factors but also external factors.The classification risk assessment index of coal spont aneous combustion is based on the considerations of the degree of intrinsic comb ination and external mining factors.Every current method has its limitation in t he process of risk assessment of coal spontaneous combustion.


The present invention relates to a structure and method for microscopic imaging reverse focused, focusing reverse microscopic imaging configuration comprising: a first beam splitter; an objective lens; and a phase conjugation module. Its first input by means of a first beam splitter and outputting probe light to the objective lens, and the light reception signal detecting reflected light by means of the objective lens, a first dichroic mirror and then by the signal light is projected to the phase conjugation modules again. Unilateral detecting the biomedical tissue by the embodiment of the present invention, and can be treated to improve the vertical resolution of the measured microscopic imaging.


Proximate composition analysis for crude lipid content, crude protein content, moisture content, total ash content and dry weight of Dagaa (Rastrineobola argentea): a small pelagic fish which constitutes one of the main fish species in Lake Victoria was determined from selected beaches: Paga, Dunga, Rota, Usari and Nduru around Lake Victoria-Kenya. This was done with a view to provide nutritional data to guide food processing, industrial exploitation, preservation and consumption of the fish. On a wet weight basis (wwb), proximate composition values were established as crude protein content, kjedahl and biuret (19.1 - 21.7% and 1.93 - 5.80 mg/ml respectively), lipid content by Dyer and Bligh and Soxhlet (3.87 - 7.78 and 1.77 - 3.40% respectively), ash content (1.88 - 4.38%), ash content on a dry weight basis was (10 - 14.58%) and moisture content of (72.83 - 76.90%). Analysis of these results showed that there were significant differences (p 2%) based on Dyer and Bligh method. The high protein, ash and lipid content of Dagaa make it a nutritionally dense fish.

 Key words: Dagaa, Lake Victoria, proximate composition.


into the 1930s. Yet Stuart Finkel duly makes his case that—low numbers notwithstanding— the deportation or exile of these members of Russia's intelligentsia at the beginning of the New Economic Policy (NEP) ushered in a period "that. . . featured the introduction of significant restraints on intellectuals and their academic, cultural, and professional institutions" (3). With this volume, a revision of his doctoral dissertation, Finkel challenges the notion that the Bolshevik Party took a "soft line" toward its real or perceived opposition. While Finkel does not deny that there was "a softening of Bolshevik rhetoric" (223), on the cultural or ideological front by 1923, he sees this softening being possible because of the elimination from the public sphere of a cohort of the Russian intelligentsia that the Bolshevik leadership, especially Vladimir Lenin, perceived to be troublesome or potentially troublesome due to its activities in professional societies or private publications. Finkel's work is especially strong in making a convincing argument that by removing a small group of academics, authors, and publicists—some of whom had been or were members of political organizations other than the Bolshevik Party, others of whom were clearly apolitical—the party was able to ensure itself that there would be what the author refers to as a "univocal network of institutions" (225) within a Soviet obshchestvennost' (public sphere, in Finkel's use of the word) that did not pose a threat to Bolshevik control of state and society. Though his intention is to present the history of the expulsion and exile as a means of discussing and explaining the constrained public sphere at the beginning of NEP, Finkel has also provided a fascinating picture of the debate that occurred within the Bolshevik Party as its leadership determined how best to react to the perceived threat of this small group of intellectuals. Should measures be drastic, even to the point of execution? Lenin clearly believed these academics and writers posed a threat that warranted such actions and that the number of those targeted for arrest and deportation or exile should have been several times larger than the final count. Others—Anatolii Lunacharskii and Lev Kamenev, for example—did not agree with this line of thinking, either in terms of the number targeted or of the severity of sentencing; Kamenev even led some victims to believe that expulsion would not likely be permanent. Ultimately, a compromise prevailed: expulsion and exile for most, with the assumption that the terms would be indefinite. Finkel's work is a welcome addition to the literature on the Soviet Union immediately after the civil war and at the onset of NEP. His discussion of the constraints on the public sphere that resulted from the expulsion and exile of intellectuals in 1922 and 1923 provides us with a greater understanding of how the Bolshevik Party was able during NEP to ensure that many of those intellectuals left in Russia would serve the state and the party—through stateand party-sanctioned organizations—as the latter established its control of the "public sphere."


