Vertical dropshafts with tangential intake structures are often used in urban drainage systems to route surface flow into underground systems. Vortex flow driven by a tangential inlet is the typical flow pattern in the vertical dropshaft. However, analytical solutions of the key hydraulic transition from chute flow to vortex flow have not been investigated, and theoretical guidelines of the vortex dropshaft are not available. In the present study, a series of theoretical analytical solutions are proposed to determine the circumferential flow generated at the vertical dropshaft inlet. The contraction ratio of the tapering chute, dropshaft size, and flow depth at the joint section determine the vortex flow performance in the vertical dropshaft. Based on the free surface drop height, theoretical criteria are proposed to describe the spiral movement intensity in the vertical dropshaft. Systemic experiments for different vortex dropshaft models are tested, and the experimental observations agree with the theoretical analysis. The present investigation provides a general reference for a tangential dropshaft inlet design that can smoothly route rotational flow down a vertical dropshaft.


Objective To investigate the tendency of bacterial distribution and resistance of hospital infections.Methods Bacteria isolated from patients in our hospital were identified and bacterial susceptibility tests were performed.Results A total of 1521 pathogens strains were isolated,among them 255 strains were(16.77%).The most common pathogens of them were Staphylococcus.In our data,no vancomycin resistant S.aureus were isolated.There were 1266 strains of Gram-negative bacilli(83.23%),the most common pathogens of them were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.The highest susceptible to Gram-negative bacilli was carbapenem.Conclusion Drug resistance of the nosocomial infection bacteria is a serious problem.It is important and urgent to carry out surveillance of bacterial resistance for appropriate using of antibiotics and effective controlling nosocomial infections.


A 55-year-old postmenopausal lady was presented with recurrent carcinoma of ovary. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen was performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, showing retroaortic left renal vein and precaval right renal artery, along with the resolution of previous vaginal vault lesion. The intraoperative findings revealed a peritoneal carcinomatosis index of 3, according to an incidental deposit found on the vaginal vault infiltrating into the rectum. During retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, as part of the procedures in cytoreduction, aberrant renal vessels were identified. A complete clearance was done safeguarding the vessels as seen in the intraoperative image.


Blends of isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) and trans-polyoctenylene (TOR), prepared from solution, exhibit unexpected mechanical properties at specific mass fractions of TOR: While generally the elastic modulus E decreases continuously with increasing TOR content, it surpasses a maximum for mass fractions of TOR around 0,10. The reason for this behaviour is investigated. It turns out that the crystallinity as well as the crystal morphology (which is investigated by evaluating small-angle X-ray scattering by interface distribution functions) does not explain the mechanical behaviour. The order of the lamellar stacks (number of orientation-correlated crystals) proves to be well correlated with the course of the elastic modulus. This order is a consequence of the increasing dispersion of TOR at mass fractions between 0,075 and 0,20 creating interfaces and infecting subsequently the crystallization conditions in the sample.


Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Muhammad Humayun Name of the doctoral dissertation Demand Response Benefits for Major Assets of High Voltage Distribution Systems: Capacity Gain and Life Management Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 188/2015 Field of research Power Systems and High Voltage Engineering Manuscript submitted 16 July 2015 Date of the defence 4 December 2015 Permission to publish granted (date) 30 October 2015 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Abstract Power systems require an adequate capacity and higher utilization efficiency for an economic and reliable supply of electricity. However, their utilization efficiency is ordinary owing to low load factor and reserve capacity needs. Moreover, the growth of electricity demand and aging infrastructure call for massive investments in form of expansions and replacements. Therefore, the power industry is searching for novel solutions to deal with the future needs. Demand response (DR), a load shaping tool in smart grids, can be a potential solution to the future needs. The aim of the dissertation is to assess the DR benefits of capacity utilization gain and better life management for major assets of high voltage grid. The study focuses on subtransmission grids because they have captured least attention in the prior research. Primary substation transformers have given special attention here due to their vital position in the system and high component cost. The aim of the dissertation is further divided into three tasks in order to distinguish the DR benefit among phases of operations and planning and various components. The first task proposes optimization models for utilization gain and life management of transformers by DR during normal and contingency operations. The second task offers tools for optimal capacity planning of transformers in primary distribution substations with and without considering DR. These tools incorporate all transformer related costs, their failure rate increase with age, and their salvage value based on loss-of-life. The third task determines the potential of DR in mitigating the redundancy needs of lines/cables, transformers, and busbars by comparing outage cost due to their contingencies. The simulations are performed using the developed models for typical Finnish systems. The results indicate the following notable deductions. The utilization efficiency of grid components can be substantially improved using DR that depends upon load shape and its DR capability. Also, DR offers significant better life management potential for transformers during both normal and contingency operations. Moreover, the employment of DR along with remote switching of load transfer between substations provides superior savings in transformer capacity planning as compared to that of manual load shifting. Furthermore, the optimal decisions of DR activations are essential in order to gain the intended DR benefits at a minimal expense. The power system utilities can use the models of this dissertation for making decisions of DR deployments. These deployments will be helpful in delaying or eliminating the capacity investments. Moreover, the tools of the second task will help asset managers for taking optimal planning decisions of transformer ratings and their replacement and maintenance schedules.


Engineering practice employs design teams. In an experiential learning process the separate learning cycles of team members are linked. Capable designers have to be trained at universities. The paper focuses on civil engineering design education at Delft University of Technology. The CE design projects provide a major input in the training of students, but two main concerns have been identified. First, the learning environment of projects and courses differ. Second, learning a well-defined design approach is not sufficient to become a successful designer. To gather insight in the activities of students in their projects, a small pilot research project was set up.


A binary mixture saturating a horizontal porous layer, with large pores and uniformly heated from below, is considered. The instability of a vertical fluid motion (throughflow) when the layer is salted by one salt (either from above or from below) is analyzed. Ultimately boundedness of solutions is proved, via the existence of positively invariant and attractive sets (i.e. absorbing sets). The critical Rayleigh numbers at which steady or oscillatory instability occurs are recovered. Sufficient conditions guaranteeing that a secondary steady motion or a secondary oscillatory motion can be observed after the loss of stability are found. When the layer is salted from above, a condition guaranteeing the occurrence of "cold" instability is determined. Finally, the influence of the velocity module on the increasing/decreasing of the instability thresholds is investigated.


"Extraordinary conditions: Culture and Experience in Mental Illness" is a book dedicated to reflecting on culture and experience of the disease. The book consists of a set of articles by anthropologist Janis H. Jenkins, a professor at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), which are the result of a long history dedicated to research on mental health from anthropology. The book is divided into two parts, "Psychosis, psychopharmacology, and families" and "Violence, trauma, and depression", each containing three articles, written at different times in the author's trajectory.


Engineering needs tools and concepts support to produce the systems as much as possible with good quality. To improve the tasks and make confidence in system development the 'Reuse' concept will be applied. To reuse the existing patterns or program elements such as components those should be organized in a well designed manner to reduce the time and stress for finding suitable 'Reusable Element' to integrate in the new system development. Here the proposed concept 'Stability Based Clustering' method is focusing on 'Stability' metric of component(s) and 'Clustering Analysis' of Data Mining. Using this, only stable component(s) are organized as 'Reusable Component' and with exterior details in 'Reuse Repository'. Searching time of finding a Reusable Component may be reduced to some extent and reduce stress on People side.


Biological legacies left by natural disturbances provide ecological functions throughout forest stand development, but their influences on processes of ecological suc- cession are not completely understood. We investigated the successional role of one type of biological legacy: remnant old-growth trees persisting in mature Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. We tested the hypothesis that remnant old-growth Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock) and Thuja plicata (western red cedar) trees enhance the reestablishment of shade-tolerant conifers by increasing the availability of seed. Reestablishment of shade-tolerant conifers is a key process in late-successional forest development because it leads to vertical differentiation of the canopy and eventual codominance of shade-tolerant species. Two study areas were selected in the southern Washington Cascade Range, USA. Both had an unfragmented, mature forest cover that was regenerated naturally following wildfire. Twelve study sites were selected, including sites with and without remnant T. plicata and T. heterophylla. Overstory structure and com- position, microsite variables, and conifer regeneration were systematically sampled using nested belt transects and quadrats. Sites with remnant T. heterophylla and T. plicata had significantly higher densities of conspecific seedlings. Multivariate analyses showed rem- nant T. heterophylla and T. plicata presence and density to be the strongest predictors of seedling densities, although the basal area of mature conspecific trees, relative density, aspect, stand age, and microsite characteristics were important secondary predictors. Mi- crosite variations explained regeneration patchiness. Seedling densities were strongly cor- related with proximity to remnant trees, exhibiting a negative exponential decline with distance. Shade-tolerant conifers are likely to reestablish faster at sites with remnant seed trees, but canopy disturbances are probably necessary for subsequent height growth. Rem- nant shade-tolerant conifers are an important biological legacy and seed source influencing rates of ecological succession in mature P. menziesii stands. Successional and stand de- velopment models should explicitly incorporate this dynamic.


Patients with a continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD) require anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist to prevent thromboembolic events. Fluctuations in the international normalized ratio are associated with both increased thrombotic and bleeding episodes. To date, risk factors for low time in therapeutic range (TTR) among ambulatory patients with a CF‐LVAD have not been explored.


