The cross section ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{MT}}$ for the elastic momentum transfer of electrons with helium atoms at ultralow energies has been deduced from measurements of the microwave absorptivity of a transient cryogenic afterglow plasma. The electrons were selectively heated by an adjustable-microwave electromagnetic field. This cross section can be approximated as a function of the incident electron kinetic energy ${u}_{e}$ between 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ eV by ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{MT}}({\mathrm{cm}}^{2})=5.15\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}{[{u}_{e}\frac{(\mathrm{eV})}{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}]}^{\ensuremath{-}0.02}$.


We propose an efficient mixture classification technique, which uses electroencephalography (EEG) signals for establishing a communication channel for the physically challenged or immobilized people, by the usage of the brain signals. In order to identify the emotion expressions by an immobilized person, we introduce a novel approach for emotion recognition based on the generalized mixture distribution model. The main benefit of utilizing this model is that it is an asymmetric distribution, which helps to extract the EEG signals, which are either in symmetric or asymmetric form. The skew Gaussian distribution helps to identify the small duration EEG signal sample and helps toward better recognition of emotions in both clean and noisy EEG signals. The proposed method is particularly well suited for the high variability of the EEG signal allowing the emotions to be identified appropriately. The features of the brain signals are extracted by using cepstral coefficients. The extracted features are classified into different emotions using mixture classification techniques. In order to validate the model, six mentally impaired subjects are considered in the age group of 60–68, and an 8-channel EEG signal is utilized to collect the EEG signals under audio-visual stimuli. The basic emotions considered in this study include happy, sad, neutral, and boredom and an average emotion recognition accuracy of 89% is achieved.


Abstract Movement and physical activity (MoPA) are critical to children's health and development. Most children aged 1-5 years are enrolled in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in Sweden. High expectations are placed on educators to deliver education of sufficient quality to support children's development. Purpose The aim of the 18-month-long action-based study was to investigate how 88 ECEC educators in five preschools experienced their MoPA-teaching. Methods The educators planned and implemented MoPA sessions in a trial-and-error manner among children. They filmed sequences from the sessions, which were shown in focus groups led by the researcher. The film sequences were the starting point for the collegial discussions. Results Content analysis of the transcribed focus group discussions revealed three themes with each two subcategories (in brackets): 1. Teaching aspects (educator's competence; educator's role modeling);2. Educational aspects (children's development; children's health and wellbeing); 3. Structural aspects (curriculum; environment). Most educators perceived their competence to teach MoPA as insufficient, which was perceived as a troublesome barrier. The teaching sessions were often replaced with free play. During the project the educators became aware of children's different MoPA-levels and that free play did not always increase the children's motor skills. Despite this awareness, most of the educators were not prepared to leave their comfort zones, to invest time, work, or effort to improve the MoPA-education. Most of the educators felt it was difficult to assume the role of a physically active role model for the children. They demonstrated the need for continuous education to enhance the pedagogic content knowledge for adequate MoPA-teaching. Many educators demonstrated that teaching MoPA was seen as an arduous task, although they were aware of the importance of children's motor skill learning and physical activity for a healthy development. They thought it was difficult to keep moving children in order and they preferred sedentary activities where their leadership was perceived as sufficient. Conclusions The pedagogical content knowledge in MoPA is low among ECEC-educators and the MoPA-teaching is often seen as difficult to implement and is therefore unfavorably treated in ECEC, which may have negative implications for children's actual and future health.


This bachelor's thesis deals with the history of the volunteer firefighters in the Starý Kolin. In
the introduction it is specified the structure of the work and presentation of the basic sources.
The first chapter describes the history of firefighting, laws, and reasons for professionalization
of the firefighters. The second chapter it is about the village Starý Kolin. The main chapter is
the fourth chapter which describe the fire department itself and its fuctioning. The last chapter
deals with nearby fire department in Kolin. The thesis is elaborated from bibliography,
commemorative books of the fire department, protocols from the meetings and archival
documents from SOkA Kolin. In the conclusion are summarizes the results of my thesis.


The purpose of this study is to examine the consequences of bankruptcy decisions on debtor assets outside the territory of Indonesia and to see the extent to which the bankruptcy law provides protection to creditors from debtors whose assets are located outside the territory of Indonesia. This is Normative legal Research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a comparative approach. The results and discussion concluded that the bankruptcy decision handed down by the Commercial Court in Indonesia could have an impact on the debtor's assets outside the territory of Indonesia in accordance with Article 21 of the Bankruptcy Law. The issue of execution is hindered by the principle of territoriality from other countries. The bankruptcy law has not fully provided legal protection for creditors if the debtor has assets outside the territory of Indonesia, as a way for curators to carry out private selling. Indonesia should adopt the Uncitral Model Law on cross-border insolvency (1997) or enter into international agreements, either bilateral or multilateral.


Introduction. Patients in end stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis are at high risk of tuberculosis. Patients and methods. The 4 cases we report illustrate the frequency of extrapulmonary localization and the difficulties to set the diagnosis. Results. The mean age was 34.5 years and the sex ratio 1. The mean delay from the initiation of haemodialysis to the diagnosis of tuberculo- sis infection was 4.25 months. Three cases were extrapulmonary: 2 pleural only, and 1 localised in lymph nodes. One patient had both pleural and lymph node localizations. Two patients showed good clinical response to therapy. Conclusion. For the tuberculosis infection's signs are non-specific, the diagnosis is made by presumption. The early begining of the therapy


The revolution in information technology has lead to the availability of vast and varied collections of music on the digital platform. With the widespread use of smartphones and other personal digital devices, there has been a growing interest in accessing music, based on its various characteristics using information retrieval technologies. But the unavailability of meta-tags or annotations has lead to the need for developing technologies to automatically extract relevant properties of music from the audio. Automatically identifying meta-data from audio like, artist information - especially instrument artists - is a very tough task, even for humans. In this paper, automatic identification of percussion artist is attempted on mridangam audio from Carnatic music concert using probabilistic models. Unlike speaker identification where the voice of the speaker is unique, the timbre of the percussion instruments will be more or less the same across instruments. The distinctive characteristics of a musician can be found in the style of him/her playing the instrument. A single Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is built across all musician data using tonic normalized cent-filterbank-cepstral-coefficients (CFCC) features. Each artist's percussion audio is converted to a sequence of GMM tokens. Sub-string matching between train and test data is used to identify the musician. The performance is evaluated on a dataset of 10 mridangam artist and could identify the artist with an accuracy of 72.5 %.


Chinese civilization has a long history and is profound. Folk art plays an important role in the continuation of Chinese civilization and inherits excellent Chinese traditional culture. It accumulates profound history and culture, and provides a lot of creative materials for modern artists and designers. It is also an important source of inspiration. Especially in the visual communication design, the artistic charm of the traditional folk art shows its abundant resources and far-reaching influence. The introduction of the traditional folk art in the visual communication design can drive the innovation and development of modern art design in China. This paper makes a brief analysis of the significance and countermeasures of the introduction of traditional folk art into the teaching of visual communication design. The traditional folk art reflects the long-standing Chinese traditional folk customs and contains the profound emotional accumulation of the Chinese nation. Many works of art have distinctive characteristics of nationality, which is due to integration of many unique national cultures into the art. Through the excavation and analysis of folktales, customs and their significance, the traditional folk art is introduced into the field of visual communication design to realize the good integration of traditional folk art and modern design and improve the visual effect. 1. Reasons for the Introduce of Traditional Folk Art into the Teaching of Visual Communication Design Chinese folk art is a special category of art classification. Traditional folk art is the desire of the people of our country for life. It is an important part of the treasure of Chinese culture and art. It preserves valuable knowledge and technology, and has a high value and achievement in creative techniques. It is changeable and different in style. From the image, shape, technique, craft, connotation and spirit of folk art, it can be seen the unique way of thinking and aesthetic consciousness of the ancient biographers. Today, its aesthetic form and form type still enrich the visual language of contemporary design, so that the art form presented has profound cultural connotation and national characteristics. In recent years, relatively good visual design communication works are almost all products of the combination of modern ideas and traditional folk art. Traditional art is the product of outstanding national cultural accumulation, especially represented by traditional folk art. The scientific introduction of traditional folk art into the visual communication design can reflect not only the innovation of the ideas, but also the value of the times to a certain extent. The scientific combination of traditional art and modern visual design makes the artistic value of the works a higher level and gives people the enjoyment of beauty. The most important thing is its uniqueness, which has profound practical significance. 2020 International Conference on Social and Human Sciences (ICSHS2020) DOI: 10.38007/Proceedings.0000139 ISBN: 978-1-80052-000-4 771 2. Significance of Introduction of Traditional Folk Art into the Teaching of Visual Communication Design 2.1 Conducive to the Inheritance of Chinese Traditional Folk Art Chinese civilization has lasted for 5000 years, and our traditional art has accumulated quite a lot of cultural essence in the long history. With the development of the economy, culture has also been affected to a certain extent, and it has also been influenced by some foreign cultures. The traditional folk art is also undergoing a severe test. In the new era, we need to examine ourselves and carry out appropriate improvement. Under such a big premise, the right and scientific way to inherit the Chinese traditional art is to combine the national traditional art with the cultural form with the characteristics of the times. It is a good way to keep pace with the times and continue to give full play to traditional art and culture by introducing traditional folk art into visual communication design. The visual communication design itself has a relatively strong information of the times, which is often accessible to modern people. In this way, it is possible to integrate the traditional folk art and the works of visual communication design. In this era of rapid development, the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture is realized. It will be more traditional and unique to integrate modern design into traditional folk art. 2.2 Conducive to the Innovation and Development of Modern Art Design in China Innovation is the theme of the modern era, and it makes life possible. Throughout history, we can find that the development of art design needs innovation. The essence of art design is the pursuit of diversity and individuality. The more innovative art design works are, the higher the value will be. The immutable art design is boring and soulless, and will be eliminated by the fast-development. We should explore the potential resources of society and integrate them into the art design. It is a positive innovation attempt to introduce traditional folk art into visual communication design. By integrating traditional folk art into visual communication design, the creators get some creative inspiration and confidence on the basis of understanding the connotation of traditional art, and make more in-depth works, which is conducive to cultural consciousness and cultural self-confidence. While fully understanding the connotation and beauty of traditional folk art, getting good visual design and innovative design with connotation will be the pursuit and choice of more people. 2.3 Impact on the Formation of Modern Design Evaluation Standards The evaluation criteria of people in evaluating an event and a design work come from the personal life experience, personal value and social and cultural status. Traditional folk art comes from life and is rooted in the folk, and it is easy to give people a sense of intimacy, familiarity and identity. The flexible introduction of traditional folk art into visual communication design will change the standard of modern art evaluation, and such works can better reflect the spirit of national culture. 3. Scientific Strategy of Introducing Traditional Folk Art into the Teaching of Visual Communication Design In the process of visual communication design, the selection of traditional folk art is diverse and flexible. There are various forms and rich contents of traditional folk art in China, which can be introduced to paper-cut, shadow puppet, clay sculpture, and ceramics. Creators should innovate actively and try more. 3.1 Unity of Practicality and Aesthetics and Creation and Integration of Image Every work has its own meaning. Folk traditional art is the unity of practical and aesthetic. Ancient people used stones to create labor tools, and there was the beginning of design. The first pattern on the pottery lay the foundation of folk art. Human beings is a kind of sensory animal, and all of them pursue beauty. On the basis of personal understanding of folk traditional art, it will be effectively integrated into the visual communication design. The concept of "form obeys function"


