This paper is based on a dissertation completed by the first author under the supervision of the second. We thank Hugh Arnold, Julian Barling, Carol Beatty, John Dowling, Vic MacDonald, and Don Nightingale for their help at the thesis stage, two very thoughtful ASO reviewers, Dan Farrell and Janet Near for their comments on an earlier version of the paper, Tom Mahaffey for a timely question, and Ted Neave for getting things started. Financial support to the second author was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC 494-88-1015). This paper reports the results of two longitudinal studies we conducted to find out when dissatisfied employees will respond to their dissatisfaction with exit, voice, loyalty, or neglect. We found consistent evidence that exiters were affected by the costs and the efficacy of their responses as well as the attractiveness of their employing organization. Loyalists were primarily affected by the efficacy of their responses, although, unexpectedly, loyalty resembled entrapment in the organization more than it did supportive allegiance to the organization. Neglecters were primarily affected by the costs and the efficacy of their responses, and voicers were very difficult to predict. We conclude by arguing that we need a much better understanding of voice and loyalty in order to predict better how employees will respond to dissatisfaction.'


Traffic loads are one of the key data elements required for the design and analysis of pavement structures. Traditionally the mixed traffic stream was aggregated into equivalent single-axle loads (ESALs) and applied into empirical pavement performance equations. The Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) proposes a more direct and rational approach to characterizing traffic in term of the full axle-load spectrum data for each axle type and axle-load group. To meet the traffic data requirements in MEPDG, automated traffic collection techniques are needed. However, traffic data collected with the automated traffic collection sites often have errors. This is particularly true for data collected from the weight in motion (WIM) sites. It consumes large computing resources to process collected data. As the raw WIM traffic monitoring data files are huge in size, which requires pre-processing and data reduction before it can be used in MEPDG. Currently there is no satisfactory software to analyze traffic data and produce traffic data inputs required for MEPDG. In this paper, a software is developed and made to pre-process, import, check the quality of raw traffic data, and to generate the required traffic inputs required in MEPDG software. With WIM data from Arkansas Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD), the following tasks are undertaken in this research: (1) develop the database tables for uploading, data checking, and generating the require traffic data for MEPDG; (2) pre-process and import the raw traffic data to the designed database tables; (3) Check the quality of the traffic data, and (4) generate the required input files required in the MEPDG software.


The present invention constructs a cast-in-place concrete pile, and by drilling the back ground of the cast-in-place concrete pile to fill the grout material to form a grouting column, thereby maintaining the verticality of the cast-in-place concrete pile due to the filling of such grout material In addition, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method of constructing the ordered soil wall using the cast-in-place concrete piles and grouting columns which completely prevents the leakage occurring in the gap between the cast-in-place concrete piles. In order to achieve the above object, the main heat-type earth wall order construction method using the cast-in-place concrete pile and grouting pillar according to the present invention excavates the ground to have a predetermined diameter and depth, and forms a drill hole, and provides a steel pipe casing to the excavation hole. Inserting; A slime removal step of carrying out a slime inside the steel pipe casing inserted into the excavation hole to the outside; Inserting a reinforcing bar network into the steel pipe casing or inserting and installing an H beam; Installing a tremit tube in an excavation hole into which the rebar network or the H beam is inserted, and drawing steel pipe casing to the upper portion while placing concrete in the tremit tube; Curing the poured concrete for a predetermined time to clean up the upper portion of the cast-in-place concrete pile, and fixing and installing a cap beam on the top of the cast-in-place concrete pile; A grouting hole is formed by drilling a predetermined diameter and depth between the cast-in-place concrete pile and the cast-in-place concrete pile, and grouting material is mixed and filled with a grout material with a small diameter of Φ200 mm using the JSP equipment. Characterized in that it comprises a step of forming. Cast-in-place concrete pile, grouting column, construction method


Classical Datamining methods are facing various challenges in the era of Big Data. Between the need of fast knowledge extraction and the high flows of data acquired in small slots of time, these methods became shifted. The variability and the veracity of the Big Data perplex the Machine Learning process. The high volume of Big Data yields to a congested learning because the classic methods are designed for small sets of features. Deep Learning has recently emerged in the aim of handling voluminous data. The concept of the Deep induces the conversion of the features into a new abstracted representation in order to optimize an objective. Although the Deep Learning methods are experimentally promising, their parameterization is exhaustive and empirical. To tackle these problems, we utilize the causality and the uncertainty of the Bayesian Network in order to propose a new Deep Bayesian Network architecture. We provide a new learning algorithm for this multi‐layered Bayesian Network with latent variables. We evaluate the proposed architecture and learning algorithms over benchmark datasets. We used high‐dimensional data in order to simulate the Big Data challenges, which are imposed by the volume and veracity aspects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our contribution under these constraints.


The evolution of radio access networks poses significant challenges to the transport networks, including backhaul and fronthaul systems. Ultra-dense small-cell networks in high frequency bands are being considered promising solutions. For beyond 2020 networks, frequency bands up to 100 GHz can be considered for achieving the target increase of 1000 times in the throughput to end users. The deployment of ultra-dense small cells in high frequency bands requires a massive deployment of mobile transport networks. In addition, stringent requirement of low latency sets significant constraints on the transport systems. An analog waveform transmission of mobile signals, especially of those in the millimeter-wave bands, over the transport links would be very attractive to reduce the latency, data rate, and simplify antenna sites. However, for transporting radio signals to a huge number of antenna sites, the use of only fiber-optic transport links will not be sufficient due to the difficulty in the installation of fiber cables, especially in ultra-dense urban areas. An orchestration of different transmission technologies, including wired and wireless systems, would be very important to facilitate the deployment of ultra-dense small cells in future mobile networks. In this paper, we introduce an orchestration of fiber-optics, free-space optics, millimeter-wave, and hybrid systems for high-speed and flexible transmission of mobile signals. We present examples of proof-of-concept demonstrations for each system, indicating that the proposed systems can meet the performance requirements of future mobile signals.


Harvey Kaye presents a critical and democratic perspective on American politics, letters, and higher education in this vibrant collection of essays. Some of the thought-provoking topics he addresses are the associations between: -- Politics and the culture wars-- Capitalism and class inequality-- Intellectuals and the labor movement-- History and public memory-- Books and publishing-- Professors and their universities-- Teaching and parenting.


To the Editor:

Dofetilide is an important new antiarrhythmic drug for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Recently, Singh and colleagues1 reported that dofetilide dose-dependently converts persistent AF to sinus rhythm and that it helps to maintain sinus rhythm. The authors do not describe 2 important issues that are obvious from the data. First, Table 2 shows that electrical cardioversion is unsuccessful in almost 30% of procedures in patients receiving pretreatment with 250, 500, or 1000 μg of dofetilide per day during 3 days; there is a far lower 20% failure rate in placebo patients. This is in sharp contrast with other drugs.2,3 Second, dofetilide does not ameliorate the rate of AF recurrence during the first few weeks after conversion (Figure 3). Subacute recurrences tend to cluster in …


IN a previous paper (Gibson, 1954) the immediate prognosis in toxaemia of late pregnancy was discussed on the basis of a series of 1,420 patients who had toxaemia and were delivered in the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, during the years 1946-50 inclusive. In this series the onset of toxaemia was not regarded as an absolute indication for the immediate termination of pregnancy. Special reference was made to the practice of selective continuation of such pregnancies with the object of improving the foetal prognosis by the resulting gain in foetal maturity at the time of delivery. It was shown that, providing an imminent risk of eclampsia was not ignored, the immediate maternal prognosis did not deteriorate as the result of continuation of a toxaemic pregnancy. No opinion was expressed concerning the later effects of this "conservative" treatment. This is a point of great importance but when one refers to the literature for guidance it is apparent that there are two opposing schools of thought. Gibberd (1934) considered that pre-eclamptic toxaemia predisposed a patient to chronic nephritis and that early induction of labour reduced the incidence of this complication. It is probable that he referred to nephrosclerosis and there are few today who consider chronic nephritis as a sequel to pre-eclamptic toxaemia ; many, however, hold that chronic hypertension is a sequel and this view gains particular support in the United States of America. Peckham (1941) followed up a series of 500 cases of preeclamptic toxaemia and came to the conclusion that, if four weeks of conservative treatment were exceeded, there was a great increase in the incidence of residual hypertension. A possible fallacy in his findings is the fact that the diagnosis of pre-eclamptic toxaemia was made in any patient who had previously had three normal blood .pressure and urine examinations during her attendance at the antenatal clinic. As many hypertensive patients have a drop in blood pressure during the middle trimester, these patients may have been erroneously diagnosed as cases of pre-eclamptic toxaemia. Such patients are likely to require admission to hospital at an earlier stage in pregnancy than the normotensive patients and are thus more likely to receive weeks of conservative treatment. Chesley, Somers and Vann (1948) followed up 242 cases and concluded that the radical treatment of preeclamptic toxaemia undoubtedly reduced the incidence of residual hypertension. Lewis (1940) held the same view while Dexter and Weiss (1941) stated that permanent hypertension was proportional to the duration rather than to the severity of toxaemia. Kellar (1939) considered that the woman destined to develop hypertension in later life was peculiarly liable to develop pre-eclamptic toxaemia and that this toxaemia might hasten the onset and progress of essential hypertension. McKelvey (1955) when discussing the 10-year prognosis after pregnancy, states "a good statistical case can be made for the fact that one disease alone, arteriosclerosis or essential hypertension or nephrosclerosis or whatever you wish to call it, initiated clinically as a pregnancy toxaemia will produce in mortalities alone somewhere between five and ten times the total deaths due to all other causes of immediate maternal mortality combined". The view that pre-eclamptic toxaemia does not predispose a patient to chronic hypertension is supported by the classical papers of Theobald (1933), Isenhour, Kuder and Dill (1942), and Barnes and Browne (1945). The last paper was based upon the blood pressure findings in 915


— Historically, two California Gull nesting colonies existed in Wyoming. In 1984 there were six breeding locations consisting of 10 different colonies that included approximately 7,273 nests. The increase in the California Gull nesting population in the state is probably a consequence of man-caused environmental changes that have resulted in the creation of additional breeding habitat and new food sources. Breeding populations of California Gulls {Lams californicus) have increased in Washington State and throughout much of the western United States since the 1920s (Conover et al. 1979, Conover 1983). Reasons for the proliferation of this species include the construction of large water impoundments with isolated islands for nesting, as well as the gulls' exploitation of new man-made terrestrial food sources such as garbage dumps, other human refuse, and agricultural land (Conover 1983). Also, the California Gull has probably benefited from reduced human predation by egg and plumage hunters. In this paper I present information on the distribution, population status, and habitat of recent California Gull nesting colonies in Wyoming. I also provide details on the history of each colony and give reasons for the population increase of this species in the state. My purpose is to provide baseline data on each colony and to clarify the literature on the current number of California Gull nesting colonies in Wyoming.