Better economy is always greater concern of every country, for this concern there is greater role of industry especially the glass industry. It is very important to assess the risk faced by glass industry and provide some solutions. This research is done to analyze the financial distress in glass industry, the secondary data from 2011-2015 was taken and used Altman's Z score to find out the research results. The research results showed that the glass industry faced financial distress due to unstable political conditions. This research will helpful for allied industries and managers to revise their business strategies to maximize the market shares. Keywords: Financial Distress, Political Setup, Prediction, Policies


The greater deformation of roof rock stratum of gob-side entry retaining results in difficulties in obtaining effective control by single support technique.In response to the challenge,this paper proposes a comprehensive support technology of gob-side entry retaining,based on the actual conditions of right No.2 work face west first mine section 42 # coal seam the Xinfa coal mine.This technique consists of adding two anchor ropes and one anchor bolt between the original bolting anchor to strengthen support,assembling a stone wall in on the next lane behind working face,and providing the support,and drilling above the top stone wall roof to reduce influence of gob roof collapse on next lane roof.The technique,capable of a better practical effect and lower cost,promises to come into a wide use.


New York, Nov. 2, 1908. To the Editor: —Your editorial in regard to the danger from absorption of nitrites in the administration of large doses of bismuth subnitrate is very much to the point. To obviate this danger I have been employing the hydrated bismuth oxid for the past year with good results. The ingestion of this compound results in bismuth and water after passing into the intestines and is harmless even in large doses such as are required for Roentgenologic work.


Partial discharge tests are used to evaluate the condition of the electrical insulation in motor and generator stator windings rated 6 kV or more. It has been generally believed that such testing for stator windings rated 4 kV or lower is not worthwhile. This paper presents results that indicate that some 4 kV motors do not have partial discharges when tested at rated voltage. However, if the motor stator insulation is significantly degraded, partial discharges are measured at operating voltage. Preliminary observation suggests that only a few months warning may be given to indicate that the stator winding may be close to failure. Therefore, it appears that partial discharge tests on 4 kV motors at the rated line-to-ground voltage of 2.3 kV can be useful for identifying stator windings close to failure. Identifying these stator windings enables 4 kV motor user's to remove motors from operation before catastrophic failure occurs.


To study local structures in proteins, we previously developed an autoassociative artificial neural network (autoANN) and clustering tool to discover intrinsic features of macromolecular structures. The hidden unit activations computed by the trained autoANN are a convenient low‐dimensional encoding of the local protein backbone structure. Clustering these activation vectors results in a unique classification of protein local structural features called Structural Building Blocks (SBBs). Here we describe application of this method to a larger database of proteins, verification of the applicability of this method to structure classification, and subsequent analysis of amino acid frequencies and several commonly occurring patterns of SBBs. The SBB classification method has several interesting properties: 1) it identifies the regular secondary structures, α helix and β strand; 2) it consistently identifies other local structure features (e.g., helix caps and strand caps); 3) strong amino acid preferences are revealed at some positions in some SBBs; and 4) distinct patterns of SBBs occur in the "random coil" regions of proteins. Analysis of these patterns identifies interesting structural motifs in the protein backbone structure, indicating that SBBs can be used as "building blocks" in the analysis of protein structure. This type of pattern analysis should increase our understanding of the relationship between protein sequence and local structure, especially in the prediction of protein structures. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Accurate rating of transformers is one of the most important elements in the problem of providing continuous service to the customers of the utility industry. Rather than attempt to follow a general rule for the loading of transformers it is believed that the urgency of wartime needs amply justifies the effort required to place individual ratings on each transformer bank of the utility under consideration. Experience has shown that such ratings vary widely. The transformers cover a wide range of sizes, designs, manufacturers, and periods of manufacture; with weights per kilovolt-ampere ranging from 7 to 20 pounds, excitation voltages ranging from 95 to 110 per cent, their daily load factors from 25 to 100 per cent, and their seasonal loading from 0 to 100 per cent. The consequent saving of "critical" material is self-evident when each case is considered individually.


Powders of the zinc and copper(II) dimethyl- (MDtc), diethyl- (EDtc), and morpholinedithiocarhamate (MfDtc) complexes quantitatively absorb hexamethyleneimine (Hmi) to produce the adducts [M{NH(CH 2 ) 6 }(S 2 CNR 2 ) 2 ] (M = Zn, Cu; R = CH 3 , C 2 H 5 ; R 2 = (CH 2 ) 4 O). The heterogeneous reaction of adduct formation is accompanied by dissociation of the binuclear molecules [M 2 (Dtc) 4 ] of the initial dithiocarbamate complexes. Computer-aided simulation of EPR spectra for the copper(II) adducts shows that they are individual. The coordination polyhedron of copper in these compounds is intermediate between a trigonal bipyramid (TBP) and a square pyramid (SP). Based on EPR data, the TBP contribution is quantitatively estimated. 1 3 C and 1 5 N NMR shows that the MDtc and EDtc ligands in the adducts are structurally nonequivalent, whereas the MfDtc ligands are structurally equivalent. The 1 5 N isotropic chemical shifts of the dithiocarbamate groups depend on alkyl substituents at the nitrogen atom.


* Introduction * 1. Humanizing Security? * 2. Global Governance or Global Hegemony? * 3. A New 'Nebuleuse'? * 4. Neoliberalism, Water and Sanitation * 5. Social Reconstruction and World Bank Policy * 6. Norms and Change * Conclusion


7100 Background: Poor peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization has been reported as an obstacle to autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Plerixafor (AMD3100) has been recently approved as a mobilization agent for PBSC in the setting of ASCT.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the data on patients who received plerixafor in our institution over two-year period. Four lymphoma patients received the drug in their first cycle of mobilization and 17 patients (hard to mobilize, HTM) as a rescue after failing to achieve cell target using G-CSF alone. These patients include 8 multiple myeloma (MM) and 9 lymphoma patients. A control group of 26 randomly picked MM and lymphoma patients who were good mobilizers and received ASCT during the same period were used for comparison.

RESULTS
Sixteen of the 17 HTM patients proceeded to ASCT with median CD34+ cell dose of 3.68 X 106/kg (range, 1.88-5.01 X 106), and two of them had tandem transplants. All MM patients achieved minimum cell dose for two ASCTs. One MM patient died of progressive disease prior to ASCT. In comparison to the control group, plerixafor patients tended to have lower median CD34+ cell dose/kg collected and higher number of apheresis days, however the content of CFU-GM/kg on 1st day of apheresis was either equal or higher in the plerixafor group versus the control. The length of hospital stay, number of serious bacterial infection, time to granulocyte engraftment (AGC > 500) and long-term hematopoietic recovery at ≥ 12 mo post ASCT were not different among the two groups. Time to platelet recovery > 20,000/mm3 was similar for the MM patients, while more delayed for the plerixafor mobilized lymphoma patients (24 versus 12 days in the control group). One lymphoma patient in the control died of transplant-related complications before engraftment and none in the plerixafor group. Disease relapse at 12 months post ASCT was 0 and 10 % for plerixafor and control MM patients, respectively, and 46 and 20 % for lymphoma patients. However, the overall survival for both groups was not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS
all poor mobilizers were able to obtain adequate transplant CD34+ cell dose by using plerixafor and G-CSF. In general, patients mobilized with plerixafor had similar post transplant course and long-term outcome. [Table: see text].


GPCRs (G-protein [guanine nucleotide-binding protein]–coupled receptors) play a central physiological role in the regulation of cardiac function in both health and disease and thus represent one of the largest class of surface receptors targeted by drugs. Several antagonists of GPCRs, such as &bgr;ARs (&bgr;-adrenergic receptors) and Ang II (angiotensin II) receptors, are now considered standard of therapy for a wide range of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. Although the mechanism of action for GPCRs was thought to be largely worked out in the 80s and 90s, recent discoveries have brought to the fore new and previously unappreciated mechanisms for GPCR activation and subsequent downstream signaling. In this review, we focus on GPCRs most relevant to the cardiovascular system and discuss traditional components of GPCR signaling and highlight evolving concepts in the field, such as ligand bias, &bgr;-arrestin–mediated signaling, and conformational heterogeneity.


When does the body become a sign? By studying the importance of social norms in our understandings of gender and bodies, an argument can be made that mental processes (inner signs) are results of perpetual negociations with the world outside (outer signs). In some cases thus, gender is not perceived to coincide with the body and therefore certain bodily parts may be conceived as signs.


RESUME: L'objectif de cette etude est d'ameliorer la qualite produite par l'ebavurage des pieces de tourbillon d'air. Ces pieces de haute precision sont habituellement ebavurees de facon manuelle par un humain. Comme premiere etape vers l'amelioration de ces ebavurages, l'analyse des causes fondamentales a ete realisee. Puis les conditions actuelles des pieces ont ete etudiees par des experiences utilisant la methode de Taguchi. L'analyse de la variance a ete menee sur les donnees recueillies pour illustrer la significativite des facteurs des plans d'experiences et de leur contribution. La formation de bavures sur les pieces a ete etudiee, trois regions principales ont ete analysees. Le modele cyclique de formation de bavures a ete observe a l'etat d'equilibre de la formation de bavures. L'amelioration du profil de bavure a ete realisee suivant deux methodes : 1) le liquide de refroidissement a travers les trous d'huile du foret et 2) en position verticale du percage. Le procede d'ebavurage avec des abrasifs magnetiques a ete evalue comme une alternative possible pour l'ebavurage manuel. Les echantillons ont ete traites sous deux conditions : 1) pas de preparation en sortie de trou apres percage et 2) sortie de trou preparee. Les echantillons dont leurs arretes (sorties de trou) ont ete preparees, ont montre une amelioration significative en terme de regularite.----------ABSTRACT: This study is about improving the deburring consistency of air-swirlers. The parts are high precision critical components of hot section of aircraft engine, which have key role in stabilizing the combustion flames via providing turbulent air-fuel mixture for the combustion chamber. The product needs to meet high standards including edge quality and surface finish. These small in process parts are deburred manually due to their size, complex geometry, restricted access and adjacent critical surfaces to the edges.
The title of the research was selected through investigations, cost estimation and prioritization of deburring issues within Pratt and Whitney Canada.
In order to tackle the issue, a comprehensive study was conducted on state of the parts. The investigation aimed to lay a basis of comparison to evaluate the further improvement approaches. The parts were investigated through experiments, designed based on Taguchi method. For designing the experiments, root cause and fault tree analysis was performed first. Then the preliminary experiments were employed to define the level of affecting parameters. The designed experiments were conducted on four different in process parts. The data was analyzed using STATISTICA software. Based on the results, the areas, which required further investigation, were identified and feasible improvement strategies were proposed.
The complementary experiments comprise two main topics: burr control and alternative deburring process.
In order to improve the burr characteristics of the parts, burr formation study was conducted. The parts were assessed during various manufacturing cycles. Burr formation pattern was identified on the parts. Based on observation it was concluded that the pattern could be attributed to the temporary degradation of tool properties due to elevated temperature cutting during short time intervals. Hence, the temperature of the cutting tool was measured during production via thermal sensors. With respect to validation of hypothesis two main strategies were proposed in order to provide proper and homogenous cooling to reduce the tool temperature during the cut: Coolant thru design drill and vertical position for production. Both approaches revealed significant results. The burr height decreased and burr profile improved using both methods.