Aimed at the problem of domestic calibration difficulties of liquid level sensor for spacecraft,a capacitive liquid level calibration device is implemented and designed suitably. The measurement uncertainty of this device was assessed,and a kind of traceability chain of the capacitive liquid level sensor for spacecraft was established. The calculating results show that the measurement uncertainty of the device is approximately equal to 0. 291 mm,which meets the calibration requirements.


The present invention discloses an infrared detector one kind of PIN-type InGaAs mesa and its preparation method. The method comprises: I, growth is formed on the N-InP substrate, the PIN-type epitaxial layer; II, obtained in step I device SiO2 mask layer is provided on the surface, and using photoresist as a mask, wet etching SiO2 mask layer, thereby forming a region having a trapezoidal cross-section etched in the SiO2 mask layer; III, using the SiO2 mask layer by treatment step II dry etching device isolation trench formed therein and having a trapezoidal cross-section; after IV, 2S passivation step to (NH4) III obtained etched sidewall devices, high-k dielectric film is deposited on the surface of the device. Further, the step of etching the III-based etching gas using the device comprises Cl2, SiH4 gas and the passivation and isolation grooves formed therein having a trapezoidal cross section, and forming a silicon rich passivation film on the etched surface. Preparation infrared detector of the present invention is simple, controllable, easy to implement, and the resulting device structure having good properties and excellent in detection performance.


Cervical pregnancy was managed by transabdominal cervical evacuation. Three years later, the woman was delivered of a healthy male infant by cesarean section.


-Over time, many plant pests have grown resistant to commercial pesticides. More pesticides are thus used to combat their effects leading to agricultural expenses and environmental pollution. Biogas slurry is known to have a natural pesticidal effect. This study aimed at analyzing the effects of using two indigenous biogas additives (Terminalia b. and Acanthaceae spp.) in hastening the antimicrobial and pesticidal activity of bioslurry. Kitchen waste was used as the biogas substrate for a retention period of 30 days. The extracts were characterized for pesticidal components before subjecting to antimicrobial analysis. Both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria along with Candida albicans fungus were used for antibacterial and antifungal tests respectively. In vitro efficacy tests were carried out on aphids and fall armyworms and the toxicity studies (acute dermal toxicity and acute dermal irritation) carried out on lab animals. The results indicated abundance of organophosphates with traces of chlorides, organochlorides and carbamates in the test samples. There was significant antifungal and antibacterial properties of the additive samples compared to the control sample (p ≤ 0.05, n= 8). The samples were effective in the control of aphids (Brassica alboglabra) as observed in the in vitro analysis. Suppression of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) was not satisfactory enough. The samples were dermally non-toxic, neither do they induce dermal irritation.


Background: Accurate and rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is very important in a clinical laboratory setting to avoid treatment failure. Methods: A total of 100 non-duplicate Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from different human clinical specimens at 8 different health institutions in Northwestern Nigeria. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify both the S. aureus specific sequence gene and mecA gene of the isolates with the amplicon size of 107 and 532 bp. To accelerate the procedure of identification in clinical microbiology laboratories, simple and rapid method for DNA extraction directlyfrom a single colony was employed. The result of the PCR was compared with conventional methods. Results: All the isolates (n=100) expressed S. aureus specific sequence gene in their PCR products. Only 5 isolates (5.0%) were confirmed as MRSA based on the detection of mecA gene. There was a significant different between MRSA identified on conventional and molecular techniques (P < 0.05). The study reports that the prevalence of mecA gene in S. aureus in Northwestern Nigeria is 5.0% and mecA gene detection is a good predictor of methicillin resistance in S. aureus. Conclusion: On the basis of this finding; establishment of molecular diagnostic laboratory in secondary and tertiary health units is urgently required. The identification of multi-resistant methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (mMSSA) indicates that strict antibiotic and infection control policies are important factors to be considered in health institutions during policy management decision. Control of MRSA infection is essential, and it can be achieved by proper implementation of hospital control measures.


The water quality in Lake Biwa is constantly affected same levels of concentrations in COD, T-N, T-P, but algae bloom or red tide is practically an annual occurrence. So, it is offen inadeguate for a source of water supply. Therefore it is necessary to make improvement to the water purification capacity of the main tributary into Lake Biwa, to augment past water quality preservation meseaurs.This report describes the results of field experiments in water purification using aquatic plants. The water purification mechanism using aquatic plants was analyzed, and the optimum conditions for nutrients removal were determined.The data generated by this study will he utilized for the design and operation of river water purification facilities.


A time-delayed, two photon technique was used for the state selective photolysis of Cs2 producing Cs(52D) and Cs(62P) atoms. Over the visible wavelength range, two kinetics channels for the delayed production of these atoms were characterized.


We make an inventory of the interstellar medium material in three low-metallicity dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Local Group (NGC 147, NGC 185 and NGC 205). Ancillary HI, CO, Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra, Ha and X-ray observations are combined to trace the atomic, cold and warm molecular, ionized and hot gas phases. We present new Nobeyama CO(1-0) observations and Herschel SPIRE FTS [CI] observations of NGC 205 to revise its molecular gas content. We derive total gas masses of M-g = 1.9-5.5 x 10(5) M-circle dot for NGC 185 and Mg = 8.6-25.0 x 10(5) M-circle dot for NGC 205. Non-detections combine to an upper limit on the gas mass of Mg = 0.3-2.2 x 10(5) M-circle dot for NGC 147. The observed gas reservoirs are significantly lower compared to the expected gas masses based on a simple closed-box model that accounts for the gas mass returned by planetary nebulae and supernovae. The gas-to-dust mass ratios GDR similar to 37-107 and 48-139 are also considerably lower compared to the expected GDR similar to 370 and 520 for the low metal abundances in NGC 185 (0.36 Z(circle dot)) and NGC 205 (0.25 Z(circle dot)), respectively. To simultaneously account for the gas deficiency and low gas-todust ratios, we require an efficient removal of a large gas fraction and a longer dust survival time (similar to 1.6 Gyr). We believe that efficient galactic winds (combined with heating of gas to sufficiently high temperatures in order for it to escape from the galaxy) and/or environmental interactions with neighbouring galaxies are responsible for the gas removal from NGC 147, NGC 185 and NGC 205.


Objective To construct the single chain T cell receptor(scTCR) and display it on the surface of yeast cells,and to identify the optimal time point for the display of scTCR.Methods Two variable regions of TCR were connected through the linker by fusion PCR to construct scTCR,which was consequently cloned into the yeast display vector pYD1.The expression of scTCR was determined by confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM),and the expression curve was produced based on the changes in expression level detected by flow cytometry(FCM).The display of scTCR on the surface of yeast cells was confirmed by dot blot assay after treating yeast cells with elution buffer.Results scTCR was successfully constructed and cloned into the pYD1.The display of scTCR on the surface of yeast cells was identified by CLSM,and the expression peak appeared at 24 h after induction.With the eluted protein from yeast surface,dot blot assay further confirmed the expression and display of scTCR.Conclusion scTCR constructed by fusion TCR could express and display on the surface of yeast cells,which laid the foundation for the construction of yeast display scTCR library and the determination of optimal time point for induced expression and clone scanning.