Recently, in an analytical approach based on incommensurate spectral decomposition, Banerjee et al.1 showed that an AM pulse, upon transmission across a linear, nondispersive/ nonlinear, dispersive interface, appeared to indicate the formation of collinear AM and narrowband FM "channels," each with distinctive phase velocities. This indicated that these modulations would spatially separate after some characteristic distance. The above work was based on a nonlinear Klein-Gordon (NKG) system in which the interface was linear/ nondispersive on one side and nonlinear/ dispersive on the other. In this paper, we assume a nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) system in which the core is assumed to have a Sellmeier-type material dispersion and an n2-type quadratic refractive index nonlinearity. The cladding is made similarly nonlinear but nondispersive for simplicity. By numerical simulations that accommodate exact soliton pulses, the nature of the reflected soliton pulses is examined for variable angles of incidence and for dispersion and nonlinearity parameters. We report here the formation of self-phase modulations on the low-amplitude regions of the propagating pulse, as well as possible phase modulation (resembling the narrowband FM channel analytically derived in Ref. 1) in portions of the reflected pulse. The propagation velocities and amplitudes of the modulations and the carrier are also numerically estimated and are compared with available theory. The case of discrete, incommensurate sidebands is also tested.


The present invention wherein the internal electric field initiates a wall polarization observation system and a method for making low optical device. The present invention is the irradiation of the irradiation light source in advance in a predetermined direction; Signal generating unit for generating an electrical signal of known waveform; Signal control unit for controlling an electrical signal such that the predetermined electrical signal generated in a predetermined time unit; And positioned on the flow of the irradiation to enable the observation of the polled sample light source, a sample support portion for applying an electric signal to the sample; Characterized in that it comprises and observing the pattern according to the polarization wall of the sample, and in consideration of the measured minute peak polarization in the form of a wall, the moving distance of the polarization wall, and the polarization wall moving speed of the at least one polarization wall observed to measure the portion of the It provides a polarized wall observation system of. According to the invention, wherein the internal electric field can be clearly observed in real time, the polarization reversal process for any ferroelectric optical single crystal is low. In addition, it can be prepared a wavelength conversion element for the phase-matching element and a laser wavelength conversion efficiency of the quasi-high display through. Wall polarization observation, polarization reversal, liquid electrode, ferroelectric, lithium niobate, MgSLN (Mg-doped Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate), quasi-phase matching (Quasi Phase Matching), polling (electronical poling), the optical element


The full pore size distribution represents the integrated characteristics of micro‐nano pore‐throat systems in tight reservoirs. And it involves experiments of different scales to fully analyze the microscope properties. In this paper, we established a new approach for full pore size characterization through conducting the high‐pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI) experiments and low‐temperature nitrogen gas adsorption (LTN2GA) experiments. Meanwhile, we studied the petrology feature of the tight sandstones through X‐ray diffraction (X‐rD) and TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA). Then, we investigated the HPMI capillary pressure curves and pore size distribution characteristics, as well as the adsorption‐desorption isotherms features and BET‐specific surface area. Finally, the BJH, non‐local density functional theory (NLDFT) and the quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) are contrasted for analyzing the adsorption and pore size distribution characteristics. The HPMI method characterizes the macropores distribution accurately, and the micro/mesopores take up of 14.47% of the total pore spaces. The physisorption isotherms take on the combining shape of type II and IV(a), and the hysteresis loops are like type H3 combined with H4. The BET‐specific surface area is inversely proportional to permeability, and the constant of adsorption heat shows consistence with the analysis results of mineral content. QSDFT can characterize the pore size distribution of micro/mesopores more accurately than the BJH, HPMI, and NLDFT method. By combining the pores narrower than 34 nm calculated from QSDFT method and pores larger than 34 nm calculated from HPMI data with mercury intrusion pressure lower than 42.65 MPa, the full pore size distribution features of tight sandstones are accurately characterized. The micro/mesopores from the new combination method are 3.72% more than that calculated from the HPMI data, and it is of great significance for the accurate pore distribution evaluation and development of tight reservoirs.


This study aims to test and provide empirical evidence of: 1) the effect of Financial leverage on corporate social responsibility. 2) the effect on company size on corporate social responsibility. This research is causative.the population 25 company manufactured in BEI. The  type of data is the secondary data research. Methods of sample collection is using purposive sampling method. Data analysis techniques is using multiple linear regression. The result of this study indicate: 1) financial leverage does not have significant positive effect on corporate social responsibility. 2) company size do have significant positive effect on corporate social responsibility. Suggestion for this study include: 1) for companys management the more attention  level of corporate social responsibility be able the  effect investor decree. 2) for the next researcher of the adding sample and time is period research, adding other variables example profile, profitabilitas, board of comisioner size, company age and had better the measuring scale of corporate social responsibility is using linkert scale. Keyword : Financial Leverage, Company Size, Corporate Social Responsibility


There are two approach to demonstrate experiments of wide area distributed appliactions. One is to demonstrate in virtual environments that emulate wide area distributed environments. The other is to demonstrate in real environments that consists of geographically wide are distributed computing resources and communication lines. Although the real environment can be persuasive to evaluate the experiments, the cost to install the environment can not be negligible. This paper shows a design and operational costs of a real wide area distributed environments with 11 domestic regions and one international region.