This article analyzes the beliefs and behaviors regarding gender roles of eight Portuguese youngsters and seven seniors. Our aim is to understand how individuals from different generations and sexes perceive gender roles and well-being, and how they manifest themselves. After semi-structured individual interviews, we used thematic analysis method, applying N-Vivo 12 software. Findings emphasize that, despite an expressed gender equality ideal, women tend to feel overloaded at home in trying to balance work and family tasks. Men seem to have greater domestic and labor power than women. Women express greater well-being when domestic duties are shared and when they perceive they are receiving support. Men simultaneously associate the experiences of sharing domestic duties and contributing less with well-being. Hardships of work-family balance were identified by diverse participants, from different sexes and ages, as a sign of lack of well-being.


Introduction There is a continuing need to improve the collaborative efforts of teachers and counselors in elementary and middle school classrooms. This need is manifested in a shortage of qualified teachers and counselors who have training or experience in Social and Emotional Competency (SEC) education, a model that encourages collaborative planning, teaching, and counseling between teachers and counselors. Several national organizations have expressed their support for SEC education and the integration of social and emotional competencies into school curricula (ASCA, NAESP, 1991). NAEYC (1991), the Carnegie Forum (1986), and NAESP (1990) expressed concern about school practices and the need for change. NAEYC (1993) recommended a "radical shift of emphasis from a focus on content delivery to a focus on the child as a learner." In 1996 and 1997, President Clinton, in his State of the Union addresses, issued a challenge to schools to include social and emotional competence education in the education of every child. For an effective SEC program to be implemented, the educational community must first obtain and assess information regarding teachers and counselors attitudes toward collaborative teaching and planning, methods of facilitation, and the roles of teachers and counselors. The purpose of this research is to describe the attitudes of a random sample of teachers and counselors regarding the collaborative teaching of social and emotional competency skills in grades 1-8 and the perceived barriers and aids to such collaboration in order to define the current status of collaborative endeavors in the public schools, particularly in grades 1-8. Demographics In a survey of 500 school counselors and teachers, 49% teachers and 51% counselors responded. The majority of respondents were female, 88% of the teachers and 86% of the counselors. The age range was 21 to over 51 years, with 45% of the teachers and 37% of the counselors being in the 40-49 years age range. Ethnic origin of the respondents was approximately 3/4 European-American with the other 1/4 of respondents indicating African American, Hispanic, Asian, or Native American. The majority of teachers indicated that they held a Bachelor's degree and the majority of counselors indicated a Master's degree as the highest educational degree obtained. Years of professional experience for teachers and counselors ranged from one to over 20 with their current school levels ranging from grades 1 through 8 including Special Education and Resource classes. Social and Emotional Competency (SEC) In order to ensure that teachers and counselors were in agreement regarding content taught as part of SEC, Goleman's (1995) definition of SEC skills as "a different way of being smart" was used for purposes of this study. These skills, which Goleman classified as emotional skills, cognitive skills, and behavioral skills, enable a person to "understand, manage, and express the social and emotional aspects of one's life in ways that enable the successful management of life tasks such as learning, forming relationships, solving everyday problems, and adapting to the complex demands of growth and development" (ASCD, 1997, 2). Emotional skills, which are primarily related to feelings, were categorized as identifying and labeling feelings, expressing feelings, assessing the intensity of feelings, managing feelings, delaying gratification, controlling impulses, reducing stress, and knowing the difference between feelings and actions. These skills were clearly differentiated from the cognitive skills, which are related to thoughts and understanding. Cognitive skills were stated to include self-talk (inner dialogue), reading and interpreting social cues, using steps for problem solving and decision making, understanding the perspective of others, understanding behavioral norms, a positive attitude toward life, and self awareness. …


This study deals with some policy-improvement issues for strengthening the global competitiveness of the fundamental manufacturing industry (Ppuri Industry). We focus on technological competitiveness, among others. First, we review the concept and current state of the fundamental manufacturing industry in Korea. We then review and evaluate the progress of fundamental manufacturing industry-support policies and works, and examine the first promotion basic plan and the 2013 promotion action plan for the fundamental manufacturing industry. Based on these, we suggest the following four policy-improvement issues. First, it should be clarified what the term "fundamental manufacturing enterprise" imply, when used by the government, in particular. Second, the policy target group should be expanded to include medium enterprises. Third, the designated requisites for the fundamental manufacturing technology-specialized enterprise should be rather relaxed. Lastly, the policy should support the establishment of the foundation for the accompanied growth in the fundamental manufacturing industry.


How did giant black holes grow so big? Astronomers have long had evidence of baby black holes with masses of no more than tens of suns, and of million- or billion-solar-mass behemoths lurking at the centers of galaxies. But middle-size ones, weighing thousands or tens of thousands of suns, seemed to be missing. Their absence forced theorists to propose that supermassive black holes didn9t grow gradually by slowly consuming matter, but somehow emerged as ready-made giants. Now, astronomers appear to have located some missing middleweights. An international team has scoured an archive of galaxy spectra and found more than 300 small galaxies that have the signature of intermediate mass black holes in their cores, opening new questions for theorists.


The signatures of Majorana zero-energy mode leaking into a spin-charge entangled double quantum dot are investigated theoretically in the strong electron correlation regime. The considered setup consists of two capacitively coupled quantum dots attached to external contacts and sideattached to topological superconducting wire hosting Majorana quasiparticles. We show that the presence of Majorana mode gives rise to unique features in the local density of states in the SU(4) Kondo regime. Moreover, it greatly modifies the gate voltage dependence of the linear conductance, leading to fractional values of the conductance. We also analyze the effect of a finite length of topological wire and demonstrate that non-zero overlap of Majorana modes at the ends of the wire is revealed in local extrema present in the local density of states of the dot coupled directly to the wire. The calculations are performed with the aid of the numerical renormalization group method.


dysfunction and insulin resistance; most importantly in hepatocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes. Type 2 diabetes is well known to be a progressive disorder characterized by deteriorating capacity for insulin release and action. Both defects are recognizable early on and present even in non-diabetic offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there is general consensus that insulin sensitivity is impaired early, whereas worsening of hyperglycemia over time is related to β-cell dysfunction. Hence, insulin resistance in obesity is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes; the major reasons include fatty acid delivery to the liver (especially from intra-abdominal fat) and other organs and adipose tissue release of inflammatory cytokines and peptides that impair insulin signaling and islet insulin secretion. At cellular and molecular levels the pathogenesis of diabetes becomes far more complex. Here, the focus will be on the role of mitochondria and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mediating the general mechanisms.


The method of device calculations to generate high-frequency transverse vibrations of the electrode wire is developed. The possibility of reducing of the depth of penetration and share of the base metal in the joint while maintaining the stability and performance indicators of the process of deposition is shown.


This chapter presents an account of Lucretian metaphor as it relates to readerly experience. After discussing the inherent instability of Lucretian metaphor, and the challenges of control it poses, the chapter undertakes two brief case studies of metaphorical schemes in the poem: the first deals with Lucretius' metaphorical presentation of philosophy as conquest, and connects it to the calqued metaphor of the animi iniectus; the second concerns Lucretius' use of perceptual language to refer to non-perceptual cognitive processes. It then turns to questions of ethics and aesthetics, to argue for the importance of readerly pleasure in explaining the schemes of atomic personification in DRN. The rest of the chapter deals with the difficult question of control: how Lucretius seeks to exert control over the reception of his metaphors, and what happens when readers disobey him; this latter question is addressed via an account of Lucretian metaphor and misprision in a lyric poem of Boethius.