Hirschsprung disease is a multifactorial disease, which is mainly treated during childhood. There is a risk of impaired bowel function for a long time after surgery, and its impact on adult life has not been well studied. This study assessed whether having Hirschsprung disease affected social parameters such as educational level and income.


In 2007, a public panel discussion took place between Jurgen Habermas and professors of the Jesuit University in Munich about the place and importance of religion in and for the (post-) secular society. Habermas there explained that the relation between society and religion has its counterpart on a personal level as the relation between reason and faith. Habermas points out that practical reason can only understand itself, if it clarifies its relation to the religious consciousness. This paper attempts to articulate and clarify the form of this twofold relation.


In this paper, after closed loop system identification is reviewed, asymptotic analysis and finite sample analysis for closed loop system identification are studied respectively, corresponding to the infinite data and finite data. More specifically, within the framework of infinite data, the cost function is modified to its simplified form, and one optimal feedback controller is obtained based on our own derivations. The simplified cost function and optimal feedback controller are benefit for practical application. Furthermore, the asymptotic variance of that optimal feedback controller is also yielded from the point of asymptotic analysis. In the case of finite data, finite sample properties are constructed for closed loop system identification, then one difference between the sampled identification criterion and its corresponding expected criterion is derived as an explicit form, which can bound one guaranteed interval for the sampled identification criterion. Finally, one simulation example is used to prove the efficiency of our proposed theories.


Abstract Conspicuous ornaments are often considered a result of evolution by sexual selection. According to the social selection hypothesis, such conspicuous traits may also evolve as badges of status associated with increased boldness or aggression toward conspecifics in conflicts about ecological resources. This study tested predictions from the social selection hypothesis to explain evolution of conspicuous red color of the pelvic spines of the three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Wild nonreproducing sticklebacks were presented to pairs of dummies which differed at their pelvic spines, having either (i) normal‐sized gray or red pelvic spines or (ii) normal‐sized gray or large red pelvic spines. The experimental tank was illuminated by white or green light, since green light impedes the sticklebacks' ability to detect red color. The dummies moved slowly around in circles at each end of the experimental tank. We quantified the parameters (i) which of the two dummies was visited first, (ii) time taken before the first visit to a dummy, (iii) distribution of the focal sticklebacks in the two zones close to each of the two dummies and in the neutral zone of the tank, (iv) close to which of the two dummies did the focal fish eat its first food‐piece, and (v) time spent until the first piece of food was eaten. This was carried out for 22 females and 29 males sticklebacks. The results suggested no effect of the color or size of the dummies' pelvic spines, on none of the five behavioral parameters. Moreover, neither the color of the pelvic spines of the focal sticklebacks themselves (as opposed to redness of the dummies' spines) nor their body length was associated with behavior toward the dummies. Thus, this study did not support predictions from the social selection hypothesis to explain evolution of red pelvic spines in sticklebacks.


The author discusses the way in which Islam has been cast as a political problem in Belgium and how Muslims have, particularly in Flanders, become framed by politicians and commentators in the media as a threat. The actual socioeconomic difficulties that Muslims (particularly those of Turkish and Moroccan descent) face are being redrawn as problems stemming from their culture and religion. State agencies are trying to shape the political organisation that will represent Belgian Muslims, as the issue of Islam is increasingly debated in terms of the 'clash of civilisations', and secularism and the Enlightenment are linked in public debate with a Christian Europe.


Padding, drying, steaming and baking are the basic unit processes of continuous dyeing; special aspects of this very wide range of processes have been examined.

A new technique of padding has been developed in which the air in the material is removed by applying a high vacuum. The material is then immersed in the treating liquor without release of the vacuum; impregnation occurs on release of the vacuum. This technique can also be used in batchwise dyeing. Its advantages are that penetration is greatly improved and excellent results are obtained on completely unprepared material without the need to use wetting agents; in batchwise dyeing the uniformity of dye absorption during the initial stages of dyeing is improved. In this padding system, the pressure of the atmosphere forces the liquor into every interstice of the material, in contrast to the situation in conventional padding, where the trapped air opposes the pressure of the pad mangle. Results of the application of this technique are illustrated and discussed.

Drying, steaming and baking have been considered as heat- and mass-transfer unit operations, and the techniques and data of chemical engineering have been applied to show that this approach can give much useful information to the dyer without the need for difficult empirical experimentation. There are, however, few data derived on a textile basis; even so, the standard data available show reasonable agreement with textile experience. More data in this field are required. Thoughtful use of such studies could lead to improved textile processing machinery.

Finally, the ICI high-temperature (HT) steaming process (with superheated steam) and continuous pressure steaming are compared with comparable conventional treatments. The advantages and limitations of these systems are discussed. The two new methods are shown to be complementary, but the HT steaming process is more versatile in application and simpler in design.


*Corresponding author: Seyyed Saeed Khabiri, MD; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 6715847167, Kermanshah, Iran Tel: +98 83 38367984; Email: email@example.com Please cite this paper as: Khabiri SS. Preparing practical in-person evidence-based journal club in COVID-19 crisis. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2020;8(3):146-147. DOI: 10.30476/jamp.2020.86217.1225. Received: 24 April 2020 Accepted: 20 May 2020 Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism


Liquid index is one of the most important indices of clayey soils.It describes the consistency of the cohesive soils and it is widely used to empirically assess the bearing capacity of the cohesive strata.During the geotechnical investigation,it is often noted that the liquid index of soft clay obtained from the remolded state appears to be higher than that obtained from the undisturbed soils samples.After the microstructure studies,it is concluded that three different waters exist in the cohesive soil fabric: strong bonded water,weak bonded water and free water.The consistency is not determined by all of the waters around the clay particles,but is determined by the statement of water connecting the clay particles.The thickness of water membrane connecting the clay particles at the in-situ condition is thinner than those at remolded condition.So the in situ soils are stiffer than those remolded soils with.Since the remolded soil is used in laboratory test to obtain liquid limit and plastic limit,liquid index is more suitable to assess the statement of remolded soil other than the in situ soils.


This thesis is dedicated to the development of numerical methods for poromechanics, and to their application in a cardiac modeling context. It is motivated by the introduction into existing cardiac models of the coronary network that perfuses the myocardium, to better describe coronary vascular diseases.Drawing our inspiration from existing works, we propose a perfused heart model, and a 0D reduction allowing the cost-effective reproduction of a realistic cardiac cycle with perfusion mass and pressure. The model derived illustrates physiological phenomena inaccessible in former models, and with great clinical application potential, such as vasodilatation and coronary diseases.The integration of a porous compartment to represent the perfused myocardium within 3D models is more challenging. Relying on splitting time schemes established for fluid-structure interaction to model blood vessels, we propose a semi-implicit discretization of a general poromechanics formulation, satisfying a discrete energy balance. In order to illustrate and validate our approach, we reproduce in the finite element software FreeFem++ classical swelling and drainage 2D test cases, and we monitor the discrete energy balance.Finally, motivated by the study of spatial discretization aspects of our problem, we establish in a linear framework a conditional total convergence result. This enables us to propose a computational method easy to implement and presenting good stability results. FreeFem++ enables us again to validate our results, illustrating numerical pathologies associated with incompressibility, and their efficient treatment with the proposed strategies, first in a linear framework and then in a more general situation.


Chopin.Fryderyk(1810-1849)is a distinguished Poland patriotism musician,is also a great composers in the romantic period in the 19th century.He,who not only has formed his own artistic style but also shown his fervent patriotism,is engaged in music composition all his lifetime.Thus the characteristics of his composition are unique and different from others.


Resorcinol formaldehyde (R/F) aerogels have been used in a variety of laser targets for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments in the form of thin films, cast shapes such as cylinders and cubes, and hollow and solid microspheres. Besides ICF experiments, R/F aerogel can be used for capacitors, batteries, thermal insulation, absorption/filtration media, and chromatographic packing applications. Traditionally, R/F aerogel is synthesized using a 2-step (base/acid catalysis) polycondensation reaction. We have developed a novel process to synthesize the R/F aerogel using free radical UV initiator at room temperature in 10 minutes using a UV light source. This paper will review this process , which was developed to synthesize R/F aerogels using UV-free radical initiators. Scanning electron microscopy results will also be discussed to show that the aerogel pore structure is similar to traditional R/F aerogels. Fabrication of solid and hollow microspheres for ICF experiments using this R/F aerogel synthesis technique and the technique's limitations will also be discussed.


An astronomy laboratory exercise is discussed in the context of its use by an introductory class of liberal arts undergraduates. Information concerning the orbit of Mercury is obtained with the emphasis on deriving results by methods readily visualized by such students and from observations they understand. The experiment is believed suitable also for high school classes and, by the described additions, can be adapted for introductory classes more conversant with mathematics and science.


Based on the various laboratory experiments, polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaics such as copper indium diselenide (CIS)-based alloys have exhibited device efficiencies higher than 16·0% as well as the potential for low production costs of $1·00 W−1 for the monolithically integrated modules. However, these potentials have not been realized during large-scale production due to complex manufacturing operations. Global Solar Energy (GSE) has been successful in developing a large-scale manufacturing process for CIS modules that incorporates intelligent processing. One of the main factors in GSE's success is the use of a 'consortium approach' to bring together a group of companies and universities with the necessary expertise to develop the complex CIS technologies. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Aparna Pande, Making India Great: The Promise of a Reluctant Global Power (Noida: Harper Collins, 2020), xxviii + 208 pp., ₹599, ISBN 978-93-5357-801-5 (Hardback).