Spectral energy distributions for 10 high red shift quasars in the wavelength range 1250 to 10,000 A were obtained by IUE. A pronounced steepening is detected shortward of 1200 A, which correlates well with quasar red shift, but poorly with luminosity. The observed slope change is explained by Lyman continuum absorption from the strongest 5% of the Lyman alpha forest lines, identified with the low column density metal containing systems. Reddening may also contribute to the steepening, but a much lower neutral gas to dust ratio than that found in the Galaxy is required. Optically thick Lyman limit discontinuities are seen with zabs zem. These systems are metal containing, constant in comoving density with epoch, and require in L* galaxy to have a cross section of 5 to 10 Holmberg radii.


Abstract Misidentification of sires of cows in paternal half-sib analyses of variance biases the estimate of heritability downward. Four models of misidentification yield approximately the same reductions in estimated heritability. The reduced estimates are approximately p2 of the actual heritability where p is the fraction of cows whose sire is correctly identified. The reduction in heritability estimates from daughter-dam regression would be to a fraction, p, of the actual heritability where p is the fraction of dams correctly identified. Empirical paternal sib analyses of New York Dairy Herd Improvement Holstein records suggest that misidentification is more common among grade cows with registered dams and grade cows having grade dams which are not identified than among registered cows with registered dams.


Participant observation is a method to collect information through active participation in the social world that is under study, in this case two different risk-related working areas where confidentiality and secrecy are paramount. In reality there is a difference between what people do and say they do. With participant observation this discrepancy can be found. New research areas can be explored with participant observation when there is limited or no data available. In participant observation a level of immersion can be chosen. What position the observer takes depends on the situation and the goal of the research. In both studies discussed in this paper the 'observer as participant' form is chosen. The objective of this paper is to investigate whether in behavior or in operation between a traditional 'safety' working area and a 'security' working area show any similarities. We work from the hypothesis that since both are risk areas similarities exist. The object of study is rule violation and compliance in regulations. In this paper two relatively new areas of research are described which have limited data available. The main focus of one study is observation of decision making airport employees dealing with security. The other focus of study is observation of Seveso inspections of chemical corporations. Justification for participant observation comes from the fact that little is known of the strengths and weaknesses of current processes and procedures. Advantages and limitations of this method will be discussed after the comparison of results from the different working areas, as well as ethical issues that emerged in relation to confidentiality and secrecy. Other differences between settings and the influence of these differences of participant observation and methods of recording and interactions with the observed will be described in this paper.


The first class constraints in N = 1 supergravity in 2 + 1 dimensions are used to construct a generator of three gauge symmetries (including a local supersymmetry) that leave the action invariant. The algebra of these symmetries closes. This generator is used to quantize the model; a ghost involving both Bosonic and Fermionic components arises.


Two privately owned demand-responsive transportation systems, one in Davenport, Iowa, and the other in Hicksville, New York, were studied to determine the economic feasibility and marketability of these systems and the roles they play in small and medium-sized urban areas. The systems analyzed offer door-to-door service on a shared-ride basis using six-passenger automobiles. The overall objectives of the study were to: (1) Determine the cost, revenues, ridership, and other benefits of providing public transportation service with privately owned demand-responsive systems; (2) analyze the market demand for each level of service; (3) analyze the contribution of each level of service for providing mobility for specific segments of the urban community; (4) measure the economic viability of the different levels of service; (5) measure the demand for service as a function of level of service and pricing scheme; (6) determine the effectiveness of automatic scheduling and monitoring on system performance, costs, and revenues, if put into operation; and (7) determine the economic feasibility of these systems.


). First, in the results section, the text ' Although the alpha isozyme was undetectable across all cell lines tested, the beta, delta, and gamma isozymes all showed the highest expression in NCI-H660, with lower expression in the adenocar-cinoma lines (LNCaP and C4-2), an expression pattern similar to that of GPC3 (Figure 4D). We further tested LNCaP/CXCR2 and LNCaP/GPC3 and found that the delta isozyme in particular ( CAMK2D ) was upregulated in LNCaP/CXCR2 and LNCaP/GPC3 relative to LNCaP (Figure 4E). However, all isozymes were high in NCI-H660 (Figure 4D), indicating that CAMKII may be an important kinase in the progression of SCNC ' should have referred to Figure 4C, 4D and 4C respectively. There was no 4E. Second, in supplementary material, Figure S3 panel C, the original plot was incorrect and should be as shown below. The interpretation and statistical signi fi cance indicated in the fi gure are unchanged. The authors apologise for these errors and the inconvenience caused.


Abstract: The Secured voting machine is developed to avoid all the apparel conditioning in the election process. Results are blazoned to every individual namer who suggested in the election, this point is lacking in the being electronic voting machine. Vote counting, affect assaying, affect publications are taking further time and also more homemade crimes happens in this process when we use current Electronic Voting Machine. We concentrated on the main issue that namer have to travel to their own native for advancing in the electronlike. The namer must go to the position where their namer ID is registered, also only they allow them to bounce. To develop a compact near field communication device for the choosers to poll their vote in order to have the voting process in a secured and effective introductory conception of this charge is to produce a digital voting system as a way to help to get relieve of defrauding of the homemade voting structures like paper- grounded voting system, in this there is a chance of casting vote further than formerly and prior. The proposed machine is which includes a couple of layers of verifications to insure the trust ability of the device. With the addition of biometric point detector, every namer is entered into the contrivance simplest after being diagnosed and checked with the given database of enlisted choosers. Once the corresponding point is matched with the records handed, the namer will be allowed to do for opting their preferred seeker from the panel of buttons. The final vote is also displayed onto a Liquid Cristal Display for the pride of choosers. The proposed design displays translucency and also carries the characteristic of being independent for the duration of the path of operation.


The most likely STEM approach to be implemented in our curriculum is to embed social or cultural context on subject matter. Batik Cirebon is one of potential context to be used in STEM-approached chemistry instruction. Scientific content analysis of batik Cirebon is important to conduct for reconstructing the context so that it can be delivered properly to students. This study used Model of Educational Reconstruction design and the data were collected through literature studies of batik Cirebon and direct observation of batik craftsmen. The analysis of batik Cirebon scientific content structure was run based on hermeneutic-analytical method. The results of this study indicate that scientific perspective of batik Cirebon is related to many high school chemistry concepts: aromatic derivatives and polymer; electromagnetic radiation; chemical bonds; acid-base; redox and stoichiometry. The results of this study can be used for further research on the development of teaching materials and project-based learning using the embedded STEM approach using the batik Cirebon as a context.


Immersive imaging modalities have been receiving growing attention over the last years. In this context, point clouds demonstrated to be a competitive data representation format, mainly due to its compatibility with most acquisition devices such as LiDAR scans and depth cameras. On the other hand, the large associated data volume is a challenge to storage and transmission, resulting in the need for efficient point cloud compression methods. Multiple subjective studies have been conducted to assess the performance of such compression methods, mostly limiting the analysis to flat monitors or virtual and augmented reality headsets. In this paper, we investigate the impact of a novel eye-sensing light field display on several aspects of quality of experience, as well as on the subjective perception of compression artifacts. The two visualization devices have been observed to create distinct user experiences which lead to noticeable differences in subjective opinion. The advantages and disadvantages of each visualization strategy are underlined, based on rigorous statistical analysis. The subjectively annotated dataset is also released in order to foster future research.


and encourage all citizens, businesses and government leaders to look literally to the stars and celebrate, encourage, recognize and promote scientific achievement within our state so that Kansas may reach its potential to harvest the bounty of science, technology and space for the good of the state, country and people everywhere. Standing behind Governor Kathleen Sebelius for the signing of a governor's proclamation naming April 25, 2003, as AD ASTRA KANSAS DAY were (l. to r.) Jane Fortin, KCAE; George Howard, Heart of America Chapter NSS; Jeanette Steinert, Ad Astra Kansas News; Brenda Culbertson, Washburn University; Mary Jane Chambers, Wichita; Randall Chambers, Wichita State University, Wichita Chapter NSS; and Paul Fortin, KCAE. Ad Astra Kansas Day proclaimed--celebration event scheduled


In the production processing of in coke dry quenching,generates exists a lot of hot energy,which can be used to produce steam and steam was used to generate power.For many reasons the power station requires that the temperature must be kept in a narrow scope,but the load various often in practice and this will affect steam temperature seriously.To solve this problem,an improved method was proposed in this paper,by which a primary controlling output was achieved.On the base of primary control,combined with steam flow,steam pressure,etc.a refined control method was provided for coal water flow.For further more optimize results,a fuzzy cascade control was provided to make the steam temperature in a more stable status.The method proposed has been applied in a coke dry quenching system to control the main steam temperature successfully,and the results shows that it was very effectiveness in the steam temperature control.