This study investigated the occurrence of residues derived animals produced during the process of slaughter and the subsequent channels of processing those residues derived animals; the status of recycling of these residues derived animals by recycling business is investigated to utilize the results as the basic data for management purposes. At present, animal slaughter is highly specialized and the residues derived animals obtained from the slaughter of animals are separated and dissected into different parts to serve as fodder and residual compost. Some of the residues derived animals obtained from slaughter, which are edible are utilized for edible purposes and those parts which are not edible such as horns, claws, fats etc. are confirmed to be recycled. Poultry residues derived animals are mostly recycled as single-component feed, used as original forms, residual compost whereas fish remains are recycled mostly as singlecomponent feed etc. Most of the companies that recycle residues derived animals are situated in provinces such as Jeollanamdo, Jeollabukdo, Gyeongsangnamdo, Gyeongsangbukdo, where many of the slaughterhouses are located. And many of these recylcing business find themselves in the vicinity of these slaughterhouse. Majority of these slaughterhouse are capable of processing residues derived animals in the range of 10~60 ton/day, which is quite small in terms of processing capacity. The problem encountered in the recycling of the residues derived animals is 동물성잔재물의발생경로및재활용업체의재할용실태에대한조사 Corresponding author: email@example.com 동물성 잔재물의 발생경로 및 재활용업체의 재할용 실태에 대한 조사 81 원저


As support materials of integrated circuits, lead frame is the key structural components to the formation of the electrical circuits, played a role in the internal and external wire connections. As one of the commonly used lead frames at present, 5-8μm copper plating layer above of FeNi42 alloy often been found deep red color after chip welding. Aiming at this phenomenon, this paper collected large color change point for a long time, adopted the method of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersal spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, classified the discoloration point on the basis of before work, and conducted laboratory simulation aimed at a kind of discoloration caused by a special petal-shaped clusters morphology. Result shows that the alkali and (CN) - in electroplating solution can absorb carbon dioxide to produce carbonate crystals coating on the surface of the crystal, which shows the deep red color point on the macro after the process of high temperature welding chip.


Metformin hydrochloride (500mg) was formulated as sustained release (SR) tablet using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M, HPMC K100M and xanthan gum as sustaining materials in various proportions separately. Thus, ten formulations were prepared and one commercial SR tablet was compared with fabricated SR tablets. Three fabricated formulations, one from all three sustaining materials used, were found close to commercial SR tablet during invitro release characteristics. The treatment of dissolution data for zero-order, first-order and Higuchi's square root of time equations showed that the three fabricated tablet formulations were close to one commercial tablet formulation and provided first order drug release profiles. These three fabricated SR matrix tablets were found stable in release profile for 2 months stability study at 40°C/75% relative humidity (RH).


FIELD: information technologies. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to data transmission, specifically to effective cryptographic data transmission in real-time security protocol. Transmitting terminal can be used for data decoding with session key received from bitstream. Bitstream can be transmitted with head information to transmitting terminal. To maintain bandwidth the information can be divided into parts, and each part is transmitted with encrypted data package. Transmitting terminal can be used for restoration of bitstream from information parts comprising package headers, and use of bitstream for session key receiving. Session key can be used for data decoding. EFFECT: higher cryptographic security of transferred data. 24 cl, 6 dwg


The thermodynamic potential of a superconducting quantum cylinder is calculated. The dependence of the critical temperature and heat capacity of the superconducting system on the surface electron density and nanotube radius is studied. It is shown that the critical temperature oscillates with variations in a parameter equal to the ratio of the Fermi energy to the dimensional confinement energy.


This paper introduces the development course about Winsock,analyses the course and steps of using Winsock,and studies how to realize data transmission using Winsock component under Delphi,and dynamically displays the received data.


The absorption of near ultraviolet radiation in UF6 vapor was investigated by intraresonator absorption spectroscopy. The contrast of the absorption coefficients of individual lines in this part of the spectrum of UF6 did not exceed 2%.


One of the consequences of operating detector systems in the harsh radiation environments of the ATLAS inner-detector will be radioactivation of the components. If the levels of radioactivity and corresponding dose rates are significant, then there will be implications for any access or maintenance operations. Given in this note are predictions for the radioactivation of SCT barrel-modules in the expected radiation environment of the inner-detector, based on both calculations and measurements. It is shown that both neutron-capture and high-energy hadron reactions must be taken into account. The predictions show that, from a radiological point of view, the SCT barrel-modules should not pose any serious problems. 18th April 2002 A T L -I N D E T -2 00 201 3


Writing about the TV series Nurse Jackie, Margaret Henry (letters February 3) is critical of Jackie Peyton for challenging doctors.


This research project's main objective is to propose a Function Manual, valuation of positions and rules of admission and employment for the company Talent Fredy Salazar Construcciones y Servicios Fredsacon Cia. Ltda. of the Coca city.
To meet the objective research methods were applied as to gather information Deductive, Inductive to analyze the current situation of the company, the Descriptive for detailing the problem and Analytical to interpret the data obtained; using research techniques: direct observation, interview and survey manager to all workers, these allowed to collect accurate and current development of human resources in the enterprise.
With the data obtained it was determined the problem and know that the company Fredy Salazar Construcciones y Servicios Fredsacon Cia. Ltda. lacks a manual functions, a valuation of Posts and Regulations Admission and Employment..; what caused the staff to a total ignorance of their activities and the ordered sequence to be followed to meet efficiently and effectively the goals and objectives.
Therefore this research project is a set of qualitative and quantitative data that allows for the final result the development of the Post Classification Manual, by quality Valuation and Rules of admission and employment, these administrative tools will be very useful for the development of the company as they present key data on each workstation that integrates the organization.
After developed the project could propose right solutions allowing ensure the allocation of responsibilities to members of the organization and duplication of functions by the Post Classification Manual, which comprise 37 positions eliminated properly detailed.
The valuation of positions makes evident the appropriate wage to the functions being performed. By developing research could determine an enhancement factor of 1.05 for most positions.
Admission Regulation of Employment was developed according to the scheme and parameters defined by the Labour Code, in order to improve the selection and induction of staff of the company, supporting recruitment able to contribute to meeting organizational objectives the company


Bacteria and fungi often grow inside dwellings, causing dirt and unpleasant smells and presenting a potential health hazard in the indoor environment. Methods of controlling microbiological contamination differ according to the location within the dwelling and include cleaning, chemicals, ventilators, and air-cleaners. The present study investigated the use of machines and chemicals to control microbiological contamination and assessed the benefits and problems related to their use. Numerous anti-bacterial and fungicidal agents are used in dwellings. Of these, natural preparations using herbs and metallic substances have noteworthy safety advantages. For example, rosemary containing essential oil not only controls bacteria and fungi, but also reduces unpleasant smells. However, if these additional characteristics of natural agents are grasped correctly, any herb or metallic substance with antibacterial or antifungal action is useful for life. The paper therefore also discusses where these natural agents are used and how to deploy them effectively.


We study the inverse scattering problem for electric potentials and magnetic fields in , that are asymptotic sums of homogeneous terms at infinity. The main result is that all these terms can be uniquely reconstructed from the singularities in the forward direction of the scattering amplitude at some positive energy.


The Integrative Review of Literature has analyzed issues related to the professional formation of member of the Brazilian National Health System, from 2001 until 2012. The search, collected in October of 2012, included the query terms "Human Resources Formation" and "Single Health System", and was performed by consulting the Health Library Virtual Portal. 86 studies were found and 30 of them contemplated the inclusion criteria for the search, which were analyzed and classified identifying the following themes: Health System principles and guidelines as formation determiners; User needs and health services needs and Role of different individuals and organizations in the change. It has confirmed the importance of training for guiding the changes in the practice of the health care workers. Further research is recommended in order to strengthen the devices of retraining and to deepen the debate.


Abstract The performance of two aphid parasitoids, Aphidius colemani Viereck and Aphidius matricariae (Haliday), against Aphis gossypii Glover on greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were evaluated at various constant temperatures. Biological parameters of both parasitoids including developmental time, pupal survivorship, percentage of parasitism, and sex ratio of the progeny were studied at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C. At 25°C, an average of 10.0 ± 1.1 and 9.8 ± 1.1 d was needed for A. colemani to complete its development from oviposition to adult eclosion on A. gossypii and M. persicae, respectively. The corresponding average times needed for A. matricariae were 11.9 ± 0.9 and 11.5 ± 1.1 d, respectively. The lower developmental thresholds for A. colemani reared on A. gossypii and M. persicae were estimated from linear regression equations to be 2.97 and 2.65°C, respectively, whereas these values for A. matricariae were 3.37 and 3.51°C, respectively. Parasitization rate of both parasitoid species, recorded as percent aphids mummified, increased almost linearly with increasing temperature to reach a maximum at 25°C and decreased at 30°C. The optimal temperatures for development of A. colemani and A. matricariae were ∼30 and 25°C, respectively, and high mortality occurred at higher temperatures. The Lactin 2 and Briere 1 developmental models were accepted based on their excellent goodness-of-fit to the data (residual sum of square and coefficient of determination) and estimable temperature thresholds and are strongly recommended for the description of temperature-dependent development of A. colemani and A. matricariae.


Solar Energy from photovoltaic (PV) systems are among the most used alternative for power generation. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms must be applied to it to extract the maximum power from PV panels. Usually, these algorithm requires PV voltage and current sensors to track maximum power. This paper proposes a modified current observer with hybrid Perturb & Observe (P&O) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control algorithm. This observer is designed to estimate the current with precise error under harsh environmental conditions. The robust observer ensures that the MPPT algorithm does not converge to false MPP tracking. This observation-based current sensing reduces the overall cost of the PV system, algorithmic burden, time complexity, and internal sensor complexity. The proposed observer drives the error faster than the conventional luenberger observer and eliminates the wrong direction drive. The error between the actual and observed value is less than 5 % at any point. The proposed system is verified using simulations in SIMULINK.


Effect of cholesterol content on entrapment efficiency and influence of surfactant HLB on the vesicle size has been studied on sorbitan esters vesicles also known as nicsomes prepared using a mechanical shaking technique without sonication. Primaquine phosphate was used as a model drug. Entrapment efficiency increased with Increasing cholesterol content. Mean size of unsonicated niosomes showed a regular increase with increasing HLB from Span 85 (HLB 1.8) to Span 20 (HLB 8.6).