Background Detecting a benefit from closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with cryptogenic stroke is hampered by low rates of stroke recurrence and uncertainty about the causal role of patent foramen ovale in the index event. A method to predict patent foramen ovale-attributable recurrence risk is needed. However, individual databases generally have too few stroke recurrences to support risk modeling. Prior studies of this population have been limited by low statistical power for examining factors related to recurrence. Aims The aim of this study was to develop a database to support modeling of patent foramen ovale-attributable recurrence risk by combining extant data sets. Methods We identified investigators with extant databases including subjects with cryptogenic stroke investigated for patent foramen ovale, determined the availability and characteristics of data in each database, collaboratively specified the variables to be included in the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism database, harmonized the variables across databases, and collected new primary data when necessary and feasible. Results The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism database has individual clinical, radiologic, and echocardiographic data from 12 component databases, including subjects with cryptogenic stroke both with (n = 1925) and without (n = 1749) patent foramen ovale. In the patent foramen ovale subjects, a total of 381 outcomes (stroke, transient ischemic attack, death) occurred (median follow-up 2·2 years). While there were substantial variations in data collection between studies, there was sufficient overlap to define a common set of variables suitable for risk modeling. Conclusion While individual studies are inadequate for modeling patent foramen ovale-attributable recurrence risk, collaboration between investigators has yielded a database with sufficient power to identify those patients at highest risk for a patent foramen ovale-related stroke recurrence who may have the greatest potential benefit from patent foramen ovale closure.


The invention relates to a method for producing low-temperature polyester fiber double-color strip fabric. By the method, the production process flow of the strip fabric is optimized, energy resources are saved to the greatest extent and the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, performing a weaving process, namely weaving grey cloth on a double-sided circular knitting machine by selecting a low-temperature polyester fiber yarn and a positive ion yarn as upper face yarns and an ordinary polyester fiber yarn as a bottom face yarn according to double-sided acrylic cloth; and 2, performing dyeing and finishing processes, namely removing oil from the grey cloth, placing in a vat, throwing disperse dye stuff and positive dye stuff in a dye vat, dyeing in a bath, raising the temperature of dye liquid in the dye vat from room temperature to between 96 and 99 DEG C, preserving temperature for 40 to 60 minutes, reducing and washing for 20 to 30 minutes at the temperature of between 60 and 80 DEG C, taking the cloth out, dewatering, drying, forming and obtaining a finished product.


The invention relates to a method for producing a basic amino acid from the fermentation broth of the basic amino acid-producing microorganism strain, in which a) the fermentation broth with an acid whose b) separating the basic amino acid from the obtained in step a) aqueous broth by successive loading of a single-stage or a multistage, serial arrangement of a strongly acidic cation exchanger in its salt form with the compound obtained in step a) broth and eluting the basic amino acid with a basic eluent ,


Machining process is a complicated, multivariant and dynamic system and an effective control of the process is one of the most essential requirements for the manufacturing system automation. In this paper, the creation and characteristics of holonic control and the development of intelligent control of machining process are summarized, and the characteristics and development tendency of the intelligent monitoring system of machining process are analyzed. It is pointed out that more progress of intelligent control technology and holonic control theory will establish a sound foundation for making intelligent control of machining process evolve to higher intelligence.


Dykeman grew up in the Beaverdam area, an only child who had to make her own entertainments. She began writing poetry as a child. She describes her two years at Biltmore Junior College (predecessor of UNCA), where she was co-editor of the literary magazine Bluets. After graduation from Northwestern University, she married William Stokely with whom she collaborated on several books about race relations in the South. She talks about the Depression, World War II, and the Vietnam Era. She talks about teaching at the University of Tennessee and leading workshops at Berea College. She shares her thoughts about changes in society and in the teaching profession.


The objective of this paper is to undertake a study of comparative law between Latin American countries in order to determine the existence of integrated laws that protect property rights for computer programs. Likewise, a brief analysis of various rights and limitations imposed is realized. The study begins by defining the objective of this research (software), and analyzes some of the situations that can occur when trying to determine the property of the same, and which also includes programs created within labor and contractual relations.


Since the conventional anticancer drugs encounter many obstacles, nanotechnology offers a wide range of new possibilities among which are polymersomes


Physical analyses by laser ablation coupled to a mass quadrupole spectrometry technique on different metallic samples (standards of calibration, minerals and old bronze coins) have been undertaken. Laser ablation induces controllable surface layer removal in high vacuum. Contemporary mass spectrometry analyzes mass elements, mass compounds and isotopic relative content. A comparison between the experimental isotopic ratios and the expected values from the natural abundance is presented. The differences are discussed in terms of the technique's limitations and of the fluctuations due to geographic areas of the material's provenience. Measurements of stable isotopic ratios in copper, lead and tin have been performed in old Egyptian coins. Results confirm that the minerals contained in the coins come from different geographical locations and mines. Results are presented and discussed from the point of view of the physical technique, geological areas and archaeological aspects of peculiar investigated samples.


Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) are arboviruses that cause infections in humans and can causeclinical complications, representing a worldwide public health problem. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of these pathogens and Culex quinquefasciatusmay be a potential ZIKV vector. This study aimed to evaluate fecundity, fertility, survival, longevity, and blood feeding activity in Ae. aegypti after exposure to ZIKV and CHIKV and, in Cx. quinquefasciatusexposed to ZIKV.Three colonies were evaluated: AeCamp(Ae. aegypti -field),RecL (Ae. aegypti - laboratory)and CqSLab (Cx. quinquefasciatus - laboratory). Seven to 10 days-old females from these colonies were exposed to artificial blood feeding with CHIKV or ZIKV. CHIKV caused reduction in fecundity and fertilityinthe natural population, AeCamp and reduction in survival and fertility in RecL.ZIKV impacted survival in RecL, fertility in AeCamp. and fecundity and fertility in CqSLab. Both viruses had no effect on blood feeding activity. These results show that CHIKV produces a higher biological cost in Ae. aegypti, compared to ZIKV, and ZIKV differently alters the biological performance in colonies of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. These results provide a better understanding over the processes of virus-vector interaction and can shed light on the complexity of arbovirus transmission.


We have demonstrated production of antihydrogen in a 1 T solenoidal magnetic field. This field strength is significantly smaller than that used in the first generation experiments ATHENA (3 T) and ATRAP (5 T). The motivation for using a smaller magnetic field is to facilitate trapping of antihydrogen atoms in a neutral atom trap surrounding the production region. We report the results of measurements with the Antihydrogen Laser PHysics Apparatus (ALPHA) device, which can capture and cool antiprotons at 3 T, and then mix the antiprotons with positrons at 1 T. We infer antihydrogen production from the time structure of antiproton annihilations during mixing, using mixing with heated positrons as the null experiment, as demonstrated in ATHENA. Implications for antihydrogen trapping are discussed.


Context: Carrying angle and body mass index (BMI) varies among individuals and therefore significant in forensic medicine and anthropology.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the BMI of healthy adolescents from Abraka had an impact on the carrying angle of the elbow joint. This research was also aimed at determining the variation of carrying angle among male and female adolescents from Abraka in Nigeria.Settings and Design: The multi-stage sampling technique was employed in this cross sectional study.Methods and Materials: Three hundred and eighty-four volunteers between the ages of 10 to 19 years (mean 14years) were investigated.Statistical analysis used: The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to establish the relationship between carrying angle and body mass index among the adolescents. The independent t test was used to determine gender differences in carrying angle among the participants.Results: Gender had no significant effect on the mean carrying angle irrespective of the side (p>0.05). There was a weak positive correlation between right carrying angle (M=12.411, SD=1.719) and BMI (M=18.730, SD=2.613), with r=0.144 and p<0.05. It was also observed that there was a weak positive correlation between left carrying angle (M=12.480, SD=1.787) and BMI (M=18.730, SD=2.613), with r=0.017 and p<0.05.Conclusion: The BMI of adolescents in Delta State has an impact on the carrying angle of the elbow joint.


The complete polyoxidometallate anion in the title compound, (CH6N3)4[H6V4As6O30]·4H2O, is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The polyhedral building units are distorted VO6 octahedra and AsO3OH tetrahedra. The VO6 units feature a short formal V=O double bond and are linked by a common edge. Two such V2O6 double octahedral units are linked by four isolated AsO3OH tetrahedra to complete the anion, which features two internal O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the polyoxidometallate anions generate (01-1) sheets. The sheets are connected by cation-to-cluster N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and cation-to-water N—H⋯O links also occur. The O atom of one of the water molecules is disordered over two sites in a 0.703 (17):0.297 (17) ratio.


The article analyzes legal regulation of an order of carrying out medico-social examination in the Russian Fed-eration. The concept of medico-social examination is present-ed, subjects of its carrying out are defined, Rules of recognition of the person are investigated by the disabled person. Condi-tions of recognition of the citizen are allocated by the disabled person. It is emphasized that a result of recognition of the per-son the disabled person is also development of the individual program of rehabilitation. As the common conclusion it is specified that the modern order of carrying out medico-social examination has a bias towards regulation of activity of the appropriate public authorities and establishments. Legal acts do not provide the corresponding rights to citizens, and also ef-ficient ways and methods of protection of the broken interests. The citizen, being in the difficult life situation, being socially vulnerable person, cannot resist to possible violations of the rights. The exit seems in activization, on the one hand, the specialized human rights organizations which are engaged in protection of the rights of patients, another – self-regulation activization in the health care sphere.