The oxygen permeated through the film made by a polyurethane (PU) ionomer is demonstrated to be a siloxane-based polyurethane ionomer by infrared spectra. For siloxane-based polyurethane ionomer molecules in an aqueous solution, the surface tension was found to decrease slightly with an increase in the concentration of dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDCS) but to increase slightly with an increase in the ratio of NCO to OH. Owing to the increased phase volume of siloxane-based polyurethane ionomer molecules resulting from the hydrogen bonding effect and/or intermolecular interaction in the aqueous solution, the number-average particle sizes of these ionomer molecules increase considerably with an increase in the DMDCS concentration and the NCO/OH ratio, respectively. More importantly, the volume of the oxygen permeated through the film was found to be larger for the film made by the PU ionomer molecule with 0.02% (by weight) DMDCS than for the film made by the PU ionomer molecule without DMDCS. Our experimental results also suggest that the use of DMDCS in preparing siloxane-based polyurethane ionomers does substantially raise the amount of oxygen diffusing into the film made by these ionomer molecules. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 981–988, 1997


We present a new model for computing consistently the line and continuum emission from galaxies, based on a combination of recent population synthesis and photoionization codes. We use effective parameters to describe the H ii regions and the diffuse gas ionized by single stellar generations in a galaxy, among which the most important ones are the zero-age effective ionization parameter, the effective gas metallicity and the effective dust-to-heavy element ratio. We calibrate the nebular properties of our model using the observed [O iii]/Hβ, [O ii]/[O iii], [S ii]/Hα and [N ii]/[S ii] ratios of a representative sample of nearby spiral and irregular, starburst and H ii galaxies. To compute whole (line plus continuum) spectral energy distributions, we include the absorption by dust in the neutral interstellar medium (ISM) using a recent simple prescription, which is consistent with observations of nearby starburst galaxies. Our model enables us to interpret quantitatively the observed optical spectra of galaxies in terms of stars, gas and dust parameters. We find that the range of ionized-gas properties spanned by nearby galaxies implies factors of 3.5 and 14 variations in the Hα and [O ii] luminosities produced per unit star formation rate (SFR). When accounting for stellar Hα absorption and absorption by dust in the neutral ISM, the actual uncertainties in SFR estimates based on the emergent Hα and [O ii] luminosities are as high as several decades. We derive new estimators of the SFR, the gas-phase oxygen abundance and the effective absorption optical depth of the dust in galaxies. We show that, with the help of other lines such as [O ii], Hβ, [O iii], [N ii] or [S ii], the uncertainties in SFR estimates based on Hα can be reduced to a factor of only 2–3, even if the Hα line is blended with the adjacent [N ii] lines. Without Hα, however, the SFR is difficult to estimate from the [O ii], Hβ and [O iii] lines. The reason for this is that the absorption by dust in the neutral ISM and the ionized-gas parameters are then difficult to constrain independently. This suggests that, while insufficient by itself, the Hα line is essential for estimating the star formation rate from the optical emission of a galaxy.


The hand blood flows of Norwegian Lapps and North Norwegian fishermen were compared with those of a group of control subjects to determine whether habituation to cold alters the local vascular resp...


Cycling economy is a new global development trend in the turning of the new century,it is also an important approach to deepen sustainable development.This paper introduces the concept of cycling economy,directing against the current situation of our economic development and position and function of mining industry in economic development,points out that mining industry should make corresponding measure and countermeasure in the development of cycling economy.For the cycling economy,the model of economy development is explored in this paper.The channel of development and utilization of mine resource is quantitatively analyzed.For the special characteristics of mining,this paper determines the model of mining resources development and utilization on the three aspects of enterprise,industrial garden and district,put forward relevant industrial policy.


Secondary malignant transformation of a solitary enchondroma into a chondrosarcoma is extremely rare. We report a case of such transformation in anenchondroma of the distal phalanx of a toe.


Modeling and simulating accumulated experience for the application of motorcycle's electro-hydraulic servo road simulation system. The mathematical model was built in respect to the system's controlling features and its actual parameters. The simulation met the actual requirements according to the analysis of the system's closed loop frequency characteristic. We designed PID controller based on the Matlab/Simulink to control the system in simulation. The precision meets the request of the road status and the system enables the stochastic waveform to reappear.


AbstractArchaeological conservation has received little support or recognition from some archaeologists in the United States. This paper examines the relationship between archaeology and conservation by looking at the historical development of both fields in Great Britain and the United States. British prehistoric archaeology and American classical archaeology have generally supported conservation, while American anthropological archaeology has had little contact with or interest in the conservation field. Understanding the history and theoretical perspective of each of these fields of archaeology could help in developing better professional interaction between archaeology and conservation.