In today's global economic integration, as the new force of economic development, small and micro enterprises play an increasingly important role in stabilizing employment and coordinating the development of all aspects of society. At the same time, we have noticed that the business environment of small and micro enterprises is not ideal for various reasons, and many factors have seriously affected and restricted the survival and development of the majority of small and micro enterprises. How to guide small and micro enterprises out of the predicament and step into the road of healthy development is the urgent task at present.


This chapter probes ways of creating competitive advantage with social entrepreneurship by determining the instruments that social enterprises can apply to achieve competitive advantage. The chapter first develops the concepts of social entrepreneurship and competitive advantage within their common framework by examining the relevant literature. Then, it proposes shared value, social intrapreneurship, strategic partnership, differentiation, and recruiting talents as instruments for social entrepreneurs to achieve competitive advantage and mentions various cases as examples. The chapter concludes by proposing a measurement framework that focuses on the interaction between business and social results.


Our paper tests the conditional version of the International Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM) applying a parsimonious multivariate DCC-GARCH process. By permitting the prices of risk and the level of market integration to vary through time, our results show that Japan experienced increases in the degree of regional integration in last years. The increasing integration into regional financial markets alone is unlikely to provide a sound ground for a currency union in ASEAN+5 at this stage, but improvement in welfare gains in the ASEAN+5 economies by means of further risk sharing is possible. We made the corrections after receiving the comments. Citation: Sandrine Kablan and Khaled Guesmi, (2016) ''Financial Integration and Japanese Stock market Performance'', Economics Bulletin, Volume 36, Issue 2, pages 1064-1070 Contact: Sandrine Kablan email@example.com, Khaled Guesmi email@example.com. Submitted: July 05, 2015. Published: June 11, 2016.


Dixon, O.A. 2010: Fossilized polyp remains in Silurian Heliolites (Anthozoa, Tabulata) from Nunavut, Arctic Canada. Lethaia, Vol. 43, pp. 60–72.

Calices within a substantially silicified corallum of Heliolites garnieriDixon, 1996, from the lower part of the Barlow Inlet Formation (Ludlow) on south-western Devon Island, contain what appear to be the silicified remains of soft tissues of coral polyps. These remains apparently represent the peristomal portion of an oral disc, incorporating a symmetrical radial array of 12 spicules (intra-polyp sclerites), and a membrane-like, possibly epidermal structure. These remains, and more non-descript material in a few coralla belonging to two other species of Heliolites, occur at local intra-corallum discontinuities where polyps died, but the surrounding colony continued skeletal construction. Their preservation indicates that, before the organic remains were fully destroyed by decomposition, they were rapidly enclosed and sealed by precipitation of microcrystalline quartz or a precursor, and that the failed calices were capped rapidly by local construction of basal epitheca. Clusters of hollow microspheres were also preserved at these discontinuities, suggestive of micro-organisms with a predilection for sites of tissue decay; these microbial decay agents possibly helped to isolate microenvironments conducive to early precipitation of silica. □Canada, Heliolitidae, microspheres, Nunavut, silicified polyp remains, Silurian, Tabulata.


Objective
To investigate the effects and correlative factors of perioperative fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion on complications after hepatectomy.

Methods
Clinical data of 613 patients who underwent hepatectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between August 2009 and September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the patients received perioperative FFP transfusion or not, the patients were divided into the FFP transfusion group (FFP group, n=383) andnon-FFP transfusion group (control group, n=230). In the FFP group, 303 cases were males and 80 were females, aged (53.0±1.0) years old on average. In the control group, 173 cases were males and 57 were females, aged (53.0±1.0) years old on average. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. The patients were matched using propensity score matching (PSM) method, and the incidence of postoperative complications was compared using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability test. Clinical parameters of the patients were included as the influencing factors of FFP transfusion, and the correlation analysis was conducted using Logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 147 pairs of patients were matched using PSM method. After the patients were matched, the incidence of postoperative overall complications and peritoneal effusion in the FFP group was respectively 45.6% (67/147) and 31.3% (46/147), signifantly higher than 33.3% (49/147) and 15.6% (23/147) in the control group (χ2=4.61, 10.02; P 180 min, intraoperative blood loss >500 ml, the first hepatic portal occlusion, hemihepatectomy and major hepatectomy were the independent influencing factors of perioperative FFP transfusion (OR=3.14, 2.01, 1.76, 1.65, 1.85, 3.16, 1.62, 1.68; P<0.05).

Conclusions
Perioperative FFP transfusion can increase the incidence of peritoneal effusion after hepatectomy. Emaciation, poor tolerance to anesthesia, extensive surgical area and massive intraoperative blood loss are the pivotal factors of FFP transfusion.

Key words:
Hepatectomy; Perioperative period; Plasma; Postoperative complication


Measurement of polarization hole burning is reported for an erbium doped fiber amplifier. This effect produces a dependence of gain, measured with a weak probe, on the polarization of the saturating signal; the maximum gain occurs for probe polarizations orthogonal to the signal. The pump also contributes to the gain dependence on polarization. Reduction of the degree of polarization of both pump and signal below 10% reduces the polarization dependent gain substantially.<<ETX>>


''TAMag'' S.L., c/Jose Abascal 53 Madrid, Spain~Received 21 February 2001; revised manuscript received 16 August 2001; published 14 March 2002!The effect of the sample length on the magnetization process of a Co-rich amorphous wire has beenexperimentally and theoretically studied in this paper. Experimentally it is found that the spontaneous magneticbistability observed in a Co-rich wire is lost if the sample becomes shorter than some critical length. Suchcritical length is smaller than that one of Fe-rich wire. Besides, the remanent magnetization of a wire with thelength less than the critical length is an increasing function of the wire length. Theoretical explanation of theobserved behavior suggests that the magnetization of the inner core of the Co-rich amorphous wire, normallydirected along the wire axis, may be twisted near the wire ends due to the demagnetizing field. As a result, thelongitudinal component of the wire magnetization reduces gradually towards the wire ends. It is shown that thecharacteristic critical length for the reduction of the longitudinal magnetization component can be severalorders larger than the wire radius. This estimation is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.134407 PACS number~s!: 75.50.Kj, 75.60.Ej, 75.60.Ch, 75.60.JkI. INTRODUCTION


In the later interim of WTO,innovation of financial products as an effective method of increasing banks' competence becomes very important.It's necessary to resolve the problems and guarantee the functions of the innovation of financial products through improving institution,management and technique.


Based on the new concept which is called the equivalent minimum acceptable carrier-to-interference ratio (EMACIR), a new method is proposed to analyze the capacity of the interference-limited cellular systems with MIMO (multiple input multiple output). Conveniently, the method can predict the outage capacity of the cellular system after deploying multiple antennas based on the parameters which are already known in the existing SISO (single input single output) system


For well over a decade, my colleagues and I have faced the challenge of integrating cultural studies into the traditional undergraduate English literature curriculum. We have met, as you might suspect, with varying degrees of success. My situation is not unusual. I am responsible for teaching a course, using the Norton Anthology, that surveys nineteenth- and twentieth-century British literature. While dealing mostly with canonical material, I continue to encourage my students to explore the ideological and historical constructs that underlie various cultural formations, including the canon itself. Although I concentrate mostly on traditional written works, I have found that including media studies at the end of such a course is an effective pedagogical instrument for instigating discussion, particularly on the subject of the literary canon. The advantages of this approach are many, not least that students begin to recognize and address the important contribution of popular culture when it is in dialogue with more traditional material. My chosen film is Batman (1989), which, because of its popularity and multiple associations, gives students a perspicuous opportunity to investigate issues in cultural studies in relation to the canon. The Batman narrative seems the obvious choice, since its status as hypertext makes it a wonderful teaching moment, particularly to undergraduates. Indeed, as Jim Collins has effectively maintained, popular narratives such as Batman display a "hyperconsciousness about both the history of popular culture and the shifting status of popular culture in the current context" (164). And, as I will argue shortly, the film foregrounds contemporary controversial issues of "high" versus "low" culture, whose historical roots can be traced to nineteenth-century ideologyspecifically Matthew Arnold. Once the film has been analyzed, we might find that our students emerge with a different perspective on the canon and the function of culture in the formation of hierarchical texts. What I am suggesting on a more theoretical level, finally, is the exploration of an active textual space between Matthew Arnold on the one hand and Walter Benjamin on the other. In the end, Batman reveals, as David Harvey has phrased it, that the "reintroduction of the highbrow/lowbrow disjunction avoids the whole problem of the potential debasement of modern cultural forms by their assimilation to pop culture through pop art" (58). I offer here a perspective on the "culture wars" through a close reading of Batman to demonstrate the film's potential richness of meaning and usefulness in the classroom. Arnold in America The criticism on Batman has been prolific.' Although I intend to focus exclusively on Hollywood's representation of the Caped Crusader, my analysis is in line with Tim Blackmore's reading of Frank Miller's Batman: The Dark Knight Returns. Blackmore links the superhero to earlier ideologies that focus on the disintegration of democracy.2 My contention is that Tim Burton's Batman exploits a dichotomy that has its historical roots in nineteenth-century ideology as well. The account of cultural binaries in America is well analyzed in Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy in America. There, Lawrence W. Levine accounts for the long-standing sociological bifurcation in America, most clearly voiced by Matthew Arnold in Culture and Anarchy (1868). In this view, generally speaking, the inheritors of Arnold's tradition have been cultural elitists, such as T. S. Eliot, who, halfway into the present century, would posit that "a frequent, if not universal feature of the maturing of individuals may be a process of selection (not altogether conscious), of the development of some potentialities to the exclusion of others" (127). Like Arnold, Eliot links high culture (in particular, the much-esteemed "classics") directly to character formation. The deprivation of culture, then, necessarily leads to anarchy. …