1
Introduction

2
Dithiolenes and Diselenolenes

3
Dithiocarbamates

4
L2Au and LnAg Complexes

5
Phosphine Gold Halides

6
Phosphine Gold Thiolates and Mixed Donor Ligands

7
Phosphorus Ylides

8
Organometallics

9
Drugs

10
Imides and Anilides

11
Other Ligands and Structural Types

Keywords:

gold and silver complex electrochemistry;
dithiolenes and diselenolenes;
dithiocarbamates;
phosphine gold halides;
phosphine gold thiolates and mixed donor ligands;
imides and anilides;
organometallics;
cyclic voltammetry measurement


This paper deals with the vibration control of a cantilever honeycomb sandwich plate by using Macro-Fiber Compos- ite (MFC) piezoelectric actuator. Firstly, the honeycomb plate is equivalent to an orthogonal anisotropic plate. Secondly driving force and bending moment formulas of MFC actuator are derived based on the constitutive relations of the piezoelectric mate- rial, the equivalent parameters and bend deformation theory. The result reveals that driving force and bending moment not only depend on the driving voltage and piezoelectric strain constants (d33), but also have relationship with the elastic modulus of honeycomb plate. To simulate the vibration of cantilever honeycomb plate structure, the governing equation of the plate bonded with MFC actuators is derived. Finally, the vibration by proportional derivative (PD) control of system with MFC actuator is simulated. The results show that better control performance is obtained by using MFC actuator when system under impulse excitation and steady state sine excitation. The vibration amplitude is diminished over 75% under PD control.


The cardinal role of the antiglobulin reaction in the diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic disease (AH D) is generally recognized. Recent literature on this topic makes clear how closely our concepts of the pathogenesis of these disorders are related to the mechanisms of this reaction and to ways in which antiglobulin reactivity can be conferred experimentally upon red cells. Two patterns of direct red cell antiglobulin reactions, the anti-y and anti-non-y reactions, have been known since 1951.' These two patterns of the antiglobulin reaction are also encountered when the erythrocytes of patients with AHD are examined with appropriate antiglobulin reagents. There is still a paucity of data which permits correlation of these two serological reactions with the clinical aspects of the associated hemolytic process or underlying disease. This paper will first review briefly several recent contributions, particularly work by John P. Leddy, to understanding of the mechanisms by which red cells become antiglobulin reactive in uitro. Secondly, studies from our laboratories of the nature of the proteins which are found on the erythrocytes of patients with AHD will be summarized. On this background, a summary of the findings of a five year clinical and serological survey of a large group of patients seen in our clinics will be presented; antiglobulin reagents which permit distinction of the anti-y and anti-non-y reactions have been employed in the Coombs' tests carried out on these patients. It is generally agreed that the anti-non-y antiglobulin reaction detects primarily the early reacting portion of complement (C') component 3 on the red cells, specifically component C'3,, the plC-plA protein of MullerEberhard. The anti-non-7 sera used in these studies had primarily this specificity although certain sera may have had specificity for other C' components in addition to this primary specificity. The anti-y sera employed reacted specifically with y2 globulin. In early 1963, C. A. was seen in our clinic with classical quinine hypersensitivity thrombocytopenia. Her red cells were found to be directly reactive with an anti-C' antiglobulin reagent, although there was no clinical evidence of hemolysis. Leddy subsequently demonstrated that normal red cells, and later the patient's own red cells when they had become Coombs' negative, could be rendered reactive to an anti-C' antiglobulin serum, and presumably


The present invention provides a bar circuit for reducing cross talk and eddy current of an integrated circuit. The bar circuit comprises a semiconductor substrate with a first conductivity type; a strip of first well with a second conductivity type in the semiconductor substrate; and a strip of second well with the second conductivity type in the semiconductor substrate. The strip of second well is located below and adjacent to the strip of first well, whereby forms a junction barrier for reducing the cross talk and the eddy current.


This paper introduces principles for the creation of the Maritime Safety and Security Lab, and its possible impact on the Alpe Adria Region. Maritime trade is discussed as a principal source of globalization, as along with global maritime trade statistics. Maritime accidents causing economic and environmental damage amounting to billions of euros are briefly highlighted. Maritime security issues, increased after 9/11, are briefly discussed, as well as how the lack of research on security impacts the supply chain. As a result, the authors state that only good cooperation between the maritime and logistic sectors in the region is a winning solution for this problem. The integration of safety, security and commercial information and data are the only favourable safeguards against disasters and security threats in the region.security and commercial information and data are only favourable safeguard against disasters and security threats in region.


The media have a critical role to play in informing and changing public opinion on climate change, "the defining human development issue of our generation" (United Nations Development Programme for Human Development Report, 2008, 1). Developing countries are most likely to suffer the worst effects of climate change, yet few studies exist on climate change communication in the media in developing countries and in particular in Africa. Studies on climate change communication in the media focus mostly on the print media and on developed countries yet in Africa more people consume their news through television or radio. So far no study has examined television news reports of a United Nations Conference of the Parties in Africa. This study examines the way four South African television news stations (three public and one private) framed climate change news over six weeks: two weeks before, during and after the 17th United Nations Conferences of the Parties in Durban (COP17) South Africa, 2011/11/07 – 2012/01/07. Coding words were used to identify climate change stories in the main news casts on SABC 1, 2, 3 and e.tv each day. These were transcribed and in the cases of SABC1 and 2 broadcasts translated from three indigenous languages (Afrikaans, isiXhosa and isiZulu) into English. A quantitative, descriptive statistical analysis looked at the occurrence of four primary frames in these climate change stories, using binary coding questions to identify each frame. The results in the binary coding sheets were analysed by using spreadsheets. The coding questions were also used to identify and explore secondary and additional frames, which were then illustrated in graphs. Differences in framing between public and private television were also illustrated in graphs (for example local versus foreign stories, time devoted to stories, depth of stories and occurrence of climate change stories with a human angle). Secondly, a qualitative inductive analysis of text and visual material looked at links between frames (for example the link between extreme weather conditions and human action using cause and impact visuals, as Framed: COP17 on South African Television: 5 well as the link between news image and source – the framing of the politician, the activist and the scientist.) This section also looked at emotionally anchoring images of hope and guilt and the role of banners, posters and maps in climate change stories on television. Though other studies claim that coverage of the summit was "almost invisible" (Finlay 2012, 16) this study shows very high coverage on especially SABC 1 (isiXhosa and isiZulu). The following hypotheses were confirmed: the political/economic frame will dominate on all stations during COP17 but the ecological frame will be highest on at least some stations in the weeks after COP17. The ethics frame will be dominated by the secondary "Inequality/Justice" frame while the "Religion" frame will be of minimal importance. When activists set the agenda, the motivational frame will hardly feature. Climate change scepticism will receive little attention on South African television. Local (South African and African) stories will be more prominent on public television than on private television.


The high-strength 8 mm-thick autobody sheets were prepared via TMCP on a 1 750 mm hot tandem mill.Then,the microstructure and mechanical properties of specimens of the sheet were tested and investigated by means of optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results showed that the microstructure of specimen is mainly composed of fine-grained ferrite and carbides distributed along the ferrite grain boundaries.The yield and tensile strengths of specimens are about 650 and 740 MPa,respectively,and the values of strain hardening exponent(n)and plastic strain ratio(r)are 0.12 and 0.80,respectively,thus providing well-matched strength with toughness.In short,the fine-grained ferrite and TiC nano-precipitates play an effective role in strengthening the steel.


The crystallization temperature of plasma sprayed Fe-based amorphous alloy coating is about 590℃.When the heat treatment temperature is about the crystallzation temperature or up to that,the amorphous alloy coating crystallizes directly to form sub-stable F 23(C,B) 6 and F 23B 6 compound phases,which will decompose and finally transform to stable phase,i.e.Fe-3B phase and Fe solution phase with the heat treatment times prolonging.The decomposing velocity of Fe 23(C,B) 6 and Fe 23B 6 phases will increase with the heat temperature rising.The coatings'micro-hardness changing is corresponding with the microstructure changing during the crystallizing procedure,with the temperature rising or the time prologing,the hardness decreases linearly.The grain size of crystallizing coating is about 20nm after 590℃,4h heat treatment,and that is about 5μm after 660℃,4h heat treatment.With the temperature increasing,the bond between the splats in the coating enhanced,and the grains grow up.


Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) offer the potential for the development of communication tools between the brain and external devices. The current BMI technologies for recording and modulation of electric signals from the brain have made significant contributions to areas such as neuroscience, disease diagnosis, and rehabilitation. Next-generation BMIs require long-term stable recording and modulation of electrical signals from statistically significant neuron populations with millisecond single-cell spatiotemporal resolution. However, there are challenges to achieving this stability due to the mechanical and geometrical mismatches between electronics and the brain tissue. In addition, the requirement to achieve cell-type-specific neuromodulation and transmit and process the ever-increasing volume of data on-the-fly necessitates the implementation of smart electronics. In this review, we first summarize the requirements, challenges, and current limitations of BMIs. We then highlight three major approaches to the fabrication of flexible electronics as implantable electronics, aimed at enabling long-term stable and gliosis-free BMIs. The progress of multifunctional electronics for multimodal recording and modulation of cell-type-specific components in the brain is also discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the integration of wireless and closed-loop modulation, and on-chip processing as smart electronic components for BMIs. Finally, we examine the remaining challenges in this field and the future perspectives for how flexible and smart electronics can address these problems and continue to advance the field of BMIs.