Purpose To investigate the expression of αA- and αB-crystallin and the unfolded protein response in the lens epithelium of patients with high myopia-related cataracts. Methods and Materials The central portion of the human anterior lens capsule together with the adhering epithelial cells, approximately 5 mm in diameter, were harvested and processed within two hours after cataract surgery from high myopia-related (spherical equivalent ≥-10.00 diopters) and age-related cataract patients or from high myopia but non-cataractous patients (tissue were collected from ocular trauma patients with high myopia and lens trauma). Anterior lens samples from fresh cadaver normal human eyes were used as normal control (collected within 6 hours from death). Real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of α-crystallins as well as unfolded protein response (UPR)-related GRP78, spliced-XBP1, ATF4 and ATF6. Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein level of α-crystallin, GRP78, p-IRE1α, p-eIF2α and ATF6. Results In the lens epithelium of the high myopia-related cataract group and the age related cataract group, the mRNA and soluble protein expression of αA- and αB-crystallin were both decreased; additionally, the protein levels of ATF6, p-eIF2α and p-IRE1α and the gene expression levels of spliced XBP1, GRP78, ATF6 and ATF4 were greatly increased relative to the normal control. Conclusion These results suggest the significant loss of soluble α-crystallin and the activation of the UPR in the lens epithelium of patients with high myopia-related cataract, which may be associated with the cataractogenesis of high myopia-related cataract.


Information retrieval (IR) research has primarily consisted of two paradigms: systems- oriented research and user studies. Systems-oriented research includes IR algorithm development and evaluation and, to some degree, human-system interaction. User studies include human information behavior and information seeking research. These paradigms have contributed new IR algorithms and insights into IR processes. However, problematic issues concerning IR evaluation exist in both communities. For example, research methods, measures, and metrics that can yield generalizable results are problematic for systems- oriented research and user studies. We propose that establishing a dialog between these communities and synthesizing their methods may increase the effectiveness of both. In this paper, a brief overview of IR evaluation, including systems-oriented research and user studies, is presented and problematic issues in IR evaluation are discussed. We synthesize these approaches and propose a framework for evaluation that is based on attributes that have been shown to influence adoption of innovations


OBJECTIVE
To observe neuronal activities related to right-sided mastication in cortex and to explore the effect of mastication on brain function.

METHODS
Neuronal activities related to right-sided mastication were detected with functional magnetic resonance imaging in 10 healthy volunteers. Image data was analyzed by SPM99 software with the use of t test.

RESULTS
Localization of activation in brain was different among subjects. Brain activation during mastication included left basal ganglion, Broca's area, angular gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus.

CONCLUSIONS
The functional areas related to right-sided mastication and speech were closely connected, which indicated close relationship between mastication and speech. The central control of mastication might share part of common neural mechanism with that of speech. The roles of activated brain regions in mastication still remained to be elucidated.


Biological movement generation is a dynamical process involving not only biomechanical structures, e.g., muscles, bones, ligaments, etc. but also metabolic energy processing, physiological sensing, and neuronal control. In this thesis, a physics approach to study these complex interactions is presented. It builds upon the results of physiological experiments with isolated animal muscles over the course of which their distinct dynamic properties have been described in great detail. Derived from previous simulation studies, the hypotheses posed were that the dynamic properties of muscles strongly contribute to generation and control of movements, they allow very simple control strategies, and thus reduce control effort in comparison to (technical) systems whose actuators do not have similar dynamic properties.

Hopping was used as a template model to study the relation of muscle properties, control strategies, and interaction with the environment. It was found that the typical non-linear force-velocity relation of the biological muscle is important for hopping stability. Additionally, stability could be improved by combining feed-forward and feedback control strategies. The results highlight the importance of the muscle properties, especially that of the force-velocity relation for the control of periodic movements.

If an organism exploits the muscle properties, the control effort was expected to be less than in a (technical) system without these properties. To quantify control effort, a new measure based on information theory was developed. Applied to hopping models this method revealed that the required information to control hopping can be as low as I=34bit with a muscle vs. I=798bit with a DC-motor. Concerning the muscle, the control strategy was particularly designed to exploit the muscle properties. In case of the DC-motor, a typical engineering control approach was chosen, where a negative-feedback controller was used to enforce a predefined trajectory regardless of the actuator properties. This shows that the approach to control effort based on information theory is applicable to and comparable across completely different actuator designs and control approaches.

So far, biomechanical muscle models incorporated the force-velocity relation as a phenomenological fit to experimental data, i.e. a hyperbolic function. Only microscopic muscle models proposed a physical origin of the hyperbolic force-velocity relation. However, microscopic muscle models can neither be used in simulation studies of complex human movements, nor as a blueprint for the construction of artificial muscles. A different macroscopic model predicted the hyperbolic force-velocity relation from an arrangement of three macroscopic physical components: a mechanical energy source (active element AE), a parallel damper element (PDE), and a serial element (SE) that exhibits operating points with hyperbolic force-velocity dependency. To verify the contraction dynamics of this model, the analytical model was compared to a numerical simulation and a hardware implementation. The analytical model only predicts the operating points at steady state, whereas the numerical model includes the dynamics of the contraction, and the hardware implementation is used to verify the real world functionality of the concept. The same experiments as usually performed with biological muscles were conducted, i.e. quick release experiments against different loads. A similar hyperbolic force-velocity relation was found in the numerical model and the hardware implementation. However, deviations from the analytical prediction were found.

To resolve these discrepancies, two types of quick release experiments were performed. These experiments represent two extreme cases of the contraction dynamics, i.e. against a constant force (isotonic) and against an inertial mass. Both experiments revealed hyperbolic force-velocity relations. Interestingly, the analytical model not only predicts these extreme cases, but additionally all contraction states in between as well. It was possible to validate these predictions with the numerical model and the hardware experiment. These results prove that the origin of the hyperbolic force-velocity relation can be mechanically explained on a macroscopic level by the dynamical interaction of three mechanical elements. Thus, the concept can be seen as a starting point for the development of muscle-like bionic actuators.

With these studies, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the role that muscles play in the control of periodic movements, and proposes a design concept allowing a transfer of their beneficial properties into technical systems. By using information theory to quantify the control effort, technical biological systems can be compared and key characteristics can be identified. These new insights and methods contribute to the integrated view of biological movement generation.
Biologische Bewegungserzeugung ist ein dynamischer Prozess bei dem neben der Dynamik biomechanischer Strukturen wie Muskeln, Knochen, Bander etc. auch metabolische Energieumsetzung, physiologische Sensorik sowie neuronale Kontrolle eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Dieses komplexe Zusammenspiel wurde in dieser Arbeit mit physikalischen Methoden untersucht. Die Arbeit baut auf den Ergebnissen physiologischer Experimente mit isolierten Tiermuskeln auf, in denen die besonderen dynamischen Eigenschaften der Muskeln bestimmt wurden. Folgende Hypothesen wurden untersucht: Die dynamischen Eigenschaften der Muskeln tragen masgeblich zur Erzeugung und Kontrolle von Bewegungen bei. Sie erlauben dadurch sehr einfache Kontrollstrategien. So wird der Kontrollaufwand gegenuber (technischen) Systemen ohne diese Eigenschaften erheblich reduziert.

Hupfen wurde als Beispiel genommen, um die Beziehung zwischen Muskeleigenschaften, Kontrollstrategien und Interaktion mit der Umwelt zu untersuchen. In einer Simulation zeigte sich, dass die charakteristische nichtlinearen Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Relation entscheidend ist fur die Stabilitat beim Hupfen. Die Stabilitat konnte verbessert werden, wenn einfache Kontrollstrategien kombiniert wurden. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen die Bedeutung der Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Relation fur die Kontrolle periodischer Bewegungen.

So war zu erwarten, dass ein Organismus, der die dynamische Eigenschaften des Muskels ausnutzt, einen geringeren Kontrollaufwand hat, als ein (technisches) System ohne diese Eigenschaften. Fur die Quantifizierung des Kontrollaufwands wurde ein neues Mas entwickelt. Es basiert auf der Informationstheorie. Angewandt auf Hupfmodelle zeigte sich, dass der Kontrollaufwand fur stabiles Hupfen mit einem Muskel bei gerade mal I=34bit liegt - mit einem Elektromotor hingegen bei I=798bit. Die Kontrollstrategie fur den Muskel war speziell entworfen um die Muskeleigenschaften auszunutzen. Die Kontrollstrategie fur den Elektromotor hingegen war eine typische Robotiklosung, bei der ein Regler eine vorgegebene Trajektorie, unabhangig von den Aktuatoreigenschaften, erzwingen sollte. Diese Ergebnisse zeigten, dass der informationstheoretische Kontrollaufwand auf unterschiedlichste Aktuatoren und Kontrollansatze angewandt werden kann und diese quantitativ vergleichbar macht.

Beide Studien zeigen die Bedeutung der hyperbolischen Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Relation. Diese hilft bei der Stabilisierung periodischer Bewegungen und reduziert den Kontrollaufwand. In den folgenden Studien wurde deshalb der physikalische Ursprung der Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Relation untersucht.

Ein kurzlich veroffentlichtes makroskopisches Modell fuhrt die hyperbolische Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Relation auf drei physikalische Elemente zuruck: Eine mechanische Energiequelle, einen dazu parallelen Dampfer und ein in Serie geschaltetes Element. Fur dieses Konstrukt wurden Arbeitspunkte auf einer hyperbolischen Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Relation vorhergesagt. Es wurde untersucht, ob diese Arbeitspunkte in einer dynamischen Kontraktion erreicht werden. Dazu wurden ein numerisches und ein mechanisches Modell entwickelt. Mit beiden Modellen wurden "quick-release" Experimente gegen eine Masse durchgefuhrt, wie sie in der Physiologie mit Tiermuskeln durchgefuhrt werden. Das numerische und das mechanische Modell zeigten beide eine ahnliche hyperbolische Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Relation. Allerdings wich diese quantitativ von der analytischen Vorhersage ab.