Cytochemical techniques were used to show that all the many large mitochondrion-like bodies present in bundle sheath cells of the aspartate-donor C4 plants, Amaranthus edulis and Atriplex spongiosa, possessed mitochondrial characteristics. The techniques involved the location of cytochrome c oxidase activity with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and examination of configurational changes in mitochondria after incubation in the inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, rotenone and oligomycin, and of substrate phosphorylation, iodoacetate, or the uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. The peripheral reticulum, which is a prominent feature of C4 mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts and whose internal structure closely resembles that of the bundle sheath mitochondria, was also examined cytochemically. Frequent protrusions or buds from the peripheral reticulum in the bundle sheath chloroplasts strongly suggested that it could give rise to all or some of the mitochondria. Cytochemical investigation with diaminobenzidine, however, demonstrated that the peripheral reticulum does not possess cytochrome c oxidase activity and that the mitochondrial population is homogeneous. Studies of developing leaves of Amaranthus edulis showed that the mitochondria were a prominent feature in the bundle sheath cells before the appearance of the peripheral reticulum. The close proximity of the peripheral reticulum to mitochondria or to peroxisomes and sometimes also to the cell wall plasmodesmata indicates that it may play a role in metabolite transport.


Hydrothermal reactions of 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)benzene (bimb) and either 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid (HO-H2ip) or 5-methoxyisophthalic acid (MeO-H2ip), as well as transition metal salts, gave rise to six new coordination polymers: [Zn2(bimb)(H2O)(HO-ip)2]n (1), [Zn(bimb)(MeO-ip)]n·(H2O)n (2), [Mn2(bimb)2(HO-ip)2]n (3), [Mn2(bimb)2(H2O)2(MeO-ip)2]n (4), [Cu2(bimb)2(MeO-ip)2]n·(H2O)3n (5), and [Co(bimb)(H2O)(MeO-ip)]n·(DMF)0.5n·(H2O)n (6). Their structures have been defined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, IR spectra, elemental analyses and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 is a 2D coordination network consisting of μ-oxygen-bridged dinuclear ZnII units, whereas 2 is an interdigitating 2D layer. ZnII ions in 1 and 2 have a distorted tetrahedral geometry, and two independent HO-ip and two bimb moieties in the dinuclear unit of 1 form π···π stacking interactions. Complexes 3 and 4 are 2D layers consisting of dinuclear MnII carboxylate units; bimb in an anti conformation serves as an exo-bidentate ligand in 3, whereas in 4 it acts as a terminal ligand, filling void space. Bis-monodentate MeO-ip in 5 connects CuII ions into a 3D coordination network, whereas MeO-ip in 6 bridges between two CoII ions to form a 2D layer, with the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules of the adjacent 2D layers generating a 2D supramolecular bilayer. The dinuclear MnII units in 3 and 4 are well separated by organic ligands, and make up the basic magnetic units. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility analyses show the existence of antiferromagnetic interaction in 3 and 4.


The Ponseti method has been proven to be the gold standard of treatment for clubfoot. The question however remains about the treatment of atypical and complex feet with this method. The Ponseti technique has been used to treat all clubfeet at the our institution for the past 10 years. We interviewed 70 patients (114 affected feet) ages 5–9 regarding the current state of their clubfoot using the 10 item Disease Specific Instrument (DSI) developed by Roye et al. Of these, 16 patients had a complex foot defined by a transverse medial crease. The DSI scores from all patients were transformed onto a 100 point scale and compared based on overall score as well as functional outcome and satisfaction. There was no significant difference in the overall scores with a mean of 76.43 (sd= 21.1) in patients who did not have a complex deformity compared to a mean of 79.17 (sd= 19.4) in those who did have a complex foot (p=0.644). On the functional subscale the mean scores were 74.07 (sd=27.1) and 89.58 (sd=25.9) for patients who had non-complex and complex feet, respectively (p=0.474). Regarding satisfaction, the non-complex group had a mean score of 79.51 (sd=19.7) compared to the mean of 78.75 (sd=16.7) in the complex group (p=0.888). Primary treatment with the Ponseti method achieves very successful correction of the clubfoot deformity with good outcome scores. Furthermore, even in patients with a complex deformity, the Ponseti method still achieves equally successful outcomes.


1. Long‐lasting haemorrhagic hypotension (4·5 hr at 35 mmHg) leading to irreversible haemorrhagic shock, has been studied in normal dogs, in dogs treated with a bradykinin potentiating nonapeptide (BPP9a), which blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, and in dogs with experimental chronic diabetes insipidus (DI dogs). BPP9a was given by I.V. injection before the start of bleeding (BPP pre‐treated group), 45 min after blood pressure had reached 35 mmHg (BPP early treated group) or 2 hr after blood pressure had reached 35 mmHg (BPP late‐treated group). After retransfusion of blood all dogs were allowed to recover and observed for a further period of 3 days.


Method for controlling the drive of a vehicle transmission by side, wherein - defining a speed control and an angular control, - comparing the speed control value to a speed control threshold, - if the speed control is greater than or equal to said value speed control threshold, applying a control law to said transmission right and left so that operation in a same direction of motion; - if the command speed is lower than said value speed control line, applying a control law to said right transmissions and left so that for an angular control whose absolute value is greater than or equal to an angular value threshold (CA1), so that said right and left transmissions operate in reverse direction drive.


The article offers recommendations for the reconstruction and new design of Moscow underground structures, as well as recommendations for the emotional self-regulation of citizens moving on the underground. The recommendations are based on the analysis of existing developments as well as the results of research in the field of psychology of emotions, urban planning and architecture. The basic part of this work is the salutogenic approach to the design of the human environment. The process and results of the study on the satisfaction of Moscow residents and visitors to the underground are described. Negative factors of being underground were identified, such as large crowds of people, lack of sunlight and noise pollution. At the same time the negative factors were identified, both perceived and unconsidered by the respondents. Particular attention was paid to lighting as the most important aspect of maintaining both mental state and health in general.


The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) for non‐invasive quantification of perfusion and diffusion effects in skeletal muscle at rest and following exercise.


From the view of mathematics,reactive power optimization problems are large-scale nonlinear non-continuous optimization problems with a large number of variables,constraints,and uncertain parameters,so the optimization becomes very complex.Reducing active power loss on grid was considered as the main object function to establish reactive power optimization mathematic model.By integrating genetic algorithm(GA) with particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO),a hybrid strategy for the optimal reactive power flow(ORPF) problem was proposed.Numerical simulations on the IEEE 6 and IEEE 14 test systems illustrated that the proposed hybrid strategy is more effective than either of the algorithnis mentioned above.


ABSTRACT This report addresses the proposition that young people's self-management of peer group leisure activities results in higher levels of satisfaction with them and makes them more meaningful and impactful. This study collected information in a self-administered questionnaire about the type of leisure spaces and management strategies used by young people aged 16–18 years old and addressed issues related to school time and free time. The sample under study was comprised of students in public, subsizised, and private schools in Northern Spain. The primary purposes of this study were thus to determine where, in which activities, organizational responsibility was taken and whether doing so contributed to the meaning and value of the experience. Analysis of variance and correlational analysis of survey results established that assuming responsibility for the organization of an activity is associated with greater enjoyment and activity satisfaction among young people, as well as making the activity more important in their lives. The greatest implication for the provision of activities at this period of adolescence and youth is that participants be afforded the opportunity for self-management.


Community supported agriculture (CSA) is one response to major ecological and social problems in the conventional agrifood system. Here we are concerned with how CSA management can enhance the economic sustainability of CSAs. More specifically, using a survey of 111 CSA farms in California, we analyze how specific variables in five domains—CSA management characteristics, farmer characteristics, farm characteristics, economic characteristics, and region—influence retention rates (the proportion of CSA members continuing from one year to the next). Our analysis involves first conducting bivariate correlations, then building a simple causal model that theorizes the direction of causation, then constructing a series of ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression models to hold constant independent variables. Our discussion draws out recommendations from our findings for CSA farmers and organizations that support CSA, including increasing the length of the season, increasing crop type diversity, including fruit in standard shares, bringing farming practices into line with organic standards, working with other CSAs to reduce inter-CSA competition, and changing marketing regions for farms in certain regions that appear to be highly saturated. We conclude by identifying more collective routes that CSAs can take to cultivate "CSA people" for a more sustainable economic dimension of CSAs in the long term.


Regarding the motion analysis of targets above water as the application background,the research below was carried out.The algorithm which analyzes the location and other motion parameters of target was given based on the extended Kalman filter under the modified polar coordinates(MP).Firstly,the method of tracking target by Z-shaped trajectory was given based on the extended Kalman filter.Secondly,based on the motion characteristics above water,the maneuvering target tracking was realized by the improved algorithm.The simulation result shows that the method has the advantages of good stability,low requirement for measurement accuracy and can be used for tracking maneuver targets.