Regression surface analysis was used to examine relations between the family environment and measures of academic achievement at different levels of school-related attitudes for 800 11-year-old children from different Australian social groups. The sample included lower social-status families from the following groups: Anglo Australian (250), Greek (170), recent English immigrants (120), and Southern Italian (120). In addition, there were 140 Anglo-Australian middle social-status families. A semi-structured family interview schedule was used to assess parents' aspirations for the child, press for English in the family, satisfaction with the child's school, and satisfaction with teaching in the school. Standardized tests were used to measure performance in mathematics, word knowledge, and word comprehension while an attitude schedule was devised to assess children's affective commitment to school and their academic adjustment to school. The regression surfaces were generated from models that examined possible linear, interaction, and curvilinear relations between the variables. Results indicate that there are differential relations between family environments, attitudes, and children's academic achievement within the ethnic and social-status groups. Tentative support is provided for a theoretical framework which suggests that there can be no change of social reality which is not the common effect of pre-existing social values and individual attitudes acting upon them.


An unusual aspect of this conference was its focus on state-level energy and climate policies. The lack of federal leadership on these issues within the U.S.A. has opened a window of opportunity at the state level for policy entrepreneurs. California acted in 2005 with an executive order establishing greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, ratified in 2006 by the state legislature. New Jersey acted in 2007, helped along by the fact-finding, target-setting effort leading to this conference. The thoughtful discussions and careful analysis that played out during 2006 and early 2007 played a role in giving policymakers and stake holders the confidence to act decisively. Thus, by February 2007, New Jersey's governor had penned an executive order setting two greenhouse gas targets: reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, and reduce emissions to 80% below current levels by 2050.


In practical situations and under normal operating conditions, the generating capacities of power plants are larger than the sum of power losses and load demand. Also, power plants have different fuel costs and are not the same distance from the load centers. Hence the need for developing improved methods of economic dispatch of generated power from mostly remote locations to major load centers in the urban cities. Various methods adopted for optimal power dispatch are either cumbersome in their computational approaches or slow. This work utilized a modified Lambda-iterative technique developed in [1] to solve economic load dispatch (ELD) problems. The results obtained compared favorably with five other available ELD techniques and showed improved incremental cost values while meeting the specified generator limits.


PURPOSE
To compare the impact on family of four categories of technology-dependent children.

METHOD
A purposive sample of families receiving both public and private services in 13 cities representing census regions included 848 primary caregivers of technology-dependent children ages 3 months to 19 years being cared for at home. A structured telephone interview was used.

FINDINGS
A significant difference among the four types of technology dependency for impact on the family was found (MANOVA F test = 9.43; p = 0.0001). One-way ANOVA F tests showed that the means among the four groups varied on the subscale: financial burden, family social impact, and personal strains.

CONCLUSION
The findings have implications for nurses who provide support and assistance to families with technology-dependent children.


The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), induces stable tolerogenesis in dendritic cells (DCs). This process involves the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which translocates to the nucleus, binds its cognate genomic sites, and promotes epigenetic and transcriptional remodeling. In this study, we investigated the interplay between the VDR and other transcription factors to induce DNA methylation changes that might provide phenotypic stability to the tolerogenic phenotype of DCs. Our study reveals the occurrence of vitamin D-specific DNA demethylation and transcriptional activation at VDR binding sites associated with the acquisition of tolerogenesis. Tolerogenic properties in DCs are acquired together with activation of the IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway. In fact, VDR directly binds the IL6 gene, and JAK2-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation is specific to vitamin D stimulation. VDR and the phosphorylated form of STAT3 interact with each other and with methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2 following vitamin D treatment. Most importantly, pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation reverts the vitamin-induced tolerogenic properties of DCs. Our results reveal an interplay between VDR and STAT3 leading to the DNA demethylation-dependent induction of tolerogenesis by vitamin D.


pH off the culture dropped to 3.0 at the end of incuba tion. The temperature of the culture was subsequently raised to 40•Ž and shaken continuously for 6hr. This incubation at 40•Ž for 6hr caused a reduction in Ts cell viability, as expressed by colony forming ability, to a level 30% of that after subsequent incubation at 30•Ž. The cell viabilities of the parent strain, 1131, did not differ significantly regardless the subsequent incubation was made at 30•Ž or 40•Ž. An aliquot of 5ml of culture medium was centrifuged to harvest the cells. The cell pellet was rinsed and suspended for 2hr in 5% glutaraldehyde solution in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The cells were collected, rinsed and suspended for 30min in 1% osmic acid solution in the same buffer. The cells were then collected and dehydrated with 50, 70, 90 and 99.5% ethanol sequentially and finally with isoamyl alcohol followed by dessication in liquidized carbon dioxide at the critical temperature and the pressure point. Carbon was deposited against the cells, and then the electron microscopic observation was made with a Hitachi-Akashi Scanning Electron Microscope MSM-4. Strain 1131 was subjected to observation in the same manner to examine the profile of the control parent strain. Figure 1-A, B and C represent typical electron micro-


Simple Summary We present the results of a prospective trial of systemic chemoimmunotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma including the intra-arterial administration of methotrexate and carboplatin with blood–brain barrier disruption. The safety, response rates, and survival outcomes were favorable. Previous reports of the intra-arterial administration of therapy with blood–brain barrier disruption for this disease have also demonstrated safety and favorable outcomes, but there has been a slow uptake of this approach, partially out of concern that the technique may be difficult to implement across centers. Our data provide further prospective evidence that this approach can be implemented elsewhere with safety and confirm the effectiveness previously reported in a single institution study. These data motivate further study of this approach not only for PCNSL but also for other diseases that exist behind the blood–brain barrier. Abstract Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare but aggressive brain malignancy. It is associated with poor prognosis even with the current standard of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and tolerability of blood–brain barrier disruption treatment combined with high-dose treatment with autologous stem cell transplantation as consolidation on primary central nervous system lymphoma patients. We performed a prospective phase II study for 25 patients with previously untreated primary central nervous system lymphoma. The blood–brain barrier disruption treatment was initiated 3–4 weeks after the MATRix regimen using the previously optimized therapy protocol. Briefly, each chemotherapy cycle included two subsequent intra-arterial blood–brain barrier disruption treatments on days 1 and 2 via either one of the internal carotid arteries or vertebral arteries. Patients received the therapy in 3-week intervals. The treatment was continued for two more courses after achieving a maximal radiological response to the maximum of six courses. The complete treatment response was observed in 88.0% of the patients. At the median follow-up time of 30 months, median progression-free and overall survivals were not reached. The 2-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 67.1% and 70.3%, respectively. Blood–brain barrier disruption treatment is a promising option for primary central nervous system lymphoma with an acceptable toxicity profile.


Today's web maps are zoomable and cover nearly the whole word: Google, Microsoft, Apple, OpenStreetMap, and Mapbox offer their map service to a broad audience and different purposes. The map styles follow the rules written as program code and less the knowledge and skills of experienced cartographers. This circumstance results in the requirement of more well-working algorithms, generalization tools, and rules to produce better web maps. One challenge is the implementation of a rule which selects point geometries, e.g., cities and peaks with a clearly defined numerical attribute, e.g., population and elevation, which are useable for selection. Selecting all points above a defined limit for the numerical attribute results in massive cluttering effects and labeling problems in areas with high values as mountain ranges for peaks, for example. A solution can be topographic isolation in the case of peaks. It is the distance from a peak to the nearest point with a higher elevation. Using the value of the topographic isolation considers the numerical values, the distribution of similar geometries, and space. This approach for peaks is already in use at the OpenTopoMap (Anon, 2020b). As a result, only the peaks with the highest elevation in a radius are shown, and while zooming in, the isolation values (the radius) is lowered to show more and more peaks. We want to present and demonstrate two known solutions for this selection problem and our approach, similar to topographic isolation. All approaches are useable in zoomable maps.


Description of the new continous suture (hem) in the operation for cataracts, thought out and tested by the inventir in 130 cases. Description of the suture. This new suture prevents the production of hernias in the iris or the vitreous body; it assists the formation of the anterior chamber (on the 4th day is all operations) and impedes the displacement of the pupil upwards in those cases operated with vitreorrhage. The above 3 accidents have ocurred in only 3 of the 130 operations, wrere was hernia of the iris; the inventor attributes the cause to not having practised the iridectomy. The suture is very easy indeed to extract. The inventor believes that the great sucess of his suture is due to the fact that the operational wound is sealed hermetically, which cannot be done with any other suture at present in existence. Discusion: Dr. Ignacio Valentin-Gamazo. Replica: Al Dr. Arruga, Dr. Valentin-Gamazo. Comunicacion presentada al XXXIV Congreso de la Sociedad Oftalmologica Hispano-Americana. Malaga, 24 al 28 de septiembre de 1956 Palabra clave: Articulo


Report on a 51-year-old adipose patient suffering from a rapidly progressing lipatrophia semicircularis. The lipoatrophy occurred in the form of numerous lesions on the trunk and limbs.


New records for the genera Codonocarpus (n = 14), Gyrostemon (n = 14) and Tersonia (n = 14) are given. The base number for the family Gyrostemonaceae is shown to be x = 14: this is markedly different from that of the Phytolaccaceae sensu stricto (x = 9), in which it was once included.