Um diese Diskrepanz aufzulosen, wurden zwei unterschiedliche "quick-release" Experimente durchgefuhrt. Diese Experimente untersuchen zwei Extreme der Kontraktionsdynamik: Gegen eine konstante Kraft (isotonisch) und gegen eine trage Masse. In beiden Experimenten wurde eine hyperbolische Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Relation nachgewiesen, deren Parameter jedoch nicht identisch sind. Interessanterweise sagt das analytische Modell beide Hyperbeln und zusatzlich weitere dazwischenliegende vorher. Auch die dazwischenliegenden Hyperbeln konnten in den Experimenten nachgewiesen werden. Diese Ergebnisse stellen zum Einen die Interpretation biologischer Experimente in Frage. Sie bestatigen aber zum Anderen, dass die hyperbolische Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Relation mit der dynamischen Interaktion dreier makroskopischer Elemente erklart werden kann. Daher kann dieses Konzept als Startpunkt fur die Entwicklung von muskelahnlichen bionischen Antrieben gesehen werden.

Diese Studien zeigen, welche Rolle Muskeln bei der Kontrolle von periodischen Bewegungen spielen. Auserdem stellen sie einen Ansatz dar, deren vorteilhafte Eigenschaften in die Technik zu ubertragen. Das neu entwickelte informationstheoretische Mas fur den Kontrollaufwand erlaubt es auch, technische Losungen mit der Biologie zu vergleichen. Diese neuen Einsichten und Methoden tragen zum integrierten Bild biologischer Bewegungserzeugung bei.


The attached cost analyses sheets have been developed for use in planning during the Third Party Alternative study currently underway for the Sandia CREATE project. This cost analysis builds upon the previously submitted base estimate dated June 14, 2013 and includes comparison information collected during a Market Validation exercise conducted in August/September 2013.


Chest symptoms similar to angina pectoris are common in patients who use antimigraine therapies, including sumatriptan and ergotamine. This study


Several recent studies in supply chain system and related areas explored various economic order quantity (EOQ) models for noninstantaneous deteriorating items with imperfect quality and trade credit financing. In particular, in the year 2007, Teng et al investigated an EOQ model in which the supplier offers the retailer the permissible delay period M and the retailer, in turn, provides the trade credit period N (with N≦M ) to his/her customers. The main purpose of this article is twofold: (a) It modifies the annual total relevant cost TVC(T) in the study of Teng et al and presents the correct derivations of TVC(T) by applying mathematical analytic tools and techniques. (b) It exposes some logical and mathematical problems in the proof of Theorem 1 in Teng et al. It also corrects and overcomes all of the errors and shortcomings by systematically presenting the complete and mathematical solution procedures in order to locate all optimal solutions for the model in Teng et al.


An account is given of an association between the New Guinea Babbler, Pomatostomus isidori, and the Spangled Drongo, Dicrurus bracteatus. This would appear to be a feeding association, with the Drongo utilising the movement of Babbler flocks to flush insects into the air. Attention is also drawn to a similar note by D'Albertis concerning the Babbler and the Birds-of-Paradise. Mention is also made of other parasitic habits of the Drongo.


Despite the growth and economic relevance of electronic sports (eSports), the motivations of this type of media and entertainment consumption remain underexplored, particularly in scenarios in which traditional sports are a cultural element and an important influence in the lifestyle of the population. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to understand the drivers of electronic sports motivation for the Brazilian eSports audience, regarding their motivations to watch online matches. We performed a survey with 262 Brazilian eSports spectators, analyzing the results through Structural Equation Modeling. Findings revealed that that eSports consumption is driven by four main motivations, namely, novelty, escapism, aesthetic and vicarious achievement, being vicarious achievement the main driver of eSports consumption in Brazil. This study advances the understanding of the influence of culture in eSports consumption, exploring the antecedents of this kind of media entertainment and the role of motivations in the digital arena. This comprehension is paramount due to the increase of digital platforms, digital types of entertainment and the growth of eSports consumption worldwide.


. ColourVision is an interactive installation that empowers people to step into an intensive dialogue with colors. Physical seating postures such as active, relaxed or reflective positions are captured, translated and trigger a rapid change of the room's color. The installation was planned and executed for the Museum of Perception in Upper Austria, where we wanted to create seamless communication between the visitor and the color that would lead to an aesthetic experience in the space and let people experience the psychological effects of different colors.


After an initial 4-wk period, 36 healthy male subjects aged 19-28 y (14 lacto- ovovegetanians and 22 omnivores) were given a supplement to their usual diet of 27.9 mmol calcium/d for 5 wk. During this period 22 blood pressure measurements were taken and 30 24-h urine specimens and 15 24-h dietary records were obtained. Base-line blood pressures did not differ significantly between vegetarians and omnivores (1 18.3/59.3 and 1 19.5/60.7, respectively). At the end ofthe supplementation period there was a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 1.4 mm Hg (p < 0. 10) and an unexpected increase in systolic blood pressure of2. 1 mm Hg (p < 0.01) in the omnivores. Although not significant, the same trends were observed in the vegetarians. In both groups Ca and magnesium excretions increased significantly and phosphorus excretion decreased significantly. Blood pressure of normotensive subjects with high basal Ca intake may not be sensitive to Ca supplementation. Am J Gun Nutr 1988; 48:13 1-8.


We present a probabilistic framework for combining classifiers. Each classifer stage may be based on different data (e.g. astrometry, BP/RP spectrum, G-magnitude, Galactic latitude) or types of object (Galactic, extragalactic). Different data types have differing degrees of power in determining the classes. We present two types of combination. The first uses simple probability theory to combine classifications based on spectroscopy only and astrometry only. The second combines two spectral-only classifiers – one for all classes, the other only for Galactic objects (single and binary stars) – using a weighting function which depends on the astrometry. We introduce a simple approach to simulating Galactic astrometry based on the gamma distribution. We use this to train and test an astrometric-only classifier, one stage in a multistage process.


Digital terrain model generation (DTM) is one of the main applications of Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data which are recorded as the set of 3D point clouds. Processing the large amount of point clouds with manual classification (filtering) methods is very time consuming. Subsequently it needs automatic or semi-automatic algorithms for extracting bare earth by producing DTM. Numerous kinds of filtering methods are developed to extract DTM from point clouds.


speaking, in essence, is a process of communicating, because messages occur from one source to another. From the aforementioned notions, it can be concluded that speaking is a process of expressing, expressing, and conveying ideas, thoughts, ideas, or contents to others by using spoken language that can be understood by others. This research is a classroom action research with 12 research subjects in Ujung Tanjung SDN 014 Benai Subdistrict Kuantan Singingi Regency with the results of research on improving students' speaking skills from the initial data to the first cycle is 30.09%, from the baseline score of 49, 47 increased to 64.36 in the daily cycle I cycle, while the initial data for the second cycle increased by 60.56%, from the average base score of 49.47 to 79.43. Then it can be concluded that the method of seeing said is effective to be used in learning to speak.


A ground-based field campaign was conducted over the summer of 2011 in Israel to measure the properties of small warm clouds. The horizontal size distribution for cloud sizes of 50–3000 m is presented, with a special focus on the properties of the smallest clouds (liquid water path <10 g m−2, cloud thickness < ∼50 m) and their estimated radiative effect. We show that these small clouds dominate the cloud radiative properties during the summer over the studied region. The average daily cloud cover of the small cloud subset throughout the field campaign was 81 ± 21% (corresponding to 30 ± 14.3% of the total measured time), and they contributed 83 ± 19.4% of the clouds' reflectance. Their average daily radiative effect was estimated at −3.6 ± 2.1 W m−2.


detoxifying unit The title therapy is a new method for the selective treatment of cancers, being neither invasive like surgery nor as unselective as chemotherapy. A monoclonal antibody–enzyme conjugate—their rational design being the topic of this review—is administered shortly before a specific prodrug. The antibody section binds to a tumour cell; the enzyme cleaves the prodrug to release the cytotoxic agent only in proximity to the cancerous cell.


Lateral redistribution processes of excitons localized in CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot structures are investigated by time-integrated and time-resolved spectroscopy. The photoluminescence properties are governed by lateral energy transfer within a dense ensemble of quantum dots. The quantum dots differ in size and Cd concentration and provide a complex potential landscape with localization sites for excitons. At low temperatures, lateral transfer by tunneling leads to a redshift with increasing delay after pulsed excitation. The mobility edge was determined to 2.561 eV. Above 100 K, thermally activated escape and recapture of excitons cause a strong redshift of the PL maximum in the first 500 ps.


Numerical techniques are presented for extending and implementing the Lagrangian analysis originated by Fowles, Williams, and Cowperthwaite. The analysis derives internal energy, specific volume, and stress and particle velocity histories from either stress or particle velocity records from a series of gages embedded in material undergoing uniaxial strain flow. The material may have an arbitrarily complex constitutive relation. The accuracy of the analysis for attenuating waves is studied by handling analytically derived stress and velocity histories. Waves with attenuation of 40–75% can be treated, depending upon the accuracy desired. The analysis is applied to waves measured in graphite, sandstone, asbestos phenolic composite, and porous alumina.