The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on company profitability in plantation subsector companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange on 2016-2018. This research is a type of quantitative research that using secondary data, namely the annual report of the plantation subsector company 2016-2018. Independent variable that used in this research is CSR Disclosure which is measured using CSRDI and the dependent variable is company profitability which is proxied by the ratio of ROA, ROE, and NPM. The results show that CSR Disclosure have the positive and significant effect on ROA with a significance value of 0.012, ROE of 0.035, and NPM of 0.028. The results of this study indicate that empirically disclosing CSR activities in plantation subsector companies will increase company profitability.
 Keywords: CSR Disclosure, NPM, ROA, ROE.


The objective of the present article is to provide an insight into the toxicity aspect of Nanoparticles on health and ecosystem along with risk assessment and monitoring. After a detailed screening of various research reports from the peer-reviewed journals, books, and research news, the article was prepared. Due to nanotechnology's various significant advantages over conventional technologies, it has been explored for diverse research and commercial needs such as cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, electronics, catalysts, robotics, and so on. However, nanotechnology has several challenging elements for the health, environmental, societal and economic aspects, and unpredictable consequences can happen due to its unknown detailed nature, which needs to be identified.
Therefore, in this review, an attempt has been made to cover the two most important aspects of the toxicity of nanoparticles i.e. influence on health and the ecosystem.
The health hazards to various organs, especially lungs, gastrointestinal tract and dermis and aquatic organisms, have been elaborated. Further, the ecotoxicological aspect describing fate, mechanism of ecotoxicity, ecotoxicological challenges and solutions to ecotoxicologist are discussed. Risk assessments, related to the approaches that can be used for the optimization of nanotechnology, are also mentioned.
Its high time when nanotechnology field needs reconsideration and uncompromising attention at a public and private level about its use, handling, storage, proper treatment and disposal. Also, risk analysis and establishment of regulatory guidelines for optimization and safe practice of nanotechnology for human and nature welfare are recommended.


The latest results of an ongoing project for the lattice simulation of QCD with a single quark flavor are presented. The Symanzik tree-level-improved Wilson action is adopted in the gauge sector and the (unimproved) Wilson action for the fermion. Results from new simulations with one step of Stout-smearing (ρ = 0.15) in the fermion action are discussed. The one-flavor theory is simulated by a polynomial hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm (PHMC) at β = 4.0 corresponding to a = 0.13 fm, on 16 3 · 32 and 24 3 · 48 lattices; the box-size is L ≃ 2.1 fm and L ≃ 3.1 fm, respectively. At the lightest simulated quark mass the (partially quenched) pion mass is ∼ 300 MeV. The masses of the lightest bound states are computed, including the flavor singlet scalar and pseudoscalar mesons σ s and η s , the scalar glueball 0 ++ , and the ∆ ++ baryon. Relics of SUSY in the mass spectrum, expected from a large N c orientifold equivalence with the N =1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, are discussed.


1) We understand that spermatogenesis cycle in rats lasts on an average for 56 days. We administered rats with prednisolone, then treated them with various doses of Vernonia amygdalina, and a comparison was drawn between the groups and the control. This comparison demonstrates the differences. We treated the rats for 21 days, which has shown to make a difference in their spermatogenesis parameters when compared with the untreated group.. Similar studies with shorter duration of administration have also shown difference in these sperm parameters, even with as low as 14 days of treatment when compared to controls (1–3). In our study, the rats were immunosuppressed with prednisolone, and then treated with low and high doses of Vernonia amygdalina extract, to observe for the different possible effects. These groupings were ideas conceived by the authors, which was part of the experimental design of the study. Furthermore, studies have shown various administrations of similar and higher doses being used (4, 5). According to the published data by Akah et al. and Nwanjo, acute toxicity test in rats gave an LD50 of 1122 mg/kg as well as 1265.22 ± 56 mg/kg (6, 7).


The Neolithic transition introduced major diet and lifestyle changes to human populations across continents. Beyond well-documented bioarchaeological and genetic effects, whether these changes also had molecular-level epigenetic repercussions in past human populations has been an open question. In fact, methylation signatures can be inferred from UDG-treated ancient DNA through postmortem damage patterns, but with low signal-to-noise ratios; it is thus unclear whether published paleogenomes would provide the necessary resolution to discover systematic effects of lifestyle and diet shifts. To address this we compiled UDG-treated shotgun genomes of 13 pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherer (HGs) and 21 Neolithic farmer (NFs) individuals from West and North Eurasia, published by six different laboratories and with coverage c.1x-58x (median=9x). We used epiPALEOMIX and a Monte Carlo normalization scheme to estimate methylation levels per genome. Our paleomethylome dataset showed expected genome-wide methylation patterns such as CpG island hypomethylation. However, analysing the data using various approaches did not yield any systematic signals for subsistence type, genetic sex, or tissue effects. Comparing the HG-NF methylation differences in our dataset with methylation differences between hunter-gatherers vs. farmers in modern-day Central Africa also did not yield consistent results. Meanwhile, paleomethylome profiles did cluster strongly by their laboratories of origin. Our results mark the importance of minimizing technical noise for capturing subtle biological signals from paleomethylomes.


By the numerical analyzing and simulation, we investigate effect of carrier envelope phase on propagation of femtosecond chirped Gaussian laser pulse in a dense three-level Λ-type atomic medium. It is shown that, when the small area 2π negative chirped pulses (or the 2π positive chirped pulses) with different value of initial carrier envelope phase φ0 propagate in the medium, splitting don't occur and the chirped pulses evolve gradually to approximate normal Gaussian pulses with equal amplitude and group velocity, and the phase differences between them remain the same as the case of initial input pulses. When the 4π negative chirped pulses with different φ0 propagate in the medium, the pulses will split into at least two sub-pulses and the amplitude of the first sub-pulse is far more than the second sub-pulse; These first sub-pulses have equal amplitudes and propagating with equal group velocity in the medium, and the phase differences between these first sub-pulses remain the same as the case of initial input pulses; The amplitudes of these second sub-pulses are not equal and don't change monotonously with linearly increasing of φ0 but take on a invert S-shaped pattern, and the phase differences between these second sub-pulses are different. The case of 4π positive chirped pulses is similar to the case of 4π negative chirped pulses, but the amplitudes of these second sub-pulses split off from the 4π positive chirped pulses have no obvious changes compared with the case of 4π negative chirped pulses.


Relays offered to the electrical supply industry have over many years reported only the end status of all operations by target flags or LEDs. These are regularly reset to avoid overwriting of previous indications. This limited data, combined with the limitation this imposes in fault analysis not only with system faults but also obscure relay performance and failure prediction, are aspects of systems performance that are expensive and time consuming for the industry to investigate. The advent of computer based protection control and monitoring equipment for generation, transmission and distribution systems has allowed the major relay manufacturers to provide a man-relay dialogue not previously possible. The system fault recording and reporting in chronological order of entire events and sequences of events has created new opportunities for cost saving, time saving and improved quality of power supply.


We present a fully automatic segmentation method for multi-modal brain tumor segmentation. The proposed generative-discriminative hybrid model generates initial tissue probabilities, which are used subsequently for enhancing the classi�cation and spatial regularization. The model has been evaluated on the BRATS2013 training set, which includes multimodal MRI images from patients with high- and low-grade gliomas.
Our method is capable of segmenting the image into healthy (GM, WM, CSF) and pathological tissue (necrotic, enhancing and non-enhancing tumor, edema). We achieved state-of-the-art performance (Dice mean values of 0.69 and 0.8 for tumor subcompartments and complete tumor respectively) within a reasonable timeframe (4 to 15 minutes).


In this study, the effects of whey solid of 3% and equivalent amount pasteurized whey with 1% technique lecithin versus control on mixing properties of dough and bread quality for bread flour of 74-76 extraction rate were investigated. The results which are significant at 0.05 level statistically were summarized below. The both whey form while decrease water absorbtion, increased mixing requirement pasteurized whey with lecithine lowered the absorbtion more the others. In the baking experiments, the both whey forms while decrease loaf volume and specific volume, increased crust color intensity and the firmness of crumb after 24 hour shelf life but not after 72 hours. Technique lecithine affected the all bread properties satisfactorily.


In this paper, we are concerned with the asymptotic behaviour of weak solutions to the initial boundary value problem for a class of quasilinear hyperbolic equations with damping terms involving p-Laplacian. By using the multiplier methods, we investigate the stability of weak solutions to the initial boundary value problem and obtain explicit decay rate estimation depending on strain-caused stress term and damping terms.


The optimal method conditions and theoretical basis of Hg species measurement using Donnan Membrane Technique(DMT)were explored.It was found that when 0.01 mol·l-1 CaCl2 was used as background solution,HgCl2、HgCl-3 were the main contributors to the flux of Hg transport through the cation exchange membrane.The rate-limiting step of Hg transport from the donor side to acceptor side is Hg diffusion in the membrane.Besides electrostatic adsorption of Hg,there is strong chemical adsorption of Hg in the membrane,which plays as an important role in restricting the applicability of DMT on Hg species measurement.The chemical adsorption of Hg can be reduced by shortening the sampling time to 8 hours and Hg species in the donor side can be calculated using the dynamic DMT method,which shows the possibility to measure Hg speciation in soil solution by DMT.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we are concerned with a contact process with a semi-infected state on the complete graph Cn with n vertices. Our model is a special case of a general model introduced by Schinazi in 2003. In our model, each vertex is in one of three states, namely, "healthy," "semi-infected," or "fully-infected." Only fully-infected vertices can infect others. A healthy vertex becomes semi-infected when being infected while a semi-infected vertex becomes fully-infected when being further infected. Each (semi- and fully-) infected vertex becomes healthy at constant rate. Our main result shows a phase transition for the waiting time until extinction of the fully-infected vertices. Conditioned on all the vertices are fully-infected when t = 0, we show that fully-infected vertices survive for exp {O(n)} units of time when the infection rate λ > 4 while they die out in O(log n) units of time when λ < 4.