We examine the voluntary disclosure of qualitative information about actions involving governmental agencies and managerial intentions or beliefs in R&D project announcements in The Wall Street Journal. Our analysis indicates that information regarding government approval and managerial intentions/beliefs voluntarily disclosed in R&D project announcements interacts with industry/firm variables to provide significant incremental explanatory power in both the innovation and commercialization stages of R&D projects. Our data also indicate that the biggest impact is from managerial intentions, especially an intent to increase market share when coupled with being a larger firm. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescent consumers` consumption trends to identify their tendency for conspicuous consumption. To investigate adolescent consumers` consumption factors and conspicuous propensity for consumption, mass media, peers` effects & conformity were examined. The objects of the study are 503 middle and high school students in Seoul. The data were analyzed through frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson`s correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis by using SPSS Win 12.0. The major results of this study are as follows: Firstly, the factors of gender, grade and allowance suggest a consumption-oriented attitude and conspicuous consumption is revealed to be the highest among female students rather than male students, and high school students rather than middle school ones. Allowance is significantly correlated with consumption-oriented attitude and conspicuous consumption. Secondly, factors that affect the propensity for the consumption-oriented attitude of adolescent consumers are mass media, peer conformity, and effects. Thirdly, the factors affecting the propensity for the conspicuous consumption of adolescent consumers are peers` effects, mass media, and peer conformity. This investigation could contribute to enhancing the understanding of adolescent consumers.


turbance. This swelling of the epiphyses, with or without pain, as the lesion giving rise to it was a congenital one, might appear in infants of anly age. WVhen the enlargement of the epiphyses was of any considerable size, however, it usually occurred in infants of from three to six months old, but was rare after the latter age. Suppuration of epiphysial disease of the long bones was rare in infants under a year old. "In older children," he continued, " suppuration over the ends of the long bones is, perlhaps, commoner than in young infants, owing possibly to walking and otlher uses of the limbs proving prejudicial to a previous epipliysitis not entirely cleared up. A symmetrical suppurative epiphysitis in ehildren between i and 3 years old is to me suffieient to warrant a strong suspicion of syphilis for its causation. In contradistinction to the case of the long bones, suppuration arising from epiphysitis of the phalanges, ' syphilitic dactylitiS,' is not very rare."


It is now possible to install optic displays of new fashion because of new display technologies (i.e. active matrix TFTs). New sensor systems, data processing devices and algorithms make it possible to transmit more than the usual information to the driver. The question is what kind of information in which form should be transmitted to a truck driver? Any new contents of the optical displays in trucks is meaningful, however, only if through them an improvement can be achieved in an ergonomic way. The following strategies and/or questions for investigations are conceivable: Is it possible, to relieve drivers, through one optimal designed optic display, of a part of the mental effort to integrate and process the conventional displayed information? This could itself be expressed in a reduction of the demand on the driver, also in shorter or rarer glances to the display and rarer faults in changing gears. Or: Is it possible to relieve drivers, through an optimal designed optic display, of a part of the training that must be overcome to give newcomers an expert's knowledge? This could express itself in a shortening of the duration of adaption and training to a new truck or new conditions driving the usual truck. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102207.


Stroke and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) are responsible for a major proportion of mortalities in the elderly. We have previously investigated novel mechanism-based therapies of AEURA in cell culture models against viral infection and in glutamate excitotoxity. In our new studies, we propose that the homeopathic formula AEURA could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for stroke & for AD. In examining AEURA treatment of PC12 cells exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity, hypoxia /re-oxygenation injury and A-Beta toxicity. We demonstrated an increased survival rate in AEURA treated cells by comparison to control cells. In examining the therapeutic potential of AEURA in PC12 cells this homeopathic agent was found to be neuroprotective against either glutamate induced toxicity, hypoxia /re-oxygenation stress or cell stress resulting from viral infection (with either HSV-1 or rhinovirus). Our ongoing studies involve examining the neuroprotective potential AEURA in vivo using rodent models of stroke & AD. Research Article Protective functions of AEURA in Cell Based Model of Stroke and Alzheimer disease Jigar Modi1,3 Ahmed Altamimi1, Ashleigh Morrell1, Hongyuan Chou1, Janet Menzie1, Andrew Weiss4, Michael L Marshall4, Andrew Li1, Howard Prentice1-3* and Jang-Yen Wu1-3* 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA 2Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA 3Center of Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA 4AEURA Trust, 2525 Arapahoe Ave E4-138, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA *Address for Correspondence: Howard Prentice, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, Tel: 561-297-0362; Fax: 561-297-2221; Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Jang-Yen Wu, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, Tel: 561-297-0167; Fax: 561-297-2221; Email: email@example.com Submitted: 04 May 2017 Approved: 05 June 2017 Published: 06 June 2017 Copyright: 2017 Modi J, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


The British planning system provides for the exercise of discretion in the interpretation of policy and at the operational level processing planning applications. That discretionary space is utilised to negotiate, often over the provision of planning gains. Three applications for commercial uses drawn from different parts of England are taken as case study examples. They are examined within the context of an analytical framework which identifies the activity of negotiation, the influences on it and the actors involved. Consideration is given to the influences on negotiation from both the developers' and the local planning authorities' points of view. Factors relevant to the developer include the structure and nature of developer, their interest, the nature of development, the political culture, the nature of the planning gain and the merits of the gain. Similarly, the local planning authority's approach is influenced by organisational procedures, the degree of delegation, the nature of the negotiations and the preparation undertaken. The authors suggest a negotiating frame which shapes the process of negotiation. The article concludes by highlighting the separate but parallel development control and negotiation processes which both demand managing and integrating. The skill to achieve this integration, to handle knowledge of the law and development process and the judgement to assess others' priorities are all demanded of successful negotiators.


In the United Kingdom, spectator violence at sports events, particularly at football (soccer) matches, is an ancient yet current policing problem. 'Football hooliganism' has received considerable academic scrutiny, however the main focus has been on who the hooligans are and why they behave as they do. Other salient issues, for example the policing of spectator violence, have received rather less research attention. One aspect of such policing involves the physical segregation of rival sets of supporters. This paper is an empirical case study of the crowd segregation arrangements adopted for the 2003–2004 Derby1 matches between Southampton and Portsmouth football clubs. This case study outlines the concept of segregation and describes the two stadiums. It then gives a participant observer account of the segregation arrangements and incidents at the matches. Finally, the paper suggests six more general conclusions based upon the case study. Segregation remains necessary and is best achieved by management rather than physical measures. The proximity of the visiting fans coach (bus) arrival point is important, and it is easier to manage the staggered arrival of small groups of fans. What happens outside the ground has a direct effect on what happens inside and experienced stewards are more effective at 'policing' fans than the public police service.


The development of the hybrid test vehicle (HTV) is described from its conception during Phase I of the DOE/JPL Near-Term Hybrid Vehicle Program through the design, fabrication, and delivery of the final HTV to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for evaluation and testing. Important design and test experiences gained in the development program leading to the final HTV are highlighted and described. The various mule vehicles leading to the final design are discussed. The HTV is described including computer projections of final performance.


This invention relates to a method for inversing ground digit altitude of single flying complete polarization synthetic aperture radar image using fully polarized scattering Mueller matrix solution to derive orientation angle psi migration, with the help of transformation of euler angle to set up relations among psi migration and tilted surface picture element range angle beta and horizontal azimuth gamma determine by three stokes arameters. Under the condition of only single flying SAR data, adaptive threshold value binary and image morphology refinement are used to determine gamma and beta and ground range azimuth slope and horizontal azimuth slope, therefore, using complete multiple mesh alogirhtm value to resolve Poisson equation of DEM to get inversion of DEM.


Abstract Background: Sinonasal tumors are rare, with annual worldwide incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000, and are not commonly considered in the differential diagnosis of pituitary tumors (1). Sinonasal tumors are well known for their invasiveness, tendency to recur and association with malignancy. We present a case of sinonasal papilloma presenting as a large suprasellar mass. Clinical Case: A 61 year-old male with a past medical history including type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with chief complaints of headaches and visual disturbances over the past 6 months. Prior to admission he experienced episodes of left eye midline deviation associated with diplopia. New onset dysphagia associated with leftward tongue deviation prompted him to seek medical attention. The social history was notable for chemical exposures in his work at a hair salon; he is sexually active with his husband. He has had no sexually transmitted infections and has been vaccinated against human papilloma virus (HPV). CT of the brain showed a large sellar mass. A subsequent MRI of the pituitary demonstrated a large destructive mass centered on the clivus elevating the pituitary gland into the suprasellar cistern. The mass measured 6 cm x 4.5 cm in the axial plane with displacement without invasion of the cavernous sinuses. The mass extended anteriorly into the ethmoid sinuses and extended posteriorly into the prepontine cistern displacing the basilar artery. Pituitary hormonal analysis included a 250 mcg Cosyntropin stimulation test resulting with a random cortisol of <1.0 ug/dl rising to 17.7 ug/dl following Cosyntropin administration. Additional anterior pituitary results included FSH of 3.8 mIU/ml (1.5-14 mIU/ml), LH of 1.3 mIU/ml (1.4-7.7 mIU/ml), total testosterone of 230 ng/dl (300-700 ng/dl), and prolactin 11.1 ng/ml (2.6-13 ng/ml). Ophthalmology was consulted for visual field testing which proved normal, however a partial left cranial nerve VI palsy was noted likely secondary to cavernous sinus involvement. A biopsy of the sellar mass was obtained by bedside nasal endoscopy. The initial biopsy was consistent with a non-dysplastic, inverted sinonasal papilloma with negative HPV and P16 serologies. The patient underwent resection of the pituitary mass, with surgical pathology showing superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising from sinonasal papilloma. Conclusion: This is one of the very few cases reported in the literature of a sinonasal papilloma masquerading as a pituitary mass. Sinonasal papilloma should be considered when evaluating large destructive suprasellar tumors. Although a benign tumor, the local aggressiveness of sinonasal papilloma and the potential to give rise to squamous cell carcinoma highlights the significance of identifying this lesion.