What is a perspective of history and how might it be useful today? It can be a reminiscence of events, and people who influenced those events. It is useful to correlate such events and people with various stages of development and apply this knowledge to a current situation. That was done effectively by Gross in his book "Oncogenic Viruses" (1). Several comprehensive reviews have been published on avian leukosis. The most recent (2), in 1973, can be compared with a review (3) made in 1934 to indicate the trend of work during the intervening 40 years. The perspective to be created in your minds will concern the early events (4) which followed the report of Ellermann and Bang in 1908 describing the first experimental transmission of three cases of fowl leukosis and filterability of the virus. The second report of experimental transmission was in 1915, by Schmeisser, who was then working at Johns Hopkins Medical School and later became Professor of Pathology at the University of Tennessee, Memphis. A mural commemorating that work adorns the auditorium wall of the Dept. of Pathology in Memphis. During the next 30 years, what may be considered as 38 different transmissible isolants of fowl leukosis were described (4). Various Danish workers, outstanding in that regard, had developed 13 isolants by 1935. Virus from some of those isolants has been maintained and used in current research by various workers. The different isolants or strains of avian leukosis virus appeared to vary in their action. Even though different genetic stocks of chickens were used, some isolants tended to cause erythroblastic leukosis, and others granuloblastic leukosis. Reports that some isolants produce a rather specific pattern of disease should be accepted with caution, however. A careful study of the earlier re-


A wise traveler arriving in an unfamiliar city would be ill-advised to blaze a new route from the outskirts, but rather should rely on existing, well-lit transit systems to journey to the city center while avoiding the brigands lurking in the shadows. So too, a wise virus entering a cell will exploit the well-established trafficking routes that maintain cellular life.


We show how pion-nucleus scattering data can be used to constrain four-quark in-medium matrix elements, whose uncertainty is currently the most important problem inhibiting the use of QCD sum rules to study hadrons in nuclear matter, a problem related to early-universe phase transitions. We take an important step towards determining the matrix elements by extracting a value for a particular linear combination using the Isobar-Doorway model propagator of the in-medium {Delta}(1232) and a QCD sum rule analysis of both the free and in-medium {Delta}.


BACKGROUND : Vertical transmission is also mode of transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV. Viral infections may cause abortion, ectopic pregnancies and HBV, HCV also causes hepatitis, cirrhosis. 'Janani Sureksha Yojana' (safe motherhood program) is a scheme in which pregnant women are benefited if they deliver in government medical facility. Antenatal screening for HBV, HCV and HIV should be done so as to provide appropriate antiviral therapy. The aim of study was to detect the frequency of HBsAg, HCV antibody, HIV antibody and their correlation with risk factors. METHODS : Present study was conducted in central laboratory of Rural Institute of Medical Science and Research Saifai, Etawah (Uttar Pradesh) on pregnant women from 1 January to 31 December 2014. RESULTS : Out of 7867 women, 2.07% were positive for HBsAg, 0.43% and 0.13% for HCV antibody and HIV antibody, respectively. The age group with maximum seropositivity was in 21-30 year (76.44%) and parity with maximum seropositivity was 3-4 children (42.30%). Seropositivity was high among low socio economic status (77.40%). Among the associated risk factors Obstetric and Gynaecology surgeries (46.15%) and blood transfusion (20%) were prominent. These associated risk factors were found more among HBsAg seropositive females (86.66%) and (84.61%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS : The prevalence of HBsAg positive (2.07%) was more. Obstetric and Gynaecology surgery, blood transfusion were major risk factors. So, screening for HBsAg, HCV antibody, HIV antibody should be mandatory for pregnant women to reduce mortality and morbidity.


A modeling method of supervisor control and data acquisition (SCADA) is put forward and a configuration tool is developed in conformity with the IEC 61850's standard kernel ideas based on the real-time application platform (RTAP). By combining with the object-oriented characteristic of RTAP, a method is put forward to model the intelligent electronic device (IED) for the SCADA system. This model can meet the requirements on real-time supervision and control of substation devices. The modeling process is also a reflection of the standard' s crucial ideas, such as object orientation, flexible configuration of logical nodes, common data classes and the dynamic construction of the logical node template.


Efficient Pd-catalyzed Heck coupling methodology was employed to provide two new fluorene derivatives with phosphonate (2) and nitro (3) electron-withdrawing functionalities. Both derivatives exhibit two-photon absorption (2PA), as determined by nonlinear absorption measurements using a femtosecond pump/white light continuum probe "NLO spectrometer". Both fluorene derivatives have high 2PA cross sections (650 and 1300 × 10-50 cm4 s photon-1 molecule-1 for compounds 2 and 3, respectively).


The resurgence of oligarchies in England's provincial towns during the fifteenth century and their firm control over almost all aspects of civic life during the sixteenth century has received considerable attention and is apparently beyond dispute. The characteristic feature of this oligarchical control was the domination of the important civic offices by urban dynasties whose members practiced the most influential and lucrative trades, were the most affluent citizens, and were linked by close family ties. Comparatively few studies have been made of officeholders of the seventeenth century, especially for the period after 1660, yet the evidence so far accumulated suggests that officeholding remained the exclusive privilege of a closed social elite. Nevertheless, Norwich may provide an instructive exception. An examination of the pool of men eligible for political office in Norwich, the largest provincial capital, indicates that the door to political office was open to men of diverse social backgrounds and occupations to a greater extent than during the sixteenth century and apparently much more so than in the other large provincial capitals. Oligarchy may be defined as the possession and exercise of power by a few individuals either directly, as a consequence of holding the important political offices, or indirectly, as a consequence of controlling recruitment of officeholders and influencing their decisions. In the former case, which was the general pattern establishsed in those fifteenth and sixteenth-century towns which remained free from the intervention of territorial magnates, oligarchy implies further that the magistrates have either the exclusive privilege of appointing their own replacements or the ability to manipulate the mechanism of political recruitment involving a wider electorate through control of the processes of nomination and election of officeholders.


The present paper describes the process by which a multiple-level collaborative database system was designed. By clearly elaborating the various design goals it was possible to build a system through which ongoing program evaluation efforts can be easily managed without disrupting the service delivery process. At the same time, both departmental information needs and service-specific needs can be met in an efficient manner.


The effects of numerical quadrature errors on finite element approximations to the solution of the mixed initial-boundary value problem for second order linear hyperbolic equations are studied. It is shown that the optimal $L^2 $- and $H^1 $-estimates may be recovered for certain classes of quadrature schemes.


Until recently the "technique" of love, the "technique" of marital life was familiar only to a few sexologists and in a distorted form to so-called voluptuous people who knew from illustrated pornographic publications about certain techniques and positions devoid of aesthetics, far from normal, healthy physiology and which degrade the dignity of partners in their own eyes. In this book the old gynecologist and sexologist, for the first time, dared to speak openly on the basis of the latest anatomical, physiological and clinical data in bourgeois Berlin about the importance of a whole series of bio-mechanical moments in the sexual act.


In this paper, we present the electronic structure and magnetic properties of two members of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) family, FeS2 and FeSe2 compounds, in two dimensional monolayer form (2H) using first principles density functional calculations. Iron dichalcogenide compounds are not an intensively studied group of materials within TMDs, although they have an intrinsic magnetic moment and a large variety electronic properties like metallic, half metallic, and semiconducting in equilibrium and under strain. We find that FeS2 system is found to be metallic in equilibrium and turns into a half-metal, with vanishing density of states of minority spins at Fermi level, at an in-plane pressure of  ≈13.7 kbar which corresponds to the slight contraction of the lattice. FeSe2 is an intrinsic half-metal both in equilibrium and under strain in a wide pressure range up to  ≈56 kbar. Both structures have increased magnetic moments of 2.00 μB under pressure compared to their equilibrium phases in which FeS2 and FeSe2 have 1.56 and 1.98 μB magnetic moments, respectively. Half-metallic gaps in minority spin channels are surrounded by localized Fe-d states in all the systems. The bands crossing Fermi level in majority spins are due to d-states of Fe and p-states of S or Se atoms. Spin–orbit effects are not remarkable on the electronic structure of these systems.


In this paper we propose an end-to-end (E2E) verifiable online shareholder voting system. Our system allows different voters to have different weights associated with their votes. These weights are dependent upon the number of shares owned by voters in an organization. In our system, the voters cast their votes over the Internet using a personal computing device, say a smart-phone. The voting client interacts with an online voting server which generates encrypted ballots for the chosen candidates with a receipt. Every encrypted ballot comes with a non-interactive zero-knowledge proof to prove the well-formedness of the ciphertext. In addition, the voting system allows the voters to verify their votes are cast as intended through voter initiated auditing. All the encrypted ballots and non-interactive proofs are made available on a publicly readable bulletin board. By checking the receipt against the bulletin board, voters are assured that their votes as recorded as cast. Finally, this e-voting scheme allows everyone including third-party observers to verify all votes are tallied as recorded without involving any tallying authorities. Once the polling concludes, the tallying result is available immediately on the bulletin board with publicly verifiable audit data to allow everyone including third-party observers to verify the tallying integrity of the entire election.


This study reviewed extensively work done mainly on piggery wastes. Design criteria and performance for lagoon systems,oxidation ditch,activated sludge and anaerobic digestion,were presented. Reduction of BOD after anaerobic digestion was found to be as high as 85%. COD reduction was found to be lower. Secondary treatment following anaerobic digestion was recommended. Subsequent tretment after employing settling, flocculation and filtration to reduce the pollutant loading in the discharge were discussed. Reutilisation of treated wastes and waste products for animal feed,extraction of vitamins,fuel and fish breeding were also reported. Cost data on the construction of both bricks and reinforced concrete tanks were estimated.


German writer and romantic theoretician Friedrich von Schlegel is the most important romantic critic of William Shakespeare in literary history. He has deep influence on the early German Romantic Movement. He believes William Shakespeare is prominent as romanticist playwright. His thought and his critical theory shed light to the criticism of William Shakespeare's works.