P4.3 INTERCALIBRATION OF METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE IMAGERSUSING VIRS, ATSR-2 AND MODISLouis Nguyen', Patrick MinnisAtmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VAJ. Kirk Ayers, and David R. DoellingAnalytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, VA1. INTRODUCTIONGlobal retrievals of surface, cloud and radiativeproperties from geostationary (GEO) and low-Earth-orbit(LEO) meteorological satellites require accuratecalibration of their imagers. An accurate and consistentcalibration increases the reliability and effectiveness oflong-term monitoring of climate changes. Moreemphasis has been placed on calibrating the thermalinfrared (IR) channel. The lack of on-board calibrationin the visible (VIS) _hannel has prompted efforts tocharacterize the degradation of the VIS sensor usingvicarious post-launch calibration techniques thatmeasure bright stable desert targets from space andaircraft (e.g., Rao and Chen, 1996) or using satellite-to-to-satellite normalizations (e.g., Desmoreaux et al.1993). While such inter-calibrations are valuable andwidely used, the lack of a well-characterized calibrationreference source and the lengthy time delay betweenupdates have minimized their effectiveness in climatemonitoring.To address these shortcomings, this paperexamines the use of research satellite imagers toprovide stable calibration references for the visible (VIS,-0.65 pm) channels and develops a method for rapidintercalibration of existing satellites. Calibrationcoefficients are determined for the GeostationaryOperational Environmental Satellites (GOES-8 - GOES°10), Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS-5),Meteosat-7, and the NOAA-14 Advanced Very HighResolution Radiometer (AVHRR). As a referencecalibration source, this technique uses the self-calibrating sensors on the Tropical Rainfall MeasuringMission (TRMM) Visible Infrared Radiometers (VIRS) orthe ERS-2 Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR-2).GOES-8 is calibrated with VIRS and then its calibrationis transferred to other GEO or LEO satellites. Theabsolute accuracy of this technique relies on theassumption that the on-board calibration is stable andwell maintained. Minnis et al (2001) assessed the VIRScalibration using comparisons with other self-calibratedsatellite sensors including the broadband Clouds andEarth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanners, theERS-2 Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR-2),and the Terra Moderate-resolution Imaging*Corresponding author address: Louis Nguyen, NASALangley Research Center, MS 420, Hampton, VA23681-2199. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com (MODIS). Thus, the VIRS data canbe confidently used as the initial reference source.3. METHODOLOGYThe general approach taken here is similar to theDesormeaux et al. (1993) method except that the data-matching constraints are less stringent and GOES-8,once calibrated against the VIRS, is used as a primaryreference for calibration other satellites. GOES-8 isused because the degradation of the VIS channel islinear and well characterized, it has more 6 years ofoperational service, and its archived data are readilyavailable.The intercalibrations are performed betweenspatially and temporally matched averages of the datafrom the corresponding channels of two satellites.Additionally, the data are only selected if they havenearly the same values of viewing zenith 8 and relativeazimuth e angle. For the GOES-8 calibration, VIRS isused as the reference calibration source. The GOES-8data are matched with VIRS data taken within 15minutes and have corresponding values of 8 and e thatdiffer by less than 10°. Data taken in possible sunglintconditions are filtered out of the datasets. The referenceradiance is normalized to the GOES-8 solar zenith angle80and to a solar constant Eoof 526.9 Wm-2srlpm 1. Toaccount for the time and navigation differences, theradiances are averaged on a 0.5 ° grid to yield a pair ofdata points for each grid box.Similarly, GEO satellites are also inter-calibratedwith each other (GEO-to-GEO). For example, GOES-8is used to calibrate GOES-10. Very close matches intime and space are possible because of the fixed viewsand regular imaging schedules. The GEO data aretaken at local noon or midnight at the bisecting longitudebetween the two satellites. Local noon insures that allof the angles are nearly identical. The GEO data arematched to within 2 minutes. Because reflectanceanisotropy may not be entirely symmetrical, averageradiances at each 1° of latitude are computed for two 1°boxes that straddle the bisecting longitude. The regionsused to cross-calibrate many of the various satellites areshown in Fig. 1.In addition to the GEO-to-GEO matches, the GEOsatellites are used to cross-calibrate with imagers likeMODIS and AVHRR on Sun-synchronous satellites.Because TRMM is in a 35°-inclined orbit, the VIRS hasfew close matches with polar orbiters. However, it canfrequently be collocated and bore-sighted with GEO


Traditionally, investigations into the nature of selfconsciousness have focused on the peculiarities of the first-person pronoun. But can we extend the notion to non-language-using creatures as well, including prelinguistic infants? José Luis Bermúdez has recently argued that creatures possessing no conceptual abilities whatsoever nevertheless possess states that can be considered prim itive form s of self-consciousness. I discuss one such form Berm údez gives— that of som atic proprioception— and show that it fails to satisfy the conditions he adopts for states funded by that type of perception to be representational as well as to be im m une to error through m isidentification. This conclusion forces a choice between abandoning either im m unity to error through m isidentification or a sharp conceptual/ nonconceptual distinction with regard to representational states.


Provided is a method for improving the quality of a battery module via voltage leveling, which minimizes a voltage difference between the unit cells forming the battery module, helps to optimize the operation of the battery module, and is applicable to various medium- and large-size battery modules. The method for improving the quality of a battery module(100) having a plurality of unit cells(200) connected in series to each other comprises: connecting at least two unit cells in parallel to each other for a predetermined period of time during the manufacture or use of the battery module, so as to level voltages of the unit cells and to minimize a voltage difference between the unit cells. In the method, the time required to perform the connection in parallel is set in such a manner that voltage levels of the unit cells coincide with each other to a latitude of 0.001V.


The chemical technique was used to investigate the inhibition and adsorption properties of L-proline for steel corrosion (weight loss method). As the concentration of L-proline increased, the inhibition efficiency increased, but decreased as the temperature increased, according to the findings. The inhibitor's adsorption to the steel surface has been shown to be random, involving both electrostatic and chemisorptions. The Temkin adsorption isotherm governs the adsorption of L-proline to the steel surface. Thermodynamic parameters have been determined in some cases.


A new kind of amorphous photonic materials is presented.Both the simulated and experimental results show that although the disorder of the whole dielectric structure is strong,the amorphous photonic materials have two photonic gaps.This confirms that the short-range order is an essential factor for the formation of the photonic gaps.


This paper presents key aspects of the whole language perspective; describes examples of whole language principles in practice in elementary, secondary, and adult ESOL programs; and reviews recent whole language research on second language development.


The food habits of the beaked skate were studied utilising 274 individuals obtained from the incidental catches of the Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi) fishery. The most important prey were the Argentine hake, the southern cod (Patagonotothen ramsayi), the Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus), the isopod (Serolis schythei), the ''raneya'' (Raneya brasiliensis, Pisces: Ophidiidae), and the Argentine anchovy (Engraulis anchoita). A total of 45 prey species was identified. No differences in the diet between sexes, but significant differences among size classes and between immature and mature individuals were found. Two size-related dietary shifts previously reported in this species, at around 35 cm and 85 cm total length were confirmed and related to changes in habitat utilisation. The first shift entails a major change from benthic prey (mostly crustaceans) to demersal-benthic prey (mostly fishes) and the second change from demersal-benthic to demersal-pelagic prey (increased consumption of Argentine hake and decreased consumption of southern cod). The second shift coincides with sexual maturation and may reflect a behavioural response to maturation. 2001 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea


In this paper, we study the liquid–vapor transition of a classical fluid with hard sphere repulsion and short range attraction at criticality in the high dimension limit. We are motivated by physical arguments that relate the presence of percolating clusters to the critical point of the liquid–vapor transition. The volume fraction at the percolation threshold is also expected to decrease for increasing dimension. Together, these imply that the critical density may decrease with dimensionality and for sufficiently high dimension, the truncated low order virial expansion should suffice in describing the critical point. We evaluate analytically the exact second and third virial coefficients for high dimension and explicitly show the modifications of the hard sphere coefficients by the attractive part of the potentials. Then, the truncated virial expansion at criticality is used to demonstrate that the critical volume fraction indeed decreases with dimensionality. This will allow us to propose that the trunca...


Duration of paternal care in the burying beetle Nicrophorus orbicollis Say is highly variable. Both parents bury and defend mouse-sized vertebrate carcasses as food resources for their offspring, but males abandon their broods several days before females. Nests defended by single female parents were taken over by aggressive conspecifics in live of nine cases, whereas only six of 16 nests defended by both parents were taken over. In the event of a takeover, the intruding beetle replaced the resident beetle of the same sex, destroyed any eggs that were present, and paired with the remaining resident to produce a new clutch. Broods raised by usurpers following takeovers were less successful than broods raised by initial residents on unused carcasses. The majority of takeovers occurred 35 days after carcass burial. The occurrence of nest intrusions by conspecifics did not significantly influence duration of male parental care; when conspecific intruders were excluded from nests males remained with their broods (± S.E.) 11·2 ± 0·8 days (n= 15), and when intruders were added to nests males remained with their broods 12·2 ± 0·6 days (n= 8). Conflict for carcasses intensified in response to larger brood mass, but duration of male care was unaffected by brood mass. Overall. brood mass and the presence or absence of intruders explained only 5% of the variance associated with brood abandonment by males.