Roy and Bose were two giant Scientists of Late nineteenth Century of Bengal. They were Renaissance products. Their contribution to our Scientific progress and Educational development during the nineteenth Century became legends. Both showed excellence as teachers and researchers. They were the prides of Indians oppressed under the Colonialist British rule. Both of them saw the eternal world not only from their scientific aspects but also from the aspects of philosophy and artistic views. As a result, their biographies and messages give us the way of complete human life. We all the Bengalees are proud of them. In the age of progression of philosophy their fames and influences surprise us very much.


This article explores the complex interaction of imagination, self-formation, emotion, and experience at play in the developing ars moriendi genre of late medieval Europe. The art of learning how to die was designed to instruct readers in how to prepare themselves for death. Early exemplars aimed to arouse fear, asking readers to identify with and learn from the experience of a young man dying unprepared. Yet a problem with a strategy of extreme emotional investment was that the emotion of fear could become overwhelming, leading to terrified stasis rather than positive action. A remedy appears through the application to the genre of the emergent epistemology of experience.


Often managers spot a chance to do something valuable for their company, but for some reason, they cannot get started. Even if they begin the project, they give up when they see the first big hurdle. The inability to take purposeful action seems to be pervasive across companies. Managers tend to ignore or postpone dealing with crucial issues which require reflection, systematic planning, creative thinking, and above all, time. Instead, most managers are happy dealing with operational activities that require more immediate attention. Daily routines, superficial behaviors, poorly prioritized or unfocused tasks make unproductive busyness the most critical behavioral problem in large companies. This fascinating book is about how to promote purposeful action in organizations. This book, the least by Sumantra Ghoshal, before his untimely death is a must read for all middle level and senior managers.


Abstract In the 1990s, judgments in the European Court of Human Rights concerning state surveillance forced many West European countries to introduce new parliamentary bodies and formal systems for accountability. Promising both greater transparency and lawful intelligence, these frameworks were then energetically rolled out to Central and Eastern Europe. Although officials boasted about their effectiveness, these formal accountability mechanisms have failed to identify serious abuses over the last decade. Moreover, the security regime in much of Central Europe still remains largely unreconstructed. The article argues that a robust culture of accountability cannot be conjured into existence merely by introducing new laws and regulations, or indeed by the increasing tide of media revelations about intelligence. However, it suggests that we are now seeing the rise of a more complex pattern of 'ambient accountability' which is at last challenging the secret state across Europe.


The magnetostriction of thin amorphous ferromagnetic layer on top of optical waveguide was studied. Reversible magnetorstriction may be used to adjust polarization related parameters like polarization dependent loss (PDL) by applying an external applied magnetic field as low as 100Oe.


The trial of a North Carolina pastor on terrorism charges in Turkey this week is just one of several cases involving Americans being arrested or harassed in the once-close U.S. ally.


Post-harvest losses and quality attributes of fresh yellow and red hot peppers were examined through five defined stages: (A) field harvest, (B) packing house arrival, (C) storage conditions, (D) roadside market display and (E) consumer conditions in the post-harvest handling system of roadside retail markets. The nature of damage and the extent of quality changes in the commodity at these stages were assessed. Total post-harvest losses amounted to 28.6 and 38.7% of initial commodity weight in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Bruising was the major cause of wastage, followed by physiological and pathological damage in the field, packing house and storage stages (.)


In this study, one describes a new record of the bushmaster snake, Lachesis muta, in an Atlantic Forest fragment in the state of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. This species is regarded as the largest venomous snake from the New World. The specimen was found at night, crossing a narrow shortcut, close to a slope, about 20m away from a waterfall. The occurrence of L. muta in this fragment demonstrates the importance of conservating Atlantic Forest fragments for preservating this species.


Hidden in the Home argues that the homework system is a product of the interaction between the state, capital, labor and homeworkers. Dangler offers insight into the impact of the government's selective restrictions on home-based labor, arguing that categories of legal and illegal homework were historically produced by the state's attempt to mediate conflicts between capital and labor—a mediation in which die voices of women homeworkers were never heard. As a historical study, Dangler's book nicely illustrates die tension between individual agency and structural pressures, documenting the ways in which both workers and business owners have negotiated the constraints of a changing world economy. Rather than retreating into prescriptions for government regulations, Dangler argues that improving the quality of homeworkers' lives will require the transformation of larger social structures. Child care, elder care and health care all are at issue because each plays a role in making homework appear or not appear to be the best choice among limited options for women. Those interested in a more wide-ranging and detailed study of the history of home-based labor in the U.S. might turn to Eileen Boris's book, Home to Work: Motherhood and the Politics of Industrial Homework in the U.S. (1994). Those interested in a more focused, but no less interesting, read will find Dangler's analysis of the electronics industry and the invisible hidden economy a fine addition to the literature on die history of gendered work.


Monitoring electrical activity in the brain for medical diagnoses is time-consuming, expensive, and subjective. For a full-fledged electroencephalogram (EEG), 19 places on the patient's head must be cleaned and electrodes individually attached to the skull, a process requiring about 30–45 minutes.


Inaugural lecture by Prof.dr. Holger H. Hoos on the acceptance of his position as professor of Machine Learning at Universiteit Leiden on Friday, 27 October 2017


An in situ vapor sorption apparatus has been constructed for use in small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The apparatus adapts two independent operating mechanisms, with and without a carrier gas, to control relative or absolute pressure, respectively, in the SANS sorption cell. By controlling the absolute pressure, a target relative vapor pressure between 0% and 90% can be reached within 1–2 min. The short response time makes it possible to correlate diffusion kinetics and/or sorption/desorption isotherms with structure evolution during wetting/drying, which is not possible in gravimetric methods. Also, one can extract diffusion coefficients and interaction parameters. Other uses include the enhancement of scattering contrast in the study of semicrystalline polymers by the preferential vapor sorption of deuterated vapor into the amorphous regions. Thus, one can obtain the same structural information as small-angle x-ray scattering measurements on dry samples. Also, the apparatus has the cap...


ABSTRACT The integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical microbiology has revolutionized species identification of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. However, beyond straightforward identification, the method has also been suggested to have the potential for subspecies-level or even type-level epidemiological analyses. This minireview explores MALDI-TOF MS-based typing, which has already been performed on many clinically relevant species. We discuss the limits of the method's resolution and we suggest interpretative criteria allowing valid comparison of strain-specific data. We conclude that guidelines for MALDI-TOF MS-based typing can be developed along the same lines as those used for the interpretation of data from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).


3 The analysis and opinions in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not represent the position of the IRB, thc Australian Federal Court Of the lARLJ. This paper was a collaborative effor! prepared with the contribution and assistance of others. These people should be acknowledged fOf tbeir substantial contribulion lo the paper. JLL~tice Rod Madgwick. Judge of tbe Federal Court of Australia and Associate Rapporteur ofthe Human Rights Nexus Working Party; James Simeon, Acting Executive Director orthe JARU; RoJfDriver, Federal Magistrate, Law Courts, Sydney, Australia; Dr. Hugo Storey. Senior Jmmigration Judge, United Kingdom Asylum and Jmmigration Tribunal; Patricia Auron, Legal Advisor to the Irnrnigration and Refugee Board of Canada: David Schwartz, Legal Advisor to the Irnmigralion and Refugee Board of Canada; Joan Montgomery, Member, !mrnigration and Refugee Board of Canada; LOfl Scialabba, past Chairperson, United Slates Board of Imrmgration Appeals; Sarah Murpby, Member, Refugee Status Appeals Authority, WeUington, New Zealand; Dalllmm Wamer, Legal Associate Refugee Status Appeals Authority, New Zealand; Professor James Halbaway, University of Michigan, USA and Professor Pene Mathew, Ulllversity ofSydney, Australia. Special thanks go to research officcr oftbe Australia Federal Court, Mr. David Braun for his significant conlribution to the content oflhis paper.


Maize (Zea mays L.) is the second most important staple food crop after rice in Nepal. In Nepal, maize is grown under intensive tillage ssystem of 2-3 ploughings for land preparation and atleast two intercultural operations for weeding and earthling-up operation. Alternative to conventional tillage system, no-till system is a specialized type of conservation tillage consisting of a one-pass planting and fertilizer operation in which the soil and the surface residues are minimally disturbed. No-tillage maize production conserves soil and water and reduces capital investment in machinery for land preparations and intercultural operations, but most important to many producers, no-tillage can improve maize yields. However, very limited works have been done so far in Nepal. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this article to highlight the importance of no till in maize in the hills of Nepal and some of the practical tips to adopt the no- till maize production system in Nepal.