In this work, the Acid Blue 193 adsorption over natural sepiolite by Ozcan et al. [Colloids Surface A, 277(2006), 90–97] was reevaluated using deactivation kinetics model (DKM). As the result, the reaction order and the activation energies were newly calculated. Keywords: Adsorption, Kinetics, Modeling, Deactivation Kinetics Model


Excerpt To the editor: D-Penicillamine is being used with increasing frequency in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We describe here the case of a patient who had rheumatoid arthritis in which...


In order to investigate the antiwear property of metal ceramic coating on the surface of cylinder liner,a SRV IV wear tester was used to measure the dynamic friction coefficient and wear depth of cylinder liner sample by simulating working condition of cylinder liner and piston ring.The worn surface topography was observed through the scanning electron microscope and metallography.The results show that both temperature rise and unlubricated working will increase the friction coefficient and wear rate.The friction coefficient can be quickly stabilized at 400 Nloading wear.At 80 ℃ and 99 ℃,the wear rates were 3.08×10-6 mm3/(N.m)and 8.76×10-6 mm3/(N.m)respectively.In the dry friction condition,the wear rate of coated cylinder liner was 2.76×10-5 mm3/(N.m).However,the wear rate of common cylinder liner had reached 1.38×10-4 mm3/(N.m)at 200Nloading wear.The wear form of cylinder liner showed plastic deformation when pairing with the high-chromium carburizing ring and adhesive wear when pairing with the cast iron phosphide ring.Compared with 200Nloading wear,the surface of cylinder liner roughness Ra decreased less at 400Nloading wear,but the profile bearing length ratio was larger.Different materials with large difference in hardness value were not suitable for the friction pairs.


The dynamic response of parametrically excited microbeam arrays is governed by nonlinear effects which directly influence their performance. To date, documented theoretical models consist of lumped-mass systems which do not resolve the spatio-temporal interaction of the individual elements and reproduce measured array response only qualitatively. A consistent nonlinear continuum model is derived using the extended Hamilton 's principle to capture the salient dynamic features of an array of N nonlinearly coupled microbeams. The nonlinear dynamic equations of motion are solved analytically using the asymptotic multiple-scales method for the weakly nonlinear system. Stability analysis of the resulting coexisting solutions enables construction of a comprehensive bifurcation structure for the system. Analytically obtained results for the weakly nonlinear limit of two coupled microbeams are verified numerically.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


We prove that the deRham cohomology classes of Lee forms of locally conformally symplectic structures taming the complex structure of a compact complex surface $S$ with first Betti number equal to $1$ is either a non-empty open subset of $H^1_{dR}(S, \mathbb R)$, or a single point. In the latter case, we show that $S$ must be biholomorphic to a blow-up of an Inoue-Bombieri surface. Similarly, the deRham cohomology classes of Lee forms of locally conformally K\"ahler structures of a compact complex surface $S$ with first Betti number equal to $1$ is either a non-empty open subset of $H^1_{dR}(S, \mathbb R)$, a single point or the empty set. We give a characterization of Enoki surfaces in terms of the existence of a special foliation, and obtain a vanishing result for the Lichnerowicz-Novikov cohomology groups on the class ${\rm VII}$ compact complex surfaces with infinite cyclic fundamental group.


We investigate the quantum nonlocality via the discrimination on two, three and four-qubit orthogonal product bases (OPBs). We show that every two-qubit, and some three and four-qubit OPBs can be locally distinguished. It turns out that the remaining three and four-qubit OPBs cannot be locally distinguished, and thus they show the quantum nonlocality without entanglement. We also distinguish them by merging some systems using quantum teleportation with assisted Bell states.


Objective To know the situation of published papers published by Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention and evaluate the level of scientific research and the trend of Wuhan CDC, then compared with the CDC of provincial capital city in China. Methods All articles published from Wuhan CDC and other provincial capital city from 2007 to 2011 were retrieved from authoritative database. The bibliometrics method was taken to statistically analyze. the basic literature information of the articles by using NoteExpress2.0 reference management analysis software. We put forward a innovative index which combined the number of published articles and impact factor, to expect an objectively comprehensive evaluation. Results After screening, there are 368 articles published by Wuhan CDC from 2007 to 2011. By the large,the amount of documents issued by Wuhan CDC tends to increase. The comprehensive influence ranked the sixth place around the nation. There are quite a few core writers in the field of disease prevention and control. The published literature coauthored a higher rate. The published journal impacted a wider range. English literature published amount ranked the top few. Conclusion Wuhan had higher comprehensive influence, credibility of the research results and academic value in the disease prevention and control field. It attached importance to the communication of scientific research as well.The overall level of scientific research is high among the country. To improve the quality of scientific research management should conduct targeted training and develop policies.


CONTEXT
The CDC's ability to respond to communicable disease threats has recently met significant political and legal opposition. We (a) unpack the influence of political ideology on support for CDC authority, and (b) experimentally assess whether highlighting its role in responding to health threats might bolster CDC support.

METHODS
We fielded a demographically representative, online survey experiment to 5,483 US adults. We assess (a) the socio-political correlates of CDC attitudes via multivariate regression analyses, limited to a study-wide treatment group. Additionally, we test (b) the effectiveness of our experimental treatments via multivariate models that interact indicators of stimulus exposure with political ideology.

RESULTS
Although most Americans support the CDC's role in responding to health crises, self-identified conservatives are significantly less likely to do so. This effect holds when accounting for respondents' limited government and anti-expert attitudes; which we replicate in nationally representative data. Encouragingly, though, emphasizing the CDC's role in combating the spread of COVID-19 is associated with significantly stronger levels of support on the ideological right.

CONCLUSIONS
Efforts to communicate the CDC's importance in responding to health threats can help bridge existing ideological divides, and potentially create an incentive for policymakers to codify the agency's regulatory powers.


A version of the Dirac equation is derived from first principles using a combination of quaternions and multivariate 4-vectors. The nilpotent form of the operators used allows us to derive explicit expressions for the wavefunctions of free fermions, vector bosons, scalar bosons; Bose-Einstein condensates, and baryons;annihilation, creation and vacuum operators; the quantum field integrals; and C, P and T transformations; and to suggest new insights into the meaning of supersymmetry and renormalization.


Natural or artificial energy is the first essential component for development. That is why man always t ries his best for the utilization of all possible sources of energy for the fulfillment of his every day needs. Due to this rea son today we are getting the most new and advanced sources of en ergy which compensate certain amount of energy problems due to the limitations of organic fuel sources. This project is aimed to see the different sources of energy, then for requi rement how it is utilized by different conversion methods and dur ing conversion unwanted thing comes in the form of wast e and emission which is most challenging to the present s ociety. We look in this project how; we can make a balance cyc le by regeneration of waste and pollution because this is practical example of the beautiful earth. In this report we analyze the total fuel energy basically (coal) utilized in Indi a to meet the required demand and thus amount of emission generat e by the combustion of coal in different power plants. Then in the next part how the emissive gases and waste can be contro lled and re-utilized for various industrial or other applications. Due to which there may be the maximum utilization of waste and emission control can possible. After various analys i and calculation it is found that the use of natural gas for power plants and for other industrial application is more beneficial over the coal and diesel which generates 10 to 15% less emission by consuming half of fuel rate. Keywords-Natural Gas; Emission; Fossil Energy; Heating Value


Throughout the history of healthcare practice, controversy has often surrounded instances of non-medical clinicians, such as allied health practitioners, undertaking roles traditionally performed by doctors. While this blurring of professional boundaries may occur in response to a need to enhance the efficiency of health service delivery, concerns invariably arise regarding the quality of care delivered by non-medical clinicians and the potential negative implications for patient safety.1 In recent years, physiotherapists have begun to practice in Australia's emergency departments (EDs) as autonomous, primary contact clinicians responsible for many duties traditionally solely within the domain of the medical profession. Some controversy does exist around this development, and as such, gives rise to the following questions: Do physiotherapists deliver quality care in the ED? Has the introduction of physiotherapists to ED improved service delivery as intended?

Decreasing waiting times and improving efficiency of patient management in EDs is a significant goal of modern healthcare delivery. Patients presenting with mechanical musculoskeletal pathologies can experience long waiting times in busy departments, as medical staff must prioritise higher triage category patients with more urgent medical issues. The use of suitably trained and experienced physiotherapists as primary contact clinicians has been implemented in EDs in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States, in an attempt to reduce waiting times for such patients, and to reduce clinical loads placed upon medical staff.

Emergency department physiotherapists (EDPs) are responsible for the management of patients with semiurgent and non-urgent (Australian triage categories 4 and 5) musculoskeletal complaints. Their role includes undertaking patient interviews and examinations, ordering investigations such as X-rays, making a diagnosis, implementing suitable interventions, referring for ongoing management, and arranging patient discharge.2 EDPs may also contribute to the care of patients with acute respiratory conditions (e.g. secretion clearance interventions) or facilitate the discharge of patients from ED into the community to reduce preventable hospital admissions.

Such clinicians practice autonomous to medical staff in the management of presentations within their scope of practice, such as ankle or knee sprains and mechanical back pain, in a similar capacity as a physiotherapist working in a private clinic. EDPs may also practice in collaboration with medical staff in the management of simple limb fractures, or as a secondary practitioner providing physiotherapy input to respiratory conditions or an opinion regarding musculoskeletal injuries. In Australia, as this role is outside the traditional duties of physiotherapists, this is termed "advanced practice".3


The maintenance of continuous emission monitoring system of denitration is much more difficult to the system of desulphurization.The CEMS of denitration will suffer from the problems,such as high temperature,high dust,high negative pressure and so on.This paper proposes the requirements for equipment? of the CEMS of denitration,according? to the condition of denitration system and the environmental standards.