Introduction There is ongoing interest in the development of technical and nontechnical skills in healthcare to improve safety and efficiency; however, barriers to developing and delivering related training programs make them difficult to implement. Unique approaches to training such as "serious games" may offer ways to motivate teams, reinforce skill acquisition, and promote teamwork. Given increased challenges to teamwork in robotic-assisted surgery (RAS), researchers aimed to develop the "RAS Olympics," a game-based educational competition to improve skills needed to successfully perform RAS. Methods This pilot study was conducted at an academic medical center in Southern California. Robotic-assisted surgery staff were invited to participate in the "RAS Olympics" to develop their skills and identify opportunities to improve processes. Impact of the activity was assessed using surveys and debriefs. Results Sixteen operating room team members participated and reacted favorably toward the RAS-Olympics (average score, 4.5/5). They enjoyed the activity, would recommend all staff participate, felt that it was relevant to their work, and believed that they practiced and learned new techniques that would improve their practice. Confidence in skills remained unchanged. Participants preferred the RAS Olympics to traditional training because it provided an interactive learning environment. Conclusions The successful implementation of the RAS Olympics provided insight into new opportunities to engage surgical staff members while also training technical and nontechnical skills. Furthermore, this shared experience allowed surgical staff members to gain a greater appreciation for their teammates and an understanding of the current challenges and methods to improve teamwork and communication while promoting safety and efficiency in RAS.


Statistical probability density functions are widely used to model tree diameter distributions and to describe stand structure. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of normal, logarithmic-normal and three-parameter Weibull distributions for fitting diameter data from Akashmoni (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.) plantations grown in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh. Data from 96 plots, established in 24 plantations in north-eastern Bangladesh and ranging in age from 1 to 6 years, were used for this study. The parameters of the Weibull distribution were calculated using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and moment estimation (ME) methods. The goodness of fit of normal, lognormal, Weibull MLE and Weibull ME were tested using one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) tests. The KS test results showed that both lognormal and Weibull distributions were equally effective for describing the diameter distributions of these Akashmoni plantations grown in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh.


Credit risk is a potential loss caused by the inability of the debtor to the obligations of debt repayment of either principal or interest debt or both. The classification of credit risk in the financial sector has an essential role in mapping the consumer risk. The wrong classification raises chain effects such as the emergence of bad credit, disruption of financial stability, which lead to banking losses. Classification in credit risk categories the customer loan into two types, good payers or bad payers (default). The aim of this research is to classify consumer's risk to minimize the risk of default. In the past decades, credit scoring using parametric techniques has been applied in the financial field, namely Discriminant Analysis and Binary Logistic Regression. In the last two decades, the non-parametric machine learning approaches, such as Neural Network and Support Vector Machine. Recently, Deep Learning era has been studied widely in credit scoring, like Deep Neural Network. This study is comparing the performance of several methods of non-parametric machine learning and parametric statistics to classify customer loans. Best method to classify customer loan is DNN with number of neuron in h1 = 10, h2 = 3 with value of AUC is 0.638 in testing dataset.Credit risk is a potential loss caused by the inability of the debtor to the obligations of debt repayment of either principal or interest debt or both. The classification of credit risk in the financial sector has an essential role in mapping the consumer risk. The wrong classification raises chain effects such as the emergence of bad credit, disruption of financial stability, which lead to banking losses. Classification in credit risk categories the customer loan into two types, good payers or bad payers (default). The aim of this research is to classify consumer's risk to minimize the risk of default. In the past decades, credit scoring using parametric techniques has been applied in the financial field, namely Discriminant Analysis and Binary Logistic Regression. In the last two decades, the non-parametric machine learning approaches, such as Neural Network and Support Vector Machine. Recently, Deep Learning era has been studied widely in credit scoring, like Deep Neural Network. This study is compari...


PURPOSE
To corroborate the factor structure of the brief Spanish Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale among patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease at Santa Marta, Colombia.

DESIGN AND METHODS
A psychometric study was done in which 409 patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were included, aged between 40 and 102 years. Participants completed the 10 items on the brief Spanish Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed.

FINDINGS
The two-dimensional structure was confirmed. The goodness of fit indicators was acceptable.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATION
The brief Spanish Zung scale for depression has a clear two-dimensional structure for evaluating depressive symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. New studies should prove this dimensionality in patients with other clinical conditions.


A neutrino propagating through fluctuating matter can experience large amplitude transitions between its states. Such transitions occur in supernovae and compact object mergers due to turbulent matter profiles and neutrino self-interactions. In this paper we study, both numerically and analytically, three-flavour neutrino transformation through fluctuating matter built from two and three Fourier modes. We find flavor transformation effects which cannot occur with just two flavours. For the case of two Fourier modes we observe the equivalent of "induced transparency" from quantum optics whereby transitions between a given pair of states are suppressed due to the presence of a resonant mode between another pair. When we add a third Fourier mode we find a new effect whereby the third mode can manipulate the transition probabilities of the two mode case so as to force complete transparency or, alternatively, restore "opacity" meaning the perturbative Hamiltonian regains its ability to induce neutrino flavour transitions. In both applications we find analytic solutions are able to match the amplitude and wavenumber of the numerical results to within a few percent. We then consider a case of turbulence and show how the theory can be used to understand the very different response of a neutrino to what appears to be two, almost identical, instances of turbulence.


To children, play has an essential role in the development of sensitivity and cognitive. Playfulness and interaction, two properties of interactive media art, would make the interactive media art as suitable play for children. Especially media artworks stimulating five senses as well as physical movement can be the perfect alternate for digital play devices such as game without any side effects while acting as play therapy.


Abstract The objective of this research is to provide appropriate cross-layer architecture for wireless cognitive networks for efficient resource allocation and improved quality of service. We proposed the blackboard model, which is known for coordinating multiple agents (cognitive nodes) in a real-time manner, receiving the current state of information from these nodes, providing conclusions basing on information received from these nodes, updating these nodes with current conclusions, and suggesting needed actions for these nodes. Each cognitive node is assumed as an agent to the blackboard. The parameter values abstracted from these cognitive nodes to blackboard are structured messages that are optimized with respective to an objective function. This paper introduces the cross-layer design of a cognitive network, the role of the blackboard architecture, and possible applications. 1. Introduction Spectrum is a rare resource and efficient utilization of spectrum became a central theme of the research in recent years. Ideal spectrum sensing helps the cognitive radio (CR) user to make correct decisions about utilizing unused spectrum efficiently. Spectrum sensing is the detection of the primary user (PU) in the frequency band of interest and helps to assign the CR user in the absence of the PU. Various techniques are used to detect the presence of the PU. In most of the cases, the CRs use the help of energy detectors (ED) to detect the presence of the PU in the spectrum space. It is also possible that CRs may determine the geographical information (current status) of the PU. The research shows that the geographical information of the PU could be done better using collaborative communication in the cognitive radio networks [1, 2, 3]. Various spectrum sensing techniques were discussed by Kataria [4] including collaborative strategies to solve the spectrum sensing problem. Cognitive radio is considered as spectrum sharing technology and concentrates on spectrum holes without overlapping the primary user signal. For efficient utilization of spectrum holes, the CR must sense the spectrum segments and adapt to use spectrum segments without interference with PU. The physical layer signal structure helps for such flexible operations including power sensing and waveform sensing. The physical layer issues of wide-band CR systems was studied by Tang [5] and suggested that OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is the best physical layer candidate for wide-band CR systems. Further, Dietterich [6] discussed the machine learning techniques in cognitive networks and their influence for the better performance. The panel session of CROWNCOM 2006 [7] on 'Autonomic Communications and Wireless Cognitive Networks' concluded that the cross layer optimization is likely to bring the most benefits by exploring the environmental awareness and that intelligence/cognition should go first in, to produce the highest return on investment. Cognitive radio design poses more implementation challenges since it requires the ability to sense the spectral environment and flexibility to adapt transmission parameters. The design of CR must detect the weak signals as well as very strong signals. The solution may include the adaptive notch filtering (similar to ultra wide band designs), banks of on chip radio frequency (RF) filters possibly using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology such as film-bulk-acoustic-resonator (FBAR), and spatial filtering RF beam-forming through adaptive antenna arrays [8]. The implementation issues in spectrum sensing for CRs are briefly discussed by Cabric [9]. The implementation challenges include a cognitive network where a primary transmitter communicates with primary receivers within the primary exclusive region. The cognitive user transmits and receives outside the guard area of the primary user. Vu [10] discussed the primary exclusive region radius where PUs can transmit safely and where the guard band size protects the primary users from cognitive users. These bounds can help in design of cognitive networks within primary exclusive regions. To meet the demands of world customers of wireless communications, researchers proposed various models. After exploring the dependencies and interactions between layers it was understood that optimum performance and quality of service (QoS) 2008 Ninth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies


Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems store patients' medical information in either structured or unstructured, free-text format such as clinical reports. Pathology notes are a type of clinical reports that may store cancer related information such as diagnoses and description of tissue sample. Data in clinical documents can provide up to 20% of knowledge in addition to structured data stored in discrete fields. The process of extracting information from documents can be time-consuming and non-trivial. We evaluated several natural language processing (NLP) open source tools to extract terms of interest from pathology documents and to incorporate with data already stored in the institutional data warehouse (EDW). Many of the evaluated NLP software tools provide various features, but none suites our immediate need of extracting key pathology terms. This paper discusses our in-house developed framework to identify and extract pathology data points from pathology documents, curate, and load in the EDW. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated and extracted terms were validated with data stored in the institutional electronic medical record system.


Congestive heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality in the Western countries. Although its incidence and prevalence in Colombia is not fully established, it seems to be acquiring epidemic proportions. Several studies have shown that patients with congestive heart failure present cognitive impairments such as memory loss and attention deficit, which are associated with a worse clinical prognosis. The cognitive symptoms are not only indicative of a more advanced heart disease but are also associated with poor adherence to treatment and lower quality of life. Despite their importance, the pathophysiological mechanisms of this relationship have not been clearly defined. It has been suggested that the cerebral hemodynamic changes resulting from a decrease in cardiac output and from the presence of multiple brain microinfarctions secondary to microembolisms could be related to cognitive impairment in patients with congestive heart failure. However, until now no sufficient data are available to confirm this hypothesis.


This study aims to find out the effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenosides on the biochemical index of rat skeletal muscle with exercise-induced fatigue,and established the animal model of treadmill exercise with medium intensity:the rats were divided into 4 groups randomly:control group,model group,Ginsenoside Rb1 group and Ginsenosides group.After two-week experiment,mitochondria membrane potential,calcium ion content,MDA content,SOD activity and glucose content of rat skeletal muscle have been measured;The result shows that both Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenosides can help solve the problems of steady imbalance of Ca2+ and reducation of mitochondria membrane potential in skeletal muscle cells,decrease MDA of skeletal muscle cells,activate SOD activity and gain glucose content in skeletal muscle,p0.05.In conclusion,they can reduce injuries of skeletal muscle cells induced by sports and play a role of anti-fatigue.But on resuming mitochondria membrane potential and decreasing MDA,Ginsenosides is superior to Ginsenoside Rb1.And on solving the problems of steady imbalance of Ca2+,activating SOD activity and gaining glucose content,Ginsenoside Rb1 is superior to Ginsenosides.


In 1956, Walshe used D-penicillamine (pen) to treat patients with Wilson's disease (Walshe 1956). Because of this discovery, suffering from this disease has been greatly alleviated. However, there are instances where patients do not respond to pen and conditions are not improved by this agent. Again, in 1969, Walshe used triethylenetetramine (trien) for the first time to treat Wilson's disease and met with success in patients who did not respond to penicillamine (Walshe 1969). We have studied the interaction of pen and trien with copper ions, and their equilibrium reaction with copper bound to human albumin. Mobilization, organ distribution and excretion of copper by these two agents were investigated in detail in order to gain an understanding of their mode of action in the removal of excess copper in Wilson's disease.


1 Introduction: toward a new illiberal conservatism in Russia and East Central Europe Katharina Bluhm and Mihai Varga Part I. Genealogies 2 Russia's conservative counter-movement: genesis, actors, and core concepts Katharina Bluhm 3 The universal and the particular in Russian conservatism Paul Robinson 4 Against "post-communism": the conservative dawn in Hungary Aron Buzogany and Mihai Varga 5 New conservatism in Poland: the discourse coalition around Law and Justice Ewa Dabrowska 6 The national conservative parties in Poland and Hungary and their core supporters compared: values and socio-structural background Jochen Roose and Ireneusz Pawel Karolewski 7 "Conservative modernization" and the rise of Law and Justice in Poland Krzysztof Jasiecki Part II. Translations 8 The limits of conservative influence on economic policy in Russia Irina Busygina and Mikhail Filippov 9 The "Budapest-Warsaw Express": conservatism and the diffusion of economic policies in Poland and Hungary Ewa Dabrowska, Aron Buzogany, and Mihai Varga 10 Gender in the resurgent Polish conservatism Agnieszka Wierzcholska 11 "Traditional values" unleashed: the ultraconservative influence on Russian family policy Katharina Bluhm and Martin Brand 12 Religious conservatism in post-Soviet Russia and its relation to politics: empirical findings from ethnographic fieldwork Tobias Koellner 13 Ready for diffusion? Russia's "cultural turn" and the post-Soviet space Sebastian Schiek and Azam Isabaev 14 The emergence and propagation of new conservatism in post-communist countries: systematization and outlook Katharina Bluhm and Mihai Varga


Coal pyrolysis was examined in a novel free-jet reactor capable of achieving heating rates greater than 10/sup 4//sup 0/C/s and reaction time on the order of 10 ms. Liquid yields equivalent to the volatile matter in the coals were obtained at temperatures between 900 and 1000/sup 0/C. Below this temperature range, it was found that all coal particles were not reacting. Above this temperature range, secondary cracking of the primary coal liquid produced lighter liquids and gas. Oxygen in the coal associates with the volatile material, concentrating in the liquids below 900/sup 0/c, and then in the gas product as vapor-phase cracking becomes important.


This report contains the results of a preliminary assessment conducted on bounding Hanford Site glass and grout waste forms and their ability to meet selected disposal performance objectives. The study relies solely on previously documented information and engineering judgment, and is not intended to provide definitive information for technology selection or regulatory decisions.


Girinka—or the "one-cow per poor family" program—is currently promoted as a poverty reduction strategy in Rwanda. In this program, resource-poor farmers receive a dairy cow and develop various skills and assets to improve their livelihood. One potential benefit of the program is to improve soil fertility through the application of manure. A study was conducted in the Ngoma district of Rwanda to assess the effectiveness of manure usage and current levels of manure knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the program beneficiaries. Our results suggest that more than 90% of Girinka farmers are using manure, and farmers positively attributed increased crop yields and improved soil fertility to manure use. However, farmers were not consistently using recommended manure management practices, citing lack of manure handling and transporting tools, distance to fields, and poor construction of cow sheds as key limiting factors. Significant differences in manure management, access to information and extension services, and constraints hindering manure usage among male and female farmers were also identified in this study. We recommend stronger emphasis on beneficial manure management practices during the Girinka trainings and suggest several ways to improve the potential benefits of manure usage for Girinka farmers in this region of Rwanda.


Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction has been associated with a worse outcome in heart failure patients undergoing CRT. However, evidence on the RV response to CRT is controversial and there are no data regarding the early effects of CRT on RV function (RVF). We sought to investigate whether a CRT device favourably influences the RVF acutely after implantation, impacting on long‐term outcomes.


Introduction This article describes aspects of the semantics of Japanese verbs of dress, first from a contrastive standpoint vis-à-vis English, and subsequently in terms of their position within the structure of the vocabulary of Japanese. It is hoped that the treatment may draw attention to the semantic interest of this area of the vocabulary in different languages, and to the importance of a hitherto little-described sense relation of oppositeness.


Influences of induction heating continuous annealing(IHCA) on the microstructure of both copper sheath and aluminum core,and intermetallic compound at the Cu/Al interface of cold-drawn copper-clad aluminum wire were investigated,compared with the traditional isothermal annealing in furnace(TIA).The results showed that recovery of both the copper sheath and aluminum core happened when the temperature of IHCA was 250 ℃.Recrystallization began to occur in the copper sheath at 300 ℃ and in the aluminum core at 330 ℃,respectively.Complete recrystallization of both the copper sheath and aluminum core took place at 430 ℃,whose average grain size were 6.0 and 7.3 μm,respectively.An intermetallic compound CuAl2discontinuously formed at the interface at 360 ℃,and continuous CuAl2layer formed at 390 ℃.Both CuAl2layer and Cu9Al4layer formed at the interface at 430 ℃,with average thickness of 0.52 and 0.48 μm,respectively.With further raising the temperature,the grains of both copper sheath and aluminum core grew,and the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer increased slightly.The appropriate IHCA temperature of the cold-drawn copper-clad aluminum wire was 430 ℃.Compared with TIA,IHCA was able to not only refine recrystallized grain of both copper sheath and aluminum core remarkably,but also reduce the thickness of the interfacial intermetallic compound layer in the copper-clad aluminum wire.


LED driving circuit includes a rectifier circuit including a second input terminal connected to a first input terminal and the second AC voltage line connected to the first AC voltage line. Rectifier circuit is configured to convert the second AC voltage of the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage line of the first AC voltage line to a DC voltage. LED drive circuit is connected to a first AC voltage line and the second AC voltage line, a switching circuit configured to generate an AC reference voltage based on the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage a. LED drive circuit on the basis of the AC reference voltage generated, having a power management circuit configured to supply a predetermined current or power LED lamp. LED drive circuit accepts a DC voltage, having a power supply circuit configured to supply the LED circuit a constant current or power. .FIELD 1


The treatment of long-term non-healing wounds in the conditions of purulent surgery departments, widely uses solutions of chemotherapeutic and antiseptic agents. The most common are the solutions of 3–6 % hydrogen peroxide and solutions of 2–10 % sodium chloride. As a rule, solutions of these drugs are used to treat non-healing, particularly, purulent wounds, bedsores and trophic ulcers. Therefore, solutions are injected into the wound area repeatedly in the form of course therapy. The findings show that the mechanism of action of these drugs and the effect of treating long-term non-healing wounds is largely determined by such physical and chemical factors of their local interaction as concentration of the main ingredients, osmotic, alkaline activity and local temperature. The findings point out the leading role of the local temperature and the dependence of the local effect on the concentration. They describe the essence of the innovative method of treatment.


China's entry into WTO has increasingly enlarged the communication with other countries. In the area of cross-culturecommunication, we will inevitably meet with culture shock, puzzlement and disappointment, which tend to be a great challenge in English teaching. It is favorable for those whoare engaged in cross-culture communication and English teaching to get to know its causes, symptoms, process and countermeasures.